WO2023226108A1 - 电弧增材设备、方法及存储介质 - Google Patents

电弧增材设备、方法及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023226108A1
WO2023226108A1 PCT/CN2022/098986 CN2022098986W WO2023226108A1 WO 2023226108 A1 WO2023226108 A1 WO 2023226108A1 CN 2022098986 W CN2022098986 W CN 2022098986W WO 2023226108 A1 WO2023226108 A1 WO 2023226108A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
additive
welding gun
bypass
workpiece
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PCT/CN2022/098986
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王瑞超
王皓
高祥
蔡川崎
李会军
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五邑大学
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Publication of WO2023226108A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023226108A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0073—Degasification of liquids by a method not covered by groups B01D19/0005 - B01D19/0042
    • B01D19/0078—Degasification of liquids by a method not covered by groups B01D19/0005 - B01D19/0042 by vibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/10—Other electric circuits therefor; Protective circuits; Remote controls
    • B23K9/1006—Power supply
    • B23K9/1043—Power supply characterised by the electric circuit
    • B23K9/1056—Power supply characterised by the electric circuit by using digital means
    • B23K9/1062—Power supply characterised by the electric circuit by using digital means with computing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/32—Accessories
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, and in particular to an arc additive equipment, method and storage medium.
  • Additive manufacturing technology is a revolutionary manufacturing technology that subverts the traditional subtractive manufacturing method, especially metal additive manufacturing. As a revolutionary and advanced manufacturing technology, it is widely used in aerospace, biomedical, and industrial industries. Molds, power energy and other related fields. As one of the additive manufacturing technologies, arc additive manufacturing technology melts wire through an arc, and stacks the molten metal layer by layer according to the three-dimensional model of the product and solidifies it to form metal parts. However, there are also some problems in the arc additive process. The molding surface quality is relatively rough and the residual stress of the molded workpiece is large, which affects the molding quality and mechanical properties of the workpiece.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes an arc additive equipment, method and storage medium, which can improve the mechanical properties of the weld and enhance the quality of the workpiece.
  • the present invention provides an arc additive equipment, including:
  • An additive welding gun which is used to melt wire to add materials to the workpiece to be processed
  • a bypass ultrasonic device which is arranged on the side of the additive welding gun
  • a bottom ultrasonic device the bottom ultrasonic device is arranged below the workpiece;
  • the arc additive equipment provided according to the first aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the arc additive equipment includes an additive welding gun, a bypass ultrasonic device, a bottom ultrasonic device and a control device.
  • the additive welding gun is used to melt the wire for treatment.
  • the processed workpiece is additively processed, and the wire melts to form a molten pool.
  • the welding gun moves along with the welding direction, and the bottom ultrasonic device performs ultrasonic impact on the upper molten wire.
  • the impact of the ultrasound will affect the molten pool. Produces a stirring effect to eliminate bubbles in the molten pool.
  • bypass ultrasonic device regulates the droplet transition of the wire to ensure stability during the additive welding process, improve additive efficiency and additive quality, and bypass Part of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic device enters the molten pool and cooperates with the bottom ultrasonic device to optimize the workpiece in the additive, thereby eliminating bubbles in the molten pool and breaking larger crystals during the solidification process of the molten pool.
  • Grains are continuously refined to continuously refine the weld grains, so that the mechanical properties of the welds are improved and the quality of the workpiece is enhanced.
  • the bypass ultrasonic device includes a bypass ultrasonic generator, a first ultrasonic transducer and a second ultrasonic transducer.
  • the first ultrasonic transducer and the second ultrasonic transducer Energizers are relatively arranged on both sides of the additive welding gun.
  • the signal transmitting end of the bypass ultrasonic generator is connected to the first ultrasonic transducer and the second ultrasonic transducer.
  • the bypass ultrasonic generator The generator is electrically connected to the control device.
  • the bypass ultrasonic device further includes a first horn and a second horn, and the receiving end of the first horn and the transmitting end of the first ultrasonic transducer are connection, the receiving end of the second horn is connected to the transmitting end of the second ultrasonic transducer, and the transmitting ends of the first horn and the second horn are concave arc surfaces. .
  • both the first ultrasonic transducer and the second ultrasonic transducer are fixedly connected to the additive welding gun.
  • the bottom ultrasonic device includes a bottom ultrasonic generator and at least one third ultrasonic transducer, the third ultrasonic transducer is disposed below the workpiece and generates ultrasound covering the workpiece. field, the signal transmitting end of the bottom ultrasonic generator is connected to the third ultrasonic transducer, and the bottom ultrasonic generator is electrically connected to the control device.
  • a welding machine and a wire feeder are further included.
  • One end of the wire feeder is connected to the additive welding gun through a pipeline, and the wire feeder is used to pass the wire through the pipeline. It is transmitted to the additive welding gun, the wire feeder is connected to the welding machine, and the welding machine is electrically connected to the control device.
  • a containment device for providing inert gas is further included, and the containment device is in communication with the additive welding gun.
  • the frequency range of ultrasonic waves emitted by the bypass ultrasonic device is 20 kilohertz to 50 kilohertz, and the frequency range of ultrasonic waves emitted by the bottom ultrasonic device is 18 kilohertz to 23 kilohertz.
  • the present invention provides an arc additive method, which is applied to arc additive equipment.
  • the arc additive equipment includes an additive welding gun, a bypass ultrasonic device and a bottom ultrasonic device.
  • the bypass ultrasonic device is disposed on the On the side of the additive welding gun, the bottom ultrasonic device is arranged below the workpiece.
  • the arc additive method includes:
  • the additive welding gun is controlled to melt the wire and form a molten pool below the additive welding gun;
  • bypass ultrasonic device is controlled to emit ultrasonic waves below the additive welding gun to adjust the frequency of droplet transfer of the wire;
  • the bottom ultrasonic device is controlled to perform ultrasonic impact on the molten wire on the workpiece.
  • the present invention provides a computer storage medium, which includes computer-executable instructions stored therein.
  • the computer-executable instructions are used to execute the arc additive method according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the computer storage medium of the third aspect can perform the arc additive method of the second aspect, it has all the beneficial effects of the first aspect of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of the arc additive equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the arc additive equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a main step diagram of the arc additive equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Additive manufacturing technology is a revolutionary manufacturing technology that subverts the traditional subtractive manufacturing method, especially metal additive manufacturing.
