WO2023231951A1 - Method and apparatus for grading scrap preheating, and electronic device and storage medium - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for grading scrap preheating, and electronic device and storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023231951A1
WO2023231951A1 PCT/CN2023/096783 CN2023096783W WO2023231951A1 WO 2023231951 A1 WO2023231951 A1 WO 2023231951A1 CN 2023096783 W CN2023096783 W CN 2023096783W WO 2023231951 A1 WO2023231951 A1 WO 2023231951A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
scrap steel
raw materials
level
steel raw
scrap
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PCT/CN2023/096783
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
朱立光
鲁素玲
郭志红
杨春牛
郑亚旭
韩宝臣
王旗
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河北科技大学
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Priority to ZA2023/10047A priority Critical patent/ZA202310047B/en
Publication of WO2023231951A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023231951A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
    • C21C5/562—Manufacture of steel by other methods starting from scrap
    • C21C5/565—Preheating of scrap
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
    • G06Q10/06312—Adjustment or analysis of established resource schedule, e.g. resource or task levelling, or dynamic rescheduling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
    • G06Q10/06313—Resource planning in a project environment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/04—Manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2300/00—Process aspects
    • C21C2300/06—Modeling of the process, e.g. for control purposes; CII
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/04—Constraint-based CAD
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of scrap steel metallurgy, and in particular to a grading method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium for scrap steel preheating.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a scrap steel preheating grading method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium to solve the problem that the existing technology does not consider a reasonable distribution method when using scrap steel preheating, which will still cause energy waste, Low efficiency problem.
  • the present invention provides a scrap steel preheating grading method, including:
  • the scrap raw materials to be processed are divided into M levels;
  • the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials is determined according to the preset objective function; the preset constraints are constructed based on the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the preset objective function is based on each level of scrap steel raw materials.
  • the specific surface area coefficient is determined;
  • N types of distribution methods of each grade of scrap steel raw materials in the scrap steel preheating device are determined;
  • the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials include the amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the bulk density of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the cost of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the inventory of each level of scrap steel raw materials.
  • the preset constraints include: a first constraint, a second constraint, a third constraint and a fourth constraint;
  • the first constraint is: ;
  • x i is the amount of scrap steel raw material of level i
  • p i is the bulk density of scrap steel raw material of level i
  • V max is the maximum capacity of scrap steel preheating device
  • V min is the nominal capacity of scrap steel preheating device.
  • the second constraint is: ;
  • C i is the unit price of the i -th level scrap steel raw material
  • C min is the preset lower threshold of the total cost
  • C max is the preset upper threshold of the total cost
  • the third constraint is: ;
  • ⁇ i is the ratio of the inventory of scrap steel raw materials of the i- th level to the preset number of steelmaking heats
  • w is the maximum capacity of the scrap steel preheating device
  • y 1 is the amount of priming material
  • y 1min is the minimum amount of priming material required by the scrap steel preheating device.
  • the preset objective function is:
  • x i is the added amount of the i-th level scrap steel raw material
  • a i is the specific surface area coefficient of the i- th level scrap steel raw material.
  • the formula for calculating the preheating temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods is:
  • T ij is the preheating temperature of the i- th level scrap steel raw material in the j -th distribution mode
  • s i is the specific surface area of the i-th level scrap steel raw material
  • ⁇ is the convection heat transfer coefficient
  • p i is the i -th level scrap steel raw material.
  • the bulk density of grade scrap steel raw material is the specific heat capacity, t is the preheating time to reach the preset temperature, k 1ij is the quality coefficient of the i- th grade scrap steel raw material in the j -th distribution mode, k 2i is the i -th grade scrap steel raw material
  • T gij is the flue gas temperature of the i- th grade scrap steel raw materials in the j-th distribution mode, and T s is the initial temperature.
  • the optimal distribution method is determined based on the preheating temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw materials in various distribution methods, including: for each distribution method, calculating all grades of scrap steel in this distribution method The difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in the preheating temperature of the raw material is used as the temperature difference value under this distribution method; select the distribution method corresponding to the minimum temperature difference value as the optimal distribution method; or, for each distribution method method, calculate the average temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap steel raw materials under this distribution method; select the distribution method corresponding to the highest average temperature value as the optimal distribution method; or, for each distribution method, obtain the The maximum temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap raw materials in the distribution mode; select the distribution mode with the highest temperature value lower than the preset threshold as the optimal distribution mode; where the preset threshold is based on the solidus line of the scrap raw material Sure.
  • the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials is determined according to the preset objective function, including:
  • a planning algorithm is used to solve the preset objective function, and the solution result is used as the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials.
  • the present invention provides a scrap steel preheating grading device, including:
  • the division module is used to divide the scrap raw materials to be processed into M levels based on the predetermined scrap grading standards
  • the first calculation module is used to determine the adding amount of scrap steel raw materials of each level based on the preset objective function based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials; the preset constraints are constructed based on the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the preset target The function is determined based on the specific surface area of each grade of scrap steel raw materials;
  • the second calculation module is used to determine the N distribution methods of each level of scrap steel raw materials in the scrap steel preheating device according to the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials;
  • the selection module is used to calculate the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods, and determine the optimal distribution method based on the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods.
  • the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor.
  • the memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor.
  • the processor executes the computer program, it implements the above first aspect or any of the first aspects.
  • One possible way to achieve this is the steps of the grading method for scrap steel preheating.
  • the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the above first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect is implemented. Steps of the grading method for scrap preheating.
  • the invention provides a grading method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium for scrap steel preheating.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the implementation of the scrap steel preheating grading method provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a scrap steel preheating grading device provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a scrap steel preheating grading method can include:
  • the scrap raw materials to be processed are divided into M levels.
  • M is a positive integer, for example, M can be 4.
  • the scrap steel raw material to be processed is scrap steel that needs to be preheated.
  • the scrap steel raw materials can be classified according to the specifications and parameters of the scrap steel raw materials to determine the scrap steel grading standards. Specification parameters can include characteristic dimensions, bulk density, category, specific surface area, etc. Grading scrap raw materials can improve scrap processing efficiency.
  • optical image processing methods can be used to collect the specification parameters of scrap steel raw materials, and the length and thickness of scrap steel raw materials can be obtained.
  • the AI intelligent recognition method can be used to identify and read parameters such as the size and type of scrap steel raw materials to obtain the specifications and parameters of scrap steel raw materials.
  • scrap raw materials can be divided into four major levels according to specification parameters, that is, the scrap grading standards can be as shown in Table 1, as follows:
  • S102 based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials, determine the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials according to the preset objective function; the preset constraints are constructed based on the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the preset objective function is based on each level of scrap steel raw materials.
  • the specific surface area coefficient of scrap steel raw material is determined.
  • the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials may include the addition amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the bulk density of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the cost of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the inventory of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the nominal name of the scrap steel preheating device. weight and other parameters.
  • a planning algorithm can be used to solve the preset objective function, and the solution result can be used as the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials. Calculating the reasonable addition amount of each grade of scrap steel raw materials through constraint conditions can improve the processing and preheating efficiency of scrap steel raw materials.
  • the constraint function is used to solve the optimal solution problem of variables in planning; the value range of the variable is limited by setting constraint conditions on the variables; and the optimal solution of the constraint function is calculated through the planning algorithm.
  • planning algorithms include interval approximation algorithms.
  • N can be calculated based on M, that is, N is , a positive integer, for example, when M is 4, N is 24.
  • the scrap raw materials need to be preheated in the scrap preheating device, and the distribution method of the scrap raw materials needs to be determined.
  • N types of distribution methods of each level of scrap steel raw materials in the scrap steel preheating device are determined by permutation and combination.
  • S104 Calculate the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods, and determine the optimal distribution method based on the preheating temperatures of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods.
  • different distribution methods can correspond to different preheating temperatures, that is, corresponding to different heating power consumption.
  • the constraint parameters of the formula for the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials can include the addition amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials, bulk density, specific surface area, height in the preheating device, etc.
  • T ij is the preheating temperature of the i- th grade scrap steel raw material in the j -th distribution mode
  • s i is the specific surface area of the i -th grade scrap steel raw material
  • ⁇ is the convection heat transfer coefficient
  • p i is the i- th grade scrap steel
  • c is the specific heat capacity
  • t is the preheating time to reach the preset temperature
  • k 1ij is the quality coefficient of the i -th level scrap steel raw material in the j-th distribution method
  • k 2i is the i -th level
  • T gij is the flue gas temperature of the i -th level scrap raw material in the j -th distribution mode
  • T s is the initial temperature.
  • the specific heat capacity in the above formula can be the average specific heat capacity of each scrap steel raw material, and the specific heat capacity can be selected according to the actual situation.
  • the convection heat transfer coefficient can also be the average convection heat transfer coefficient of each scrap steel raw material.
  • the preset temperatures for different scrap steel raw materials can be the same, and can all be T.
  • the preheating time for different scrap raw materials can be the same.
  • the initial temperatures T s of scrap steel raw materials of various levels are not much different and can be the same to reduce the complexity of calculation.
  • the flue gas temperature generally refers to the average temperature of the flue gas in the scrap steel preheating device, that is, the flue gas temperature is the flue gas temperature after the scrap steel preheating device is stabilized.
  • the specific temperature can be obtained according to the actual situation.
  • k 1ij is the quality coefficient, which is the coefficient of the influence of different grades of scrap steel raw materials on preheating. The more mass added, the smaller the coefficient, and the lower the average preheating temperature. At the same time, this coefficient is also related to the type and arrangement of scrap steel.
  • the quality coefficient k 1ij is determined based on simulation tests. It is affected by the distribution method. Scrap raw materials with different distribution methods correspond to different quality coefficients.
  • k 2i is the shape comprehensive coefficient.
