WO2023237631A1 - Pre-polymer composition with improved properties - Google Patents
Pre-polymer composition with improved properties Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023237631A1 WO2023237631A1 PCT/EP2023/065297 EP2023065297W WO2023237631A1 WO 2023237631 A1 WO2023237631 A1 WO 2023237631A1 EP 2023065297 W EP2023065297 W EP 2023065297W WO 2023237631 A1 WO2023237631 A1 WO 2023237631A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- main chain
- weight
- monomers
- grafted
- Prior art date
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 C8 alkyl fumarate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 18
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene group Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical group CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- QAEKNCDIHIGLFI-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Co+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O QAEKNCDIHIGLFI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
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- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol Chemical compound OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MZXNOAWIRQFYDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)cyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound C1CC(O)CCC1C1CCC(O)CC1 MZXNOAWIRQFYDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YKXAYLPDMSGWEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCO YKXAYLPDMSGWEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCCOC(=O)C=C NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OECTYKWYRCHAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1CC2OC2CC1 OECTYKWYRCHAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJEZBVHHZQAEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Chemical compound C1CCC2OC21 GJEZBVHHZQAEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXALYBMHAYZKAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-ylmethyl 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-4-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CC2OC2CC1C(=O)OCC1CC2OC2CC1 YXALYBMHAYZKAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003319 Araldite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJQMOGOKAYDMOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(=C)C=C.CC(=C)C=C Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.CC(=C)C=C KJQMOGOKAYDMOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004641 Diallyl-phthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenyl glycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COC1=CC=CC=C1 FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical group C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IZJDCINIYIMFGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[f][2]benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(=O)OC(=O)C3=CC2=C1 IZJDCINIYIMFGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940072282 cardura Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003193 cis-1,4-polybutadiene polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC=CC1C(O)=O IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCC(C(O)=O)C1 XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCAOGXRUJFKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-5-nitropyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=N1 UCAOGXRUJFKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHARCSTZAGNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 KHARCSTZAGNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPUMVKJOWWJPRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 WPUMVKJOWWJPRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-dimethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene-2 Natural products CCC=CC QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- DVQHRBFGRZHMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium methyl 2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-(N-prop-2-enoxy-C-propylcarbonimidoyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C=CCON=C(CCC)[C-]1C(=O)CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)OC)C1=O DVQHRBFGRZHMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/06—Unsaturated polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
- B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
- B01D19/0404—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
Definitions
- the invention relates to a composition comprising a curable pre-polymer, to the use of a polymer having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group as de-foaming agent and for reducing shrinkage, and to a process of improving the de-foaming characteristics of a curable pre-polymer.
- de-foaming or anti-foaming agents are known.
- a defoamer or an anti-foaming agent is a chemical additive that reduces and hinders the formation of foam in industrial process liquids.
- de-foaming agent and anti-foaming agents are often used interchangeably.
- Commonly used de-foaming agents are insoluble oils, polydimethylsiloxanes and other silicones, certain alcohols, stearates and glycols.
- De-foaming agents based on small scale particles like ureas are known as well.
- the additives are generally used to prevent formation of foam, or they are added to break a foam already formed.
- US 8309648 B2 relates to a silicone free defoamer for solvent-based coatings.
- the defoamer formulation comprises a graft copolymer having a polymer main chain consisting of repeating units of polymerized mono-functional ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
- the polymer main chain is grafted with monomers selected from (meth)acrylates, styrene, and vinyl acetate.
- EP 0221755 B1 relates to a process for producing a polyamide.
- the process comprises polymerizing a polyamide monomer in the presence of a low amount of a modified hydrocarbon polymer bearing at least one type of group selected from carboxyl, carboxylic acid derivative, amino- and hydroxyl group.
- the hydrocarbon polymer is a homopolymer or copolymer of an alphaolefin, or a hydrogenated homopolymer or copolymer of a diene.
- de-foaming agents and compositions are often costly, and the use of de-foaming agents contributes to the overall costs of curable pre-polymer compositions.
- defoaming agents also increases the complexity of the overall recipe of curable pre-polymer compositions and the risk of unpredictable interactions between components.
- the agents should provide good defoaming properties or prevent the formation of foam, while not detracting from other desirable properties, such as the clarity or absence of turbidity of the compositions.
- the de-foaming agents should also be suitable for different types of pre-polymer compositions, in particular for pre- polymer compositions comprising dicyclopentadiene resin, which so far have been found difficult to provide with acceptable de-foaming properties.
- the de-foaming agent provides other desirable properties, such as reduced shrinkage of the curable pre-polymer compositions upon curing.
- the invention provides a composition
- a composition comprising a) a curable pre-polymer (A), and b) a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising or consisting of repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group, wherein polymer (B) is a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C.
- composition of the invention has good de-foaming properties or prevent the formation of foam, while not detracting from other desirable properties, such as the clarity or absence of turbidity of the compositions. These properties are attainable with a large variety of different types of prepolymers. Furthermore, it has been found that in some embodiments the compositions of the invention exhibit reduced shrinkage of the curable pre-polymer compositions upon curing.
- Curable pre-polymer compositions are applied in different areas, for example as casting resins, in the manufacture of composite materials, such as fiber reinforced materials, and in the manufacture of laminates.
- the curable pre-polymer composition is a liquid or viscous composition comprising monomeric or oligomeric molecules having functional groups.
- the functional groups are capable of chemical reactions to increase the molecular weight of the monomeric or oligomeric molecules. These reactions thus lead to a cured polymer which generally is solid.
- the cured polymer may be crosslinked or non-crosslinked.
- the chemical reaction of the functional groups may be triggered in various ways.
- the curable pre-polymer composition is provided as a two- or more component composition, wherein the components comprise mutually reactive functional groups which are mixed prior to use.
- the components comprise mutually reactive functional groups which are mixed prior to use. Examples include epoxide groups, which are reactive with amine groups, hydroxyl groups, or carboxylic acid groups; isocyanate groups which are reactive with amine, hydroxyl, or thiol groups; and electron deficient ethylenically unsaturated groups which are reactive with amine groups or thiol groups.
- the functional groups are radically polymerizable functional groups.
- the curing reaction is a radical polymerization reaction which can triggered by radical generating initiators, such as peroxides, or by actinic radiation, such as UV radiation or electron beam radiation, or by combinations thereof.
- the curable pre-polymer composition comprises an unsaturated polyester base and a polymerizable monomer diluent, such as styrene or an acrylic or methacrylic monomer.
- the curable pre-polymer composition comprises a dicyclopentadiene resin.
- the curable pre-polymer composition comprises a curable silicone or a curable phenolic resin, epoxy(meth)acrylate resin, and urethane (meth)acrylate resin.
- the curable pre-polymer (A) comprises at least one of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, and dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resin.
- Suitable epoxide resins include diepoxides.
