WO2023236399A1 - 一种长续航自供能海洋浮标 - Google Patents

一种长续航自供能海洋浮标 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023236399A1
WO2023236399A1 PCT/CN2022/123749 CN2022123749W WO2023236399A1 WO 2023236399 A1 WO2023236399 A1 WO 2023236399A1 CN 2022123749 W CN2022123749 W CN 2022123749W WO 2023236399 A1 WO2023236399 A1 WO 2023236399A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air chamber
power generation
long
buoy
self
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/123749
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杜立彬
董瑞春
刘杰
胡梦绮
陈敬和
刘云梁
雷明晨
魏硕
赵蕊
柯毅帆
刘晨
马成斌
Original Assignee
山东科技大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 山东科技大学 filed Critical 山东科技大学
Priority to US18/705,039 priority Critical patent/US20240328400A1/en
Publication of WO2023236399A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023236399A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
    • F03G7/05—Ocean thermal energy conversion, i.e. OTEC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/24—Buoys container type, i.e. having provision for the storage of material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/20—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" wherein both members, i.e. wom and rem are movable relative to the sea bed or shore
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1869—Linear generators; sectional generators
    • H02K7/1876—Linear generators; sectional generators with reciprocating, linearly oscillating or vibrating parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of ocean monitoring equipment, and in particular to a long-endurance self-powered ocean buoy.
  • the ocean covers approximately 71% of the earth's surface and is the world's largest solar collector and energy storage system, storing a large amount of thermal and mechanical energy.
  • the development of ocean energy has far-reaching strategic significance for adjusting my country's energy structure and alleviating energy pressure. It is a "blue energy" with great potential.
  • Ocean energy is rich in types, has huge reserves, and is clean and pollution-free.
  • ocean temperature difference energy is the thermal energy of the water temperature difference between the surface seawater and deep seawater, and is an important form of ocean energy. Theoretically, energy can be extracted as long as there is a temperature difference, so thermoelectric power generation is the most promising ocean energy technology. It uses the thermal gradient between surface warm seawater and deep cold seawater to generate electricity.
  • current ocean temperature difference energy power generation still has problems such as large heat exchange area, high construction costs, and low efficiency (its efficiency is only about 3% so far).
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the existing background technology and provide a long-lasting self-powered ocean buoy that fully utilizes the electrical energy conversion of ocean temperature difference energy to generate electricity, improves the service life of the buoy, and increases the monitoring and detection capabilities of the buoy.
  • a long-lasting self-powered ocean buoy which includes a buoy body, a power generation device and an airbag base.
  • the airbag base is fixedly installed at the lower end of the buoy body, and the power generation device is fixedly installed at the airbag base.
  • the lower end of the power generation device includes a casing, a first power generation component, a second power generation component and a battery.
  • the first power generation component and the second power generation component are both installed inside the casing.
  • the battery is installed at the inner top of the casing and passed through lines.
  • the buoy power supply is connected to the buoy power supply inside the buoy body through the top of the shell and the base of the air bag.
  • the first power generation component includes a first air chamber, a second air chamber, a third air chamber, a hydraulic bladder and a control integrated unit.
  • the first air chamber, the second air chamber and the third air chamber are installed in sequence from bottom to top.
  • two adjacent air chambers are fixedly supported by connecting support columns, and the two adjacent air chambers are also connected through a vent pipe.
  • Each vent pipe is equipped with one or more sets of turbines at equal intervals.
  • One or more groups of generator fans are installed inside each group of turbines.
  • Each group of turbines is connected to the battery through lines to transmit and store the electric energy generated by the fan to the battery.
  • the second air chamber and the third air chamber also use condensation reflux.
  • the pipe is connected to the first air chamber, and a fluid working medium is injected into the first air chamber;
  • the control integrated unit is provided with two groups, which are respectively installed at the top centers of the first air chamber and the second air chamber through integrated fixed brackets.
  • the control integrated unit There is a switch control system, a pressure monitoring system and a wind power generation system inside, which are connected to the turbines at corresponding positions through lines; there are multiple hydraulic bladders, which are installed equidistantly on the outer circumference of the second air chamber, each The interior of the hydraulic bladder is equipped with a gravity balance block.
  • the second power generation component is connected to the battery through lines and includes a plurality of temperature difference energy modules.
  • the plurality of temperature difference energy modules are connected in series and fixedly covered on the outside of the third air chamber.
