WO2023217082A1 - 一种声源定位方法、系统、介质、设备及装置 - Google Patents

一种声源定位方法、系统、介质、设备及装置 Download PDF

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WO2023217082A1
WO2023217082A1 PCT/CN2023/092752 CN2023092752W WO2023217082A1 WO 2023217082 A1 WO2023217082 A1 WO 2023217082A1 CN 2023092752 W CN2023092752 W CN 2023092752W WO 2023217082 A1 WO2023217082 A1 WO 2023217082A1
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sound pressure
array
sub
pressure coefficient
microphone
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PCT/CN2023/092752
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English (en)
French (fr)
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匡正
毛峻伟
范子璇
魏明洋
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苏州清听声学科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023217082A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023217082A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/18Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
    • G01S5/20Position of source determined by a plurality of spaced direction-finders
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/80Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • G01S3/802Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/803Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived from receiving transducers or transducer systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics
    • G01S3/8032Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived from receiving transducers or transducer systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics wherein the signals are derived sequentially
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of microphone array applications, and in particular to a sound source positioning method, system, medium, equipment and device.
  • the current microphone array sound source detection system mainly uses a planar microphone array to achieve detection and positioning. Due to the limitation of the array during the detection process, the directionality of the planar microphone array is limited and cannot meet the needs of all-round abnormal sound detection in the intersection environment. And because microphones can only be placed on the same plane, when the number of microphones increases, this placement method makes the system take up too much space. Therefore, in intersection scenarios, the selection of array layout needs to be improved.
  • a spherical microphone array can be used instead.
  • a common method is to use a single spherical microphone array for abnormal sound detection. Although it has relatively good performance, it is severely limited in intersection scenarios.
  • a single ball array can only restore a local sound field. When the sound source is far away from the array, the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal is low and the sound field restoration is difficult; on the other hand, the spatial resolution and estimation accuracy of the sound field are proportional to the number of sensors. , and there is an upper limit to the number of microphones that can be placed on a single sphere under radius constraints.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a sound source positioning method, system, medium, equipment and device based on a distributed spherical microphone array to position the sound source in all directions.
  • the present invention provides a sound source positioning method, which includes the following steps:
  • S1 Select the coordinate system and determine the number of sub-arrays in the distributed microphone array, the position of each sub-array, the number of microphones on each sub-array and the sampling method;
  • S5 Match the actual sound pressure coefficient with the weight of the filter output, output the azimuth spectrum, and determine the sound source azimuth.
  • the step S2 includes:
  • the step S3 includes:
  • the second basis function is multiplied by the first transfer matrix by the first basis function Obtained, determining the second sound pressure coefficient is obtained by multiplying the first sound pressure coefficient by the second transfer matrix.
  • the step S4 includes:
  • the first posterior probability of the actual sound pressure coefficient at the center of the sub-array where each microphone is located is determined based on the first prior probability
  • the step S5 includes:
  • the output power of the filter is constructed
  • the azimuth spectrum is:
  • the present invention also provides a sound source positioning system, including:
  • the preprocessing determination block is used to select the coordinate system and determine the number of sub-arrays in the distributed microphone array, the position of each sub-array, the number of microphones on each sub-array and the sampling method;
  • the first processing module is used to determine the spherical harmonic domain expression of the sound pressure received at each microphone position on each sub-array under the condition of a distributed spherical array;
  • the second processing module is used to divide the spherical harmonic domain expression of the sound pressure into basis functions and sound pressure coefficients, and derive the theoretical sound pressure of the global center of the distributed microphone array under sound field transfer according to the addition theorem. coefficient;
  • the third processing module is used to estimate the actual sound pressure coefficient at the global center of the distributed microphone array under actual conditions according to the Bayesian estimation criterion;
  • the fourth processing module is used to match the actual sound pressure coefficient with the weight of the filter output, output the azimuth spectrum, and determine the sound source azimuth.
  • the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein the program executes the above method.