- Suitable diepoxides are compounds having two epoxide groups.
- Preferred diepoxides are diglcidylethers of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Such diglycidylethers are commercially available. They are suitably formed by reacting reactive phenols or alcohols with epichlorohydrin.
- diepoxides can be prepared by epoxidation reaction of compounds having two olefinic double bonds.
- the diepoxides used in the present invention are selected from the group consisting of glycidyl ethers, like bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, hydrogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, hydrogenated bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, oligomeric and polymeric diglycidylethers based on bisphenol A and/or Bisphenol F and/or hydrogenated bisphenol A and/or hydrogenated Bisphenol F, 1 ,3-propane-, 1 ,4-butane- or 1 ,6-hexanediol -diglycidyl ether and polyalkylenoxide glycidyl ether; glycidyl esters, like hexahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester; cycloaliphatic epoxides, like 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl-epoxyethane or 3,4-epoxycyclohexy
- Suitable monoepoxides include epoxidized olefins, glycidylethers of monoalcohols, and glycidylesters.
- Specific compounds include aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and/or araliphatic glycidyl ether, glycidyl ester and olefin oxides like C1 -C20- alkyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, cresyl glycidyl ether, naphthyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, p-tert.-butyl-phenyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethyl-hexyl glycidyl ether, C12-C14-glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, 2,3- epoxypropylneodecanoate (Cardura
- Suitable curing agents for epoxide resins are polyamines, more particularly (hetero)aliphatic, (hetero)aromatic, and (hetero)cycloaliphatic polyamines, polyamidoamines, polyaminoamides, and also polycarboxylic acids and their anhydrides.
- the curable pre-polymer composition comprises an unsaturated polyester resin in some preferred embodiments.
- these unsaturated polyesters are the reaction product of unsaturated mono- or dibasic acids with difunctional alcohols used in the manufacture of the aforementioned unsaturated polyester.
- Suitable examples of a,[3-unsaturated dibasic acids are maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and itaconic anhydride.
- Suitable dibasic acids are phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, halogenated phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydroterephthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, 1 ,12-dodecane dicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, 4,4'- biphenyldicarboxylic acid, as well as dialkylesters of the aforementioned, and the like.
- Suitable monobasic acids include benzoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and the like, including combinations thereof.
- suitable multifunctional alcohols are polyhydric alcohols which include, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, 2-methyl-1 ,3-propane diol, 1 ,3-butane diol, neopentylglycol, bisphenol A hydroxide, 1 ,4-butane diol, adduct of bisphenol A and propylene oxide or ethylene oxide, 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutane, glycerin, trimethylol propane, 1 ,3-propane diol, 1 ,2-cyclohexane glycol, 1 ,3-cyclohexane glycol, 1 ,4-cyclohexane glycol, 1 ,4-cyclohexane dimethanol, paraxylene glycol, dicyclohexyl-4, 4'-diol, 2,6-de
- Monohydric alcohols include benzyl alcohol, hydroxy(dicyclopentadiene), cyclohexyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
- the curable prepolymer composition may comprise other ingredients which are typically present in such compositions. Examples of such ingredients include organic or inorganic particulate fillers, pigments, dispersants or dispersing aids, stabilizers, such as UV stabilizers, and fibers.
- Unsaturated polyester resins are typically used in combination or admixture with ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomers, it is possible to use any ethylenically unsaturated monomer and ethylenically unsaturated oligomer conventionally used in unsaturated polyester resins, which can crosslink with an unsaturated polyester.
- the ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer is preferably a monomer containing a vinyl group.
- one of a (meth)acrylate group, styryl group, allyl group and vinylether group Preferably, one of a (meth)acrylate group, styryl group, allyl group and vinylether group.
- vinyl monomer examples include alpha-methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, divinylbenzene, t-butylstyrene, vinyltoluene, vinyl acetate, diallylphthalate, triallylcyanurate, acrylic esters, (meth)acrylic esters, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, i-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol monomethylether (
- the curable pre-polymer (A) comprises or consists of dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resin.
- Dicyclopentadiene is a chemical compound with formula C10H12.
- the IUPAC name is Tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2i6 ]deca-3,8-diene. At room temperature, it is a white brittle wax, although lower purity samples can be straw-colored liquids.
- Dicyclopentadiene is co-produced in large quantities in the steam cracking of naphtha and gas oils to ethylene. The major use is in resins.
- Dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resins are unsaturated polyester resins which have been modified with DCPD.
- dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resins are unsaturated polyester resins as described above, and which are mixed with DCPD.
- the DCPD serves as a reactive diluent for the unsaturated polyester resin.
- DCDP can partly or entirely replace styrene or other vinyl monomers as reactive diluent.
- the DCPD modified unsaturated polyester resin generally comprises DCPD in a range of 2 to 15 % by weight, preferably 3 to 10 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the unsaturated polyester resin without DCPD.
- DCPD participates in the radical curing reaction of the unsaturated polyester resin upon curing.
- dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resins are unsaturated polyester resins, wherein DCPD is chemically linked to the unsaturated polyester resin.
- the following methods for incorporating dicyclopentadiene into an unsaturated polyester are mentioned by way of example.
- the anhydride method has been known wherein the pre-formed Diels-Alder adduct of dicyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride is reacted with further amounts of maleic anhydride, optionally other di- or polycarboxylic acids, and a glycol in a polyesterification reaction.
- Another method involves reacting a mixture of maleic anhydride, dicyclopentadiene and a glycol, followed by polyesterifying.
- Yet another known method consists of pre-reacting maleic anhydride and glycol to obtain an esteracid prior to reaction with dicyclopentadiene, followed by polyesterification.
- a further known method involves polyesterification of maleic anhydride and a glycol, followed by subsequent reaction with dicyclopentadiene.
- a still further method involves the formation of maleic acid half ester of dicyclopentyl alcohol by reaction of maleic acid, formed for example by hydrolysis of maleic anhydride by water, and DCPD. The intermediate is then reacted with further alcohols and carboxylic acids to form an unsaturated polyester.
- the methods relating to the second embodiment are described in US 4233432.
- dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resins are unsaturated polyester resins according to the second embodiment, which are mixed with DCPD and wherein DCPD serves as a reactive diluent for the unsaturated polyester resin, as described for the first embodiment.
- the composition of the invention further comprises a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising or consisting of repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group.
- Polymer (B) of the composition is a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C. This facilitates the mixing of polymer (B) with the curable pre-polymer. In typical embodiments, polymer (B) is dissolved in the curable pre-polymer or forms a homogeneous mixture with it.
- Polymer (B) being a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C further eliminates the need to use volatile organic solvents to dissolve polymer (B).
- polymer (B) may also be dissolved in a suitable organic solvent prior to mixing it with the curable pre-polymer.
- polymer (B) may also be dissolved in a reactive diluent, which cures together with the curable pre-polymer.