  • the shape and size of different grades of scrap steel raw materials are statistically calculated. Based on the influence of shape and size on the preheating temperature, the shape comprehensive coefficient of each grade of scrap steel raw materials is obtained. Each type of scrap steel raw material has different preheating temperatures due to different shapes and sizes under the same specific surface area.
  • the shape comprehensive coefficient k 2i is determined based on simulation tests. Each scrap steel raw material corresponds to a shape comprehensive coefficient, and the shape comprehensive coefficient is not affected by the distribution method.
  • the embodiment of the present invention not only maintains the convenience of one-time preheating, but also improves the phenomenon of uneven preheating temperature caused when the preheating temperature is increased by calculating the reasonable addition amount and optimal distribution method of each grade of scrap steel raw materials.
  • the preset constraints in S102 above may include: a first constraint, a second constraint, a third constraint and a fourth constraint;
  • the first constraint is: ;
  • x i is the amount of scrap steel raw material of level i
  • p i is the bulk density of scrap steel raw material of level i
  • V max is the maximum capacity of scrap steel preheating device
  • V min is the allowable capacity under the nominal capacity of scrap steel preheating device. the minimum capacity
  • the second constraint is: ;
  • C i is the unit price of the i-th level scrap steel raw material
  • C min is the preset lower threshold of the total cost
  • C max is the preset upper threshold of the total cost; for example, the unit price can be expressed as "yuan/ton"", the unit of the amount of scrap steel raw material added can be "tons”.
  • the third constraint is: ;
  • ⁇ i is the ratio of the inventory of scrap steel raw materials of the i- th level to the preset number of steelmaking heats
  • the fourth constraint is: ;
  • w is the maximum accommodation mass of the scrap steel preheating device
  • y 1 is the amount of bedding material
  • y 1min is the minimum amount of bedding material required by the scrap preheating device.
  • the first constraint constrains the amount of scrap raw materials at each level through the bulk density function
  • the second constraint constrains the amount of scrap raw materials at each level through cost
  • the third constraint constrains the inventory of scrap steel raw materials at each level.
  • the amount of scrap steel raw materials added at each level is restricted.
  • the fourth constraint condition restricts the amount added of each level of scrap steel raw materials through the weight of the scrap steel preheating device.
  • the preset objective function in S102 above is:
  • x i is the added amount of the i-th level scrap steel raw material
  • a i is the specific surface area coefficient of the i- th level scrap steel raw material.
  • the specific surface area coefficient is a coefficient assigned based on the data of the specific surface area of each grade of scrap steel.
  • different distribution methods are obtained by permuting and combining the amounts of scrap steel raw materials of each level, and the temperatures of scrap steel raw materials of each level under different distribution methods are calculated. The temperature difference, the average temperature and the maximum value are calculated. Comparison of temperatures results in the optimal distribution method.
  • Determining the optimal distribution method based on the preheating temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw material under various distribution methods can include:
  • each distribution method calculates the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature among the preheating temperatures of all grades of scrap steel raw materials under the distribution method, and use it as the temperature difference value under the distribution method; select the distribution corresponding to the minimum temperature difference value distribution method as the optimal distribution method; or,
  • each distribution method calculates the average temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap steel raw materials under the distribution method; select the distribution method corresponding to the highest average temperature value as the optimal distribution method; or,
  • each distribution method obtain the maximum temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap steel raw materials in the distribution method; select the distribution method with the highest temperature value lower than the preset threshold as the optimal distribution method; where,
  • the preset threshold is determined based on the solidus line of the scrap raw material, and the preset threshold can be a value 100°C lower than the solidus line of the scrap steel.
  • a 130-ton electric arc furnace scrap material is preheated.
  • the default objective function is: .
  • Preset constraints include:
  • the raw material costs of the first to fourth grade scrap steel are 2600 yuan/ton, 2500 yuan/ton, 2700 yuan/ton, 2800 yuan respectively.
  • Yuan/ton C+3000 is the upper limit threshold of the preset cost
  • C-3000 is the lower limit threshold of the preset cost
  • C is the average total cost of scrap steel raw materials per ton in long-term production
  • 3000 is the preset maximum cost change of Yuan amplitude.
  • first-level to fourth-level scrap steel raw materials are: 17.2 tons, 20.2 tons, 10 tons and 22.6 tons respectively.
  • the distribution method corresponding to the minimum temperature difference value is selected as the optimal distribution method, and distribution plan 18 is selected.
  • the distribution method selected by the scrap steel preheating grading method provided by the embodiment of the invention during the smelting of the 130-ton electric arc furnace reduces the consumption of electric energy in the smelting process by 5kwh/t and saves electrode consumption. 0.3 ⁇ 0.5kg/t, while shortening the smelting cycle by 3 minutes.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the scrap preheating of a 300-ton converter. Without affecting the heat balance of the converter, 4105 kg of scrap steel can be added, and the scrap steel ratio is increased by nearly 1%.
  • the embodiment of the present invention obtains the optimal adding amount of scrap steel at each level by constructing the constraint equation and objective function of scrap steel raw materials; performs permutations and combinations based on the adding amounts of scrap steel raw materials at each level to obtain different distribution methods, and calculates the The temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw materials is compared to the temperature difference, average temperature and maximum temperature to obtain the optimal distribution method. It improves the overall preheating temperature and preheating uniformity, while also reducing energy consumption, shortening the smelting cycle, and achieving low-carbon and high-efficiency effects.
  • the embodiment of the present invention achieves the goal of optimizing distribution through a linear programming mathematical model and a preheating temperature function, which not only maintains the convenience of one-time preheating, but also improves the phenomenon of uneven preheating temperature caused when the preheating temperature is increased.
  • the mathematical model constructed by the embodiments provided by the present invention can achieve fast computer operations, accurate calculation results, improve production efficiency, help maintain the stability of process smelting, and effectively reduce the smelting cycle. It has strong operability and is easy to popularize.
  • sequence number of each step in the above embodiment does not mean the order of execution.
  • the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a scrap steel preheating grading device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. For ease of explanation, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown. The details are as follows:
  • the scrap preheating grading device 20 may include:
  • the dividing module 201 is used to divide the scrap raw materials to be processed into M levels based on the predetermined scrap grading standards;
  • the first calculation module 202 is used to determine the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials according to the preset objective function based on the preset constraint conditions of each level of scrap steel raw materials; the preset constraint conditions are constructed based on the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the preset The objective function is determined based on the specific surface area of each grade of scrap steel raw materials;
  • the second calculation module 203 is used to determine N distribution methods of each level of scrap steel raw materials in the scrap steel preheating device according to the added amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials;
  • the selection module 204 is used to calculate the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods, and determine the optimal distribution method according to the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods.
  • the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials include the amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the bulk density of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the cost of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the inventory of each level of scrap steel raw materials.
  • the preset constraints may include: a first constraint, a second constraint, a third constraint and a fourth constraint;
  • the first constraint is: ;
  • x i is the amount of scrap steel raw material of level i
  • p i is the bulk density of scrap steel raw material of level i
  • V max is the maximum capacity of scrap steel preheating device
  • V min is the allowable capacity under the nominal capacity of scrap steel preheating device. the minimum capacity
  • the second constraint is: ;
  • C i is the unit price of the i -th level scrap steel raw material
  • C min is the preset lower threshold of the total cost
  • C max is the preset upper threshold of the total cost
  • the third constraint is: ;
  • ⁇ i is the ratio of the inventory of scrap steel raw materials of the i- th level to the preset number of steelmaking heats
  • the fourth constraint is: ;
  • w is the maximum capacity of the scrap steel preheating device
  • y 1 is the amount of priming material
  • y 1min is the minimum amount of priming material required by the scrap steel preheating device.
  • the preset objective function is:
  • x i is the added amount of the i-th level scrap steel raw material
  • a i is the specific surface area coefficient of the i- th level scrap steel raw material.
  • the formula for calculating the preheating temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution modes is:
  • T ij is the preheating temperature of the i- th level scrap steel raw material in the j -th distribution mode
  • s i is the specific surface area of the i-th level scrap steel raw material
  • ⁇ is the convection heat transfer coefficient
  • p i is the i -th level scrap steel raw material.
  • the bulk density of grade scrap steel raw material is the specific heat capacity, t is the preheating time to reach the preset temperature, k 1ij is the quality coefficient of the i- th grade scrap steel raw material in the j -th distribution method, k 2i is the i -th grade scrap steel raw material
  • T gij is the flue gas temperature of the i- th grade scrap steel raw materials in the j-th distribution mode, and T s is the initial temperature.
  • the selection module 204 may include a first computing unit, a second computing unit, or a third computing unit:
  • the first calculation unit is used to calculate, for each distribution mode, the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature among the preheating temperatures of all grades of scrap steel raw materials in the distribution mode, as the temperature difference value in the distribution mode; Select the distribution method corresponding to the minimum temperature difference value as the optimal distribution method;
  • the second calculation unit is used for each distribution method to calculate the average temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap steel raw materials in the distribution method; select the distribution method corresponding to the highest average temperature value as the optimal distribution method ;
  • the third calculation unit is used for each distribution method to obtain the maximum temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap steel raw materials in the distribution method; select the distribution method corresponding to the maximum temperature value lower than the preset threshold as the best Optimized distribution method; among them, the preset threshold is determined based on the solidus line of scrap steel raw materials.
  • the first computing module 202 may include:
  • the fourth calculation unit is used to solve the preset objective function using a planning algorithm based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and use the solution results as the addition amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electronic device 30 of this embodiment includes: a processor 300 and a memory 301 .
  • the memory 301 includes a computer program 302 that can run on the processor 300 .
  • the processor 300 executes the computer program 302
  • the steps in each of the above scrap steel preheating grading method embodiments are implemented, such as S101 to S104 shown in Figure 1.