  • metal additive technology is mainly divided into laser additive and arc additive.
  • laser additive has the advantages of good molding effect and high precision.
  • the workpieces it manufactures are smaller in size and the molding speed is slower, so it is currently only used for manufacturing.
  • Relatively precise workpieces; arc additive manufacturing technology is a process in which wire is melted by an arc, and the molten metal is stacked layer by layer according to the three-dimensional model of the product, and solidified to form metal parts.
  • Arc additive manufacturing technology can realize the manufacturing of large-sized workpieces, and its manufacturing speed is much faster than laser additive manufacturing.
  • the manufacturing equipment used in arc additive manufacturing technology has low precision, the surface roughness of the parts is large, and the heat input in the manufacturing process is large. , the product has greater processing stress and is prone to cracks, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an arc additive equipment, method and storage medium.
  • the arc additive equipment provided by the embodiments of the present application adds the corresponding ultrasonic field to the additive process by adding an external ultrasonic generating device. It can have a certain improvement effect on the additive process.
  • the arc additive equipment 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes an additive welding gun 110, a bypass ultrasonic device 120, a bottom ultrasonic device 130 and a control device 140.
  • the control device 140 is connected to the additive welding gun 110, the bypass ultrasonic device, and the bottom ultrasonic device 130 respectively.
  • the additive welding gun 110 is used to melt the wire material for additive processing of the workpiece 150 to be processed, and the wire material melts to form a molten pool.
  • the bottom ultrasonic device 130 disposed below the workpiece 150 performs ultrasonic impact on the melted wire on the workpiece 150. The impact of the ultrasound will stir the molten pool, thereby eliminating bubbles in the molten pool.
  • the ultrasonic bypass The device 120 is used to emit ultrasonic waves to the melting point of the wire, that is, below the additive welding gun 110, and regulate the droplet transfer of the wire to ensure stability during the additive welding process, improve additive efficiency and additive quality, and Part of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the bypass ultrasonic device 120 enters the molten pool and cooperates with the bottom ultrasonic device 130 to optimize the workpiece 150 in the additive process, thereby eliminating bubbles in the molten pool and simultaneously breaking the molten pool during solidification. Larger grains continuously refine the weld grains, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the weld and enhancing the quality of the workpiece 150 .
  • the molten pool refers to the part that is melted into a pool shape due to the heat of the welding arc generated by the additive welding gun 110.
  • the liquid metal part with a certain geometric shape formed on the weldment during welding is called the molten pool.
  • the drop-like liquid metal formed by melting the end of the wire is called a droplet
  • the process of the droplet transferring to the molten pool through the arc space is called a droplet. Droplet transfer.
  • the bypass ultrasonic device 120 includes a bypass ultrasonic generator 121, a first ultrasonic transducer 122 and a second ultrasonic transducer 123.
  • the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer The transducer 123 is relatively arranged on both sides of the additive welding gun 110.
  • the signal transmitting end of the bypass ultrasonic generator 121 is connected to the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123.
  • the bypass ultrasonic generator 121 is connected to the control unit.
  • Device 140 is electrically connected.
  • the ultrasonic generator can convert the commercial power into a high-frequency alternating current signal that matches the ultrasonic transducer, and drive the ultrasonic transducer to work.
  • the bypass ultrasonic generator 121 can control the operation of the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer, and the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 are connected in parallel.
  • the first ultrasonic transducer 122 The working state of the second ultrasonic transducer 123 is the same.
  • first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 are relatively arranged on both sides of the additive welding gun 110. Compared with the arrangement of a single ultrasonic transducer, the arrangement of two opposite ultrasonic transducers is The ultrasonic waves emitted by it can reach the melting point of the wire from multiple directions or angles, and the ultrasonic energy is stronger, which is beneficial to the control of the transfer of molten droplets of the wire.
  • the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the additive welding gun 110, which are connected with the additive welding gun 110.
  • the distance, angle, etc. of the welding gun 110 are the same.
  • the bypass ultrasonic device 120 drives the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 to work through the bypass ultrasonic generator 121, so that the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 emits ultrasonic waves to the melting point of the wire to form an ultrasonic field, allowing it to regulate the droplet transition of the wire, further enhancing the stability during the additive welding process and improving the additive efficiency and additive quality.
  • part of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 will enter the molten pool, and can cooperate with the bottom ultrasonic device 130 to optimize the workpiece 150 in the additive process.
  • the bypass ultrasonic device 120 and the bottom ultrasonic device 130 cooperate to expedite the elimination of bubbles in the molten pool, reduce the time of additive welding, and further improve the efficiency of additive welding.
  • the bypass ultrasonic device 120 also includes a first horn 124 and a second horn 125 , and the receiving end of the first horn 124 and the transmitting end of the first ultrasonic transducer 122
  • the receiving end of the second horn 125 is connected to the transmitting end of the second ultrasonic transducer 123.
  • the transmitting ends of the first horn 124 and the second horn 125 are both concave arc surfaces.
  • the setting of the horn is conducive to the gathering and emission of ultrasonic energy of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducer, and the transmitting end of the horn is a concave arc surface, which is more conducive to the gathering and emission of ultrasonic energy. .
  • the ultrasonic waves emitted by the first ultrasonic transducer 122 are collected by the first horn 124 and emitted to the melting point of the wire, and the ultrasonic waves emitted by the second ultrasonic transducer are collected by the second horn 125 . And it is emitted to the melting point of the wire, further enhancing the ultrasonic field formed by it, allowing it to regulate the droplet transition of the wire, further enhancing the stability during the additive welding process, and improving the additive efficiency and additive quality. .
  • both the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 are fixedly connected to the workpiece 150 additive welding gun 110 .
  • first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 are both fixedly connected to the workpiece 150 additive welding gun 110, so that the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 are fixedly connected to the additive welding gun 110.
  • the relative positions between the material welding guns 110 remain unchanged.
  • first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 of the workpiece 150 are both fixedly connected to the additive welding gun 110 of the workpiece 150, so that the ultrasonic waves emitted by the bypass ultrasonic device 120 are at the melting position of the wire. The parameters remain unchanged, ensuring the stability of the additive welding process and conducive to improving the quality of the workpiece 150.
  • the bottom ultrasonic device 130 includes a bottom ultrasonic generator 131 and at least one third ultrasonic transducer 132 .
