WO2023226001A1 - 含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土及其制备方法 - Google Patents

含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2023226001A1
WO2023226001A1 PCT/CN2022/095584 CN2022095584W WO2023226001A1 WO 2023226001 A1 WO2023226001 A1 WO 2023226001A1 CN 2022095584 W CN2022095584 W CN 2022095584W WO 2023226001 A1 WO2023226001 A1 WO 2023226001A1
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curing
parts
coarse aggregate
performance concrete
high performance
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PCT/CN2022/095584
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English (en)
French (fr)
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高原
冯良平
任京华
谢恩慧
田海涛
徐英喧
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中交公路长大桥建设国家工程研究中心有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/095584 priority Critical patent/WO2023226001A1/zh
Publication of WO2023226001A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023226001A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements

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  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of concrete, and in particular to a 200MPa grade steam-curing-free ultra-high performance concrete containing coarse aggregate and a preparation method thereof.
  • ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) containing coarse aggregate has three major characteristics: high strength, high ductility and high durability. Due to the incorporation of coarse aggregate, ultra-high performance concrete containing coarse aggregate is relatively active. Powder concrete materials have higher elastic modulus and resistance to shrinkage cracking, and are expected to be widely used in the field of building structures, especially in long-span bridge projects. Ultra-high performance concrete containing coarse aggregate can also improve the overall structural stiffness of the bridge. , greatly reducing the structural size and weight, reducing the risk of shrinkage and cracking, and extending the full-cycle service life.
  • ultra-high performance concrete containing coarse aggregates usually adopts conventional curing methods during the preparation process, resulting in the strength of the concrete being generally low. It is difficult to achieve a strength of 200MPa. To achieve a strength above 200MPa, dry heat conditions or high-temperature steam are required. The curing temperature is generally greater than 90°C, and the preparation process is relatively complex and energy-consuming, which limits the application prospects of ultra-high performance concrete containing coarse aggregates in large structures and components.
  • the main purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a 200MPa-grade steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete containing coarse aggregate and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the strength of ultra-high-performance concrete cured under natural conditions is generally not high. 200MPa
  • the above problems require the use of high temperature or pressure curing, and at the same time improve the problems of complex, demanding and high cost of ultra-high performance concrete raw materials.
  • the ultra-high performance concrete includes the following mass fractions of raw materials:
  • the coarse aggregate is one of granite, diabase, basalt, and limestone, with a particle size of 4.75 mm to 9.5 mm, a moisture content of ⁇ 0.1%, a mud content of ⁇ 0.5%, and a crushing value of ⁇ 10%.
  • the water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance liquid water-reducing agent with a solid content greater than 40%.
  • the steel fiber is copper-plated steel fiber.
  • the diameter of the copper-plated steel fiber is 0.18 ⁇ 0.22mm, the length is 10 ⁇ 15mm, the tensile strength is ⁇ 2200MPa, and the elastic modulus is ⁇ 210GPa.
  • the cement adopts Portland cement or ordinary Portland cement with a strength level of 52.5 and above;
  • the silica fume adopts SiO 2 mass fraction ⁇ 95%, activity index ⁇ 115%, and specific surface area ⁇ 15m 2 / g, high-purity silicon fume for construction with 45 ⁇ m screening residue ⁇ 5.0%;
  • the fly ash adopts first-grade fly ash with sieving residue ⁇ 9%, loss on ignition ⁇ 1%, and water demand ratio ⁇ 95%;
  • the fine aggregate uses at least one of quartz sand, river sand, and manufactured sand, with a particle size of 0.075 to 4.75 mm, a fineness modulus of 2.6 to 2.8, a moisture content of ⁇ 0.1%, and a mud content of ⁇ 0.5%. .
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing 200MPa-grade steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete containing coarse aggregate, including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Weigh cement, silica fume, fly ash, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, water reducing agent and steel fiber according to the proportion by mass;
  • Step 2 Add cement, silica fume, fly ash, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into the mixer and stir evenly for 1-2 minutes;
  • Step 3 Add water and water-reducing agent to the mixture obtained in Step 2, and continue stirring for 2-3 minutes;
  • Step 4 Add steel fibers to the mixture obtained in step 3, continue stirring for 1-3 minutes, stir evenly and then discharge to obtain a concrete mixture;
  • Step 5 Perform molding and curing on the concrete mixture obtained in Step 4 to obtain 200MPa grade steam-curing-free ultra-high performance concrete containing coarse aggregate.
