WO2023240350A1 - Cartouche destinée à la collecte de gaz anesthésiques comprenant des hydrocarbures halogénés - Google Patents

Cartouche destinée à la collecte de gaz anesthésiques comprenant des hydrocarbures halogénés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023240350A1
WO2023240350A1 PCT/CA2023/050822 CA2023050822W WO2023240350A1 WO 2023240350 A1 WO2023240350 A1 WO 2023240350A1 CA 2023050822 W CA2023050822 W CA 2023050822W WO 2023240350 A1 WO2023240350 A1 WO 2023240350A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
canister
inlet
wire mesh
adsorbent
outlet
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PCT/CA2023/050822
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English (en)
Inventor
Yong BUL
Dusanka Filipovic
Matthew WILLISTON
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Blue-Zone Technologies Ltd.
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2023240350A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023240350A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0051—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes with alarm devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0087—Environmental safety or protection means, e.g. preventing explosion
    • A61M16/009—Removing used or expired gases or anaesthetic vapours
    • A61M16/0093—Removing used or expired gases or anaesthetic vapours by adsorption, absorption or filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0415—Beds in cartridges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A61M16/022—Control means therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
    • A61M16/201—Controlled valves
    • A61M16/202—Controlled valves electrically actuated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02—Gases
    • A61M2202/0241—Anaesthetics; Analgesics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/18—General characteristics of the apparatus with alarm
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
    • A61M2205/3379—Masses, volumes, levels of fluids in reservoirs, flow rates
    • A61M2205/3393—Masses, volumes, levels of fluids in reservoirs, flow rates by weighing the reservoir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/35—Communication
    • A61M2205/3546—Range
    • A61M2205/3553—Range remote, e.g. between patient's home and doctor's office
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/75—General characteristics of the apparatus with filters
    • A61M2205/7581—General characteristics of the apparatus with filters with means for switching over to a fresh filter on clogging or saturation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2209/00—Ancillary equipment
    • A61M2209/08—Supports for equipment
    • A61M2209/084—Supporting bases, stands for equipment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/40—Respiratory characteristics
    • A61M2230/43—Composition of exhalation
    • A61M2230/437—Composition of exhalation the anaesthetic agent concentration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4533—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for medical purposes

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to the removal/collection of halogenated hydrocarbons from a gas stream. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a system and canister for the centralized removal/collection of anesthetic gases, such as halogenated hydrocarbon inhalation anesthetics, from a gas stream in a hospital.
  • anesthetic gases such as halogenated hydrocarbon inhalation anesthetics
  • Halogenated hydrocarbon compounds include the families of compounds: bromo-, fluoro- and/or chloro-ethers, fluorinated alkyl ethers, chlorofluorocarbons and chlorofluoro ethers and their derivatives. These families of compounds are typically used as solvents, refrigerants, anesthetics, aerosol propellants, blowing agents and the like. Many of these compounds are widely used and are routinely discharged into the atmosphere.
  • Halogenated hydrocarbons used as anesthetics include the chemical formulae: 1 ,1 ,2- trifluoro-2-chloroethyl difluoromethyl ether and 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether. These chemicals are also commonly known as “enflurane” and “isoflurane”, respectively.
  • Other anesthetics include chemical formulae: 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-fluoroethyl-difluoromethyl ether and 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[trifluoromethyl]ethyl fluoromethyl ether. These chemicals are commonly known as “desflurane” and “sevoflurane”, respectively.
  • anesthetics are highly volatile organic compounds, produced in a liquid form and then evaporated and mixed with other carrier medical gases, such as nitrous oxide, oxygen and/or medical air before being administered to a patient to be used as an inhalation anesthetic.
  • the gas stream exiting the anesthetic gas machine is rich with inhalation anesthetics and contains entrained CO2 and moisture and possibly some by-products that potentially result from the anesthetic gas mix recirculation stream passing over the carbon dioxide absorbent in the patient breathing circuit.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons compounds and, in particular, anesthetics
  • anesthetics are recovered and purified to medical standards there would be a considerable cost savings by reusing the anesthetics.
