WO2023237611A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce de détail étanche à l'eau - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce de détail étanche à l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023237611A1
WO2023237611A1 PCT/EP2023/065250 EP2023065250W WO2023237611A1 WO 2023237611 A1 WO2023237611 A1 WO 2023237611A1 EP 2023065250 W EP2023065250 W EP 2023065250W WO 2023237611 A1 WO2023237611 A1 WO 2023237611A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waterproofing
detail part
polymer
digital model
below grade
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2023/065250
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English (en)
Inventor
Roy Z'ROTZ
Patrick HUEPPI
Wilfried Carl
Herbert Ackermann
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Sika Technology Ag
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2023237611A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023237611A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag

Definitions

  • the invention relates to sealing elements for use in waterproofing of below ground structures and to production of such sealing elements using additive manufacturing techniques. Particularly, the invention relates to waterproofing detail parts that are suitable for use in below grade waterproofing.
  • polymeric sheets that are often referred to as membranes, panels, sheets, or liners, are used to protect below and above ground constructions, such as base slabs, walls, floors, basements, decks, plazas, tunnels, wet rooms, building facades, flat and low-sloped roofs, landfills, water-retaining structures, ponds, and dikes against penetration of water.
  • Waterproofing membranes are applied, for example, to prevent ingress of water through cracks that develop in the concrete structure due to building settlement, load deflection or concrete shrinkage.
  • Waterproofing membranes can be “post-applied” to an existing concrete structure, for example, by using adhesive bonding means.
  • fully bonded membrane systems that have been designed to form a permanent adhesive bond to freshly poured concrete after curing are gaining increasing importance in the construction industry. Such systems can prevent ingress of groundwater into basements of buildings and due to the adhesive bond, they can also effectively prevent lateral water migration in case of a locally damaged waterproofing membrane. Since the membrane is placed on an underlying concrete structure or formwork before the concrete structure to be waterproofed has been formed, these types of fully bonded membrane systems are also known as “pre-applied” waterproofing membranes”.
  • a fully bonded membrane system typically comprises a waterproofing barrier layer providing the membrane with required barrier properties against the penetration of water and at least one further layer that is operative to form a permanent bond to a fresh cementitious composition, particularly a fresh concrete composition.
  • various detailing parts such as corner and penetration cover elements, are needed for waterproofing of below grade (ground) structures.
  • the detailing parts have to be connected to other parts of the waterproofing system, particularly to the waterproofing membranes, to create a continuous waterproofing shield. It is generally preferred to bond the detailing parts to waterproofing membranes by heat-welding, but another bonding technique might be also used, for example, adhesive bonding and/or clamping. Since joining of the parts by heatwelding is preferred, the detail parts are typically prepared from material of the waterproofing membranes.
  • a pre-applied waterproofing membrane is disclosed in a published patent application WO 2010043661 A1.
  • the disclosed membrane includes a barrier layer and a composite layer, for example, a layer of non-woven fabric, which is affixed to the barrier layer via a sealant layer, such as a layer of hot-melt adhesive.
  • EP2533974 B1 discloses another type of pre-applied waterproofing membrane comprising a barrier layer, a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive, and a strewed particle-based layer to the reduce the tackiness and protect the adhesive layer from impact of UV-radiation.
  • the above-mentioned pre-applied waterproofing membranes art are not monolithic systems.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a 3D printing process whereby a waterproofing detail part (12) is printed with a 3D printer (7) based on the digital model (10) of the waterproofing detail part (12).
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a below ground structure with a corner element (1) whereby the corner element (1) is scanned with a 3D scanner (3) for obtaining a digital model (6) of the corner element (1).
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a basement structure after the waterproofing detail part (12) has been installed on the corner element (1) and bonded to the waterproofing membrane (2) in order to produce a watertight connection between the waterproofing detail part (12) and the waterproofing membrane (2).