  • the processor 300 executes the computer program 302, it implements the functions of each module/unit in each of the above device embodiments, such as the functions of the modules/units 201 to 204 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the computer program 302 can be divided into one or more modules/units, and one or more modules/units are stored in the memory 301 and executed by the processor 300 to complete the present invention.
  • One or more modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of completing specific functions. The instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program 302 in the electronic device 30 .
  • the computer program 302 may be divided into the modules/units 201 to 204 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the electronic device 30 may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a PDA, a cloud server, etc.
  • the electronic device 30 may include, but is not limited to, a processor 300 and a memory 301 .
  • FIG. 3 is only an example of the electronic device 30 and does not constitute a limitation of the electronic device 30. It may include more or less components than shown in the figure, or some components may be combined, or different components may be used. , for example, electronic devices may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.
  • the so-called processor 300 can be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), or other general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor, etc.
  • the memory 301 may be an internal storage unit of the electronic device 30 , such as a hard disk or memory of the electronic device 30 .
  • the memory 301 may also be an external storage device of the electronic device 30 , such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash memory card (Flash) equipped on the electronic device 30 Card) etc.
  • the memory 301 may also include both an internal storage unit of the electronic device 30 and an external storage device.
  • Memory 301 is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the electronic device.
  • the memory 301 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
  • Module completion means dividing the internal structure of the device into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.
  • Each functional unit and module in the embodiment can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit can be hardware-based. It can also be implemented in the form of software functional units.
  • the specific names of each functional unit and module are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
  • For the specific working processes of the units and modules in the above system please refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be described again here.
  • the disclosed apparatus/electronic equipment and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device/electronic equipment embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of modules or units is only a logical function division.
  • there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components. can be combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • a unit described as a separate component may or may not be physically separate.
  • a component shown as a unit may or may not be a physical unit, that is, it may be located in one place, or it may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.
  • Integrated modules/units may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products.
  • the present invention can implement all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments, and can also be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program.
  • the computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program can be processed after being processed. When the processor is executed, the steps of each of the above scrap steel preheating grading method embodiments can be realized.
  • the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form, etc.
  • Computer-readable media can include: any entity or device that can carry computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunications signals, and software distribution media, etc.

Abstract

Provided in the present invention are a method and apparatus for grading scrap preheating, and an electronic device and a storage medium. The method comprises: on the basis of a predetermined scrap classification standard, dividing into M grades scrap raw materials to be processed; on the basis of preset restriction conditions of the scrap raw material of each grade, determining the addition amount of the scrap raw material of each grade according to a preset objective function, wherein the preset restriction conditions are constructed according to attribute parameters of the scrap raw material of each grade, and the preset objective function is determined according to a specific surface area coefficient of the scrap raw material of each grade; according to the addition amount of the scrap raw material of each grade, determining N distribution manners of the scrap raw material of each grade in a scrap preheating apparatus; calculating a preheating temperature of the scrap raw material of each grade in each distribution manner, and determining an optimal distribution manner according to the preheating temperature of the scrap raw material of each grade in each distribution manner. By means of the present invention, scrap preheating efficiency can be improved, thereby reducing the power consumption.

Description

废钢预热的级配方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质Grading methods, devices, electronic equipment and storage media for scrap steel preheating 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及废钢冶金技术领域，尤其涉及一种废钢预热的级配方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质。The invention relates to the technical field of scrap steel metallurgy, and in particular to a grading method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium for scrap steel preheating.
背景技术Background technique
钢铁资源作为重要战略资源，世界的钢铁储量在持续增加，废钢原料的释放量也不断增大。这些废钢在炼钢时的处理方法主要是使用转炉或电炉熔炼而重新利用，由于电炉炼钢与传统的转炉长流程相比，电炉炼钢具有流程短、节能、环保等方面具有优势，因此，未来电炉炼钢必然是行业的发展趋势。电炉分为中频炉、电弧炉、电阻炉等，采用电磁、电弧、导体阻抗等方式加热熔化废钢，主要的能源消耗为电能。目前，在转炉冶炼工艺中，废钢相较于铁水，具有成本低，更加环保的优势，因此，转炉炼钢过程中，提高废钢添加比，有利于降低成本，节约能源，减少环境污染。As an important strategic resource, steel resources in the world continue to increase, and the release of scrap steel raw materials is also increasing. The processing method of these scrap steels during steelmaking is mainly to use converters or electric furnaces to smelt and reuse them. Compared with the traditional long process of converters, electric furnace steelmaking has advantages in short process, energy saving, and environmental protection. Therefore, In the future, electric furnace steelmaking will inevitably be the development trend of the industry. Electric furnaces are divided into medium frequency furnaces, electric arc furnaces, resistance furnaces, etc. They use electromagnetic, arc, conductor impedance and other methods to heat and melt scrap steel. The main energy consumption is electric energy. Currently, in the converter smelting process, scrap steel has the advantages of lower cost and more environmental protection than molten iron. Therefore, increasing the scrap steel addition ratio during the converter steelmaking process will help reduce costs, save energy, and reduce environmental pollution.
传统炼钢一般添加常温状态下的废钢，转炉冶炼过程中产生的热量有限，难以迅速将大量常温状态下的废钢融化，增大了能耗，降低了生产效率。由于传统炼钢的不足，因此产生了废钢预热这一技术手段来弥补耗能高、冶炼周期长的缺陷。然而，现有技术在采用废钢预热时，未考虑合理的布配方式，仍会造成能源浪费、效率低的问题。Traditional steelmaking generally adds scrap steel at room temperature. The heat generated during the converter smelting process is limited, making it difficult to quickly melt a large amount of scrap steel at room temperature, which increases energy consumption and reduces production efficiency. Due to the shortcomings of traditional steelmaking, the technical method of scrap steel preheating has been developed to make up for the shortcomings of high energy consumption and long smelting cycle. However, the existing technology does not consider reasonable distribution methods when using scrap steel to preheat, which will still cause energy waste and low efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明实施例提供了一种废钢预热的级配方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质，以解决现有技术在采用废钢预热时，未考虑合理的布配方式，仍会造成能源浪费、效率低问题。Embodiments of the present invention provide a scrap steel preheating grading method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium to solve the problem that the existing technology does not consider a reasonable distribution method when using scrap steel preheating, which will still cause energy waste, Low efficiency problem.
第一方面，本发明提供了一种废钢预热的级配方法，包括：In a first aspect, the present invention provides a scrap steel preheating grading method, including:
基于预先确定的废钢分级标准，将待处理的废钢原料划分为M个级别；Based on the predetermined scrap grading standards, the scrap raw materials to be processed are divided into M levels;
基于各个级别废钢原料的预设约束条件，根据预设目标函数确定各个级别废钢原料的加入量；预设约束条件为根据各个级别废钢原料的属性参数构建，预设目标函数为根据各个级别废钢原料的比表面积系数确定；Based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials is determined according to the preset objective function; the preset constraints are constructed based on the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the preset objective function is based on each level of scrap steel raw materials. The specific surface area coefficient is determined;
根据各个级别废钢原料的加入量，确定各个级别废钢原料在废钢预热装置内的N种布配方式；According to the added amount of each grade of scrap steel raw materials, N types of distribution methods of each grade of scrap steel raw materials in the scrap steel preheating device are determined;
计算各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度，并根据各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度确定最优布配方式。Calculate the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods, and determine the optimal distribution method based on the preheating temperatures of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods.
在一种可能的实现方式中，各个级别废钢原料的属性参数包括各个级别废钢原料的加入量、各个级别废钢原料的堆密度、各个级别废钢原料的成本、各个级别废钢原料的库存量。In a possible implementation manner, the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials include the amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the bulk density of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the cost of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the inventory of each level of scrap steel raw materials.
在一种可能的实现方式中，预设约束条件包括：第一约束条件、第二约束条件、第三约束条件和第四约束条件；In a possible implementation, the preset constraints include: a first constraint, a second constraint, a third constraint and a fourth constraint;
第一约束条件为： ；其中， x i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的加入量， p i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的堆密度， V max为废钢预热装置的最大容量， V min为废钢预热装置公称容量下允许的最小容量； The first constraint is: ; Among them, x i is the amount of scrap steel raw material of level i , p i is the bulk density of scrap steel raw material of level i , V max is the maximum capacity of scrap steel preheating device, V min is the nominal capacity of scrap steel preheating device. Minimum capacity allowed;
第二约束条件为： ；其中， C i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的单价， C min为预设的总成本的下限阈值， C max为预设的总成本的上限阈值； The second constraint is: ; Among them, C i is the unit price of the i -th level scrap steel raw material, C min is the preset lower threshold of the total cost, and C max is the preset upper threshold of the total cost;
第三约束条件为： ； The third constraint is: ;
其中， ω i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的库存量和预设炼钢炉次数量的比值； Among them, ω i is the ratio of the inventory of scrap steel raw materials of the i- th level to the preset number of steelmaking heats;
第四约束条件： ； Fourth constraint: ;
其中， w为废钢预热装置的最大容量， y 1为铺底料量， y 1min为废钢预热装置需要的铺底料量的最少值。 Among them, w is the maximum capacity of the scrap steel preheating device, y 1 is the amount of priming material, and y 1min is the minimum amount of priming material required by the scrap steel preheating device.
在一种可能的实现方式中，预设目标函数为：In a possible implementation, the preset objective function is:
其中， x i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的加入量， a i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的比表面积系数。 Among them, x i is the added amount of the i-th level scrap steel raw material, and a i is the specific surface area coefficient of the i- th level scrap steel raw material.
