WO2023217963A1 - Schaltvorrichtung mit hauptkontakte und zumindest zwei hilfskontakten - Google Patents
Schaltvorrichtung mit hauptkontakte und zumindest zwei hilfskontakten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023217963A1 WO2023217963A1 PCT/EP2023/062605 EP2023062605W WO2023217963A1 WO 2023217963 A1 WO2023217963 A1 WO 2023217963A1 EP 2023062605 W EP2023062605 W EP 2023062605W WO 2023217963 A1 WO2023217963 A1 WO 2023217963A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- switching
- switching device
- contacts
- auxiliary contacts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
- H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
- H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
- H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
- H01H51/065—Relays having a pair of normally open contacts rigidly fixed to a magnetic core movable along the axis of a solenoid, e.g. relays for starting automobiles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
- H01H50/541—Auxiliary contact devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
- H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
- H01H51/29—Relays having armature, contacts, and operating coil within a sealed casing
Definitions
- the switching device is designed in particular as an electromagnetically acting, remotely operated switch that can be operated by electrically conductive current.
- the switching device can be activated via a control circuit and can switch a load circuit.
- the switching device can be designed as a relay or as a contactor, in particular as a power contactor.
- the switching device can be designed as a gas-filled power contactor.
- a possible application of such switching devices, in particular power contactors, is the opening and disconnecting of battery circuits, for example in motor vehicles such as electrically or partially electrically operated motor vehicles or in applications in the field of renewable energies.
- a contactor In its function as a safety component, a contactor, for example, is normally additionally monitored, with contactor monitoring being regulated in the IEC 60947-5-1 standard.
- Contactor monitoring is intended, for example, to detect the most common fault in contactors, relays and switches, namely so-called sticking, i.e. welding of the main contacts.
- Such a fault also known as contactor glue, can be caused, for example, by arcs that form between the contacts during switching operations under load and This can cause such high temperatures on the contact surfaces that the contact surfaces are welded together.
- further error states can be detected, for example if a contact is mechanically blocked in an open position or in an intermediate state.
- Typical contactors are designed as so-called overstroke systems. This means that after the main contacts have been interconnected by the switching bridge and thus electrically closed, the movement of the closing system continues, with a usually spring-loaded pressure of the switching bridge increasing on the main contacts. In the case of a contactor adhesive, this overtravel is reduced again, but the switching bridge remains attached to at least one main contact. The mechanical system is therefore in an intermediate state and is neither open nor properly closed.
- Monitoring or contactor adhesive detection can be carried out, for example, by means of a voltage measurement via the main contacts of the contactor. If there is voltage between the main contacts, it follows that the contactor is open. If there is no voltage, it follows that the contactor is short-circuited and therefore closed. Although this method is very safe, it is also expensive to use because cables that carry high-voltage potential have to be laid and appropriately insulated.
- Monitoring is usually carried out by a higher-level system, such as a microcontroller-controlled analog-to-digital converter. For example, it is also known to use a microswitch in the switching chamber of the contactor, which is operated by a small arm on the switching bridge. The boom operates the switch just before the switching bridge is pressed to the main contacts.
- the switch can be designed as a normally open contact (closed when pressed) or as a normally closed contact (open when pressed).
- the signal from the microswitch can therefore also be designed to be inverted compared to the switching state of the contactor.
- a disadvantage of this solution is that the microswitch must be installed close to the main contacts within the switching chamber. This can sometimes influence arc extinction or cause insulation disadvantages.
- the monitoring contact formed by the cantilever and microswitch must be designed to be leading. This means that the monitoring contact changes its state before the main contact closes. This is because the microswitch still has to display the status “closed” when the overtravel during bonding has already been used up. This means that intermediate states or blockages cannot be detected.
- Another disadvantage is the service life of conventional microswitches, which depends on the Execution can only be a few 100,000 switching cycles. Furthermore, supply lines must be laid to the switch, which limits the use of completely hermetically sealed, ceramic discharge spaces.
- an auxiliary switch is known, for example from publication WO 2008/033349 A2, which is operated via a cantilever on the switching bridge, whereby, for example, two overlapping contacts can be pressed onto one another.
- the solution is simple, cost-effective and almost wear-free.
- it does contain it
- the disadvantage is that the overlapping contacts are placed between the main contacts and this can lead to insulation problems.
- supply lines must be laid to the auxiliary switch, which limits or makes the use of completely hermetically sealed ceramic discharge spaces impossible. The switching behavior is still the same as that of the microswitch.
- a switching device has at least one fixed contact and at least one movable contact.
- the at least one fixed contact and the at least one movable contact are provided and set up to switch on and off a load circuit that can be connected to the switching device.
- the switching device has at least two fixed contacts, which, together with the movable contact, are set up and intended to switch on and off a load circuit that can be connected to the switching device and in particular to the at least two fixed contacts.
- the switching device is usually described with two fixed contacts.
- the number of fixed contacts can deviate from the numbers specifically mentioned in the following embodiments and in relation to the features described below.
- the movable contact is movable in the switching device between a non-connecting state and a connecting state of the switching device such that the movable contact is in the non-connecting state
- Switching device is spaced from the at least one or the at least two fixed contacts and is therefore galvanically isolated and, in the switching state, has a mechanical contact to the at least one or the at least two fixed contacts and is therefore galvanically connected to them.
- the movable contact thus contacts the at least one or the at least two fixed contacts.
- the fixed contacts are thus arranged separately from one another in the switching device and, depending on the state of the movable contact, can be electrically conductively connected to one another by the movable contact or electrically separated from one another.
- the movable contact touches at least one contact surface of each of the fixed contacts with at least one contact surface.
- the distance of the movable contact, in particular the said contact surface of the movable contact, from the fixed contacts, in particular the said contact surfaces of the fixed contacts, in the non-switching and therefore separated state is also referred to here and below as the switching gap or switching path and gives the maximum The range of motion of the movable contact and thus the maximum achievable distance between the fixed contacts and the movable contact and in particular their contact surfaces to one another.
- the switching device has a switching chamber in which the movable contact and the at least one or the at least two fixed contacts are arranged.
- the movable contact can in particular be arranged completely in the switching chamber. That a fixed contact in the Switching chamber is arranged, can in particular mean that at least one contact area of the fixed contact, which is in mechanical contact with the movable contact in the switching state, is arranged within the switching chamber.
- a fixed contact arranged in the switching chamber can be electrically contacted from the outside, i.e. from outside the switching chamber.
- a part of a fixed contact arranged in the switching chamber can protrude from the switching chamber and have a connection option for a supply line outside the switching chamber.
- the switching chamber therefore preferably has openings through which the fixed contacts protrude into the switching chamber.
- the fixed contacts are, for example, soldered into the openings of the switching chamber and protrude both into the interior of the switching chamber and out of the switching chamber.
- the switching chamber can in particular have an interior that is surrounded by a switching chamber wall.
- the switching chamber can, for example, have a switching chamber cover and a switching chamber base, which can preferably completely surround the interior. This includes the case that there are openings in the switching chamber cover and/or in the switching chamber floor through which elements such as the fixed contacts protrude into the switching chamber and thus into the interior.
- the switching device has at least two auxiliary contacts which are arranged outside the switching chamber.
- the fact that the auxiliary contacts are arranged outside the switching chamber can mean in particular that the auxiliary contacts are arranged outside the interior of the switching chamber and therefore do not protrude into the switching chamber.
- the switching device has at least one contact element which is arranged outside the switching chamber.
- the contact element like the auxiliary contacts, is arranged outside the interior of the switching chamber.
- the contact element is movable together with the movable contact.
- the contact element and the movable contact can be moved together with the same mechanical drive, which is described further below.
- the at least two auxiliary contacts are preferably arranged outside the switching chamber on a side of the mechanical drive facing away from the movable contact.