  • step 5 adopts the solar accelerated curing method, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 51 pour the concrete mixture into the mold and vibrate it to form, let it stand for 1-2 days under standard curing conditions of 20 ⁇ 2°C and relative humidity ⁇ 95%, and then remove the mold;
  • Step 52 Move the removed concrete to a solar curing shed equipped with a heating and moisturizing system and a temperature and humidity continuous monitoring system for curing;
  • Step 53 Calculate the equivalent age of the concrete during the curing process based on the temperature and humidity data provided by the continuous temperature and humidity monitoring system, and then calculate the compressive strength of the concrete during the curing process and the autogenous shrinkage caused by chemical shrinkage based on the equivalent age. , curing ends when the calculated compressive strength and autogenous shrinkage caused by chemical shrinkage meet the performance requirements, and a 200MPa-level steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete containing coarse aggregate is obtained.
  • the solar conservation shed includes sunlight panels or lighting panels, thermal insulation materials and sealing materials.
  • the heating and moisturizing system uses a spray water mist device, and the temperature and humidity continuous monitoring system uses a temperature and humidity sensor.
  • the present disclosure also provides applications of 200MPa-grade steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete containing coarse aggregate in the fields of construction, highways, bridges, railways, and water conservancy.
  • the 200MPa-level steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete containing coarse aggregate provided by this disclosure is mainly composed of conventional materials and waste materials. It does not need to incorporate too many chemical additives. There are few types of raw materials, the materials are easy to obtain, and the cost is low. It solves the problem of complex and demanding raw materials and high cost of ultra-high performance concrete.
  • the preparation method of 200MPa-level steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete containing coarse aggregate adopts a solar accelerated curing method to perform molding curing of ultra-high-performance concrete, which solves the problem of the strength of ultra-high-performance concrete using curing methods under natural conditions. It is generally not high. Above 200MPa, high temperature or pressure curing is required. Compared with the traditional steam curing method, the solar accelerated curing method is energy-saving, environmentally friendly, green and low-carbon. It is simple and convenient to operate and avoids the establishment of complex maintenance equipment. It is greatly Saving construction costs is beneficial to sustainable development.
  • the rapid precast curing method of 200MPa-level steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete containing coarse aggregate uses a solar accelerated curing method to perform molding curing of ultra-high-performance concrete. Based on the prediction of concrete performance at an equivalent age, it can It ensures the economical, efficient and high-quality production of concrete under non-constant temperature curing conditions such as solar energy, and realizes real-time monitoring of concrete performance under non-constant temperature curing conditions such as solar energy and full assessment of curing quality, thereby determining the curing age more scientifically and accurately. , ensuring economical, efficient and high-quality production of concrete under non-constant temperature curing conditions such as solar energy.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing 200MPa grade steam-curing-free ultra-high performance concrete containing coarse aggregates according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a 200MPa-level steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete containing coarse aggregate.
  • the ultra-high-performance concrete includes the following mass parts of raw materials: 100 parts of cement, 15-20 parts of silica fume, and fly ash. 30-35 parts, fine aggregate 95-105 parts, coarse aggregate 85-140 parts, water 20-25 parts, water reducing agent 2-5 parts, steel fiber 19-33 parts.
  • the cement uses Portland cement or ordinary Portland cement with a strength level of 52.5 and above.
  • the silica fume adopts high-purity construction silicon fume with SiO 2 mass fraction ⁇ 95%, activity index ⁇ 115%, specific surface area ⁇ 15 m 2 /g, and 45 ⁇ m screening margin ⁇ 5.0%.
  • the fly ash adopts first-grade fly ash with sieve residue ⁇ 9%, loss on ignition ⁇ 1%, and water demand ratio ⁇ 95%.
  • active components silica fume and fly ash undergo pozzolanic reactions, consume a large amount of calcium hydroxide crystals, and generate a large amount of hydrated calcium silicate gel, which can improve the microstructure of the interface area and increase the compactness of concrete.
  • the fine aggregate uses at least one of quartz sand, river sand, and machine-made sand.
  • the fine aggregate uses river sand; the particle size is 0.075 to 4.75 mm, and the fineness model The number is 2.6 ⁇ 2.8, the moisture content is ⁇ 0.1%, and the mud content is ⁇ 0.5%.