  • the third ultrasonic transducer 132 is disposed below the workpiece 150 and generates an ultrasonic field covering the workpiece 150 , the signal transmitting end of the bottom ultrasonic generator 131 is connected to the third ultrasonic transducer 132 , and the bottom ultrasonic generator 131 is electrically connected to the control device 140 .
  • At least one third ultrasonic transducer 132 is provided.
  • the workpiece 150 is usually placed on the substrate 154 , and the additive welding process is also performed on the substrate 154 , and the third ultrasonic transducer 132
  • the number can be set according to the length of the substrate 154, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the number of the third ultrasonic transducer 132.
  • the entire workpiece 150 is located within the ultrasonic field generated by the third ultrasonic transducer, but for multiple third ultrasonic transducers 132 In this case, only the third ultrasonic transducer 132 corresponding to the current melting location of the workpiece 150 may be turned on.
  • the bottom ultrasonic device 130 drives the third ultrasonic transducer 132 to work through the bottom ultrasonic generator 131, so that the third ultrasonic transducer 132 emits ultrasonic waves to perform ultrasonic impact on the workpiece 150.
  • the ultrasonic impact will affect the melt.
  • the pool serves as a stirring function to eliminate air bubbles in the molten pool. At the same time, it breaks larger grains during the solidification process of the molten pool, continuously refines the weld grains, improves the mechanical properties of the weld, and enhances the quality of the workpiece 150 .
  • the bottom ultrasonic device 130 has an enhanced stirring effect on the molten pool, making it easier to eliminate bubbles in the molten pool and break larger grains during the solidification process of the molten pool, further enhancing the quality of the workpiece 150 .
  • the arc additive equipment 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application also includes a welder 151 and a wire feeder 152.
  • One end of the wire feeder 152 is connected to the additive welding gun 110 through a pipeline.
  • the wire feeder 152 It is used to transfer the wire material to the additive welding gun 110 through the pipeline.
  • the wire feeder 152 is connected to the welding machine 151, and the welding machine 151 is electrically connected to the control device 140.
  • the wire feeder 152 and the additive welding gun 110 can be connected through a pipeline, and the wire sent out by the wire feeder 152 can be accurately transmitted to the bottom of the additive welding gun 110 through the pipeline to facilitate later additive welding.
  • the welding machine 151 mainly controls the waveform of the arc current generated by the additive welding gun 110, and can adjust the peak current of the arc current (the current when the arc current is at its maximum), pulse frequency, peak time, and base current.
  • the welding machine 151 also interacts with The wire feeder 152 is connected, and the speed at which the wire feeder 152 transmits the wire material can be adjusted.
  • the arc additive equipment 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application also includes a containment device 153 for providing inert gas, and the containment device 153 is in communication with the additive welding gun 110 .
  • the accommodating device 153 and the additive welding gun 110 can be connected through a gas pipeline. Before the additive welding gun 110 is operated, the accommodating device 153 is opened and the inert gas in the accommodating device 153 is transferred to the additive welding gun 110. The inert gas is used to coat the wire, melted droplets and molten pool. The continuous delivery of shielding gas from the beginning of welding can reduce the probability of oxidation when the molten pool is cooled, and reduce the probability of structural deterioration and mechanical property degradation.
  • the accommodating device 153 may be a gas cylinder.
  • the frequency range of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the bypass ultrasonic device 120 is from 20 kilohertz to 50 kilohertz
  • the frequency range of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the bottom ultrasonic device 130 is from 18 kilohertz to 23 kilohertz.
  • the arc additive equipment 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes an additive welding gun 110, a bypass ultrasonic device 120, a bottom ultrasonic device and a control device 140.
  • the accommodating device 153 is opened, so that the The inert gas is delivered to the additive welding gun 110, and the welding machine 151 controls the wire feeder 152 to deliver the wire material to the bottom of the additive welding gun 110.
  • the additive welding gun 110 works to melt the wire material to add material to the workpiece 150 to be processed.
  • the bottom ultrasonic device 130 drives the third ultrasonic transducer 132 to work through the bottom ultrasonic generator 131, so that the third ultrasonic transducer 132 emits ultrasonic waves to perform ultrasonic impact on the melted wire material on the workpiece 150.
  • the impact of the molten pool will stir the molten pool, thereby eliminating bubbles in the molten pool.
  • it will break larger grains during the solidification process of the molten pool, continuously refine the weld grains, and improve the mechanical properties of the weld. Enhance the quality of the workpiece 150 .
  • the bypass ultrasonic device 120 drives the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 to work through the bypass ultrasonic generator 121, so that the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 emit ultrasonic waves to the An ultrasonic field is formed below the material welding gun 110, which is where the wire melts, so that it can regulate the transfer of droplets of the wire, further enhancing the stability during the additive welding process, and improving the efficiency and quality of the additive.
  • part of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 will enter the molten pool and can cooperate with the bottom ultrasonic device 130 to optimize the workpiece 150 in the additive process to make the weld
  • the mechanical properties are improved, enhancing the quality of the workpiece 150 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an arc additive method.
  • the arc additive method is applied to the arc additive equipment 100.
  • the arc additive equipment 100 includes an additive welding gun 110, a bypass ultrasonic device 120 and a bottom ultrasonic device 130.
  • the path ultrasonic device 120 is disposed on the side of the additive welding gun 110
  • the bottom ultrasonic device 130 is disposed below the workpiece 150 .
  • the arc additive method provided by the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to the following steps:
  • Step S100 Obtain additive instructions.
  • the additive instruction comes from the settings of the control device 140 in the arc additive equipment 100 and can be set manually.
  • the additive instructions correspond to the workpieces 150 one-to-one. Different workpieces 150 require different parameters of the arc additive equipment 100, and their corresponding additive instructions are different.
  • Step S200 According to the additive instruction, the additive welding gun 110 is controlled to melt the wire and form a molten pool below the additive welding gun 110.
  • Step S300 Move the additive welding gun 110 according to the welding position on the workpiece 150 to be processed.
  • the additive welding gun 110 moves according to the welding position on the workpiece 150 to be processed.
  • the moving direction of the additive welding gun 110 is not limited. It moves according to the shape of the workpiece 150 to meet the needs of the workpiece. 150 height requirements can also first meet the requirements of other directions of the workpiece 150. Accordingly, for the same workpiece 150, the additive welding gun 110 has various moving directions and moving paths.