  • polymer refers to a collective of chemically uniform macromolecules produced by a polyreaction (polymerization, polyaddition, polycondensation) of monomers of same of different type where the macromolecules differ with respect to their degree of polymerization, molecular weight, and chain length.
  • the term also encompasses derivatives of said collective of macromolecules resulting from polyreactions, that is, compounds which are obtained by reactions such as, for example, additions or substitutions, of functional groups in predetermined macromolecules and which may be chemically uniform or chemically non-uniform.
  • melting temperature refers to a temperature at which a material undergoes transition from the solid to the liquid state.
  • the melting temperature (Tm) is preferably determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to ISO 11357-3 standard using a heating rate of 2 °C/min. The measurements can be performed with a Mettler Toledo DSC 3+ device and the Tm values can be determined from the measured DSC-curve with the help of the DSC-software. In case the measured DSC-curve shows several peak temperatures, the first peak temperature coming from the lower temperature side in the thermogram is taken as the melting temperature (Tm).
  • glass transition temperature refers to the temperature above which temperature a polymer component becomes soft and pliable, and below which it becomes hard and glassy.
  • the glass transition temperature (T g ) is preferably determined by dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) as the peak of the measured loss modulus (G”) curve using an applied frequency of 1 Hz and a strain level of 0.1 %.
  • the “amount or content of at least one component X” in a composition refers to the sum of the individual amounts of all polymers P contained in the composition. Furthermore, in case the composition comprises 20 wt.-% of at least one polymer P, the sum of the amounts of all polymers P contained in the composition equals 20 wt.-%.
  • AM additive manufacturing
  • additive manufacturing processes are also referred to using terms such as "generative manufacturing methods" or "3D printing".
  • 3D printing was originally used for an ink jet printing based AM process created by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) during the 1990s.
  • MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • additive manufacturing technologies follow a fundamentally different approach for manufacturing. Particularly, it is possible to change the design for each object, without increasing the manufacturing costs, offering tailor made solutions for a broad range of products.
  • a polymer filament is fed into a moving printer extrusion head, heated past its glass transition, or melting temperature, and then deposited through a heated nozzle of the printer extrusion head as series of layers in a continuous manner. After the deposition, the layer of polymer material solidifies and fuses with the already deposited layers.
  • the printer extrusion head is moved under computer control to define the printed shape based on control data calculated from the digital model of the 3D article.
  • the digital model of the 3D article is first converted to a STL file to tessellate the 3D shape and slice it into digital layers.
  • the STL file is then transferred to the 3D printer using custom machine software.
  • a control system such as a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software package, is used to transform the STL file into control data, which is used for controlling the printing process.
  • CAM computer-aided manufacturing
  • the printer extrusion head moves in two dimensions to deposit one horizontal plane, or layer, at a time.
  • the formed object and/or the printer extrusion head is then moved vertically by a small amount to start deposition of a new layer.
  • such elements comprise a base plate and at least one portion extending from the base plate.
  • the corner elements typically comprise two wall portions extending from the base plate and forming an angle between 0 and 180°, particularly between 85 and 95 °, with the base plate and with each other.
  • a collar element typically comprises a base plate and a hollow tubular portion extending from the base plate.
  • a wall thickness of the produced waterproofing detail part is 0.1 - 10 mm, preferably 0.5 - 5 mm.
  • Such parts tuned out to be physically stable and watertight while still being flexible enough for installation.
  • waterproofing detail parts with other wall thicknesses may be suitable as well.
  • the thickness of the base plate differs from the thickness of the portions extending from the base plate.
  • the waterproofing detail part is monolithic.
  • monolithic parts there is no risk of leakage caused by weld lines or the like.
  • a monolithic part is much more reliable than a part consisting of several interconnected sections.
  • the detail parts obtained by using the method of the present invention have the advantage that they are compatible with the materials that are typically used for waterproofing of below grade structures, particularly with polymeric waterproofing membranes. Therefore, the waterproofing detail parts can be easily joined by heatwelding with waterproofing membranes to create a continuous waterproofing shield.
