WO2023221651A1 - 一种双极化辐射单元、一种天线以及一种天线系统 - Google Patents

一种双极化辐射单元、一种天线以及一种天线系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023221651A1
WO2023221651A1 PCT/CN2023/083984 CN2023083984W WO2023221651A1 WO 2023221651 A1 WO2023221651 A1 WO 2023221651A1 CN 2023083984 W CN2023083984 W CN 2023083984W WO 2023221651 A1 WO2023221651 A1 WO 2023221651A1
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Prior art keywords
dual
radiation unit
polarized radiation
antenna
present disclosure
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PCT/CN2023/083984
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钱涵宇
于彦朝
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普罗斯通信技术（苏州）有限公司
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Publication of WO2023221651A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023221651A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/20—Two collinear substantially straight active elements; Substantially straight single active elements

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field related to antennas, and more specifically to a dual-polarization radiation unit, an antenna including the above-mentioned dual-polarization radiation unit, and an antenna system including the above-mentioned antenna.
  • base station antennas generally contain more than one communication frequency band.
  • current operators' base station antennas need to cover at least 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G networks to support a better user experience.
  • the communication frequency band of the antenna should meet the requirements of broadband communication.
  • the frequency band of the low-frequency antenna unit is generally the communication frequency band of 698MHz to 960MHz or the communication frequency band of 617MHz to 896MHz, but rarely includes 617MHz to 960MHz. all frequency bands.
  • using currently existing antennas will greatly increase the number of antennas used and increase the difficulty of antenna layout.
  • antenna array units in different frequency bands may partially overlap, thus affecting the radiation pattern of the base station antenna and seriously affecting the radiation performance of the antenna.
  • the inventor of the present disclosure thought of designing a wide-band dual-band antenna.
  • Polarized radiating elements The radiating arm of the dual-polarized radiating element according to the present disclosure adopts a closed loop line structure, and the antenna line width is relatively narrow, which can reduce the influence between high and low frequency units.
  • these factors work together to increase the width of the radiation band and reduce mutual interference between different antennas, such as high and low frequency antennas.
  • the first aspect of the present disclosure proposes a dual-polarized radiation unit, which includes:
  • the dual-polarized radiation unit disclosed according to the present disclosure adopts a closed loop line structure to form four radiation arms associated with two dipoles, so that the high impedance characteristics of the closed loop line structure can be used to reduce Mutual interference between small different high and low frequency antennas.
  • the closed loop line structure is arc-shaped chamfered at at least one corner. More preferably, the closed loop line structure is arc-shaped chamfered at three corners except the corner at the center.
  • the radiation efficiency of the antenna using the dual-polarized radiation unit according to the present disclosure can be effectively improved in some frequency bands and the bandwidth can be expanded.
  • it can also be beneficial to the processing and production of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
  • the dual-polarization radiation unit further includes: a dielectric matrix configured to provide support for the two dipoles.
  • the dielectric substrate is hollowed out at a portion that is not in contact with the closed loop line structure.
  • the width of the closed loop line structure of the dual-polarized radiation unit is between 0.4 mm and 1.2 mm. In this way, since the width of the radiating arm is smaller, the coupling current of the high-frequency signal in the radiating unit can be effectively reduced, thereby effectively reducing the interference of the radiating unit to the high-frequency radiating unit.
  • the dual-polarized radiation unit further includes: a feed network, the feed network includes two relatively vertical feed plates, wherein each feed plate is configured to to feed the corresponding dipole. In this manner, the manufacturing process and assembly process of the dual-polarized radiation unit disclosed in accordance with the present disclosure can be facilitated.
  • the feed plate is configured with metallized vias, ground layers are configured on both sides of the feed plate, and the ground layers on both sides pass through the metal vias. Attributed vias are used for connection. In this way, the isolation between the input ports of the two feed plates of the dual-polarized radiation unit disclosed in the present disclosure can be improved and the balance of the current distribution of each feed plate can be improved.
