WO2023221180A1 - 一种多功能医用转运床 - Google Patents

一种多功能医用转运床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023221180A1
WO2023221180A1 PCT/CN2022/096509 CN2022096509W WO2023221180A1 WO 2023221180 A1 WO2023221180 A1 WO 2023221180A1 CN 2022096509 W CN2022096509 W CN 2022096509W WO 2023221180 A1 WO2023221180 A1 WO 2023221180A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bed
medical transfer
transfer bed
lifting
isolation
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PCT/CN2022/096509
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高屹青
张世俊
余宵辉
丛建明
Original Assignee
强固生物技术(上海)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority claimed from CN202210596538.8A external-priority patent/CN114848310A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210596668.1A external-priority patent/CN115089752A/zh
Application filed by 强固生物技术(上海)有限公司 filed Critical 强固生物技术(上海)有限公司
Publication of WO2023221180A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023221180A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
    • A61G1/02—Stretchers with wheels

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of medical equipment, and in particular to a multifunctional medical transfer bed.
  • COVID-19 Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for isolation of COVID-19 patients during transport has increased significantly within various medical systems. Although COVID-19 has been classified as a Class B infectious disease by the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases", it still requires According to the management of Class A infectious diseases, the isolation requirements for transport equipment are greatly increased. At the same time, within the medical system, especially within large comprehensive hospitals, there are many patients with low immunity, such as burn patients, blood disease patients, tracheal bone marrow transplant patients, cancer chemotherapy patients, etc., who need to be treated under various complex circumstances. Transport, for example, immediately after surgery, you need to transport from the operating room to the ward.
  • the transfer beds in the existing technology either do not have any isolation device and are only suitable for the transfer of ordinary patients, or the isolation device cannot effectively block the nosocomial infection route.
  • some measures have been carried out for infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Physical partition management, but the Omicron virus is highly contagious, so patients with low immunity will enter various passages, elevators, etc. during the transfer process, and the risk of infection is high.
  • the ECG monitor is a precision medical instrument that can simultaneously monitor the patient's dynamic ECG pattern, respiration, body temperature, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, pulse rate and other physiological parameters, and can compare it with known set values. Alarms can be issued if standards are exceeded.
  • ECG monitoring is a means of monitoring the electrical activity of the heart. Ordinary ECG can only simply observe and record the short-term electrical activity of the heart at that time.
  • ECG monitoring is a non-invasive monitoring method that continuously observes and monitors the heart's electrical activity through a display screen. It can observe the condition in a timely manner, provide reliable and valuable ECG activity indicators, and guide real-time processing. Therefore, for patients with ECG It has important value in patients with abnormal activities, such as acute myocardial infarction, various arrhythmias, etc.
  • the ECG monitor needs to be placed next to the patient when in use, usually on a dedicated ECG monitoring cart.
  • ordinary ECG monitoring carts are equipped with wheels and are easy to move, there are many connecting lines on the ECG monitor.
  • the length of the connecting cable is not enough, and on the other hand, the connecting cable is easily pulled and damaged during the transfer, causing great safety risks to the patient.
  • the patient is usually transported with an ECG monitor.
  • the currently commonly used method of transporting an ECG monitor is to place the ECG monitor directly next to the patient's pillow or even on the patient's body for transport.
  • This kind of transfer method usually causes problems: the bed surface is uneven, and the ECG monitor is unstable; because the ECG monitor cannot be fixed, the ECG monitor often falls over when the transfer is rapid, which not only causes injury to the patient. Or the risk of infection, and it may also accidentally trigger an unwanted function on the instrument, affecting the normal ECG monitoring process.
  • technicians in this field are committed to developing a multi-functional medical transfer bed that can block the virus transmission path, ensure efficient isolation effect, and convert the isolation transfer bed into ordinary hospital beds, bringing economic benefits to the operation and management of medical institutions. sex and convenience.
  • Those skilled in the field are also committed to developing an auxiliary device for getting in and out of medical transfer beds, which can reduce the dependence on nurses as much as possible during the transfer process and solve the "last mile" problem of medical transfer.
  • the technical problems to be solved by the present invention include how to ensure efficient isolation effect, how to realize the use state conversion between the transfer bed and the ordinary hospital bed, and how to integrate the electrocardiogram monitor into the transfer bed to ensure The ECG monitor is safe, reliable and convenient to store during transport. How to design an auxiliary device for getting in and out of bed suitable for medical transfer beds to help patients get in and out of bed by themselves or with only a caregiver.
  • the present invention provides a multifunctional medical negative pressure transfer bed, which includes a bed body, an isolation cover and a chassis.
  • the bed body and the isolation cover are combined to form an isolation cabin.
  • the bed body and the isolation cover are combined to form an isolation cabin.
  • a first lifting device is arranged between the covers, and the first lifting device is used to lift the isolation cover.
  • the first lifting device includes four lifting rods, and the four lifting rods are located at four corners of the bed.
  • the isolation cover includes a first vault and a second vault.
  • the first vault is made of transparent material and is close to the head part of the bed; the second vault includes an inner layer and an outer layer. .
  • a first gyroscope is provided between the inner layer and the outer layer of the second vault, and the first gyroscope is used to sense the movement of the first lifting device during the lifting process. Whether the change in the inclination angle of the isolation cover exceeds a preset value.
  • a second lifting device is disposed between the bed and the chassis, and the second lifting device includes four lifting rods.
  • a second gyroscope is provided in the bed body, and the second gyroscope is used to sense whether the change in the inclination angle of the bed body exceeds a preset value during the lifting of the second lifting device.
  • the absolute stroke of the lifting rod with the smallest absolute stroke among the four lifting rods is reset to the other.
  • the transfer bed further includes a plasma sterilization device, which is installed on the lower surface of the bed.
  • the air outlet of the plasma sterilization device is connected to the chassis through a square organ pipe.
  • the air inlet of the sterilization device is connected to the isolation cabin through a spring tube.
  • the spring tube is configured to heat or cool air flowing through it.
  • the bed body and the isolation cover are connected through hinges.
  • the invention also provides a multifunctional medical transfer bed, which includes a bed body, an isolation cover and a chassis.
  • the upper surface of the bed body and the isolation cover form an isolation cabin.
  • the isolation cover includes a first vault and a second Vault, the first vault is made of transparent material, the second vault includes an inner layer and an outer layer; a plasma sterilization device is installed on the lower surface of the bed, and the plasma sterilization device is connected through a spring tube In the isolation cabin, the spring tube is connected between the inner layer and the outer layer, and the inner layer has a densely arranged array of air holes.
  • a frame is further included between the bed and the isolation cover, the frame is hingedly connected to the isolation cover at the rear side of the bed, and the isolation cover rotates along the axis where the hinge is located.
  • the shape of the frame is the same as that of the bed and the isolation cover.
  • a first lifting device is provided between the frame and the bed.
  • the lifting device includes four lifting rods. , the four lifting rods are used to adjust the distance between the frame and the bed.
  • a second lifting device is provided between the bed and the chassis.
  • the second lifting device includes four lifting rods, and the four lifting rods are used to adjust the bed and the chassis. The distance between the chassis.
  • the transfer bed also includes an electrocardiogram monitor, which is configured inside the bed.
  • the main body of the electrocardiogram monitor is configured in a drawer, and sensors and wires pass through the bed. Holes in the body are connected to the lying patient.
  • the electrocardiogram monitor further includes a secondary screen, the secondary screen is provided on the outer surface of the second vault, and the secondary screen is configured to open when the drawer where the electrocardiogram monitor is located is opened. When closed, the operation interface and data of the ECG monitor are displayed.
  • a first gyroscope is provided between the inner layer and the outer layer of the second vault, and the first gyroscope is used to monitor the movement of the isolation cover during the lifting of the first lifting device. Whether the tilt angle exceeds the first preset value.
  • the absolute stroke of the lifting rod with the most backward stroke is adjusted.
  • the stroke is reset to the average of the absolute strokes of the remaining three jacking rods.
  • a second gyroscope is provided between the bed and the chassis, and the second gyroscope is configured to sense the level of the bed relative to the chassis.
  • first lifting device and the second lifting device are configured to have an anti-pinch function
  • the anti-pinch function is configured to be implemented by an infrared sensor or a capacitive sensor.
  • the invention also provides a plasma sterilization device, which includes an air inlet, a primary filter, a fan, a plasma generator, a high-efficiency filter and an air outlet.
  • a plasma sterilization device which includes an air inlet, a primary filter, a fan, a plasma generator, a high-efficiency filter and an air outlet.
  • the air flow sequence is air inlet, primary filter, fan, plasma disinfection unit, activated carbon, high efficiency filter and air outlet;
  • the plasma disinfection device for medical transfer bed works in negative pressure isolation mode, the air flow sequence is Air inlet, high efficiency filter, fan, plasma disinfection unit, activated carbon, primary filter and air outlet.
  • the air outlet is connected to a plurality of spring tubes, and the spring tubes are used to support the pressure difference inside and outside the spring tubes.
  • the primary filter includes activated carbon.
  • the spring tube is also used to heat or cool the air flowing through the tube.
  • the plasma sterilization unit includes a discharge needle and a plasma generator.
  • the discharge needle is placed at a central position inside the plasma generator. The distance between the discharge endpoint of the discharge needle and any point on the edge of the plasma generator is the same; the discharge needle is configured to be high. Potential, the plasma generator is configured as low potential.
  • pressure difference sensors are provided on both sides of the high-efficiency filter.
  • the present invention also provides a medical transfer bed, which includes the plasma sterilization device as described above.
  • the medical transfer bed also includes a bed body, a shielding cabin and a chassis.
  • a lifting mechanism is provided between the chassis and the bed body. The lifting mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the bed and the chassis.
  • the plasma sterilization device is fixedly arranged under the bed, and the air inlet of the plasma sterilization device is parallel to the ground.
  • the invention also provides a conversion method from positive pressure isolation to negative pressure isolation for a medical transfer bed, which includes the following steps:
  • the invention also provides a conversion method from negative pressure isolation to positive pressure isolation for a medical transfer bed, which includes the following steps:
  • the invention also provides a bidirectional conversion method for positive and negative pressure isolation of a medical transfer bed, which includes the following steps:
  • the invention also provides a plasma disinfection device, which includes an air inlet, a primary filter, a fan, a plasma generator, a high-efficiency filter, and an air outlet.
  • the primary filter includes activated carbon.
  • the high-efficiency filter, the fan, the plasma generator, the high-efficiency filter and the air outlet are connected in sequence, or the air inlet, the high-efficiency filter, the fan, the plasma generator,
  • the primary filter and the air outlet are connected in sequence, pressure difference sensors are provided on both sides of the high-efficiency filter, and the fan is a bidirectional fan.
  • the plasma sterilization unit includes a discharge needle and a plasma generator.
  • the discharge needle is placed at a central position inside the plasma generator. The distance between the discharge endpoint of the discharge needle and any point on the edge of the plasma generator is the same; the discharge needle is configured to be high. Potential, the plasma generator is configured as low potential.
  • the human-machine interface being a touch screen, and the touch screen is used to display the working conditions of the plasma disinfection device and accept work instructions.
  • a high-voltage module is included, which is used for the plasma generator to generate high voltage.
  • the air flow sequence is the air inlet, primary filter, fan, plasma generator, high efficiency filter and air outlet.
  • the air flow sequence is the air inlet, high-efficiency filter, fan, plasma generator, activated carbon, primary filter and air outlet.
  • the present invention also provides a medical transfer bed, which includes the plasma sterilization device as described above.
  • the medical transfer bed also includes a bed body, a shielding cabin and a chassis.
  • a lifting mechanism is provided between the chassis and the bed body. The lifting mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the bed and the chassis, and the plasma sterilization device is fixedly installed under the bed.
  • the air inlet of the plasma sterilization device is parallel to the ground.
  • the air outlet of the plasma sterilization device is connected to a plurality of spring tubes.
  • the spring tubes are used to support the pressure difference inside and outside the spring tubes.
  • the spring tubes are also used to heat or cool the air flowing through the tubes.
  • the air outlet of the plasma sterilization device adopts a slope design.
  • the direction changes by 90°, and the airway changes from a square to a circle.
  • the invention provides an electrocardiogram monitoring device for a medical transfer bed, which includes a main board, a power board, a main screen, a sensor module, a key module and a record storage module, wherein the power board, the main screen, the sensor module, the The key module and the record storage module are respectively connected to the main board.
  • the ECG monitoring device for medical transfer beds also includes a drawer-shaped shell and a metal support frame.
  • the metal support frame is located inside the drawer-shaped shell.
  • the internal space of the drawer-shaped casing is divided into two parts: the left and right parts.
  • the left part of the drawer-shaped casing is set as a cable storage tank; the right part is further divided into three layers: upper right, middle right and lower right.
  • the upper right layer is used for storage.
  • the middle right layer is used to install the power board
  • the lower right layer is used to install the mainboard.
  • One or more cable holes are provided between each internal subspace divided by the metal support frame, and the remaining parts For closed.
  • the electrocardiogram monitoring device further includes a handle, the handle is provided on the outside of the drawer-shaped housing, and the wrench is built-in.
  • the electrocardiogram monitoring device further includes a fan and an internal battery, and the internal battery and the fan are connected to the power board.
  • the electrocardiogram monitoring device further includes an alarm unit, a speaker and an indicator light, and the alarm unit, the speaker and the indicator light are respectively connected to the button module.
  • the recording storage module includes a USB interface and/or an SD card slot.
  • the sensor module includes a blood pressure sensor, a blood oxygen sensor, an electrocardiogram sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor and a body temperature sensor, as well as corresponding sets of cables.
  • the cables are used to connect the corresponding sensors and the main board. sensor interface board.
  • a spring button is provided outside the side of the drawer-shaped housing away from the handle.
  • the present invention also provides a medical transfer bed, which includes the electrocardiogram monitoring device as described above.
  • the transfer bed also includes a secondary screen.