  • the present invention also provides an electronic device, which is characterized in that it includes:
  • one or more processors memory and one or more programs, wherein said one or more programs are stored in said memory and configured to be executed by said one or more processors, said one or programs include methods for performing the above.
  • the present invention also provides a sound source positioning device, which is characterized in that it includes:
  • a microphone array including one or more sub-arrays, with one or more microphones provided on the sub-arrays;
  • a control terminal is communicatively connected to the microphone array and is used to execute the above method.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention proposes a sound source positioning method.
  • the spherical harmonic function axisymmetric addition theorem is used to transform the spherical center sound pressure coefficient of the distributed sub-array to the global center of the distributed microphone array, and then the spherical harmonic function axially symmetric addition theorem is used.
  • the orthogonality of the harmonic function estimates the azimuth of the incoming wave, which overcomes the limitations of the positioning direction of the existing microphone array system, as well as the problems of large size and inflexible array. It can effectively improve the azimuth resolution of low-frequency signals and is suitable for estimating low-frequency sound.
  • the source orientation is limited but the array layout space is limited.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the sound source positioning method in the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of sound pressure transfer in the sound source localization method of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the sound source positioning system in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic distribution diagram of a distributed spherical microphone array in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is the spatial azimuth spectrum simulated on a distributed spherical microphone array by coherent sound sources in different azimuths in the present invention
  • Figure 6 is the spatial azimuth spectrum simulated on a single spherical microphone array by coherent sound sources with different azimuths in the prior art.
  • this embodiment provides a sound source localization based on a distributed spherical microphone array.
  • method including the following steps:
  • S1 Select the coordinate system and determine the number of sub-arrays in the distributed microphone array, the position of each sub-array, the number of microphones on each sub-array and the sampling method.
  • the sub-array The array includes at least two.
  • sampling method distributed method
  • uniform sampling equiangular sampling
  • Gaussian sampling etc.
  • different sampling methods require different numbers of microphones, which are not further limited here. .
  • each sub-array there is no fixed standard for the spatial position of each sub-array. You can choose to place the sub-arrays on the same plane, or you can place them in a spherical three-dimensional shape according to the layout of the microphones on the sub-arrays.
  • the function based on the unit sphere can be expressed by the weighted spherical harmonic function, and the expression of the sound pressure is related to the position of the center of the sphere, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the microphone Q at a certain point in space is relative to the global center origin of the distributed microphone array.
  • the position of o is The position relative to the center q of the sub-array where microphone Q is located The location is Among them, ⁇ pitch angle, Azimuth.
  • the second spherical harmonic domain expression of the received sound pressure is:
  • the first spherical harmonic domain expression is divided into the first basis function and the first sound pressure coefficient, which is defined in the first spherical harmonic domain expression, is the first basis function, is the first sound pressure coefficient, and the first sound pressure coefficient is expanded to:
  • the second spherical harmonic domain expression is divided into the second basis function and the second sound pressure coefficient, which is defined in the second spherical harmonic domain expression, is the second basis function, is the second sound pressure coefficient, and the second sound pressure coefficient is expanded to:
  • the second basis function is obtained by multiplying the first basis function by the first transfer matrix.
  • the basis functions at each subarray are transferred to the global origin, that is, the transfer between the second basis function and the first basis function.
  • the relationship is:
  • the dimension of the first transfer matrix T is determined by the truncation order before and after the transfer.
  • the order at q before the sound field transfer is defined as V, and the order at o after the sound field transfer is N.
  • the complete form of the T matrix for:
  • the specific expansion formula is:
  • the second sound pressure coefficient is obtained by multiplying the first sound pressure coefficient by the second transfer matrix.
  • the second transfer matrix is obtained by derivation.
  • the transfer relationship between the second basis function and the first basis function is:
  • conditional probability of the actual sound pressure coefficient at the center q of the sub-array where each microphone is located is:
  • the mean value of the first posterior probability is S( ⁇ + ⁇ 0 -2 ⁇ ) -1 x
  • the covariance matrix is ⁇ 2 [IS( ⁇ + ⁇ 0 -2 ⁇ ) -1 S H ] .