  • One end of each temperature difference energy module adopts a phase Surrounded by variable material, the other end is in contact with the shell.
  • the outer shell of the power generation device is cylindrical, made of 316L stainless steel, and formed in one piece; the top of the outer shell is provided with a flange, which is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the airbag base through bolts, and the center position of the top of the outer shell Equipped with wiring holes.
  • first air chamber, the second air chamber, and the third air chamber are all oval-shaped, and the inner volume of the second air chamber is smaller than the first air chamber, and the inner volume of the third air chamber is smaller than the second air chamber.
  • the fluid working medium injected into the first air chamber is concentrated ammonia water; at the same time, a dialysis layer is provided inside the first air chamber.
  • the breather tube has a spiral rising structure and is fixed with the air chamber by welding; a pressure valve and a pressure sensor are provided at the lower end air inlet of each breather tube, which are respectively connected to the control integration unit through lines.
  • a condensation switch is provided at the inlet of the condensation return pipe, and the control integrated unit is connected through lines.
  • first air chamber, the second air chamber and the third air chamber are all made of titanium-stainless steel composite plates, the jacket is made of 304 stainless steel, and the insulation layer is made of Q235B.
  • the entire power generation device is in a connected and sealed state and is a relatively independent entity.
  • the battery is connected to the power source inside the buoy body only through lines.
  • phase change material wrapped around the thermodifferential energy module in the second power generation component is a solid-liquid composite phase change material.
  • the power generation device described in the present invention is mainly based on the phase change compensated dynamic ocean temperature difference energy to generate electricity. It is fixedly installed on the automatic profile buoy and realizes self-generation during the floating and submerging process of the buoy. It cooperates with the role of phase change materials to improve power generation efficiency.
  • Providing power supply to buoys, especially Argo buoys that use lithium batteries as the main power, can greatly improve their endurance and extend their service life; it also facilitates the recycling of the device, reduces R&D and use costs while reducing marine pollution, and has broad applications. prospect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the overall structure of the power generation device in the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along the A-A direction in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view along the B-B direction in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view along the C-C direction in Figure 2;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the power generation process of the second power generation component in the present invention.
  • orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only relative words determined to facilitate the description of the structural relationship of the various components of the present invention. They do not specifically mean that any component in the present invention must have a specific orientation. Specific orientation configurations and operations should not be construed as limitations of the invention.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • Connection, or integral connection can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
  • connection or integral connection
  • connection can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection
  • connection can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
  • specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • a long-lasting self-powered ocean buoy includes a buoy body 01, an airbag base 02 and a power generation device 03.
  • the airbag base 02 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the buoy body 01, and the power generation device 03 passes through the flange 04 Bolts are fixed to the bottom end of the airbag base 02.
  • the power generation device 03 includes a casing 1, a first power generation component, a second power generation component 6 and a battery 5.
  • the casing 1 is cylindrical as a whole and is made of 316L stainless steel with a hollow interior. Integrated molding; the first power generation component and the second power generation component 6 are both fixedly installed inside the casing 1, and the battery 5 is fixedly installed at the inner top of the casing 1.
  • a line channel with a radius of 5mm is provided at the center of the top of the casing 1. hole, the battery 5 is connected to the buoy power supply inside the buoy body 01 through the line through the top of the housing 1 and the air bag base 02 to continuously supply power to it.
  • the first power generation assembly includes a first air chamber 2, a second air chamber 3, a third air chamber 4, four hydraulic bladders 7 and two control integrated units.
  • the first air chamber 2, the second air chamber 3, and the third air chamber 4 are all arranged in an elliptical structure and are fixedly installed in sequence from bottom to top, and the volumes are gradually reduced.
  • the inner volume of the second air chamber 3 is less than
  • the inner volumes of the first air chamber 2 and the third air chamber 4 are smaller than the second air chamber 3; the two adjacent air chambers are fixedly supported by three vertical connecting support columns 15, and at the same time, the two adjacent air chambers are
  • the air chambers are also connected to each other through the breather tube 9.
  • the breather tube 9 is arranged in a spiral shape, which increases the gas exchange path and facilitates improving the utilization of air fluids; the upper and lower ends of the breather tube 9 are tangentially welded to the corresponding At the bottom and top of the two adjacent air chambers, a pressure valve and a pressure sensor are installed at the lower end air inlet of the breather pipe 9; three sets of turbines 8 are installed in series on each breather pipe 9, equidistantly arranged, each group A set of electric fans is fixedly installed inside the turbine 8; at the same time, the above-mentioned second air chamber 3 and the third air chamber 4 are also connected to the first air chamber 2 through the condensation return pipe 16, and the entrance of the condensation return pipe 16 is provided with Condensation reflux switch; a dialysis layer 17 is provided inside the first air chamber 2, and a fluid working medium is injected into the first air chamber 2.
