WO2023236325A1 - 一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉及原油加热方法 - Google Patents

一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉及原油加热方法 Download PDF

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WO2023236325A1
WO2023236325A1 PCT/CN2022/107592 CN2022107592W WO2023236325A1 WO 2023236325 A1 WO2023236325 A1 WO 2023236325A1 CN 2022107592 W CN2022107592 W CN 2022107592W WO 2023236325 A1 WO2023236325 A1 WO 2023236325A1
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water jacket
heating
vacuum
solar
furnace
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘效洲
梁浩
何启宏
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Priority to AU2022462878A priority Critical patent/AU2022462878B2/en
Priority to US18/063,624 priority patent/US12472445B2/en
Publication of WO2023236325A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023236325A1/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G7/00—Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G7/04—Dewatering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G7/00—Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G7/06—Vacuum distillation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of oil well production, specifically a solar vacuum water jacket heating furnace and a crude oil heating method special for oil fields.
  • Natural gas has the advantages of high calorific value and good environmental protection, and has been widely used.
  • natural gas prices have become increasingly expensive in recent years, resulting in high operating costs for water jacket heating furnaces.
  • the current traditional water jacket furnace has a simple structure.
  • the structure of the traditional water jacket furnace is detailed in Figure 1 of the instruction manual.
  • the traditional water jacket furnace structure is to burn natural gas through the burner to form a high-temperature flame. After passing through the smoke pipe and smoke chamber, heat is given to the hot water in the water jacket furnace and the hot water is heated to 95°C.
  • the 20°C cold oil with a moisture content of 90% passes through the U-shaped tube and is heated to 80°C by the 95°C hot water outside the U-shaped tube and then discharged from the water jacket furnace.
  • the water content of the hot oil is still 90% without any concentration. effect.
  • a large amount of heat is also required in subsequent processes to evaporate water and concentrate it to form crude oil. Due to the small smoke tube and smoke area, the current thermal efficiency of traditional water jacket furnaces is low, and the exhaust gas temperature is as high as 550°C or more. This leads to huge fuel consumption and needs to be solved urgently.
  • this solution provides a solar vacuum water jacket heating furnace dedicated for oil fields, which can effectively improve the thermal efficiency of the crude oil heating furnace and the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the entire system. .
  • a solar vacuum water jacket heating furnace dedicated for oil fields including a vacuum heating system and a water jacket furnace heating system
  • the vacuum heating system includes a steam generator, a vacuum heater and an ejector , the vacuum heater and the ejector are connected to each other
  • the water jacket furnace heating system includes a water jacket furnace, a burner, a smoke chamber, an oil coil and a chimney, and the smoke chamber and oil coil are arranged in the water jacket Inside the furnace, the inlet and outlet of the smoke chamber are connected to the burner and the chimney respectively;
  • the vacuum heater is provided with a crude oil inlet and a crude oil outlet, and the crude oil outlet is connected to the inlet of the oil coil, and the steam
  • the generator is connected to the chimney and absorbs the exhaust heat of the chimney.
  • the steam generator is provided with a first output port, and the first output port is connected to the ejector through a pipe.
  • the steam generator generates The steam is input into the ejector through the first output port, and the ejector generates a suction effect to continuously extract the water vapor in the vacuum heater, thereby forming a vacuum in the vacuum heater. Since the vacuum heater is in a vacuum state, the vacuum heater The boiling point of the liquid will be lowered, so that the moisture contained in the crude oil in the vacuum heater can evaporate into water vapor at a lower temperature, and be discharged through the suction action of the ejector.
  • a post-ignition burner is provided on the steam generator to further provide energy to the vacuum system.
  • the vacuum heating system also includes a heat exchanger and a heating water jacket.
  • the heat exchanger is provided with an air inlet pipe, an exhaust pipe, a water inlet pipe and a drainage pipe.
  • the vacuum heater is placed on the heating pipe. Heating is performed in the water jacket, the steam generator is provided with a second output port, the second output port is connected to the air inlet pipe through a pipe, the exhaust pipe is connected to the chimney, and the drainage pipe is connected through a pipe
  • the heat exchanger uses the flue gas heat absorbed by the steam generator to generate hot water, which enters the heating water jacket to heat the crude oil in the vacuum heater.