  • a signal layer is also constructed on the feed board, and the signal layer is constructed in the middle of the ground layer on one side to feed the two dipoles. That is to say, the feeding network uses a grounded coplanar waveguide (Coplanar Waveguide with Ground: CPWG) feeding method to feed the two dipoles. In this way, the power feeding effect of the dual-polarized radiation unit disclosed according to the present disclosure can be improved.
  • CPWG Coplanar Waveguide with Ground
  • a second aspect of the present disclosure provides an antenna, which includes: at least one dual-polarization radiation unit proposed according to the first aspect of the present disclosure; and a radiation unit matching circuit.
  • a third aspect of the present disclosure provides an antenna system, the antenna system including: the antenna proposed according to the second aspect of the present disclosure; and at least one second antenna, wherein the at least one first The operating frequency of the second antenna is higher than the operating frequency of the antenna.
  • the dual-polarized radiation unit disclosed in the present disclosure adopts a closed loop line structure to form the radiation arms of two dipoles, thereby reducing different radiation by virtue of the high impedance characteristics of the closed loop line structure.
  • Mutual interference between high and low frequency antennas is achieved by virtue of the high impedance characteristics of the closed loop line structure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized radiation unit 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2A shows a front view of the feed plate 140 of the feed network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2B shows a rear view of the feed plate 140 of the feed network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3A illustrates a perspective view of antenna 300 in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. body view
  • FIG. 3B illustrates another perspective view of the antenna 300 of the embodiment of FIG. 3A in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Figure 3C shows a side view of antenna 300 according to the Figure 3A embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the inventor of this disclosure thought of designing a wide-band bipolar chemical radiation element.
  • the radiation arm of the dual-polarized radiation element according to the present disclosure adopts a closed loop line structure, which can increase the width of the radiation frequency band and reduce mutual interference between different antennas.
  • the low-frequency antenna formed by the dual-polarized radiation unit proposed by the inventor of the present disclosure has a bandwidth covering the frequency band from 617MHz to 960MHz.
  • the bandwidth is wider and the size is smaller, and it can also effectively Reducing the number of antenna elements used in a given situation reduces the difficulty of antenna layout.
  • a low-frequency antenna including a dual-polarized radiation unit according to the present disclosure can effectively reduce its impact on the radiation performance of the high-frequency antenna unit.
  • the dual-polarized radiation unit 100 proposed by the present disclosure includes two dipoles having four radiation arms. 125, 126, 127 and 128, the structures of these four radiating arms are the same, that is, they are axially symmetrical about two mutually perpendicular axes 111 and 112. Specifically, these four radiating arms are symmetrical about the axes 111 in pairs.
  • the four radiating arms of the two dipoles have a closed loop line structure, in which the two mutually perpendicular axes divide the radiating unit 100 into four equal parts. area.
  • the closed loop wire structure forms a hollow region 123 at each of the four regions to reduce the weight of the dual-polarized radiation unit 100 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the dual-polarized radiation unit 100 disclosed according to the present disclosure adopts a closed loop line structure to form four radiating arms of two dipoles, so that the high impedance characteristics of the closed loop line structure can be used to reduce the difference in radiation. Mutual interference between antennas.
  • the closed loop line structure has the following advantages: for example, when the positive 45° polarization couple of a dual-polarized radiation unit is When the poles (such as a pair of radiating arms on the upper right and lower left) are excited or fed, due to the coupling effect of the current, another polarized ring line structure (such as a pair of radiating arms on the lower right and upper left) is produced as shown in the figure.
  • the ring current shown in 1 (a schematic diagram of the current direction at a certain moment). At this time, currents in opposite directions are generated on the parallel lines, that is, the current directions on the parallel lines adjacent to the lower left and upper left radiating arms are opposite.
  • the current directions on the parallel lines adjacent to the upper left and upper right radiating arms are opposite, and the current directions on the parallel lines adjacent to the upper right and lower right radiating arms are opposite, and in the lower right
  • the direction of current in the parallel line adjacent to the lower left radiating arm is also opposite.
  • the two arrows on the upper side indicate that the direction of current flows from left to right
  • the two arrows on the lower side indicate that the direction of current flows from left to right.