  • the fluid working medium is high-concentration concentrated ammonia water, which is easy to volatilize.
  • the above two control integrated units are the No. 1 control integrated unit 10 and the No. 2 control integrated unit 11, which are respectively installed in the first air chamber 2 and the second air chamber through the corresponding No. 1 integrated fixed bracket 12 and No. 2 integrated fixed bracket 13. 3, the control integrated unit is equipped with a switch control system, a pressure monitoring system and a wind power generation system.
  • the No. 1 control integrated unit 10 is connected to the first air chamber 2 and the second air chamber 3 through wires 14.
  • the three sets of turbines 8, the pressure valves and pressure sensors on the vent pipe 9 and the condensation return switch connected to the second air chamber 3 are connected and controlled; the second control integrated unit 11 is connected to the second air chamber through wires 14 respectively.
  • the four hydraulic bladders 7 are equidistantly and fixedly installed around the outside of the second air chamber 3. The center points of their installation positions are on the same horizontal line. Each hydraulic bladder 7 is equipped with a gravity balance block inside.
  • Each group of turbines 8 is also connected to the battery 5 through wires 14, and the electric energy generated by the internal generator fan is rectified and transported to the battery 5 for storage.
  • the second power generation component 6 is a power generation component based on phase change materials that captures ocean temperature difference energy. It includes multiple temperature difference energy modules. The multiple temperature difference energy modules are connected in series and fixedly covered on the outside of the third air chamber 4. , the top is connected to the battery 5 through a circuit. One end of each thermoelectric energy module is surrounded by phase change materials, and the other end is in contact with the inner wall of the shell, and its temperature changes with the temperature of the seawater. Phase change materials are divided into four categories according to material changes, namely solid-liquid, solid-solid, solid-gas, and liquid-gas phase changes. Since the phase change process of solid-liquid phase change materials can be completed under low pressure conditions and the phase change The material has small volume changes, large latent heat, and small temperature range changes, so each temperature difference energy module is surrounded by solid-liquid composite phase change materials.
  • the above-mentioned entire power generation device 03 is relatively independent and is in a closed state that is interconnected internally. It is only connected to the buoy body 01 through lines; in order to ensure the gasification and liquefaction process of concentrated ammonia water and the pressure and corrosion resistance of the entire device, the first The air chamber 2, the second air chamber 3 and the third air chamber 4 are all made of titanium-stainless steel composite plates, the jacket is made of 304 stainless steel, and the insulation layer is made of Q235B.
  • the working principle of the above-mentioned power generation device 03 is as follows: According to the large temperature difference between different water layers of the ocean water body (in the South China Sea), the surface water temperature is much higher than the deep water temperature (at 2000 meters underwater, the water temperature is about 3°C; on the surface This phenomenon (water temperature is about 28°C) uses the vertical temperature difference of the ocean to generate electricity. When the buoy is placed in the ocean, the seawater temperature will slowly rise during its upward movement from 2000 meters underwater. Due to the thermal conductivity of the special shell 1 and the exposure of the lower end of the shell 1, the rise in seawater temperature acts as a heat source. As a result, the temperature in the first air chamber 2 gradually increases.
  • the pressure monitoring system in the No. 1 control integrated unit 10 compares the real-time pressure value with the preset value.
  • the switch control system controls the air pressure valve located at the air inlet of the vent pipe 9 to open, the first air chamber 2 and the second air chamber 3 are connected, and the gas flows from the first air chamber 2 through the vent pipe.
  • 9 rushes into the second air chamber 3, passes through the turbine 8 located on the ventilation pipe 9 during the flow, and uses the narrow tube effect to side-blow the generator fan installed in the turbine 8.
  • the air flow drives the generator fan to rotate (at this time, the gas impacts Aiming at one blade of the generator fan, the gas flow rate can make the generator fan reach the maximum speed) to perform stable magnetic power generation.
  • control integrated unit 10 controls the generator fan and conducts the current generated by the generator fan through the wire 14 to battery 5. As the entire buoy continues to float, the seawater temperature gradually increases, the vaporization and overflow rate of concentrated ammonia water becomes faster and faster, and the air pressure in the first air chamber 2 and the second air chamber 3 gradually increases.