- the contact element contacts the at least two auxiliary contacts in a first switching state of the switching device.
- the contact element is in mechanical and therefore also electrical contact with the at least two auxiliary contacts in the first switching state.
- the at least two auxiliary contacts are preferably electrically connected to one another and thus short-circuited.
- the contact element can be arranged at a distance from the auxiliary contacts in a second switching state.
- the first switching state can particularly preferably be the non-switching state described above
- the contact element can contact the auxiliary contacts in this case when the movable contact is spaced from the at least one fixed contact, while the contact element is spaced from the at least two auxiliary contacts when the movable contact of the switching device has the at least one fixed contact contacted. If an electrical contact between the auxiliary contacts is detected in this case, this means that the switching device is in a non-connecting state. In this case, the monitoring contact formed by the auxiliary contacts and the contact element therefore has a “normally closed” characteristic as described above.
- the first switching state may also be the through-switching switching state, while the second switching state is the non-through-switching state.
- the functionality of the detection of a state of the switching device possible by the auxiliary contacts is reversed in relation to the following description and corresponds to the "normally open” version.
- the contact element is in the first switching state of the switching device is arranged at a distance from the auxiliary contacts, the first switching state being the non-switching state of the switching device, and the contact element contacts the auxiliary contacts in the second switching state of the switching device, which is then the switching state of the switching device.
- the contact element then has at least two auxiliary contacts in the second switching state of the switching device.
- the contact element is then in the second switching state mechanically and thus also electrically in contact with the at least two auxiliary contacts. Consequently, in this embodiment, the contact element is spaced from the at least two auxiliary contacts when the movable contact is spaced from the at least one fixed contact, while the contact element can contact the auxiliary contacts when the movable contact of the switching device contacts the at least one fixed contact. If an electrical contact is detected between the auxiliary contacts, this means in this embodiment that the switching device is in a switching state.
- the monitoring contact formed by the auxiliary contacts and the contact element reflects the state of the switching contacts and has a “normally open” characteristic.
- the switching device has a housing in which the movable contact, the fixed contacts as well as the auxiliary contacts and the contact element are arranged. Furthermore, the switching chamber is located inside the housing.
- a fixed contact is arranged in the housing can mean in particular that at least one contact area of the fixed contact, which is in mechanical contact with the movable contact in the switching state, is arranged within the housing.
- a fixed contact arranged in the housing can be electrically contacted from the outside, that is to say from outside the housing.
- a part of a fixed contact arranged in the housing can protrude from the housing and have a connection option for a supply line outside the housing.
- the movable contact can in particular be arranged completely in the housing.
- the auxiliary contacts can preferably also be arranged completely in the housing.
- the auxiliary contacts can be contacted from the outside via supply lines within the housing, which are electrically connected, for example, to external electrical connections on the housing.
- an electrical component such as a microcontroller or another electrical component for contacting and/or reading out the auxiliary contacts, can be present in the housing, which is connected to the auxiliary contacts via electrical supply lines.
- the electrical component can in turn be contactable from the outside through suitable connections on the housing.
- the contacts are arranged in a gas atmosphere in the housing.
- the gas atmosphere can in particular be enclosed in a gas-tight area of the switching device.
- the movable contact and the contact element can each be arranged completely in the gas atmosphere in the housing, whereas parts of the fixed contacts, such as the contact areas of the fixed contacts, as well as parts of the auxiliary contacts, such as contact areas of the auxiliary contacts, are arranged in the gas atmosphere in the housing .
- the at least two auxiliary contacts are arranged partly in the gas-tight region and partly outside the gas-tight region.
- the switching device can particularly preferably be one be a gas-filled switching device such as a gas-filled contactor.
- the gas-tight area preferably has a wall that can be made up of several parts and can have wall areas made of different materials.
- a part of the switching chamber for example a switching chamber cover, can form part of the wall of the gas-tight area.
- the switching chamber cover can particularly preferably be formed from a gas-tight material, for example a ceramic material.
- the wall of the gas-tight area can have wall areas that are made of or made of stainless steel, for example.
- a wall area with or made of stainless steel can, for example, be soldered or welded to the switching chamber cover in a gas-tight manner.
- the at least two auxiliary contacts can be arranged in a ceramic element and protrude through the ceramic element.
- the ceramic element can have openings, with an auxiliary contact being arranged in each opening and particularly preferably being brazed to an edge of the openings.
- each of the auxiliary contacts can have a flange which has a fastening area with which the auxiliary contact is soldered to an edge area around the opening of the ceramic element.
- a hard solder is referred to here and below as a solder that has a melting point of greater than or equal to 600 ° C.
- a solder based on silver and/or copper can be used as a hard solder, for example a silver-copper alloy such as Ag72Cu28.
- the ceramic element can form part of the wall of the gas-tight area and be connected to a wall area that has or is made of stainless steel or another non-magnetic or slightly magnetic alloy.
- a wall area with or without
- stainless steel can be soldered or welded to the ceramic element in a gas-tight manner.
- the ceramic element and the wall area connected to it can together form a cup shape.
- the ceramic element can form a bottom of the cup shape, while the wall region connected to the ceramic element has at least one cylindrical part which forms a side wall of the cup shape.
- the magnetic core can be guided in the cup formed by the cup shape.
- the gas atmosphere can in particular promote the extinguishing of arcs that can arise during switching processes.
- the gas of the gas atmosphere can, for example, have or be a gas containing hydrogen and/or nitrogen, in particular under high pressure.
- the gas can preferably have a proportion of at least 50% H 2 .
- the gas can have an inert gas, particularly preferably N 2 and/or one or more noble gases.
- the movable contact and the contact element are movable by means of a mechanical drive.
- a mechanical drive can be, for example, a lifting drive or a rotary drive.
- the switching movement of the movable contact from the first to the second switching state and back can therefore be a linear movement or a rotary movement.
- the contact element can also carry out such a movement during the transition from the first and second switching states and vice versa.
- the mechanical drive can in particular have an axis.
- the auxiliary contacts can particularly preferably be arranged on a side of the axis facing away from the movable contact.
- the axis can have a first end, on which the movable contact is arranged and particularly preferably mounted directly or indirectly, and a second end, on the side of which the auxiliary contacts are arranged.
- the contact element can therefore be mounted directly or indirectly at the second end of the axis.
- the contact element and the movable contact can be arranged at opposite ends of the axis.
- the axis can in particular protrude into the switching chamber through an opening in the switching chamber.
- the switching chamber can have a switching chamber floor that has an opening through which the axle protrudes.
- the mechanical drive can be designed as a rotation drive and have a stepper motor, through which a rotation through a defined angle, preferably around a rotation axis defined by the axis, can be effected in incremental steps.
- the axis can be part of the motor, for example.
- the drive unit can have a magnetic drive that has a rotatable gas tank that can be rotated by a magnetic circuit in order to effect the switching operations described above.
- the magnetic circuit can have a yoke.
- the rotatable magnet armature can in particular have the axis.
- the magnet armature can have a magnetic core, which is designed as a magnetic rotating core, which can be attached to an end of the axis opposite the movable contact and which is part of the magnetic circuit.
- a magnetic field can be created in the magnetic circuit, which rotates the magnet armature.
- the mechanical drive can be designed as a lifting drive, which can cause a linear lifting movement, in particular along the axis.
- the mechanical drive particularly preferably has a magnet armature which can be moved linearly by a magnetic circuit in order to effect the switching processes described above.
- the magnetic circuit can have a yoke that has an opening through which the axis of the magnet armature protrudes.
- the magnet armature in particular a magnetic core of the magnet armature, can be pulled towards the yoke.
- the magnetic core can in particular be attached to an end of the axis opposite the movable contact and be part of the magnetic circuit.
- the auxiliary contacts and/or the contact element have a material with copper or a copper alloy.
- the material is particularly preferably one that has a good electrical conductivity and a poor tendency to weld.