  • Step S400 During the welding process of the additive welding gun 110, the bypass ultrasonic device 120 is controlled to emit ultrasonic waves below the additive welding gun 110 to adjust the frequency of droplet transfer of the wire.
  • the bypass ultrasonic device 120 includes a bypass ultrasonic generator 121, a first ultrasonic transducer 122 and a second ultrasonic transducer 123.
  • the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 are opposite to each other. It is arranged on both sides of the additive welding gun 110 to enhance the ultrasonic field at the transition point of the droplet.
  • the signal transmitting end of the bypass ultrasonic generator 121 is connected to the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 to bypass the ultrasonic wave.
  • the generator 121 is connected to the control device 140 .
  • the bypass ultrasonic generator 121 is controlled to drive the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 to emit ultrasonic waves to the melting point of the wire.
  • Such an arrangement enables the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 to emit ultrasonic waves to the melting point of the wire to form an ultrasonic field, allowing it to regulate the droplet transfer of the wire, further enhancing the additive welding process.
  • the stability in the process improves the additive efficiency and additive quality.
  • part of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the first ultrasonic transducer 122 and the second ultrasonic transducer 123 will enter the molten pool, and can cooperate with the bottom ultrasonic device 130 to optimize the workpiece 150 in the additive process.
  • the frequency range of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the bypass ultrasonic device 120 is from 20 kilohertz to 50 kilohertz.
  • Step S500 During the welding process of the additive welding gun 110, the bottom ultrasonic device 130 is controlled to perform ultrasonic impact on the melted wire on the workpiece 150.
  • the bottom ultrasonic device 130 includes a bottom ultrasonic generator 131 and at least one third ultrasonic transducer 132.
  • the third ultrasonic transducer 132 is disposed below the workpiece 150, and the workpiece 150 is located where the third ultrasonic transducer generates In the ultrasonic field, the signal transmitting end of the bottom ultrasonic generator 131 is connected to the third ultrasonic transducer 132, and the bottom ultrasonic generator 131 is connected to the control device 140.
  • the bottom ultrasonic generator 131 is controlled to drive the third ultrasonic transducer 132 to perform ultrasonic impact on the workpiece 150.
  • the third ultrasonic transducer 132 to emit ultrasonic waves to perform ultrasonic impact on the workpiece 150.
  • the ultrasonic impact will stir the molten pool, thereby eliminating bubbles in the molten pool, and at the same time break particles during the solidification process of the molten pool. Larger grains continuously refine the weld grains, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the weld and enhancing the quality of the workpiece 150 .
  • the frequency range of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the bottom ultrasonic device 130 is 18 kilohertz to 23 kilohertz.
  • the arc additive equipment 100 also includes a welding machine 151 and a wire feeder 152, so the arc additive method provided by the embodiment of the present application also includes controlling the welder 151 to drive the wire feeder 152 to transfer the wire to the additive welding gun. Below 110.
  • the arc additive equipment 100 also includes a containing device 153, then between step S100 and step S200, the arc additive method provided by the embodiment of the present application also includes controlling the inert gas in the containing device 153 to be delivered to the additive. Welding gun 110 places.
  • the arc additive method uses additive instructions to control the operation of the additive welding gun 110, the bypass ultrasonic device 120, and the bottom ultrasonic device.
  • the bottom ultrasonic device 130 performs ultrasonic impact on the workpiece 150, and the impact of the ultrasonic will It stirs the molten pool to eliminate bubbles in the molten pool.
  • the bypass ultrasonic device 120 emits ultrasonic waves to the melting point of the wire and regulates the transfer of droplets of the wire to ensure stability during the additive welding process.
  • the bypass ultrasonic device 120 and the bottom ultrasonic device 130 perform auxiliary optimization to generate the workpiece 150, and the quality of the workpiece 150 is significantly enhanced under the action of ultrasound.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the computer program, the arc additive method is performed from step S100 to step S500.
  • the processor and memory may be connected via a bus or other means.
  • memory can be used to store non-transitory software programs and non-transitory computer executable programs.
  • the memory may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device.
  • the memory may optionally include memory located remotely from the processor, and the remote memory may be connected to the processor via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned networks include but are not limited to the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks and combinations thereof.
  • the non-transitory software programs and instructions required to implement the arc additive method of the above embodiment are stored in the memory.
  • the arc additive method in the above embodiment is executed, for example, the above described Figure 2 is executed.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative, and the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • one embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer-executable instructions.
  • the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor or a controller, which can cause
  • the above-mentioned processor executes the arc additive method in the above-mentioned embodiment, for example, executes the above-described method steps S100 to S500 in FIG. 3 .
  • Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, tapes, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or may Any other medium used to store the desired information and that can be accessed by a computer.
  • communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media .