  • the switch control system in the No. 2 control integrated unit 11 controls the air inlet located in the breather pipe. The air pressure valve at the port is opened, and the second air chamber 3 is connected with the third air chamber 4. The gas rushes from the second air chamber 3 into the third air chamber 4 through the breather pipe 9.
  • the same principle is used, and the air flow drives the gas in the second air chamber.
  • the generator fan group in the turbine 8 between 3 and the third air chamber 4 rotates to generate electricity for the second time (at this time, the gas flow rate can also make the generator fan group reach the maximum speed), and the No. 2 control integrated unit 11 controls the generated After the current is rectified, it is transmitted to the battery 5 through the wire 14 for storage.
  • the pressure preset values triggered by the pressure valve switch in the pressure monitoring system of the above two control integrated units are different, and the initial settings are based on specific data.
  • phase change material absorbs heat during the transformation process, and the temperature difference energy module side area surrounded by the phase change material decreases (here is a relative concept, that is, surrounded by the phase change material)
  • the temperature of the part not surrounded by the phase change material is relatively constant, while the temperature of the part not surrounded by the phase change material changes with the change of sea water), forming a temperature difference with the area on the side not surrounded by the phase change material. Since the current temperature difference of the semiconductor power generation module reaches a temperature difference of 1°C A corresponding voltage of 0.03V can be generated.
  • the temperature difference of up to 25°C in the South China Sea can generate a very considerable amount of electricity.
  • the current generated by the temperature difference of phase change materials is used to generate electricity, together with the current generated in the above-mentioned first power generation component, and is tuned and transformed. , after integration, a stable current is formed and introduced into the battery 5 for storage.
  • the hydraulic bladder 7 in the first power generation component contracts under the preset command of the sensor, and the gravity balance block inside moves downward, increasing the weight of the entire power generation device 03.
  • the above-mentioned buoy is affected by its own weight. sink down.
  • the control integrated unit controls all air pressure valves to close and opens the corresponding condensation reflux switch.
  • the overflowing ammonia gas enters the condensation reflux pipe 16.
  • the temperature of the seawater drops and passes through the shell 1. Heat conduction completes heat exchange; after the buoy reaches the deep water, the low temperature of the seawater cools the ammonia gas in the condensation return pipe 16, and then changes it back to liquid and injects it into the first air chamber 2.
  • the phase change material in the second power generation component 6 changes from endothermic to exothermic.
  • the temperature difference in the area surrounded by the phase change material increases the temperature of the area on one side of the module, which is different from the area on the side not surrounded by the phase change material.
  • the temperature difference generates a current, and after tuning, voltage transformation, and integration, a stable current is formed and introduced into the battery 5 for storage.
  • the volume of the four hydraulic bladders 7 in the first power generation component increases, increasing the contact with seawater, generating buoyancy, so that the entire buoy (power generation device 03) is calculated to be launched into the water. (density is close to that of sea water) rises under the action of buoyancy.
  • the buoy rises again to vaporize the working fluid again, repeating the above power generation process.
  • the phase change material also generates electricity through temperature difference, and the generated currents are grouped together and stored. Repeatedly, the fluid working fluid undergoes a series of processes such as vaporization, expansion and pressurization, impact power generation, and condensation recovery in a closed loop.
  • This process consumes less energy and is slower in a closed loop, ensuring that the reaction continues and can extend the buoy's life.