  • the secondary screen is arranged outside the opaque dome of the shielding cover.
  • the secondary screen passes through wires.
  • the cable is connected to the motherboard.
  • the electrocardiogram monitoring device further includes a power supply and signal interface.
  • the power supply and signal interface are provided on the outside of the side of the drawer-shaped housing away from the handle.
  • the power interface is connected to the chassis of the transfer bed. connected to the power controller.
  • the present invention also provides a method for using a medical transfer bed, which provides any of the above medical transfer beds and further includes the following steps:
  • the invention provides a medical transfer bed with an auxiliary device for getting in and out of bed, including a chassis 1, a bed body 2, a shielding cover 3, a lifting motor unit 4, a telescopic motor unit 5, a suspension cable group 6, a mattress 7, and a backboard 8 and a control button group 9, wherein the lifting motor set 4 includes a first lifting motor 41, a second lifting motor 42, a third lifting motor 43 and a fourth lifting motor 44; the telescopic motor set 5 includes a first telescopic motor 51 and a second telescopic motor 52; the suspension cable group 6 includes a first suspension cable 61, a second suspension cable 62, a third suspension cable 63 and a fourth suspension cable 64; the first telescopic motor 51 is fixedly installed on the On the inner frame of the shielding cover 3 near the end of the bed, the second telescopic motor 52 is fixedly installed on the inner frame of the shielding cover 3 near the head of the bed, respectively on the first telescopic motor 51 and the The rotating motor is fixed
  • the back plate 8 is provided at the part of the bed 2 near the head of the bed.
  • One side of the back plate 8 is provided with a rotating shaft 81, and the other side is driven by a set of lifting motors to surround the back plate 8.
  • the rotating shaft 81 rotates.
  • control button group 9 includes six buttons: up, down, extend, retract, sit up and emergency stop.
  • suspension cable group 6 is made of one of steel cables, iron chains or nylon ropes.
  • the material of the mattress 7 is one of textile cotton or animal fur or a nylon plate integrally formed with the suspension cable group 6 .
  • a metallic mesh reinforcement is provided inside the nylon plate.
  • control unit of the telescopic motor unit 5 is arranged inside the bed 2, and the control unit can obtain the absolute strokes of the first telescopic motor 51 and the second telescopic motor 52 respectively.
  • the control unit finds that the difference between the two absolute strokes exceeds the preset value, the control unit will immediately stop the current actions of the first telescopic motor 51 and the second telescopic motor 52 and reset the slower telescopic one.
  • the absolute stroke of the motor is the same as the faster one, and then the first telescopic motor 51 and the second telescopic motor 52 are restarted and continue to operate.
  • the second control unit of the rotating motor is arranged inside the bed 2, and the second control unit can obtain the first suspension cable 61, the second suspension cable 62, and the third suspension cable 63 respectively. and the absolute stroke of the fourth suspension cable 64.
  • the second control unit finds that the absolute stroke of a certain suspension cable exceeds or lags behind the average of the absolute strokes of the other three suspension cables, the second control unit will stop immediately.
  • the current action of the rotating motor resets the absolute stroke of the fastest or slowest suspension cable to the average of the absolute strokes of the remaining three suspension cables, and then restarts the rotating motor.
  • the invention also provides an auxiliary method for getting out of bed for a medical transfer bed, which includes the following steps:
  • the patient lies supine on the bed 2 and operates the sit-up button in the control button group 9; the lifting motor unit 820 gradually rotates the back plate 8 around the rotation axis 81, so that The patient's upper body was gradually lifted;
  • the invention also provides an auxiliary method for getting into bed for a medical transfer bed, which includes the following steps:
  • the air pressure inside the isolation cabin in the negative pressure transfer mode, is less than the outside atmospheric pressure, which can effectively block the spread of germs and microorganisms inside the isolation cabin to the outside of the isolation cabin through the air; in the positive pressure transfer mode Down, the air pressure inside the isolation cabin is greater than the outside air pressure, which can effectively block the spread of germs and microorganisms outside the isolation cabin to the inside of the isolation cabin through the air; the multifunctional medical transfer bed of the present invention can also be isolated from the positive and negative pressure modes when needed. Convert to a general hospital bed model to improve the shortage of beds in medical institutions.
  • the plasma disinfection device for medical transfer beds of the present invention can realize the conversion from positive pressure isolation to negative pressure isolation, or from negative pressure isolation to positive pressure isolation, and the corresponding sterilization and sterilization work after the conversion.
  • the medical transfer bed of the present invention has the function of assisting patients to get out of bed, which greatly reduces the intensity of care for patients who have lost mobility.
  • the entire process of assisting getting in and out of bed can be operated by a single person, and at the same time, it also improves the comfort of the patient himself. of comfort, killing two birds with one stone.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic oblique front view of the positive and negative pressure isolation mode of the multifunctional medical transfer bed according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the oblique side and back of the multifunctional medical transfer bed in positive and negative pressure isolation mode according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of the open state of the isolation cover in the positive and negative pressure isolation mode of the multifunctional medical transfer bed according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram of the open state of the isolation cover in the positive and negative pressure isolation mode of the multifunctional medical transfer bed according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic oblique side front view of the ordinary hospital bed mode of the multifunctional medical transfer bed according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the oblique side and back of the multifunctional medical transfer bed in ordinary hospital bed mode according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a partial enlarged view of the air holes on the inner side of the multifunctional medical transfer bed isolation cover according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the plasma sterilization device for medical transfer beds according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is one of the internal structural schematic diagrams of the plasma sterilization device for medical transfer beds according to the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is the second schematic diagram of the internal structure of the plasma sterilization device for medical transfer beds according to the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is the third schematic diagram of the internal structure of the plasma sterilization device for medical transfer beds according to the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the positive pressure isolation structure of the plasma sterilization device for medical transfer beds according to the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the negative pressure isolation structure of the plasma disinfection device for medical transfer beds according to the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a front perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view of the rear appearance of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a perspective view of the internal components of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is an overall perspective view of the transfer bed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a circuit functional block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is an extended schematic diagram of the auxiliary device for getting in and out of bed for medical transfer beds according to the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the storage of the auxiliary device for getting in and out of bed for the medical transfer bed according to the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the lowering auxiliary device for getting in and out of the medical transfer bed according to the present invention.
  • the multifunctional medical negative pressure transfer bed includes a bed body, a chassis and an isolation cover.
  • the bed body has a rounded rectangular shape when viewed from above, and the six sides of the bed body are respectively the patient's lying surface. (above the bed), equipment surface (below the bed), operating surface (front side of the bed), armrest surface (left and right sides of the bed, the left side is the foot of the bed, and the right side is the head of the bed) and the rear side , wherein the patient lying surface of the bed is sealed with the isolation cover to form an isolation cabin.
  • the isolation cover is composed of arc-shaped vaults at both ends.
  • the vault near the head of the bed is transparent and the material is tempered glass or plexiglass (transparent acrylic).
  • the vault near the end of the bed is opaque and the material is ABS. , PE, PP, PVC and other plastic materials.
  • a display screen is provided on the outer surface of the vault near the end of the bed. The display screen (secondary screen) is used to display the operation interface image and data of the bed-mounted electrocardiogram monitor.
  • a double-layer structure is provided on the inner side of the vault near the end of the bed, in which an array of pores is provided on the inner side, with an inner diameter of about 1-2 mm. Through these array pores (a partial enlargement of the pores is shown in Figure 7 ) Extracts contaminated air from the outside of the isolation cabin.
  • the polluted air in the isolation cabin is sucked in from the array of air holes on the inner side of the vault, passes through multiple spring tubes, and enters the plasma sterilization device installed on the bed equipment surface for sterilization. Exhaust from the chassis exhaust port.
  • the plasma sterilization device installed on the bed equipment surface can also be used to sterilize polluted air from outside the transfer bed.
  • the output clean air is transported to the double-layer structure through multiple spring tubes and enters through the air holes on the inner side of the isolation cover. Isolation cabin.
  • the chassis is connected to the equipment surface of the bed.
  • the equipment on the upper part of the chassis includes the overall DC power supply (battery) and the bed lifting device.
  • the bed lifting device includes four motor-driven lifting rods. The four lifting rods are located between the bed and the chassis. They are relatively close to the inside of the center, and the relative positions are rectangular. When the lifting device is working, the height of the bed itself can be adjusted smoothly to facilitate patients of different heights to get out of bed.
  • the overall shape of the chassis is an X shape embedded in a rounded rectangle.
  • the four lower end points of the chassis are equipped with four universal wheels with braking functions.
  • There is a fence wrapped in an the bed body can be raised or lowered to any height to ensure the closure of the fence and a certain degree of air tightness.
  • the drawer can be opened and multiple sensors can be connected to the patient.
  • the connecting lines of the sensors are connected to the bed through the drawer and the patient is lying on the bed.
  • the through hole on the surface is connected to the patient, so when the transfer bed needs to be moved, the drawer can be temporarily closed without affecting the normal operation of the ECG monitoring device.
  • the display content of the main screen of the ECG monitoring device is switched to the isolation cover. On the display screen (secondary screen) at the end of the bed.
  • This display screen displays the working status of the transfer bed itself, including the temperature and humidity of the isolation cabin, air pressure, the pressure difference between the two ports of the plasma sterilization device, and the accumulated working time.
  • the X-shaped part of the chassis near the head or foot of the bed is equipped with an oxygen bottle, and the oxygen pipeline enters the isolation cabin through the bed equipment surface and the patient lying surface.
  • the movable parts include a lifting plate and a motor-driven telescopic rod. When the telescopic rod is fully retracted, the lifting plate is embedded in the patient's lying surface. When the telescopic rod When fully extended, the lifting board can be lifted up so that the lifting board and the patient's lying surface form an angle of 30° to 60°.
  • the function of this movable part is to assist the patient to lift his upper body or sit up.
  • the patient lying surface of the bed is sealed with the isolation cover to form an isolation cabin.
  • the connection between the isolation cover and the bed is provided with a A frame with the same shape, on the rear side of the bed, the isolation cover and the frame are connected by hinges.
  • the sealing between the frame and the bed body and the frame and the isolation cover is achieved by inflated rubber strips.
  • the isolation cover frame As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, four lifting rods are provided between the isolation cover frame and the patient lying surface of the bed.
  • the four lifting rods can simultaneously raise the frame together with the isolation cover.
  • the transfer bed Switch from positive and negative pressure isolation mode to ordinary hospital bed mode.
  • ordinary hospital bed mode the plasma sterilization device and the display on the isolation cover are prohibited from being turned on.
  • the frame and isolation cover need to be lifted to a certain height through four lifting rods, about 80 to 100 cm. Due to the rise or rise of the four lifting rods or The descending speed cannot be exactly the same, so the frame and isolation cover will deform to a certain extent when rising or falling. If the degree of deformation is large, the frame and isolation cover will be damaged. Similarly, the same problem will occur when the four lifting rods located between the chassis and the bed move the bed up and down. Therefore, in this embodiment, gyroscopes are respectively provided inside the bed and between the inner and outer layers of the opaque dome of the isolation cover.
  • the gyroscope can detect the inclination of the isolation cover and the bed relative to the initial state. If the inclination is greater than the preset value (for example, at 5°), the four lifting rods stop moving. Use the absolute stroke of the lifting rod to determine which rod among the four lifting rods lags behind the other three. Then reset the absolute stroke of this rod to The average of the absolute strokes of the other three rods is used to correct the deformation of the isolation cover or bed body, and then the action of the four lifting rods is continued. If the tilt exceeding the threshold occurs again, the above steps are repeated.
  • the preset value For example, at 5°
  • the temperature sensor is installed on the bed where the patient lies.
  • the temperature sensor is linked to the temperature control unit of the plasma sterilization device, which can change the temperature of the air input into the isolation cabin;
  • the spring tube connected to the plasma sterilization device is configured to heat or cool the air passing through its pipe, and the spring The spring of metal material in the tube can act as a heating wire or a cooling wire.
  • the humidity sensor is linked with the dehumidification device installed on the chassis, which can stabilize the humidity change of the air input into the isolation cabin within the preset value (such as 5%); the air pressure sensor is installed on the inside of the double-layer vault of the isolation cover, and the air pressure sensor Linked with the fan of the plasma sterilization device, the air pressure change in the isolation cabin can be stabilized within the preset value (such as 5 ⁇ 10Pa); the air quality sensor is set at the head of the bed where the patient lies, and the air quality sensor and The fan linkage of the plasma sterilization device can stabilize the change in the number of particles in the air of the isolation cabin within a preset value (such as 10).
  • a preset value such as 10
  • a vertical curtain is set between the bed, the raised frame and the isolation cover.
  • the upper and lower edges of the vertical curtain are equipped with Magnetized ferromagnetic objects, the ferromagnetic objects are in the form of strips and can fit the bed, frame and isolation cover to the greatest extent.
  • Multiple circular suction cup electromagnetic locks are installed inside the bed and frame.
  • the electromagnetic lock contains cylindrical iron and copper coils.
  • the copper coil is placed between the cylindrical iron core and the shell. When direct current is passed through the coil, a magnetic field is generated around the coil. , the iron core is magnetized inside the magnetic field generated by the coil.
  • the electromagnetic lock can also be a mechanical spring switch driven by electromagnetic force. When the curtain needs to be hung, it only needs to overcome the mechanical force of the spring. When the curtain needs to be removed, the electromagnetic lock accepts Just command the lock tongue to open.
  • Sensors are provided on the contact surface between the isolation cover and the frame and between the frame and the bed.
  • the sensor can be an infrared sensor or a capacitive sensor, which can detect limbs or torso with exposed skin.
  • the detection value of the sensor is greater than the set value
  • the threshold it can be judged that a "clamping" situation has occurred, and the lifting mechanism needs to stop immediately or make a small amount of reverse movement.
  • a movable mechanical structure is provided on the contact surface between the isolation cover and the frame and between the frame and the bed.