  • the inhalation anesthetics are removed before the anesthetics are discharged into the atmosphere by providing an adsorbent material in an appropriate container to adsorb the inhalation anesthetics from the gas stream exiting the anesthetic gas machine. When the adsorbent material is saturated, the container is removed and taken to a processing center to recover the anesthetic gases.
  • conventional systems can still have issues with the containers used to capture the anesthetics and the handling of the containers throughout the process of capture, recovery and the like.
  • a system for central or localized collection of halogenated hydrocarbons from a gas stream including: a canister; an adsorbent provided inside the canister; an inlet provided on a side of the canister proximate a base of the canister; and an outlet at a top of the canister, wherein the canister is configured such that the gas stream flows into the inlet at a predetermined pressure and flow rate and exits the outlet.
  • the canister may be cylindrical from top to bottom.
  • system may further include a bottom wire mesh adjacent a base of the canister to support the adsorbent above the inlet.
  • the system may further include a top wire mesh adjacent a top of the canister to hold the adsorbent in place.
  • the system may further include a biasing mechanism to bias the top wire mesh against the adsorbent at a predetermined pressure.
  • the system may further include a cart that is removably attached to the canister to assist with transportation of the canister.
  • the cart may be provided with a weigh scale to measure the weight of the canister.
  • the system may further include an anesthetic gas sensor to control a valve to direct gas flow through the canister only when anesthetic gas is present.
  • the system may further include an anesthetic gas sensor to detect if any anesthetic gas passes through the canister and to activate an alarm if so.
  • a canister for collection of halogenated hydrocarbons from a gas stream, the canister including: an inlet provided on a side of the canister proximate a base of the canister; an outlet at a top of the canister; a top wire mesh adjacent a top of the canister; a bottom wire mesh adjacent a base of the canister and above the inlet; and a biasing mechanism to bias the top wire mesh downward at a predetermined pressure.
  • the canister may further include an access port on a side thereof, wherein the access port is positioned between the top wire mesh and the bottom wire mesh.
  • the canister may be cylindrical from top to bottom.
  • the canister may be configured to be mounted on a cart to assist with transportation of the canister.
  • the canister may be removably mounted.
  • the canister may further include an anesthetic gas sensor provided at an outlet thereof to detect if any anesthetic gas exits the canister.
  • the canister may further include a diffuser provided to the inlet to distribute air flow around a space below the bottom wire mesh.
  • the canister may further include an inlet pipe connected to the inlet and an outlet pipe connected to the outlet, wherein each of the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe rise above the canister to an equivalent height above the canister.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic of a central collection system for capturing anesthetics from multiple anesthetic gas machines
  • FIG. 1 B illustrates a schematic of another central collection system for capturing anesthetics from multiple anesthetic gas machines
  • FIG. 2A is a top view of an embodiment of a canister for the central collection system of Fig. 1A or 1 B;
  • Fig. 2B is a front view of the canister of Fig. 2A;
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of the canister of Fig. 2A when mounted on a movable cart;
  • Fig. 4A is a left side view of another embodiment of a canister for the central collection system of Fig. 1A or 1 B;
  • Fig. 4B is a top view of the canister of Fig. 4A;
  • Fig. 4G is a front view of the canister of Fig. 4A;
  • Fig. 4D is a right side view of the canister of Fig. 4A;
  • Fig. 4E is a sectional view of the canister of Fig. 4A along the section lines H-H in Fig. 4D;
  • Fig. 5 is a side view of the canister of Fig. 4A when mounted on a movable cart;
  • Fig. 6 is a transparent view illustrating another embodiment of a canister having an access port
  • Fig. 7A is a schematic view of two canisters in a serial arrangement.