  • the water outlet of the heating water jacket is connected to the water inlet pipe through a pipeline to realize water circulation, environmental protection and energy saving.
  • heating water jacket is also provided with a water replenishing port.
  • the vacuum heating system further includes an induced draft fan, which is disposed between the second output port and the air inlet pipe.
  • the induced draft fan sends high-temperature exhaust smoke into the evaporator to recover waste heat. .
  • a three-way valve is installed on the drainage pipe, the first outlet of the three-way valve is connected to the water inlet of the heating water jacket, and the second outlet of the three-way valve is connected to the steam generator to facilitate the installation.
  • the steam generator replenishes water, making the entire system more environmentally friendly and energy-saving.
  • an exhaust valve is installed on the chimney to facilitate control of smoke exhaust.
  • the solar heating system includes a solar blackbody boiler and a heating pipe.
  • the heating pipe is placed in the solar blackbody boiler.
  • the heating pipe is connected to the outlet of the oil coil. Utilize Solar energy once again heats the crude oil without consuming other energy, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction in the system.
  • the solar heating system also includes a solar reflector.
  • the solar blackbody boiler is provided with a small hole.
  • the solar reflector is aligned with the small hole.
  • the heating tube is provided with a solar heat-absorbing coating. .
  • the solar reflector shoots sunlight from the small hole into the solar blackbody boiler.
  • the sunlight is diffusely reflected multiple times in the solar blackbody boiler. All its energy is absorbed by the heating tube installed in the solar blackbody boiler.
  • the temperature of the crude oil is further heated. There is no need to consume other energy, achieving energy saving and emission reduction of the system.
  • the solar blackbody boiler is in the shape of a cube, and the inner wall of the solar blackbody boiler is provided with a reflective layer.
  • the solar heating system also includes a light chasing device, which is connected to and drives the movement of the solar reflector so that it can better focus light.
  • the invention also discloses a method for heating crude oil, which utilizes the above-mentioned solar vacuum water jacket heating furnace special for oil fields.
  • the steps are as follows:
  • crude oil with a moisture content of 90% and a temperature of 20°C is fed into the vacuum heating system for heating.
  • the vacuum heater and steam generator absorb the exhaust heat of about 550°C from the chimney and generate 10 kilograms of steam that enters the jet
  • the ejector produces a suction effect, continuously pumping the water vapor in the vacuum heater into the sewage pool, forming a vacuum state in the vacuum heater, and reducing the boiling point of the liquid in the vacuum heater; the heat exchanger absorbs the steam generator and The heat of the chimney generates 90°C hot water that enters the heating water jacket to heat the crude oil in the vacuum heater, causing the water in the crude oil to evaporate into water vapor and enters the sewage pool through the ejector.
  • the 90°C hot water enters the heating water jacket. After releasing heat, it cools to 75°C and then flows back to the heat exchanger.
  • the crude oil with a moisture content of 90% and a temperature of 20°C is heated and concentrated in the vacuum heater into crude oil with a moisture content of 60% and a temperature of 70°C; Then, the crude oil with a moisture content of 60% and a temperature of 70°C is fed into the water jacket furnace heating system for further heating.
  • the crude oil with a moisture content of 60% and a temperature of 70°C passes through the oil coil and is heated in the water jacket furnace to After 85°C, it flows out of the water jacket furnace and enters the solar heating system to be further heated.
  • the crude oil with a moisture content of 60% and a temperature of 85°C enters the solar blackbody boiler and is further heated to 95°C by solar energy without consuming natural gas, which improves the overall efficiency of the process.
  • the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the system is provided.
  • the vacuum heating system of the present invention uses the vacuum method to remove moisture from crude oil while heating it, without consuming natural gas and significantly reducing energy consumption.
  • the solar heating system of the present invention uses a blackbody solar heating furnace to further heat the crude oil temperature from 85°C to 95°C by solar energy without consuming other energy, thus achieving energy conservation and emission reduction of the system.
  • the present invention adopts a multi-stage waste heat recovery method, uses the waste heat of the flue gas of the water jacket furnace to generate steam and hot water, and uses a solar blackbody boiler to heat crude oil. It has high energy utilization rate, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • the injector of the present invention uses high-pressure steam generated by waste heat to generate vacuum without consuming natural gas and has low energy consumption.