- the material is particularly preferably selected from CuBe, CuSn 4 and CuSn 6 .
- the auxiliary contacts can have the same material as the fixed contacts and/or the movable contact.
- the contact element is designed to be at least partially resilient.
- the contact element has resilient and therefore elastic properties.
- the contact element is particularly preferred or at least part of it is formed by a spring plate, i.e. an at least partially plate-shaped and / or band-shaped plate, which can be bent by the action of a force and can return to its original shape in the absence of this force.
- the contact element is particularly preferably formed in one piece, that is to say at least partially, for example in the form of a metal strip or metal strip, particularly preferably at least partially or completely in the form of a spring sheet metal strip.
- the contact element can have a contact web or contact ring, at least two connecting webs extending away from the contact web or contact ring, and a contact plate on each of the connecting webs.
- the contact plates are preferably intended and set up to be able to come into mechanical contact with the auxiliary contacts.
- the connecting webs can particularly preferably extend away from the contact web or contact ring at an angle of essentially 90°.
- the connecting bars can, for example, have the same width as the contact bar.
- the connecting webs, the contact plates and the contact web or contact ring can preferably be formed by a one-piece metal part.
- the one-piece metal part can be designed as a metal strip, which has the contact web, the connecting webs and the contact plates as parts connected to one another and which, for example, has a uniform width and can be bent in the shape of a rectangular U.
- the one-piece metal part can have the contact ring with at least two strips emerging from the contact ring and which are bent away from a main extension plane of the contact ring and preferably form an angle of 90° or at least substantially 90° with the main extension plane of the contact ring.
- Each connecting web can have a contact plate at the end facing away from the contact web or contact ring, which can be inclined towards the connecting web and, for example, have an angle with the connecting web of greater than or equal to 90 ° or greater than or equal to 100 ° and less than or equal to 160 ° or less than or equal to 140 ° or less than or equal to 135 °.
- the contact plates can have a width that is greater than or equal to the width of the connecting webs.
- the contact plates can be semicircular, for example semicircular.
- the contact plates can face each other.
- the contact plates can have a distance from one another that is smaller than a width of the auxiliary contacts.
- the width of the auxiliary contacts refers in particular to the width of the contact surfaces of the auxiliary contacts and can be measured in a direction along which the distance between the contact plates is also measured.
- the contact plates can thus preferably cover as large an area as possible, for example a substantially circular area, except for a gap with a width corresponding to the aforementioned distance.
- the contact element can have a plurality of connecting webs, which are arranged circumferentially on the contact ring separated by slots and extend away from the contact ring, with a contact plate being arranged on each of the connecting webs.
- the Connecting webs can be arranged on an outer edge of the contact ring or on an inner edge of the contact ring.
- the contact element can, for example, be attached directly to the axle. If the mechanical drive has a magnetic core as described above, the contact element can particularly preferably be attached to the magnetic core. In this case, the contact element is particularly preferably attached directly to the magnetic core. In particular, the contact web or contact ring can be attached to the magnetic core. Preferably, the contact element, particularly preferably the contact web or contact ring, can be welded to the magnetic core.
- the magnetic core can have a recess in which a part of the contact element, in particular the contact web or contact ring, is arranged. The connecting webs can protrude from the recess.
- the contact element can be surrounded by a coil of the magnetic drive.
- the at least two auxiliary contacts can also be surrounded by this coil.
- the coil can, for example, be arranged around a cylindrical, continuous opening in which the contact element and/or the at least two auxiliary contacts are arranged.
- this can have a return spring which can cause or at least support a movement of the magnet armature from the second switching position back to the first switching position when the electromagnet is switched off.
- the restoring spring can have a restoring spring force RFK and the contact element can have a spring force FK, where FK ⁇ RFK applies, so that the spring force of the contact element is less than the force that the return spring exerts on the magnet armature.
- FK/RFK ⁇ 0.2 is particularly preferred, so that the switching movement is not restricted by the contact element.
- the return spring and the contact element can cause a force on the magnet armature in the same direction or in opposite directions, with FK/RFK ⁇ 0.2 preferably applying in both cases.
- the movable contact can cover a switching path SW during the transition from the first switching state to the second switching state in order to close the switching gap.
- the mechanical drive and thus preferably the magnet armature can close a magnetic gap MS during the transition from the first switching state to the second switching state, i.e. cover a path with the length MS, where MS is at least equal to SW and MS > SW is particularly preferred.
- the path that the contact element must travel so that the contact element loses or gains mechanical contact with the at least two auxiliary contacts can be referred to as contact path KW.
- the contact path KW is preferably smaller than the switching path SW and smaller than the magnetic gap MS. KW ⁇ SW and KW ⁇ MS are particularly preferred.
- the mechanical drive and thus preferably the magnet armature can also cover the path MS during the transition from the second switching state to the first switching state, with the contact element providing a mechanical contact in the event that the contact element contacts the auxiliary contacts in the second switching state of the switching device
- the at least two auxiliary contacts can preferably lose after a distance of less than or equal to 0.2 xMS or less than or equal to 0.1 xMS.
- it can be achieved that the at least two auxiliary contacts are electrically connected to one another by the contact element in the first switching state and electrically separated from one another in the second switching state.
- the described embodiment of the switching device also enables the detection of the error state “switching device cannot close”, i.e. a state in which the switching device is blocked in the open position. Furthermore, it can also be used in the event of destruction of the upper part of the switching device, in which the switching chamber is arranged, a detection can also be made as to whether the switching device is in the non-switching state and the switching contacts have therefore been opened.
- the at least two auxiliary contacts with the contact element represent the switching state of the main contacts, i.e. the movable contact and the at least one fixed contact.
- the state of the auxiliary contacts i.e. electrically connected to one another or electrically separated from one another, preferably always corresponds to the state of the main contacts.
- the switching device described here can also be produced very cost-effectively, i.e. without major additional costs, since no additional electronic components, for example in the form of additional circuitry and/or in the form of ICs, are necessary. Furthermore no magnetic influence on the monitoring contact formed by the auxiliary contacts and the contact element is possible, as may be possible, for example, in the case of reed switches or Hall switches. In addition, it can be achieved that a mechanical influence on the monitoring contact through shocks follows the properties of the movable system, which means that the monitoring contact would also correctly indicate the state "not completely open" after being lifted off by acceleration If the auxiliary contacts are not located in the switching chamber, no arc created there can damage the arrangement forming the monitoring contact. On the other hand, the components used have no negative influence on the extinguishing behavior in the switching chamber.
- FIGS. 1A to 1H show schematic representations of a switching device and parts of it according to an exemplary embodiment
- Figures 2A to 2D show schematic representations of parts of the switching device according to further exemplary embodiments
- FIGS 3A and 3B show schematic representations of the switching device of Figures 1A to 1H in an intermediate configuration
- Figures 4A to 4F show schematic representations of the switching device and parts of it according to a further exemplary embodiment
- Figures 5A and 5B show schematic representations of auxiliary contacts of a switching device according to further exemplary embodiments and
- Figures 6A to 6C show schematic representations of parts of the switching device according to a further exemplary embodiment.
- identical, similar or identically acting elements can each be provided with the same reference symbols.
- the elements shown and their size ratios to one another are not to be viewed as true to scale; rather, individual elements, such as layers, components, components and areas, may be shown exaggeratedly large for better display and/or understanding.
- FIGS. ID and IE show an exemplary embodiment of a switching device 100, which can be used, for example, for switching strong electrical currents and/or high electrical voltages and which can be a relay or contactor, in particular a power contactor.
- the switching device 100 is shown in different switching states, each in a sectioned view with a vertical sectional plane.
- the switching device 100 in the corresponding switching states is each in a section of a cut representation along a further, perpendicular to it vertical cutting plane shown.
