WO2023218115A1 - Composición para fomentar la fotoprotección y la regeneración cutánea mediante transferencia fotónica secuencial (tfs) - Google Patents
Composición para fomentar la fotoprotección y la regeneración cutánea mediante transferencia fotónica secuencial (tfs) Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023218115A1 WO2023218115A1 PCT/ES2023/070306 ES2023070306W WO2023218115A1 WO 2023218115 A1 WO2023218115 A1 WO 2023218115A1 ES 2023070306 W ES2023070306 W ES 2023070306W WO 2023218115 A1 WO2023218115 A1 WO 2023218115A1
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- SZCBXWMUOPQSOX-PSXNNQPNSA-N violaxanthin Chemical compound C(\[C@@]12[C@](O1)(C)C[C@H](O)CC2(C)C)=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/[C@]1(C(C[C@@H](O)C2)(C)C)[C@]2(C)O1 SZCBXWMUOPQSOX-PSXNNQPNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
- A61K8/4973—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom
- A61K8/498—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom having 6-membered rings or their condensed derivatives, e.g. coumarin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/31—Hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/34—Alcohols
- A61K8/347—Phenols
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
- A61K8/361—Carboxylic acids having more than seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain; Salts or anhydrides thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
- A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
- A61K8/494—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
- A61Q17/04—Topical preparations for affording protection against sunlight or other radiation; Topical sun tanning preparations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/58—Metal complex; Coordination compounds
Definitions
- the present invention falls within the field of biotechnology and refers to compositions that combine organic compounds capable of absorbing ultraviolet (UV) sunlight to convert it into red light, promoting photoprotection against solar radiation and broad-spectrum skin regeneration. .
- UV ultraviolet
- the photoprotective effect is due to the compounds in these compositions capable of absorbing UV light, while the regenerative effect is due to the final emission of red light from the combination of compounds, which, finally, activates a temporary production of non-lethal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) sufficient to stimulate homeostasis and regeneration programs.
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- compositions of this type present on the market are mostly simple moisturizing creams that contain various types of additional molecules, usually synthetic, such as retinoids, coenzyme Q10, antioxidants, growth factors, collagens, alpha and beta hydroxy acids or peptides such as acetyl hexapeptide. -8 (ArgilerineTM) or matrichines (Matryxil®).
- additional molecules usually synthetic, such as retinoids, coenzyme Q10, antioxidants, growth factors, collagens, alpha and beta hydroxy acids or peptides such as acetyl hexapeptide. -8 (ArgilerineTM) or matrichines (Matryxil®).
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- O2 molecular oxygen
- H2O water
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- the production of ROS has a hermetic effect, so that its accumulation above a critical threshold is toxic, while at concentrations below this threshold they can function as signaling molecules.
- the excessive and recurrent accumulation of these compounds in cells and tissues induces oxidative stress, causally involved in the development of multiple diseases, including cancer, and in the aging process.
- low levels of ROS can play essential roles, functioning as second messengers, being involved in the regulation of physiological processes such as proliferation, differentiation and cell survival.
- ROS act as second messengers that regulate molecular mechanisms in the processes of homeostasis and skin regeneration in mammals.
- the controlled activation of the production of non-lethal levels of ROS in the tissue promotes the activation of the proliferation and differentiation programs of the resident stem cell niches, stimulating physiological processes such as the healing of burns and wounds or hair growth.
- This controlled activation of ROS in the tissue is carried out by a photodynamic process that uses a photosensitive compound or photosensitizer and light of an appropriate wavelength to produce ROS from molecular oxygen (Figure 1 A).
- this photodynamic process is aimed at stimulating the activation of a controlled production of ROS by the endogenous photosensitizer Protoporphynna IX (PplX), present in all eukaryotic cells.
- PplX endogenous photosensitizer Protoporphynna IX
- This photodynamic process requires the incorporation of PplX precursors into the biological substrate, such as the natural amino acid aminolevulinic acid (ALA), or its methylated precursor, methyl-aminolevulinate (m-ALA), in order to increase basal cellular levels of PplX. and subsequent irradiation with red light, which photostimulates specifically to PplX to produce ROS (Figure 1 B).
- ALA amino acid aminolevulinic acid
- m-ALA methyl-aminolevulinate
- red light which photostimulates specifically to PplX to produce ROS
- a critical limitation of this photodynamic process for the implementation of processes/methods or the development of products to promote skin homeostasis and regeneration at a cosmetic or pharmacological level is the need to use an autonomous source of red light applied to the tissue to intracellularly photostimulate the production of ROS based on PplX, since red light radiation from the sun does not have enough power to activate the process.