  • the two arrows on the upper side The current direction is the same as the current flow on the lower side; similarly, the two arrows on the left side indicate that the current direction flows from bottom to top, and the two arrows on the right side indicate that the current direction flows from bottom to top.
  • the current on the left side has the same direction as the current on the right side, and the currents in the same direction superimpose each other in the far field field intensity, producing a positive 45° polarized electromagnetic wave. In the same way, the principle of generating negative 45° polarized waves is similar.
  • the line width of a closed loop line is narrow, the characteristic impedance is large, and the high-frequency antenna When the line unit radiates, the coupling current on the closed loop line is small, which greatly reduces the impact of the dual-polarized radiation unit of the low-frequency antenna unit on the radiation characteristics of the high-frequency unit, thereby improving the layout of antenna units with different operating frequencies in a small space. flexibility.
  • the closed loop line structure performs arc-shaped corner cutting at the corner 124. More preferably, the closed loop line structure performs arc-cut corners at all three corners except the corner at the center. Arc chamfer processing. This processing can effectively improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna in some frequency bands and expand the bandwidth. At the same time, it will also be beneficial to the processing and production of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
  • PCBs printed circuit boards
  • the dual-polarized radiation unit 100 further includes: a dielectric matrix 130 configured to provide support for the two dipoles.
  • the dielectric base 130 is hollowed out at portions that are not in contact with the closed loop line structure. In this way, the materials used in the dual-polarized radiation unit 100 disclosed in the present disclosure can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the dual-polarized radiation unit 100 disclosed in the present disclosure can be reduced. At the same time, the weight of the dual-polarized radiation unit disclosed in accordance with the present disclosure can also be reduced. In summary, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the closed loop line structure is arcuately chamfered at at least one corner 124 .
  • the radiation efficiency of the antenna using the dual-polarization radiation unit 100 according to the present disclosure can be effectively improved in a certain frequency band range.
  • it can also be beneficial to the processing and production of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
  • the width of the closed loop line of the dual-polarized radiation unit 100 is between 0.4 mm and 1.2 mm. In this way, since the widths of the radiating arms 125, 126, 127 and 128 are all small, the coupling current of the high-frequency signal in the radiating unit 100 can be effectively reduced, thereby effectively reducing the impact of the radiating unit 100 on the high-frequency radiating unit. interference.
  • closed loop lines with other widths will fall within the protection scope of the claims based on the present disclosure as long as they can achieve the high characteristic impedance and wide-band characteristics proposed according to the present disclosure.
  • the dual-polarized radiation unit 100 further includes: a feed network 140, the feed network 140 includes two relatively vertical feed plates 141 and another feed plate (not shown), wherein each feed plate 141 is configured to form a dipole for a corresponding dipole (for example, the upper left radiating arm and the lower right radiating arm). (or a dipole formed by the lower left radiating arm and the upper right radiating arm) feeding.
  • a feed network 140 includes two relatively vertical feed plates 141 and another feed plate (not shown), wherein each feed plate 141 is configured to form a dipole for a corresponding dipole (for example, the upper left radiating arm and the lower right radiating arm). (or a dipole formed by the lower left radiating arm and the upper right radiating arm) feeding.
  • FIG. 2A A front view of the feed plate 141 of the feed network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIG. 2A , and a feed plate 141 of the feed network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIG. 2B Reverse view of 141.
  • a signal line 1412 is provided on the front side of the feed plate 141 , so that the signal line 1412 can be used to feed the dual-polarized radiation unit 100 that cooperates with it in a CPWG manner.
  • electricity Specifically, the front ground layer 1413 shown in gray in FIG. 2A is on both sides of the signal line 1412.
  • the ground layer 1413 in FIG. 2A and the ground layer 1414 also shown in gray in FIG.
  • the feeding network of the dual-polarized radiation unit 100 adopts a grounded coplanar waveguide (Coplanar Waveguide with Ground: CPWG) method, that is, the feeding network 140 uses a CPWG feeding method to provide power to the two dipoles. sub for feeding. In this way, the power feeding effect of the dual-polarized radiation unit 100 disclosed according to the present disclosure can be improved.