- Figures IC and 1H show sections of the representations shown in Figures 1A and 1F. Views of part of the gas-tight area of the switching device 100 are shown in FIGS. ID and IE.
- the geometries shown are only intended to be exemplary and not restrictive and can also be designed alternatively.
- the switching device 100 has two fixed contacts 1 and one movable contact 2 in a housing (not shown).
- the movable contact 2 is designed as a contact plate.
- the fixed contacts 1, together with the movable contact 2, form the switching contacts of the switching device 100, which can also be referred to as main contacts and through which a load circuit that can be connected to the fixed contacts 1 can be opened and closed.
- main contacts and through which a load circuit that can be connected to the fixed contacts 1 can be opened and closed.
- a load circuit that can be connected to the fixed contacts 1 can be opened and closed.
- the switching contacts shown may also be possible.
- the embodiment of the switching contacts shown and in particular their geometry are to be understood purely as examples and not as restrictive. Alternatively, the switching contacts can also be designed differently.
- the housing (not shown), in which preferably all of the components shown of the switching device 100 are arranged except for an upper part of the fixed contacts 1, serves primarily as a contact protection for the components arranged inside and has or is made of a plastic.
- a plastic for example polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) or glass fiber-filled PBT.
- the fixed contacts 1 and/or the movable contact 2 can, for example, be made with or made of Cu, a Cu alloy, one or more high-melting metals such as Wo, Ni and/or Cr, or a mixture of said materials, for example copper with at least one other metal, for example Wo, Ni and/or Cr.
- the switching device 100 is shown in a rest state in which the movable contact 2 is spaced from the fixed contacts 1, so that the contacts 1, 2 are galvanically isolated from one another.
- the idle state is also referred to below as the first switching state, which is a non-switching state of the switching device 100.
- a load circuit connected to the fixed contacts 1 of the switching device 100 would therefore be open in this switching state.
- the switching device 100 is shown in a second switching state, which is a through-switching state of the switching device 100. In the second switching state, the fixed contacts 1 and the movable contact 2 are in mechanical contact with one another and are therefore galvanically connected, so that a load circuit connected to the switching device 100 would be closed.
- the switching device 100 has a mechanical drive, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is designed purely as an example as a lifting drive, so that the movable contact 2 carries out a linear movement when changing from the first to the second switching state and vice versa. which in the exemplary embodiment shown runs along a vertical direction 91.
- the mechanical drive is designed as a magnetic drive and has a movable magnet armature 5, which essentially completes the switching movement.
- the magnet armature 5 has one magnetic core 6, for example with or made of a ferromagnetic material.
- the magnet armature 5 has an axis 7 which is guided through the magnetic core 6 and is firmly connected to the magnetic core 6 at one axis end.
- the magnet armature 5 has the movable contact 2, which is mounted via a contact spring 70 and is also connected to the axis 7.
- the axis 7 can preferably be made with or from stainless steel.
- an electrically insulating contact holder 71 which can also be referred to as a bridge insulator, can be arranged between them.
- the magnetic core 6 is surrounded by a coil 8, which forms the essential part of an electromagnet.
- a current flow in the coil 8 that can be switched on from the outside by a control circuit generates a movement of the magnetic core 6 and thus of the entire magnet armature 5 in the axial direction, i.e. along the main extension direction of the axis 7 and thus in the vertical direction 91, so that the movable contact 2 the fixed contacts 1 contacted.
- the magnet armature 5 moves upwards.
- the magnet armature 5 thus moves from a first position, which corresponds to the idle state shown and at the same time to the separating, i.e. non-switching and therefore switched off switching state, into a second position, which corresponds to the active, i.e. switching through and therefore switched on switching state of the switching device 100 corresponds .
- the switching device 100 further has a yoke 9, which may comprise or be made of pure iron or a low-doped iron alloy and which forms part of the magnetic circuit.
- the yoke 9 has an opening in which the axis 7 is guided.
- a sleeve or bushing for example made of a plastic material, for guiding the axis 7 can also be arranged in the opening of the yoke 9.
- the direction of movement of the magnet armature 5 and thus of the movable contact 2 is, as described, the direction referred to as the vertical direction 91.
- terms such as “top” or “bottom” refer to the vertical direction 91.
- the magnet armature 5 and thus the movable contact 2 move upwards during the transition from the first to the second switching state of the switching device 100 and downward again during the transition from the second switching state to the first switching state.
- a plane perpendicular to the vertical direction 91 is called a lateral plane.
- Directions perpendicular to the vertical direction 91 can generally be referred to as lateral directions, which is the lateral direction along which the fixed contacts 1 are arranged, also referred to as the longitudinal direction 92.
- the lateral direction perpendicular to the vertical direction 91 and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 92 is also referred to as the transverse direction 93.
- the directions 91, 92 and 93, which also apply independently of the switching movement described, are indicated in the figures to make orientation easier.
- the contacts 1, 2 are arranged in a gas atmosphere, so that the switching device 100 acts as a gas-filled relay or gas-filled contactor
- the contacts 1 are arranged within a switching chamber 11, formed by a switching chamber cover 12 and a switching chamber base 13, which is part of a gas-tight area 20 formed by a hermetically sealed part.
- the gas-tight area 14 is essentially formed by parts of the switching chamber 11 and the yoke 9 and formed by additional wall areas 21, 22.
- the gas-tight area 20 completely surrounds the magnet armature 5 and the contacts 1, 2 except for parts of the fixed contacts 1 intended for external connection.
- the gas-tight area 20 and thus also an interior 14 of the switching chamber 11 are filled with a gas.
- the gas which can be filled into the gas-tight region 20 through a gas filler neck, for example in the switching chamber cover 12, as part of the production of the switching device 100, can particularly preferably contain hydrogen, for example with 20% or more H 2 in an inert Gas or even with 100% H 2 , as gas containing hydrogen can promote the extinguishing of arcs.
- blowing magnets Inside or outside the switching chamber 11, for example, permanent magnets (not shown), so-called blowing magnets, can also be present, which are provided and set up to deflect the arcs.
- the blowing magnets extend the arc distance and can thus improve the extinguishing of the arcs.
- the switching chamber cover 12 can be made, for example, with or from a ceramic material, for example a metal oxide such as Al 2 03.
- the switching chamber base 13 is formed by a flange 15 in which the yoke 9 is arranged and which forms part of the magnetic circuit.
- the flange 15 can be with or made of iron or steel.
- the switching chamber base 13 can also be formed by an additional component between the switching chamber cover 12 and the flange 15.
- the switching device 100 has at least two auxiliary contacts 3, which are arranged outside the switching chamber 11.
- the at least two auxiliary contacts 3 are outside the switching chamber 11 on a side of the mechanical contact facing away from the movable contact 2 Drive and thus the axis 7 arranged.
- the switching device 100 can also have more than two auxiliary contacts 3, for which the following description applies accordingly.
- the auxiliary contacts 3 can be arranged along the longitudinal direction 92 like the fixed contacts 1, as shown in FIGS. 1A to 1H.
- the switching device 100 also has at least one contact element 4, which is arranged outside the switching chamber 11.
- the contact element 4 is arranged outside the switching chamber 11 on a side of the mechanical drive and thus the axis 7 facing away from the movable contact 2.
- the contact element 4 can be moved together with the movable contact 2.
- the contact element 4 and the movable contact 2 are in particular movable together with the same mechanical drive according to the previous description.
- the contact element 4 is arranged within the gas-tight area 20.
- the gas-tight region 20 essentially has an upper region 28, which is formed above the flange 15 by the switching chamber 11, and a lower region 29, which is arranged below the flange 15 and in which the magnetic core 6 of the magnet armature 5 is arranged .
- the auxiliary contacts 3 and the contact element 4 are thus arranged in the lower region 29 of the gas-tight region 20.
- the contact element 4 contacts the at least two auxiliary contacts 3.