- polymer (B) is a graft polymer having a polymer main chain.
- the polymer main chain comprises repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers.
- the polymer main chain generally is a linear polymer chain or is essentially linear.
- the polymer main chain further comprises repeating units of polymerized units of mono-unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers. Such repeating units may be present in the polymer main chain in an amount of 0 to 30 mol-%, preferably 0 to 20 mol-%, calculated on the total number of repeating units.
- the polymer main chain of polymer (B) consists of repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers.
- Said di-unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers may be conjugated dienes or unconjugated dienes.
- suitable dienes include isoprene (2-methyl-1 ,3-butadiene), butadiene (1 ,3-butadiene), 1 ,5-cyclooctadiene, piperylene, dimethylbutadiene, 2-methylpentadiene, 2-ethylhexadiene, and norbornadiene.
- polymer (B) has a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized units of butadiene or isoprene or mixtures thereof.
- US 6437205 B describes a process for the preparation of low molecular weight high cis-1 ,4 polybutadienes using specific catalysts.
- the catalyst system comprises: (a) a neodymium- containing compound; (b) an aluminoxane; (c) an organoaluminum hydride compound; and (d) a halide source.
- US 3312752 describes a process for producing liquid polydienes from the polymerization of a conjugated 1 ,3-diene monomer in an inert solvent in the presence of a vinyl cycloolefin and catalytic quantities of a nickel compound and an aluminum halide compound.
- a polybutadiene polymer consists of a typical distribution between different stereounits: 1 ,4-cis configuration, 1 ,4-trans configuration and 1 ,2- vinyl configuration.
- Preferred polymers have a high content of 1 ,4-cis double bonds and a low content of 1 ,2-vinyl double bonds.
- Suitable polymers for the polymer main chain are commercially available from various sources, such as from Kuraray under the trade designations LBR-302, LBR-305, LBR-307, LIR-30, LIR-50, LIR-390, from Synthomer under the trade designation LitheneTM, from Evonik under the trade designation Polyvest®, from Nippon Soda company under the trade designation NISSO-PB, and from Cray Valley under the trade designation Ricon®.
- the polymer main chain of polymer (B) is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group.
- Suitable monomers for grafting are all ethylenically unsaturated monomers capable of undergoing a grafting reaction under the influence of free radicals.
- polymer (B) is grafted with monomers comprising at least one of maleic anhydride, maleic acid, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, such as hydroxy ethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 4- hydroxybutyl methacrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated monoamine, such a oleylamine (1-Amino-9-octadecen), mono-ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, such as vinylaromatic compounds, in particular styrene, alpha-olefins, di-C 2 to C 8 alkyl fumarate, and di-C 2 to C 8 alkyl maleate, mono-C 2 to C 8 alkyl fumarate, and mono-C 2 to C 8 alkyl maleate
- Suitable grafting monomers are allylethers, in particular mono allylethers of diols, for example ethyleneglycol monoallylether, and monoallylether of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol.
- allylethers in particular mono allylethers of diols, for example ethyleneglycol monoallylether, and monoallylether of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol.
- vinyl-functional heterocyclic compounds such as 5-Methyl- 3-vinyl-2-oxazolidinone.
- Polymer (B) can suitably be obtained by using commercially available polymers comprising or consisting of repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons, and grafting these polymers with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group.
- the polymers comprising or consisting of repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons suitably have a weight average molecular weight Mw in the range of 5000 to 25000 g/mol. It is preferred, that these polymers are liquid at a temperature of 23 °C.
- the grafting process is suitably carried out in the presence of a radical generating agent and the above-mentioned monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group.
- radical generating agents are peroxides and diazo compounds.
- the temperature during the grafting process is suitably controlled within a range that ensures generation of radicals from the radical generating agent.
- the grafting process is carried out in a suitable organic solvent.
- polymer (B) comprises grafted monomers in the range of 0.5 to 60.0 % by weight, calculated on the total weight of polymer (B). If the content of grafted monomers is outside this range, the technical advantages of the composition of the invention, such a de-foaming property, may not be fully achieved.
- polymer (B) comprises grafted monomers in the range of 1.0 to 55.0 % by weight, more preferred 2 to 40 % by weight, calculated on the total weight of polymer (B).
- Polymer (B) generally has a number average molecular weight Mn in the range of 2000 g/mol to 50000 g/mol, preferably 2000 to 40000 g/mol, most preferably in the range of 3000 to 25000 g/mol.
- the number average molecular weight is suitably determined by gel-permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofuran as eluent and polystyrene as calibration standard.
- the number average molecular weight of polymer (B) exceeds the above-mentioned values, it may be a solid, which detracts from dissolving it in the curable pre-polymer.
- the technical advantages, such a defoaming property may not be fully achieved.
- polymer (B) is generally present in an amount of 0.005 to 1 .000 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the curable pre-polymer (A).
- polymer is present in the above-mentioned about, satisfactory anti-foaming properties of the composition are generally obtained.
- polymer (B) is used in lower amounts, the anti-foaming properties may be less than sufficient.
- Higher amounts of polymer (B) can be used. However, a further improvement of anti-foaming properties is not generally obtained by higher amounts of polymer (B).
- polymer (B) is present in an amount of 0.050 to 0.800 % by weight, more preferred 0.0800 to 0.700 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the curable pre-polymer (A).
- anti-foaming and “defoaming” relate to the prevention of foam formation, as well as to improved release of foam in a composition.
- the composition of the invention also exhibits decreased shrinkage upon curing of the curable pre-polymer. Shrinkage during curing of a pre-polymer is undesirable, as it can cause surface defects of the cured objects, as well as dimensional inaccuracy of shaped parts, and reduced mechanical properties due to internal in the cured material.
- the curable prepolymer is an unsaturated polyester resin or a dicyclopentadiene resin, or a combination thereof.
- polymer (B) is generally applied in higher amounts than required for de-foaming properties. Therefore, in some preferred embodiments of the composition of the invention, the curable pre-polymer (A) comprises at least one of unsaturated polyester resin and dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resin, and polymer (B) is present in an amount of 5.000 to 30.000 % by weight, preferably 7.000 to 25.000 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the curable pre-polymer (A).
- composition of the invention comprises a low amount of volatile organic solvents.
- Volatile organic solvents are organic compounds having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 °C measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa.
- Volatile organic solvents can evaporate during handling and curing of the composition and generally can pose environmental and safety hazards.
- composition of the invention preferably comprises volatile organic solvents in an amount of 0.0 to 8.0 % by weight, preferably 0.0 to 5.0 % by weight, more preferably 0.0 to 3.0 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the composition.
- the invention is based on the finding that a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group reduces foam formation in curable pre-polymer compositions and/or increases the decomposition of foam in curable prepolymer compositions.