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种电弧增材设备、方法及存储介质，应用于增材制造领域，电弧增材设备包括增材焊枪，用于熔化丝材以对待加工的工件进行增材；旁路超声装置，设置于增材焊枪的侧方；底部超声装置，设置于工件下方；控制装置，用于控制旁路超声装置发射超声波至增材焊枪下方以调节丝材的熔滴过渡的频率，并控制底部超声装置工件上熔化的丝材进行超声冲击。底部超声装置对熔池起搅拌作用，从而排除熔池中的气泡，旁路超声装置对丝材的熔滴过渡进行调控，保证增材焊接过程中的稳定性，旁路超声装置与底部超声装置相配合，从而排除熔池中的气泡，同时会破碎熔池凝固过程中颗粒较大的晶粒，使焊缝力学性能得到提高，增强工件的质量。

Description

电弧增材设备、方法及存储介质 技术领域
本发明涉及增材制造领域，特别涉及一种电弧增材设备、方法及存储介质。
背景技术
增材制造技术是一项革命性的制造技术，它颠覆了传统的减材制造方式，尤其金属增材制造，作为一项革命性、先进性制造技术，广泛应用于航空航天、生物医疗、工业模具和动力能源等相关领域。作为增材制造技术之一，电弧增材制造技术通过电弧熔化丝材，并根据产品三维模型将熔融金属按线-面-体逐层堆积、凝固成形出金属部件的工艺。然而在电弧增材工艺中也存在一些问题，其成型表面质量比较粗糙，成型工件的残余应力较大，影响工件的成型质量和力学性能。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种电弧增材设备、方法及存储介质，能够使焊缝力学性能得到提高，增强工件的质量。
第一方面，本发明提供一种电弧增材设备，包括：
增材焊枪，所述增材焊枪用于熔化丝材以对待加工的工件进行增材；
旁路超声装置，所述旁路超声装置设置于所述增材焊枪的侧方；
底部超声装置，所述底部超声装置设置于所述工件下方；
控制装置，用于控制所述旁路超声装置发射超声波至所述增材焊枪下方以调节所述丝材的熔滴过渡的频率，并控制所述底部超声装置所述工件上熔化的丝材进行超声冲击。
根据本发明第一方面提供的电弧增材设备，至少具有如下有益效果：电弧增材设备包括增材焊枪、旁路超声装置、底部超声装置和控制装置，增材焊枪用于熔化丝材以对待加工的工件进行增材，且丝材熔化形成熔池，在增材过程中，焊枪随着焊接方向进行移动，底部超声装置对上熔化的丝材进行超声冲击，超声的冲击作用会对熔池产生搅拌作用，从而排除熔池中的气泡，此外，旁路超声装置对丝材的熔滴过渡进行调控，保证增材焊接过程中的稳定性，提高增材效率和增材质量，并且旁路超声装置所发射的部分超声波进入到熔池中，与底部超声装置相配合，对增材中的工件进行优化，从而排除熔池中的气泡，同时会破碎熔池凝固过程中颗粒较大的晶粒，不断细化焊缝晶粒，使焊缝力学性能得到提高，工件的质量得到增强。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述旁路超声装置包括旁路超声波发生器、第一超声波换能器和第二超声波换能器，所述第一超声波换能器和所述第二超声波换能器相对设置于所述增材焊枪的两侧，所述旁路超声波发生器的信号发射端与所述第一超声波换能器和所述第二超声波换能器连接，所述旁路超声波发生器与所述控制装置电连接。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述旁路超声装置还包括第一变幅杆和第二变幅杆，所述第一变幅杆的接收端与所述第一超声波换能器的发射端连接，所述第二变幅杆的接收端与所述第二超声波换能器的发射端连接，所述第一变幅杆和所述第二变幅杆的发射端均为内凹弧面。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述第一超声波换能器和所述第二超声波换能器均与所述增 材焊枪固定连接。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述底部超声装置包括底部超声波发生器和至少一个第三超声波换能器，所述第三超声波换能器设置于所述工件下方且产生覆盖所述工件的超声场，所述底部超声波发生器的信号发射端与所述第三超声波换能器连接，所述底部超声波发生器与所述控制装置电连接。
根据本发明的一些实施例，还包括焊机和送丝机，所述送丝机的一端与所述增材焊枪通过管道连接，所述送丝机用于将所述丝材通过所述管道传送至所述增材焊枪，所述送丝机与所述焊机连接，所述焊机与所述控制装置电连接。
根据本发明的一些实施例，还包括用于提供惰性气体的容纳装置，所述容纳装置与所述增材焊枪连通。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述旁路超声装置发射的超声波频率范围为20千赫兹至50千赫兹，所述底部超声装置发射的超声波频率范围为18千赫兹至23千赫兹。
第二方面，本发明提供一种电弧增材方法，应用于电弧增材设备，所述电弧增材设备包括增材焊枪、旁路超声装置和底部超声装置，所述旁路超声装置设置于所述增材焊枪的侧方，所述底部超声装置设置于工件下方，所述电弧增材方法包括：
获取增材指令；
根据所述增材指令，控制所述增材焊枪熔化丝材并在所述增材焊枪下方形成熔池；
根据待加工工件上待增材的焊接位置移动所述增材焊枪；
在所述增材焊枪焊接过程中，控制所述旁路超声装置向所述增材焊枪下方发射超声波以调节所述丝材的熔滴过渡的频率；
在所述增材焊枪焊接过程中，控制所述底部超声装置对所述工件上熔化的丝材进行超声冲击。
由于第二方面的电弧增材方法应用于第一方面任一项所述的电弧增材设备，因此具有本发明第一方面的所有有益效果。
第三方面，本发明提供一种计算机存储介质，包括存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令用于执行如本发明第一方面所述的电弧增材方法。
由于第三方面的计算机存储介质可执行第二方面的电弧增材方法，因此具有本发明第一方面的所有有益效果。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或相关技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请实施例的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来说，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的电弧增材设备的结构框图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的电弧增材设备的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的电弧增材设备的主要步骤图。
附图标记：电弧增材设备100；增材焊枪110；旁路超声装置120；旁路超声波发生器121； 第一超声波换能器122；第二超声波换能器123；第一变幅杆124；第二变幅杆125；底部超声装置130；底部超声波发生器131；第三超声波换能器132；控制装置140；工件150；焊机151；送丝机152；容纳装置153；基板154。
具体实施方式
以下描述中，为了说明而不是为了限定，提出了诸如特定系统结构、技术之类的具体细节，以便透彻理解本申请实施例。然而，本领域的技术人员应当清楚，在没有这些具体细节的其它实施例中也可以实现本申请实施例。在其它情况中，省略对众所周知的系统、装置、电路以及方法的详细说明，以免不必要的细节妨碍本申请实施例的描述。
需要说明的是，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于流程图中的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