  • step i) of the method comprises:
  • the digital model of the waterproofing detail part to be produced is calculated based on a digital model of the below grade element.
  • the term “below grade element” refers in the present disclosure to a portion of any type of below grade structure to be waterproofed, for example base slab, foundation wall, deck, plaza, tunnel, or basement.
  • the digital model of the waterproofing detail part can, for example, be obtained by taking the outer surface of the digital model of the below grade element and generating a surface with negative shape as the inner surface in the digital model of the waterproofing detail part.
  • An outer surface of the digital model of the waterproofing detail part can, for example, be generated by adding a certain wall thickness to the regions behind the inner surface of the digital model of the waterproofing detail part.
  • the waterproofing detail part is produced from a material comprising at least one polymer P and at least one solid filler F.
  • polyolefin refers in the present disclosure to homopolymers and copolymers obtained by polymerization of olefin monomers and “thermoplastic rubber” refers to a class of copolymers or a physical mix of polymers, typically a plastic and a rubber, that have both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties. Thermoplastic rubbers are also known as “thermoplastic elastomers (TPE)”.
  • the at least one polymer P is selected from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, polyethylene, ethylene copolymers, polypropylene, propylene copolymers, and polyvinylchloride, more preferably from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, polyethylene, ethylene copolymers, polypropylene, and propylene copolymers.
  • copolymer refers in the present disclosure to a polymer derived from more than one species of monomer (“structural unit”). The polymerization of monomers into copolymers is called copolymerization. Copolymers obtained by copolymerization of two monomer species are known as bipolymers and those obtained from three and four monomer species are called terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively.
  • Suitable ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers for use as the at least one polymer P include ethylene vinyl acetate bipolymers and terpolymers, such as ethylene vinyl acetate carbon monoxide terpolymers.
  • Suitable polyethylenes for use as the at least one polymer P include low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), and high density polyethylene (HDPE), preferably having a melting temperature (T m ) determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to ISO 11357-3:2018 standard using a heating rate of 2 °C/min of at or above 85 °C, preferably at or above 95 °C, more preferably at or above 105 °C.
  • LDPE low density polyethylene
  • LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • Suitable ethylene copolymers for use as the at least one polymer P include random and block copolymers of ethylene and one or more C3-C20 a-olefin monomers, in particular one or more of propylene, 1 -butene, 1 -pentene, 1 -hexene, 1 -heptene, 1- octene, 1 -decene, 1 -dodecene, and 1 -hexadodecene, preferably comprising at least 60 wt.-%, more preferably at least 65 wt.-% of ethylene-derived units, based on the weight of the copolymer.
  • Suitable ethylene random copolymers include, for example, ethylene-based plastomers, which are commercially available, for example, under the trade name of Affinity®, such as Affinity® EG 8100G, Affinity® EG 8200G, Affinity® SL 8110G, Affinity® KC 8852G, Affinity® VP 8770G, and Affinity® PF 1 OG (all from Dow Chemical Company); under the trade name of Exact®, such as Exact® 3024, Exact® 3027, Exact® 3128, Exact® 3131 , Exact® 4049, Exact® 4053, Exact® 5371 , and Exact® 8203 (all from Exxon Mobil); and under the trade name of Queo® (from Borealis AG) as well as ethylene-based polyolefin elastomers (POE), which are commercially available, for example, under the trade name of Engage®, such as Engage® 7256, Engage® 7467, Engage
  • Suitable polypropylenes for use as the at least one polymer P include, for example, isotactic polypropylene (iPP), syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP), and homopolymer polypropylene (hPP), preferably having a melting temperature (T m ) determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to ISO 11357-3:2018 standard using a heating rate of 2 °C/min of at or above 100 °C, preferably at or above 105 °C, more preferably at or above 110 °C.