  • CPWG Coplanar Waveguide with Ground
  • the two output ports generate ⁇ 180° currents and are coupled to two radiating arms of the same polarization formed by a closed loop line structure.
  • the two feed plates are perpendicular to each other. placed, such as plugged together.
  • Metalized vias 1411 are added to each feed board to improve the isolation between the input ports of the two feed boards and improve the balance of current distribution on each feed board.
  • both the power supply board 141 and another power supply board are configured with metallized vias 1411 . In this way, the isolation between the input ports of the two feed plates of the dual-polarized radiation unit 100 disclosed in the present disclosure can be improved and the balance of the current distribution of each feed plate can be improved.
  • FIG. 3A shows a perspective view of the antenna 300 from one perspective according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3B shows a perspective view of the antenna 300 from another perspective according to the embodiment of FIG. 3A of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3C shows a side view of antenna 300 according to the Figure 3A embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • An antenna is proposed, which includes: at least one dual-polarization radiation unit 100 proposed according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, a feed network 140 and a radiation unit matching circuit 150.
  • a radiation signal can be provided for the dual-polarized radiating unit 100 proposed according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, thereby including the dual-polarized radiating unit proposed according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the 100 antenna works fine.
  • a third aspect of the present disclosure provides an antenna system, the antenna system including: the antenna proposed according to the second aspect of the present disclosure; and at least one second antenna, wherein the at least one first The operating frequency of the second antenna is higher than the operating frequency of the antenna.