- the present invention is based on a sequential photonic transfer (SFT) process between organic compounds by which the absorption, by a first organic compound, of photons of a certain wavelength and the subsequent emission by the first compound occurs.
- organic compound of photons of different wavelength typically longer than that of the initial photon, which can subsequently be absorbed by a second adjacent organic compound to in turn emit photons of even longer wavelength.
- the chemical structure of each compound determines the corresponding photonic absorption and emission ranges.
- a certain combination of organic compounds can, depending on their chemical characteristics, sequentially couple the absorption and emission of photons of different wavelengths.
- the TFS process allows the absorption of incident ultraviolet light from solar radiation, specifically UVB/UVA (between 280 and 400 nm), by a first organic compound and the subsequent emission by the first organic blue/green light photon compound (450-570 nm), where these blue/green light photons are in turn absorbed to become red light photons (between 620 and 780 nm).
- This mechanism of converting ultraviolet light photons into red light photons prevents the excessive incidence of UVB/UVA rays on the skin, thus achieving a photoprotective effect.
- the present invention contemplates coupling said TFS mechanism, where photons of ultraviolet light (UVB/UVA) are initially absorbed and where photons of red light are finally emitted, with the transient activation of an endogenous production of ROS in biological systems, particularly mammalian cells and tissues, through intracellular photostimulation of a photosensitive/photosensitizing compound by the red light generated in the TFS process ( Figure 2).
- photosensitive/photosensitizing compound is understood to be that compound capable of producing ROS in the presence of oxygen when irradiated with light of a suitable wavelength, and which is administered externally (exogenous photosensitizer).
- a photosensitive/photosensitizing compound suitable for use in the context of the invention is Protoporphyrin IX (PplX) or its precursors. This second mechanism, of sequential photonic transfer in the skin, allows regulating and stimulating physiological functions of homeostasis and skin regeneration.
- a second mechanism allows sequential photonic transfer in the skin, using UVB/UVA light photons from solar radiation (the most energetic that reach the Earth's surface) to produce a high generation of red light photons on the surface of the epidermis, reaching sufficient irradiance to reach the cells of the inner layers of the skin and photostimulate PplX, thus activating the production of non-lethal levels, signaling ROS in the tissue.
- the invention refers to a composition that comprises at least one organic compound capable of absorbing UVB/A light (280-400 nm) and emitting blue/green light (450-570 nm), and at least one organic compound capable of absorbing blue/green light (450-570 nm) and emitting red light (620-780 nm).
- the at least one organic compound capable of absorbing UVB/A light (280-400 nm) and emitting blue/green light (450-570 nm) is selected from the group consisting of polyphenols, flavonoids , cannabinoids, and combinations thereof.
- Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that have an overall chemical structure with a 15-carbon skeleton containing ketones, where the overall structure consists of two phenyl rings and a heterocyclic ring that includes an embedded oxygen. This chemical structure defines the absorption and emission spectral characteristics of these compounds. According to the IUPAC nomenclature, flavonoids can be classified into bioflavonoids, isoflavonoids, and neoflavonoids.
- bioflavonoids also known simply as flavonoids, and which include flavones, flavonols, flavonones and anthocyanidins
- flavonoids are derivatives of a 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone) structure.
- the bioflavonoids are selected from the group consisting of luteolin, apigenin, tangeritin, quercetin, mohna, kaempferol, myricetin, fosetin, galangin, isorhamnetin, pachypodol, ramnazine, pyronoflavonols, furanoflavonols, hesperetin, naringerin, eriodictyol, homoeriodictyol, taxifolin, anticanidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, flavan-3-ol, flavan-4- ol, flavan-3,4-diol, proanthocyanidins.
- isoflavonoids are derivatives of the 3-phenylchromen-4-one (3-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone) structure.
- isoflavonoids are selected from the group consisting of genistein, daidzein, glycitein, equol, lonchocarpane, laxiflorane, phytoestrogens.
- neoflavonoids are derivatives of the 4-phenylcoumarin (4-phenyl-1,2-benzopyrone) structure.
- the neoflavonoids are selected from the group consisting of neoflavones (calophyllolide), neoflavenes (dalbergichromene), coutareagenin, dalbergin, nivetin.