在一种可能的实现方式中，计算各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度的公式为：In one possible implementation, the formula for calculating the preheating temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods is:
； ;
其中， T ij 为第 i个级别废钢原料在第 j种布配方式下的预热温度， s i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的比表面积， μ为对流换热系数， p i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的堆密度， c为比热容， t为达到预设温度的受预热时间， k 1ij 为第 i个级别废钢原料的在第 j种布配方式下的质量系数， k 2i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的形状综合系数， T gij 为第 i个级别废钢原料的在第 j种布配方式下的烟气温度， T s 为初始温度。 Among them, T ij is the preheating temperature of the i- th level scrap steel raw material in the j -th distribution mode, s i is the specific surface area of the i-th level scrap steel raw material, μ is the convection heat transfer coefficient, and p i is the i -th level scrap steel raw material. The bulk density of grade scrap steel raw material, c is the specific heat capacity, t is the preheating time to reach the preset temperature, k 1ij is the quality coefficient of the i- th grade scrap steel raw material in the j -th distribution mode, k 2i is the i -th grade scrap steel raw material The shape comprehensive coefficient of the scrap steel raw materials of each grade, T gij is the flue gas temperature of the i- th grade scrap steel raw materials in the j-th distribution mode, and T s is the initial temperature.
在一种可能的实现方式中，根据各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度确定最优布配方式，包括：对于每一种布配方式，计算该布配方式下所有级别废钢原料的预热温度中的最高温度和最低温度的差值，作为该布配方式下的温差值；选取最小温差值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式；或者，对于每一种布配方式，计算该布配方式下所有级别废钢原料的预热温度的平均温度值；选取最高平均温度值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式；或者，对于每一种布配方式，获取该布配方式下所有级别废钢原料的预热温度的最高温度值；选取最高温度值低于预设阈值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式；其中，预设阈值根据废钢原料的固相线确定。In one possible implementation, the optimal distribution method is determined based on the preheating temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw materials in various distribution methods, including: for each distribution method, calculating all grades of scrap steel in this distribution method The difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in the preheating temperature of the raw material is used as the temperature difference value under this distribution method; select the distribution method corresponding to the minimum temperature difference value as the optimal distribution method; or, for each distribution method method, calculate the average temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap steel raw materials under this distribution method; select the distribution method corresponding to the highest average temperature value as the optimal distribution method; or, for each distribution method, obtain the The maximum temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap raw materials in the distribution mode; select the distribution mode with the highest temperature value lower than the preset threshold as the optimal distribution mode; where the preset threshold is based on the solidus line of the scrap raw material Sure.
在一种可能的实现方式中，基于各个级别废钢原料的预设约束条件，根据预设目标函数确定各个级别废钢原料的加入量，包括：In one possible implementation, based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials is determined according to the preset objective function, including:
基于各个级别废钢原料的预设约束条件，利用规划算法对预设目标函数进行求解，将求解的结果作为各个级别废钢原料的加入量。Based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials, a planning algorithm is used to solve the preset objective function, and the solution result is used as the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials.
第二方面，本发明提供了一种废钢预热的级配装置，包括：In a second aspect, the present invention provides a scrap steel preheating grading device, including:
划分模块，用于基于预先确定的废钢分级标准，将待处理的废钢原料划分为M个级别；The division module is used to divide the scrap raw materials to be processed into M levels based on the predetermined scrap grading standards;
第一计算模块，用于基于各个级别废钢原料的预设约束条件，根据预设目标函数确定各个级别废钢原料的加入量；预设约束条件为根据各个级别废钢原料的属性参数构建，预设目标函数为根据各个级别废钢原料的比表面积确定；The first calculation module is used to determine the adding amount of scrap steel raw materials of each level based on the preset objective function based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials; the preset constraints are constructed based on the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the preset target The function is determined based on the specific surface area of each grade of scrap steel raw materials;
第二计算模块，用于根据各个级别废钢原料的加入量，确定各个级别废钢原料在废钢预热装置内的N种布配方式；The second calculation module is used to determine the N distribution methods of each level of scrap steel raw materials in the scrap steel preheating device according to the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials;
选择模块，用于计算各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度，并根据各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度确定最优布配方式。The selection module is used to calculate the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods, and determine the optimal distribution method based on the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods.
第三方面，本发明提供了一种电子设备，包括存储器和处理器，存储器中存储有可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，处理器执行计算机程序时实现如上第一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式废钢预热的级配方法的步骤。In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the above first aspect or any of the first aspects. One possible way to achieve this is the steps of the grading method for scrap steel preheating.
第四方面，本发明提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上第一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式废钢预热的级配方法的步骤。In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the above first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect is implemented. Steps of the grading method for scrap preheating.
本发明提供一种废钢预热的级配方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质，首先，通过对预先分级的废钢原料的构建约束条件和目标函数，计算各个级别废钢原料合理的加入量，避免资源浪费。然后，根据加入量确定各个级别废钢原料的布配方式，提高废钢预热的效率。最后根据各种布配方式下的预热温度，确定最优布配方式，根据最优布配方式进行废钢预热，可以在提高废钢预热效率的同时，降低整体的功耗。The invention provides a grading method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium for scrap steel preheating. First, by constructing constraint conditions and objective functions for pre-graded scrap steel raw materials, the reasonable addition amount of each grade of scrap steel raw materials is calculated to avoid resource waste. Then, determine the distribution method of each grade of scrap steel raw materials according to the added amount to improve the efficiency of scrap steel preheating. Finally, the optimal distribution method is determined based on the preheating temperatures under various distribution methods. Preheating the scrap steel according to the optimal layout method can improve the scrap preheating efficiency and reduce the overall power consumption.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only illustrative of the present invention. For some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.
图1是本发明实施例提供的废钢预热的级配方法的实现流程图；Figure 1 is a flow chart of the implementation of the scrap steel preheating grading method provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例提供的废钢预热的级配装置的结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a scrap steel preheating grading device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例提供的电子设备的示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下描述中，为了说明而不是为了限定，提出了诸如特定系统结构、技术之类的具体细节，以便透彻理解本发明实施例。然而，本领域的技术人员应当清楚，在没有这些具体细节的其它实施例中也可以实现本发明。在其它情况中，省略对众所周知的系统、装置、电路以及方法的详细说明，以免不必要的细节妨碍本发明的描述。In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, so as to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the present invention in unnecessary detail.
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图通过具体实施例来进行说明。参见图1，其示出了本发明实施例提供的废钢预热的级配方法的实现流程图。如图1所示，一种废钢预热的级配方法，可以包括：In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, specific embodiments will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Referring to Figure 1, it shows a flow chart of the implementation of the scrap steel preheating grading method provided by the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, a scrap steel preheating grading method can include:
S101，基于预先确定的废钢分级标准，将待处理的废钢原料划分为M个级别。其中，M为正整数，例如，M可以为4。S101, based on the predetermined scrap grading standards, the scrap raw materials to be processed are divided into M levels. Among them, M is a positive integer, for example, M can be 4.
可选的，待处理的废钢原料为需要进行预热的废钢。在对废钢原料进行处理之前，可以根据废钢原料的规格参数进行分级，确定废钢分级标准。规格参数可以包括特征尺寸、堆密度、类别、比表面积等。对废钢原料进行分级，可以提高废钢处理效率。Optionally, the scrap steel raw material to be processed is scrap steel that needs to be preheated. Before processing scrap steel raw materials, the scrap steel raw materials can be classified according to the specifications and parameters of the scrap steel raw materials to determine the scrap steel grading standards. Specification parameters can include characteristic dimensions, bulk density, category, specific surface area, etc. Grading scrap raw materials can improve scrap processing efficiency.
可选的，可以采用光学图像处理方法对废钢原料的规格参数进行采集，可以获取废钢原料的长度和厚度。例如，可以采用AI智能识别法对废钢原料尺寸、种类等参数进行识别读取，获取废钢原料的规格参数。Optionally, optical image processing methods can be used to collect the specification parameters of scrap steel raw materials, and the length and thickness of scrap steel raw materials can be obtained. For example, the AI intelligent recognition method can be used to identify and read parameters such as the size and type of scrap steel raw materials to obtain the specifications and parameters of scrap steel raw materials.
示例性的，根据规格参数具体可以将废钢原料分为四大级别，即废钢分级标准可以为表1，如下：For example, scrap raw materials can be divided into four major levels according to specification parameters, that is, the scrap grading standards can be as shown in Table 1, as follows:
表1 废钢分级标准Table 1 Scrap grading standards
S102，基于各个级别废钢原料的预设约束条件，根据预设目标函数确定各个级别废钢原料的加入量；预设约束条件为根据各个级别废钢原料的属性参数构建，预设目标函数为根据各个级别废钢原料的比表面积系数确定。S102, based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials, determine the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials according to the preset objective function; the preset constraints are constructed based on the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the preset objective function is based on each level of scrap steel raw materials. The specific surface area coefficient of scrap steel raw material is determined.
可选的，各个级别废钢原料的属性参数可以包括各个级别废钢原料的加入量、各个级别废钢原料的堆密度、各个级别废钢原料的成本、各个级别废钢原料的库存量、废钢预热装置的公称重量等参数。Optionally, the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials may include the addition amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the bulk density of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the cost of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the inventory of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the nominal name of the scrap steel preheating device. weight and other parameters.
可选的，可以基于各个级别废钢原料的预设约束条件，利用规划算法对预设目标函数进行求解，将求解的结果作为各个级别废钢原料的加入量。通过约束条件计算各个级别废钢原料的合理加入量，可以提高废钢原料的处理预热效率。Optionally, based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials, a planning algorithm can be used to solve the preset objective function, and the solution result can be used as the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials. Calculating the reasonable addition amount of each grade of scrap steel raw materials through constraint conditions can improve the processing and preheating efficiency of scrap steel raw materials.