- the invention further relates to the use of a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group as de-foaming agent for a curable pre-polymer (A); wherein polymer (B) is a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C.
- a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group reduces shrinkage upon curing of curable pre-polymer compositions.
- the invention relates to the use of a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di- unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group for reducing shrinkage during curing of a curable pre-polymer, wherein polymer (B) is a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C.
- the curable pre-polymer (A) comprises or consists of at least one of unsaturated polyester resin and dicyclopentadiene resin. It is further preferred, that in such embodiments polymer (B) is present in an amount of 5.000 to 30.000 % by weight, preferably 7.000 to 25.000 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the curable pre-polymer (A).
- the invention further relates to a process of improving the de-foaming characteristics of a curable pre-polymer (A), comprising adding to the curable pre-polymer (A) a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group.
- the number-average and weight-average molecular weights and the molecular weight distribution were determined according to DIN 55672-1 :2007-08 at 40°C using a high-pressure liquid chromatography pump (WATERS 600 HPLC pump) and a refractive index detector (Waters 410).
- WATERS 600 HPLC pump high-pressure liquid chromatography pump
- Waters 410 refractive index detector
- a combination of 3 Styragel columns from WATERS with a size of 300 mm x 7.8 mm ID/column, a particle size of 5 pm and pore sizes HR4, HR2 and HR1 was used as separating columns.
- the eluent used for the copolymers was Tetrahydrofuran p.A. filtered through a 0.2pm membrane filter with an elution rate of 1 ml/min.
- the conventional calibration was carried out using Polystyrene standards. Molecular weights reported and referred to in this document always have the unit g/mol.
- Test System 2 One foil with the dimensions 40cm*30cm and a smaller one 40cm*27cm was prepared for each sample. To 49 g of Resin Palatal P4-010 0,5g Accelerator NL-49P (Cobalt 1%) was added stirred by hand until the mixture was homogeneous. Afterwards x% of the test substance (amount and description: see Table 4) was added as well. The mixture was stirred by hand until the mixture was homogeneous. Afterwards, 1 g of Butanox M50 was added.
- This mixture was stirred using a dissolver (Pendraulik TD 100, Dissolver plate diameter: 40 ⁇ 10 mm) for 30 seconds ⁇ 10 seconds with a speed of 4660 rpm ⁇ 50 rpm to create foam. 50 g ⁇ 1g of the final mixture was transferred to the prepared foil (40cm*30cm). After 30 s of self-de-aeration the sample was covered with the smaller foil (40cm*27cm)
- the samples were cut into sheets of 10cm*10cm. Afterwards they are rated with marks from 1 (very good defoaming properties, no air bubbles) to 5 (poor defoaming properties, massive amount of air bubbles). Also, transparency was rated with marks from 1 (very good haze properties, clear) to 5 (poor haze properties, cloudy).
- the samples were cut into sheets of 10cm*10cm. Afterwards they are rated with marks from 1 (very good defoaming properties, no air bubbles) to 5 (poor defoaming properties, massive amount of air bubbles). Also, transparency was rated with marks from 1 (very good haze properties, clear) to 5 (poor haze properties, cloudy).
Abstract
The invention relates to a composition comprising a) a curable pre-polymer (A), and b) a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising or consisting of repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group, wherein polymer (B) is a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C.
Description
PRE-POLYMER COMPOSITION WITH IMPROVED PROPERTIES
The invention relates to a composition comprising a curable pre-polymer, to the use of a polymer having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group as de-foaming agent and for reducing shrinkage, and to a process of improving the de-foaming characteristics of a curable pre-polymer.
In many industrial processes, foaming is an important problem. De-foaming or anti-foaming agents are known. A defoamer or an anti-foaming agent is a chemical additive that reduces and hinders the formation of foam in industrial process liquids. The terms de-foaming agent and anti-foaming agents are often used interchangeably. Commonly used de-foaming agents are insoluble oils, polydimethylsiloxanes and other silicones, certain alcohols, stearates and glycols. De-foaming agents based on small scale particles like ureas are known as well. The additives are generally used to prevent formation of foam, or they are added to break a foam already formed.
US 8309648 B2 relates to a silicone free defoamer for solvent-based coatings. The defoamer formulation comprises a graft copolymer having a polymer main chain consisting of repeating units of polymerized mono-functional ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The polymer main chain is grafted with monomers selected from (meth)acrylates, styrene, and vinyl acetate.
EP 0221755 B1 relates to a process for producing a polyamide. The process comprises polymerizing a polyamide monomer in the presence of a low amount of a modified hydrocarbon polymer bearing at least one type of group selected from carboxyl, carboxylic acid derivative, amino- and hydroxyl group. The hydrocarbon polymer is a homopolymer or copolymer of an alphaolefin, or a hydrogenated homopolymer or copolymer of a diene.
The production of de-foaming agents and compositions is often costly, and the use of de-foaming agents contributes to the overall costs of curable pre-polymer compositions. The inclusion of defoaming agents also increases the complexity of the overall recipe of curable pre-polymer compositions and the risk of unpredictable interactions between components.
There is an ongoing need for further de-foaming agents for curable pre-polymer compositions which address the above-mentioned problems. In particular, the agents should provide good defoaming properties or prevent the formation of foam, while not detracting from other desirable properties, such as the clarity or absence of turbidity of the compositions. The de-foaming agents should also be suitable for different types of pre-polymer compositions, in particular for pre-
polymer compositions comprising dicyclopentadiene resin, which so far have been found difficult to provide with acceptable de-foaming properties. Furthermore, it is desirable that the de-foaming agent provides other desirable properties, such as reduced shrinkage of the curable pre-polymer compositions upon curing.
The invention provides a composition comprising a) a curable pre-polymer (A), and b) a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising or consisting of repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group, wherein polymer (B) is a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C.
The composition of the invention has good de-foaming properties or prevent the formation of foam, while not detracting from other desirable properties, such as the clarity or absence of turbidity of the compositions. These properties are attainable with a large variety of different types of prepolymers. Furthermore, it has been found that in some embodiments the compositions of the invention exhibit reduced shrinkage of the curable pre-polymer compositions upon curing.
Curable pre-polymer compositions are applied in different areas, for example as casting resins, in the manufacture of composite materials, such as fiber reinforced materials, and in the manufacture of laminates. The curable pre-polymer composition is a liquid or viscous composition comprising monomeric or oligomeric molecules having functional groups. The functional groups are capable of chemical reactions to increase the molecular weight of the monomeric or oligomeric molecules. These reactions thus lead to a cured polymer which generally is solid. The cured polymer may be crosslinked or non-crosslinked. The chemical reaction of the functional groups may be triggered in various ways.