- cannabinoids also called phytocannabinoids
- cannabinoids are a mixed group of polyketide compounds, derived from malonyl-CoA and hexanoyl-CoA units prenylated with geranyl phosphate, with a main characteristic multiring C21 terpenophenolic skeleton. This general chemical structure delimits the absorption and emission spectral characteristics of these compounds.
- cannabichromene cannabidiol
- CBD canna-bielsoin
- CBE cannabigerol
- CBG cannabicyclol
- CBN cannabinol
- CBND cannabitriol
- CBT cannabitriol
- the at least one organic compound capable of absorbing UVB/A light (280-400 nm) and emitting blue/green light (450-570 nm) is selected from the group consisting of morin, quercetin , cannabidiol, cannabinol, cannabichromene, and combinations thereof.
- the at least one organic compound capable of absorbing blue/green light (450-570 nm) and emitting red light (620-780 nm) is selected from the group consisting of carotenoids. , xanthenes, chlorophylls, oleic acids, and combinations thereof.
- carotenoids are tetraterpenoids that have a general chemical structure of a polyene hydrocarbon chain consisting of 9-11 bonds that can terminate in derivatives of the benzene ring. This general chemical structure delimits the absorption and emission spectral characteristics of these compounds.
- the length of the polyene tail determines the wavelength of the light absorbed and emitted.
- the Carotenoids can be selected from carotenes and xanthophylls.
- Carotenes are non-oxygenated carotenoids consisting of a polyunsaturated hydrocarbon skeleton with 40 carbon atoms, variable number of hydrogen atoms and no other elements, such as: alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, gamma-carotene, delta-carotene, lycopene.
- Xanthophylls are oxygen-containing carotenes, such as: lutein, zeaxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, flavoxanthin, alpha and beta-critoxanthin.
- xanthenes are heterocyclic compounds derived from the xanthene moiety and consist of a xanthium or di-benzo-g-pyran nucleus as the chromophore nucleus with amino or hydroxyl meta to the oxygen. This chromophore structure delimits the absorption and emission spectral characteristics of these compounds.
- the xanthenes can be selected from fluoresceins, eosins, and rhodamines.
- chlorophylls consist of a chlorine ring, whose four nitrogen atoms surround a central magnesium atom, which can have different side chains and a hydrocarbon tail formed by a phytol aster.
- chlorophylls c1 and c2 the chlorine ring is replaced by a porphyrin ring.
- the rest of chlorine delimits the absorption and emission spectral characteristics of these compounds.
- the chlorophylls can be selected from chlorophylls A, B, C1, C2, D and F.
- oleic acid is a fatty acid classified as an omega monounsaturated fatty acid. -9, abbreviated with a lipid number of 18:1 cis-9, and a major product of A9 desaturase.
- the at least one organic compound capable of absorbing blue/green light (450-570 nm) and emitting red light (620-780 nm) is selected from the group consisting of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, chlorophyll C1, chlorophyll C2, chlorophyll D, chlorophyll F, and combinations thereof.
- the composition comprising at least one organic compound capable of absorbing UVB/A light (280-400 nm) and emitting blue/green light (450-570 nm), and at least one organic compound capable absorbing blue/green light (450-570 nm) and emitting red light (620-780 nm) is a composition that comprises: chlorophyll A and morin; or chlorophyll A and quercetin; or chlorophyll A and cannabidiol; or chlorophyll A and cannabichromene; or chlorophyll A, morine and cannabidiol; or chlorophyll A, morine and cannabichromene; or chlorophyll A, morin, cannabidiol and cannabichromene; or chlorophyll A, quercetin and cannabidiol; or chlorophyll A, quercetin and cannabichromene; or chlorophyll A, quercetin, cannabidiol and
- the composition further comprises at least one photosensitive compound, or a precursor thereof, capable of absorbing red light and stimulate the production of ROS.
- the at least one photosensitive compound, or precursor thereof, capable of absorbing red light and stimulating the production of ROS is Protoporphyrin IX (PplX), aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and/or methyl-aminolevulinate ( bad).
- the composition comprising at least one organic compound capable of absorbing LIVB/A light (280-400 nm) and emitting blue/green light (450-570 nm), at least one organic compound capable of absorbing blue/green light (450-570 nm) and emitting red light (620-780 nm), and at least one photosensitive compound, or a precursor thereof, capable of absorbing red light and stimulating the production of ROS is a composition comprising: morine and/or cannabidiol; chlorophyll A; and methyl-aminolevulinate (m-ALA).