具体的，约束函数用于解决规划中变量最优解求解问题；通过对变量设置约束条件限制变量的取值范围；通过规划算法计算约束函数的最优解。例如，规划算法包括区间逼近算法。Specifically, the constraint function is used to solve the optimal solution problem of variables in planning; the value range of the variable is limited by setting constraint conditions on the variables; and the optimal solution of the constraint function is calculated through the planning algorithm. For example, planning algorithms include interval approximation algorithms.
S103，根据各个级别废钢原料的加入量，确定各个级别废钢原料在废钢预热装置内的N种布配方式。其中，N可以根据M计算得到，即N为 ，正整数，例如，当M为4时，N为24。 S103: Determine N distribution methods of each level of scrap steel raw materials in the scrap steel preheating device according to the added amounts of each level of scrap steel raw materials. Among them, N can be calculated based on M, that is, N is , a positive integer, for example, when M is 4, N is 24.
可选的，废钢原料需要在废钢预热装置中进行预热，需要确定废钢原料的布配方式。在确定各个级别废钢原料的合理加入量之后，采用排列组合的方式，确定各个级别废钢原料在废钢预热装置内的N种布配方式。Optionally, the scrap raw materials need to be preheated in the scrap preheating device, and the distribution method of the scrap raw materials needs to be determined. After determining the reasonable addition amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials, N types of distribution methods of each level of scrap steel raw materials in the scrap steel preheating device are determined by permutation and combination.
S104，计算各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度，并根据各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度确定最优布配方式。S104: Calculate the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods, and determine the optimal distribution method based on the preheating temperatures of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods.
可选的，不同的布配方式可以对应不同的预热温度，即对应不同的加热功耗。Optionally, different distribution methods can correspond to different preheating temperatures, that is, corresponding to different heating power consumption.
具体的，各个级别废钢原料的预热温度的公式的约束参数可以包括各级别废钢原料的加入量、堆密度、比表面积、处于预热装置中的高度等。Specifically, the constraint parameters of the formula for the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials can include the addition amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials, bulk density, specific surface area, height in the preheating device, etc.
计算各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度的公式为：The formula for calculating the preheating temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods is:
T ij 为第 i个级别废钢原料在第 j种布配方式下的预热温度， s i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的比表面积， μ为对流换热系数， p i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的堆密度， c为比热容， t为达到预设温度的受预热时间， k 1ij 为第 i个级别废钢原料的在第 j种布配方式下的质量系数， k 2i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的形状综合系数， T gij 为第 i个级别废钢原料的在第 j种布配方式下的烟气温度， T s 为初始温度。 T ij is the preheating temperature of the i- th grade scrap steel raw material in the j -th distribution mode, s i is the specific surface area of the i -th grade scrap steel raw material, μ is the convection heat transfer coefficient, p i is the i- th grade scrap steel The bulk density of raw materials, c is the specific heat capacity, t is the preheating time to reach the preset temperature, k 1ij is the quality coefficient of the i -th level scrap steel raw material in the j-th distribution method, k 2i is the i -th level The shape comprehensive coefficient of the scrap raw material, T gij is the flue gas temperature of the i -th level scrap raw material in the j -th distribution mode, and T s is the initial temperature.
其中，各个级别废钢原料之间的各项参数相差不大。Among them, there is little difference in parameters between various grades of scrap steel raw materials.
因此，不同的废钢原料对应不同的比热容，废钢原料之间的比热容会比较接近，上述公式中的比热容可以为各个废钢原料的平均比热容，具体可以根据实际情况进行选择。对流换热系数也可以为各个废钢原料的平均对流换热系数。不同废钢原料之间的预设温度可以相同，均可以为T。不同废钢原料之间的受预热时间可以相同。各个级别的废钢原料的初始温度 T s 相差不大，可以相同，以降低计算的复杂度。烟气温度为一般指废钢预热装置中烟气的平均温度，也即烟气温度为废钢预热装置稳定后的烟气温度，具体可以根据实际情况进行获取。 Therefore, different scrap steel raw materials correspond to different specific heat capacities, and the specific heat capacities between scrap steel raw materials will be relatively close. The specific heat capacity in the above formula can be the average specific heat capacity of each scrap steel raw material, and the specific heat capacity can be selected according to the actual situation. The convection heat transfer coefficient can also be the average convection heat transfer coefficient of each scrap steel raw material. The preset temperatures for different scrap steel raw materials can be the same, and can all be T. The preheating time for different scrap raw materials can be the same. The initial temperatures T s of scrap steel raw materials of various levels are not much different and can be the same to reduce the complexity of calculation. The flue gas temperature generally refers to the average temperature of the flue gas in the scrap steel preheating device, that is, the flue gas temperature is the flue gas temperature after the scrap steel preheating device is stabilized. The specific temperature can be obtained according to the actual situation.
k 1ij 为质量系数，为不同级别废钢原料加入量对预热影响的系数，加入质量越多，系数越小，预热平均温度越低，同时该系数与废钢种类和排列方式也有关系。质量系数 k 1ij 为根据模拟试验确定，受布配方式的影响，不同布配方式的废钢原料对应不同的质量系数。 k 1ij is the quality coefficient, which is the coefficient of the influence of different grades of scrap steel raw materials on preheating. The more mass added, the smaller the coefficient, and the lower the average preheating temperature. At the same time, this coefficient is also related to the type and arrangement of scrap steel. The quality coefficient k 1ij is determined based on simulation tests. It is affected by the distribution method. Scrap raw materials with different distribution methods correspond to different quality coefficients.
k 2i 为形状综合系数。对于不同级别废钢原料的形状尺寸进行统计，基于形状尺寸对预热温度的影响，得到各级别废钢原料的形状综合系数。每一种废钢原料，因形状尺寸不同，在相同比表面积的情况下，预热温度存在差异。形状综合系数 k 2i 为根据模拟试验确定，每一种废钢原料对应一个形状综合系数，形状综合系数不受布配方式的影响。 k 2i is the shape comprehensive coefficient. The shape and size of different grades of scrap steel raw materials are statistically calculated. Based on the influence of shape and size on the preheating temperature, the shape comprehensive coefficient of each grade of scrap steel raw materials is obtained. Each type of scrap steel raw material has different preheating temperatures due to different shapes and sizes under the same specific surface area. The shape comprehensive coefficient k 2i is determined based on simulation tests. Each scrap steel raw material corresponds to a shape comprehensive coefficient, and the shape comprehensive coefficient is not affected by the distribution method.
本发明实施例通过计算各个级别废钢原料的合理加入量以及最优布配方式，既保持了一次预热的便捷性，又改善了在提高预热温度时造成的预热温度不均匀的现象。The embodiment of the present invention not only maintains the convenience of one-time preheating, but also improves the phenomenon of uneven preheating temperature caused when the preheating temperature is increased by calculating the reasonable addition amount and optimal distribution method of each grade of scrap steel raw materials.
在本发明的一些实施例中，上述S102中的预设约束条件可以包括：第一约束条件、第二约束条件、第三约束条件和第四约束条件；In some embodiments of the present invention, the preset constraints in S102 above may include: a first constraint, a second constraint, a third constraint and a fourth constraint;
第一约束条件为： ； The first constraint is: ;
其中， x i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的加入量， p i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的堆密度， V max为废钢预热装置的最大容量， V min为废钢预热装置公称容量下允许的最小容量； Among them, x i is the amount of scrap steel raw material of level i , p i is the bulk density of scrap steel raw material of level i , V max is the maximum capacity of scrap steel preheating device, V min is the allowable capacity under the nominal capacity of scrap steel preheating device. the minimum capacity;
第二约束条件为： ； The second constraint is: ;
其中， C i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的单价， C min为预设的总成本的下限阈值， C max为预设的总成本的上限阈值；例如，单价的单位可以表示为“元/吨”，废钢原料的加入量的单位可以为“吨”。 Among them, C i is the unit price of the i-th level scrap steel raw material, C min is the preset lower threshold of the total cost, and C max is the preset upper threshold of the total cost; for example, the unit price can be expressed as "yuan/ton"", the unit of the amount of scrap steel raw material added can be "tons".
第三约束条件为： ； The third constraint is: ;
其中， ω i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的库存量和预设炼钢炉次数量的比值； Among them, ω i is the ratio of the inventory of scrap steel raw materials of the i- th level to the preset number of steelmaking heats;
第四约束条件为： ； The fourth constraint is: ;
其中， w为废钢预热装置的最大容纳质量， y 1为铺底料量， y 1min为废钢预热装置需要的铺底料量的最少值。铺底料量为铺底的废钢原料，例如，在 x 1铺底时， y 1= x 1；在 x 2铺底时， y 1= x 2，等等。即在 x i 铺底时， y 1= x i 。一般情况下，铺底料选取轻薄料，可以提高预热效率。 Among them, w is the maximum accommodation mass of the scrap steel preheating device, y 1 is the amount of bedding material, and y 1min is the minimum amount of bedding material required by the scrap preheating device. The amount of bottoming material is the scrap steel raw material for bottoming. For example, when x1 is bottoming, y 1 = x 1 ; when x 2 is bottoming, y 1 = x 2 , etc. That is, when xi is at the bottom, y 1 = xi . Under normal circumstances, choosing light and thin materials for the base material can improve the preheating efficiency.
第一约束条件通过堆密度函数对各个级别的废钢原料的加入量进行约束，第二约束条件通过成本对各个级别的废钢原料的加入量进行约束，第三约束条件通过各个级别废钢原料的库存量对各个级别的废钢原料的加入量进行约束，第四约束条件通过废钢预热装置的重量对各个级别的废钢原料的加入量进行约束。The first constraint constrains the amount of scrap raw materials at each level through the bulk density function, the second constraint constrains the amount of scrap raw materials at each level through cost, and the third constraint constrains the inventory of scrap steel raw materials at each level. The amount of scrap steel raw materials added at each level is restricted. The fourth constraint condition restricts the amount added of each level of scrap steel raw materials through the weight of the scrap steel preheating device.