  • This mechanical structure is driven by a spring, that is, when a "pinch” situation occurs , the force exerted on the mechanical structure causes the deformation of the spring, and triggers the electronic contact connected to the mechanical structure, thereby determining the occurrence of "clamping".
  • it can also be determined whether the device is clamped by observing the abnormal current of the lifting rod of the lifting mechanism (which indicates limited movement) or by observing the deflection angle indicated by the gyroscope.
  • the plasma sterilization device for medical transfer beds described in this embodiment includes an air outlet, a primary filter (including activated carbon), a fan, a plasma generator, and a high-efficiency filter. , as well as a high-voltage module connected to the plasma generator, a differential pressure sensor and a human-machine interface module connected to the high-efficiency filter.
  • the high-voltage module is used to generate high voltage in the plasma state
  • the differential pressure sensor is used to detect both sides of the high-efficiency filter.
  • the air pressure difference, the human-machine interface module is a touch screen, used to display the working status of the device described in this embodiment and accept user instructions.
  • the plasma sterilization device for medical transfer beds described in this embodiment works in the positive pressure isolation mode
  • the airflow passes through the air inlet and first passes through the primary filter (including Activated carbon), then passes through the fan blades, is sterilized by the plasma generator, and finally passes through the high-efficiency filter.
  • the clean air flow enters the isolation cabin or shielding cabin of the transfer bed from the air outlet.
  • the preferred disinfection method includes spraying disinfectant, such as hydrogen peroxide or hypochlorous acid solution.
  • the entire medical transfer bed can be separated from the transfer bed using a plasma sterilization device. , and then reconnect to the transfer bed after the overall reversal.
  • the advantage of this is that the direction of rotation of the fan blades does not need to be reversed, and the workload of overall disassembly and assembly is far less than that of swapping the primary filter and the high-efficiency filter.
  • gas pressure sensors are installed on both sides of the high-efficiency filter.
  • the pressure difference on both sides of the high-efficiency filter exceeds the preset value, it can be judged that the high-efficiency filter has failed and must be Perform maintenance and replacement.
  • the plasma sterilization unit includes a discharge needle and a plasma generator.
  • the discharge needle is placed at the center of the plasma generator.
  • the distance between the discharge endpoint of the discharge needle and any point on the edge of the plasma generator is the same; the discharge needle is configured as High potential, the plasma generator is configured as low potential.
  • the end point of the discharge needle emits high-voltage electricity, which ionizes the air in the plasma generating tube and generates plasma.
  • the plasma has high lethality to germs and microorganisms in the surrounding air.
  • the air outlet of the plasma sterilization device for medical transfer beds described in this embodiment also includes multiple spring tubes connected to the shielding cabin of the transfer bed.
  • the springs in the spring tubes can not only withstand/resist the air pressure difference inside and outside the tubes, but also act as heat
  • the conductive medium can heat or cool the air in the tube by heating or cooling the spring. This can stably control the temperature change of the air entering the shielded cabin of the transfer bed and improve the comfort of patients living in the shielded cabin.
  • the air outlet of the plasma sterilization device for medical transfer beds described in this embodiment adopts a slope design.
  • the shape of the airway changes from square to round, and the direction changes to 90°, using
  • the shape and direction changes of the inclined plane connection transition airway greatly reduce the noise when the plasma disinfection device is working, especially when the fan air volume is large.
  • the air inlet of the plasma disinfection device for medical transfer beds described in this embodiment adopts a steering design, which is changed from perpendicular to the ground to parallel to the ground. This can avoid particles scattered on the ground and viruses and microorganisms adhering to these particles. Enter the air inlet.
  • the plasma sterilization device for the medical transfer bed described in this embodiment is integrally fixed on the bed and can rise as the bed rises. When the bed is raised, the air inlet will be further away from the ground, improving the effect of preventing inhalation of foreign matter.
  • the steering design and elevated design can also improve the air flow direction of the air outlet to avoid dust.
  • the ECG monitoring device for medical transfer beds in this embodiment includes a drawer-shaped casing, a support frame, a main screen, buttons, a power board, a main board, and sensor connection cables. and a power and signal interface, wherein the ECG monitoring device is integrally installed inside the body of the medical transfer bed near the head of the bed, and the drawer-shaped shell has one or more handles, and the handles are built-in.
  • the drawer-shaped shell has one or more handles, and the handles are built-in.
  • you need to use it next to the transfer bed you can hold the handle and pull out the drawer-shaped casing to expose the main screen and sensor connection cables.
  • the sensor connection cables are stored in a dedicated storage tank.
  • the storage slot and the main screen are arranged side by side inside the drawer-shaped casing.
  • buttons are located below the main screen near the handle.
  • the buttons include a power switch key and other function menu keys (not shown in the figure).
  • the main screen is a color LCD display with a resolution of 1024X768 or 1280X1024, and comes with a 10-point capacitive touch screen, and the touch functions and buttons can be used together.
  • the support frame roughly divides the internal space of the drawer-shaped casing into four parts: left, upper, middle and lower parts.
  • the left half of the support frame and the left half of the drawer-shaped casing are composed together.
  • the storage tank for the sensor connection cable The lower part of the storage tank is equipped with a connection interface for the sensor cable and the motherboard.
  • the connection interface includes two blood pressure interfaces, a blood oxygen interface, a heartbeat/pulse sensor interface, and a respiratory sensor (carbon dioxide ) interface and a body temperature sensor interface. These interfaces are connected to corresponding cables and sensors.
  • the cables and sensors pass through the first hole (not shown in the figure) at the bottom of the cable storage tank, and then pass through the second hole on the bed board inside the bed ( (not shown in the figure) reaches the patient.
  • the drawer-shaped shell can be pushed into the bed body of the transfer bed, and the ECG monitoring device is still in working condition after being pushed in.
  • the secondary screen is a color LCD display with a resolution of 800X600. It does not have touch function and the secondary screen is only used for display.
  • the secondary screen is set outside the opaque dome of the shielding cover.
  • the right half of the metal support frame is divided into three layers: upper, middle and lower.
  • the upper right layer is used to accommodate the main screen of the ECG monitoring device, and the middle right layer is used to install the power board and fan of the ECG monitoring device (not shown in the picture) and internal battery (optional, not shown in the figure).
  • the lower right layer is used to install the motherboard of the ECG monitoring device.
  • One or more cable holes are provided between each internal subspace divided by the metal support frame. The remaining parts are closed. This configuration is based on preventing mutual interference between various components inside the ECG monitoring device, and also prevents various electrical interference caused by the outside of the ECG monitoring device (inside the medical structure) to a certain extent.
  • the power interface here is connected to the power controller on the chassis of the transfer bed. When and only when the transfer bed is in a stationary (non-transfer state), The power interface described in this embodiment can also be connected to the power supply outside the transfer bed.
  • the power interface is connected to the motherboard and the internal battery respectively, and can supply power to the motherboard and charge the internal battery.
  • the signal interfaces here include wired network interface, wireless network interface and secondary screen VGA signal interface.
  • the electrical functional block diagram of the ECG monitoring device for medical transfer beds described in this embodiment is shown in Figure 18.
  • the ECG monitoring device includes a main board, a power board, a main screen and a secondary screen, a sensor module, a button module and a record storage module, where, The power board, main screen and secondary screen, sensor module, key module and record storage module are connected to the main board respectively.
  • the internal battery and fan are connected to the power board.
  • the alarm unit, speaker and indicator light are respectively connected to the key module.
  • the record storage module includes USB interface and/or SD card slot.
  • the sensor module includes a blood pressure sensor, blood oxygen sensor, electrocardiogram sensor, respiration (carbon dioxide) sensor and body temperature sensor, as well as corresponding sets of cables. The cables are used to connect the corresponding sensors and the sensor interface board connected to the main board.
  • the ECG monitoring device for medical transfer beds described in this embodiment uses various preset sensors to perform signal detection and preprocessing of physiological parameters.
  • the mainboard converts biomedical signals into electrical signals and processes them in the signal processing system on the mainboard.
  • the electrical signal output by the sensor is preprocessed such as interference suppression, signal filtering and amplification to obtain a secondary processed electrical signal output.
  • the data extraction and processing module is used to sample, quantify, and calculate and analyze each parameter.
  • the results are compared with the set threshold in the alarm device to determine whether the alarm is within a safe monitoring range.
  • the resulting data is recorded in real time through the recording device. Storing to external memory allows medical staff to better see the changes in various parameters of the patient.
  • the data from the signal processing system can also be transmitted to the display device in real time, and the value of each parameter can be displayed in real time on the display device. If there happen to be parameters that need real-time monitoring and control, this can be achieved through the control system on the motherboard.
  • the ECG sensor is used to monitor ECG signals.
  • the ECG signals from large to small are: input buffer, digital-to-analog conversion and lead definition, preamplification, high-pass filtering, analog-to-digital conversion, etc.
  • the weak ECG is collected by the leads. After receiving the signal, the ECG signal is collected through the leads. Thousands of volts of isolated floating power supply and photoelectric isolation are used.
  • the ECG sensor is used alone.
  • the communication adapter circuit transmits the ECG signal to the microprocessor on the motherboard.
  • the microprocessor controls the working status of the ECG module through data instructions. After the ECG data is collected by the sensor, a series of tasks such as ECG display, storage, printing and data management, waveform parameter calculation and analysis, and patient data management are completed.
  • the ECG monitoring device for medical transfer beds described in this embodiment can understand the changes in the human heart during activity and quiet conditions through 7*24 hours of continuous dynamic ECG recording and statistics, and present relevant data in the form of an inspection report. Routine examinations have a higher detection rate of arrhythmias and can detect heart health risks in time.
  • the ECG sensor module of the ECG monitoring device for medical transport beds described in this embodiment uses 12 leads to detect the electrical activity of the heart.
  • a lead refers to a waveform diagram in which the potential difference between two or more body surface parts of the human body changes with the cardiac cycle. Because the heart is three-dimensional, a lead waveform represents the electrical activity of the heart on a projection plane, then The 12 leads will reflect the electrical activity on different projection surfaces of the heart from 12 directions, so that lesions in different parts of the heart can be comprehensively judged.
  • limb electrodes are placed on the wrists and ankles, while electrodes for ECG monitoring are placed on the abdomen.
  • the ECG monitoring device described in this embodiment can monitor the waveforms of 12 leads simultaneously and Display 3-6 of them on the main screen and extract cardiac parameters through waveform analysis, such as extracting ST segments and capturing arrhythmia events.
  • the ECG signal is an extremely weak electrical signal and can easily receive external interference.
  • the passband width of the amplifier in the measurement circuit of the ECG monitoring device described in this embodiment is relatively large, ranging from 0.1Hz to 75Hz, which can ensure that each conductor The connected waveforms show a more subtle structure.
  • the medical transfer bed with an auxiliary device for getting in and out of bed includes a chassis 1, a bed body 2, a shielding cover 3, a lifting motor unit 4, a telescopic motor unit 5, and a suspension cable group. 6.
  • the lifting motor unit 4 includes a first lifting motor 41; a second lifting motor 42; a third lifting motor 43; a fourth lifting motor 44; and a telescopic motor unit 5. It includes a first telescopic motor 51; a second telescopic motor 52; the suspension cable group 6 includes a first suspension cable 61; a second suspension cable 62; a third suspension cable 63; and a fourth suspension cable 64.
  • the chassis 1, the bed body 2 and the shielding cover 3 can form a medical transfer bed with a positive and negative pressure isolation function.
  • an auxiliary function for getting in and out of bed is added, that is, on the inner frame of the shielding cover 3, the head and foot of the bed are
  • a set of telescopic motor units 5 is fixedly installed at the end.
  • the first telescopic motor 51 and the second telescopic motor 52 can respectively extend two cantilevers in the direction of the operating surface of the transfer bed body 2, and a rotating motor is respectively provided in the two cantilevers.
  • the two sides of the two rotating motors are respectively fixedly connected to one end of the first suspension cable 61 and the second suspension cable 62 and the third suspension cable 63 and the fourth suspension cable 64.
  • the first suspension cable 61, The other ends of the second suspension cable 62 , the third suspension cable 63 and the fourth suspension cable 64 are respectively fixedly connected to the four corners of the mattress 7 .
  • the first control unit of the telescopic motor unit 5 is arranged inside the bed 2.
  • the first control unit can obtain the absolute stroke (extension distance) of the first telescopic motor 51 and the second telescopic motor 52 respectively.
  • the first control unit finds that the two When the difference between the two absolute strokes exceeds the preset value (such as 1 cm), the first control unit will immediately stop the current actions of the first telescopic motor 51 and the second telescopic motor 52, and reset the absolute stroke of the slower telescopic motor and the slower one. The faster one is the same, and then restart the first telescopic motor 51 and the second telescopic motor 52 to continue the operation.
  • the absolute stroke range of the first telescopic motor 51 and the second telescopic motor 52 is -1 cm (that is, retracting 1 cm inside the motor body) to 60 cm.
  • the maximum designed load capacity is 100 kilograms, that is, the patient's weight cannot exceed 100 kilograms. .
  • the transfer bed itself weighs more than 500 kilograms. Therefore, when the first telescopic motor 51 and the second telescopic motor 52 extend to the maximum value and the patient's weight does not exceed 100 kilograms, the entire transfer bed will not overturn.
  • the two rotating motors are responsible for scaling the suspension cable group 6 (the first suspension cable 61, the second suspension cable 62, the third suspension cable 63 and the fourth suspension cable 64).
  • the two rotating motors are respectively installed in the two cantilevers, and telescopically Like the motor unit 5, the second control unit located inside the bed 2 can also monitor the working conditions of the two rotating motors. If the lengths of the suspension cables are inconsistent, the second control unit can also make corresponding adjustments.
  • the material of the suspension cable group 6 can be one of steel cables, iron chains or nylon ropes.