- m-ALA methyl-aminolevulinate
- composition of the invention comprises, in additional embodiments, at least one additional sunscreen, of physical/mineral type and/or chemical type, where the physical/mineral type sunscreen can be, but is not limited to, oxide. zinc or titanium dioxide, and where the chemical sunscreen can be, but is not limited to, oxybenzone, avobenzone, octisalate, octocrylene, homosalate and/or octinoxate.
- the composition does not comprise lawsone.
- the composition is incorporated in a carrier system or in a cosmetic or pharmaceutically acceptable sustained release system that is selected from the group consisting of liposomes, mixed liposomes, oleosomes, niosomes, ethosomes, millicapsules, microcapsules, nanocapsules, sponges, ci clod extrins, vesicles, micelles, mixed surfactant micelles, mixed phospholipid-surfactant micelles, milliespheres, microspheres, nanospheres, lipospheres, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, miniparticles, milliparticles, microparticles, nanoparticles, lipid solid nanoparticles you say and nanostructured lipid supports.
- the composition is presented in a formulation selected from the group consisting of creams, multiple emulsions, anhydrous compositions, aqueous dispersions, oils, milks, balms, foams, lotions, gels, cream gels, hydroalcoholic solutions, hydroglycolic solutions, hydrogels, liniments, serums, soaps, shampoos, conditioners, serums, ointments, mousses, ointments, powders, sticks, pencils, vaporizers, and aerosols.
- the composition is incorporated into a product selected from the group consisting of sunscreen, dark circle concealers, makeup funds, lotions. makeup removers, makeup remover milks, eye shadows, lipsticks, lip glosses, lip balms and powders.
- Another aspect of the invention refers to the topical use on skin of the combination of organic compounds capable of promoting sequential photonic transfer between UV light and red light, and precursors of PplX, to promote physiological stimulation of the ROS-dependent tissue, encompassing the activation of the proliferation and differentiation programs of tissue stem cell niches and already differentiated cells in the epidermis and dermis, with cosmetic or pharmaceutical applications.
- Repair or improvement means stopping, reversing, improving, diminishing and/or reducing defects, imperfections or unaesthetic conditions of the skin, including, but not limited to: fine or deep wrinkles, stretch marks, crow's feet, dark circles, hair loss, spider veins, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, discoloration, age spots, loss of skin shine, freckles, blemishes, tissue fragility, dryness, cracks, tactile roughness, atopic dermatitis, acne, rosacea, psoriasis and eczema.
- tissue's stem cell niches mainly fibroblasts, keratinocytes, Merkel cells, Langerhans cells and melanocytes.
- these applications include the stimulation of cellular production of components of the dermal extracellular matrix, mainly collagens and elastins, to promote the smoothness and firmness of the skin and the elimination of wrinkles, as well as the stimulation of cell niches. mother of the epidermis to promote regeneration and maintenance of skin tone, and the stimulation of the stem cell niches of the hair follicle to prevent hair loss or to induce hair growth.
- the invention relates to a composition according to what is described above for use as a medicine. Furthermore, the invention relates to a composition according to what is described above for use in the treatment of defects, imperfections or unaesthetic conditions of the skin, comprising fine or deep wrinkles, stretch marks, crow's feet, dark circles, loss of hair, spider veins, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, discoloration, age spots, loss of skin shine, freckles, imperfections, tissue fragility, dryness, cracks, tactile roughness, acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and eczema. Additionally, the invention relates to a composition as described above for use in the treatment of the effects of solar radiation on human skin, including sunburns and sun spots.
- Another aspect of the invention refers to the topical use on skin of the combination of organic compounds capable of promoting sequential photonic transfer between UV light and red light to promote photoprotection of the tissue against solar radiation LIVB/A to prevent and/or repair sunburns and spots, as well as other deleterious effects of overexposure of the skin to solar radiation such as premature tissue aging or skin cancer.
- the invention relates to a non-therapeutic use of a composition as described above as a skin photoprotector. Additionally, the invention relates to a non-therapeutic method for skin photoprotection comprising topically applying a composition as described above.
- the composition for use as a sunscreen is a composition with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least SPF-20, of at least SPF-25, of at least SPF-30, of at least SPF-35, at least SPF-40, at least SPF-45, or at least SPF-50.