  • the second prior probability of the actual sound pressure coefficient at the global center of the distributed microphone array is:
  • the mean value of the second posterior probability is (I+ ⁇ 0 -2 ⁇ ) -1 x
  • the covariance matrix is ⁇ 2 [I-(I+ ⁇ 0 -2 ⁇ ) -1 ].
  • the sound pressure coefficient at the global center of the distributed microphone array is estimated under actual circumstances, and the mean value of the second posterior probability is used as the actual sound pressure coefficient at the global center of the distributed microphone array, that is:
  • S5 Match the actual sound pressure coefficient with the weight of the filter output, output the azimuth spectrum, and determine the sound source azimuth.
  • the filter coefficient is set as:
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the Dirac ⁇ function.
  • the above sound source positioning method is used to process the data collected by the microphone, and the output can be as follows
  • the spatial azimuth spectrum shown in Figure 5 can clearly distinguish the two sound sources.
  • the center position of each part is the estimated actual azimuth, which contains pitch angle information and azimuth angle information.
  • the sound source localization method in this embodiment is based on a distributed spherical microphone array. Taking the spherical center q of the sub-array where each microphone is located as the center and the global center o of the distributed microphone array as the center, the position of each microphone on each sub-array is constructed respectively.
  • the expression of the received sound pressure in the spherical harmonic domain uses the axially symmetric addition theorem of the spherical harmonic function to transform the spherical center sound pressure coefficient of the distributed sub-array to the global center of the distributed microphone array.
  • the actual sound pressure coefficient under actual conditions uses the orthogonality of the spherical harmonic function to estimate the incoming wave azimuth, and obtains the azimuth spectrum by changing the observation direction of the filter to match the estimated actual sound pressure coefficient. , thereby determining the incident direction of the signal. It overcomes the limitations of the positioning directionality of the existing microphone array system, as well as the problems of large size and inflexible array. It can effectively improve the azimuth resolution of low-frequency signals and is suitable for estimating the azimuth of low-frequency sound sources but the array deployment space is limited.
  • this embodiment also proposes a sound source positioning system, including:
  • the preprocessing determination block 100 is used to select the coordinate system and determine the number of sub-arrays in the distributed microphone array, the position of each sub-array, the number of microphones on each sub-array and the sampling method;
  • the first processing module 200 is used to determine the spherical harmonic domain expression of the sound pressure received at each microphone position on each sub-array under the condition of a distributed spherical array;
  • the first processing module 200 specifically includes:
  • the first construction unit used to construct the first spherical harmonic domain expression of the sound pressure received at each microphone position on each sub-array with the spherical center of the sub-array where each microphone is located as the center.
  • the second construction unit is used to construct the second spherical harmonic domain expression of the sound pressure received at each microphone position on each sub-array with the global center of the distributed microphone array as the center.
  • the second processing module 300 is used to divide the spherical harmonic domain expression of sound pressure into basis functions and sound pressure coefficients, and derive the theoretical sound pressure coefficient of the global center of the distributed microphone array under sound field transfer according to the addition theorem;
  • the second processing module 300 specifically includes:
  • a first dividing unit used to divide the first spherical harmonic domain expression into a first basis function and a first sound pressure coefficient
  • a second dividing unit used to divide the second spherical harmonic domain expression into a second basis function and a second sound pressure coefficient
  • the first calculation unit is configured to obtain the second basis function by multiplying the first basis function by the first transfer matrix according to the addition theorem, and determine the second sound pressure coefficient by multiplying the first sound pressure coefficient by the second transfer matrix.
  • the third processing module 400 is used to estimate the actual sound pressure coefficient at the global center of the distributed microphone array under actual conditions according to the Bayesian estimation criterion.