In some embodiments, the curable pre-polymer composition is provided as a two- or more component composition, wherein the components comprise mutually reactive functional groups which are mixed prior to use. Examples include epoxide groups, which are reactive with amine groups, hydroxyl groups, or carboxylic acid groups; isocyanate groups which are reactive with amine, hydroxyl, or thiol groups; and electron deficient ethylenically unsaturated groups which are
reactive with amine groups or thiol groups. In a further embodiment, the functional groups are radically polymerizable functional groups. In that case, the curing reaction is a radical polymerization reaction which can triggered by radical generating initiators, such as peroxides, or by actinic radiation, such as UV radiation or electron beam radiation, or by combinations thereof. In a specific embodiment, the curable pre-polymer composition comprises an unsaturated polyester base and a polymerizable monomer diluent, such as styrene or an acrylic or methacrylic monomer. In a further embodiment, the curable pre-polymer composition comprises a dicyclopentadiene resin. In still further embodiments, the curable pre-polymer composition comprises a curable silicone or a curable phenolic resin, epoxy(meth)acrylate resin, and urethane (meth)acrylate resin.
In preferred embodiments, the curable pre-polymer (A) comprises at least one of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, and dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resin.
Examples of suitable epoxide resins include diepoxides. Suitable diepoxides are compounds having two epoxide groups. Preferred diepoxides are diglcidylethers of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Such diglycidylethers are commercially available. They are suitably formed by reacting reactive phenols or alcohols with epichlorohydrin. Alternatively, diepoxides can be prepared by epoxidation reaction of compounds having two olefinic double bonds. Preferably the diepoxides used in the present invention are selected from the group consisting of glycidyl ethers, like bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, hydrogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, hydrogenated bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, oligomeric and polymeric diglycidylethers based on bisphenol A and/or Bisphenol F and/or hydrogenated bisphenol A and/or hydrogenated Bisphenol F, 1 ,3-propane-, 1 ,4-butane- or 1 ,6-hexanediol -diglycidyl ether and polyalkylenoxide glycidyl ether; glycidyl esters, like hexahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester; cycloaliphatic epoxides, like 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl-epoxyethane or 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxy-cyclohexane carboxylate.
Examples of suitable monoepoxides include epoxidized olefins, glycidylethers of monoalcohols, and glycidylesters. Specific compounds include aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and/or araliphatic glycidyl ether, glycidyl ester and olefin oxides like C1 -C20- alkyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, cresyl glycidyl ether, naphthyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, p-tert.-butyl-phenyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethyl-hexyl glycidyl ether, C12-C14-glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, 2,3- epoxypropylneodecanoate (Cardura® E 10, Resolution Performance Products), C4-C20-olefine oxides like 1 ,2-octene oxide, 1 ,2-nonene oxide, 1 ,2-undecene oxide, 1 ,2-dodecene oxide, 1 ,2-
octadecene oxide, 4-methyl-1 ,2-pentene oxide, 1 ,2-butene oxide, propene oxide, ethylene oxide, styrene oxide, butadiene monoxide, isoprene monoxide, cyclopentene oxide and/or 2-ethyl-1 ,2- butene oxide.
Examples of suitable curing agents for epoxide resins are polyamines, more particularly (hetero)aliphatic, (hetero)aromatic, and (hetero)cycloaliphatic polyamines, polyamidoamines, polyaminoamides, and also polycarboxylic acids and their anhydrides.
As mentioned above, the curable pre-polymer composition comprises an unsaturated polyester resin in some preferred embodiments. Typically, these unsaturated polyesters are the reaction product of unsaturated mono- or dibasic acids with difunctional alcohols used in the manufacture of the aforementioned unsaturated polyester. Suitable examples of a,[3-unsaturated dibasic acids are maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and itaconic anhydride.
Suitable dibasic acids are phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, halogenated phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydroterephthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, 1 ,12-dodecane dicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, 4,4'- biphenyldicarboxylic acid, as well as dialkylesters of the aforementioned, and the like.
Suitable monobasic acids include benzoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and the like, including combinations thereof.
Examples for suitable multifunctional alcohols are polyhydric alcohols which include, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, 2-methyl-1 ,3-propane diol, 1 ,3-butane diol, neopentylglycol, bisphenol A hydroxide, 1 ,4-butane diol, adduct of bisphenol A and propylene oxide or ethylene oxide, 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutane, glycerin, trimethylol propane, 1 ,3-propane diol, 1 ,2-cyclohexane glycol, 1 ,3-cyclohexane glycol, 1 ,4-cyclohexane glycol, 1 ,4-cyclohexane dimethanol, paraxylene glycol, dicyclohexyl-4, 4'-diol, 2,6-decalin glycol, 2,7-decalin glycol, and mixtures thereof. Monohydric alcohols include benzyl alcohol, hydroxy(dicyclopentadiene), cyclohexyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
In addition to the monomeric or oligomeric molecules having functional groups, the curable prepolymer composition may comprise other ingredients which are typically present in such compositions. Examples of such ingredients include organic or inorganic particulate fillers, pigments, dispersants or dispersing aids, stabilizers, such as UV stabilizers, and fibers.
Unsaturated polyester resins are typically used in combination or admixture with ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomers, it is possible to use any ethylenically unsaturated monomer and ethylenically unsaturated oligomer conventionally used in unsaturated polyester resins, which can crosslink with an unsaturated polyester. The ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer is preferably a monomer containing a vinyl group. Preferably, one of a (meth)acrylate group, styryl group, allyl group and vinylether group.
Examples of the aforementioned vinyl monomer include alpha-methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, divinylbenzene, t-butylstyrene, vinyltoluene, vinyl acetate, diallylphthalate, triallylcyanurate, acrylic esters, (meth)acrylic esters, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, i-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol monomethylether (meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol monoethylether (meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol monobutylether (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol monohexylether (meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol mono-2- ethylhexylether (meth)acrylate, propylene glycol monomethylether (meth)acrylate, propylene glycol monoethylether, propylene glycol monobutylether (meth)acrylate, (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol monohexylether (meth)acrylate, propylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexylether (meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol di(meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta(meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, N-vinylpyrolidone and the like. These aforementioned monomers may be used alone or in combination.
In a preferred embodiment, the curable pre-polymer (A) comprises or consists of dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resin.
Dicyclopentadiene, abbreviated DCPD, is a chemical compound with formula C10H12. The IUPAC name is Tricyclo[5.2.1.02i6]deca-3,8-diene. At room temperature, it is a white brittle wax, although
lower purity samples can be straw-colored liquids. Dicyclopentadiene is co-produced in large quantities in the steam cracking of naphtha and gas oils to ethylene. The major use is in resins.
Dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resins are unsaturated polyester resins which have been modified with DCPD.
In a first embodiment, dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resins are unsaturated polyester resins as described above, and which are mixed with DCPD. In this case, the DCPD serves as a reactive diluent for the unsaturated polyester resin. DCDP can partly or entirely replace styrene or other vinyl monomers as reactive diluent. In this case, the DCPD modified unsaturated polyester resin generally comprises DCPD in a range of 2 to 15 % by weight, preferably 3 to 10 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the unsaturated polyester resin without DCPD. In this embodiment, DCPD participates in the radical curing reaction of the unsaturated polyester resin upon curing.