  • the present invention uses high-temperature hot water generated by the waste heat of the chimney to provide a heat source for the vacuum heater without consuming natural gas and has low energy consumption.
  • Figure 1 is a structural principle block diagram of a traditional water jacket furnace
  • FIG. 2 is a structural principle block diagram of the solar vacuum water jacket heating furnace for oil fields of the present invention.
  • a solar vacuum water jacket heating furnace dedicated to oil fields includes a vacuum heating system and a water jacket furnace heating system; the vacuum heating system includes a steam generator 11, a vacuum heater 12, an ejector 13 and a sewage pool. 16.
  • the upper end of the vacuum heater 12 is open, the ejector 13 is placed above the vacuum heater 12, and the vacuum heater 12 and the ejector 13 are connected to each other;
  • the water jacket furnace heating system includes water Jacket furnace 21, burner 22, smoke chamber 23, smoke tube 27, oil coil 24 and chimney 25.
  • the smoke chamber 23 and oil coil 24 are arranged inside the water jacket furnace 21.
  • the smoke chamber 23 The inlet and outlet are respectively connected to the burner 22 and the chimney 25 through a smoke pipe 27; the vacuum heater 12 is provided with a crude oil inlet and a crude oil outlet, and the crude oil outlet is connected to the inlet of the oil coil 24, and the steam
  • the generator 11 is connected to the chimney 25 and absorbs the exhaust heat of the chimney 25.
  • the steam generator 11 is provided with a first output port, and the first output port is connected to the injector 13 through a pipe.
  • the steam generated by the steam generator 11 is input into the ejector 13 through the first output port.
  • the ejector 13 generates a suction effect to continuously extract the water vapor in the vacuum heater 12 and discharge it into the sewage pool 16, so that the vacuum heater 12 A vacuum is formed in the vacuum heater 12.
  • the vacuum heater 12 Since the vacuum heater 12 is in a vacuum state, the boiling point of the liquid in the vacuum heater 12 will be lowered, so that the moisture contained in the crude oil in the vacuum heater 12 can evaporate into water vapor at a lower temperature and pass through the ejector. The suction action of 13 is discharged.
  • the vacuum heating system also includes a heat exchanger 14 and a heating water jacket 15.
  • the heat exchanger 14 is provided with an air inlet pipe, an exhaust pipe, a water inlet pipe and a drainage pipe.
  • the vacuum heater 12 is provided with Heating is performed in the heating water jacket 15,
  • the steam generator 11 is provided with a second output port, the second output port is connected to the air inlet pipe through a pipeline, and the exhaust pipe is connected to the chimney 25,
  • the drain pipe is connected to the water inlet of the heating water jacket 15 through a pipeline.
  • the heat exchanger 14 uses the heat of the steam generator to generate hot water to enter the heating water jacket to heat the crude oil in the vacuum heater 12 .
  • the water outlet of the heating water jacket 15 is connected to the water inlet pipe through a pipeline to realize water circulation, environmental protection and energy saving.
  • heating water jacket 15 is provided with a water replenishing port 151 .
  • the steam generator 11 may also be provided with a post-ignition burner (not shown in the figure) to further provide energy for the vacuum system.
  • the vacuum heating system also includes an induced draft fan 17.
  • the induced draft fan 17 is arranged between the second output port and the air inlet pipe. The high-temperature exhaust smoke is sent to the evaporator through the action of the induced draft fan 17. waste heat recovery.
  • a three-way valve 18 is installed on the drainage pipe, the inlet of the three-way valve 18 is connected to the drainage pipe of the heat exchanger 14, and the first outlet of the three-way valve 18 is connected to the heating water jacket 15
  • the water inlet, the second outlet of the three-way valve 18 is connected to the steam generator 11, which facilitates water replenishment of the steam generator 11, making the entire system more environmentally friendly and energy-saving.
  • an exhaust valve 26 is installed on the chimney 25 to facilitate control of smoke exhaust.
  • the solar heating system includes a solar blackbody boiler 31 and a heating pipe 32.
  • the heating pipe 32 is placed in the solar blackbody boiler 31.
  • the heating pipe 32 is connected to the oil pan.
  • the outlet of the pipe 24 uses solar energy to heat the crude oil again without consuming other energy, thus realizing energy saving and emission reduction of the system.