  • Fig. 7B is a schematic view of two canisters in a parallel arrangement.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons include bromo-, chloro- and/or fluoro-ethers, fluorinated alkyl ethers, chlorofluorohydrocarbons, chlorofluoroethers and their derivatives.
  • Inhalation anesthetics are well known types of halogenated hydrocarbons which include isoflurane (ForaneTM), enflurane (Enth neTM), halothane (HalothaneTM) methoxyflurane (PenthraneTM), desflurane (SupraneTM) and sevoflurane (UltaneTM).
  • halogenated hydrocarbons include the variety of refrigerant gases, such as FreonsTM (which include trichlorofluromethane, and dichlorodifluoromethane).
  • This family of halogenated hydrocarbon compounds includes, for example, an alkyl group or ether group substituted with one or more of chloro-, fluoro- and bromo-groups.
  • the inhalation anesthetics are typically delivered in combination with “medical air”, which is typically a combination of oxygen and/or nitrous oxide and/or air.
  • medical air typically a combination of oxygen and/or nitrous oxide and/or air.
  • a desired degree of unconsciousness is achieved and monitored by the anesthetist.
  • a very small portion of the anesthetic is adsorbed or metabolized by the patient, less than 5% depending on which anesthetic agent is used.
  • Flow rates of the gas stream to the patient may be in the range of 0.5 to 7 liters per minute, where the concentration by volume of the anesthetic may be in the range of 0% to 8.5% depending on numerous factors and conditions evaluated and monitored by the anesthetist.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates an embodiment of a central collection system 50 in which anesthetics from more than one operating room are captured by a central adsorber collection system 52.
  • the central collection system 50 gathers anesthetics from multiple anesthetic gas machines (in Fig. 1A, 18', 18" and 18"'), which may be located in multiple operating rooms via a gas scavenging system or the like.
  • the gas scavenging system connects to the central collection system via inlet lines 26', 26" and 26"'.
  • the central collection system 50 includes the central adsorber collection system 52, which includes one or more canisters (detailed below) charged with at least one adsorbent which selectively adsorbs the anesthetics from the combined gas streams from the anesthetic gas machines.
  • the central collection system 50 is intended to leave the discharge stream substantially free of anesthetics for ultimately exhausting to atmosphere 34.
  • the air flow can be driven by a pump 60 that may be part of the central collection system 50 (as generally shown). In some cases, if there is a pump 60 as a part of the central collection system 50, there may need to be another pump (not shown) on the bypass line 58.
  • a pump may be a part of a general anesthetic/medical gas scavenging system (sometimes called AGSS), which gathers air/gases from various areas of a hospital or operating rooms to send the gas to the central collection system 50 or the central adsorber collection system 52.
  • AGSS general anesthetic/medical gas scavenging system
  • the pump may be arranged to pull or push air flow depending on where it is located and other operating parameters of the gas scavenging system or the central collection system.
  • sensors 56', 56" and 56"' may be provided to inlet lines 26', 26" and 26"' and configured to sense the presence of anesthetics in the medical air flowing through the inlet lines. In cases where no anesthetics are detected, inlet lines 26', 26" and/or 26"' may be closed off to isolate the appropriate operating room from the central collection system 50.
  • the inlet lines 26', 26" and 26'" may alternatively be routed, via bypass 58, so that the medical air (without anesthetic or with a low amount of anesthetic) is sent to the atmosphere and away from the central collection system 50. Closing off the inlet lines 26', 26" and 26"' or routing the medical air through bypass 58 can be achieved using bypass valves 59', 59" and 59'".
  • bypass 58 can be helpful because, for example, there may be cases where the medical air supply is left on even though no anesthetic is being used. In such a situation, it is undesirable to continue to flow medical air through the central collection system 50 since the continuous flow of medical air can slowly desorb anesthetics previously captured.
  • An anesthetic sensor 36' may be provided in the central collection system exhaust line 38' to sense the presence of anesthetics exiting the central adsorber collection canister.