- SPPF sun protection factor
- flavonoids or cannabinoids alone are capable of protecting cells in cultures against UVB radiation, but not of stimulating the proliferation or synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins
- Chlorophyll by itself is neither capable of protecting against UVB radiation nor of stimulating cells in any sense, which de facto implies the existence of a sequential photonic transfer process (SFT) that is finally coupled to the intracellular production of non-lethal levels of ROS.
- SFT sequential photonic transfer process
- the present invention postulates the innovative idea of using a Sequential Photonic Transfer (SFT) process between compounds of plant origin, coupled with a transient and stimulating production of ROS in the skin, as a basis for designing topically applied dermocosmetic compositions/products that effectively promote broad-spectrum photoprotection and skin regeneration.
- SFT Sequential Photonic Transfer
- the inventors have defined Sequential Photonic Transfer (SFT) as a process that involves the absorption by an organic compound of photons of a certain wavelength and the subsequent emission by this compound of photons of a different length, typically longer in the electromagnetic spectrum than that of the initial photon. The emitted photons can subsequently be absorbed by another adjacent organic compound to in turn emit even longer wavelength photons.
- each compound involved determines the corresponding photonic absorption and emission ranges.
- a certain combination of organic compounds can, depending on their chemical characteristics, sequentially couple the absorption and emission of photons of different wavelengths.
- UVB/UVA ultraviolet light
- the inventors propose the design and use of combinations of natural compounds of plant origin, to capture photons of ultraviolet light (UVB/UVA), which are the most energetic in the world. electromagnetic spectrum in the visible region, and convert them into red light photons capable of effectively activating the production of ROS through photostimulation at the skin level of PplX or its precursors.
- a compound A or a combination of compounds A on the surface of the skin would be capable of absorbing photons of UV light, emitting photons of blue light, with a photoprotective effect, and a compound B or combination of compounds B, adjacent to compound A. Also on the surface of the skin, it would absorb these blue light photons, emitting red light. Finally, these red light photons would pass through the skin epithelium to activate a compound C (PplX, or its precursors) to produce levels of ROS in the presence of molecular oxygen present in the cells, thus stimulating skin regeneration (Figure 2). Based on their molecular characteristics, the inventors have identified several groups of plant compounds that would meet the requirements of the sequential photonic transfer (SFT) process:
- Flavonoids with absorption peaks in UVA and UVB and emission of blue light photons when excited with UV light.
- UVA and UVB with absorption peaks in UVA and UVB complementary to those of flavonoids and emission of blue light photons when excited with UV light.
- flavonoids typically present absorption peaks around 260 and 380 nm, while cannabinoids present absorption peaks between 230 and 300 nm ( Figure 3A).
- chlorophylls chlorophylls (chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B) present absorption peaks in the blue region of the visible spectrum around 450 nm ( Figure 3B).
- the emission capacity at 460 nm blue light
- the emission capacity at 625 nm red light
- Tetrazolium, NBT Tetrazolium
- NBT is a molecular sensor specific for the production of superoxide anion, the first type of ROS produced during the reduction of molecular oxygen to generate water.
- superoxide anion a colorless molecule in the reduced state, is oxidized to give rise to a chromophore with an absorption peak at 540 nm.
- the culture of the cell line was carried out following standard protocols (Ng W, Ikeda S. “Standardized, Defined Serum-Free Culture of a Human Skin Equivalent on Fibroblast- Populated Collagen Scaffold”. Acta Derm Venereol. 91:387-91, 2011 ).
- the cell line used was grown in DMEM culture medium (“Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium”) without pyruvate (Gibco), supplemented with 2 mM Gibco L-glutamine), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, “Fetal Bovine Serum”). ) (Gibco) and antibiotic with antifungal diluted 1X (Gibco).
- Peth plates with a surface area of 100 cm2 were used as well as 6-well multiwell plates (MW6, Falcon), respectively, treated for the cell adhesion.
- the cells were maintained at a confluency of 20-90%, the culture medium being renewed every other day and the subcultures being carried out (when reaching 70-80% of confluence) by disaggregating the cells with Trypsin-EDTA (Sigma-Aldrich) depending on the doubling time of each of the lines.
- Trypsin-EDTA Sigma-Aldrich
- cells were also seeded on 12 mm diameter round glass coverslips (Superior Marienfeld) placed in the 6-well multiwell plates, for subsequent protein immunolocalization analyses.