还应当理解，在本申请实施例说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”或“一些实施例”等意味着在本申请实施例的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一个实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在其他一些实施例中”、“在另外一些实施例中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
在本申请的描述中，大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数，以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。如果有描述到第一、第二只是用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。需要理解的是，涉及到方位描述，例如上、下、前、后、左、右等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
增材制造技术是一项革命性的制造技术，它颠覆了传统的减材制造方式，尤其金属增材制造，作为一项革命性、先进性制造技术，广泛应用于航空航天、生物医疗、工业模具和动力能源等相关领域。目前金属增材技术主要分为激光增材和电弧增材，其中，激光增材具有成型效果好，精度高等优点，但其制造的工件尺寸较小，成型速度较慢，所以目前只用来制造比较精密的工件；电弧增材制造技术是通过电弧熔化丝材，并根据产品三维模型将熔融金属按线-面-体逐层堆积、凝固成形出金属部件的工艺。电弧增材制造技术可实现大尺寸的工件制造，并且其制造速度远超过激光增材，然而应用于电弧增材工艺的制造设备精度较低，制件表面粗糙度较大，制造过程热输入大，产品加工应力较大，易产生裂纹等。
基于此，本申请实施例提供了一种电弧增材设备、方法及存储介质，本申请实施例提供的电弧增材设备通过外加超声发生装置将相应的超声场加入到增材过程中，使其可对增材过程产生一定的改善作用。
下面结合附图，对本申请实施例作进一步阐述。
参照图1和图2，本申请实施例提供的电弧增材设备100包括增材焊枪110、旁路超声装置120、底部超声装置130和控制装置140。控制装置140分别与增材焊枪110、旁路超声装 置、底部超声装置130连接，增材焊枪110用于熔化丝材对待加工的工件150进行增材，且丝材熔化形成熔池，在增材过程中，设置于工件150下方的底部超声装置130对工件150上熔化的丝材进行超声冲击，超声的冲击作用会对熔池起搅拌作用，从而排除熔池中的气泡，此外，旁路超声装置120用于发射超声波至丝材熔化处，即增材焊枪110下方，并对丝材的熔滴过渡进行调控，保证增材焊接过程中的稳定性，提高增材效率和增材质量，并且旁路超声装置120所发射的部分超声波进入到熔池中，与底部超声装置130相配合，对增材中的工件150进行优化，从而排除熔池中的气泡，同时会破碎熔池凝固过程中颗粒较大的晶粒，不断细化焊缝晶粒，使焊缝力学性能得到提高，增强工件150的质量。
需要说明的是，熔池是指因增材焊枪110所产生的焊接电弧的热量而熔化成池状的部分，熔焊时焊件上所形成的具有一定几何形状的液态金属部分叫做熔池。
需要说明的是，在增材焊枪110所产生的电弧的热量的作用下，丝材端部熔化形成的滴状液态金属称为熔滴，而熔滴通过电弧空间向熔池转移的过程称为熔滴过渡。
可以理解的是，参照图2，旁路超声装置120包括旁路超声波发生器121、第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123，第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123相对设置于增材焊枪110的两侧，旁路超声波发生器121的信号发射端与第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123连接，旁路超声波发生器121与控制装置140电连接。
需要说明的是，超声波发生器能够将市电转换为与超声波换能器相匹配的高频交流电信号，并驱动超声波换能器工作。旁路超声波发生器121能够控制第一超声波换能器122和第二波超声波换能器工作，且第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123并联，第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123的工作状态相同。
需要说明的是，第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123相对设置于增材焊枪110的两侧，相对于单一超声波换能器的设置，两个相对超声波换能器的设置能够使其发射的超声波从多个方向或角度抵达丝材熔化处，且超声能量更强，有利于对丝材的熔滴过渡的调控。
需要说明的是，为了能够更加精确地调控丝材的熔滴过渡，将第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123对称地设置在增材焊枪110的两侧，其与增材焊枪110的距离、角度等相同。
需要说明的是，旁路超声装置120通过旁路超声波发生器121驱动第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123工作，使得第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123发射超声波至丝材熔化处，形成超声场，使其对丝材的熔滴过渡进行调控，进一步增强了增材焊接过程中的稳定性，提高了增材效率和增材质量。同时，第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123发射的部分超声波会进入到熔池中，能够与底部超声装置130相配合，对增材中的工件150进行优化。相比单一的底部超声装置130，旁路超声装置120与底部超声装置130相配合能够加快排除熔池中的气泡，减少了增材焊接的时间，进一步提高了增材效率。
可以理解的是，参照图2，旁路超声装置120还包括第一变幅杆124和第二变幅杆125，第一变幅杆124的接收端与第一超声波换能器122的发射端连接，第二变幅杆125的接收端与第二超声波换能器123的发射端连接，第一变幅杆124和第二变幅杆125的发射端均为内凹弧面。
需要说明的是，变幅杆的设置，有助于超声波换能器所发射的超声波的超声能量的聚集和发射，且变幅杆的发射端为内凹弧面，更加利于超声能量聚集和发射。
需要说明的是，第一超声波换能器122所发射的超声波经第一变幅杆124聚集并发射至丝材熔化处，第二超声波换能器所发射的超声波经第二变幅杆125聚集并发射至丝材熔化处，进一步增强了其形成的超声场，使其对丝材的熔滴过渡进行调控，进一步增强了增材焊接过程中的稳定性，提高了增材效率和增材质量。
可以理解的是，第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123均与工件150增材焊枪110固定连接。
需要说明的是，第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123均与工件150增材焊枪110固定连接，使得即第一超声波换能器122与第二超声波换能器123和增材焊枪110之间的相对位置保持不变。
需要说明的是，第一超声波换能器122和工件150第二超声波换能器123均与工件150增材焊枪110固定连接，使得旁路超声装置120所发射的超声波在丝材熔化位置处的参数不变，保证了增材焊接过程的稳定性，有益于提高工件150的质量。
可以理解的是，参照图2，底部超声装置130包括底部超声波发生器131和至少一个第三超声波换能器132，第三超声波换能器132设置于工件150下方且产生覆盖工件150的超声场，底部超声波发生器131的信号发射端与第三超声波换能器132连接，底部超声波发生器131与控制装置140电连接。