  • the solar heating system also includes a solar reflector 34.
  • the solar blackbody boiler is provided with a small hole 33.
  • the solar reflector 34 is aligned with the small hole 33.
  • the heating tube 32 is provided with a Solar heat absorbing coating.
  • the solar reflector 34 injects sunlight from a small hole into the solar blackbody boiler 31.
  • the sunlight undergoes multiple diffuse reflections in the solar blackbody boiler 31, and all its energy is absorbed by the heating tube 32 installed in the solar blackbody boiler 31.
  • the crude oil temperature is further heated without consuming other energy, achieving energy saving and emission reduction of the system.
  • the solar blackbody boiler 31 is in the shape of a cube, and the inner wall of the solar blackbody boiler 31 is provided with a reflective layer.
  • the invention also discloses a method for heating crude oil, which utilizes the above-mentioned solar vacuum water jacket heating furnace special for oil fields.
  • the steps are as follows:
  • crude oil with a moisture content of 90% and a temperature of 20°C is fed into the vacuum heating system for heating.
  • the vacuum heater and steam generator absorb the exhaust heat of about 550°C from the chimney and generate 10 kilograms of steam that enters the jet
  • the ejector produces a suction effect, continuously pumping the water vapor in the vacuum heater into the sewage pool, forming a vacuum state in the vacuum heater, and reducing the boiling point of the liquid in the vacuum heater; the heat exchanger absorbs the steam generator and The heat of the chimney generates 90°C hot water that enters the heating water jacket to heat the crude oil in the vacuum heater, causing the water in the crude oil to evaporate into water vapor and enters the sewage pool through the ejector.
  • the 90°C hot water enters the heating water jacket. After releasing heat, it cools to 75°C and then flows back to the heat exchanger.
  • the crude oil with a moisture content of 90% and a temperature of 20°C is heated and concentrated in the vacuum heater into crude oil with a moisture content of 60% and a temperature of 70°C; Then, the crude oil with a moisture content of 60% and a temperature of 70°C is fed into the water jacket furnace heating system for further heating.
  • the crude oil with a moisture content of 60% and a temperature of 70°C passes through the oil coil and is heated in the water jacket furnace to After 85°C, it flows out of the water jacket furnace and enters the solar heating system to be further heated.
  • the crude oil with a moisture content of 60% and a temperature of 85°C enters the solar blackbody boiler and is further heated to 95°C by solar energy without consuming natural gas, which improves the overall efficiency of the process.
  • the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the system is provided.
  • the present invention adopts a multi-stage waste heat recovery method: it uses the waste heat of the flue gas of the water jacket furnace to generate 10 kilograms of steam and 90°C hot water. At the same time, it uses a solar blackbody boiler to heat crude oil. It has high energy utilization rate, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • the present invention uses a vacuum method to remove moisture from crude oil while heating it: using the suction effect of 10 kilograms of steam to generate a vacuum in a vacuum heater, using 90°C hot water to boil and heat the crude oil, and removing the moisture while heating. Remove part of the water and save a lot of energy for the subsequent dehydration process.
  • the present invention adopts a black body type solar heating furnace. Several small holes are opened in the upper part of the furnace body. The sunlight is injected into the solar heating furnace from the small holes through the solar reflector that can rotate and move. The sunlight is in the square solar heating furnace. After multiple diffuse reflections, all its energy is absorbed by the crude oil heating pipes installed on the front and rear walls and bottom of the solar heating furnace. The temperature of the crude oil is further heated from 85°C to 95°C by solar energy without consuming other energy, achieving energy saving and reduction of the system. Row.
  • the injector of the present invention uses high-pressure steam generated by waste heat to generate vacuum without consuming natural gas.
  • the present invention uses high-temperature hot water generated by waste heat to provide a heat source for the vacuum heater without consuming natural gas.