  • the endurance of the buoy extends its service life, and it also prevents the buoy from sinking to the deep sea after exhausting its own power, leaving sufficient power to rise and float, which facilitates the recovery of the buoy and reduces the pollution of marine garbage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，包括浮标本体（01）、发电装置（03）和气囊底座（02）；发电装置（03）安装在气囊底座（02）的下端，包括外壳（1）、第一发电组件、第二发电组件（6）和蓄电池（5），第一发电组件包括多个相互连通的气室、液压囊（7）和控制集成单元，最下方气室内注有易挥发工质，利用工质挥发产生的气压带动连通相邻气室的通气管（9）上的透平（8）内的发电扇发电；第二发电组件（6）包括多个一端环绕相变材料、另一端与外壳接触的温差能模组。该长续航自供能海洋浮标在上浮下潜过程中实现自发电，将产生的电流整流后存入蓄电池，再供给浮标电源，大幅提高其续航能力。

Description

一种长续航自供能海洋浮标 技术领域
本发明涉及海洋监测设备技术领域，具体涉及一种长续航自供能海洋浮标。
 背景技术
海洋大约覆盖了地球表面的71%，是世界上最大的太阳能集热器和储能系统，储存了大量的热能和机械能。开发海洋能对调整我国能源结构、缓解能源压力具有深远的战略意义，是潜力巨大的“蓝色能量”。海洋能种类丰富，储量巨大且清洁无污染，其中海洋温差能是海洋表层海水和深层海水之间水温差的热能，是海洋能的一种重要形式。从理论上讲，只要有温差存在即可抽取能量，因此温差能发电是最有发展前景的海洋能技术，它利用表层温海水和深层冷海水之间的热梯度进行发电。但目前海洋温差能发电还存在换热面积大、建设费用高、效率低（其效率至今只有3%左右）等问题。
针对海洋温差能开发利用技术的研究，往往需要采用水下探测装置，例如常见的Argo浮标，但现有的浮标全部采用锂电池供电，成本高；同时锂电池本身的电能是有限的，Argo 在电量用完时存在着难以回收的问题，因此大多数Argo 浮标在电量用完之后就会在茫茫的大海中丢失，于大海中丢失的Argo 浮标还会对海洋造成污染。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的是为了解决上述现有背景技术存在的不足，提供一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，充分利用海洋温差能的电能转换发电，提高浮标的使用时长，增大浮标的监测探测能力。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，包括浮标本体、发电装置以及气囊底座，气囊底座固定安装在浮标本体的下端，发电装置固定安装在气囊底座的下端；所述发电装置包括外壳、第一发电组件、第二发电组件和蓄电池，第一发电组件和第二发电组件均安装在外壳的内部，蓄电池安装在外壳的内侧顶端，并通过线路穿过外壳顶端、气囊底座连接于浮标本体内部的浮标电源。
所述第一发电组件包括第一气室、第二气室、第三气室、液压囊以及控制集成单元，第一气室、第二气室、第三气室由下往上顺次安装，相邻两个气室之间通过连接支撑柱进行固定支撑，且相邻的两个气室之间还通过通气管进行连通，每根通气管上等距设有一组或多组透平，每组透平内部安装有一组或多组发电扇，上述每组透平均通过线路连接蓄电池，将发电扇产生的电能传输存储至蓄电池；所述第二气室和第三气室还通过冷凝回流管连通第一气室，第一气室内注入有流体工质；所述控制集成单元设有两组，分别通过集成固定支架安装在第一气室和第二气室的顶端中心，控制集成单元内设有开关控制系统、压强监测系统以及风力发电系统，通过线路分别连接对应位置上的透平；所述液压囊设有多个，等距安装在第二气室的外部周向上，每个液压囊的内部均配有重力平衡块。
所述第二发电组件通过线路连接蓄电池，包括多个温差能模组，多个温差能模组之间相互串联，固定覆盖在第三气室的外侧，每个温差能模组的一端采用相变材料环绕，另一端与外壳接触。
进一步地，所述发电装置中外壳呈圆柱状，由316L不锈钢材料制成，一体成型；所述外壳的顶端设有法兰盘，通过螺栓固定连接至气囊底座的下端面，外壳顶端的中心位置设有线路通孔。
进一步地，所述第一气室、第二气室、第三气室均呈椭圆形，且第二气室的内体积小于第一气室，第三气室的内体积小于第二气室。
进一步地，所述第一气室中注入的流体工质为浓氨水；同时在第一气室内部设有渗析层。