  • the anesthetic sensor 36’ may be integrated with a canister. The anesthetic sensor 36' would sense when anesthetics have broken through the adsorbent into the exhaust and prompt a user with feedback (e.g. an alarm) to change the adsorbent by, for instance, replacing one or more adsorbers, replacing the adsorbent in one or more adsorbers, or regenerating the adsorbent.
  • an adsorption front of adsorbed anesthetics travels along the bed of adsorbent in a canister towards the outlet as the anesthetic is adsorbed.
  • Such an adsorption front will usually have a curved profile across the canister as it approaches the outlet.
  • the sensor 36’ is intended to sense when any portion of the adsorption front has broken through the adsorbent into the outlet.
  • the anesthetic sensor 36’ may be connected to a remote monitoring station (not shown) or the like.
  • the remote monitoring station may be equipped with an alarm which is actuated when the anesthetic sensor 36’ senses anesthetics in exhaust line 38’ and indicate to a technician that a canister should be replaced so that continued recovery of anesthetics is achieved.
  • a trap 54 may be provided in the exhaust line 38' or on the bypass line 58 or on both, located before the system exhausts to the atmosphere 34, in order to reduce the possibility that anesthetics are released to the atmosphere.
  • the trap 54 may have the same adsorbent as that in the central adsorber collector canister, or may have a different adsorbent, such as activated carbon, silicalite, molecular sieve, or the like.
  • the bypass line 58 may not have a trap 54 and vent directly to atmosphere.
  • An alternative to providing the anesthetic sensor 36' for sensing an anesthetic in the exhaust line is to provide a weight sensor (e.g. a load cell) such that the weight of the capture device (or adsorbent or canisters) could be monitored and the user could be prompted to change or regenerate the adsorbent once a predetermined weight of anesthetic was collected in the central adsorber collection system.
  • a weight sensor e.g. a load cell
  • This weight sensor could also be provided in addition to the anesthetic sensor 36’ for additional protection or confirmation.
  • historical loading patterns could be used to determine an appropriate time to change or regenerate the adsorbent or to determine an appropriate adsorber size to support a given period of collection. Replacement or regeneration of the adsorbent in any of the above alternatives may be desirable even though the adsorbent is not fully saturated with anesthetic.
  • One of the issues involved in a central collection system 50 relates to the flow rate and concentration of anesthetics in the flow.
  • a hospital scavenging system uses the pump 60 or some form of air moving device located before the central collection system to draw the gas stream from various operating rooms into the scavenging system. This device draws the gas stream originating from the anesthetic gas machines 18', 18" and 18"', as well as additional “make up” air. An increased flow rate due to the make up air results in a dilution of the concentration of anesthetics.
  • This dilution can be, for example, in the range of 1 :20 (volume of anesthetic gas stream from the anesthetic gas machine:volume of flow entering the hospital scavenging system and passing through the central collection system) since the flow rate from an anesthetic gas machine can be about 2 L/min, while the flow rate entering the hospital scavenging system can be 40 L/min.
  • the central adsorber collection system 52 and/or the central collection system 50 more generally should be designed to ensure that the residence time is adequate for the adsorbent material to adsorb the anesthetics.
  • FIG. 1 B shows another embodiment of a central collection system 100 according to an embodiment herein.
  • an anesthetic gas scavenging system (AGSS) 105 in place, which gathers air flow from a plurality of operating rooms and transfers the air flow into piping 110 for transmission to a location, typically near a roof of the hospital, where it can be vented 115.
  • the central collection system 100 is connected with the AGSS 105.
  • the AGSS 105 will include a pump (not shown) that will pull air flow from the operating rooms and push the air flow to the central collection system 100 and vent 115.
  • the central collection system 100 includes an inlet line 120 that is connected to a central adsorber collection system 125, which may include one or more canisters (two canisters shown) charged with at least one adsorbent which selectively adsorbs the anesthetics from the AGSS gas stream.
  • the central adsorber collection system 125 is then connected back to the piping 110 of the AGSS 105 closer to the vent 115 by an outlet line 130.