- the same number of cells (700,000) was seeded in 6-well multiwell plates (MW6, Falcon). After seeding, cell cultures were maintained in complete medium for 24 hours until reaching 80-90% confluency. After this time, the complete medium was removed and the cell cultures were incubated with a combination of 1.6 mM Morina (Sigma) or 1 mM Cannabidiol and 1.11 mM Chlorophyll A (Sigma) and 0.1 mM m-ALA in complete DMEM medium without FBS for 4 hours in the dark at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2.
- the culture plates were irradiated with a 311 nm wavelength ultraviolet B light source (Dermalight 200, Dr Hónle Medizintechnik) for 5 minutes.
- the negative controls were carried out in the absence of m-ALA, chlorophyll, would die, cannabidiol and light.
- the culture medium was removed, the cells were washed with PBS (“Phosphate-Buffered Saline”) and kept in fresh complete DMEM medium until further analysis. All plates were kept in culture until the cell samples were collected at 4, 24 and 48 hours to carry out the different assays.
- the samples were incubated with the corresponding primary antibody (rabbit-anti-K ⁇ 67 and mouse-anti-yH2AX) diluted 1:100 in PBS-BSA O/N at 4 °C in a humid chamber.
- the coverslips were incubated with the corresponding secondary antibody (Alexa FluorTM 546 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) or Alexa FluorTM 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L), Life Technologies) at a 1:200 dilution in PSB-BSA and DAPI (5 ng/ml, Sigma-Aldrich) for counterstaining cell nuclei for 1 hour at RT in the dark.
- the samples were mounted with Prolong aqueous mounting medium (Invitrogen).
- Prolong aqueous mounting medium Invitrogen.
- the Nikon fluorescence microscope model Eclipse Ci-L 100-240V 0.2A 50/60Hz coupled to a Progress CCD camera (Gryphax) was used by excitation of the corresponding fluorochrome. viability in fibroblast culture by crystal violet staining
- the cells were stained with crystal violet (Feoktistova, M., Geserick, P., & Leverkus, M. (2016) Crystal Violet Assay for Determining Viability of Cultured Cells. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, 2016(4), pdb.prot087379).
- crystal violet Feoktistova, M., Geserick, P., & Leverkus, M. (2016) Crystal Violet Assay for Determining Viability of Cultured Cells. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, 2016(4), pdb.prot087379).
- crystal violet Crystal Violet
- Pl Propidium Iodide stain
- Pl is a fluorogenic compound that binds stoichimetrically to nucleic acids, so its fluorescence is proportional to the DNA and RNA that a cell contains and that decreases when cells enter apoptosis (Riccardi, C., & Nicoletti, I (2006). Analysis of apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Nature Protocols, 1 (3), 1458- 1461).
- the cell supernatants together with the cell suspension collected by trypsinization were centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes, and the cell pellets obtained were fixed with cold 70% ethanol for 16 hours at -20° C. Subsequently, the samples were centrifuged at 200 G (rcf) for 10 minutes at 4° C and, after being washed with PBS cold, they were resuspended in a PBS solution with the following staining mixture: propidium iodide (1 mg/ml), DNase-free RNase (10 pg/mL) and Triton 0.1% (v/v) in PBS. Finally, the samples were transferred to 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes and incubated at 37°C for 15 minutes. The final samples were stored at 4°C until analysis by flow cytometry (UAM Cytometry Service).
- RNA was carried out from them with the RNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen), following the instructions of the commercial house.
- concentration and purity of mRNA was quantified by determining its absorbance, using a drop spectrophotometer (SimpliNanoTM), and a RT-PCR was carried out for the generation of cDNA using the FastGene Scriptase Basic cDNS Synthesis Kit (NIPPON Genetics EUROPE ).
- the determination of the optical density was carried out using Tecan's Surnrise absorbance microplate reader at 450 and 570nm. After determining the optical densities, the absorbances obtained at 450 nm and 570 nm were subtracted and a standard line was created to interpolate the data obtained from the different conditions.
- LDH lactate dehydrogenase
- the control (without irradiation and without treatment) does not show expression of histone vH2AX at any of the times studied.
- irradiation with UVB light induces the expression of the damage histone vH2AX, significantly decreasing in cells treated with the combination of chlorophyll A and mohna, 48 hours after UVB irradiation.