  • the dual-polarized radiation unit disclosed in the present disclosure adopts a closed loop line structure to form the radiation arms of two dipoles, thereby reducing different radiation by virtue of the high impedance characteristics of the closed loop line structure.
  • Mutual interference between high and low frequency antennas is achieved by virtue of the high impedance characteristics of the closed loop line structure.

Abstract

本公开内容涉及一种双极化辐射单元、一种天线以及一种天线系统。其中，所述双极化辐射单元包括：两个偶极子，其中，所述两个偶极子的辐射臂为闭合环形线结构并且关于两条相互垂直的线轴对称，其中，所述两条相互垂直的线轴将所述辐射单元均分为四个区域。此外，本公开内容还涉及一种包括上述的双极化辐射单元的天线以及一种包括上述的天线的天线系统。

Description

一种双极化辐射单元、一种天线以及一种天线系统 技术领域
本公开内容涉及有关天线的技术领域，更为具体地涉及一种双极化辐射单元、一种包括上述双极化辐射单元的天线以及一种包括上述的天线的天线系统。
背景技术
众所周知，基站天线一般包含的通信频段不止一个。例如现在的运营商的基站天线至少需要覆盖诸如2G、3G、4G以及5G网络，从而支撑更优的用户体验。
一方面，由于基站天线空间有限，天线的通信频段应满足宽带通信的要求，而现在低频天线单元的频段一般为698MHz至960MHz的通信频段或者617MHz至896MHz的通信频段，但是很少包括617MHz至960MHz的全部频段。在某些宽频带的应用需求下，使用目前现有的天线会大大增多天线的使用数量，增加天线布局的困难性。
另一方面，由于基站天线的布局空间有限，在某些特殊情况下，会造成不同频段的天线阵列单元部分重叠，从而影响基站天线的辐射方向图，严重影响天线的辐射性能。
发明内容
有鉴于对于背景技术中所存在的问题的深刻理解，即现有的天线的通信频段不够宽，而且不同的天线之间会形成相互干扰，本公开内容的发明人想到设计一种宽频段的双极化辐射元件。依据本公开内容的双极化辐射元件的辐射臂采用闭合环形线结构，并且天线线宽比较窄，可以降低高低频单元之间的影响。此外，由于环行线之间的耦合作用，以及优选的天线单元的倒角处理，这些因素共同作用从而能够提高辐射频段的宽度，而且能够降低不同天线之间例如高低频天线之间的相互干扰。
具体而言，本公开内容的第一方面提出了一种双极化辐射单元，所述双极化辐射单元包括：
两个偶极子，其中，所述两个偶极子的四个辐射臂为闭合环形线结构并且关于两条相互垂直的线轴对称，其中，所述两条相互垂直的线轴将所述辐射单元均分为四个区域。
在此，依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元采用闭合环形线结构来形成与两个偶极子相关联的四个辐射臂，从而能够借助于闭合环形线结构的高阻抗特性来减小不同的高低频天线之间的相互干扰。
优选地，在依据本公开内容的一个实施例之中，所述闭合环形线结构在至少一个拐角处进行弧形倒角处理。更为优选地，所述闭合环形线结构在除了中心处的拐角之外的三个拐角处均进行弧形倒角处理。以这样的方式能够有效地提高使用依据本公开内容的双极化辐射单元的天线在部分频段范围内的辐射效率并且能够拓展带宽。与此同时，也能够有利于印刷电路板PCB的加工制作。
优选地，在依据本公开内容的一个实施例之中，所述双极化辐射单元还包括：介质基体，所述介质基体被构造用于为所述两个偶极子提供支撑。进一步优选地，在依据本公开内容的一个实施例之中，所述介质基体在不与所述闭合环形线结构接触的部分进行挖空处理。以这样的方式能够减少依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元的用料，降低依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元的制造成本。与此同时还可以减轻依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元的重量。
在依据本公开内容的一个实施例之中，所述双极化辐射单元的所述闭合环形线结构的宽度在0.4毫米至1.2毫米之间。以这样的方式，由于辐射臂的宽度较小，从而可以有效减小高频信号在辐射单元中的耦合电流，进而可以有效降低辐射单元对高频辐射单元的干扰。
在依据本公开内容的一个实施例之中，双极化辐射单元还包括：馈电网络，所述馈电网络包括两块相对垂直的馈电板，其中，每块馈电板分别被构造用于为相对应的偶极子馈电。以这样的方式能够便于依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元的制造过程以及组装过程。