In a second embodiment, dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resins are unsaturated polyester resins, wherein DCPD is chemically linked to the unsaturated polyester resin. The following methods for incorporating dicyclopentadiene into an unsaturated polyester are mentioned by way of example. The anhydride method has been known wherein the pre-formed Diels-Alder adduct of dicyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride is reacted with further amounts of maleic anhydride, optionally other di- or polycarboxylic acids, and a glycol in a polyesterification reaction. Another method involves reacting a mixture of maleic anhydride, dicyclopentadiene and a glycol, followed by polyesterifying. Yet another known method consists of pre-reacting maleic anhydride and glycol to obtain an esteracid prior to reaction with dicyclopentadiene, followed by polyesterification. A further known method involves polyesterification of maleic anhydride and a glycol, followed by subsequent reaction with dicyclopentadiene. A still further method involves the formation of maleic acid half ester of dicyclopentyl alcohol by reaction of maleic acid, formed for example by hydrolysis of maleic anhydride by water, and DCPD. The intermediate is then reacted with further alcohols and carboxylic acids to form an unsaturated polyester. The methods relating to the second embodiment are described in US 4233432.
In a third embodiment, dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resins are unsaturated polyester resins according to the second embodiment, which are mixed with DCPD and wherein DCPD serves as a reactive diluent for the unsaturated polyester resin, as described for the first embodiment.
The composition of the invention further comprises a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising or consisting of repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group.
Polymer (B) of the composition is a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C. This facilitates the mixing of polymer (B) with the curable pre-polymer. In typical embodiments, polymer (B) is dissolved in the curable pre-polymer or forms a homogeneous mixture with it.
Polymer (B) being a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C further eliminates the need to use volatile organic solvents to dissolve polymer (B). However, if so desired polymer (B) may also be dissolved in a suitable organic solvent prior to mixing it with the curable pre-polymer. Alternatively, polymer (B) may also be dissolved in a reactive diluent, which cures together with the curable pre-polymer.
As mentioned above, polymer (B) is a graft polymer having a polymer main chain. The polymer main chain comprises repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers. The polymer main chain generally is a linear polymer chain or is essentially linear.
In some embodiments, the polymer main chain further comprises repeating units of polymerized units of mono-unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers. Such repeating units may be present in the polymer main chain in an amount of 0 to 30 mol-%, preferably 0 to 20 mol-%, calculated on the total number of repeating units. In other embodiments, the polymer main chain of polymer (B) consists of repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers.
Said di-unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers may be conjugated dienes or unconjugated dienes. Examples of suitable dienes include isoprene (2-methyl-1 ,3-butadiene), butadiene (1 ,3-butadiene), 1 ,5-cyclooctadiene, piperylene, dimethylbutadiene, 2-methylpentadiene, 2-ethylhexadiene, and norbornadiene. It is preferred, that polymer (B) has a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized units of butadiene or isoprene or mixtures thereof.
The preparation of polymers for the polymer main chain is known from the state of the art. US 6437205 B describes a process for the preparation of low molecular weight high cis-1 ,4 polybutadienes using specific catalysts. The catalyst system comprises: (a) a neodymium- containing compound; (b) an aluminoxane; (c) an organoaluminum hydride compound; and (d) a halide source.
US 3312752 describes a process for producing liquid polydienes from the polymerization of a conjugated 1 ,3-diene monomer in an inert solvent in the presence of a vinyl cycloolefin and catalytic quantities of a nickel compound and an aluminum halide compound.
Depending on the polymerization process, a polybutadiene polymer consists of a typical distribution between different stereounits: 1 ,4-cis configuration, 1 ,4-trans configuration and 1 ,2- vinyl configuration. Preferred polymers have a high content of 1 ,4-cis double bonds and a low content of 1 ,2-vinyl double bonds.
Suitable polymers for the polymer main chain are commercially available from various sources, such as from Kuraray under the trade designations LBR-302, LBR-305, LBR-307, LIR-30, LIR-50, LIR-390, from Synthomer under the trade designation Lithene™, from Evonik under the trade designation Polyvest®, from Nippon Soda company under the trade designation NISSO-PB, and from Cray Valley under the trade designation Ricon®.
The polymer main chain of polymer (B) is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group. Suitable monomers for grafting are all ethylenically unsaturated monomers capable of undergoing a grafting reaction under the influence of free radicals.
In preferred embodiments, polymer (B) is grafted with monomers comprising at least one of maleic anhydride, maleic acid, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, such as hydroxy ethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 4- hydroxybutyl methacrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated monoamine, such a oleylamine (1-Amino-9-octadecen), mono-ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, such as vinylaromatic compounds, in particular styrene, alpha-olefins, di-C2 to C8 alkyl fumarate, and di-C2 to C8 alkyl maleate, mono-C2 to C8 alkyl fumarate, and mono-C2 to C8 alkyl maleate. Other suitable grafting monomers are allylethers, in particular mono allylethers of diols, for example ethyleneglycol monoallylether, and monoallylether of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol. Also suitable are vinyl-functional heterocyclic compounds, such as 5-Methyl- 3-vinyl-2-oxazolidinone.
Polymer (B) can suitably be obtained by using commercially available polymers comprising or consisting of repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons, and grafting these
polymers with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group. The polymers comprising or consisting of repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons suitably have a weight average molecular weight Mw in the range of 5000 to 25000 g/mol. It is preferred, that these polymers are liquid at a temperature of 23 °C. The grafting process is suitably carried out in the presence of a radical generating agent and the above-mentioned monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group. Examples of suitable radical generating agents are peroxides and diazo compounds. The temperature during the grafting process is suitably controlled within a range that ensures generation of radicals from the radical generating agent. In some embodiments, the grafting process is carried out in a suitable organic solvent.
The amount of grafted monomers in polymer (B) can varied in wide ranges. Generally, polymer (B) comprises grafted monomers in the range of 0.5 to 60.0 % by weight, calculated on the total weight of polymer (B). If the content of grafted monomers is outside this range, the technical advantages of the composition of the invention, such a de-foaming property, may not be fully achieved. In preferred embodiments, polymer (B) comprises grafted monomers in the range of 1.0 to 55.0 % by weight, more preferred 2 to 40 % by weight, calculated on the total weight of polymer (B).
Polymer (B) generally has a number average molecular weight Mn in the range of 2000 g/mol to 50000 g/mol, preferably 2000 to 40000 g/mol, most preferably in the range of 3000 to 25000 g/mol. The number average molecular weight is suitably determined by gel-permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofuran as eluent and polystyrene as calibration standard. When the number average molecular weight of polymer (B) exceeds the above-mentioned values, it may be a solid, which detracts from dissolving it in the curable pre-polymer. When the number average molecular weight of polymer (B) is below the above-mentioned values, the technical advantages, such a defoaming property, may not be fully achieved.