  • the third processing module 400 includes:
  • the third construction unit is used to construct the spherical harmonic domain expression of the actual sound pressure received at each microphone position on each sub-array;
  • the second calculation unit is used to determine the first prior probability of the actual sound pressure coefficient at the center of the sub-array where each microphone is located based on the Bayesian estimation criterion;
  • the third calculation unit is used to determine the first posterior probability of the actual sound pressure coefficient at the center of the sub-array where each microphone is located based on the first prior probability;
  • a fourth calculation unit for determining a second prior probability of the actual sound pressure coefficient at the global center of the distributed microphone array
  • a fifth calculation unit is used to determine the second posterior probability of the actual sound pressure coefficient at the global center of the distributed microphone array.
  • the fourth processing module 500 is used to match the actual sound pressure coefficient with the weight of the filter output, and output Obtain the azimuth spectrum to determine the direction of the sound source.
  • the fourth processing module 500 specifically includes:
  • the fourth construction unit is used to construct the theoretical output expression of the filter
  • the fifth construction unit is used to combine the orthogonality of the spherical harmonic function to construct the output power of the filter
  • the sixth calculation unit is used to match the actual sound pressure coefficient with the weight of the filter output and output the azimuth spectrum
  • the azimuth estimation unit is used to find the peak value of the azimuth spectrum and determine the direction of the sound source.
  • the division of the above functional modules is only used as an example.
  • the above functions can be allocated to different functional modules according to needs.
  • Unit completion means dividing the internal structure of the system into different functional modules/units to complete all or part of the above functions.
  • the sound source positioning system and the sound source positioning method provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept. Regarding the specific implementation process of the sound source positioning system, see the method implementation for details, and will not be described again here.
  • Each module/unit in the above-mentioned sound source positioning system can be realized in whole or in part through software, hardware and combinations thereof.
  • Each of the above modules can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. Similarly, it can be embedded in or independent of the processor in the computer device in the form of hardware, or it can be stored in the memory in the form of software, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each of the above modules.
  • modules/units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated.
  • the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed to multiple on the module/unit. Some or all of the modules/units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of this embodiment.
  • This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program. When the program is executed by a processor, the above sound source localization method is implemented.
  • This embodiment also provides an electronic device, including: one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to One or more processors are executed, and one or more programs are executed by the processors to implement the above sound source localization method.
  • This embodiment also provides a sound source positioning device, which can be applied to abnormal sound source monitoring at intersections, including:
  • a microphone array includes one or more sub-arrays, and one or more microphones are provided on the sub-arrays;
  • each sub-array in the microphone array is set up at different directions on the traffic road. There is no fixed standard for the spatial position of the sub-array. You can choose to place the sub-arrays on the same plane, or you can refer to the location of the microphones on the sub-array.
  • the layout is arranged around a spherical three-dimensional shape.
  • the control terminal is communicatively connected to the microphone array, receives the sound source signal from the microphone array, and executes the above sound source positioning method to determine the direction of the sound source.