  • the central collection system 100 may include a gas sensor 145 provided prior to the inlet line 120 for sensing the presence of anesthetic gas in the air flow in the piping 110.
  • an electronic control valve 150 provided to the piping 110 can be triggered to switch by the sensor such that the air flow will be directed to inlet line 120 and through the central adsorber collection system 125. If no anesthetic gas is sensed, an electronic control valve 150 provided to the piping 110 can be triggered to switch by the sensor such that the air flow will be directed to vent 115 and fully bypass the central adsorber collection system. There may also be a further anesthetic gas sensor 145 on the outlet line 130 or alternatively adjacent to each canister to sense if any anesthetic is “breaking through” the adsorbent in the canisters.
  • the piping 110 may also be provided with a safety bypass line 155 that passes around the control valve 150 in case of some failure of the control valve 150 and/or the central adsorber collection system 125.
  • the safety bypass may include an overpressure valve or the like, which will only activate if there is too much pressure on the safety bypass line.
  • the valve on safety bypass line 155 may be manually operated to conduct an exchange of the central adsorber collection system.
  • the central adsorber collection system 125 may also include attachment connectors 160 and shutoff valves 165 on each of the inlet line 120 and the outlet line 130 so that the central adsorber collection system 125 can be removed from the system.
  • the canisters may also have canister attachment connectors 170 so that individual canisters can be removed from the central adsorber collection system 125.
  • shutoff valve on line 155 will be opened, and shutoff valves on the inlet line 120 and the outlet line 130 will be closed, to force the gas flow through the safety bypass line 155. After exchange, these shutoff valves would be returned to their original position to resume normal operations.
  • Fig. 1 B there are two canisters.
  • connection between the two canisters may also include a sensor and electronic bypass valve such that, if there is no anesthetic in the air flow after the first canister, the air may proceed directly to the vent and does not go through the second canister.
  • the canisters may serve different purposes, for example, one may be used as “a dryer” to first capture water from the air flow and the second canister may include an adsorbent to capture halogenated anesthetics from the dry airflow.
  • the canisters may be arranged in serial or parallel and in various numbers and combinations depending on the needs of the overall system.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are top and front views of an embodiment of a canister 200 used with the system of Fig. 1A or 1 B.
  • the canister 200 has a cylindrical shape and includes brackets 205 for mounting the canister 200 on a wall, a movable cart (as shown in FIG. 3), or the like.
  • the canister 200 includes an outlet 210 at a top thereof and an inlet 215 at a bottom thereof.
  • the canister 200 includes a top mesh 220 and a bottom mesh 225, which is configured to hold an adsorbent 230 in place but allow gas to flow through the canister.
  • the top and bottom mesh may sometimes be called a screen or porous screen.
  • the bottom mesh 225 is positioned to provide a bottom open area 235 above the inlet 215.
  • the top mesh 220 is positioned to provide a top open area 240 below the outlet 210.
  • the top mesh 220 may be provided with a biasing mechanism 245, such as springs or the like, arranged between the top mesh 120 and the canister 200 to bias the top mesh 220 toward the adsorbent 230.
  • the provision of the biasing mechanism 235 can help to hold the adsorbent in place and away from the outlet, for example, if there is settling of the adsorbent 230 over time, movement of the adsorbent during transportation of the canister 200, or the like.
  • the bottom open area 235 and the top open area 240 allow for gas distribution/diffusion through the adsorbent for better effective use of the internal surface area of the adsorbent as well as to avoid channeling or the like.
  • FIG. 3 shows the canister 200 mounted on a movable cart 250 via a pedestal 255.
  • the movable cart 250 may include a base 260, a handle 265, and wheels 270 so that the canister 200 can be easily moved to be put in place or removed once the adsorbent 230 is saturated.
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4G and 4D are left, top, front and right side views of another embodiment of a canister 400 for use with the system of Fig. 1A or 1 B.