  • One end of the first suspension cable 61, the second suspension cable 62, the third suspension cable 63 and the fourth suspension cable 64 is fixed to the rotating motor. Connect, and the other end is connected to the mattress 7.
  • the material of the mattress 7 can be textile cotton or animal fur or a nylon plate integrally formed with the suspension cable group 6, and a metal mesh reinforcement is provided inside the nylon plate.
  • the height of the mattress 7 from the ground can be adjusted according to the extended lengths of the first suspension cable 61, the second suspension cable 62, the third suspension cable 63 and the fourth suspension cable 64, and the adjustment range is approximately 60 cm to 150 cm.
  • a back plate 8 is provided near the head of the bed 2.
  • a rotating shaft 81 is provided on one side of the back plate 8.
  • the back plate 8 can be mounted on the lifting motor unit 82 installed inside the bed 2. With help, it rotates about 60° along the rotation axis 81 to help the patient lift the upper body until he sits up.
  • a control button group 9 is provided on the operating surface of the bed 2 near the head of the bed.
  • the control button group 9 includes six buttons: ascending, descending, extending, contracting, sitting up and emergency stop.
  • the control button group 9 is controlled by a nurse, caregiver or patient's family member. Can be operated by one person alone.
  • the patient lies supine on the bed 2, and the nurse, caregiver or patient's family member operates the sit-up button in the control button group 9; the lifting motor unit 82 gradually rotates the back plate 8 around the rotation axis 81, and the patient The upper body is gradually lifted;
  • the nurse, caregiver or patient's family member operates the up button in the control button group 9.
  • the two rotating motors retract the four suspension cables, and the mattress 7 covering the bed 2 wraps the patient and lifts the patient out of the bed 2. the upper surface;
  • the nurse, caregiver or patient's family member operates the extension button in the control button group 9.
  • the first telescopic motor 51 and the second telescopic motor 52 in the telescopic motor unit 5 can respectively move toward the operating surface of the transfer bed body 2.
  • Two cantilevers are stretched out in the direction where the mattress 7 is located, and at the same time, the mattress 7 and the patient on the mattress 7 are stretched out as the two cantilevers are stretched out;
  • the nurse, caregiver or patient's family member operates the lowering button in the control button group 9, and the two rotating motors in the cantilever work simultaneously, releasing the four suspension cables to lower the height of the mattress 7, and the patient can be placed On other surfaces outside the transfer bed, such as the operating table;
  • the nurse, caregiver or patient's family member operates the retract button in the control button group 9.
  • the first telescopic motor 51 and the second telescopic motor 52 in the telescopic motor group 5 retract the cantilever at the same time.
  • the mattress 7 and the mattress 7 The patients on the bed are retracted together as the two cantilevers are retracted;
  • the nurse, caregiver or patient's family member operates the lowering button in the control button group 9 and releases the four suspension cables to lower the height of the mattress 7.
  • the patient can be placed on the bed 2 of the transfer bed. This is completed. Go to bed and operate.

Abstract

一种多功能医用转运床，包括床体（2）、隔离罩（3）和底盘（1），床体（2）和隔离罩（3）合并组成隔离舱，床体（2）和隔离罩（3）之间配置有第一顶升装置，第一顶升装置用于抬升隔离罩（3）。隔离罩（3）包括第一拱顶和第二拱顶，第一拱顶由透明材料制作，第二拱顶包括内层和外层；床体（2）的下表面安装等离子消杀装置，等离子消杀装置通过弹簧管连接隔离舱，弹簧管连接至内层和外层之间，内层上具有密集排布的气孔阵列。多功能医用转运床在负压转运模式下，隔离舱内侧气压小于外界大气压力，能有效阻断隔离舱内部的病菌微生物通过空气传播至隔离舱外侧；多功能医用转运床也能在需要的时候从正负压隔离模式转换成普通病床模式，以改善医疗机构床位数短缺的情况。

Description

一种多功能医用转运床 技术领域
本申请涉及医用设备领域，尤其涉及一种多功能医用转运床。
背景技术
随着新冠病毒大流行以来，在各类医疗体系内部，对于新冠病人转运时的隔离需求大增，虽然新型冠状病毒肺炎被《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》纳为乙类传染病,但是需要按甲类传染病管理，这对于转运设备的隔离要求大大增加。与此同时，在医疗体系内部，特别是综合性大型医院内部，有着许多烧伤病人、血液病病人、气管骨髓移植病人、癌症化疗病人等各种免疫力低下的病人，需要在各种复杂情况下转运，比如在刚做完手术后，需要从手术室转运到病房。
在以往的医疗实践中，对于新冠等传染病人，做转运时需要负压隔离，以防止病人携带的各类病毒散布至隔离装置以外，而对于上述各种免疫力低下的病人，做转运时需要正压隔离，以防止隔离装置外部的各类病毒微生物进入隔离装置内部。
现有技术中的转运床，要么没有任何隔离装置，只适用于普通病人的转运，要么隔离装置不能有效地阻断院内感染途径，虽然在大型医院的日常管理中，已经针对新冠等传染病进行的物理分区管理，但是奥米克戎病毒传染力超强，所以免疫力低下的病人在转运过程中会进过各种通道、电梯等，受到感染的风险很高。
心电监护仪是一种精密的医学仪器，能同时监护病人的动态心电图形、呼吸、体温、血压、血氧饱和度、脉率等生理参数，并可与已知设定值进行比较，如果出现超标可发出警报。心电监护是监测心脏电活动的一种手段，普通心电图只能简单观察描记心电图当时短暂的心电活动情况。而心电监护则是通过显示屏连续观察监测心脏电活动情况的一种是无创的监测方法，可适时观察病情，提供可靠的有价值的心电活动指标，并指导实时处理，因此对于有心电活动异常的患者，如急性心肌梗塞，各种心律失常等有重要使用价值。
心电监护仪在使用时需放置在病人身旁，一般置于专用的心电监护车上，普通的心电监护车虽然安装有车轮，移动轻便，但是心电监护仪上连接线较多，当转运床上的病人需要进行心电监护，一方面连接线长度不够，另一方面转运中容易造成连接线拉扯损坏，给病人造成极大的安全隐患。在实际临床工作中，在病人病情危重需转运至重症病房抢救治疗或者由急诊送至手术室进行急诊手术时，一般都会带着心电监护仪一起进行转运。目前常用的心电监护仪转运方法是：把心电监护仪直接放在病人的枕头旁，甚至病人身上进行转运。这样的转运方法通常会造成问题：病床平面不平整，心电监护放置不稳；因无法固定心电监护仪，在转运动作较快时，心电监护仪常常会 倾倒，不仅会使病人有受伤或感染的危险，而且还会误触发仪器上的某个不想要的功能，影响正常的心电监护流程。
医疗转运床在现代医疗机构运营和管理中发挥越来越大的作用，针对部分丧失自主活动能力的病人，常常需要多名护工将病人从病床“搬”到转运床上，然后再从转运床上“搬”到手术台上，这样给医疗机构无形中增加了不少运营成本。
因此，本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种多功能医用转运床，能阻断病毒传播路径，保障高效的隔离效果，以及隔离转运床和普通病床的转换，给医疗机构的运营管理带来经济性和便利性。本领域的技术人员还致力于开发一种医疗转运床用上下床辅助装置，能在转运的过程中间，尽可能地减少对护工的依赖，解决医疗转运的“最后一公里”问题。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题包括如何保障高效的隔离效果，以及如何实现转运床和普通病床的使用状态转换，以及如何将心电监护仪集成到转运床上，保障心电监护仪在转运过程中的使用安全可靠和收纳方便快捷。如何设计一种适用于医疗转运床的上下床辅助装置，帮助病人自己或只需要一位护工进行上下床的动作。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种多功能医用负压转运床，包括床体、隔离罩和底盘，所述床体和所述隔离罩合并组成隔离舱，所述床体和所述隔离罩之间配置有第一顶升装置，所述第一顶升装置用于抬升所述隔离罩。
进一步地，所述第一顶升装置包括四根顶升杆，四根所述顶升杆位于所述床体的四角。
进一步地，所述隔离罩包括第一拱顶和第二拱顶，所述第一拱顶为透明材质，靠近所述床体的床头部分；所述第二拱顶包括内层和外层。
进一步地，在所述第二拱顶的所述内层和所述外层之间设置有第一陀螺仪，所述第一陀螺仪用于感测在所述第一顶升装置顶升期间所述隔离罩的倾斜角度的变化是否超过预设值。
进一步地，所述床体和所述底盘之间配置有第二顶升装置，所述第二顶升装置包括四根顶升杆。
进一步地，在所述床体内设置有第二陀螺仪，所述第二陀螺仪用于感测在所述第二顶升装置顶升期间所述床体的倾斜角度的变化是否超过预设值。
进一步地，如果所述床体或所述隔离罩的倾斜角度大于所述预设值，则将四根所述顶升杆中绝对行程最落后的那根顶升杆的绝对行程重置为其他三根顶升杆的绝对行程的平均值。
进一步地，所述转运床还包括等离子消杀装置，所述等离子装置安装于所述床体 的下表面，所述等离子消杀装置的出风口与所述底盘通过方形风琴管连接，所述等离子消杀装置的进风口与所述隔离舱通过弹簧管连接。
进一步地，所述弹簧管被配置为对流经的空气进行加热或冷却。
进一步地，所述床体和所述隔离罩通过铰链连接。
本发明还提供了一种多功能医用转运床，包括床体、隔离罩和底盘，所述床体的上表面与所述隔离罩组成隔离舱，所述隔离罩包括第一拱顶和第二拱顶，所述第一拱顶由透明材料制作，所述第二拱顶包括内层和外层；所述床体的下表面安装等离子消杀装置，所述等离子消杀装置通过弹簧管连接所述隔离舱，所述弹簧管连接至所述内层和所述外层之间，所述内层上具有密集排布的气孔阵列。
进一步地，所述床体和所述隔离罩之间还包括框架，所述框架与所述隔离罩在所述床体的后侧面铰链连接，所述隔离罩沿所述铰链所在的轴旋转。