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Abstract

一种声源定位方法、系统、介质、设备及装置,方法包括:选取坐标系,确定分布式麦克风阵列中子阵的个数、各子阵的位置、各子阵上麦克风的数量及采样方式(S1);在分布式球形阵列条件下,构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的球谐波域表达式(S2);将声压的球谐波域表达式划分为基函数和声压系数,根据加法定理,推导声场转移下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心的理论声压系数(S3);根据贝叶斯估计准则,估计出实际情况下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处的实际声压系数(S4);将实际声压系数与滤波器输出的权重做匹配,输出方位谱,确定声源方位(S5)。

Description

一种声源定位方法、系统、介质、设备及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及麦克风阵列应用领域,特别涉及一种声源定位方法、系统、介质、设备及装置。
背景技术
随着现代社会的发展,噪声污染日益加剧,为了治理城市噪声污染问题,对于各场景下噪声源的检测与定位显得格外重要。道路违规炸街等异常声给附近居民、学生等带来了很大困扰,因此在道路上安放车辆异常声检测系统尤为必要。
当前的麦克风阵列声源检测系统主要采用平面麦克风阵列实现检测与定位,平面麦克风阵列在检测过程中由于阵形的限制,方向性受到局限,不能适应路口环境下的全方位异常声检测需求。并且因为麦克风只能布放于同一平面,在麦克风数量需求增多时,这样的布放方式使得系统所占空间过大。因此在路口场景下,阵列布放形式的选取有待改进提升。
针对平面麦克风阵列声源检测时方向性局限这一问题,可以选择采用球形的麦克风阵列来替代。常见的是采用单个球面麦克风阵列进行异常声检测的方法,虽然具有比较良好的性能,但在路口场景中受到巨大限制。一方面单个球阵列只能还原局部声场,当声源距离阵列较远时,接收信号的信噪比低,声场还原难度大;另一方面声场的空间分辨率和估计精度都与传感器数量成正比,而在半径约束情况下的单个球面上能布放的麦克风数量存在上限。
为了准确还原更大的声场从而估计声源方位,同时提升布放空间受限情况下的方位估计精度,需要寻找一种全新的声源定位方法以克服现有技术中的问 题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种声源定位方法、系统、介质、设备及装置,基于分布式球形麦克风阵列,全方位定位声源。
为了解决上述技术问题,一方面,本发明提供了一种声源定位方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:选取坐标系,确定分布式麦克风阵列中子阵的个数、各子阵的位置、各子阵上麦克风的数量及采样方式;
S2:在分布式球形阵列条件下,构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的球谐波域表达式;
S3:将所述声压的球谐波域表达式划分为基函数和声压系数,根据加法定理,推导声场转移下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心的理论声压系数;
S4:根据贝叶斯估计准则,估计出实际情况下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处的实际声压系数;
S5:将所述实际声压系数与滤波器输出的权重做匹配,输出方位谱,确定声源方位。
作为优选,所述步骤S2包括:
以各麦克风所在子阵球心为中心,构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的第一球谐波域表达式;
以分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心为中心,构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的第二球谐波域表达式;
作为优选,所述步骤S3包括:
将所述第一球谐波域表达式划分为第一基函数和第一声压系数;
将所述第二球谐波域表达式划分为第二基函数和第二声压系数;
根据加法定理,由所述第二基函数通过所述第一基函数乘以第一转移矩阵 获得,确定所述第二声压系数通过所述第一声压系数乘以第二转移矩阵获得。
作为优选,所述步骤S4包括:
构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的实际声压的球谐波域表达式;
根据贝叶斯估计准则,确定各麦克风所在子阵球心处实际声压系数的第一先验概率;
由所述第一先验概率确定各麦克风所在子阵球心处实际声压系数的第一后验概率;
假设分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处实际声压系数的第二先验概率;
确定分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处实际声压系数的第二后验概率,所述第二后验概率为实际情况下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处的实际声压系数。