需要说明的是，第三超声波换能器132至少设置一个，实际应用中，工件150通常放置在基板154上，增材焊接工作过程也在基板154上进行，而第三超声波换能器132的数量可以根据基板154的长度进行设置，本申请实施例不对第三超声波换能器132的数量做限制。
需要说明的是，许多产品都需要焊枪进行往返运动以满足其所需的高度，因此整个工件150位于第三超声换能器生成的超声场内，但对于有多个第三超声波换能器132的情况，可以仅开启当前工件150熔化处所对应的第三超声波换能器132。
需要说明的是，底部超声装置130通过底部超声波发生器131驱动第三超声波换能器132工作，使得第三超声波换能器132发射超声波以对工件150进行超声冲击，超声的冲击作用会对熔池起搅拌作用，从而排除熔池中的气泡，同时会破碎熔池凝固过程中颗粒较大的晶粒，不断细化焊缝晶粒，使焊缝力学性能得到提高，增强工件150的质量。相对单一的旁路超声装置120，底部超声装置130对熔池的搅拌作用增强，更加易于排除熔池中的气泡、破碎熔池凝固过程中颗粒较大的晶粒，进一步增强了工件150的质量。
可以理解的是，参照图2，本申请实施例提供的电弧增材设备100还包括焊机151和送丝机152，送丝机152的一端与增材焊枪110通过管道连接，送丝机152用于将丝材通过管道传送至增材焊枪110，送丝机152与焊机151连接，焊机151与控制装置140电连接。
需要说明的是，送丝机152与增材焊枪110可以通过管道连接，送丝机152送出的丝材可以通过管道精准传送至增材焊枪110下方，便于后期的增材焊接。焊机151主要控制增材焊枪110所产生的电弧电流的波形，可以调节电弧电流的峰值电流(电弧电流最大时候的电流)、脉冲频率、峰值时间、基值电流，此外，焊机151还与送丝机152连接，能够调节送丝机152传送丝材的速度。
可以理解的是，参照图2，本申请实施例提供的电弧增材设备100还包括用于提供惰性气体的容纳装置153，容纳装置153与增材焊枪110连通。
需要说明的是，容纳装置153与增材焊枪110之间可以通过输气管连接，在增材焊枪110 工作前，打开容纳装置153，将容纳装置153中的惰性气体传送至增材焊枪110处，使惰性气体包裹丝材、熔化后的液滴以及熔池。从焊接开始持续输送保护气体，可以降低熔池冷却时被氧化的概率，减少出现组织恶化和力学性能下降的问题的概率。
需要是说明的是，容纳装置153可以为气瓶。
可以理解的是，旁路超声装置120发射的超声波频率范围为20千赫兹至50千赫兹，底部超声装置130发射的超声波频率范围为18千赫兹至23千赫兹。
本申请实施例提供的电弧增材设备100包括增材焊枪110、旁路超声装置120、底部超声装置和控制装置140，在增材焊枪110工作前，开启容纳装置153，使容纳装置153中的惰性气体传送至增材焊枪110处，并且焊机151控制送丝机152传送丝材至增材焊枪110下方，增材焊枪110工作，对丝材进行熔化以对待加工的工件150进行增材，在增材过程中，底部超声装置130通过底部超声波发生器131驱动第三超声波换能器132工作，使得第三超声波换能器132发射超声波以对工件150上熔化的丝材进行超声冲击，超声的冲击作用会对熔池起搅拌作用，从而排除熔池中的气泡，同时会破碎熔池凝固过程中颗粒较大的晶粒，不断细化焊缝晶粒，使焊缝力学性能得到提高，增强工件150的质量。旁路超声装置120通过旁路超声波发生器121驱动第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123工作，使得第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123发射超声波至增材焊枪110下方以形成超声场，即丝材熔化处，使其对丝材的熔滴过渡进行调控，进一步增强了增材焊接过程中的稳定性，提高了增材效率和增材质量。同时，第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123发射的部分超声波会进入到熔池中，能够与底部超声装置130相配合，对增材中的工件150进行优化，使焊缝力学性能得到提高，增强工件150的质量。
本申请实施例还提供一种电弧增材方法，电弧增材方法应用于电弧增材设备100，其中，电弧增材设备100包括增材焊枪110、旁路超声装置120和底部超声装置130，旁路超声装置120设置于增材焊枪110的侧方，底部超声装置130设置于工件150下方。参照图3，本申请实施例提供的电弧增材方法包括但不限于以下步骤：
步骤S100、获取增材指令。
需要说明的是，增材指令来自于电弧增材设备100中的控制装置140设置，可进行人为设定。
需要说明的是，增材指令与工件150一一对应，不同的工件150，其所需要的电弧增材设备100的各个参数不同，则其对应的增材指令不同。
步骤S200、根据增材指令，控制增材焊枪110熔化丝材并在增材焊枪110下方形成熔池。
步骤S300、根据待加工工件150上待增材的焊接位置移动增材焊枪110。
需要说明的是，参照图2，增材焊枪110根据待加工工件150上待增材的焊接位置移动，增材焊枪110的移动方向不做限制，其根据工件150的形状进行移动，可满足工件150高度的需求，也可率先满足工件150其他方向的需求，据此，对于同一个工件150，增材焊枪110的移动方向和移动路径多种多样。
步骤S400、在增材焊枪110焊接过程中，控制旁路超声装置120向增材焊枪110下方发射超声波以调节丝材的熔滴过渡的频率。
可以理解的是，旁路超声装置120包括旁路超声波发生器121、第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123，第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123相对设置于增材 焊枪110的两侧以增强熔滴过渡处的超声场，旁路超声波发生器121的信号发射端与第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123连接，旁路超声波发生器121与控制装置140连接。
需要说明的是，根据丝材的熔化进程，控制旁路超声波发生器121驱动第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123发射超声波至丝材熔化处。这样的设置使得第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123发射超声波至丝材熔化处，形成超声场，使其对丝材的熔滴过渡进行调控，进一步增强了增材焊接过程中的稳定性，提高了增材效率和增材质量。同时，第一超声波换能器122和第二超声波换能器123发射的部分超声波会进入到熔池中，能够与底部超声装置130相配合，对增材中的工件150进行优化。
需要说明的是，根据丝材的熔化进程，旁路超声装置120发射的超声波频率范围为20千赫兹至50千赫兹。
步骤S500、在增材焊枪110焊接过程中，控制底部超声装置130对工件150上熔化的丝材进行超声冲击。
可以理解的是，底部超声装置130包括底部超声波发生器131和至少一个第三超声波换能器132，第三超声波换能器132设置于工件150下方，且工件150位于第三超声换能器生成的超声场内，底部超声波发生器131的信号发射端与第三超声波换能器132连接，底部超声波发生器131与控制装置140连接。
需要说明的是，根据增材焊枪110的当前位置，控制底部超声波发生器131驱动第三超声波换能器132对工件150进行超声冲击。这样的设置使得第三超声波换能器132发射超声波以对工件150进行超声冲击，超声的冲击作用会对熔池起搅拌作用，从而排除熔池中的气泡，同时会破碎熔池凝固过程中颗粒较大的晶粒，不断细化焊缝晶粒，使焊缝力学性能得到提高，增强工件150的质量。
需要说明的是，根据增材焊枪110的当前位置，底部超声装置130发射的超声波频率范围为18千赫兹至23千赫兹。
可以理解的是，电弧增材设备100还包括焊机151和送丝机152，则本申请实施例提供的电弧增材方法还包括控制焊机151驱动送丝机152传送丝材至增材焊枪110下方。