In the composition of the invention polymer (B) is generally present in an amount of 0.005 to 1 .000 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the curable pre-polymer (A). When polymer is present in the above-mentioned about, satisfactory anti-foaming properties of the composition are generally obtained. When polymer (B) is used in lower amounts, the anti-foaming properties may be less than sufficient. Higher amounts of polymer (B) can be used. However, a further improvement of anti-foaming properties is not generally obtained by higher amounts of polymer (B). In preferred embodiments of the composition of the invention polymer (B) is present in an amount of 0.050 to
0.800 % by weight, more preferred 0.0800 to 0.700 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the curable pre-polymer (A).
The terms “anti-foaming” and “defoaming” relate to the prevention of foam formation, as well as to improved release of foam in a composition.
In some embodiments the composition of the invention also exhibits decreased shrinkage upon curing of the curable pre-polymer. Shrinkage during curing of a pre-polymer is undesirable, as it can cause surface defects of the cured objects, as well as dimensional inaccuracy of shaped parts, and reduced mechanical properties due to internal in the cured material.
Reduced shrinkage has been observed in particular for embodiments wherein the curable prepolymer is an unsaturated polyester resin or a dicyclopentadiene resin, or a combination thereof. For anti-shrinking properties, polymer (B) is generally applied in higher amounts than required for de-foaming properties. Therefore, in some preferred embodiments of the composition of the invention, the curable pre-polymer (A) comprises at least one of unsaturated polyester resin and dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resin, and polymer (B) is present in an amount of 5.000 to 30.000 % by weight, preferably 7.000 to 25.000 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the curable pre-polymer (A).
It is generally preferred that the composition of the invention comprises a low amount of volatile organic solvents. Volatile organic solvents are organic compounds having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 °C measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa.
Volatile organic solvents can evaporate during handling and curing of the composition and generally can pose environmental and safety hazards.
The composition of the invention preferably comprises volatile organic solvents in an amount of 0.0 to 8.0 % by weight, preferably 0.0 to 5.0 % by weight, more preferably 0.0 to 3.0 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the composition.
The invention is based on the finding that a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group reduces foam formation in curable pre-polymer compositions and/or increases the decomposition of foam in curable prepolymer compositions. Therefore, the invention further relates to the use of a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and
which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group as de-foaming agent for a curable pre-polymer (A); wherein polymer (B) is a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C.
It has further been found that a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group reduces shrinkage upon curing of curable pre-polymer compositions. Therefore, in a further embodiment the invention relates to the use of a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di- unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group for reducing shrinkage during curing of a curable pre-polymer, wherein polymer (B) is a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C.
In such embodiments, it is preferred that the curable pre-polymer (A) comprises or consists of at least one of unsaturated polyester resin and dicyclopentadiene resin. It is further preferred, that in such embodiments polymer (B) is present in an amount of 5.000 to 30.000 % by weight, preferably 7.000 to 25.000 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the curable pre-polymer (A).
The invention further relates to a process of improving the de-foaming characteristics of a curable pre-polymer (A), comprising adding to the curable pre-polymer (A) a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group.
Examples
The detailed amounts for each component are summarized in Table 1. For all reactions, butyl acetate was used as solvent, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate was used as initiator and 2,6-di- tert-butyl-4-methylphenol as stabilizer. General grafting procedure:
A four-necked round bottom flask equipped with a condenser, an inert gas inlet, a dropping funnel and a thermo-couple was charged with the liquid polymer and 90 % by weight of the total solvent amount. The mixture was heated to 120°C with a heating mantle. 19.5% by weight of the total initiator amount were added and a mixture of 10 % by weight of the total solvent amount, 61 .0% by weight of the total initiator amount and the complete monomer amount were metered into the reaction mixture over a period of 3h. The reaction temperature was held for 0.5h. Further 19.5% by weight of the total initiator amount were added and the mixture stirred at 120°C for 1 h. The stabilizer was added. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure at elevated temperatures (130°C, 30 mbar) to yield the final product.
GPC-analysis of the prepared polymers:
The determination of the molecular weight distribution, molecular weight averages Mw; Mn; Mp and polydispersity (Mw/Mn)Gpc were done by GPC according to DIN 55672 part 1 :
The number-average and weight-average molecular weights and the molecular weight distribution were determined according to DIN 55672-1 :2007-08 at 40°C using a high-pressure liquid chromatography pump (WATERS 600 HPLC pump) and a refractive index detector (Waters 410). A combination of 3 Styragel columns from WATERS with a size of 300 mm x 7.8 mm ID/column, a particle size of 5 pm and pore sizes HR4, HR2 and HR1 was used as separating columns. The eluent used for the copolymers was Tetrahydrofuran p.A. filtered through a 0.2pm membrane filter with an elution rate of 1 ml/min. The conventional calibration was carried out using Polystyrene standards. Molecular weights reported and referred to in this document always have the unit g/mol.
Table 1 Experimental details for the sample preparation. The amounts are indicated in parts by weight.
The effectiveness of polymer main chain grafted with monomers A1 to A19 summarized above as de-foaming agents was tested in different pre-polymer systems. The raw materials used for testing are mentioned in Table 2 below:
Test System for Air release / Turbidity
Test System 1 :
To 100 g of Araldite GY 784 CH x% of the test substance (amount and description: see Table 3) was added. The mixture was stirred by hand until the mixture was homogeneous. Afterwards, 58.65 g of Hardener ARADUR 43-1 BD. This mixture was stirred using a dissolver (Pendraulik TD 100, Dissolver plate diameter: 40 ± 10 mm) for 30 seconds ± 10 seconds with a speed of 930 rpm ± 50 rpm to create foam. 50 g ± 1g of the final mixture was transferred to a round PE mould (d=115mm, h=7,5mm). After complete curing, the samples were rated with marks from 1 (very good defoaming properties, no air bubbles) to 5 (poor defoaming properties, massive amount of air bubbles). Also haze was rated with marks from 1 (very good haze properties, clear) to 5 (poor haze properties, cloudy).
Table 3
It can be inferred from Table 3 that polymer main chain grafted with monomers used according to the invention in Examples 1 to 42 exhibit very useful de-foaming properties. Comparative examples 43* to 46* demonstrate that the test system is severely or to a certain extent hampered by foam formation when no additive or other additives than those according to the invention are included.