  • the coarse aggregate is one of granite, diabase, basalt, and limestone.
  • the coarse aggregate is diabase; the particle size is 4.75 mm to 9.5 mm and contains water. Rate ⁇ 0.1%, mud content ⁇ 0.5%, crushing value ⁇ 10%.
  • the addition of coarse aggregate can improve the elastic modulus and deformation capacity of concrete, reduce the risk of cracking and improve volume stability, improve wear resistance and reduce costs.
  • the water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance liquid water-reducing agent with a solid content greater than 40%, for example, a solid content of 45%.
  • the addition of water-reducing agent can significantly reduce the amount of mixing water, allowing ultra-high performance concrete containing coarse aggregate to have good workability and homogeneity even when the water-binder ratio is very low.
  • the steel fiber is copper-plated steel fiber.
  • the diameter of the copper-plated steel fiber is 0.18 ⁇ 0.22mm, the length is 10 ⁇ 15mm, the tensile strength is ⁇ 2200MPa, and the elastic modulus is ⁇ 210GPa.
  • the incorporation of steel fibers can improve the toughness and ductility of concrete.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing the 200MPa-level steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete containing coarse aggregates. , specifically as shown in Figure 1, the preparation method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Weigh cement, silica fume, fly ash, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, water reducing agent and steel fiber according to the proportion by mass;
  • Step 2 Add cement, silica fume, fly ash, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into the mixer and stir evenly for 1-2 minutes;
  • Step 3 Add water and water-reducing agent to the mixture obtained in Step 2, and continue stirring for 2-3 minutes;
  • Step 4 Add steel fibers to the mixture obtained in step 3, continue stirring for 1-3 minutes, stir evenly and then discharge to obtain a concrete mixture;
  • Step 5 Perform molding and curing on the concrete mixture obtained in Step 4 to obtain 200MPa grade steam-curing-free ultra-high performance concrete containing coarse aggregate.
  • the molding curing adopts solar accelerated curing method, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 51 pour the concrete mixture into the mold and vibrate it to form, let it stand for 1-2 days under standard curing conditions of 20 ⁇ 2°C and relative humidity ⁇ 95%, and then remove the mold;
  • Step 52 Move the removed concrete to a solar curing shed equipped with a heating and moisturizing system and a temperature and humidity continuous monitoring system for curing;
  • the solar conservation shed equipped with a heating and moisturizing system and a temperature and humidity continuous monitoring system includes sunlight panels or lighting panels, insulation materials and sealing materials.
  • the heating and moisturizing system adopts a spray water mist device and is installed inside the solar maintenance shed.
  • the temperature and humidity continuous monitoring system uses a temperature and humidity sensor and is installed inside the solar maintenance shed.
  • Step 53 Calculate the equivalent age of the concrete during the curing process based on the temperature and humidity data provided by the continuous temperature and humidity monitoring system, and then calculate the compressive strength of the concrete during the curing process and the autogenous shrinkage caused by chemical shrinkage based on the equivalent age. , curing ends when the calculated compressive strength and autogenous shrinkage caused by chemical shrinkage meet the performance requirements, and a 200MPa-level steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete containing coarse aggregate is obtained.
  • the curing age is determined using the concrete performance prediction method based on the equivalent age, which specifically includes: calculating the equivalent age of the concrete during the curing process based on the temperature and humidity data provided by the temperature and humidity continuous monitoring system, and then based on the equivalent age.
  • the effective age period is calculated by calculating the compressive strength of concrete and the autogenous shrinkage caused by chemical shrinkage during the curing process. When the calculated compressive strength and the autogenous shrinkage caused by chemical shrinkage meet the performance requirements, the curing ends, and the corresponding time is curing. Required age.
  • R is the gas constant, which is 8.314J/mol ⁇ K
  • U ar is the activation energy of the hydration reaction when the curing temperature is 20°C
  • U aT is the reaction activation energy when the temperature is T, which is a function of time and temperature.
  • the calculation formula for the corresponding compressive strength and autogenous shrinkage caused by chemical shrinkage of the concrete during the curing process is:
  • ⁇ is the hydration degree of concrete
  • ⁇ 0 is the cement hydration degree when concrete sets
  • ⁇ u is the final hydration degree of concrete
  • X i ( ⁇ ) is the concrete compressive strength when concrete hydration reaches ⁇ or by Autogenous shrinkage caused by chemical shrinkage
  • X i ( ⁇ u ) is the compressive strength of concrete corresponding to the final hydration degree of concrete or autogenous shrinkage caused by chemical shrinkage
  • ⁇ i is a material-related constant.