进一步地，所述通气管呈盘旋上升结构，与气室之间通过焊接固定；每根通气管的下端进气口处设置有气压阀和压强传感器，分别通过线路连接至控制集成单元。
进一步地，所述冷凝回流管的入口处设有冷凝开关，通过线路连接控制集成单元。
进一步地，所述第一气室、第二气室和第三气室均由钛-不锈钢复合板制成，夹套选用304不锈钢、保温层选用Q235B。
进一步地，整个发电装置处于连通密封状态，为相对独立的个体，仅通过线路使得蓄电池与浮标本体内电源相连通。
进一步地，所述液压囊共设有四个，四个液压囊的安装位置中心处于同一水平线上。
进一步地，所述第二发电组件中温差能模组所缠绕的相变材料选用固-液复合相变材料。
 有益效果
本发明中所述发电装置主要基于相变补偿的动态海洋温差能发电，固定安置于自动剖面浮标上，伴随浮标的上浮下潜过程中实现自发电，配合相变材料的作用，提高发电效率，为浮标提供电力供应，特别是对以锂电池为主要动力的Argo 浮标，可以大幅提高其续航能力，延长使用寿命；还便于装置的回收，降低研发使用成本的同时减少海洋污染，具有广阔的应用前景。
 附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图；
图2是本发明中发电装置的整体结构透视图；
图3是图2中A-A方向剖视图；
图4是图2中B-B方向水平剖视图；
图5是图2中C-C方向水平剖视图；
图6是本发明中第二发电组件的发电过程原理图；
图中：01、浮标本体，02、气囊底座，03、发电装置，04、法兰盘，1、外壳，2、第一气室，3、第二气室，4、第三气室，5、蓄电池，6、第二发电组件，7、液压囊，8、透平，9、输气管，10、一号控制集成单元，11、二号控制集成单元，12、一号集成固定支架，13、二号集成固定支架，14、电线，15、连接支撑柱，16、冷凝回流管，17、渗析层。
 本发明的实施方式
需要注意的是，在本发明的描述中，术语如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“顶端”、“内部”、“外部”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，只是为了便于叙述本发明各部件结构关系而确定的关系词，并非特指本发明中任一部件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，不能理解为对本发明的限制。
另外，在发明中如涉及“第一”、“第二”、“一号”、“二号”等描述仅用于描述目的，并非特别指称次序或顺位的意思，亦非用以限定本发明，其仅仅是为了区别以相同技术用语描述的组件或操作而已，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明：
如图1所示，一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，包括浮标本体01、气囊底座02以及发电装置03，所述气囊底座02固定安装在浮标本体01的下端，发电装置03通过法兰盘04螺栓固定于气囊底座02的底端。结合图2至图5所示，所述发电装置03包括有外壳1、第一发电组件、第二发电组件6和蓄电池5，外壳1整体呈圆柱状，由316L不锈钢材料制成，内部中空，一体成型；第一发电组件和第二发电组件6均固定安装在外壳1的内部，蓄电池5则固定安装在外壳1的内侧顶端，同时在外壳1的顶端中心位置设有半径为5mm的线路通孔，蓄电池5通过线路穿过外壳1顶端、气囊底座02连接于浮标本体01内部的浮标电源，为其持续供电。
所述第一发电组件包括第一气室2、第二气室3、第三气室4、四个液压囊7以及两个控制集成单元。第一气室2、第二气室3、第三气室4均呈椭圆形结构设置，由下往上顺次固定安装，且设置的体积逐渐减小，第二气室3的内体积小于第一气室2，第三气室4的内体积小于第二气室3；相邻的两个气室之间分别通过三根竖向连接支撑柱15进行固定支撑，同时在相邻的两个气室之间还通过通气管9进行相互连通，通气管9呈盘旋状设置，增加了气体交换路径，便于提高对空气流体的利用率；通气管9的上下两端分别切向焊接于对应的相邻两个气室的底部和顶部，在通气管9的下端进气口处安装有气压阀和压强传感器；在每根通气管9上串联安装有三组透平8，等距设置，每组透平8的内部固定安装有一组发电扇；同时，上述第二气室3和第三气室4还分别通过冷凝回流管16连通于第一气室2，冷凝回流管16的入口处设有冷凝回流开关；在第一气室2的内部设有渗析层17，且在第一气室2内注入有流体工质，该流体工质选用高浓度的浓氨水，易挥发。上述两个控制集成单元为一号控制集成单元10和二号控制集成单元11，分别通过对应的一号集成固定支架12和二号集成固定支架13安装在第一气室2和第二气室3的顶端中心，控制集成单元内均设有开关控制系统、压强监测系统以及风力发电系统，一号控制集成单元10通过电线14分别连接位于第一气室2和第二气室3之间的三组透平8、通气管9上的气压阀和压强传感器以及第二气室3连接的冷凝回流开关，并对其进行控制；二号控制集成单元11通过电线14分别连接位于第二气室3和第三气室4之间的三组透平8、通气管9上的气压阀和压强传感器以及第三气室4连接的冷凝回流开关，并对其进行控制。所述四个液压囊7等距、固定安装在第二气室3的外部四周，其安装位置的中心点处于同一水平线上，每个液压囊7的内部均配有重力平衡块。上述每组透平8还通过电线14连接至蓄电池5，将其内部发电扇产生的电能整流后输送至蓄电池5并进行储存。