Test System 2: One foil with the dimensions 40cm*30cm and a smaller one 40cm*27cm was prepared for each sample. To 49 g of Resin Palatal P4-010 0,5g Accelerator NL-49P (Cobalt 1%) was added stirred by hand until the mixture was homogeneous. Afterwards x% of the test substance (amount and description: see Table 4) was added as well. The mixture was stirred by hand until the mixture was homogeneous. Afterwards, 1 g of Butanox M50 was added. This mixture was stirred using a dissolver (Pendraulik TD 100, Dissolver plate diameter: 40 ± 10 mm) for 30 seconds ± 10 seconds with a speed of 4660 rpm ± 50 rpm to create foam. 50 g ± 1g of the final mixture was transferred
to the prepared foil (40cm*30cm). After 30 s of self-de-aeration the sample was covered with the smaller foil (40cm*27cm)
After 30 min, the samples were cut into sheets of 10cm*10cm. Afterwards they are rated with marks from 1 (very good defoaming properties, no air bubbles) to 5 (poor defoaming properties, massive amount of air bubbles). Also, transparency was rated with marks from 1 (very good haze properties, clear) to 5 (poor haze properties, cloudy).
It can be inferred from Table 4 that polymer main chain grafted with monomers used according to the invention in Examples 47 to 63 exhibit very useful de-foaming properties. Comparative examples 64* to 66* demonstrate that the test system is severely or to a certain extent hampered by foam formation when no additive or other additives than those according to the invention are included.
Test System 3:
One foil with the dimensions 40cm*30cm and a smaller one 40cm*27cm was prepared for each sample. To 49 g of Resin COR208-824E 0,9g Accelerator NL-49P was added stirred by hand until the mixture was homogeneous. Afterwards x% of the test substance (amount and description: see Table 4) was added as well. The mixture was stirred by hand until the mixture was homogeneous. Afterwards, 0,625 g of Butanox M50 was added. This mixture was stirred using a dissolver (Pendraulik TD 100, Dissolver plate diameter: 40 ± 10 mm) for 30 seconds ± 10 seconds with a speed of 4660 rpm ± 50 rpm to create foam. 50 g ± 1g of the final mixture was transferred to the prepared foil (40cm*30cm). After 30 s of self-de-aeration the sample was covered with the smaller foil (40cm*27cm)
After 30 min, the samples were cut into sheets of 10cm*10cm. Afterwards they are rated with marks from 1 (very good defoaming properties, no air bubbles) to 5 (poor defoaming properties, massive amount of air bubbles). Also, transparency was rated with marks from 1 (very good haze properties, clear) to 5 (poor haze properties, cloudy).
It can be inferred from Table 5 that polymer main chain grafted with monomers used according to the invention in Examples 67 to 78 exhibit very useful de-foaming properties. Comparative examples 79* to 82* demonstrate that the test system is severely hampered by foam formation when no additive or other additives than those according to the invention are included.
Test of Anti-shrink properties
Test System 4:
To 198 g of Resin Palatal P4-0102,0g Accelerator NL-49P (Cobalt 1%) was added stirred by hand until the mixture was homogeneous. Afterwards x% of the test substance (amount and description: see Table 6) was added as well. The mixture was stirred by hand until the mixture was homogeneous. Afterwards, 4,0 g of Butanox M50 was added. This mixture was stirred using a dissolver (Pendraulik TD 100, Dissolver plate diameter: 40 ± 10 mm) for 5 min ± 10 seconds with
a speed of 500 rpm ± 50 rpm to create foam. 180 g ± 1 g of the final mixture was transferred to the prepared mold.
Test System 5:
To 200 g of Resin COR208-824E 3,6g Accelerator NL-49P was added stirred by hand until the mixture was homogeneous. Afterwards x% of the test substance (amount and description: see Table 6) was added as well. The mixture was stirred by hand until the mixture was homogeneous. Afterwards, 2,5 g of Butanox M50 was added. This mixture was stirred using a dissolver (Pendraulik TD 100, Dissolver plate diameter: 40 ± 10 mm) for 30 5 min. ± 10 seconds with a speed of 500 rpm ± 50 rpm to create foam. 180g ± 1g of the final mixture was transferred to the prepared mold.
Test of Anti Shrink:
As casting mold a 18,5 mm x 18,5 mm X 1000,0 mm, Angle 90° was used. Inside the L-shaped aluminum profiles (1) was coated with the release agent Chemiease 41-90 EZ. The open ends were sealed with PP-tape to ensure that the resin does not leak but also does not stick, so that any shrinkage that may occur is not hindered. The cured mixture was poured into the mold. The total difference in length between cast and cured sample is measured with calipers. Afterwards they are rated with marks from 1 (very good anti shrink properties) to 5 (poor anti shrink properties).
It can be inferred from Table 6 that polymer main chain grafted with monomers used according to the invention in examples 83 to 88 and examples 90 to 93 exhibit very useful anti shrink properties in unsaturated polyester and dicyclopentadiene resins. Comparative examples 89* and 94* demonstrate that the test system shows a large degree of shrinkage when no additive is included.
Claims
1 . A composition comprising a) a curable pre-polymer (A), and b) a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising or consisting of repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group, wherein polymer (B) is a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C.
2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the curable pre-polymer (A) comprises at least one of epoxy resin and unsaturated polyester resin.
3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the curable pre-polymer (A) comprises or consists of dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester.
4. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein polymer (B) has a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized units of butadiene or isoprene or mixtures thereof.
5. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein polymer (B) is grafted with monomers comprising at least one of maleic anhydride, maleic acid, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated monoamine, mono-ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, di-C2 to C8 alkyl fumarate, and di-C2 to C8 alkyl maleate, mono-C2 to C8 alkyl fumarate, and mono-C2 to C8 alkyl maleate.
6. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein polymer (B) comprises grafted monomers in the range of 0.5 to 60.0 % by weight, calculated on the total weight of polymer (B).
7. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein polymer (B) is present in an amount of 0.005 to 1 .000 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the curable pre-polymer (A).
8. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, wherein the curable pre-polymer (A) comprises an unsaturated polyester resin or dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resin, and wherein polymer (B) is present in an amount of 5.000 to 30.000 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the curable pre-polymer (A).
9. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein polymer (B) has a number average molecular weight in the range of 2000 g/mol to 50000 g/mol.
The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises volatile organic solvents in an amount of 0.0 to 8.0 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the composition. Use of a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group as de-foaming agent for a curable pre-polymer (A), wherein polymer (B) is a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C. Use of a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group for reducing shrinkage during curing of a curable pre-polymer, wherein polymer (B) is a liquid at a temperature of
23 °C. The use according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the curable pre-polymer (A) comprises or consists of at least one of unsaturated polyester resin and dicyclopentadiene modified unsaturated polyester resin. A process of improving the de-foaming characteristics of a pre-polymer (A), comprising adding to the pre-polymer (A) a polymer (B) having a polymer main chain comprising repeating units of polymerized di-unsaturated hydrocarbons and which polymer main chain is grafted with monomers having one ethylenically unsaturated group wherein polymer (B) is a liquid at a temperature of 23 °C.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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