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Abstract

一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，包括真空加热系统和水套炉加热系统；真空加热系统包括蒸汽发生器（11）、真空加热器（12）和喷射器（13），真空加热器（12）和喷射器（13）相互连通；水套炉加热系统包括水套炉（21）、燃烧器（22）、烟室（23）、油盘管（24）和烟囱（25），烟室（23）和油盘管（24）设置于水套炉（21）内部，烟室（23）的入口和出口分别通过烟管（27）连接燃烧器（22）和烟囱（25）；真空加热器（12）上设置有原油入口和原油出口，原油出口连接油盘管（24）的入口，蒸汽发生器（11）连接烟囱（25）并吸收烟囱（25）的排烟热量，蒸汽发生器（11）上设置有第一输出口，第一输出口连接喷射器（13）。该装置能源利用率高，节能环保。利用该加热炉对原油进行加热。

Description

一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉及原油加热方法 技术领域
本发明涉及油井生产技术领域，具体为一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉及原油加热方法。
背景技术
目前，大多油田水套加热炉采用天然气作为燃料，因天然气具有热值高、环保性好的优点，获得了广泛应用。但是近年来天然气价格越来越昂贵，造成水套加热炉运行成本居高不下。
此外，目前传统水套炉结构简单，传统水套炉结构详见说明书附图1。传统水套炉结构是通过燃烧器燃烧天然气形成的高温火焰，经过烟管和烟室，把热量放给水套炉中的热水并将热水加热到95℃。同时含水率为90％的20℃的冷油经过U型管被U型管外的95℃的热水加热到80度后排出水套炉，热油的含水量仍为90％，无任何浓缩作用。还需在后续工艺中加入大量热量来蒸发水分并浓缩形成原油。由于烟管和烟时面积较小，因此目前传统的水套炉的热效率较低，排烟温度高达550℃以上。导致燃料消耗巨大，亟待解决。
发明内容
为了解决上述背景技术提出的水套炉能耗大，无浓缩作用的问题，本方案提供一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，可 有效提高原油加热炉的热效率及整个系统的能源综合利用效率。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用技术方案为：一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，包括真空加热系统和水套炉加热系统；所述真空加热系统包括蒸汽发生器、真空加热器和喷射器，所述真空加热器和喷射器相互连通；所述水套炉加热系统包括水套炉、燃烧器、烟室、油盘管和烟囱，所述烟室和油盘管设置于所述水套炉内部，所述烟室的入口和出口分别连接所述燃烧器和烟囱；所述真空加热器上设置有原油入口和原油出口，所述原油出口连接所述油盘管的入口，所述蒸汽发生器连接所述烟囱并吸收所述烟囱的排烟热量，所述蒸汽发生器上设置有第一输出口，所述第一输出口通过管道连接所述喷射器，所述蒸汽发生器产生的蒸汽通过第一输出口输入喷射器中，喷射器产生抽吸作用不断将真空加热器中的水蒸气抽出，从而在真空加热器中形成真空，由于真空加热器处于真空状态，因而真空加热器中的液体沸点将会降低，使得真空加热器中原油含有的水分可以在较低温度蒸发变成水蒸气，通过喷射器的抽吸作用排出。
进一步的，所述蒸汽发生器上还设置有补燃燃烧机，以便为所述真空系统进一步提供能量。
进一步的，所述真空加热系统还包括有换热器和加热水套，所述换热器上设置有进气管、排气管、进水管和排水管，所述 真空加热器置于所述加热水套内进行加热，所述蒸汽发生器上设置有第二输出口，所述第二输出口通过管道连接所述进气管，所述排气管连接所述烟囱，所述排水管通过管道连接所述加热水套的入水口，换热器利用蒸汽发生器所吸收的烟气热量产生的热水，进入加热水套来加热真空加热器中的原油。其中，所述加热水套的出水口通过管道连接所述进水管，实现水循环，环保节能。
进一步的，所述加热水套上还设置有补水口。
进一步的，所述真空加热系统还包括有引风机，所述引风机设置于所述第二输出口和所述进气管之间，通过引风机的作用将高温排烟送入蒸发器中回收余热。