  • iPP isotactic polypropylene
  • sPP syndiotactic polypropylene
  • hPP homopolymer polypropylene
  • Suitable propylene copolymers for use as the at least one polymer P include propylene-ethylene random and block copolymers and random and block copolymers of propylene and one or more C4-C20 a-olefin monomers, in particular one or more of 1 -butene, 1 -pentene, 1 -hexene, 1 -heptene, 1 -octene, 1 -decene, 1 -dodecene, and 1- hexadodecene, preferably comprising at least 60 wt.-%, more preferably at least 65 wt.-% of propylene-derived units, based on the weight of the copolymer.
  • the at least one polymer P comprises at least one ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer P1 , preferably having a content of structural unit derived from vinyl acetate of at least 5 wt.-%, more preferably at least 10 wt.-%, based on the weight of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • the expression “the at least one compound X comprises at least one compound XN”, such as “the at least one polymer P comprises at least one ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer P1” is understood to mean in the context of the present disclosure that the material comprises one or more ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers P1 as representative(s) of the at least one polymer P.
  • the polymer P can be composed of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer P1 , or it may comprise further polymers, for example, to improve some properties of the polymer P1. For example, if soft ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers are used, addition of other types of polymers having a higher softening point than P1 may be used, for example, to reduce the tackiness of the polymer component.
  • the at least one polymer P2 is compatible with the at least one ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer P1.
  • the polymer P1 and P2 are partially miscible but not necessarily entirely miscible with each other.
  • the polymer components being “miscible” is meant in the present disclosure that a polymer blend composed of the polymer P1 and P2 has a negative Gibbs free energy and heat of mixing.
  • the polymer blends composed of entirely miscible polymer components tend to have one single glass transition point, which can be measured using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA).
  • DMTA dynamic mechanical thermal analysis
  • Especially suitable polymers for use as the polymer P2 include, for example, polyolefins, halogenated polyolefins, thermoplastic rubbers, and polyvinylchloride.
  • the at least one polymer P2 is polyolefin, preferably polyethylene, wherein the weight ratio of the amount of the at least one ethyne vinyl acetate copolymer P1 to the amount of the at least one polymer P2 is preferably from 3:1 to 1 :3, preferably from 2:1 to 1 :2.
  • the at least one solid filler F has a median particle size dso in the range of 0.1 - 50 pm, preferably 0.25 - 35 pm, more preferably 0.5 - 25 pm, even more preferably 1 - 15 pm.
  • mineral binder refers to mineral materials, which undergo a hydration reaction in the presence of water.
  • mineral binder refers to non-hydrated mineral binders, i.e. , to unreacted mineral binders that have not yet reacted in a hydration reaction.
  • hydraulic cements examples include hydraulic cements and hydraulic lime.
  • hydraulic cement refers here to mixtures of silicates and oxides including alite, belite, tricalcium aluminate, and brownmillerite.
  • inorganic filler F1 preferably selected from sand, granite, calcium carbonate, clay, expanded clay, diatomaceous earth, pumice, mica, kaolin, talc, dolomite, xonotlite, perlite, vermiculite, Wollastonite, barite, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium aluminates, silica, fumed silica, fused silica, aerogels, glass beads, hollow glass spheres, ceramic spheres, bauxite, comminuted concrete, and zeolites, more preferably from calcium carbonate, clay, expanded clay, diatomaceous earth, pumice, mica, kaolin, talc, dolomite, xonotlite, perlite, vermiculite, Wollastonite, barite, and magnesium carbonate and/or
  • the at least one solid filler F comprises:
  • the amount of the calcium carbonate preferably constitutes at least at least 15 wt.-%, preferably at least 35 wt.-%, more preferably at least 50 wt.-%, even more preferably at least 75 wt.-%, still more preferably at least 85 wt.-%, of the total weight of the at least one solid filler F, or
  • a hydraulic binder preferably Portland cement, wherein the amount of the hydraulic binder preferably constitutes at least at least 15 wt.-%, preferably at least 35 wt.-%, more preferably at least 50 wt.-%, even more preferably at least 75 wt.-%, still more preferably at least 85 wt.-%, of the total weight of the at least one solid filler F.