在依据本公开内容的一个实施例之中，所述馈电板上被构造有金属化过孔，所述馈电板的两侧分别构造有接地层并且两侧的接地层通过所述金 属化过孔进行连接。以这样的方式能够提高依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元的两块馈电板输入端口之间的隔离度和提高每块馈电板电流分布的平衡性。
在依据本公开内容的一个实施例之中，所述馈电板上还构造有信号层，所述信号层被构造在一侧的接地层中间，以为所述两个偶极子馈电，也就是说，所述馈电网络采用接地共面波导(Coplanar Waveguide with Ground：CPWG)馈电方式为所述两个偶极子进行馈电。以这样的方式能够提高依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元的馈电效果。
此外，本公开内容的第二方面提出了一种天线，所述天线包括：至少一个根据本公开内容的第一方面所提出的双极化辐射单元；以及辐射单元匹配电路。
再者，本公开内容的第三方面提出了一种天线系统，所述天线系统包括：根据本公开内容的第二方面所提出的天线；以及至少一个第二天线，其中，所述至少一个第二天线的工作频率比所述天线的工作频率更高。
综上所述，依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元采用闭合环形线结构来形成两个偶极子的辐射臂，从而能够借助于闭合环形线结构的高阻抗特性来减小不同的高低频天线之间的相互干扰。
附图说明
参考附图示出并阐明实施例。这些附图用于阐明基本原理，从而仅仅示出了对于理解基本原理必要的方面。这些附图不是按比例的。在附图中，相同的附图标记表示相似的特征。
图1示出了依据本公开内容的一个实施例的双极化辐射单元100的结构示意图；
图2A示出了依据本公开内容的一个实施例的馈电网络的馈电板140的正面视图；
图2B示出了依据本公开内容的一个实施例的馈电网络的馈电板140的反面视图；
图3A示出了依据本公开内容的一个实施例的天线300的一个视角的立 体视图；
图3B示出了依据本公开内容的图3A的实施例的天线300的另一个视角的立体视图；以及
图3C示出了依据本公开内容的图3A实施例的天线300的侧视图。
本公开内容的其它特征、特点、优点和益处通过以下结合附图的详细描述将变得更加显而易见。
具体实施方式
在以下优选的实施例的具体描述中，将参考构成本公开内容一部分的所附的附图。所附的附图通过示例的方式示出了能够实现本公开内容的特定的实施例。示例的实施例并不旨在穷尽根据本公开内容的所有实施例。可以理解，在不偏离本公开内容的范围的前提下，可以利用其他实施例，也可以进行结构性或者逻辑性的修改。因此，以下的具体描述并非限制性的，且本公开内容的范围由所附的权利要求所限定。
现有技术中存在的如下技术问题，即现有的天线的通信频段不够宽，而且不同的高低频天线单元之间会形成相互干扰，本公开内容的发明人想到设计一种宽频段的双极化辐射元件。依据本公开内容的双极化辐射元件的辐射臂采用闭合环形线结构，从而能够提高辐射频段的宽度，而且能够降低不同天线之间的相互干扰。
针对上述技术问题，本公开内容的发明人所提出的依据本公开内容的双极化辐射单元所形成的低频天线带宽涵盖617MHz至960MHz的频段，带宽较宽而且尺寸较小，同时还可以有效地减少在特定情况下的天线单元的使用数量进而降低天线布局的困难性。再者，包括依据本公开内容的双极化辐射单元的低频天线可以有效地降低其对高频天线单元辐射性能的影响。
以下将结合附图对本公开内容所提出的双极化辐射单元进行详细的阐述，即以下参照图1来描述依据本公开内容的一个实施例的双极化辐射单元100的结构示意图。从图1可以看出，依据本公开内容的第一方面所提出的双极化辐射单元100包括两个偶极子，这两个偶极子具有四个辐射臂 125、126、127和128，这四个辐射臂的结构是一样的，即关于两个相互垂直的线轴111和112轴对称，具体而言，这四个辐射臂两两左右关于线轴111轴对称，并且这四个辐射臂两两上下关于线轴112轴对称。在此，左下的辐射臂和右上的辐射臂形成一个偶极子，而左上的辐射臂和右下的辐射臂形成另一个偶极子。此外，从图1之中还可以看出，所述两个偶极子的四个辐射臂为闭合环形线结构，其中，所述两条相互垂直的线轴将所述辐射单元100均分为四个区域。在此，可选地，所述闭合环形线结构在所述四个区域中的每个区域处形成中空区域123，以减轻依据本公开内容的一个实施例的双极化辐射单元100的重量。因为这四个辐射臂的结构都是一样的，故在此仅以右上角的辐射臂作为示例进行阐述。在此，依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元100采用闭合环形线结构来形成两个偶极子的四个辐射臂，从而能够借助于闭合环形线结构的高阻抗特性来减小不同天线之间的相互干扰。