- the contact element 4 is in mechanical and therefore also electrical contact with the at least two auxiliary contacts 3.
- the contact element 4 is arranged at a distance from the auxiliary contacts 3, as can be seen in FIGS.
- the contact element 4 can contact the auxiliary contacts 3 when the switching device 100 is in the idle state and the movable contact 2 is spaced from the fixed contacts 1, while the contact element 4 is spaced from the at least two auxiliary contacts 3 when the movable Contact 2 of the switching device 100 contacts the fixed contacts 1 and the switching device 100 is in the switching state.
- the at least two auxiliary contacts 2 are electrically connected to one another and thus short-circuited. If an electrical contact is detected between the auxiliary contacts 3, this means that the switching device 100 is in a non-connecting state.
- a monitoring contact is thus formed by the auxiliary contacts 3 and the contact element 4, which has a “normally closed” characteristic.
- the first switching state may also be the through-switching switching state, while the second switching state is the non-switching state. In this case, the functioning of the detection of a state of the switching device possible by the auxiliary contacts is reversed and corresponds to the “normally open” version.
- the auxiliary contacts 3 are arranged in a ceramic element 30 and protrude through the ceramic element 30.
- the ceramic element 30 has openings, with an auxiliary contact 3 being arranged in each opening, which is particularly preferably hard-soldered to an edge of the respective opening 39.
- the auxiliary contacts 3 can, for example, have a flange with a fastening area which is fastened to the ceramic element 30, for example by soldering such as brazing.
- the auxiliary contacts 3 are electrically insulated from one another by means of the ceramic element 30.
- the ceramic element 30 can be made of a metal oxide such as Al2O3, for example.
- the ceramic element 30 in particular forms part of the wall of the gas-tight region 20.
- the gas-tight region 20 has a wall region 22 which has or is made of stainless steel and which is soldered to the ceramic element 30 in a gas-tight manner using a brazing solder or welded to the ceramic element 30 .
- the wall area 22 can, for example, have or be made of nickel-plated stainless steel.
- the ceramic element 30 is designed, for example, as a ceramic plate, for example as a ceramic disk with a circular cross section in the lateral plane.
- the ceramic element can each have mounting areas, which are formed, for example, by raised surrounding surface areas, as can be seen, for example, in Figures IC and 1H.
- auxiliary contacts 3 and/or the contact element 4 can be
- the material is particularly preferably one that has a good electrical conductivity and a poor tendency to weld.
- the material is particularly preferably selected from CuBe, CuSn 4 and CuSn 6 .
- the auxiliary contacts 3 can have the same material as the fixed contacts 1 and/or the movable contact 2.
- the ceramic element 30 and the wall region 22 connected to it together form a cup shape, the ceramic element 30 being essentially disk-shaped as described above and forming a bottom of the cup shape, while the wall region 22 connected to the ceramic element 30 has a cylindrical part , which forms a side wall of the cup shape.
- the magnetic core 6 can be guided in the cup formed by the cup shape.
- the ceramic element 30 is intended and set up to hermetically seal the gas space formed by the gas-tight region 20 at the bottom and to electrically isolate the auxiliary contacts 30 from each other and from any other electrical potential in the switching device 100.
- the auxiliary contact 3 is inserted into the gas-tight area 20 with the aid of a hermetically sealed and particularly preferably brazed connection from the wall area 22, which can also be referred to as a pot, to the ceramic element 30 and from the ceramic element 30 to the auxiliary contacts 3.
- the solder connections described can be carried out in a common process step.
- the pot formed by the wall area 22 with the ceramic element 30 and the auxiliary contacts 3 can then, for example be welded to the flange 15 by means of laser welding to form the lower region 29 of the gas-tight region 20.
- the contact element 4 is particularly preferably formed in one piece.
- the contact element 4 can be designed, for example, in the form of a metal strip or metal strip, particularly preferably in the form of a spring sheet metal strip.
- the contact element 4 has a contact web 40, two connecting webs 41 extending away from the contact web 40, and a contact plate 42 on each of the connecting webs 41.
- the connecting webs 41 can particularly preferably extend away from the contact web 40 at an angle of essentially 90° and, for example, have the same width as the contact web 40.
- the connecting webs 41 and the contact web 40 can thus be formed by a metal strip or a metal band which has a uniform width and which is bent in the shape of a rectangular U.
- Each connecting web 41 has at the end facing away from the contact web 40 a contact plate 42, which is particularly preferably inclined to the corresponding connecting web 41 and with this, for example, an angle of greater than or equal to 90 ° or greater than or equal to 10 ° and less than or equal to 160 ° or less or equal to 140° or less than or equal to 135°.
- each contact plate can form an angle of 110° with the connecting web on which it is arranged.
- the contact plates 42 which are intended and set up to enter into mechanical contact with the auxiliary contacts 3 in the first switching state, preferably have a width that is greater than or equal to the width of the connecting webs 41.
- the contact plates 42 can particularly preferably be semicircular in shape, so that a The largest possible area of the contact element 30 can be covered by the contact plates 42 without the contact plate 42 being in direct mechanical contact with one another.
- the contact plates 42 face each other and have a gap with a distance A from one another that is smaller than a width B of the auxiliary contacts 3, that is to say in particular smaller than a width of the contact surfaces of the auxiliary contacts 3 that contact the contact element 4.
- the width B of the auxiliary contacts 3 is preferably measured in a direction along which the distance A of the contact plates 42 is also measured, i.e. along the longitudinal direction 92 in the orientation shown in FIGS. 1A to 1H.
- the contact element 4 can, for example, be attached directly to the axis 7.
- the contact element 4 is preferably attached to the magnetic core 6.
- the contact element 4 is particularly preferably attached directly to the magnetic core 6.
- the contact element 4 can be welded to the axis 7 or preferably to the magnetic core 6, for example by means of laser welding or resistance welding.
- the contact element 4 can be welded to the contact web 40.
- the magnetic core 6 can have a recess 60 in which a part of the contact element 4, in particular the contact web 40, is arranged.
- the connecting webs 41 can protrude from the recess 60.
- the coil 8 has a cylindrical, continuous opening which forms a cavity in which the magnetic core 6 is arranged.
- the previously described cup is inserted into the coil 8.
- the contact element 4 and the auxiliary contacts 3 are therefore also arranged in the cylindrical, continuous opening and surrounded by the coil 8.
- the design-related cavity in the coil 8 can therefore be used without additional space being required.
- the small installation space in the coil opening below the switching chamber 11 can therefore be optimally utilized.
- the contact element 4 is designed to be at least partially resilient and therefore has resilient and therefore elastic properties. Because the contact element 4 is formed at least in the area of the connecting webs 41 and/or the contact plates 42 by a spring plate and thus by a plate- and/or band-shaped plate, it can be bent by a force and in the absence of this force again return to its original shape. Due to the gap described above with the distance A, the contact plates 42 can be pressed in the direction of the contact web 40 when placed on the auxiliary contacts 3 and thus deflect. In the first switching state, the contact element 4 thus exerts a force on the auxiliary contacts 3 by means of spring pressure, through which a secure mechanical contact is achieved, which can be maintained even in the event of vibrations or shocks.
- the mechanical drive designed as a lifting drive has a return spring 10, which causes the magnet armature 5 to move from the second switching position back to the first switching position when the electromagnet is switched off, i.e. when the coil 8 is switched off.
- the return spring 10 has a return spring force RFK on. If there are several return springs, they can be treated like one return spring with an effective return spring force RFK.
- the contact element has a spring force FK that is smaller than the restoring spring force RFK, so that FK ⁇ RFK applies.
- the spring force of the contact element 4 is significantly lower than the return spring force of the return spring 10, so that, for example, FK/RFK ⁇ 0.5 and the switching movement is not restricted by the contact element. FK/RFK ⁇ 0.2 is particularly preferred.