进一步的，所述排水管上安装有三通阀，所述三通阀的第一出口连接所述加热水套的入水口，所述三通阀的第二出口连接所述蒸汽发生器，方便对蒸汽发生器进行补水，使得整个系统更加环保节能。
进一步的，所述烟囱上安装有排气阀，方便控制排烟。
进一步的，还包括有太阳能加热系统，所述太阳能加热系统包括太阳能黑体锅炉和加热管，所述加热管置于所述太阳能黑体锅炉内，所述加热管连接所述油盘管的出口，利用太阳能再一次对原油加热，无需消耗其他能源，实现了系统的节能减排。
进一步的，所述太阳能加热系统还包括有太阳能反射镜， 所述太阳能黑体锅炉上开设有小孔，所述太阳能反射镜对准所述小孔，所述加热管上设置有太阳能吸热涂层。太阳能反射镜将太阳光从小孔射入太阳能黑体锅炉中，太阳光在太阳能黑体锅炉中经过多次漫反射，其能量全部被安装在太阳能黑体锅炉内的加热管所吸收，原油温度进一步加热，无需消耗其他能源，实现了系统的节能减排。其中，所述太阳能黑体锅炉呈正方体形，所述太阳能黑体锅炉的内壁设有反射层。
进一步的，所述太阳能加热系统还包括有追光装置，所述追光装置连接并驱动所述太阳能反射镜运动，使得其能更好的聚光。
本发明还公开一种原油加热方法，利用上述的一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，其步骤如下：
首先将含水率为90％、温度为20℃的原油输进所述真空加热系统进行加热，所述真空加热器，蒸汽发生器吸收烟囱约550℃的排烟热量，产生10公斤的蒸汽进入喷射器，通过喷射器产生抽吸作用，不断将真空加热器中的水蒸气抽出进入污水池，使真空加热器中形成真空状态，真空加热器中的液体沸点降低；换热器吸收蒸汽发生器和烟囱的热量，产生90℃的热水进入加热水套来加热真空加热器中的原油，使原油中的水分蒸发变成水蒸气通过喷射器进入污水池，90℃的热水在加热水套中放热后降温到75℃后流回换热器，含水率为90％、温度为20℃的原油在所述真空加热器中被加热浓缩为含水率为60％、温度为 70℃的原油；接着将含水率为60％、温度为70℃的原油输进水套炉加热系统进一步加热，含水率为60％、温度为70℃的原油经过所述油盘管，在水套炉中加热到85℃后流出水套炉进入所述太阳能加热系统再进一步被加热，含水率为60％、温度为85℃的原油进入太阳能黑体锅炉后被太阳能进一步加热到95℃，无需消耗天然气，提高了整个系统的能源综合利用效率。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明的真空加热系统采用真空法在加热原油的同时脱除其水分，无需消耗天然气，能耗大幅度降低。
2、本发明的太阳能加热系统采用黑体式太阳能加热炉将原油温度由85℃被太阳能进一步加热到95℃，无需消耗其他能源，实现了系统的节能减排。
3、本发明采用多级余热回收方式，利用水套炉的烟气余热产生蒸汽和热水，同时利用太阳能黑体锅炉来加热原油，能源利用率高，节能环保。
4、本发明的喷射器(利用抽吸引射原理)利用余热所产生的高压蒸汽来产生真空，无需消耗天然气，能耗低。
5、本发明利用烟囱余热所产生的高温热水为真空加热器提供热源，无需消耗天然气，能耗低。
附图说明
图1为传统水套炉结构原理框图；
图2为本发明的油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉的结构原 理框图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行进一步的说明。值得注意的是，这些具体实施例仅为本发明代表性之具体实施例，其中所举例之特定方法、装置、条件、材质等并非用以限定本发明或对应之具体实施例。此为，图中各装置仅用于表达其相对位置且未按其实际比例绘述，合先叙明。
如图2所示，一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，包括真空加热系统和水套炉加热系统；所述真空加热系统包括蒸汽发生器11、真空加热器12、喷射器13和污水池16，所述真空加热器12上端开口，所述喷射器13置于所述真空加热器12的上方，并且所述真空加热器12和喷射器13相互连通；所述水套炉加热系统包括水套炉21、燃烧器22、烟室23、烟管27、油盘管24和烟囱25，所述烟室23和油盘管24设置于所述水套炉21内部，所述烟室23的入口和出口分别通过烟管27连接所述燃烧器22和烟囱25；所述真空加热器12上设置有原油入口和原油出口，所述原油出口连接所述油盘管24的入口，所述蒸汽发生器11连接所述烟囱25并吸收所述烟囱25的排烟热量，所述蒸汽发生器11上设置有第一输出口，所述第一输出口通过管道连接所述喷射器13，所述蒸汽发生器11产生的蒸汽通过第一输出口输入喷射器13中，喷射器13产生抽吸作用不断将真空加热器12中的水蒸气抽出并排放至污水池16中，从而在真 空加热器12中形成真空，由于真空加热器12处于真空状态，因而真空加热器12中的液体沸点将会降低，使得真空加热器12中原油含有的水分可以在较低温度蒸发变成水蒸气，通过喷射器13的抽吸作用排出。