可选的，上述S102中的预设目标函数为：Optional, the preset objective function in S102 above is:
其中， x i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的加入量， a i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的比表面积系数。比表面积系数为基于各级别废钢比表面积的数据进行排序赋予的系数。 Among them, x i is the added amount of the i-th level scrap steel raw material, and a i is the specific surface area coefficient of the i- th level scrap steel raw material. The specific surface area coefficient is a coefficient assigned based on the data of the specific surface area of each grade of scrap steel.
在本发明的一些实施例中，基于各级别废钢原料的加入量进行排列组合得到不同的布配方式，计算得到不同布配方式下的各级别废钢原料的温度，通过温差、平均温度与最值温度的对比得到最优布配方式。In some embodiments of the present invention, different distribution methods are obtained by permuting and combining the amounts of scrap steel raw materials of each level, and the temperatures of scrap steel raw materials of each level under different distribution methods are calculated. The temperature difference, the average temperature and the maximum value are calculated. Comparison of temperatures results in the optimal distribution method.
具体的，上述S104中的“根据各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度确定最优布配方式”，可以包括：Specifically, "Determining the optimal distribution method based on the preheating temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw material under various distribution methods" in S104 above can include:
对于每一种布配方式，计算该布配方式下所有级别废钢原料的预热温度中的最高温度和最低温度的差值，作为该布配方式下的温差值；选取最小温差值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式；或者，For each distribution method, calculate the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature among the preheating temperatures of all grades of scrap steel raw materials under the distribution method, and use it as the temperature difference value under the distribution method; select the distribution corresponding to the minimum temperature difference value distribution method as the optimal distribution method; or,
对于每一种布配方式，计算该布配方式下所有级别废钢原料的预热温度的平均温度值；选取最高平均温度值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式；或者，For each distribution method, calculate the average temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap steel raw materials under the distribution method; select the distribution method corresponding to the highest average temperature value as the optimal distribution method; or,
对于每一种布配方式，获取该布配方式下所有级别废钢原料的预热温度的最高温度值；选取最高温度值低于预设阈值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式；其中，预设阈值根据废钢原料的固相线确定，预设阈值可以为低于废钢固相线100℃的值。For each distribution method, obtain the maximum temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap steel raw materials in the distribution method; select the distribution method with the highest temperature value lower than the preset threshold as the optimal distribution method; where, The preset threshold is determined based on the solidus line of the scrap raw material, and the preset threshold can be a value 100°C lower than the solidus line of the scrap steel.
示例性的，对某130吨电弧炉废钢原料进行预热，单次冶炼预热废钢原料的重量为70吨，废钢分级标准M=4。For example, a 130-ton electric arc furnace scrap material is preheated. The weight of the preheated scrap material in a single smelting is 70 tons, and the scrap classification standard is M=4.
预设目标函数为： 。 The default objective function is: .
预设约束条件包括：Preset constraints include:
； ;
； ;
； ;
； ;
其中， y 1min=5t， v max=55 m 3， v min=45 m 3，第一级至第四级废钢原料分成本分别为2600元/吨、2500元/吨、2700元/吨、2800元/吨，C+3000为预设成本的上限阈值，C-3000为预设成本的下限阈值，C为长期生产中每吨废钢原料总成本的平均值，3000为元预设的最大成本变化幅度。 Among them, y 1min =5t, v max =55 m 3 , v min =45 m 3 , the raw material costs of the first to fourth grade scrap steel are 2600 yuan/ton, 2500 yuan/ton, 2700 yuan/ton, 2800 yuan respectively. Yuan/ton, C+3000 is the upper limit threshold of the preset cost, C-3000 is the lower limit threshold of the preset cost, C is the average total cost of scrap steel raw materials per ton in long-term production, 3000 is the preset maximum cost change of Yuan amplitude.
通过规划计算，得到第一级至第四级废钢原料的合理加入量分别为：17.2吨、20.2吨、10吨和22.6吨。Through planning and calculation, the reasonable addition amounts of first-level to fourth-level scrap steel raw materials are: 17.2 tons, 20.2 tons, 10 tons and 22.6 tons respectively.
进一步的，计算该70吨废钢冶炼钢材的预热温度，为表2。其中， 表示第一类废钢中除铺底层以外的部分，表格如下： Further, calculate the preheating temperature of the 70 tons of scrap steel for smelting steel, as shown in Table 2. in, Indicates the part of the first type of scrap steel except the bottom layer. The table is as follows:
表2 计算70吨废钢冶炼钢材的预热温度表Table 2 Calculate the preheating temperature for smelting 70 tons of scrap steel
依据最小温差值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式进行选择，选取布配方案18。该130吨电弧炉冶炼时通过本发明实施例提供的废钢预热的级配方法所选取的布配方式与传统的布配方案相比，减少了冶炼过程电能的消耗5kwh/t，节约电极消耗0.3~0.5kg/t，同时缩短了3分钟的冶炼周期。The distribution method corresponding to the minimum temperature difference value is selected as the optimal distribution method, and distribution plan 18 is selected. Compared with the traditional distribution scheme, the distribution method selected by the scrap steel preheating grading method provided by the embodiment of the invention during the smelting of the 130-ton electric arc furnace reduces the consumption of electric energy in the smelting process by 5kwh/t and saves electrode consumption. 0.3~0.5kg/t, while shortening the smelting cycle by 3 minutes.
示例性的，本发明实施例提供的方法应用在某300吨转炉废钢预热中，在不影响转炉热平衡的情况下可增加废钢4105kg，废钢比提高近1%。For example, the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the scrap preheating of a 300-ton converter. Without affecting the heat balance of the converter, 4105 kg of scrap steel can be added, and the scrap steel ratio is increased by nearly 1%.
本发明实施例通过构建废钢原料的约束方程和目标函数，得到最佳各级别废钢加入量；基于各级别废钢原料的加入量进行排列组合得到不同的布配方式，计算得到不同布配方式下的各级别废钢原料的温度，对温差、平均温度与最值温度进行比对得到最优布配方式。提高预热整体温度和预热均匀性，同时也降低了能源的消耗，缩短了冶炼周期，达到了低碳高效的效果。The embodiment of the present invention obtains the optimal adding amount of scrap steel at each level by constructing the constraint equation and objective function of scrap steel raw materials; performs permutations and combinations based on the adding amounts of scrap steel raw materials at each level to obtain different distribution methods, and calculates the The temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw materials is compared to the temperature difference, average temperature and maximum temperature to obtain the optimal distribution method. It improves the overall preheating temperature and preheating uniformity, while also reducing energy consumption, shortening the smelting cycle, and achieving low-carbon and high-efficiency effects.
本发明实施例通过线性规划数学模型和预热温度函数达到优化布配的目标，既保持了一次预热的便捷性，又改善了在提高预热温度时造成的预热温度不均匀的现象。The embodiment of the present invention achieves the goal of optimizing distribution through a linear programming mathematical model and a preheating temperature function, which not only maintains the convenience of one-time preheating, but also improves the phenomenon of uneven preheating temperature caused when the preheating temperature is increased.
本发明提供实施例通过构建的数学模型，可实现快速计算机运算，计算结果精确，提高了生产效率，有利于保持工艺冶炼的稳定性，并有效降低冶炼周期，可操作性强，易于推广普及。The mathematical model constructed by the embodiments provided by the present invention can achieve fast computer operations, accurate calculation results, improve production efficiency, help maintain the stability of process smelting, and effectively reduce the smelting cycle. It has strong operability and is easy to popularize.
应理解，上述实施例中各步骤的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本发明实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiment does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present invention.
以下为本发明的装置实施例，对于其中未详尽描述的细节，可以参考上述对应的方法实施例。The following are device embodiments of the present invention. For details that are not described in detail, reference may be made to the above corresponding method embodiments.
图2示出了本发明实施例提供的废钢预热的级配装置的结构示意图，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本发明实施例相关的部分，详述如下：Figure 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a scrap steel preheating grading device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. For ease of explanation, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown. The details are as follows:
如图2所示，废钢预热的级配装置20可以包括：As shown in Figure 2, the scrap preheating grading device 20 may include:
划分模块201，用于基于预先确定的废钢分级标准，将待处理的废钢原料划分为M个级别；The dividing module 201 is used to divide the scrap raw materials to be processed into M levels based on the predetermined scrap grading standards;
第一计算模块202，用于基于各个级别废钢原料的预设约束条件，根据预设目标函数确定各个级别废钢原料的加入量；预设约束条件为根据各个级别废钢原料的属性参数构建，预设目标函数为根据各个级别废钢原料的比表面积确定；The first calculation module 202 is used to determine the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials according to the preset objective function based on the preset constraint conditions of each level of scrap steel raw materials; the preset constraint conditions are constructed based on the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the preset The objective function is determined based on the specific surface area of each grade of scrap steel raw materials;
第二计算模块203，用于根据各个级别废钢原料的加入量，确定各个级别废钢原料在废钢预热装置内的N种布配方式；The second calculation module 203 is used to determine N distribution methods of each level of scrap steel raw materials in the scrap steel preheating device according to the added amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials;
选择模块204，用于计算各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度，并根据各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度确定最优布配方式。The selection module 204 is used to calculate the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods, and determine the optimal distribution method according to the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods.
在本发明的一些实施例中，各个级别废钢原料的属性参数包括各个级别废钢原料的加入量、各个级别废钢原料的堆密度、各个级别废钢原料的成本、各个级别废钢原料的库存量。In some embodiments of the present invention, the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials include the amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the bulk density of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the cost of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the inventory of each level of scrap steel raw materials.