- the mechanical drive can also be a rotary drive, for example, instead of the lifting drive described.
- a rotary drive is described in the publication DE 10 2019 126 351 Al, the disclosure content of which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference.
- the auxiliary contacts described here and the contact element outside the switching chamber can be used.
- the semicircular contact plates 42 formed by contact spring plates are crucial, since they can always establish contact with the auxiliary contacts 3 regardless of the rotation of the armature.
- the movable contact 2 must cover a switching path SW during the transition from the first switching state to the second switching state in order to close the switching gap.
- the path that the magnet armature 5 travels is given by the magnetic gap MS between the magnetic core 6 and the yoke 9 in the rest position, as indicated in Figure 1B.
- the path that the magnet armature 5 and thus the contact element 4 must travel so that the contact element 4 loses mechanical contact with the at least two auxiliary contacts 3 can be referred to as the contact path KW and is indicated in Figure 1H.
- the contact path KW is greater the more the contact element 4 is deformed in the first switching state of the switching device 100.
- the contact path is KW preferably significantly smaller than the switching path SW and than the magnetic gap MS in the rest position. This makes it possible to ensure that the distance that the movable system has to travel before the contact between the auxiliary contacts and the contact element breaks off is as small as possible. KW/SW ⁇ 0.2 is particularly preferred.
- the magnet armature with the movable contact 2 shown in Figures 1A to 1H is an overtravel system in which the movable contact 2 is displaceably arranged on the contact holder 71.
- the contact spring 70 can deflect and the magnet armature 5 can move further until, for example, the magnetic core 6 rests on the yoke 9 and the magnetic gap indicated in Figure 1B MS is completely closed.
- the magnetic core 6 can move upwards in the vertical direction 91 by a distance of less than or equal to 1 mm and particularly preferably about 0.5 mm further than the movable contact 2.
- the movable contact 2 is welded to at least one of the fixed contacts 1, which is also referred to as “tack welding”. become can, the movable contact 2 remains in the switching state even though the coil 8 is switched off.
- the return spring 10 can only reduce the overtravel, so that a small magnetic gap MSK is created between the magnetic core 6 and the yoke 9, while the switching gap remains closed. This condition is shown in Figures 3A and 3B in views corresponding to Figures 1A and 1B.
- the magnet armature 5 remains stuck in this state, which therefore forms an intermediate state.
- the switching device 100 described thus fulfills the above-mentioned standard requirement of detecting the “safely opened” state with a simple mechanism for detecting and leading the signal out of a hermetically sealed gas space in the lower area 29 of the switching device 100.
- FIGS. 4A to 4F A further exemplary embodiment of the switching device 100 is shown in FIGS. 4A to 4F.
- the switching device 100 is shown in a sectional view with a vertical sectional plane. In this illustration, the switching device 100 is in a first switching state.
- the switching device 100 is shown in a second switching state.
- 4C and 4D show sections of the switching device 100 in the first switching state and in the second The switching state is each shown in a cut-away view.
- Figures 4E and 4F show an auxiliary contact 3 and a contact element 4 of the switching device 100.
- the following description refers equally to FIGS. 4A to 4F, with the differences from the previous exemplary embodiments mainly being described. Features and components not described below can be designed according to the previous description.
- the switching device 100 shown in Figures 4A to 4F like the switching device 100 according to the previous description, has two fixed contacts 1 and a movable contact 2 as switching contacts in a housing, which is indicated by the reference number 19, which is designed as a contact plate is .
- FIGS 4A and 4G show the switching device 100 in the idle state, in which the movable contact 2 is spaced from the fixed contacts 1, which is also referred to in this exemplary embodiment as the first switching state, which is a non-switching state of the switching device 100 is .
- the switching device 100 is in the second switching state, which is a switching state of the switching device 100.
- the switching chamber base 13 is designed as an additional element and is arranged on the flange 15 in which the yoke 9 is arranged.
- the switching chamber base 13 can thus be formed, as shown, by a component between the switching chamber cover 12 and the flange 15, which preferably covers the flange 15 and has an opening through which the axis 7 protrudes.
- a ceramic material or in particular plastics with a sufficiently high temperature resistance for example a polyether ether ketone (PEEK), a polyethylene (PE) and/or a glass fiber-filled PBT, are suitable for such a switching chamber floor.
- the switching chamber 11, in particular a switching chamber base can at least partially also have a polyoxymethylene (POM), in particular with the structure (CH 2 O) n .
- POM polyoxymethylene
- Such a plastic can be characterized by a comparatively low carbon content and a very low tendency to form graphite. Due to the same proportions of carbon and oxygen, especially in (CH 2 O) n , predominantly gaseous CO and H 2 can be formed during heat and especially arc-induced decomposition. The additional hydrogen can increase arc extinction.
- the switching device 100 has at least two auxiliary contacts 3 and at least one contact element 4, which are arranged outside the switching chamber 11.
- the auxiliary contacts 3 are arranged in openings 39 in a ceramic element 30 as described above and protrude through the ceramic element 30.
- An auxiliary contact 3 is arranged in each opening 39, which is particularly preferably hard-soldered to an edge of the respective opening 39.
- the auxiliary contacts 3 point, as in Figure 4E based on a schematic representation of an auxiliary contact 3 is indicated, a flange 35 with a fastening area 36 which is fastened to the ceramic element 30.
- the fastening area 36 of each of the auxiliary contacts 3 is thus soldered to the ceramic element 30 to an edge area around the respective opening 39.
- a gas filler neck 18 is arranged and particularly preferably also soldered in and over which the gas-tight region 20 is formed as part of the production of the switching device 100 can be filled with a gas as described above.
- the gas filler neck 18 can be closed after filling, for example by soldering or squeezing.
- the contact element 4 is particularly preferably formed in one piece, as described in connection with the previous exemplary embodiments.
- the contact element 4 of the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 4A to 4 F can have a contact ring 43 instead of a contact web described above.
- the contact element 4 has at least two connecting webs 41 and a contact plate 42 on each of the connecting webs 41.
- the connecting webs 41 extend away from the contact ring 43.
- a contact web as described above, which connects the connecting webs 41 in a straight line, or a contact plate, which is designed, for example, as a circular disk, can also be present .
- a contact web as described above, which connects the connecting webs 41 in a straight line, or a contact plate, which is designed, for example, as a circular disk, can also be present .
- a contact web as described above, which connects the connecting webs 41 in a straight line, or a contact plate, which is designed, for example, as a circular disk, can also be present .
- a contact web as described above, which connects the connecting webs 41 in a straight line
- a contact plate which is designed, for example, as a circular disk
- At least parts of the contact element 4 such as the connecting webs 41 and the contact plates 42 or the entire contact element 4 can be formed from a spring plate as described above.
- the contact ring 43 is preferably flat and can have a main extension plane.
- the connecting webs 41 can particularly preferably extend away from the main extension plane and thus from the contact ring 43 at an angle of essentially 90°.
- the connecting webs 41 and the contact ring 43 can thus be formed by a metal part which has the contact ring 43 with at least two strips originating from the contact ring 43, which are bent away from a main extension plane of the contact ring 43 and preferably at an angle with the main extension plane of the contact ring 43 of 90° or at least substantially 90°.
- Each connecting web 41 has at the end facing away from the contact ring 43 a contact plate 42, which is particularly preferably inclined to the corresponding connecting web 41 and with this, for example, an angle of greater than or equal to 90 ° or greater than or equal to 100 ° and less than or equal to 160 ° or less or equal to 140° or less than or equal to 135°.
- each contact plate can form an angle of 110° with the connecting web on which it is arranged.
- the contact plates 42 which are intended and set up to enter into mechanical contact with the auxiliary contacts 3 in the second switching state, preferably have a width that is greater than or equal to the width of the connecting webs 41.