  • the at least one polymer P is present in the material in an amount of at least 25 wt.-%, preferably at least 35 wt.-%, more preferably at least 50 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the material and/or the at least one solid filler F is present in the material in an amount of not more than 75 wt.-%, preferably not more than 70 wt.-%, more preferably not more than 65 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the material.
  • the material comprises: a) 25 - 85 wt.-%, preferably 30 - 80 wt.-%, more preferably 35 - 75 wt.-%, even more preferably 40 - 70 wt.-%, of the at least one polymer P and b) 5 - 65 wt.%, preferably 10 - 60 wt.-%, more preferably 15 - 55 wt.-%, even more preferably 20 - 50 wt.-%, of the at least one solid filler F.
  • the material further comprises: c) At least one chemical blowing agent CBA.
  • Chemical blowing agents also known as chemical foaming agents, are typically solids that liberate gas(es) by means of a chemical reaction, such as decomposition, when exposed to elevated temperatures.
  • chemical reaction such as decomposition
  • Inorganic, organic, exothermic, and endothermic chemical blowing agents are all equally suitable.
  • a chemical blowing agent is added to the material, from which the detail part is produced, to provide a molten material containing a blowing gas, which is released, mainly after deposition with a printer extrusion head, from the molten material.
  • the blowing may be added to the molten material to enable providing the detail part with a desired surface structure/roughness that may improve the ability of the detail part to form a bond with a fresh cementitious composition after hardening.
  • the deposited layer of molten material discharged from a printer extrusion head of a 3D printer is first inflated due to volume increase of the blowing gas resulting in formation of a closed cell structure.
  • surface of the deposited layer is penetrated by the still expanding blowing gas, which results in formation of open or semi-open cells, pores, cavities, and other surface imperfections, which can be characterized as surface roughness.
  • the at least one blowing agent CBA if used, is present in the material in an amount of not more than 2 wt.-%, preferably not more than 1 .5 wt.-%, more preferably not more than 1 .25 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the material.
  • the material for the waterproofing detail part may further comprise one of more additives, particularly selected from reinforcing fibers, flame retardants, and color pigments.
  • the material further comprises at least one reinforcing fiber material, preferably selected from milled glass fibers, aramid fibers, wollastonite fibers, and carbon fibers.
  • Suitable reinforcing fibers have an average fiber length in the range of 100 - 500 pm, preferably 150 - 350 pm and/or an average fiber diameter in the range of 5 - 50 pm, preferably 10 - 35 pm.
  • the term “average fiber length/diameter” refers to the arithmetic average of the individual lengths/diameters of the fibers within a sample or collection or a statistically significant and representative random sample drawn from such a sample or collection.
  • fiber diameter refers in the present disclosure to the equivalent diameter of the fiber determined according to EN 14889-2:2006 standard.
  • the fiber length and diameter may be determined by using dynamic image analysis method conducted according to ISO 13322-2:2006 standard, for example, with a dry dispersion method, where the particles are dispersed in air, preferably by using air pressure dispersion method.
  • the measurements can be conducted using any type of dynamic image analysis apparatus, such as a Camsizer XT device (trademark of Retsch Technology GmbH).
  • the material further comprises at least one flame retardant, preferably selected from the group consisting of magnesium hydroxide, aluminum trihydroxide, antimony trioxide, ammonium polyphosphate, and melamine-, melamine resin-, melamine derivative-, melamine-formaldehyde-, silane-, siloxane-, and polystyrene-coated ammonium polyphosphates.
  • at least one flame retardant preferably selected from the group consisting of magnesium hydroxide, aluminum trihydroxide, antimony trioxide, ammonium polyphosphate, and melamine-, melamine resin-, melamine derivative-, melamine-formaldehyde-, silane-, siloxane-, and polystyrene-coated ammonium polyphosphates.