  • the canister 400 can also has a cylindrical shape and includes brackets 405 for mounting the canister on a wall, a movable cart (as shown in FIG. 5), or the like.
  • the canister 400 includes an outlet 410 at a top thereof and an inlet 415 on a side wall of the canister 400 near a bottom thereof.
  • the inlet 415 can include inlet piping 417 that is positioned beside the canister 400 and rises above the canister to be in line with outlet piping from the outlet 410.
  • This arrangement can provide for easier connection to existing piping from, for example, a scavenging system, or the like.
  • the provision of the inlet 415 on a side of the canister 400 also provides for diffusion of the incoming gas stream.
  • the incoming gas stream flows into the bottom open area below the adsorbent and is then driven through the adsorbent in a more even manner than if the gas stream were to flow directly from the bottom of the canister 400.
  • a separate diffuser can be added at the inlet or in the bottom open area.
  • FIG. 4E is a cross-sectional view of the canister 400 along the line H-H in FIG. 4D.
  • the canister 400 includes a top mesh 420 and a bottom mesh 425, which is configured to hold the adsorbent 430 in place.
  • the bottom mesh 425 is positioned to provide a bottom open area above the inlet 415 and may include a mesh support 427 to help support the weight of the adsorbent 430.
  • the top mesh 420 is positioned to provide a top open area below the outlet 410.
  • the top mesh may be provided with a biasing mechanism 435, such as springs or the like, to bias the top mesh 420 toward the adsorbent 430.
  • the provision of the biasing mechanism 435 can help to hold the adsorbent in place if there is settling of the adsorbent 430 over time and during transportation of the canister 400.
  • FIG. 5 shows the canister 400 mounted on a movable cart 440.
  • the movable cart 440 may include a base 450, a handle 455, and wheels 460 so that the canister 400 can be easily moved to be put in place or removed once the adsorbent 430 is saturated.
  • a pedestal is not needed and the canister 400 may be mounted, via brackets 405 to, for example, the handle 455.
  • the canister 400 may, alternatively or in addition, be mounted to the base 450 via brackets, a fixture into which the canister is placed, or the like. In this way, the provision of the inlet 415 on a side of the canister 400 allows for alternative and more secure mounting of the canister 400 on the movable cart 440.
  • Fig. 6 is a transparent view illustrating another embodiment of a canister 600 in which the canister 600 includes an access port 610.
  • the canister 600 is similar to the canister 400 in that it includes a bottom mesh 615, top mesh 620, bias mechanism 625, and bottom area 630, but is also provided with the access port 610 to allow the adsorbent to be examined and/or removed and replaced.
  • the central collection system 50 and, more particularly, the central adsorbent collection system 52 may include a single canister or may have multiple canisters of the same or various types of adsorbents. Canisters may be of the same or different sizes or capacities.
  • the multiple canisters may be in series as illustrated in Fig. 7A or in parallel, as illustrated in Fig. 7B, or some combination of both.
  • the central collection system may first pass the input gas through one or more canisters until the adsorbent in that canister (or canisters) is saturated, and then pass the input gas through another canister or set of canisters. This could be achieved by including, for example, anesthetic sensors 705 and 710 in the exhaust line of each canister to detect when anesthetic gases have broken through the adsorbent of that canister into the exhaust, and bypasses controlled by bypass valves 715 and 720 to route the input gas around that canister.
  • the collection system could route the input gas away from a canister when the canister reaches a predetermined weight.
  • the central collection system may pass the input gas through all the parallel canisters at the same time.
  • the canisters making up a collection system may include different adsorbent materials, and may be of different geometrical configurations, different weights and volumes, different materials of construction, and have different capacities for adsorption.
  • the specific variables can be chosen in view of the variable concentrations of the anesthetic gas in the administered gas mixture; the variable flow rates of the administered gas mixtures; the various anesthetic gas scavenging systems commonly used in hospitals (active or passive); the various anesthetic gas machine exhausts; and other operating room settings.