进一步的，所述真空加热系统还包括有换热器14、加热水套15，所述换热器14上设置有进气管、排气管、进水管和排水管，所述真空加热器12置于所述加热水套15内进行加热，所述蒸汽发生器11上设置有第二输出口，所述第二输出口通过管道连接所述进气管，所述排气管连接所述烟囱25，所述排水管通过管道连接所述加热水套15的入水口，换热器14利用蒸汽发生器的热量产生的热水进入加热水套来加热真空加热器12中的原油。其中，所述加热水套15的出水口通过管道连接所述进水管，实现水循环，环保节能。
进一步的，所述加热水套15上设置有补水口151。
进一步的，所述蒸汽发生器11上还可以设置有补燃燃烧机(图中未示出)，以便为所述真空系统进一步提供能量。
进一步的，所述真空加热系统还包括有引风机17，所述引风机17设置于所述第二输出口和所述进气管之间，通过引风机17的作用将高温排烟送入蒸发器中回收余热。
进一步的，所述排水管上安装有三通阀18，所述三通阀18的入口连接所述换热器14的排水管，所述三通阀18的第一出口连接所述加热水套15的入水口，所述三通阀18的第二出口 连接所述蒸汽发生器11，方便对蒸汽发生器11进行补水，使得整个系统更加环保节能。
进一步的，所述烟囱25上安装有排气阀26，方便控制排烟。
进一步的，还包括有太阳能加热系统，所述太阳能加热系统包括太阳能黑体锅炉31和加热管32，所述加热管32置于所述太阳能黑体锅炉31内，所述加热管32连接所述油盘管24的出口，利用太阳能再一次对原油加热，无需消耗其他能源，实现了系统的节能减排。
进一步的，所述太阳能加热系统还包括有太阳能反射镜34，所述太阳能黑体锅炉上开设有小孔33，所述太阳能反射镜34对准所述小孔33，所述加热管32上设置有太阳能吸热涂层。太阳能反射镜34将太阳光从小孔射入太阳能黑体锅炉31中，太阳光在太阳能黑体锅炉31中经过多次漫反射，其能量全部被安装在太阳能黑体锅炉31内的加热管32所吸收，原油温度进一步加热，无需消耗其他能源，实现了系统的节能减排。其中，所述太阳能黑体锅炉31呈正方体形，所述太阳能黑体锅炉31的内壁设有反射层。
本发明还公开一种原油加热方法，利用上述的一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，其步骤如下：
首先将含水率为90％、温度为20℃的原油输进所述真空加热系统进行加热，所述真空加热器，蒸汽发生器吸收烟囱约550℃的排烟热量，产生10公斤的蒸汽进入喷射器，通过喷射 器产生抽吸作用，不断将真空加热器中的水蒸气抽出进入污水池，使真空加热器中形成真空状态，真空加热器中的液体沸点降低；换热器吸收蒸汽发生器和烟囱的热量，产生90℃的热水进入加热水套来加热真空加热器中的原油，使原油中的水分蒸发变成水蒸气通过喷射器进入污水池，90℃的热水在加热水套中放热后降温到75℃后流回换热器，含水率为90％、温度为20℃的原油在所述真空加热器中被加热浓缩为含水率为60％、温度为70℃的原油；接着将含水率为60％、温度为70℃的原油输进水套炉加热系统进一步加热，含水率为60％、温度为70℃的原油经过所述油盘管，在水套炉中加热到85℃后流出水套炉进入所述太阳能加热系统再进一步被加热，含水率为60％、温度为85℃的原油进入太阳能黑体锅炉后被太阳能进一步加热到95℃，无需消耗天然气，提高了整个系统的能源综合利用效率。
本发明具有如下特点：
1.本发明采用多级余热回收方式：利用水套炉的烟气余热产生10公斤的蒸汽和90℃的热水，同时利用太阳能黑体锅炉来加热原油，能源利用率高，节能环保。
2.本发明采用真空法在加热原油的同时脱除其水分：利用10公斤的蒸汽的抽吸作用在真空加热器中产生真空，利用90℃的热水将原油沸腾加热，在加热的同事脱除部分水分，为后续脱水工艺节约大量能源。
3.本发明采用黑体式太阳能加热炉，在炉体上部开设若干 个小孔，通过可以旋转移动的太阳能反射镜将太阳光从小孔射入太阳能加热炉中，太阳光在方形太阳能加热炉中经过多次漫反射，其能量全部被安装在太阳能加热炉前后壁面和底部的原油加热管所吸收，原油温度由85℃被太阳能进一步加热到95℃，无需消耗其他能源，实现了系统的节能减排。