所述第二发电组件6是基于相变材料捕获海洋温差能的发电组件，包括有多个温差能模组，多个温差能模组之间相互串联，固定覆盖于第三气室4的外侧，顶部通过电路连接蓄电池5，每个温差能模组的一端均采用相变材料环绕，另一端与外壳内侧壁相接触，其温度随着海水的温度变化而变化。相变材料按物质变化分为四类，分别为固-液、固-固、固-气、液-气相变，由于固-液相变材料的相变过程可在低压条件下完成且相变材料体积变化小、潜热量大、温度区间变化小，所以每个温差能模组上选用固-液复合相变材料进行环绕。
上述整个发电装置03相对独立，处于内部相互连通的封闭状态，与浮标本体01仅仅通过线路连接相通；为了保证浓氨水的气化、液化过程以及整个装置的耐压耐腐蚀性能，所述第一气室2、第二气室3和第三气室4均由钛-不锈钢复合板制成，夹套选用304不锈钢、保温层选用Q235B。
上述发电装置03的工作原理如下：根据（中国南海海域）海洋水体不同水层之间的温差很大、表层水比深层水温度高得多（水下2000米处，水温为3℃左右；水面水温28℃左右）这一现象，利用其海洋垂直温度差进行发电。浮标在放置到海洋中时，由水下2000米向上运动的过程中，海水温度会慢慢升高，由于特制外壳1的导热性以及裸露在外壳1下端的原因，海水温度的升高作为热源导致第一气室2内温度逐渐升高，当温度达到浓氨水汽化的临界点时，氨气从浓氨水中溢出，大量氨气会产生高压气团，第一气室2内气压增大，压强传感器实时监测第一气室2内的压强，将数据信息传输至一号控制集成单元10，一号控制集成单元10内的压强监测系统将实时压强数值与预设值进行比较，当第一气室2内实时压强达到预设值时，开关控制系统控制位于通气管9进气口的气压阀打开，第一气室2与第二气室3连通，气体由第一气室2经通气管9冲入第二气室3，流动过程中穿过位于通气管9上的透平8，利用狭管效应侧吹安装在透平8内的发电扇，气流带动发电扇转动（此时气体冲击对准发电扇的一个扇叶，气体流速可使发电扇达到最大转速），进行稳定磁力发电，一号控制集成单元10内的风力发电系统控制发电扇，将发电扇产生的电流通过电线14传导至蓄电池5。随着整个浮标的继续上浮，海水温度逐渐升高，浓氨水的汽化溢出速率越来越快，第一气室2和第二气室3中气压逐渐升高。当位于第二气室3和第三气室4之间的压强传感器监测到第二气室3内压强达到预设值时，二号控制集成单元11内的开关控制系统控制位于通气管进气口的气压阀打开，第二气室3与第三气室4连通，气体由第二气室3经通气管9冲入第三气室4，同样采用上述原理，气流带动位于第二气室3和第三气室4之间的透平8中发电扇组转动，进行第二次发电（此时气体流速同样可使发电扇组达到最大转速），二号控制集成单元11控制将产生的电流整流后经电线14传至蓄电池5进行存储。
上述两个控制集成单元中压强监测系统中气压阀开关触发的压强预设值不同，根据具体数据进行初始设置。
整个浮标在上升过程中，其第二发电组件6利用相变材料同样产生电能，参照图5所示。随着浮标的上浮、海水温度的升高，相变材料转化过程中吸收热量，被相变材料环绕的温差能模组一侧区域温度降低（这里是一个相对的概念，即被相变材料环绕的部分温度相对恒定，而未被相变材料环绕的部分温度随海水变化而变化），与未被相变材料环绕的一侧区域形成温度差，由于目前半导体温差能发电模块每达到1℃温差可相应产生0.03V电压，中国南海海域中高达25℃的温差能够产生非常可观的电量，利用相变材料温差发电产生的电流连同上述第一发电组件中产生的电流归在一起经过调谐、变压、整合后形成稳定电流导入蓄电池5进行储存。
当上述浮标达到海洋表层位置时，第一发电组件内的液压囊7在传感器预设指令下收缩，其内部的重力平衡块下移，增加整个发电装置03的重量，上述浮标在自身重量的作用下进行下沉。下沉过程中，控制集成单元控制所有的气压阀关闭，打开相对应的冷凝回流开关，溢出的氨气进入冷凝回流管16内，随着装置的下潜，海水的温度下降，通过外壳1的热传导，完成热量交换；浮标到达深层水后，海水的低温将氨气在冷凝回流管16中进行冷却，又变回液体注入第一气室2中。与此同时，第二发电组件6中相变材料由吸热变为放热，被相变材料环绕的温差能模组一侧区域温度升高，与未被相变材料环绕的一侧区域形成温度差，产生电流，经过调谐、变压、整合后形成稳定电流导入蓄电池5进行储存。