进一步地，所述框架的形状与所述床体和所述隔离罩相同，在所述框架和所述床体之间设置有第一顶升装置，所述顶升装置包括四根顶升杆，四根所述顶升杆用于调节所述框架和所述床体之间的距离。
进一步地，所述床体和所述底盘之间设置有第二顶升装置，所述第二顶升装置包括四根顶升杆，四根所述顶升杆用于调节所述床体和所述底盘之间的距离。
进一步地，所述转运床还包括心电监护仪，所述心电监护仪被配置在所述床体内部，所述心电监护仪的主体被配置在抽屉内，传感器和导线通过所述床体上的孔连接躺卧的病人。
进一步地，所述心电监护仪还包括一块副屏，所述副屏设置在所述第二拱顶的外层表面，所述副屏被配置为当所述心电监护仪所在的抽屉被关闭时，显示所述心电监护仪的操作界面和数据。
进一步地，在所述第二拱顶的内层和外层之间设置有第一陀螺仪，所述第一陀螺仪用于监测所述隔离罩在所述第一顶升装置顶升期间的倾斜角度是否超过第一预设值。
进一步地，如果所述隔离罩的倾斜角度超过所述第一预设值，则根据所述第一顶升装置的四个顶升杆的绝对行程，将行程最落后的那个顶升杆的绝对行程重置为剩余三根顶升杆的绝对行程的平均值。
进一步地，在所述床体和所述底盘的中间设置有第二陀螺仪，所述第二陀螺仪被配置为感测所述床体相对于所述底盘的水平程度。
进一步地，在所述第一顶升装置和所述第二顶升装置被配置为具有防夹功能，所述防夹功能被配置为由红外传感器或电容传感器实现。
本发明还提供了一种等离子消毒装置，包括进风口、初效过滤器、风机、等离子发生器、高效过滤器和出风口，当所述医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置工作在正压隔离模式时，气流顺序依次为进风口、初效过滤器、风机、等离子消毒单元、活性炭、高 效过滤器和出风口；当所述医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置工作在负压隔离模式时，气流顺序依次为进风口、高效过滤器、风机、等离子消毒单元、活性炭、初效过滤器和出风口。
进一步地，所述出风口连接多根弹簧管，所述弹簧管用于支撑所述弹簧管内外的压力差。
进一步地，所述初效过滤器包括活性炭。
进一步地，所述弹簧管还用于加热或冷却管内流经的空气。
进一步地，所述等离子消毒单元包含放电针和等离子发生筒，放电针放置在等离子发生筒内部中心位置，放电针的放电端点到等离子发生筒的边缘上的任何点距离相同；放电针配置为高电位，等离子发生筒配置为低电位。
进一步地，所述高效过滤器的两侧设置有压差传感器。
本发明还提供了一种医疗转运床，包含如上所述的等离子消毒装置，所述医疗转运床还包括床体、屏蔽舱和底盘，所述底盘和所述床体之间设置顶升机构，所述顶升机构用于调节所述床体与所述底盘之间的距离，所述等离子消毒装置固定设置在床体下面，所述等离子消毒装置的进风口平行于地面。
本发明还提供了一种用于医疗转运床的正压隔离转负压隔离的转换方法，包含以下步骤：
提供如权利要求7所述的医疗转运床；
观察或记录所述压差传感器数值；
停止所述风机运转；
如果所述压差传感器数值超过阈值，更换所述高效过滤器；
交换初效过滤器和高效过滤器的位置；
重新打开所述风机并反转风叶旋转方向。
本发明还提供了一种用于医疗转运床的负压隔离转正压隔离的转换方法，包含以下步骤：
提供如权利要求7所述的医疗转运床；
观察或记录所述压差传感器数值；
停止所述风机运转；
如果所述压差传感器数值超过阈值，更换所述高效过滤器；
交换初效过滤器和高效过滤器的位置；
重新打开所述风机并反转风叶旋转方向；
向所述屏蔽舱内喷洒液体消毒剂。
本发明还提供了一种用于医疗转运床的正负压隔离的双向转换方法，包含以下步骤：
提供如权利要求7所述的医疗转运床；
停止所述风机运转；
整体反转所述等离子消毒装置；
重新打开所述风机；
向所述屏蔽舱内喷洒液体消毒剂。
本发明还提供了一种等离子消毒装置，包括进风口、初效过滤器、风机、等离子发生器、高效过滤器和出风口，所述初效过滤器包括活性炭，所述进风口、所述初效过滤器、所述风机、所述等离子发生器、所述高效过滤器和所述出风口依次连接，或者，所述进风口、所述高效过滤器、所述风机、所述等离子发生器、所述初效过滤器和所述出风口依次连接，所述高效过滤器的两侧设置有压差传感器，所述风机为双向风机。
进一步地，所述等离子消毒单元包含放电针和等离子发生筒，放电针放置在等离子发生筒内部中心位置，放电针的放电端点到等离子发生筒的边缘上的任何点距离相同；放电针配置为高电位，等离子发生筒配置为低电位。
进一步地，还包括人机界面，所述人机界面为触摸显示屏，所述触摸显示屏用于显示所述等离子消毒装置的工况和接受工作指令。
进一步地，还包括高压模块，所述高压模块用于所述等离子发生器产生高电压。
进一步地，当所述等离子消毒装置工作在正压隔离模式时，气流顺序依次为进风口、初效过滤器、风机、等离子发生器、高效过滤器和出风口。
进一步地，当所述等离子消毒装置工作在负压隔离模式时，气流顺序依次为进风口、高效过滤器、风机、等离子发生器、活性炭、初效过滤器和出风口。
本发明还提供了一种医疗转运床，包含如上所述的等离子消毒装置，所述医疗转运床还包括床体、屏蔽舱和底盘，所述底盘和所述床体之间设置顶升机构，所述顶升机构用于调节所述床体与所述底盘之间的距离，所述等离子消毒装置固定设置在床体下面。
进一步地，所述等离子消毒装置的进风口平行于地面。
进一步地，所述等离子消毒装置的出风口连接多根弹簧管，所述弹簧管用于支撑所述弹簧管内外的压力差，所述弹簧管还用于加热或冷却管内流经的空气。
进一步地，所述等离子消毒装置的出风口采用斜面设计，气流经过所述斜面时方向改变90°，气道由方形转为圆形。
本发明提供了一种医疗转运床用心电监护装置，包括主板、电源板、主屏、传感器模块、按键模块和记录存储模块，其中，所述电源板、所述主屏、所述传感器模块、所述按键模块和所述记录存储模块分别与所述主板连接，所述医疗转运床用心电监护装置还包括抽屉形外壳和金属支撑架，所述金属支撑架位于所述抽屉形外壳内部，将所述抽屉形外壳的内部空间分割为左右两个部分，所述抽屉形外壳的左边部分设置为线缆储存槽；所述右边部分再分割成右上、右中和右下三层，右上层用于容纳所述主 屏，右中层用于安装所述电源板，右下层用于安装所述主板，其中由所述金属支撑架分割的各个内部子空间之间设置有一个或多个线缆孔，其余部分为封闭的。
进一步地，所述心电监护装置还包括把手，所述把手设置在所述抽屉形外壳的外部，所述扳手为内嵌式。
进一步地，所述心电监护装置还包括风扇和内部电池，所述内部电池和所述风扇连接在所述电源板上。
进一步地，所述心电监护装置还包括报警单元、扬声器和指示灯，所述报警单元、所述扬声器和所述指示灯分别与所述按键模块连接。
进一步地，所述记录存储模块包括USB接口和/或SD卡槽。
进一步地，所述传感器模块包括血压传感器、血氧传感器、心电传感器、二氧化碳传感器和体温传感器，以及相对应的各组线缆，所述线缆用于连接相应的传感器和与所述主板相连的传感器接口板。
进一步地，在所述抽屉形外壳远离所述把手的一侧外部设置弹簧钮。
本发明还提供了一种医疗转运床，包括如上所述的心电监护装置，所述转运床还包括副屏，所述副屏设置在屏蔽罩不透明拱顶的外侧，所述副屏通过线缆与所述主板相连。
进一步地，所述心电监护装置还包括电源和信号接口，所述电源和信号接口设置在所述抽屉形外壳远离所述把手的一侧外部，所述电源接口与所述转运床的底盘上的电源控制器相连接。
本发明还提供了一种医疗转运床的使用方法，提供如上任一医疗转运床，还包括以下步骤：
S1、打开转运床屏蔽舱，拉开抽屉形外壳，露出心电监护装置面板；
S2、按下心电监护装置面板上的电源开关按钮；
S3、从线缆储存槽取出传感器线缆，把需要用的线缆从抽屉形外壳穿入转运床床体内部，再从病患躺卧的床板穿出；
S4、将传感器线缆连接至病患身体的各个部位；
S5、操作心电监护装置面板，开启各项监测功能；
如果此时需要对病患进行转运，则：
S6、关闭转运床的屏蔽舱，推入抽屉形外壳；此时心电监护装置正常工作，主屏熄灭，所要显示的内容在副屏上显示；
S7、到达转运目的地后，再次打开转运床屏蔽舱，拉开抽屉形外壳，露出心电监护装置面板；此时副屏熄灭，主屏恢复显示
本发明提供了一种具有上下床辅助装置的医疗转运床，包括底盘1、床体2、屏蔽罩3、升降电机组4、伸缩电机组5、悬缆组6、床垫7、背板8和控制按钮组9，其中，所述升降电机组4包括第一升降电机41、第二升降电机42、第三升降电机43和第四 升降电机44；所述伸缩电机组5包括第一伸缩电机51和第二伸缩电机52；所述悬缆组6包括第一悬缆61、第二悬缆62、第三悬缆63和第四悬缆64；所述第一伸缩电机51固定安装于所述屏蔽罩3靠近床尾一侧的内框架上，所述第二伸缩电机52固定安装于所述屏蔽罩3靠近床头一侧的内框架上，分别在所述第一伸缩电机51和所述第二伸缩电机52伸出的悬臂中固定安装旋转电机，所述第一悬缆61、第二悬缆62、第三悬缆63和第四悬缆64的一端与所述旋转电机连接，另一端与所述床垫7的四个角固定连接。
进一步地，所述背板8设置在所述床体2靠近床头的部分，所述背板8的一边设置有旋转轴81，另一边通过一组顶升电机使得所述背板8围绕所述旋转轴81旋转。
进一步地，所述控制按钮组9包括上升、下降、伸出、收缩、坐起和紧急停止六个按钮。
进一步地，所述悬缆组6的材质为钢缆、铁链或尼龙绳中的一种。
进一步地，所述床垫7的材质为纺织的棉麻布或动物毛皮或与所述悬缆组6一体成形的尼龙板中的一种。
进一步地，在所述尼龙板的内部设置金属质的网状加强筋。
进一步地，所述伸缩电机组5的控制单元设置在所述床体2的内部，所述控制单元能分别获取所述第一伸缩电机51和所述第二伸缩电机52的绝对行程，当所述控制单元发现两个所述绝对行程之差超过预设数值时，所述控制单元会立刻停止所述第一伸缩电机51和所述第二伸缩电机52的当前动作，重设较慢那个伸缩电机的绝对行程与较快的那个相同，然后再重新启动所述第一伸缩电机51和所述第二伸缩电机52后继续动作。
进一步地，所述旋转电机的第二控制单元设置在所述床体2的内部，所述第二控制单元能分别获取所述第一悬缆61、第二悬缆62、第三悬缆63和第四悬缆64的绝对行程，当所述第二控制单元发现某个悬缆的绝对行程超过或落后其余三个悬缆的绝对行程的平均值时，所述第二控制单元会立刻停止所述旋转电机的当前动作，重设那个最快或最慢的悬缆的绝对行程至其余三根悬缆的绝对行程的平均值，然后再重新启动所述旋转电机。
本发明还提供了一种用于医疗转运床的下床辅助方法，包括以下步骤：
S1-1、提供如权利要求1-8任一所述的医疗转运床；
S1-2、病患平卧在所述床体2上，操作所述控制按钮组9中的坐起按钮；顶升电机组820将所述背板8围绕所述旋转轴81逐渐旋转，所述病患的上半身逐渐被抬起；
S1-3、操作所述控制按钮组9中的上升按钮，两个所述旋转电机收缩四根所述悬缆，覆盖在所述床体2上的所述床垫7包裹着所述病患抬离所述床体2的上表面；
S1-4、操作所述控制按钮组9中的伸出按钮，所述伸缩电机组5中的所述第一伸缩电机51和所述第二伸缩电机52分别向所述转运床的所述床体2的操作面所在的方 向伸出两个所述悬臂，同时所述床垫7和所述床垫7上的所述病患一起随着两个所述悬臂的伸出而伸出；
S1-5、操作所述控制按钮组9中的下降按钮，在所述悬臂中的两个所述旋转电机同时工作，释放四根所述悬缆以便降低所述床垫7的高度，将所述病患放置在所述转运床外的其他表面。
本发明还提供了一种用于医疗转运床的上床辅助方法，包括以下步骤：
S2-1、提供如权利要求1-8任一所述的医疗转运床；
S2-2、将所述床垫7放置在需要转运的病患身下；
S2-3、操作所述控制按钮组9中的上升按钮，在所述悬臂中的两个所述旋转电机同时工作，收缩四根所述悬缆以升高所述床垫7的高度，将病患抬离其他表面；
S2-4、操作所述控制按钮组9中的收缩按钮，所述伸缩电机组5中的所述第一伸缩电机51和所述第二伸缩电机52同时收回悬臂，同时所述床垫7和所述床垫7上的所述病患一起随着两个所述悬臂的收回而收回；
S2-5、操作所述控制按钮组9中的下降按钮，释放四根所述悬缆以便降低所述床垫7的高度，将所述病患放置在所述转运床的所述床体2上。
本发明所述的多功能医用转运床，在负压转运模式下，隔离舱内侧气压小于外界大气压力，能有效阻断隔离舱内部的病菌微生物通过空气传播至隔离舱外侧；在正压转运模式下，隔离舱内侧气压大于外界气压，能有效阻断隔离舱外部的病菌微生物通过空气传播至隔离舱内侧；本发明所述的多功能医用转运床也能在需要的时候从正负压隔离模式转换成普通病床模式，以改善医疗机构床位数短缺的情况。本发明所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置，能实现从正压隔离到负压隔离的转换，或从负压隔离到正压隔离的转换，以及转换后相对应的消杀灭菌工作。本发明所述的医疗转运床，其辅助病患上下床的功能，极大减轻了丧失活动能力病患的照顾强度，整个辅助上下床的过程单人独自可操作，同时也提高了病患自身的舒适度，一举两得。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述的多功能医用转运床正负压隔离模式的斜侧正面示意图；
图2是本发明所述的多功能医用转运床正负压隔离模式的斜侧背面示意图；
图3是本发明所述的多功能医用转运床正负压隔离模式的隔离罩打开状态图；
图4是本发明所述的多功能医用转运床正负压隔离模式的隔离罩打开状态图；
图5是本发明所述的多功能医用转运床普通病床模式的斜侧正面示意图；
图6是本发明所述的多功能医用转运床普通病床模式的斜侧背面示意图；
图7是本发明所述的多功能医用转运床隔离罩内侧面气孔的局部放大图；
图8是本发明所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置的外观示意图；
图9是本发明所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置的内部结构示意图之一；
图10是本发明所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置的内部结构示意图之二；
图11是本发明所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置的内部结构示意图之三；
图12是本发明所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置的正压隔离结构示意图；
图13是本发明所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置的负压隔离结构示意图；
图14是本发明一个较佳实施例的正面外观立体图；
图15是本发明一个较佳实施例的背面外观立体图；
图16是本发明一个较佳实施例的内部部件立体图；
图17是本发明一个较佳实施例的转运床整体立体图；
图18是本发明一个较佳实施例的电路功能框图；
图19是本发明所述的医疗转运床用上下床辅助装置的伸出示意图；