  • a and B are material-related constants.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a 200MPa-level steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete containing coarse aggregates in construction , highways, bridges, railways, water conservancy and other fields.
  • Examples 1-3 By adjusting the dosage of coarse aggregate and steel fiber, on the basis of ensuring high strength and high elastic modulus performance, reducing the impact of the overlap of aggregate and fiber on working performance, preparing coarse bone above C200 grade Ultra-high performance concrete is made of ultra-high performance concrete.
  • the specific mix proportions are shown in Table 1. The unit of each component is kg/m 3 .
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 Expansion/mm 390 400 390 Compressive strength/MPa 215.6 202.4 220.8 Elastic modulus/GPa 58 62.2 65.3

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Abstract

本公开涉及混凝土技术领域，提供了一种含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土及其制备方法。该超高性能混凝土包括如下质量份数的原料：水泥100份，硅灰15-20份，粉煤灰30-35份，细骨料95-105份，粗骨料85-140份，水20-25份，减水剂2-5份，钢纤维19-33份。本公开提供的超高性能混凝土，组分主要为常规材料和废弃材料，原材料种类少，材料易取得，成本低。本公开提供的超高性能混凝土的制备方法，采用太阳能加速养护方法对超高性能混凝土进行成型养护，基于等效龄期的混凝土性能预测，能够保证混凝土在太阳能等非恒温养护条件下经济、高效、高质量的生产，养护工艺节能环保，绿色低碳，操作简单方便，经济成本低，有利于超高性能混凝土的推广应用。

Description

含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土及其制备方法 技术领域
本公开涉及混凝土技术领域，特别涉及一种含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土及其制备方法。
背景技术
相对普通混凝土，含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土(UHPC)具有高强度、高延性和高耐久性三大特点含，含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土由于粗骨料的掺入，相对活性粉末混凝土材料具有更高的弹性模量和抗收缩开裂能力，有望在建筑结构领域实现推广应用，尤其是在大跨度桥梁工程中，含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土还可以提高桥梁整体结构刚度，大幅度减小结构尺寸与自重，降低收缩开裂风险，延长全周期服役寿命。
现有技术中，含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土在制备过程中通常采用常规养护方式，导致混凝土的强度普遍不高，强度很难达到200MPa，强度要达到200MPa以上需要干热条件或高温蒸汽条件下进行成型养护，养护温度一般大于90℃，制备工艺相对复杂且耗能大，制约了含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土在大型结构及构件中的应用前景。
此外，各种添加剂以及特殊材料的掺入，使得含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土在实际工程中的成本极高，难以推广应用。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本公开的主要目的在于提供一种含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土及其制备方法，以解决采用自然条件下养护方式超高性能混凝土强度普遍不高，200MPa以上需要采用高温或加压养护的问题，同时改善超高性能混凝土原材料复杂苛刻，成本高的问题。
为达到上述目的，本公开提供一种含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超 高性能混凝土，该超高性能混凝土包括如下质量份数的原料：
水泥100份，硅灰15-20份，粉煤灰30-35份，细骨料95-105份，粗骨料85-140份，水20-25份，减水剂2-5份，钢纤维19-33份。