  • Suitable flame retardants for use as the at least one flame retardant include, for example, 1 ,3,5-triazine compounds, such as melamine, melam, melem, melon, ammeline, ammelide, 2-ureidomelamine, acetoguanamine, benzoguanamine, diaminophenyltriazine, melamine salts and adducts, melamine cyanurate, melamine borate, melamine orthophosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, dimelamine pyrophosphate and melamine polyphosphate, oligomeric and polymeric 1 ,3,5-triazine compounds and polyphosphates of 1 ,3,5-triazine compounds, guanine, piperazine phosphate, piperazine polyphosphate, ethylene diamine phosphate, pentaerythritol, borophosphate, 1 ,3,5-trihydroxyethylisocyanaurate, 1 ,3,5-triglycid
  • Suitable flame retardants are commercially available, for example, under the trade names of Martinal® and Magnifin® (both from Albemarle) and under the trade names of Exolit® (from Clariant), Phos-Check® (from Phos-Check) and FR CROS® (from Budenheim).
  • the material further comprises at least one color pigment, preferably selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, barium sulphate, iron oxide, mixed metal iron oxide, aluminium powder, and graphite.
  • at least one color pigment preferably selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, barium sulphate, iron oxide, mixed metal iron oxide, aluminium powder, and graphite.
  • the at least one color pigment has a has a median particle size dso of not more than 1000 nm, more preferably not more than 750 nm, even more preferably not more than 500 nm.
  • the at least one color pigment has a has a median particle size dso in the range of 50 - 1000 nm, preferably 75 - 750 nm, more preferably 100 - 650 nm, even more preferably 125 - 500 pm, still more preferably 150 - 350 nm, most preferably 200 - 300 nm.
  • the material for the waterproofing detail part may further comprise various auxiliary compounds, such as thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, plasticizers, dyes, matting agents, antistatic agents, impact modifiers, biocides, and processing aids such as lubricants, slip agents, antiblock agents, and denest aids.
  • auxiliary compounds such as thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, plasticizers, dyes, matting agents, antistatic agents, impact modifiers, biocides, and processing aids such as lubricants, slip agents, antiblock agents, and denest aids.
  • step ii) comprises steps of:
  • the material is preferably heated to a temperature, which is above the melting temperature of the at least one polymer P to obtain the melted material.
  • the material is preferably heated to a temperature, which is above the melting temperature of the polymer P having the highest melting temperature.
  • the movements of the printer extrusion head in the deposition step are controlled according to control data calculated from the digital model of the waterproofing detail part.
  • the digital model of the detail part is preferably first converted to a STL file to tessellate the 3D shape of the part and to slice it into digital layers.
  • the STL file is transferred to the 3D printer using custom machine software.
  • a control system such as a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software package, can be used to generate the control data based on the STL file.
  • the control system can be part of the 3D printer, or it can be part of a separate data processing unit, for example a computer system.
  • a further subject of the invention is a waterproofing detail part obtained by using the method to the present invention.
  • a still further subject of the present invention is a method for sealing a below grade element comprising the following steps:
  • the further sealing element can, for example, be another waterproofing detail part and/or a waterproofing material, such as a waterproofing membrane.
  • the polymer basis of the further sealing element is selected such that the waterproofing detail part can be joined by heat welding with the further sealing element.
  • the further sealing element comprises at least one layer that is heat-weldable with the waterproofing detail part.
  • the method comprises further steps:
  • the waterproofing detail part used in the sealing method is an inner corner, outer corner, or a penetration cover element, such as a collar element.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an additive manufacturing process whereby a waterproofing detail part (12) is printed with a 3D printer (7) based on the digital model (10) of the waterproofing detail part (12).
  • a portion of the raw materials of the material for the waterproofing detail parts were premixed in a tumbler mixer and then fed to a ZSK laboratory twin-extruder (L/D 44) via a gravimetric dosing scale. Another portion of the raw materials was fed directly via gravimetric dosing trolleys into the laboratory extruder. The raw materials were mixed, dispersed, homogenized, and discharged via the holes of perforated extrusion nozzles. The extruded strands were cooled using a water bath and cut into pellets with suitable dimensions. The pellets were then dried in an oven to remove the residual moisture. The temperature of the material during the process was kept under the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent.