图20是本发明所述的医疗转运床用上下床辅助装置的收纳示意图；
图21是本发明所述的医疗转运床用上下床辅助装置的放下示意图；
图中，1-底盘；2-床体；3-屏蔽罩；4-升降电机组；41-第一升降电机；42-第二升降电机；43-第三升降电机；44-第四升降电机；5-伸缩电机组；51-第一伸缩电机；52-第二伸缩电机；6-悬缆组；61-第一悬缆；62-第二悬缆；63-第三悬缆；64-第四悬缆；7-床垫；8-背板；81-旋转轴；82-顶升电机组；9-控制按钮组。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本说明书所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本说明书中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是用于限制本发明。本说明书所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
如图1和图2所示，本发明所述的多功能医用负压转运床，包括床体、底盘和隔离罩，床体俯视呈圆角矩形，床体六个面分别为病人躺卧面(床体上面)、设备面(床体下面)、操作面(床体前侧面)、扶手面(床体左、右侧面，左侧面是床尾，右侧面是床头)和后侧面，其中，床体的病人躺卧面与隔离罩相密封组成隔离舱。隔离罩由两端呈圆弧形的拱顶组成，靠近床头侧的拱顶是透明的，材料选用钢化玻璃或有机玻璃(透明的亚克力)，靠近床尾的拱顶是不透明的，材料选用ABS、PE、PP、PVC等塑料材料中的一种。在靠近床尾的拱顶的外侧面上设置有一个显示屏，该显示屏(副屏)用于显示床载心电监护仪的操作界面图像和数据。
在靠近床尾的拱顶的内侧面设置有双层结构，其中内侧面上设置有阵列排布的气孔，其内直径约1-2毫米，通过这些阵列气孔(气孔局部放大图如图7所示)向隔离舱外部抽取污染的舱内空气，隔离舱内的被污染的空气从拱顶内侧面的阵列气孔吸入，经过多根弹簧管进入设置在床体设备面的等离子消杀装置消杀后从底盘排气口排出。设置在床体设备面上的等离子消杀装置也可用于消杀来自转运床外部的污染空气，输出的干净空气通过多根弹簧管输送到双层结构之间，通过隔离罩内侧面的气孔进入隔离舱。
底盘与床体的设备面相连接，底盘上部的设备包括整体直流电源(电池)和床体升降装置，床体升降装置包括四根电机驱动的顶升杆，四根顶升杆位于床体和底盘之间相对靠中心内侧，相对位置呈矩形，顶升装置工作时，可以平稳调节床体本身的高度，方便不同身高的病患上下床。
底盘整体形状是内嵌在圆角矩形内的X形状，底盘的下部四个端点设置有四个带刹停功能的万向轮。底盘上沿X形状包裹有围栏，围栏上部与床体的设备面相连接，围栏的下部与底盘相连接，围栏的上部和下部具有重叠部分，可以相互贴合配合滑动，床体升降装置在工作时，床体上升或下降到任何高度均可以保证围栏的闭合和一定的气密性。在底盘和床体的后侧面，突出于围栏，设置有容纳等离子消杀装置的多根弹簧管的保护套。
在床体的操作面设置有抽屉式心电监护装置，当需要使用心电监护功能时，可以将抽屉打开，将多个传感器连接至病患，传感器的连接线通过抽屉与床体病人躺卧面的通孔连接病人，所以当转运床需要移动时，可以暂时将抽屉关闭，不影响心电监护装置的正常工作，而且与此同时，心电监护装置主屏幕的显示内容切换到隔离罩靠近床尾的显示屏(副屏)上。
床体操作面靠近床头的部分设置有一个显示屏，这个显示屏上显示转运床本身的工作状态，包括隔离舱的温湿度、气压、等离子消杀装置的两口压差和累计工作时间等。在床体操作面的下部的围栏上设置有等离子消杀装置的维修窗口，当两口压差超出预设值时，说明其中的过滤器已失效，需要更换。
在底盘X形状靠近床头或床尾的部分，配置有氧气瓶，输氧管道通过床体设备面和病人躺卧面进入隔离舱内。在床体的病人躺卧面靠近床头的部分设置有活动部件，活动部件包括一块抬升板和一个电机驱动的伸缩杆，当伸缩杆完全收缩时，抬升板嵌入病人躺卧面，当伸缩杆完全伸展时，可将抬升板顶起，使得抬升板和病人躺卧面形成30°到60°的夹角，这个活动部件的功能是辅助病人抬起上半身或者坐起。
如图3和图4所示，转运床在处于正压或负压隔离模式时，床体的病人躺卧面与隔离罩相密封组成隔离舱，隔离罩与床体连接处设置有与床体形状相同的框架，在床体的后侧面，隔离罩与框架通过铰链连接。框架与床体，框架与隔离罩之间的密封通过充气的橡胶条实现。当病人需要上下床时，隔离罩可沿铰链所在的轴转动90°至 150°后至打开状态。
如图5和图6所示，隔离罩框架与床体的病人躺卧面之间设置有四个顶升杆，四个顶升杆可以同步将框架连同隔离罩一同升起，此时转运床从正负压隔离模式切换成普通病床模式。在普通病床模式下，等离子消杀装置和隔离罩上的显示器处于禁止开启状态。
转运床从正负压隔离模式切换成普通病床模式时，需要通过四根顶升杆将框架和隔离罩一同顶升到一定的高度，约80～100厘米，由于四根顶升杆的上升或下降的速度并做不到完全相同，所以框架和隔离罩在上升或下降时会发生一定程度上的变形，变形程度较大时则会造成框架和隔离罩的损坏。同样地，位于底盘和床体之间的四根顶升杆在移动床体上下运动时，也会发生同样的问题。因此，本实施例分别在床体内部和隔离罩不透明拱顶的内外层之间设置陀螺仪，陀螺仪可以检测隔离罩和床体相对于初始状态的倾斜程度，如果倾斜程度大于预设值(如5°)时，四根顶升杆停止运动，通过顶升杆的绝对行程确定四根顶升杆中的哪根杆运动位置落后于其他三根，然后将这根杆的绝对行程重置到另外三个杆的绝对行程的平均值，以便矫正隔离罩或床体的形变，然后继续四根顶升杆的动作，如果超过阈值的倾斜再次发生，则重复上述步骤。
为了保证隔离舱内的病人生命安全以及舒适性，隔离舱的内部设置有温度传感器，湿度传感器，气压传感器，空气质量传感器等各类传感器，其中，温度传感器设置在床体病人躺卧面的床头处,温度传感器与等离子消杀装置的温控单元联动，可以改变输入隔离舱的空气的温度；连接等离子消杀装置的弹簧管被配置为可以对经过其管道的空气进行加热或冷却，弹簧管内的金属材料的弹簧即可充当加热丝或冷却丝。湿度传感器与设置在底盘上的抽湿装置联动，可以将输入隔离舱的空气的湿度变化稳定在预设值(如5％)以内；气压传感器设置在隔离罩双层拱顶的内侧,气压传感器与等离子消杀装置的风机联动，可以将隔离舱的空气气压变化稳定在预设值(如5～10Pa)以内；空气质量传感器设置在床体病人躺卧面的床头处,空气质量传感器和等离子消杀装置的风机联动，可以将隔离舱的空气的微粒数量变化量稳定在预设值(如10)以内。
为了保持普通模式下隔离舱内部空间的空气相对稳定性，免受外界干扰，在床体和升起后的框架和隔离罩之间设置垂帘，为了提高密封效果，垂帘的上下条边均设置有被磁化了的铁磁物体，铁磁物体呈条状，可以最大程度上贴合床体和框架以及隔离罩。在床体和框架的内侧设置多个圆形吸盘式电磁锁，电磁锁内部包含圆柱铁和铜线圈，铜线圈放置在圆柱铁芯和外壳之间，当线圈中通入直流电，线圈周围产生磁场，铁芯在线圈所产生的磁场内部被磁化，这时铁芯就能对垂帘上的铁磁条产生较强的吸力，直流电撤除后，吸力自然消失，这时取下垂帘非常方便和省力。在本发明的另一个实施中，电磁锁也可以是电磁力驱动锁舌的机械弹簧开关，当需要挂上垂帘时，只需克服弹簧的机械力即可，当需要撤除垂帘时，电磁锁接受指令驱动锁舌打开即可。
在隔离罩和框架之间以及框架和床体之间的接触面上设置传感器，传感器可以是 红外传感器或者是电容传感器，可以检测暴露皮肤的肢体或躯干，当传感器的检测值大于所设定的阈值时，可以判断已经发生“夹”的情况，升降机构需要立即停止或作少量反向动作。在本发明的另一个实施例中，在隔离罩和框架之间以及框架和床体之间的接触面上设置活动的机械结构，这个机械结构由弹簧驱动，即当发生“夹”的情况时，机械结构受力引发弹簧形变，并触发与机械结构相连的电子触点，从而判断“夹”的情况发生。在本发明的其他实施例中，通过观察顶升机构的顶升杆的异常电流(提示活动受限)或者通过观察陀螺仪所指示的偏斜角度也可以判断是否夹了。
如图8、图9、图10和图11所示，本实施例所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置包括出风口、初效过滤器(含活性炭)、风机、等离子发生器、高效过滤器，以及与等离子发生器连接的高压模块、与高效过滤器连接的压差传感器和人机界面模块，其中，高压模块用于产生等离子态的高电压，压差传感器用于检测高效过滤器两侧的气压差，人机界面模块是一块触摸显示屏，用于显示本实施例所述装置的工作状态和接受用户指令。
如图12所示，本实施例所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置工作在正压隔离模式时，随着等离子消毒装置内的风机启动，气流经过进风口，首先通过初效过滤器(含活性炭)，然后通过风机叶片，再经过等离子发生器消毒，最后经过高效过滤器后，干净的空气流从出风口进入转运床的隔离舱或屏蔽舱。
如图13所示，本实施例所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置工作在负压隔离模式时，随着等离子消毒装置内的风机启动，气流经过进风口，首先通过高效过滤器，然后经过风机的叶片，再进入等离子发生器消毒，最后经过初效过滤器(含活性炭)后，干净的空气流从出风口进入转运床外的室内公共空间。
经过对正压隔离模式和负压隔离模式的气流对比可以发现，当本实施例所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置需要进行从正压隔离模式到负压隔离模式时，只需将初效过滤器和高效过滤器的位置进行对调并将风机旋转方向反转即可，从负压隔离模式到正压隔离模式时，也只需将初效过滤器和高效过滤器的位置进行对调并将风机旋转方向反转即可，但是由于负压隔离模式下，屏蔽舱内的空气是污染的，因此转换后需对屏蔽舱内部进行彻底消杀。优选的消杀方法包括喷洒消毒液，如双氧水或次氯酸溶液等。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，如果需要进行从正压隔离模式到负压隔离模式或从负压隔离模式到正压隔离模式时，可以将整个医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置与转运床脱离，整体反转后重新和转运床连接，这样做的好处是风机叶片旋转方向无需反转，整体拆装的工作量也远远小于对调初效过滤器和高效过滤器的工作量。
当单独长时间进行正压隔离或负压隔离时，在高效过滤器的两侧设置气体压力传感器，当高效过滤器两侧的压力差超过预设值时，可以判断高效过滤器已失效，必须进行保养和更换。
在本实施例中，等离子消毒单元包含放电针和等离子发生筒，放电针放置在等离子发生筒内部中心位置，放电针的放电端点到等离子发生筒的边缘上的任何点距离相同；放电针配置为高电位，等离子发生筒配置为低电位。等离子消毒单元工作时，放电针端点放出高压电，使得等离子发生筒内的空气发生电离，产生等离子体，等离子体对周围空气内的病菌微生物具有较高的杀伤力。
本实施例所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置的出风口还包括多根连通至转运床屏蔽舱的弹簧管，弹簧管里的弹簧不仅可以承受/抵抗管内外的气压差，还可以作为热量的传导媒介，可以通过对弹簧的加热或冷却来实现对管内空气的加热和冷却，这样可以稳定地控制进入转运床屏蔽舱内的空气温度的变化，提高病人在屏蔽舱内生活的舒适度。
本实施例所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置的出风口采用斜面设计，气流从初效过滤器或高效过滤器出来时，气道形状由方变圆，并且改变的90°的方向，采用斜面连接过渡气道的形状变化和方向变化，大大减小了等离子消毒装置工作时的噪音，特别是在风机风量较大的时候。
本实施例所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置的进风口采用转向设计，从原来垂直于地面改成与地面平行，这样就可以避免地面上散落的颗粒物以及粘附在这些颗粒物上面的病毒微生物进入进风口。为了进一步提高进风口与地面的距离，本实施例所述的医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置整体固定在床体上，可随床体的升高而升高。当床体升高时，进风口会进一步远离地面，提高避免吸入异物的效果。同样地，在负压模式下，转向设计和升高设计也可以改善出风口的气流方向，避免扬尘。
如图14、图15、图16和图17所示，本实施例所述的医疗转运床用心电监护装置，包括抽屉形外壳，支撑架、主屏、按键、电源板、主板、传感器连接线缆和电源与信号接口，其中，心电监护装置整体安装在医用转运床的床体内部靠近床头的部分，抽屉形外壳具有一个或多个把手，把手为内嵌式。当需要在转运床边使用时，可握住把手抽出抽屉形外壳，露出主屏和传感器连接线缆，传感器连接线缆收纳在专用的储存槽内。储存槽和主屏左右并排布置在抽屉形外壳内部，按键位于主屏下方靠近把手的位置，按键包括电源开关键和其他功能菜单键(图中未示出)。主屏是分辨率为1024X768或1280X1024的彩色液晶显示屏,并附带10点电容式触摸屏，触摸功能和按键可以配合使用。
抽屉形外壳内部有一个金属的支撑架，支撑架将抽屉形外壳的内部空间大致分割成左、上、中、下四个部分，支撑架的左半部分与抽屉形外壳的左半部分共同构成传感器连接线缆的储存槽，储存槽的下半部分设置有传感器线缆和主板的连接接口，连接接口包括两个血压接口、一个血氧接口，一个心跳/脉搏传感器接口、一个呼吸传感器(二氧化碳)接口和一个体温传感器接口。这些接口与相应的线缆和传感器连接，线缆和传感器通过线缆储存槽底部的第一孔(图中未示出)穿出，在床体内部再次穿 过位于床板上的第二孔(图中未示出)到达病患处。当转运床进入转运状态时，可以将抽屉形外壳推入转运床的床体内部，推入后心电监护装置仍处于工作状态。在抽屉形外壳远离把手的一侧外部设置有一个弹簧钮，当心电监护装置被推入转运床的床体后，这个弹簧钮与床体内部相应的限位部发生碰撞，弹簧钮被按下，主板检测到弹簧钮被按下后，便获知心电监护装置已被推入床体内部，于是将主屏的显示内容切换至副屏显示，副屏是分辨率为800X600的彩色液晶显示屏，不具有触摸功能，副屏仅用于显示。副屏被设置在屏蔽罩不透明拱顶的外侧，在转运床处于转运(活动或移动)状态时，显示原由主屏显示的相应内容。
金属支撑架的右半部分分为上、中、下三层，右上层用于容纳心电监护装置的主屏，右中层用于安装心电监护装置的电源板、风扇(图中未示出)和内部电池(可选装，图中未示出)，右下层用于安装心电监护装置的主板，其中由金属支撑架分割的各个内部子空间之间设置有一个或多个线缆孔，其余部分为封闭的，这样的配置是基于防止心电监护装置内部各个部件之间的相互干扰，也在一定程度上防止心电监护装置外部(医疗结构内部)所带来的各类电气干扰。