上述方案中，所述粗骨料采用花岗岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩、石灰岩中的一种，颗粒粒径为4.75mm～9.5mm，含水率≤0.1％，含泥量≤0.5％，压碎值≤10％。
上述方案中，所述减水剂为聚羧酸高性能液体减水剂，固含量大于40％。
上述方案中，所述钢纤维采用镀铜钢纤维，所述镀铜钢纤维的直径为0.18～0.22mm，长度为10～15mm，抗拉强度≥2200MPa，弹性模量≥210GPa。
上述方案中，所述水泥采用强度等级52.5及以上的硅酸盐水泥或普通硅酸盐水泥；所述硅灰采用SiO 2质量分数≥95％，活性指数≥115％，比表面积≥15m 2/g，45μm筛选余量≤5.0％的高纯度建筑用硅粉；所述粉煤灰采用筛余量≤9％，烧失量≤1％，需水量比≤95％的一级粉煤灰；所述细骨料采用石英砂、河砂、机制砂中的至少一种，颗粒粒径为0.075～4.75mm，细度模数为2.6～2.8，含水率≤0.1％，含泥量≤0.5％。
本公开还提供了一种含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按质量份数配比分别称取水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰、细骨料、粗骨料、水、减水剂和钢纤维；
步骤2：将水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰、细骨料和粗骨料加入搅拌机，均匀搅拌1-2分钟；
步骤3：向步骤2得到的混合物中加入水和减水剂，继续搅拌2-3分钟；
步骤4：向步骤3得到的混合物中加入钢纤维，继续搅拌1-3分钟，搅拌均匀后出料，得到混凝土拌和物；
步骤5：对步骤4得到的混凝土拌合物进行成型养护，得到含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土。
上述方案中，步骤5中所述成型养护采用太阳能加速养护方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤51：将混凝土拌合物浇筑到模具中振捣成型，在温度为20±2℃，相对湿度≥95％的标准养护条件下静置1-2天，拆模；
步骤52：将拆模后的混凝土移至配置有增温保湿系统和温湿度连续监测系统的太阳能养护棚中进行养护；
步骤53：根据温湿度连续监测系统提供的温湿度数据计算混凝土在养护过程中对应的等效龄期，再根据等效龄期计算养护过程中混凝土的抗压强度和由化学减缩引起的自收缩，当计算得到的抗压强度和由化学减缩引起的自收缩满足性能要求时养护结束，即得到含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土。
上述方案中，所述太阳能养护棚包括阳光板或采光板、保温材料和密封材料。
上述方案中，所述增温保湿系统采用喷淋水雾装置，所述温湿度连续监测系统采用温湿度传感器。
本公开还提供了一种含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土在建筑、公路、桥梁、铁路、水利领域中的应用。
从上述技术方案可以看出，本公开提供的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土及其制备方法，至少具有以下有益效果：
1、本公开提供的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土，组分主要为常规材料和废弃材料，不用掺入过多化学添加剂，原材料种类少，材料易取得，成本低，解决了超高性能混凝土原材料复杂苛刻，成本高的问题。
2、本公开提供的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土制备方法，采用太阳能加速养护方法对超高性能混凝土进行成型养护，解决了采用自然条件下养护方式超高性能混凝土强度普遍不高，200MPa以上需要采用高温或加压养护的问题，与传统的蒸汽养护方法相比，太阳能加速养护方法节能环保，绿色低碳，操作简单方便，避免建立结构复杂的养护设备，极大节约建设成本，有益于可持续发展。
3、本公开提供的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土快速预制养护方法，采用太阳能加速养护方法对超高性能混凝土进行成型养护，基于等效龄期的混凝土性能预测，能够保证混凝土在太阳能等非恒温养护条件下经济、高效、高质量的生产，且实现了太阳能等非恒温养护条件下混凝土性能的实时监控，养护质量的全程评估，从而较为科学准确的确定养护龄期，保证混凝土在太阳能等非恒温养护条件下经济、高效、高质量的生产。
附图说明
为了更进一步说明本公开的内容，以下结合附图对本公开做详细描述，其中：
图1为依照本公开实施例的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本公开进一步详细说明。但是应该理解，这些描述只是示例性的，而并非要限制本公开的范围。在下面的详细描述中，为便于解释，阐述了许多具体的细节以提供对本公开实施例的全面理解。然而，明显地，一个或多个实施例在没有这些具体细节的情况下也可以被实施。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要地混淆本公开的概念。
本公开实施例提供了一种含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土，该超高性能混凝土包括如下质量份数的原料：水泥100份，硅灰15-20份，粉煤灰30-35份，细骨料95-105份，粗骨料85-140份，水20-25份，减水剂2-5份，钢纤维19-33份。
在本公开实施例中，所述水泥采用强度等级52.5及以上的硅酸盐水泥或普通硅酸盐水泥。