在本发明的一些实施例中，预设约束条件可以包括：第一约束条件、第二约束条件、第三约束条件和第四约束条件；In some embodiments of the present invention, the preset constraints may include: a first constraint, a second constraint, a third constraint and a fourth constraint;
第一约束条件为： ； The first constraint is: ;
其中， x i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的加入量， p i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的堆密度， V max为废钢预热装置的最大容量， V min为废钢预热装置公称容量下允许的最小容量； Among them, x i is the amount of scrap steel raw material of level i , p i is the bulk density of scrap steel raw material of level i , V max is the maximum capacity of scrap steel preheating device, V min is the allowable capacity under the nominal capacity of scrap steel preheating device. the minimum capacity;
第二约束条件为： ； The second constraint is: ;
其中， C i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的单价， C min为预设的总成本的下限阈值， C max为预设的总成本的上限阈值； Among them, C i is the unit price of the i -th level scrap steel raw material, C min is the preset lower threshold of the total cost, and C max is the preset upper threshold of the total cost;
第三约束条件为： ； The third constraint is: ;
其中， ω i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的库存量和预设炼钢炉次数量的比值； Among them, ω i is the ratio of the inventory of scrap steel raw materials of the i- th level to the preset number of steelmaking heats;
第四约束条件为： ； The fourth constraint is: ;
其中， w为废钢预热装置的最大容量， y 1为铺底料量， y 1min为废钢预热装置需要的铺底料量的最少值。 Among them, w is the maximum capacity of the scrap steel preheating device, y 1 is the amount of priming material, and y 1min is the minimum amount of priming material required by the scrap steel preheating device.
在本发明的一些实施例中，预设目标函数为：In some embodiments of the present invention, the preset objective function is:
其中， x i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的加入量， a i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的比表面积系数。 Among them, x i is the added amount of the i-th level scrap steel raw material, and a i is the specific surface area coefficient of the i- th level scrap steel raw material.
在本发明的一些实施例中，计算各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度的公式为：In some embodiments of the present invention, the formula for calculating the preheating temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution modes is:
； ;
其中， T ij 为第 i个级别废钢原料在第 j种布配方式下的预热温度， s i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的比表面积， μ为对流换热系数， p i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的堆密度， c为比热容， t为达到预设温度的受预热时间， k 1ij 为第 i个级别废钢原料的在第 j种布配方式下的质量系数， k 2i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的形状综合系数， T gij 为第 i个级别废钢原料的在第 j种布配方式下的烟气温度， T s 为初始温度。 Among them, T ij is the preheating temperature of the i- th level scrap steel raw material in the j -th distribution mode, s i is the specific surface area of the i-th level scrap steel raw material, μ is the convection heat transfer coefficient, and p i is the i -th level scrap steel raw material. The bulk density of grade scrap steel raw material, c is the specific heat capacity, t is the preheating time to reach the preset temperature, k 1ij is the quality coefficient of the i- th grade scrap steel raw material in the j -th distribution method, k 2i is the i -th grade scrap steel raw material The shape comprehensive coefficient of the scrap steel raw materials of each grade, T gij is the flue gas temperature of the i- th grade scrap steel raw materials in the j-th distribution mode, and T s is the initial temperature.
在本发明的一些实施例中，选择模块204可以包括第一计算单元、第二计算单元或者第三计算单元：In some embodiments of the present invention, the selection module 204 may include a first computing unit, a second computing unit, or a third computing unit:
第一计算单元，用于对于每一种布配方式，计算该布配方式下所有级别废钢原料的预热温度中的最高温度和最低温度的差值，作为该布配方式下的温差值；选取最小温差值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式；The first calculation unit is used to calculate, for each distribution mode, the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature among the preheating temperatures of all grades of scrap steel raw materials in the distribution mode, as the temperature difference value in the distribution mode; Select the distribution method corresponding to the minimum temperature difference value as the optimal distribution method;
第二计算单元，用于对于每一种布配方式，计算该布配方式下所有级别废钢原料的预热温度的平均温度值；选取最高平均温度值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式；The second calculation unit is used for each distribution method to calculate the average temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap steel raw materials in the distribution method; select the distribution method corresponding to the highest average temperature value as the optimal distribution method ;
第三计算单元，用于对于每一种布配方式，获取该布配方式下所有级别废钢原料的预热温度的最高温度值；选取最高温度值低于预设阈值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式；其中，预设阈值根据废钢原料的固相线确定。The third calculation unit is used for each distribution method to obtain the maximum temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap steel raw materials in the distribution method; select the distribution method corresponding to the maximum temperature value lower than the preset threshold as the best Optimized distribution method; among them, the preset threshold is determined based on the solidus line of scrap steel raw materials.
在本发明的一些实施例中，第一计算模块202可以包括：In some embodiments of the present invention, the first computing module 202 may include:
第四计算单元，用于基于各个级别废钢原料的预设约束条件，利用规划算法对预设目标函数进行求解，将求解的结果作为各个级别废钢原料的加入量。The fourth calculation unit is used to solve the preset objective function using a planning algorithm based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and use the solution results as the addition amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials.
图3是本发明实施例提供的电子设备的示意图。如图3所示，该实施例的电子设备30包括：处理器300和存储器301，存储器301中包括可在处理器300上运行的计算机程序302。处理器300执行计算机程序302时实现上述各个废钢预热的级配方法实施例中的步骤，例如图1所示的S101至S104。或者，处理器300执行计算机程序302时实现上述各装置实施例中各模块/单元的功能，例如图2所示模块/单元201至204的功能。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3 , the electronic device 30 of this embodiment includes: a processor 300 and a memory 301 . The memory 301 includes a computer program 302 that can run on the processor 300 . When the processor 300 executes the computer program 302, the steps in each of the above scrap steel preheating grading method embodiments are implemented, such as S101 to S104 shown in Figure 1. Alternatively, when the processor 300 executes the computer program 302, it implements the functions of each module/unit in each of the above device embodiments, such as the functions of the modules/units 201 to 204 shown in FIG. 2 .
示例性的，计算机程序302可以被分割成一个或多个模块/单元，一个或者多个模块/单元被存储在存储器301中，并由处理器300执行，以完成本发明。一个或多个模块/单元可以是能够完成特定功能的一系列计算机程序指令段，该指令段用于描述计算机程序302在电子设备30中的执行过程。例如，计算机程序302可以被分割成图2所示的模块/单元201至204。Exemplarily, the computer program 302 can be divided into one or more modules/units, and one or more modules/units are stored in the memory 301 and executed by the processor 300 to complete the present invention. One or more modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of completing specific functions. The instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program 302 in the electronic device 30 . For example, the computer program 302 may be divided into the modules/units 201 to 204 shown in FIG. 2 .
电子设备30可以是桌上型计算机、笔记本、掌上电脑及云端服务器等计算设备。电子设备30可包括，但不仅限于，处理器300、存储器301。本领域技术人员可以理解，图3仅仅是电子设备30的示例，并不构成对电子设备30的限定，可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者不同的部件，例如电子设备还可以包括输入输出设备、网络接入设备、总线等。The electronic device 30 may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a PDA, a cloud server, etc. The electronic device 30 may include, but is not limited to, a processor 300 and a memory 301 . Those skilled in the art can understand that FIG. 3 is only an example of the electronic device 30 and does not constitute a limitation of the electronic device 30. It may include more or less components than shown in the figure, or some components may be combined, or different components may be used. , for example, electronic devices may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.
所称处理器300可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器 (Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路 (Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列 (Field-Programmable Gate Array，FPGA) 或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。The so-called processor 300 can be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), or other general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor, etc.
存储器301可以是电子设备30的内部存储单元，例如电子设备30的硬盘或内存。存储器301也可以是电子设备30的外部存储设备，例如电子设备30上配备的插接式硬盘，智能存储卡（Smart Media Card，SMC），安全数字（Secure Digital，SD）卡，闪存卡（Flash Card）等。进一步地，存储器301还可以既包括电子设备30的内部存储单元也包括外部存储设备。存储器301用于存储计算机程序以及电子设备所需的其他程序和数据。存储器301还可以用于暂时地存储已经输出或者将要输出的数据。The memory 301 may be an internal storage unit of the electronic device 30 , such as a hard disk or memory of the electronic device 30 . The memory 301 may also be an external storage device of the electronic device 30 , such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash memory card (Flash) equipped on the electronic device 30 Card) etc. Further, the memory 301 may also include both an internal storage unit of the electronic device 30 and an external storage device. Memory 301 is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the electronic device. The memory 301 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能单元、模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能单元、模块完成，即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能单元或模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。实施例中的各功能单元、模块可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中，上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。另外，各功能单元、模块的具体名称也只是为了便于相互区分，并不用于限制本申请的保护范围。上述系统中单元、模块的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above functional units and modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above functions can be allocated to different functional units and modules according to needs. Module completion means dividing the internal structure of the device into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. Each functional unit and module in the embodiment can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be hardware-based. It can also be implemented in the form of software functional units. In addition, the specific names of each functional unit and module are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present application. For the specific working processes of the units and modules in the above system, please refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be described again here.
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述或记载的部分，可以参见其它实施例的相关描述。In the above embodiments, each embodiment is described with its own emphasis. For parts that are not detailed or documented in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented with electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality using different methods for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.
在本发明所提供的实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置/电子设备和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置/电子设备实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，模块或单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通讯连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通讯连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。In the embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus/electronic equipment and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device/electronic equipment embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components. can be combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented. On the other hand, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。A unit described as a separate component may or may not be physically separate. A component shown as a unit may or may not be a physical unit, that is, it may be located in one place, or it may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。In addition, each functional unit in various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.