在抽屉形外壳远离把手的一侧外部，设置有电源和信号接口，这里的电源接口与转运床的底盘上的电源控制器相连接，当且仅当转运床处于静止(非转运状态)时，本实施例所述的电源接口也可以与转运床外部的电源相连接。电源接口对内分别连接主板和内部电池，可以给主板供电以及给内部电池充电。这里的信号接口包括有线网络接口、无线网络接口和副屏VGA信号接口。
本实施例所述的医疗转运床用心电监护装置的电气功能框图如图18所示，心电监护装置包括主板、电源板、主屏和副屏、传感器模块、按键模块和记录存储模块，其中，电源板、主屏和副屏、传感器模块、按键模块和记录存储模块分别与主板连接，内部电池和风扇连接在电源板上，报警单元、扬声器和指示灯分别与按键模块连接，记录存储模块包括USB接口和/或SD卡槽。传感器模块包括血压传感器、血氧传感器、心电传感器、呼吸(二氧化碳)传感器和体温传感器，以及相对应的各组线缆，线缆用于连接相应的传感器和与主板相连的传感器接口板。
本实施例所述的医疗转运床用心电监护装置通过各种预置的传感器来进行生理参数的信号检测与预处理，主板将生物医学信号转换成电信号，并在主板上的信号处理系统中将传感器输出的电信号进行干扰抑制、信号滤波和放大等预处理，得到二次处理后的电信号输出。然后，通过数据提取与处理模块进行采样、量化，并对各参数进行计算分析，结果与报警装置中的设定阈值比较是否在安全的监控范围内进行监督报警，并通过记录装置将结果数据实时存储到外部存储器方便医护人员可以更好的看到这个病人之前的各个参数的变化情况，信号处理系统出来的数据则也可以实时传送至显示装置上，在显示装置上可实时显示各参数值，如果刚好有参数是需要实时监护和控制的，则就可以通过主板上的控制系统来实现。
心电传感器用于监测心电信号，心电信号由大到小分别是：输入缓冲、数模转换与导联定义、前置放大、高通滤波、模数转换等，导联采集到微弱心电信号后，通过导联采集到心电信号。采用数千伏隔离浮地电源和光电隔离，心电传感器单独使用，通信适配电路将心电图信号传送至主板上的微处理器，微处理器通过数据指令控制心电模块的工作状态。心电数据经传感器采集后，完成心电图的显示、存储、打印及数据管理、波形参数计算与分析、病人资料管理等一系列工作。本实施例所述的医疗转运床用心电监护装置通过7*24小时连续的动态心电图记录和统计，可以了解活动及安静状态下人体心脏的变化情况，并以检查报告的形式呈现相关数据，比常规检查对心律失常的检出率更高，能够及时发现心脏健康隐患。
本实施例所述的医疗转运床用心电监护装置的心电传感器模块采用12导联检测心脏的电活动。导联是指人体两个或两个以上体表部位之间的电位差随心动周期变化的波形图，因为心脏是立体的，一个导联波形表示了心脏在一个投影面上的电活动，那么12导联将从12个方向上反映出心脏的不同投影面上的电活动，从而可以综合判断出心脏不同部位的病变。在测量心电信号时，肢体电极是放置在手腕和脚腕处，而作为心电监护的电极则放置在腹部，本实施例所述的心电监护装置能同时监护12个导联的波形并在主屏上显示其中的3-6个，并通过波形分析提取心脏参数，如提取ST段和捕获心率失常事件。心电信号是一种极其微弱的电信号，很容易收到外界干扰，本实施例所述的心电监护装置的测量电路中放大器的通带宽度较大，0.1Hz到75Hz，能保证各个导联的波形显示出更细微的结构。
本实施例所述的医疗转运床用心电监护装置的使用步骤如下：
S1、打开转运床屏蔽舱，拉开抽屉形外壳，露出心电监护装置面板；
S2、按下心电监护装置面板上的电源开关按钮；
S3、从线缆储存槽取出传感器线缆，把需要用的线缆从抽屉形外壳穿入转运床床体内部，再从病患躺卧的床板穿出；
S4、将传感器线缆连接至病患身体的各个部位；
S5、操作心电监护装置面板，开启各项监测功能；
如果此时需要对病患进行转运，则：
S6、关闭转运床的屏蔽舱，推入抽屉形外壳；此时心电监护装置正常工作，主屏熄灭，所要显示的内容在副屏上显示；
S7、到达转运目的地后，再次打开转运床屏蔽舱，拉开抽屉形外壳，露出心电监护装置面板；此时副屏熄灭，主屏恢复显示，可对主屏继续进行操作。
如图19和图20所示，本实施例所述的具有上下床辅助装置的医疗转运床，包括底盘1、床体2、屏蔽罩3、升降电机组4、伸缩电机组5、悬缆组6、床垫7、背板8和控制按钮组9，其中，升降电机组4包括第一升降电机41；第二升降电机42；第三升降电机43；第四升降电机44；伸缩电机组5包括第一伸缩电机51；第二伸缩电机 52；悬缆组6包括第一悬缆61；第二悬缆62；第三悬缆63；第四悬缆64。
底盘1、床体2和屏蔽罩3可构成带有正负压隔离功能的医疗转运床，本实施例在其基础上增加上下床辅助功能，即在屏蔽罩3的内框架上床头和床尾两端固定安装一组伸缩电机组5，第一伸缩电机51和第二伸缩电机52可分别向转运床床体2的操作面所在的方向伸出两个悬臂，两个悬臂中分别设置一个旋转电机(图中未示出)，两个旋转电机的两侧分别固定连接第一悬缆61和第二悬缆62以及第三悬缆63和第四悬缆64的一端，第一悬缆61、第二悬缆62、第三悬缆63和第四悬缆64的另一端分别与床垫7的四个角固定连接。
伸缩电机组5的第一控制单元设置在床体2内部，第一控制单元能分别获取第一伸缩电机51和第二伸缩电机52的绝对行程(伸出距离)，当第一控制单元发现两个绝对行程之差超过预设数值(如1厘米)时，第一控制单元会立刻停止第一伸缩电机51和第二伸缩电机52的当前动作，重设较慢那个伸缩电机的绝对行程与较快的那个相同，然后再重新启动第一伸缩电机51和第二伸缩电机52后继续动作。第一伸缩电机51和第二伸缩电机52的绝对行程范围是-1厘米(即缩进电机主体内部1厘米)至60厘米，设计载重最大值是100公斤，即病患的体重不能超过100公斤。转运床本身自重超过500公斤，因此第一伸缩电机51和第二伸缩电机52伸出达到最大值且病患体重不超过100公斤时，转运床整体不会倾覆。
两个旋转电机负责缩放悬缆组6(第一悬缆61、第二悬缆62、第三悬缆63和第四悬缆64)，两个旋转电机分别安装于两个悬臂内，和伸缩电机组5一样，位于床体2内部的第二控制单元也可以监测两个旋转电机的工作情况，如发生悬缆长度不一致的情况，第二控制单元也可以做出相应的调整。
悬缆组6的材质可以是钢缆、铁链或尼龙绳中的一种，第一悬缆61、第二悬缆62、第三悬缆63和第四悬缆64的一端与旋转电机固定连接，另一端与床垫7连接。床垫7的材质可以纺织的棉麻布或动物毛皮或与悬缆组6一体成形的尼龙板，在尼龙板内部设置金属质的网状加强筋。床垫7的离地高度可根据第一悬缆61、第二悬缆62、第三悬缆63和第四悬缆64的伸出长度调节，调节范围约是60厘米至150厘米。
如图20所示，在床体2靠近床头的部位设置有背板8，背板8的一边设置有旋转轴81，背板8可在设置在床体2内部的顶升电机组82的帮助下，沿旋转轴81旋转约60°，用于帮助病患抬起上半身直至坐起。
在床体2的操作面靠近床头的部位设置有控制按钮组9，控制按钮组9包括上升、下降、伸出、收缩、坐起和紧急停止六个按钮，由护士、护工或病患家属一人单独即可操作。
如图21至图20至图19所示，本实施例所述的医疗转运床下床辅助过程如下：
S1-1、病患平卧在床体2上，护士、护工或病患家属操作控制按钮组9中的坐起按钮；顶升电机组82将背板8围绕旋转轴81逐渐旋转，病患的上半身逐渐被抬起；
S1-2、护士、护工或病患家属操作控制按钮组9中的上升按钮，两个旋转电机收缩四根悬缆，覆盖在床体2上的床垫7包裹着病患抬离床体2的上表面；
S1-3、护士、护工或病患家属操作控制按钮组9中的伸出按钮，伸缩电机组5中的第一伸缩电机51和第二伸缩电机52可分别向转运床床体2的操作面所在的方向伸出两个悬臂，同时床垫7和床垫7上的病患一起随着两个悬臂的伸出而伸出；
S1-4、护士、护工或病患家属操作控制按钮组9中的下降按钮，在悬臂中的两个旋转电机同时工作，释放四根悬缆以便降低床垫7的高度，可将病患放置在转运床外的其他表面，如手术台；
S1-5、将床垫7从病患身下抽离，至此完成下床操作。
如图19至图20至图21所示，本实施例所述的医疗转运床上床辅助过程如下：
S2-1、将床垫7放置在需要转运的病患身下；
S2-2、护士、护工或病患家属操作控制按钮组9中的上升按钮，在悬臂中的两个旋转电机同时工作，收缩四根悬缆以升高床垫7的高度，可将病患抬离其他表面，如病房病床；
S2-3、护士、护工或病患家属操作控制按钮组9中的收缩按钮，伸缩电机组5中的第一伸缩电机51和第二伸缩电机52同时收回悬臂，同时床垫7和床垫7上的病患一起随着两个悬臂的收回而收回；
S2-4、护士、护工或病患家属操作控制按钮组9中的下降按钮，释放四根悬缆以便降低床垫7的高度，可将病患放置在转运床的床体2上，至此完成上床操作。
可以理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据本发明的技术方案及本发明构思加以等同替换或改变，而所有这些改变或替换都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

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  1. 一种多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，包括床体、隔离罩和底盘，所述床体和所述隔离罩合并组成隔离舱，所述床体和所述隔离罩之间配置有第一顶升装置，所述第一顶升装置用于抬升所述隔离罩。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，所述第一顶升装置包括四根顶升杆，四根所述顶升杆位于所述床体的四角。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，所述隔离罩包括第一拱顶和第二拱顶，所述第一拱顶为透明材质，靠近所述床体的床头部分；所述第二拱顶包括内层和外层。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，在所述第二拱顶的所述内层和所述外层之间设置有第一陀螺仪，所述第一陀螺仪用于感测在所述第一顶升装置顶升期间所述隔离罩的倾斜角度的变化是否超过预设值。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，所述床体和所述底盘之间配置有第二顶升装置，所述第二顶升装置包括四根顶升杆。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的多功能医用负压床，其特征在于，在所述床体内设置有第二陀螺仪，所述第二陀螺仪用于感测在所述第二顶升装置顶升期间所述床体的倾斜角度的变化是否超过预设值。
  7. 如权利要求4或6所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，如果所述床体或所述隔离罩的倾斜角度大于所述预设值，则将四根所述顶升杆中绝对行程最落后的那根顶升杆的绝对行程重置为其他三根顶升杆的绝对行程的平均值。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，所述转运床还包括等离子消杀装置，所述等离子装置安装于所述床体的下表面，所述等离子消杀装置的出风口与所述底盘通过方形风琴管连接，所述等离子消杀装置的进风口与所述隔离舱通过弹簧管连接。
  9. 权利要求8所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，所述弹簧管被配置为对流经的空气进行加热或冷却。
  10. 权利要求1所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，所述床体和所述隔离罩通过铰链连接。
  11. 一种多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，包括床体、隔离罩和底盘，所述床体的上表面与所述隔离罩组成隔离舱，所述隔离罩包括第一拱顶和第二拱顶，所述第一拱顶由透明材料制作，所述第二拱顶包括内层和外层；所述床体的下表面安装等离子消杀装置，所述等离子消杀装置通过弹簧管连接所述隔离舱，所述弹簧管连接至所述内层和所述外层之间，所述内层上具有密集排布的气孔阵列。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，所述床体和所述隔离罩之间还包括框架，所述框架与所述隔离罩在所述床体的后侧面铰链连接，所述隔离罩沿所述铰链所在的轴旋转。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，所述框架的形状与所述床体和所述隔离罩相同，在所述框架和所述床体之间设置有第一顶升装置，所述顶升装置包括四根顶升杆，四根所述顶升杆用于调节所述框架和所述床体之间的距离。
  14. 如权利要求11或13所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，所述床体和所述底盘之间设置有第二顶升装置，所述第二顶升装置包括四根顶升杆，四根所述顶升杆用于调节所述床体和所述底盘之间的距离。
  15. 如权利要求11所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，所述转运床还包括心电监护仪，所述心电监护仪被配置在所述床体内部，所述心电监护仪的主体被配置在抽屉内，传感器和导线通过所述床体上的孔连接躺卧的病人。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，所述心电监护仪还包括一块副屏，所述副屏设置在所述第二拱顶的外层表面，所述副屏被配置为当所述心电监护仪所在的抽屉被关闭时，显示所述心电监护仪的操作界面和数据。
  17. 如权利要求13所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，在所述第二拱顶的内层和外层之间设置有第一陀螺仪，所述第一陀螺仪用于监测所述隔离罩在所述第一顶升装置顶升期间的倾斜角度是否超过第一预设值。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，如果所述隔离罩的倾斜角度超过所述第一预设值，则根据所述第一顶升装置的四个顶升杆的绝对行程，将行程最落后的那个顶升杆的绝对行程重置为剩余三根顶升杆的绝对行程的平均值。
  19. 权利要求14所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，在所述床体和所述底盘的中间设置有第二陀螺仪，所述第二陀螺仪被配置为感测所述床体相对于所述底盘的水平程度。
  20. 权利要求14所述的多功能医用转运床，其特征在于，在所述第一顶升装置和所述第二顶升装置被配置为具有防夹功能，所述防夹功能被配置为由红外传感器或电容传感器实现。