在本公开实施例中，所述硅灰采用SiO 2质量分数≥95％，活性指数≥115％，比表面积≥15m 2/g，45μm筛选余量≤5.0％的高纯度建筑用硅粉。所述粉煤灰采用筛余量≤9％，烧失量≤1％，需水量比≤95％的一级粉煤灰。硅灰和粉煤灰作为活性组分，发生火山灰反应，消耗大量氢氧化钙晶体，生成大量的水化硅酸钙凝胶，可以改善界面区的微观结构，提高混凝土的密实度。
在本公开实施例中，所述细骨料采用石英砂、河砂、机制砂中的至少一种，可选地，细骨料采用河砂；颗粒粒径为0.075～4.75mm，细度模数为2.6～2.8，含水率≤0.1％，含泥量≤0.5％。
在本公开实施例中，所述粗骨料采用花岗岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩、石灰岩中的一种，可选地，粗骨料采用辉绿岩；颗粒粒径为4.75mm～9.5mm，含水率≤0.1％，含泥量≤0.5％，压碎值≤10％。粗骨料的加入，能够提高混凝土的弹性模量和变形能力、降低开裂风险和提高体积稳定性、提高耐磨性能以及降低成本。
在本公开实施例中，所述减水剂为聚羧酸高性能液体减水剂，固含量大于40％，例如固含量为45％。减水剂的掺入，能够大幅度地减少拌合用水量，使得含粗骨料超高性能混凝土在水胶比很低时，也能具有良好的工作性和匀质性。
在本公开实施例中，所述钢纤维采用镀铜钢纤维，所述镀铜钢纤维的直径为0.18～0.22mm，长度为10～15mm，抗拉强度≥2200MPa，弹性模量≥210GPa。钢纤维的掺入，能够提高混凝土的韧性和延性。
基于本公开实施例提供的这种含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土，本公开实施例还提供了一种含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土的制备方法，具体如图1所示，该制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按质量份数配比分别称取水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰、细骨料、粗骨料、水、减水剂和钢纤维；
步骤2：将水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰、细骨料和粗骨料加入搅拌机，均匀搅拌1-2分钟；
步骤3：向步骤2得到的混合物中加入水和减水剂，继续搅拌2-3分钟；
步骤4：向步骤3得到的混合物中加入钢纤维，继续搅拌1-3分钟，搅拌均匀后出料，得到混凝土拌和物；
步骤5：对步骤4得到的混凝土拌合物进行成型养护，得到含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土。
在本步骤中，所述成型养护采用太阳能加速养护方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤51：将混凝土拌合物浇筑到模具中振捣成型，在温度为20±2℃，相对湿度≥95％的标准养护条件下静置1-2天，拆模；
步骤52：将拆模后的混凝土移至配置有增温保湿系统和温湿度连续监测系统的太阳能养护棚中进行养护；
在本步骤中，所述配置有增温保湿系统和温湿度连续监测系统的太阳能养护棚包括阳光板或采光板、保温材料和密封材料。可选地，所述增温保湿系统采用喷淋水雾装置，设置于太阳能养护棚内部。所述温湿度连续监测系统采用温湿度传感器，设置于太阳能养护棚内部。
步骤53：根据温湿度连续监测系统提供的温湿度数据计算混凝土在养护过程中对应的等效龄期，再根据等效龄期计算养护过程中混凝土的抗压强度和由化学减缩引起的自收缩，当计算得到的抗压强度和由化学减缩引起的自收缩满足性能要求时养护结束，即得到含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土。
在本步骤中，养护龄期采用基于等效龄期的混凝土性能预测方法确定，具体包括：根据温湿度连续监测系统提供温湿度数据计算混凝土在养护过程中对应的等效龄期，再根据等效龄期计算养护过程中混凝土的抗压强度和由化学减缩引起的自收缩，当计算得到的抗压强度和由化学减缩引起的自收缩满足性能要求时养护结束，所对应的时间即为养护所需龄期。
本实施例中，所述混凝土在养护过程中对应的等效龄期计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022095584-appb-000001
其中：
U aT＝(42830-43T)e (-0.00017T)t
式中，R为气体常数，取8.314J/mol·K；U ar为养护温度为20℃时的水化反应活化能；U aT为温度为T时反应活化能，是时间和温度的函数。
本实施例中，所述混凝土在养护过程中对应的抗压强度和由化学减缩引起的自收缩的计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022095584-appb-000002
式中，α为混凝土水化度，α 0为混凝土凝结时的水泥水化度，α u为混凝土最终水化度，X i(α)为混凝土水化为α时的混凝土抗压强度或由化学减缩引起的自收缩，X i(α u)为混凝土最终水化度时对应的混凝土抗压强度或由化学减缩引起的自收缩，β i为材料相关的常数。
其中：
Figure PCTCN2022095584-appb-000003
式中，A，B为材料相关的常数。
基于本公开实施例提供的这种含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土，本公开实施例还提供了一种含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土在在建筑、公路、桥梁、铁路、水利等领域中的应用。