当整个浮标到达水下2000米的深水层时，第一发电组件中四个液压囊7的体积变大，增加与海水的接触，产生浮力，使得整个浮标（发电装置03经计算使之下水时密度与海水将近）在浮力的作用下上升，浮标的再次上升使得流体工质再次汽化，重复上述动力发电过程，相变材料同样进行温差发电，产生电流归为一起后进行存储。如此反复，流体工质在闭合的回路中进行汽化蒸发、膨胀增压、冲击发电、冷凝回收一系列过程，此过程在密闭情况下能量消耗较少、较缓，保证反应持续进行，能够延长浮标的续航能力，延长其使用寿命，同时还杜绝了浮标自身电力消耗殆尽后下沉至深海，留有充足电力上升漂浮，便于浮标的回收，减少海洋垃圾的污染。
最后应说明的是，上述实施方式的说明仅用于说明本发明的技术方案，并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不仅限于上述举例，本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换，也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，其特征在于：包括浮标本体、发电装置以及气囊底座，气囊底座安装在浮标本体的下端，发电装置固定安装在气囊底座的下端；所述发电装置包括外壳、第一发电组件、第二发电组件和蓄电池，第一发电组件和第二发电组件均安装在外壳的内部，蓄电池安装在外壳的内侧顶端，并通过线路穿过外壳顶端、气囊底座连接于浮标本体内部的浮标电源；
    所述第一发电组件包括第一气室、第二气室、第三气室、液压囊以及控制集成单元，第一气室、第二气室、第三气室由下往上顺次安装，相邻两个气室之间通过连接支撑柱进行固定支撑，且相邻的两个气室之间还通过通气管进行连通，每根通气管上等距设有一组或多组透平，每组透平内部安装有一组或多组发电扇，上述每组透平均通过线路连接蓄电池，将发电扇产生的电能传输存储至蓄电池；所述第二气室和第三气室还通过冷凝回流管连通第一气室，第一气室内注入有流体工质；所述控制集成单元设有两组，分别通过集成固定支架安装在第一气室和第二气室的顶端中心，控制集成单元内设有开关控制系统、压强监测系统以及风力发电系统，通过线路分别连接对应位置上的透平；所述液压囊设有多个，等距安装在第二气室的外部周向上，每个液压囊的内部均配有重力平衡块；
    所述第二发电组件通过线路连接蓄电池，包括多个温差能模组，多个温差能模组之间相互串联，固定覆盖在第三气室的外侧，每个温差能模组的一端采用相变材料环绕，另一端与外壳接触。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，其特征在于：所述发电装置中外壳呈圆柱状，由316L不锈钢材料制成，一体成型；所述外壳的顶端设有法兰盘，通过螺栓固定连接至气囊底座的下端面，外壳顶端的中心位置设有线路通孔。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，其特征在于：所述第一气室、第二气室、第三气室均呈椭圆形，且第二气室的内体积小于第一气室，第三气室的内体积小于第二气室。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，其特征在于：所述第一气室中注入的流体工质为浓氨水；同时在第一气室内部设有渗析层。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，其特征在于：所述通气管呈盘旋上升结构，与气室之间通过焊接固定；每根通气管的下端进气口处设置有气压阀和压强传感器，分别通过线路连接至控制集成单元。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，其特征在于：所述冷凝回流管的入口处设有冷凝开关，通过线路连接控制集成单元。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，其特征在于：所述第一气室、第二气室和第三气室均由钛-不锈钢复合板制成，夹套选用304不锈钢、保温层选用Q235B。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，其特征在于：整个发电装置处于连通密封状态，为相对独立的个体，仅通过线路使得蓄电池与浮标本体内电源相连通。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，其特征在于：所述液压囊共设有四个，四个液压囊的安装位置中心处于同一水平线上。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种长续航自供能海洋浮标，其特征在于：所述第二发电组件中温差能模组所缠绕的相变材料选用固-液复合相变材料。
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