  21. 一种等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，包括进风口、初效过滤器、风机、等离子发生器、高效过滤器和出风口，当所述医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置工作在正压隔离模式时，气流顺序依次为进风口、初效过滤器、风机、等离子消毒单元、活性炭、高效过滤器和出风口；当所述医疗转运床用等离子消毒装置工作在负压隔离模式时，气流顺序依次为进风口、高效过滤器、风机、等离子消毒单元、活性炭、初效过滤器和出风口。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，所述出风口连接多根弹簧管，所述弹簧管用于支撑所述弹簧管内外的压力差。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，所述初效过滤器包括活性炭。
  24. 如权利要求22所述的等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，所述弹簧管还用于加热或冷却管内流经的空气。
  25. 如权利要求21所述的等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，所述等离子消毒单元包含放电针和等离子发生筒，放电针放置在等离子发生筒内部中心位置，放电针的放电端点到等离子发生筒的边缘上的任何点距离相同；放电针配置为高电位，等离子发生筒配置为低电位。
  26. 如权利要求21所述的等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，所述高效过滤器的两侧设置有压差传感器。
  27. 一种医疗转运床，包含如权利要求21-26任一所述的等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，所述医疗转运床还包括床体、屏蔽舱和底盘，所述底盘和所述床体之间设置顶升机构，所述顶升机构用于调节所述床体与所述底盘之间的距离，所述等离子消毒装置固定设置在床体下面，所述等离子消毒装置的进风口平行于地面。
  28. 一种用于医疗转运床的正压隔离转负压隔离的转换方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
    提供如权利要求27所述的医疗转运床；
    观察或记录所述压差传感器数值；
    停止所述风机运转；
    如果所述压差传感器数值超过阈值，更换所述高效过滤器；
    交换初效过滤器和高效过滤器的位置；
    重新打开所述风机并反转风叶旋转方向。
  29. 一种用于医疗转运床的负压隔离转正压隔离的转换方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
    提供如权利要求27所述的医疗转运床；
    观察或记录所述压差传感器数值；
    停止所述风机运转；
    如果所述压差传感器数值超过阈值，更换所述高效过滤器；
    交换初效过滤器和高效过滤器的位置；
    重新打开所述风机并反转风叶旋转方向；
    向所述屏蔽舱内喷洒液体消毒剂。
  30. 一种用于医疗转运床的正负压隔离的双向转换方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
    提供如权利要求27所述的医疗转运床；
    停止所述风机运转；
    整体反转所述等离子消毒装置；
    重新打开所述风机；
    向所述屏蔽舱内喷洒液体消毒剂。
  31. 一种等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，包括进风口、初效过滤器、风机、等离子发生器、高效过滤器和出风口，所述初效过滤器包括活性炭，所述进风口、所述初效过滤器、所述风机、所述等离子发生器、所述高效过滤器和所述出风口依次连接，或者，所述进风口、所述高效过滤器、所述风机、所述等离子发生器、所述初效过滤器和所述出风口依次连接，所述高效过滤器的两侧设置有压差传感器，所述风机为双向风机。
  32. 如权利要求41所述的等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，所述等离子消毒单元包含放电针和等离子发生筒，放电针放置在等离子发生筒内部中心位置，放电针的放电端点到等离子发生筒的边缘上的任何点距离相同；放电针配置为高电位，等离子发生筒配置为低电位。
  33. 如权利要求41所述的等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，还包括人机界面，所述人机界面为触摸显示屏，所述触摸显示屏用于显示所述等离子消毒装置的工况和接受工作指令。
  34. 如权利要求41所述的等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，还包括高压模块，所述高压模块用于所述等离子发生器产生高电压。
  35. 如权利要求41所述的等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，当所述等离子消毒装置工作在正压隔离模式时，气流顺序依次为进风口、初效过滤器、风机、等离子发生器、高效过滤器和出风口。
  36. 如权利要求41所述的等离子消毒装置，其特征在于，当所述等离子消毒装置工作在负压隔离模式时，气流顺序依次为进风口、高效过滤器、风机、等离子发生器、活性炭、初效过滤器和出风口。
  37. 一种医疗转运床，其特征在于，包含如权利要求41-46任一所述的等离子消毒装置，所述医疗转运床还包括床体、屏蔽舱和底盘，所述底盘和所述床体之间设置顶升机构，所述顶升机构用于调节所述床体与所述底盘之间的距离，所述等离子消毒装置固定设置在床体下面。
  38. 如权利要求47所述的医疗转运床，其特征在于，所述等离子消毒装置的进风口平行于地面。
  39. 如权利要求47所述的医疗转运床，其特征在于，所述等离子消毒装置的出风口连接多根弹簧管，所述弹簧管用于支撑所述弹簧管内外的压力差，所述弹簧管还用于加热或冷却管内流经的空气。
  40. 如权利要求49所述的医疗转运床，其特征在于，所述等离子消毒装置的出风口采用斜面设计，气流经过所述斜面时方向改变90°，气道由方形转为圆形。
  41. 一种医疗转运床用心电监护装置，其特征在于，包括主板、电源板、主屏、传感器模块、按键模块和记录存储模块，其中，所述电源板、所述主屏、所述传感器模块、所述按键模块和所述记录存储模块分别与所述主板连接，所述医疗转运床用心电监护装置还包括抽屉形外壳和金属支撑架，所述金属支撑架位于所述抽屉形外壳内部，将所述抽屉形外壳的内部空间分割为左右两个部分，所述抽屉形外壳的左边部分设置为线缆储存槽；所述右边部分再分割成右上、右中和右下三层，右上层用于容纳所述主屏，右中层用于安装所述电源板，右下层用于安装所述主板，其中由所述金属支撑架分割的各个内部子空间之间设置有一个或多个线缆孔，其余部分为封闭的。
  42. 根据权利要求51所述的医疗转运床用心电监护装置，其特征在于，所述心电监护装置还包括把手，所述把手设置在所述抽屉形外壳的外部，所述扳手为内嵌式。
  43. 根据权利要求51所述的医疗转运床用心电监护装置，其特征在于，所述心电监护装置还包括风扇和内部电池，所述内部电池和所述风扇连接在所述电源板上。
  44. 根据权利要求51所述的医疗转运床用心电监护装置，其特征在于，所述心电监护装置还包括报警单元、扬声器和指示灯，所述报警单元、所述扬声器和所述指示灯分别与所述按键模块连接。
  45. 根据权利要求1所述的医疗转运床用心电监护装置，其特征在于，所述记录存储模块包括USB接口和/或SD卡槽。
  46. 根据权利要求1所述的医疗转运床用心电监护装置，其特征在于，所述传感器模块包括血压传感器、血氧传感器、心电传感器、二氧化碳传感器和体温传感器，以及相对应的各组线缆，所述线缆用于连接相应的传感器和与所述主板相连的传感器接口板。
  47. 根据权利要求52所述的医疗转运床用心电监护装置，其特征在于，在所述抽屉形外壳远离所述把手的一侧外部设置弹簧钮。
  48. 一种医疗转运床，其特征在于，包括如权利要求51-58任一所述的心电监护装置，所述转运床还包括副屏，所述副屏设置在屏蔽罩不透明拱顶的外侧，所述副屏通过线缆与所述主板相连。
  49. 根据权利要求58所述的医疗转运床，其特征在于，所述心电监护装置还包括电源和信号接口，所述电源和信号接口设置在所述抽屉形外壳远离所述把手的一侧外部，所述电源接口与所述转运床的底盘上的电源控制器相连接。
  50. 一种医疗转运床的使用方法，其特征在于，提供如权利要求58-59任一医疗转运床，还包括以下步骤：
    S1、打开转运床屏蔽舱，拉开抽屉形外壳，露出心电监护装置面板；
    S2、按下心电监护装置面板上的电源开关按钮；
    S3、从线缆储存槽取出传感器线缆，把需要用的线缆从抽屉形外壳穿入转运床床体内部，再从病患躺卧的床板穿出；
    S4、将传感器线缆连接至病患身体的各个部位；
    S5、操作心电监护装置面板，开启各项监测功能；
    如果此时需要对病患进行转运，则：
    S6、关闭转运床的屏蔽舱，推入抽屉形外壳；此时心电监护装置正常工作，主屏熄灭，所要显示的内容在副屏上显示；
    S7、到达转运目的地后，再次打开转运床屏蔽舱，拉开抽屉形外壳，露出心电监护装置面板；此时副屏熄灭，主屏恢复显示。
  51. 一种具有上下床辅助装置的医疗转运床，其特征在于，包括底盘(1)、床体(2)、屏蔽罩(3)、升降电机组(4)、伸缩电机组(5)、悬缆组(6)、床垫(7)、背板(8)和控制按钮组(9)，其中，所述升降电机组(4)包括第一升降电机(41)、第二升降电机(42)、第三升降电机(43)和第四升降电机(44)；所述伸缩电机组(5)包括第一伸缩电机(51)和第二伸缩电机(52)；所述悬缆组(6)包括第一悬缆(61)、第二悬缆(62)、第三悬缆(63)和第四悬缆(64)；所述第一伸缩电机(51)固定安装于所述屏蔽罩(3)靠近床尾一侧的内框架上，所述第二伸缩电机(52)固定安装于所述屏蔽罩(3)靠近床头一侧的内框架上，分别在所述第一伸缩电机(51)和所述第二伸缩电机(52)伸出的悬臂中固定安装旋转电机，所述第一悬缆(61)、第二悬缆(62)、第三悬缆(63)和第四悬缆(64)的一端与所述旋转电机连接，另一端与所述床垫(7)的四个角固定连接。
  52. 根据权利要求61所述的医疗转运床，其特征在于，所述背板(8)设置在所述床体(2)靠近床头的部分，所述背板(8)的一边设置有旋转轴(81)，另一边通过一组顶升电机使得所述背板(8)围绕所述旋转轴(81)旋转。
  53. 根据权利要求61所述的医疗转运床，其特征在于，所述控制按钮组(9)包括上升、下降、伸出、收缩、坐起和紧急停止六个按钮。
  54. 根据权利要求61所述的医疗转运床，其特征在于，所述悬缆组(6)的材质为钢缆、铁链或尼龙绳中的一种。
  55. 根据权利要求61所述的医疗转运床，其特征在于，所述床垫(7)的材质为纺织的棉麻布或动物毛皮或与所述悬缆组(6)一体成形的尼龙板中的一种。
  56. 根据权利要求65所述的医疗转运床，其特征在于，在所述尼龙板的内部设置金属质的网状加强筋。
  57. 根据权利要求61所述的医疗转运床，其特征在于，所述伸缩电机组(5)的控制单元设置在所述床体(2)的内部，所述控制单元能分别获取所述第一伸缩电机(51)和所述第二伸缩电机(52)的绝对行程，当所述控制单元发现两个所述绝对行程之差超过预设数值时，所述控制单元会立刻停止所述第一伸缩电机(51)和所述第二伸缩电机(52)的当前动作，重设较慢那个伸缩电机的绝对行程与较快的那个相同，然后再重新启动所述第一伸缩电机(51)和所述第二伸缩电机(52)后继续动作。
  58. 根据权利要求61所述的医疗转运床，其特征在于，所述旋转电机的第二控制单元设置在所述床体(2)的内部，所述第二控制单元能分别获取所述第一悬缆(61)、第二悬缆(62)、第三悬缆(63)和第四悬缆(64)的绝对行程，当所述第二控制单元发现某个悬缆的绝对行程超过或落后其余三个悬缆的绝对行程的平均值时，所述第二控制单元会立刻停止所述旋转电机的当前动作，重设那个最快或最慢的悬缆的绝对行程至其余三根悬缆的绝对行程的平均值，然后再重新启动所述旋转电机。
  59. 一种用于医疗转运床的下床辅助方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1-1、提供如权利要求1-8任一所述的医疗转运床；
    S1-2、病患平卧在所述床体(2)上，操作所述控制按钮组(9)中的坐起按钮；顶升电机组(820将所述背板(8)围绕所述旋转轴(81)逐渐旋转，所述病患的上半身逐渐被抬起；
    S1-3、操作所述控制按钮组(9)中的上升按钮，两个所述旋转电机收缩四根所述悬缆，覆盖在所述床体(2)上的所述床垫(7)包裹着所述病患抬离所述床体(2)的上表面；
    S1-4、操作所述控制按钮组(9)中的伸出按钮，所述伸缩电机组(5)中的所述第一伸缩电机(51)和所述第二伸缩电机(52)分别向所述转运床的所述床体(2)的操作面所在的方向伸出两个所述悬臂，同时所述床垫(7)和所述床垫7上的所述病患一起随着两个所述悬臂的伸出而伸出；
    S1-5、操作所述控制按钮组(9)中的下降按钮，在所述悬臂中的两个所述旋转电机同时工作，释放四根所述悬缆以便降低所述床垫(7)的高度，将所述病患放置在所述转运床外的其他表面。
  60. 一种用于医疗转运床的上床辅助方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S2-1、提供如权利要求1-8任一所述的医疗转运床；
    S2-2、将所述床垫(7)放置在需要转运的病患身下；
    S2-3、操作所述控制按钮组(9)中的上升按钮，在所述悬臂中的两个所述旋转电机同时工作，收缩四根所述悬缆以升高所述床垫(7)的高度，将病患抬离其他表面；
    S2-4、操作所述控制按钮组(9)中的收缩按钮，所述伸缩电机组(5)中的所述第一伸缩电机(51)和所述第二伸缩电机(52)同时收回悬臂，同时所述床垫(7)和所述床垫(7)上的所述病患一起随着两个所述悬臂的收回而收回；
    S2-5、操作所述控制按钮组(9)中的下降按钮，释放四根所述悬缆以便降低所述床垫(7)的高度，将所述病患放置在所述转运床的所述床体(2)上。
PCT/CN2022/096509 2022-05-16 2022-06-01 一种多功能医用转运床 WO2023221180A1 (zh)

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