为了测试和验证本公开提供的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土的性能，以下结合实施例1-3对本公开提供的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土进一步详细说明。
实施例1-3通过调整粗骨料和钢纤维的用量，在保证高强度，高弹模性能的基础上，降低骨料与纤维的搭接对工作性能的影响，配制C200等级以上的粗骨料超高性能混凝土，具体配合比见表1所示，各组分的 单位为kg/m 3。
Figure PCTCN2022095584-appb-000004
表1
将实施例1至实施例3的含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土组分按照上述制备方法生产后进行综合性能测试，试验结果如表2所示：
  实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
扩展度/mm 390 400 390
抗压强度/MPa 215.6 202.4 220.8
弹性模量/GPa 58 62.2 65.3
表2
根据表2中的试验数据可以看出，采用本公开提供的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土的制备方法，粗骨料用于提高弹性模量和体积稳定性，钢纤维用于提高混凝土韧性和延性，通过调整粗骨料和钢纤维的用量，可以制备出抗压强度大于200MPa，弹性模量大于58GPa的粗骨料超高性能混凝土。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本公开的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本公开的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土，包括如下质量份数的原料：
    水泥100份，硅灰15-20份，粉煤灰30-35份，细骨料95-105份，粗骨料85-140份，水20-25份，减水剂2-5份，钢纤维19-33份。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土，所述粗骨料采用花岗岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩、石灰岩中的一种，颗粒粒径为4.75mm～9.5mm，含水率≤0.1％，含泥量≤0.5％，压碎值≤10％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土，所述减水剂为聚羧酸高性能液体减水剂，固含量大于40％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土，所述钢纤维采用镀铜钢纤维，所述镀铜钢纤维的直径为0.18～0.22mm，长度为10～15mm，抗拉强度≥2200MPa，弹性模量≥210GPa。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土，
    所述水泥采用强度等级52.5及以上的硅酸盐水泥或普通硅酸盐水泥；
    所述硅灰采用SiO 2质量分数≥95％，活性指数≥115％，比表面积≥15m 2/g，45μm筛选余量≤5.0％的高纯度建筑用硅粉；
    所述粉煤灰采用筛余量≤9％，烧失量≤1％，需水量比≤95％的一级粉煤灰；
    所述细骨料采用石英砂、河砂、机制砂中的至少一种，颗粒粒径为0.075～4.75mm，细度模数为2.6～2.8，含水率≤0.1％，含泥量≤0.5％。
  6. 一种权利要求1至5中任一项所述的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：按质量份数配比分别称取水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰、细骨料、粗骨料、水、减水剂和钢纤维；
    步骤2：将水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰、细骨料和粗骨料加入搅拌机，均匀搅拌1-2分钟；
    步骤3：向步骤2得到的混合物中加入水和减水剂，继续搅拌2-3分钟；
    步骤4：向步骤3得到的混合物中加入钢纤维，继续搅拌1-3分钟，搅拌均匀后出料，得到混凝土拌和物；
    步骤5：对步骤4得到的混凝土拌合物进行成型养护，得到含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，步骤5中所述成型养护采用太阳能加速养护方法，包括如下步骤：
    步骤51：将混凝土拌合物浇筑到模具中振捣成型，在温度为20±2℃，相对湿度≥95％的标准养护条件下静置1-2天，拆模；
    步骤52：将拆模后的混凝土移至配置有增温保湿系统和温湿度连续监测系统的太阳能养护棚中进行养护；
    步骤53：根据温湿度连续监测系统提供的温湿度数据计算混凝土在养护过程中对应的等效龄期，再根据等效龄期计算养护过程中混凝土的抗压强度和由化学减缩引起的自收缩，当计算得到的抗压强度和由化学减缩引起的自收缩满足性能要求时养护结束，即得到含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，所述太阳能养护棚包括阳光板或采光板、保温材料和密封材料。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，所述增温保湿系统采用喷淋水雾装置，所述温湿度连续监测系统采用温湿度传感器。
  10. 权利要求1至5中任一项所述的含粗骨料的200MPa级免蒸养超高性能混凝土在建筑、公路、桥梁、铁路、水利领域中的应用。
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