  • the configurations of the canisters for a particular application can be adapted to meet a hospital's requirements for the frequency of adsorber replacement, space requirements, or various other influencing factors.
  • the canister can be configured to facilitate adsorbent loading and unloading, to provide proper connection to the scavenging system; to ensure gas stream flow distribution during adsorption and regeneration; to provide easy handling; and to accommodate space availability.
  • the different multiple adsorbents may be layered in separate “beds” within the single canister. Each bed may be separated by a mesh or screen or contained within a removable sleeve I cartridge which keeps the beds separate but allows the gas to flow from the inlet end of the canister to the outlet end of the canister.
  • Such a layered system could be used in a “staged” adsorption where the objective of each layer is to adsorb a specific target compound or compounds (e.g., the objective of the first layer would be to adsorb water, the objective of the second layer would be to selectively adsorb desflurane and isoflurane, and the objective of the third layer would be to adsorb sevoflurane).
  • a layered bed could be removable from the canister for separate regeneration of the multiple adsorbents. It is appreciated that such a layered canister could be used in both the central collection system described above, as well as the container collection system described previously.
  • moisture can be removed using a condenser (not shown) and/or may be removed using 3A, 4A, or other known conventional desiccants (not shown) having appropriately sized pores to avoid adsorbing the anesthetics. It will generally be desirable to select a desiccant which does not result in decomposition of the anesthetic.
  • the canister can be made from any material with appropriate heat resistant and corrosion resistant properties and the material can be chemically compatible with anesthetics, i.e., does not cause, trigger or result in decomposition of halogenated anesthetics upon contact or after periods of storage.
  • the material could be, for example, ceramic, glass, engineered plastic, anodized aluminum, or stainless steel, such as SS316.
  • an appropriately sized canister of the type described herein may also be used for localized collection of anesthetic gases in an operating room, ICU, clinic or the like.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une cartouche destinée à la collecte d'hydrocarbures halogénés à partir d'un flux de gaz. Ladite cartouche comprend : une entrée disposée sur un côté de la cartouche à proximité d'une base de la cartouche pour recevoir le flux de gaz ; une sortie au sommet de la cartouche à travers laquelle sort le flux de gaz ; un treillis métallique supérieur adjacent à une partie supérieure de la cartouche ; un treillis métallique inférieur adjacent à une base de la cartouche et au-dessus de l'entrée ; et un mécanisme de sollicitation pour solliciter le treillis métallique supérieur vers le bas à une pression prédéterminée. La cartouche peut en outre comprendre un orifice d'accès sur un de ses côtés, l'orifice d'accès étant positionné entre le treillis métallique supérieur et le treillis métallique inférieur. L'invention concerne également un système de collecte centrale d'hydrocarbures halogénés à partir d'un flux de gaz, ledit système comprenant une cartouche telle que décrite ci-dessus.
PCT/CA2023/050822 2022-06-15 2023-06-14 Cartouche destinée à la collecte de gaz anesthésiques comprenant des hydrocarbures halogénés WO2023240350A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5515845A (en) * 1987-03-04 1996-05-14 Praxair Canada Inc. Canister for the recovery of halogenated hydrocarbons in a gas stream
US20040159235A1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2004-08-19 Marganski Paul J. Low pressure drop canister for fixed bed scrubber applications and method of using same
WO2011026230A1 (fr) * 2009-09-01 2011-03-10 Blue-Zone Technologies Ltd. Systèmes et procédés pour le traitement de gaz

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5515845A (en) * 1987-03-04 1996-05-14 Praxair Canada Inc. Canister for the recovery of halogenated hydrocarbons in a gas stream
US20040159235A1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2004-08-19 Marganski Paul J. Low pressure drop canister for fixed bed scrubber applications and method of using same
WO2011026230A1 (fr) * 2009-09-01 2011-03-10 Blue-Zone Technologies Ltd. Systèmes et procédés pour le traitement de gaz

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