- the contact plates 42 can be particularly preferably be semicircular in shape. In particular, the contact plates 42 face each other.
- the contact element 4 is attached to the magnetic core 6 as in the previous exemplary embodiments.
- the contact element 4 can be welded to the magnetic core 6, for example with the contact ring 43.
- the magnetic core 6 can have an annular raised area on which the contact ring 43 is arranged and fastened.
- the contact element 4 in the first switching state of the switching device 100, as can be seen in FIGS. 4A and 4C, the contact element 4 does not contact the at least two auxiliary contacts 3 and is therefore spaced from the auxiliary contacts 3. Thus, in the first switching state, the contact element 4 is not in mechanical and therefore electrical contact with the at least two auxiliary contacts 3. In the second switching state, the contact element 4 contacts the auxiliary contacts 3, as can be seen in FIGS. 4B and 4D, and is therefore in mechanical and electrical contact with the auxiliary contacts 3.
- the contact element 4 is spaced from the at least two auxiliary contacts 3 when the switching device 100 is in the idle state and the movable contact 2 is spaced from the fixed contacts 1, while the contact element 4 can contact the auxiliary contacts 3 when the movable Contact 2 of the switching device 100 contacts the fixed contacts 1 and the switching device 100 is in the switching state.
- the contact element 4 the at least two auxiliary contacts 2 are electrically connected to one another and thus short-circuited. So there will be an electrical contact between If the auxiliary contacts 3 are detected, this means in the exemplary embodiment shown that the switching device 100 is in a switching state.
- the auxiliary contacts 3 and the contact element 4 thus form a monitoring contact which has a “normally open” characteristic and which reflects the state of the main contacts 1, 2.
- each of the at least two auxiliary contacts 3 has an upper end section 31 facing the axis 7, with the contact plates 42 independent of the switching state of the switching device 100, i.e. both in the first switching state and in the second switching state, viewed from the axis 7 below the upper end sections 31 is arranged.
- the upper end portion 31 of each of the auxiliary contacts 3 is arranged above the contact plates 42 in the vertical direction 91.
- Each of the auxiliary contacts 3 has a contact area 32, as indicated in FIG. 4E.
- the contact areas 32 of the auxiliary contacts 3 are arranged in the upper end section 31 and, in the second switching state of the switching device 100, are each contacted mechanically and thus electrically by a contact plate 42 of the contact element 4, as indicated in FIGS. 4B and 4D.
- each of the contact areas 32 is between the contact ring 43 and the contact plate 42 that mechanically contacts the contact area 32 arranged. Since the contact plates 42 are arranged below the upper end sections 31, the contact areas 32 of the auxiliary contacts 3 point downward and thus away from the axis 7.
- the contact areas 32 of the auxiliary contacts 3 can be designed in the form of a cone shell. Due to the above-described inclined arrangement of the contact plates 42 to the connecting webs 41, good mechanical and thus also electrical contact can be achieved between the auxiliary contacts 3 and the contact element 4.
- each auxiliary contact 3 On the side opposite the upper end section 31, each auxiliary contact 3 has a lower end section 33, which adjoins the flange 35 and which has a connection area 34, via which each of the auxiliary contacts 3 is connected outside the gas-tight area 20 via supply lines can be .
- the distance of the contact area 32 of each auxiliary contact 3 from the ceramic element 30 is essentially determined by the length of a connection area 37 between the upper end section 31 and the lower end section 33.
- the contact element 4 is designed to be at least partially resilient and therefore has resilient and therefore elastic properties.
- the contact plates 42 can be pushed away from the contact ring 43 when placed on auxiliary contacts 3, i.e. in particular the contact areas 32 of the auxiliary contacts 3, and when the contact element 4 moves further.
- the contact plates 42 and/or the connecting webs 41 can bend elastically, so that the contact plates 42 are pressed against the contact areas 32.
- the contact element 4 thus exerts a force on the auxiliary contacts 3 by means of spring pressure, through which a secure mechanical contact is achieved, which can be maintained even in the event of vibrations or shocks.
- the mechanical drive designed as a lifting drive has a restoring spring 10 with a restoring spring force RFK, which causes the magnet armature 5 to move from the second switching position back to the first switching position when the electromagnet is switched off.
- the contact element 4 can have a spring force FK.
- the movable contact 2 must cover a switching path SW during the transition from the first switching state to the second switching state in order to close the switching gap, as shown in FIG. 4B .
- the path that the magnet armature 5 travels is given by the magnetic gap MS between the magnetic core 6 and the yoke 9 in the rest position, as indicated in Figure IC.
- the path that the magnet armature 5 and thus the contact element 4 must travel so that the contact element 4 comes into mechanical contact with the at least two auxiliary contacts 3 can also be referred to as contact path KW in the present exemplary embodiment and is also indicated in Figure 4C.
- the contact path KW is preferably smaller than the switching path SW and than the magnetic gap MS in the rest position. This can ensure that the movable system moves further after the contact between the auxiliary contacts 3 and the contact element 4 has been established and so that the contact plates 42 are pressed against the contact areas 32 of the auxiliary contacts 3 as described above.
- KW ⁇ SW and KW ⁇ MS are particularly preferred.
- the mechanical drive and thus preferably the magnet armature 5 can also cover the distance MS during the transition from the second switching state to the first switching state, with the contact element 4 making mechanical contact with the at least two auxiliary contacts 3, preferably after a distance of less than or equal to 0. 2 xMS or less than or equal to 0, l xMS can lose.
- the magnet armature 5 with the movable contact 2 is also an overtravel system in the present exemplary embodiment, in which the movable contact 2 is displaceably arranged on the contact holder 71.
- the contact spring 70 can deflect and the magnet armature 5 can move further until, for example, the magnetic core 6 rests on the yoke 9 and the magnetic gap MS indicated in FIG. 4B is completely closed, as shown in FIG. 4D.
- the magnetic core 6 can move upwards in the vertical direction 91 by a distance of less than or equal to 1 mm and particularly preferably about 0.5 mm further than the movable contact 2, so that the deflection of the contact spring 70 due to the Overstroke, the contact pressure of the movable contact 2 on the fixed contacts 1 can be increased and a certain insensitivity to vibrations and mechanical shocks can be achieved.
- the switching device 100 is to be transferred back to the first switching state in the second switching state and if the contacts 1, 2 are sticking, only the overtravel can be reduced, as described above, so that there is only one between the magnetic core 6 and the yoke 9 A small magnetic gap MSK is created while the switching gap remains closed and the magnet armature 5 remains stuck in this intermediate state. Due to the above-described contact path KW of the contact element 4, which is smaller than the size of the magnetic gap MS in the first switching state, the auxiliary contacts 3 are preferably still contacted by the contact element 4, so that at the Auxiliary contacts 3 can be reliably detected that the second switching state is still present and the first switching state has not yet been reached.
- MSK can be particularly preferred ⁇ MS - KW apply . This allows the malfunction of the switching device 100 to be reliably determined.
- the switching device 100 described in connection with Figures 4A to 4F has a simple mechanism for detecting the switching state and for leading the signal out of a hermetically sealed gas space in the lower region 29 of the switching device 100.
- the auxiliary contacts 3 are protected from flashovers caused by arcs in the upper area 28, i.e. the switching chamber 11.
- the contact area 32 of each of the auxiliary contacts 3 can have a different cone shape than the cone shell shape described in connection with the exemplary embodiment of Figures 4A to 4F, as long as the upper end area 31 is connected to the contact surface 32 forms an overhang which is arranged in the movement path of the associated contact plate of the contact element in such a way that the contact plate can move past the connection area 37 of the auxiliary contact 3 and abuts the contact surface 32 after covering the contact path KW.
- the contact surface 32 can be designed horizontally, as indicated in Figure 5A, so that the connection area 37 with the Upper end region 31 can have a T-shaped cross section when cut through the auxiliary contact 3 with a vertical cutting plane.