此外，从图1之中还可以看出，在依据本公开内容的一个实施例之中，所述闭合环形线结构具有如下优点：即例如当对双极化辐射单元的正45°极化偶极子(例如右上和左下的一对辐射臂)进行激励即馈电时，由于电流的耦合作用使得另一个极化的环形线结构(例如右下和左上的一对辐射臂)中产生如图1所示的环形电流(为某一时刻的电流方向示意图)。此时，平行线上产生方向相反的电流，即在左下和左上的辐射臂相邻的平行线上的电流方向相反。与之相似地，在左上和右上的辐射臂相邻的平行线上的电流方向是相反的，在右上和右下的辐射臂相邻的平行线上的电流方向是相反的，而且在右下和左下的辐射臂相邻的平行线上的电流方向也是相反的。此外，如图1所示，上侧边上的两个箭头表示电流方向从左向右流动，下侧边上的两个箭头表示电流方向从左向右流动，此时，上侧边上的电流和下侧边上的电流方向相同；类似地，左侧边上的两个箭头表示电流方向从下往上流动，右侧边上的两个箭头表示电流方向从下往上流动，此时，左侧边上的电流和右侧边上的电流方向相同，而相同方向的电流在远场场强相互叠加，产生正45°极化的电磁波。与之同理，负45°极化波的产生原理类似。另一方面，闭合环形线的线宽较窄，特性阻抗较大，高频的天 线单元辐射时，闭合环形线上的耦合电流较小，从而大大降低该低频天线单元的双极化辐射单元对高频单元辐射特性的影响，进而提高不同工作频率的天线单元在狭小空间内布局的灵活性。
此外，从图1之中还可以看出，闭合环形线结构在拐角124处进行弧形切角，更为优选地，闭合环形线结构在除了中心处的拐角之外的三个拐角处均进行弧形倒角处理。这样处理可以有效提高天线在部分频段范围内的辐射效率并且能够拓展带宽，与此同时也将有利于印刷电路板PCB的加工制作。
由于该低频振子单元的双极化辐射单元是采用闭合环形线的形式。优选地，在依据本公开内容的一个实施例之中，所述双极化辐射单元100还包括：介质基体130，所述介质基体130被构造用于为所述两个偶极子提供支撑。进一步优选地，在依据本公开内容的一个实施例之中，所述介质基体130在不与所述闭合环形线结构接触的部分进行挖空处理。以这样的方式能够减少依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元100的用料，降低依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元100的制造成本。与此同时还可以减轻依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元的重量。概括地讲，在依据本公开内容的图1所示出的实施例之中，所述闭合环形线结构在至少一个拐角124处进行弧形倒角处理。以这样的方式能够有效地提高使用依据本公开内容的双极化辐射单元100的天线在部分频段范围内的辐射效率。与此同时也能够有利于印刷电路板PCB的加工制作。
在依据本公开内容的一个实施例之中，所述双极化辐射单元100所述闭合环形线的宽度在0.4毫米至1.2毫米之间。以这样的方式，由于辐射臂125、126、127和128的宽度均较小，从而可以有效减小高频信号在辐射单元100中的耦合电流，进而可以有效降低辐射单元100对高频辐射单元的干扰。在此，本领域的技术人员应当了解，其他宽度的闭合环形线只要能够实现依据本公开内容所提出的高特性阻抗以及宽频带的特性，均落入依据本公开内容的权利要求的保护范围。
此外，在依据本公开内容的一个实施例之中，双极化辐射单元100还包括：馈电网络140，所述馈电网络140包括两块相对垂直的馈电板141 和另一块未示出的馈电板，其中，每块馈电板141分别被构造用于为相对应的一个偶极子(例如左上的辐射臂和右下的辐射臂所形成的一个偶极子，或者左下的辐射臂和右上辐射臂所形成的一个偶极子)馈电。以这样的方式能够便于依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元100的制造过程以及组装过程。
以下将参照图2A来描述依据本公开内容的一个实施例的馈电网络的馈电板141的正面视图，并且参照图2B来描述依据本公开内容的一个实施例的馈电网络的馈电板141的反面视图。从图2A和图2B之中可以看出，馈电板141的正面上设置有信号线1412，从而能够借助于该信号线1412为与之配合的双极化辐射单元100采用CPWG的方式进行馈电。具体而言，在信号线1412的两边在图2A中以灰色表示的为正面的接地层1413，在图2A中的接地层1413和图2B中同样以灰色表示的接地层1414通过金属化过孔1411进行连接，这两个接地层分布在介质板的两侧并且通过金属化过孔1411进行连接。换句话说，该双极化辐射单元100的馈电网络采用接地共面波导(Coplanar Waveguide with Ground：CPWG)的方式，即所述馈电网络140采用CPWG馈电方式为所述两个偶极子进行馈电。以这样的方式能够提高依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元100的馈电效果。
此外，如图2A和图2B所示，两个输出端口产生±180°的电流并且分别与同一个极化的两个由闭合环形线结构形成的辐射臂耦合连接，两块馈电板相互垂直放置，例如插接在一起。每块馈电板上添加金属化过孔1411以提高两块馈电板输入端口之间的隔离度和提高每块馈电板电流分布的平衡性。概括地讲，所述馈电板141和另一块未示出的馈电板上均被构造有金属化过孔1411。以这样的方式能够提高依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元100的两块馈电板输入端口之间的隔离度和提高每块馈电板电流分布的平衡性。