4.本发明的喷射器(利用抽吸引射原理)利用余热所产生的高压蒸汽来产生真空，无需消耗天然气。
5.本发明利用余热所产生的高温热水为真空加热器提供热源，无需消耗天然气。
以上所述者，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当不能以此限定本发明实施的范围，即大凡依本发明申请专利范围及发明说明内容所作的简单等效变化与修饰，皆仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，其特征在于，包括真空加热系统和水套炉加热系统；所述真空加热系统包括蒸汽发生器、真空加热器和喷射器，所述真空加热器和喷射器相互连通；所述水套炉加热系统包括水套炉、燃烧器、烟室、油盘管和烟囱，所述烟室和油盘管设置于所述水套炉内部，所述烟室的入口和出口分别连接所述燃烧器和烟囱；所述真空加热器上设置有原油入口和原油出口，所述原油出口连接所述油盘管的入口，所述蒸汽发生器连接所述烟囱并吸收所述烟囱的排烟热量，所述蒸汽发生器上设置有第一输出口，所述第一输出口连接所述喷射器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，其特征在于，所述真空加热系统还包括有换热器和加热水套，所述换热器上设置有进气管、排气管、进水管和排水管，所述真空加热器置于所述加热水套内，所述蒸汽发生器上设置有第二输出口，所述第二输出口连接所述进气管。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，其特征在于，所述加热水套的出水口连接所述进水管。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，其特征在于，所述真空加热系统还包括有引风机，所述引风机设置于所述第二输出口和所述进气管之间。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加 热炉，其特征在于，所述排水管上安装有三通阀，所述三通阀的第一出口连接所述加热水套的入水口，所述三通阀的第二出口连接所述蒸汽发生器。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，其特征在于，所述烟囱上安装有排气阀。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，其特征在于，还包括有太阳能加热系统，所述太阳能加热系统包括太阳能黑体锅炉和加热管，所述加热管置于所述太阳能黑体锅炉内，所述加热管的入口连接所述油盘管的出口。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，其特征在于，所述太阳能加热系统还包括有太阳能反射镜，所述太阳能黑体锅炉上开设有小孔，所述太阳能反射镜对准所述小孔，所述加热管上设置有太阳能吸热涂层。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，其特征在于，所述太阳能黑体锅炉呈正方体，所述太阳能黑体锅炉的内壁设有反射层。
  10. 一种原油加热方法，其特征在于，利用权利要求7所述的一种油田专用太阳能真空水套加热炉，执行如下步骤：
    首先将含水率为90％、温度为20℃的原油输进所述真空加热系统进行加热，所述蒸汽发生器吸收烟囱的排烟热量，产生蒸汽进入喷射器，通过喷射器产生抽吸作用，不断将真空加热器中的水蒸气抽出进入污水池，使真空加热器中形成真空状态， 换热器吸收蒸汽发生器和烟囱的热量，产生90℃的热水进入加热水套来加热真空加热器中的原油，使原油中的水分蒸发变成水蒸气通过喷射器抽出进入污水池，90℃的热水在加热水套中放热后降温到75℃后流回换热器，含水率为90％、温度为20℃的原油在所述真空加热器中被加热浓缩为含水率为60％、温度为70℃的原油；接着将含水率为60％、温度为70℃的原油输进水套炉加热系统进一步加热，含水率为60％、温度为70℃的原油经过所述油盘管，在水套炉中加热到85℃后流出水套炉进入所述太阳能加热系统再进一步被加热，含水率为60％、温度为85℃的原油进入太阳能黑体锅炉后被太阳能进一步加热到95℃。
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