- cells treated with concomitant treatment with mohna, chlorophyll A and m-ALA did not show vH2AX expression in response to UVB radiation, suggesting a clear protective effect of this complete treatment against damage. caused by UVB irradiation.
- the complete treatment leads to a drastic reduction in cell death in response to UVB irradiation, both at 24 and 48 h, registering death levels similar to control cells, and demonstrating a clear protective effect of the complete treatment against damage caused by UVB irradiation.
- m-ALA is used, which is incorporated into the biosynthetic pathway of the heme group, leading to the formation of the endogenous photosensitizer PplX, and that its irradiation with light of appropriate wavelength (635 nm) leads to the generation of non-lethal doses of ROS, which induce an increase in cell proliferation (Carrasco, E., Blázquez-Castro, A., Calvo, MI, Juarranz, ⁇ ., & Espada, J. (2016). Switching on a transient endogenous ROS production in mammalian cells and tissues.
- Figure 13 shows that, in accordance with the result obtained in the flow cytometry assay, the presence of the proliferation marker K ⁇ 67 increases in fibroblasts incubated with the complete treatment containing m-ALA compared to cells alone. irradiated with UVB light and remaining similar to the control (non-irradiated and untreated) in cells treated with chlorophyll A, morin without m-ALA. Furthermore, the presence of the K ⁇ 67 marker decreases in the culture of fibroblasts only irradiated with UVB light and does not increase in those treated with chlorophyll A and morin.
- UVB radiation induces damage in dermal fibroblasts as a consequence of the elevated generation of ROS, leading to a decrease in the production and remodeling of ECM related to the decrease in collagen (Rittié, L., & Fisher, GJ ( 2015). Natural and sun-induced aging of human skin.
- Example 3 Validation in a second experimental skin model of the efficiency of the TFS process to promote UV photoprotection and skin regeneration
- Organotypic cultures of human skin mainly in their early stages of establishment, constitute an experimental model that recapitulates at a molecular and cellular level in a very approximate way the potential physiological responses of skin tissue in vivo when subjected to different stimuli or exposure to factors. exogenous/xenobiotics. It is the model of choice to replace living organisms recommended by the EMA, the FDA and other international organizations to validate and evaluate the effectiveness of drugs and cosmetics.
- Wound repair and regeneration official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society, 23(5), 685-702), and were incubated with different combinations of the natural extracts cannabidiol (CBD) and/or morin and chlorophyll A. After 24 hours of Incubation with these phytocompounds, Metvix® (methyl aminolevulinate) was applied to the epidermis of the HSOCs, as a precursor of PplX, for 2 and a half hours prior to UVB irradiation.
- CBD cannabidiol
- Metvix® methyl aminolevulinate
- an irradiation range between 6 and 12 J was chosen, which corresponds to an exposure time range between 5 and 10 minutes, based on to the bibliography (Masuma, R., Kashima, S., Kurasaki, M., & Okuno, T. (2013). Effects of UV wavelength on cell damages caused by UV irradiation in PC12 cells. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B , Biology, 125, 202-208).
- Figure 15 shows that the skin sample only irradiated with UVB light presented a clear dermo-epidermal separation, with a discontinuous pattern and associated with epidermal ridges, as well as as the presence of edema in the dermis, already with 6 J of irradiation, which increases proportionally after 12 J of irradiation, a dose that also causes alteration of the typical cubic morphology of the keratinocytes of the basal stratum.
- FIGURES Figure 1 A) Schematic representation of the photodynamic therapy procedure, in which three elements are used, a photosensitive agent (PS), light of appropriate wavelength capable of being absorbed by the PS (red arrow) and molecular oxygen, to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS).
- PS photosensitive agent
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- Figure 2 Schematic representation of the sequential photonic transfer process in the skin.
- Figure 4 Quantification of in vitro ROS production measured as absorbance at 540 nm of the compound Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) oxidized by the production of singlet oxygen in hydroalcoholic solutions of different combinations of compounds under basal or excited conditions. UV (310 nm) or red (635 nm) light. Results are expressed as the mean +/- standard deviation of three independent experiments. *, P ⁇ 0.5; ***, P ⁇ 0.01 (PplX: Protoporphyrin IX; Mn: Morin; CBD: cannabidiol; Cl: chlorophyll A).
- FIG. 15 Histological sections of HSOC, treated with the different described combinations of phytocompounds and irradiated with UVB, stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining and visualized by bright field microscopy.
- H-E hematoxylin-eosin
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