可以理解的是，电弧增材设备100还包括容纳装置153，则在步骤S100至步骤S200之间，本申请实施例提供的电弧增材方法还包括控制容纳装置153中的惰性气体传送至增材焊枪110处。
本申请实施例提供的电弧增材方法通过增材指令，控制增材焊枪110、旁路超声装置120、底部超声装置工作，其中，底部超声装置130对工件150进行超声冲击，超声的冲击作用会对熔池起搅拌作用，从而排除熔池中的气泡，此外，旁路超声装置120发射超声波至丝材熔化处，并对丝材的熔滴过渡进行调控，保证增材焊接过程中的稳定性，提高增材效率和增材质量，并且旁路超声装置120所发射的部分超声波进入到熔池中，与底部超声装置130相配合，对增材中的工件150进行优化，从而排除熔池中的气泡，同时会破碎熔池凝固过程中颗粒较大的晶粒，不断细化焊缝晶粒，使焊缝力学性能得到提高，增强工件150的质量。根据增材焊枪110的工作状态，通过旁路超声装置120和底部超声装置130进行辅助优化，生成工件150，工件150的质量在超声作用下得到明显增强。
本申请实施例还提供一种电子设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，处理器执行计算机程序时如步骤S100至步骤S500的电弧增材方法。
处理器和存储器可以通过总线或者其他方式连接。
存储器作为一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质，可用于存储非暂态软件程序以及非暂态性计算机可执行程序。此外，存储器可以包括高速随机存取存储器，还可以包括非暂态存储器，例如至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他非暂态固态存储器件。在一些实施方式中，存储器可选包括相对于处理器远程设置的存储器，这些远程存储器可以通过网络连接至该处理器。上述网络的实例包括但不限于互联网、企业内部网、局域网、移动通信网及其组合。
实现上述实施例的电弧增材方法所需的非暂态软件程序以及指令存储在存储器中，当被处理器执行时，执行上述实施例中的电弧增材方法，例如，执行以上描述的图2中的方法步骤S100至S500。
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。
此外，本申请实施例的一个实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令，该计算机可执行指令被一个处理器或控制器执行，可使得上述处理器执行上述实施例中的电弧增材方法，例如，执行以上描述的图3中的方法步骤S100至S500。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解，上文中所公开方法中的全部或某些步骤、系统可以被实施为软件、固件、硬件及其适当的组合。某些物理组件或所有物理组件可以被实施为由处理器，如中央处理器、数字信号处理器或微处理器执行的软件，或者被实施为硬件，或者被实施为集成电路，如专用集成电路。这样的软件可以分布在计算机可读介质上，计算机可读介质可以包括计算机存储介质(或非暂时性介质)和通信介质(或暂时性介质)。如本领域普通技术人员公知的，术语计算机存储介质包括在用于存储信息(诸如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他数据)的任何方法或技术中实施的易失性和非易失性、可移除和不可移除介质。计算机存储介质包括但不限于RAM、ROM、EEPROM、闪存或其他存储器技术、CD-ROM、数字多功能盘(DVD)或其他光盘存储、磁盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其他磁存储装置、或者可以用于存储期望的信息并且可以被计算机访问的任何其他的介质。此外，本领域普通技术人员公知的是，通信介质通常包含计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或者诸如载波或其他传输机制之类的调制数据信号中的其他数据，并且可包括任何信息递送介质。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电弧增材设备，其特征在于，包括：
    增材焊枪，所述增材焊枪用于熔化丝材以对待加工的工件进行增材；
    旁路超声装置，所述旁路超声装置设置于所述增材焊枪的侧方；
    底部超声装置，所述底部超声装置设置于所述工件下方；
    控制装置，用于控制所述旁路超声装置发射超声波至所述增材焊枪下方以调节所述丝材的熔滴过渡的频率，并控制所述底部超声装置所述工件上熔化的丝材进行超声冲击。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电弧增材设备，其特征在于，所述旁路超声装置包括旁路超声波发生器、第一超声波换能器和第二超声波换能器，所述第一超声波换能器和所述第二超声波换能器相对设置于所述增材焊枪的两侧，所述旁路超声波发生器的信号发射端与所述第一超声波换能器和所述第二超声波换能器连接，所述旁路超声波发生器与所述控制装置电连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电弧增材设备，其特征在于，所述旁路超声装置还包括第一变幅杆和第二变幅杆，所述第一变幅杆的接收端与所述第一超声波换能器的发射端连接，所述第二变幅杆的接收端与所述第二超声波换能器的发射端连接，所述第一变幅杆和所述第二变幅杆的发射端均为内凹弧面。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电弧增材设备，其特征在于，所述第一超声波换能器与所述第二超声波换能器均与所述增材焊枪固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电弧增材设备，其特征在于，所述底部超声装置包括底部超声波发生器和至少一个第三超声波换能器，所述第三超声波换能器设置于所述工件下方且产生覆盖所述工件的超声场，所述底部超声波发生器的信号发射端与所述第三超声波换能器连接，所述底部超声波发生器与所述控制装置电连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电弧增材设备，其特征在于，还包括焊机和送丝机，所述送丝机的一端与所述增材焊枪通过管道连接，所述送丝机用于将所述丝材通过所述管道传送至所述增材焊枪，所述送丝机与所述焊机连接，所述焊机与所述控制装置电连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电弧增材设备，其特征在于，还包括用于提供惰性气体的容纳装置，所述容纳装置与所述增材焊枪连通。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电弧增材设备，其特征在于，所述旁路超声装置发射的超声波频率范围为20千赫兹至50千赫兹，所述底部超声装置发射的超声波频率范围为18千赫兹至23千赫兹。
  9. 一种电弧增材方法，其特征在于，应用于电弧增材设备，所述电弧增材设备包括增材焊枪、旁路超声装置和底部超声装置，所述旁路超声装置设置于所述增材焊枪的侧方，所述底部超声装置设置于工件下方，所述电弧增材方法包括：
    获取增材指令；
    根据所述增材指令，控制所述增材焊枪熔化丝材并在所述增材焊枪下方形成熔池；
    根据待加工工件上待增材的焊接位置移动所述增材焊枪；
    在所述增材焊枪焊接过程中，控制所述旁路超声装置向所述增材焊枪下方发射超声波以调节所述丝材的熔滴过渡的频率；
    在所述增材焊枪焊接过程中，控制所述底部超声装置对所述工件上熔化的丝材进行超声 冲击。
  10. 一种计算机存储介质，其特征在于，包括存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令用于执行如权利要求9所述的电弧增材方法。
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