  • composition of the prepared pellets comprised:
  • Exemplary waterproofing corner elements were prepared by using a Yizumi Space A fused particle fabrication (FPF) 3D printer.
  • the pellets prepared as described above were used as a feed material for the 3D printer, which was operated using the settings shown in Table 1.
  • Two sample strips having dimensions of 200 mm (length) x 50 mm (width) were cut from the 3D printed waterproofing corner element.
  • the sample strips were placed into formworks having dimensions of 200 mm (length) x 50 mm (width) x 30 mm (height).
  • a fresh concrete formulation was obtained by mixing 8.9900 kg of a concrete dry batch of type MC 0.45 conforming to EN 1766 standard, 0.7440 kg of water and 0.0110 kg of Viscocrete 3082 for five minutes in a tumbling mixer.
  • the concrete dry batch of type MC 0.45 contained 1 .6811 kg of CEM I 42.5 N cement (Normo 4, Holcim), 7.3089 kg of aggregates containing 3% Nekafill-15 (from KFN) concrete additive (limestone filler), 24% sand having a particle size of 0-1 mm, 36% sand having a particle size of 1-4 mm, and 37% gravel having a particle size of 4-8 mm. Before blending with water and Viscocrete 3082 the concrete dry batch was homogenized for five minutes in a tumbling mixer.
  • the formworks containing the sample strips were subsequently filled with the fresh concrete formulation and vibrated for two minutes to release the entrapped air. After hardening for 7 days under standard atmosphere (air temperature 23°C, relative air humidity 50%), the test concrete specimens were stripped from the formworks and measured for concrete peel resistances.
  • the average 90° peel resistance value obtained with the two samples was 56 N/50 mm.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'une pièce de détail d'imperméabilisation pour une imperméabilisation de qualité inférieure comprenant les étapes consistant à : i) fournir et/ou obtenir un modèle numérique de la pièce de détail d'imperméabilisation et ii) sur la base du modèle numérique, produire la pièce de détail d'imperméabilisation par fabrication additive.
PCT/EP2023/065250 2022-06-09 2023-06-07 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce de détail étanche à l'eau WO2023237611A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010043661A1 (fr) 2008-10-15 2010-04-22 Sika Technology Ag Membrane étanche à l’eau
JP2020090000A (ja) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-11 タキロンシーアイ株式会社 立体構造物及び立体構造物の製造方法
EP2533974B1 (fr) 2010-02-08 2021-01-20 GCP Applied Technologies Inc. Membrane imperméabilisante
CN213392269U (zh) * 2020-10-15 2021-06-08 中国矿业大学(北京) 一种利用3d打印技术的新型煤矿井下密闭墙
EP3936331A1 (fr) * 2020-07-06 2022-01-12 Sika Technology Ag Dispositif d'étanchéité à résistance d'adhérence au béton accrue
WO2022106429A1 (fr) * 2020-11-19 2022-05-27 Sika Technology Ag Matériau polymère à utiliser dans un processus d'impression 3d

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010043661A1 (fr) 2008-10-15 2010-04-22 Sika Technology Ag Membrane étanche à l’eau
EP2533974B1 (fr) 2010-02-08 2021-01-20 GCP Applied Technologies Inc. Membrane imperméabilisante
JP2020090000A (ja) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-11 タキロンシーアイ株式会社 立体構造物及び立体構造物の製造方法
EP3936331A1 (fr) * 2020-07-06 2022-01-12 Sika Technology Ag Dispositif d'étanchéité à résistance d'adhérence au béton accrue
CN213392269U (zh) * 2020-10-15 2021-06-08 中国矿业大学(北京) 一种利用3d打印技术的新型煤矿井下密闭墙
WO2022106429A1 (fr) * 2020-11-19 2022-05-27 Sika Technology Ag Matériau polymère à utiliser dans un processus d'impression 3d

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