集成的模块/单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，也可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，计算机程序可存储于计算机可读存储介质中，该计算机程序在被处理器执行时，可实现上述各个废钢预热的级配方法实施例的步骤。其中，计算机程序包括计算机程序代码，计算机程序代码可以为源代码形式、对象代码形式、可执行文件或某些中间形式等。计算机可读介质可以包括：能够携带计算机程序代码的任何实体或装置、记录介质、U盘、移动硬盘、磁碟、光盘、计算机存储器、只读存储器（Read-Only Memory，ROM）、随机存取存储器（Random Access Memory，RAM）、电载波信号、电信信号以及软件分发介质等。Integrated modules/units may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products. Based on this understanding, the present invention can implement all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments, and can also be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program can be processed after being processed. When the processor is executed, the steps of each of the above scrap steel preheating grading method embodiments can be realized. Among them, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form, etc. Computer-readable media can include: any entity or device that can carry computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunications signals, and software distribution media, etc.
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments. Modifications are made to the recorded technical solutions, or equivalent substitutions are made to some of the technical features; however, these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of each embodiment of the present invention, and should all be included in the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种废钢预热的级配方法，其特征在于，包括：A grading method for scrap steel preheating, which is characterized by including:
    基于预先确定的废钢分级标准，将待处理的废钢原料划分为M个级别；Based on the predetermined scrap grading standards, the scrap raw materials to be processed are divided into M levels;
    基于各个级别废钢原料的预设约束条件，根据预设目标函数确定各个级别废钢原料的加入量；所述预设约束条件为根据各个级别废钢原料的属性参数构建，所述预设目标函数为根据各个级别废钢原料的比表面积系数确定；Based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials is determined according to the preset objective function; the preset constraints are constructed based on the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials, and the preset objective function is based on The specific surface area coefficient of each grade of scrap steel raw materials is determined;
    根据各个级别废钢原料的加入量，采用排列组合的方式确定各个级别废钢原料在废钢预热装置内的N种布配方式,其中， ； According to the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials, N types of distribution methods of each level of scrap steel raw materials in the scrap steel preheating device are determined by permutation and combination. Among them, ;
    计算各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度，并根据各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度确定最优布配方式。Calculate the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods, and determine the optimal distribution method based on the preheating temperatures of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的废钢预热的级配方法，其特征在于，各个级别废钢原料的属性参数包括各个级别废钢原料的加入量、各个级别废钢原料的堆密度、各个级别废钢原料的成本、各个级别废钢原料的库存量。The scrap steel preheating grading method according to claim 1, characterized in that the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials include the addition amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the bulk density of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the cost of each level of scrap steel raw materials, Inventories of various grades of scrap steel raw materials.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的废钢预热的级配方法，其特征在于，所述预设约束条件包括：第一约束条件、第二约束条件、第三约束条件和第四约束条件；The scrap preheating grading method according to claim 2, wherein the preset constraints include: a first constraint, a second constraint, a third constraint and a fourth constraint;
    所述第一约束条件为： ； The first constraint is: ;
    其中， x i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的加入量， p i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的堆密度， V max为所述废钢预热装置的最大容量， V min为所述废钢预热装置公称容量下允许的最小容量； Where, x i is the amount of scrap steel raw material added at the i-th level, p i is the bulk density of the scrap steel raw material at the i-th level, V max is the maximum capacity of the scrap steel preheating device, and V min is the scrap steel preheating device. The minimum capacity allowed under the nominal capacity;
    所述第二约束条件为：The second constraint is:
    ； ;
    其中， C i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的单价， C min为预设的总成本下限阈值， C max为预设的总成本上限阈值； Among them, C i is the unit price of the i -th level scrap steel raw material, C min is the preset lower limit threshold of total cost, and C max is the preset upper limit threshold of total cost;
    所述第三约束条件为： ； The third constraint is: ;
    其中， ω i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的库存量和预设炼钢炉次数量的比值； Among them, ω i is the ratio of the inventory of scrap steel raw materials of the i- th level to the preset number of steelmaking heats;
    所述第四约束条件为： ； The fourth constraint is: ;
    其中， w为所述废钢预热装置的最大容量， y 1为铺底料量， y 1min为所述废钢预热装置需要的铺底料量的最少值。 Among them, w is the maximum capacity of the scrap steel preheating device, y 1 is the amount of priming material, and y 1min is the minimum amount of priming material required by the scrap steel preheating device.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的废钢预热的级配方法，其特征在于，所述预设目标函数为：The scrap steel preheating grading method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preset objective function is:
    ； ;
    其中， x i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的加入量， a i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的比表面积系数。 Among them, x i is the added amount of the i-th level scrap steel raw material, and a i is the specific surface area coefficient of the i- th level scrap steel raw material.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的废钢预热的级配方法，其特征在于，计算各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度的公式为：The grading method for scrap steel preheating according to claim 1, characterized in that the formula for calculating the preheating temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods is:
    ； ;
    其中， T ij 为第 i个级别废钢原料在第 j种布配方式下的预热温度， s i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的比表面积， μ为对流换热系数， p i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的堆密度， c为比热容， t为达到预设温度的受预热时间， k 1ij 为第 i个级别废钢原料的在第 j种布配方式下的质量系数， k 2i 为第 i个级别废钢原料的形状综合系数， T gij 为第 i个级别废钢原料的在第 j种布配方式下的烟气温度， T s 为废钢初始温度。 Among them, T ij is the preheating temperature of the i- th level scrap steel raw material in the j -th distribution mode, s i is the specific surface area of the i-th level scrap steel raw material, μ is the convection heat transfer coefficient, and p i is the i -th level scrap steel raw material. The bulk density of grade scrap steel raw material, c is the specific heat capacity, t is the preheating time to reach the preset temperature, k 1ij is the quality coefficient of the i- th grade scrap steel raw material in the j -th distribution method, k 2i is the i -th grade scrap steel raw material The shape comprehensive coefficient of the scrap steel raw materials of each grade, T gij is the flue gas temperature of the scrap steel raw materials of the i-th grade under the j-th distribution mode, and T s is the initial temperature of scrap steel.
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的废钢预热的级配方法，其特征在于，所述根据各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度确定最优布配方式，包括：The scrap steel preheating grading method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the optimal distribution method is determined according to the preheating temperature of each grade of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods, including:
    对于每一种布配方式，计算该布配方式下所有级别废钢原料的预热温度中的最高温度和最低温度的差值，作为该布配方式下的温差值；选取最小温差值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式；或者，For each distribution method, calculate the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature among the preheating temperatures of all grades of scrap steel raw materials under the distribution method, and use it as the temperature difference value under the distribution method; select the distribution corresponding to the minimum temperature difference value distribution method as the optimal distribution method; or,
    对于每一种布配方式，计算该布配方式下所有级别废钢原料的预热温度的平均温度值；选取最高平均温度值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式；或者，For each distribution method, calculate the average temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap steel raw materials under the distribution method; select the distribution method corresponding to the highest average temperature value as the optimal distribution method; or,
    对于每一种布配方式，获取该布配方式下所有级别废钢原料的预热温度的最高温度值；选取最高温度值低于预设阈值对应的布配方式作为最优布配方式；其中，所述预设阈值根据废钢原料的固相线确定。For each distribution method, obtain the maximum temperature value of the preheating temperature of all grades of scrap steel raw materials in the distribution method; select the distribution method with the highest temperature value lower than the preset threshold as the optimal distribution method; where, The preset threshold is determined based on the solidus line of the scrap raw material.
  7. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的废钢预热的级配方法，其特征在于，所述基于各个级别废钢原料的预设约束条件，根据预设目标函数确定各个级别废钢原料的加入量，包括：The scrap steel preheating grading method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials, the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials is determined according to the preset objective function ,include:
    基于各个级别废钢原料的预设约束条件，利用规划算法对所述预设目标函数进行求解，将求解的结果作为各个级别废钢原料的加入量。Based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials, a planning algorithm is used to solve the preset objective function, and the solution result is used as the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials.
  8. 一种废钢预热的级配装置，其特征在于，包括：A grading device for scrap steel preheating, which is characterized by including:
    划分模块，用于基于预先确定的废钢分级标准，将待处理的废钢原料划分为M个级别；The division module is used to divide the scrap raw materials to be processed into M levels based on the predetermined scrap grading standards;
    第一计算模块，用于基于各个级别废钢原料的预设约束条件，根据预设目标函数确定各个级别废钢原料的加入量；所述预设约束条件为根据各个级别废钢原料的属性参数构建，所述预设目标函数为根据各个级别废钢原料的比表面积确定；The first calculation module is used to determine the adding amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials based on the preset objective function based on the preset constraints of each level of scrap steel raw materials; the preset constraint conditions are constructed based on the attribute parameters of each level of scrap steel raw materials, so The above-mentioned preset objective function is determined based on the specific surface area of each grade of scrap steel raw materials;
    第二计算模块，用于根据各个级别废钢原料的加入量，采用排列组合的方式确定各个级别废钢原料在废钢预热装置内的N种布配方式，其中， ； The second calculation module is used to determine the N distribution methods of each level of scrap steel raw materials in the scrap steel preheating device by permutation and combination according to the added amount of each level of scrap steel raw materials, where, ;
    选择模块，用于计算各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度，并根据各种布配方式下各个级别废钢原料的预热温度确定最优布配方式。The selection module is used to calculate the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods, and determine the optimal distribution method based on the preheating temperature of each level of scrap steel raw materials under various distribution methods.
  9. 一种电子设备，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器中存储有可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如上的权利要求1至7中任一项所述废钢预热的级配方法的步骤。An electronic device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program that can run on the processor. It is characterized in that when the processor executes the computer program, the above claims 1 to 1 are implemented. The steps of the scrap steel preheating grading method described in any one of 7.
  10. 一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上的权利要求1至7中任一项所述废钢预热的级配方法的步骤。A computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, the scrap steel preheating as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is realized. The steps of the grading method.
PCT/CN2023/096783 2022-06-02 2023-05-29 Method and apparatus for grading scrap preheating, and electronic device and storage medium WO2023231951A1 (en)

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