- the contact surface 32 can also have a round cross-section when cutting through the auxiliary contact 3 with a vertical cutting plane, as indicated in FIG. 5B, and can, for example, be formed as part of a spherical surface.
- auxiliary contacts 3 and the contact element 4 of the exemplary embodiment described in connection with FIGS. 4A to 4F must be installed in the switching device 100 in the correct position in relation to one another so that the contact plates 42 are in the correct position relative to the auxiliary contacts 3 and these are in the can contact the second switching state of the switching device 100.
- FIGS. 6A to 6C a further exemplary embodiment of the switching device 100 is shown, which, in comparison to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 4A to 4F, has a contact element 4 in which positional accuracy does not have to be taken into account.
- the views of Figures 6A and 6B correspond to the views of the switching device 100 shown in Figures 4C and 4D; Figure 6C shows the contact element 4.
- the following description is again limited to the differences to the previous description. Features that are not explained can preferably be designed as described above.
- the contact element 4 shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C has a plurality of connecting webs 41 which are arranged circumferentially on the contact ring 43 separated by slots 44 and extend away from the contact ring 43.
- a contact plate 42 is arranged on each of the connecting webs 41.
- the connecting webs 41 are compared to Contact element 4 of the exemplary embodiment described in connection with FIGS. 4A to 4F, in which the connecting webs 41 are arranged on the outer edge of the contact ring 43, is now arranged on the inner edge of the contact ring 43.
- a different arrangement is also possible in both exemplary embodiments.
- Each connecting element 41 with a contact plate 42 arranged thereon is designed to be resilient, as described above, so that the functionalities of the contact element 4 described above are also guaranteed in this case.
- the slots 44 have a width that is smaller than a width of the contact areas of the auxiliary contacts, so that with any rotation of the contact element 4 about the vertical axis 91, i.e. with any rotation about the axis 7, there is always either one contact plate 42 or two adjacent contact plates 42 can contact an auxiliary contact 3 in the second switching state of the switching device 100.
- the circumferentially designed contact plates 42 which are separated only by the slots 44, can therefore form an almost continuous but nevertheless resilient contact surface on the contact element 4.
- the contact plates 42 can have a curved shape as shown or, alternatively, can be designed as described in connection with FIGS. 4A to 4F.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112023002224.0T DE112023002224A5 (de) | 2022-05-12 | 2023-05-11 | Schaltvorrichtung mit Hauptkontakten und zumindest zwei Hilfskontakten |
| JP2024565907A JP7825076B2 (ja) | 2022-05-12 | 2023-05-11 | スイッチング装置 |
| CN202380039758.3A CN119173975A (zh) | 2022-05-12 | 2023-05-11 | 具有主接触件和至少两个辅助接触件的开关装置 |
| US18/863,301 US20250316432A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 | 2023-05-11 | Switching device |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022111899 | 2022-05-12 | ||
| DE102022111899.1 | 2022-05-12 | ||
| DE102023104121 | 2023-02-20 | ||
| DE102023104121.5 | 2023-02-20 |
Publications (2)
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| WO2023217963A1 true WO2023217963A1 (de) | 2023-11-16 |
| WO2023217963A9 WO2023217963A9 (de) | 2024-01-04 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/062605 Ceased WO2023217963A1 (de) | 2022-05-12 | 2023-05-11 | Schaltvorrichtung mit hauptkontakte und zumindest zwei hilfskontakten |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250316432A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7825076B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119173975A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE112023002224A5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023217963A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7733167B1 (ja) | 2024-06-10 | 2025-09-02 | 松川精密股▲ふん▼有限公司 | リレー装置の電磁開閉器構造 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20250379014A1 (en) * | 2024-06-05 | 2025-12-11 | Sung-Jen Wu | Magnetically operated switch structure for relay |
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| WO2008033349A2 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-20 | Gigavac, Inc. | Sealed contactor |
| JP2013008621A (ja) | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-10 | Panasonic Corp | 接点装置及び電磁開閉器 |
| EP2843683A1 (de) | 2012-04-27 | 2015-03-04 | Fuji Electric FA Components & Systems Co. Ltd. | Elektromagnetischer schalter und verfahren zur anpassung der kontaktposition dafür |
| CN107204251A (zh) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 继电器 |
| EP3471127A1 (de) | 2016-06-14 | 2019-04-17 | Fuji Electric Fa Components & Systems Co., Ltd. | Kontaktvorrichtung und elektromagnetisches schütz damit |
| US10790105B1 (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-09-29 | YM Tech Co., Ltd. | DC switching apparatus with auxiliary contact device using microswitch |
| CN112289644A (zh) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-29 | 苏州芯脉智能电子科技有限公司 | 一种带有可靠辅助触点的高容量继电器 |
| DE102019126351A1 (de) | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-01 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Schaltvorrichtung |
| WO2021106673A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電磁継電器 |
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| JP2013008622A (ja) * | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-10 | Panasonic Corp | 接点装置及び電磁開閉器 |
| JP6274229B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-27 | 2018-02-07 | 富士電機機器制御株式会社 | 接点装置及びこれを使用した電磁接触器 |
| CN209029309U (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-06-25 | 深圳巴斯巴汽车电子有限公司 | 一种用于高压直流继电器的辅助开关装置 |
| JP7380608B2 (ja) * | 2021-01-22 | 2023-11-15 | 富士電機機器制御株式会社 | 密閉型電磁接触器 |
| KR102678170B1 (ko) * | 2021-11-23 | 2024-06-24 | 엘에스일렉트릭(주) | 아크 챔버 및 이를 포함하는 직류 릴레이 |
-
2023
- 2023-05-11 JP JP2024565907A patent/JP7825076B2/ja active Active
- 2023-05-11 DE DE112023002224.0T patent/DE112023002224A5/de active Pending
- 2023-05-11 CN CN202380039758.3A patent/CN119173975A/zh active Pending
- 2023-05-11 US US18/863,301 patent/US20250316432A1/en active Pending
- 2023-05-11 WO PCT/EP2023/062605 patent/WO2023217963A1/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008033349A2 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-20 | Gigavac, Inc. | Sealed contactor |
| JP2013008621A (ja) | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-10 | Panasonic Corp | 接点装置及び電磁開閉器 |
| EP2843683A1 (de) | 2012-04-27 | 2015-03-04 | Fuji Electric FA Components & Systems Co. Ltd. | Elektromagnetischer schalter und verfahren zur anpassung der kontaktposition dafür |
| CN107204251A (zh) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 继电器 |
| EP3471127A1 (de) | 2016-06-14 | 2019-04-17 | Fuji Electric Fa Components & Systems Co., Ltd. | Kontaktvorrichtung und elektromagnetisches schütz damit |
| US10790105B1 (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-09-29 | YM Tech Co., Ltd. | DC switching apparatus with auxiliary contact device using microswitch |
| DE102019126351A1 (de) | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-01 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Schaltvorrichtung |
| WO2021106673A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電磁継電器 |
| CN112289644A (zh) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-29 | 苏州芯脉智能电子科技有限公司 | 一种带有可靠辅助触点的高容量继电器 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7733167B1 (ja) | 2024-06-10 | 2025-09-02 | 松川精密股▲ふん▼有限公司 | リレー装置の電磁開閉器構造 |
| JP2025185557A (ja) * | 2024-06-10 | 2025-12-22 | 松川精密股▲ふん▼有限公司 | リレー装置の電磁開閉器構造 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7825076B2 (ja) | 2026-03-05 |
| JP2025515686A (ja) | 2025-05-20 |
| WO2023217963A9 (de) | 2024-01-04 |
| US20250316432A1 (en) | 2025-10-09 |
| DE112023002224A5 (de) | 2025-02-27 |
| CN119173975A (zh) | 2024-12-20 |
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