图3A示出了依据本公开内容的一个实施例的天线300的一个视角的立体视图，图3B示出了依据本公开内容的图3A的实施例的天线300的另一个视角的立体视图，而图3C示出了依据本公开内容的图3A实施例的天线300的侧视图。如图3A、图3B和图3C所示，依据本公开内容的第二方面 提出了一种天线，所述天线包括：至少一个根据本公开内容的第一方面所提出的双极化辐射单元100、馈电网络140以及辐射单元匹配电路150。借助于该辐射单元匹配电路150能够为根据本公开内容的第一方面所提出的双极化辐射单元100提供辐射信号，从而使得包括根据本公开内容的第一方面所提出的双极化辐射单元100的天线正常工作。
再者，本公开内容的第三方面提出了一种天线系统，所述天线系统包括：根据本公开内容的第二方面所提出的天线；以及至少一个第二天线，其中，所述至少一个第二天线的工作频率比所述天线的工作频率更高。
综上所述，依据本公开内容所公开的双极化辐射单元采用闭合环形线结构来形成两个偶极子的辐射臂，从而能够借助于闭合环形线结构的高阻抗特性来减小不同的高低频天线之间的相互干扰。
尽管已经描述了本公开内容的不同示例性的实施例，但对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是，能够进行不同的改变和修改，其能够在并未背离本公开内容的精神和范畴的情况下实现本公开内容的优点中的一个或一些优点。对于那些在本领域技术中相当熟练的技术人员来说，执行相同功能的其他部件可以适当地被替换。应当了解，在此参考特定的附图解释的特征可以与其他附图的特征组合，即使是在那些没有明确提及此的情况中。此外，可以或者在所有使用恰当的处理器指令的软件实现方式中或者在利用硬件逻辑和软件逻辑组合来获得同样结果的混合实现方式中实现本公开内容的方法。这样的对根据本公开内容的方案的修改旨在被所附权利要求所覆盖。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种双极化辐射单元，其特征在于，所述双极化辐射单元包括：
    两个偶极子，其中，所述两个偶极子的四个辐射臂为闭合环形线结构并且关于两条相互垂直的线轴对称，其中，所述两条相互垂直的线轴将所述辐射单元均分为四个区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的双极化辐射单元，其特征在于，所述闭合环形线结构在至少一个拐角处进行弧形倒角处理。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的双极化辐射单元，其特征在于，所述闭合环形线结构在除了中心处的拐角之外的三个拐角处均进行弧形倒角处理。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的双极化辐射单元，其特征在于，所述双极化辐射单元还包括：
    介质基体，所述介质基体被构造用于为所述两个偶极子提供支撑。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的双极化辐射单元，其特征在于，所述介质基体在不与所述闭合环形线结构接触的部分进行挖空处理。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的双极化辐射单元，其特征在于，所述双极化辐射单元的所述闭合环形线结构的宽度在0.4毫米至1.2毫米之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的双极化辐射单元，其特征在于，双极化辐射单元还包括：
    馈电网络，所述馈电网络包括两块相对垂直的馈电板，其中，每块馈电板分别被构造用于为相对应的偶极子馈电。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的双极化辐射单元，其特征在于，所述馈电板上被构造有金属化过孔，所述馈电板的两侧分别构造有接地层并且两侧的接地层通过所述金属化过孔进行连接。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的双极化辐射单元，其特征在于，所述馈电板上还构造有信号层，所述信号层被构造在一侧的接地层中间，以为所述两个偶极子馈电。
  10. 一种天线，其特征在于，所述天线包括：
    至少一个根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的双极化辐射单元；以及
    辐射单元匹配电路。
  11. 一种天线系统，其特征在于，所述天线系统包括：
    根据权利要求10所述的天线；以及
    至少一个第二天线，其中，所述至少一个第二天线的工作频率比所述天线的工作频率更高。
PCT/CN2023/083984 2022-05-16 2023-03-27 一种双极化辐射单元、一种天线以及一种天线系统 WO2023221651A1 (zh)

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