作为优选,所述步骤S5包括:
设置滤波器系数,构造滤波器的理论输出表达式;
结合球谐波函数的正交性,构造滤波器的输出功率;
将所述实际声压系数与滤波器输出的权重做匹配,输出方位谱;
找到所述方位谱的峰值,确定声源方位。
作为优选,所述方位谱为:
式中,中为理论声压系数的样本协方差矩阵,为滤波器系数。
第二方面,本发明还提供了一种声源定位系统,包括:
预处确定块,用于选取坐标系,确定分布式麦克风阵列中子阵的个数、各子阵的位置、各子阵上麦克风的数量及采样方式;
第一处理模块,用于在分布式球形阵列条件下,确定各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的球谐波域表达式;
第二处理模块,用于将所述声压的球谐波域表达式划分为基函数和声压系数,根据加法定理,推导声场转移下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心的理论声压 系数;
第三处理模块,用于根据贝叶斯估计准则,估计出实际情况下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处的实际声压系数;
第四处理模块,用于将所述实际声压系数与滤波器输出的权重做匹配,输出方位谱,确定声源方位。
第三方面,本发明还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质包括存储的程序,其中,所述程序执行上述的方法。
第四方面,本发明还提供了一种电子设备,其特征在于,包括:
一个或多个处理器,存储器以及一个或多个程序,其中,所述一个或多个程序被存储在所述存储器中,并且被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行,所述一个或多个程序包括用于执行上述的方法。
第五方面,本发明还提供了一种声源定位装置,其特征在于,包括:
麦克风阵列,包括一个或多个子阵,所述子阵上设置有一个或多个麦克风;
控制终端,与所述麦克风阵列通信连接,用于执行上述的方法。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
本发明提出了一种声源定位方法,基于分布式球形麦克风阵列,利用球谐波函数轴对称加法定理将分布式子阵的球心声压系数变换到分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心,再利用球谐波函数的正交性估计来波方位,克服了现有麦克风阵列系统定位方向性局限以及体积偏大、阵形不够灵活等问题,可有效提升低频信号的方位分辨率,适用于估计低频声源方位但阵列布放空间受限的情况。
附图说明
在此描述的附图仅用于解释目的,而不是意图以任何方式来限制本发明公开的范围。另外,图中的各部件的形状和比例尺寸等仅为示意性的,用于帮助对本发明的理解,并不是具体限定本发明各部件的形状和比例尺寸。本领域的技术人员在本发明的教导下,可以根据具体情况选择各种可能的形状和比例尺 寸来实施本发明。在附图中:
图1是本发明中声源定位方法的流程图;
图2是本发明的声源定位方法中声压转移的示意图;
图3是本发明中声源定位系统的示意图;
图4是本发明中一种实施例中分布式球形麦克风阵列的分布示意图;
图5是本发明中不同方位的相干声源在分布式球形麦克风阵列上仿真的空间方位谱;
图6是现有技术中不同方位的相干声源在单个球形麦克风阵列上仿真的空间方位谱。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,当元件被称为“设置于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的,并不表示是唯一的实施例。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
如图1所示,本实施例提供了一种基于分布式球形麦克风阵列的声源定位 方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:选取坐标系,确定分布式麦克风阵列中子阵的个数、各子阵的位置、各子阵上麦克风的数量及采样方式。
在本实施例中,在选取坐标系时,为了方便后续的数据处理,优选的将分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心作为坐标原点o,从而确定各子阵的位置坐标,在本实施例中,子阵至少包括两个。
在麦克风的采样方式(布放方式)选取上,可采用均匀采样、等角采样、高斯采样等方式,在同等截断阶数下,不同的采样方式需要不同的麦克风数量,在此不做进一步限定。
进一步的,对各子阵的空间位置没有固定的标准,可以选择将子阵放在同一平面上,也可以参照子阵上麦克风的布放方式围绕成球形三维立体放置。
S2:在分布式球形阵列条件下,确定各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的球谐波域表达式。
基于单位球的函数可以用加权的球谐波函数来表达,而声压的表达式与球心位置有关,如图2所示,假设空间某一点麦克风Q相对于分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心原点o的位置为相对于麦克风Q所在子阵球心q的位置的位置为其中,θ俯仰角,方位角。
考虑幅度为A(ω)的单频声源从方向入射到区域Z,定义波矢k为则麦克风Q处的声压在球谐波域表达式为:
以各麦克风所在子阵球心q为中心,构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的第一球谐波域表达式:
以分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心o为中心,构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处 接收到的声压的第二球谐波域表达式:
S3:将声压的球谐波域表达式划分为基函数和声压系数,根据加法定理,推导声场转移下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心的声压系数。
将第一球谐波域表达式划分为第一基函数和第一声压系数,即定义在第一球谐波域表达式中,为第一基函数,为第一声压系数,第一声压系数展开为:
将第二球谐波域表达式划分为第二基函数和第二声压系数,即定义在第二球谐波域表达式中,为第二基函数,为第二声压系数,第二声压系数展开为:
根据加法定理,由第二基函数通过第一基函数乘以第一转移矩阵获得,将各子阵处的基函数转移到全局原点处,即第二基函数与第一基函数之间的转移关系式为:
式中,第一转移矩阵T的维度由转移前后的截断阶数共同决定,定义声场转移前在q处的阶数为V,声场转移后在o处的阶数为N,T矩阵的完整形式为:
第一转移矩阵T中的第n行m列元素表达式如下:
式中,G(n,m;v,μ;l)为Gaunt系数,截断阶数l=n+v+1,具体展开式为:
式中,都是Wigner3-j符号。
通过进一步推导,可以确定第二声压系数通过第一声压系数乘以第二转移矩阵获得,第二转移矩阵通过推导获得,第二基函数与第一基函数之间的转移关系式为:
式中,为分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处的理论声压系数。
S4:根据贝叶斯估计准则,估计出实际情况下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处的理论声压系数。
麦克风Q处的声压不仅受声源影响,还包含了高斯白噪声噪声n的干扰,因此各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的实际声压表达式为:
xQ=p+n=A(ω)eikR+n
将上述频域的声压转换到球谐波域,取截断阶数N,构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的实际声压的球谐波域表达式为:
式中,由于-n≤m≤n,0≤n≤N,因此T矩阵具有正交性,nnm依然服从高斯分布;
将各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的实际声压的球谐波域表达式两边同时 除以jn(kR)得:
假设∈∈Nc(0,∑),令S=T-1,则x可以写成:
根据贝叶斯估计准则可得,各麦克风所在子阵球心q处实际声压系数的条件概率为:
假设各麦克风所在子阵球心q处实际声压系数的第一先验概率为:

Ψ=SHS
则各麦克风所在子阵球心q处实际声压系数的第一后验概率为:
式中,可以看出第一后验概率的均值为S(Ψ+σ0 -2Σ)-1x、协方差矩阵为σ2[I-S(Ψ+σ0 -2Σ)-1SH]。
同理的,分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处实际声压系数的第二先验概率为:
则分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处实际声压系数的第二后验概率为:
式中,可以看出第二后验概率的均值为(I+σ0 -2Σ)-1x、协方差矩阵为σ2[I-(I+σ0 -2Σ)-1]。
根据第一转移矩阵T估计在实际情况下出分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处的声压系数,将第二后验概率的均值作为分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处的实际声压系数,即:
S5:将实际声压系数与滤波器输出的权重做匹配,输出方位谱,确定声源方位。
定义滤波器根据球谐波函数的正交性,设置滤波器系数为:
滤波器的理论输出表达式为:
式中,是滤波器扫描的观测方向,N为截断阶数。
结合球谐波函数的正交性,为:
确定滤波器的输出功率为:
式中,δ(·)是Diracδ函数。
在实际应用中,采用贝叶斯估计获得的实际声压系数与滤波器输出的权重做匹配,输出方位谱为:
式中, 为实际声压系数的样本协方差矩阵,L为估计样本协方差矩阵所用的快拍数。
找到方位谱的峰值,即可确定声源方位。
进一步的,为了更清楚的阐述基于分布式球形麦克风阵列的声源定位方法所带来的有益效果,在本实施例中对上述方法进行了如下仿真:
采用如图4所示的分布式球形麦克风阵列,包括4个由32个麦克风均匀排布的球形子阵,分别放置于四个位置,优选的可将4个子阵均匀分布在以分布 半径Rq=1.2m为半径的球面上。
假设空间内存在两个来自(35°,15°)和(-35°,-15°)方位上的500Hz相干声源,采用上述的声源定位方法对麦克风采集的数据进行处理,可输出如图5所示的空间方位谱,可清楚地分辨出两个声源,每部分的中心位置即为估计的实际方位,该方位包含俯仰角信息和方位角信息。
进一步的,采用单个球面麦克风阵列进行异常声的检测,在来自同样方位的两个相干声源入射的情况下,只能输出如图6所示的空间方位谱,无法分辨不同方位上的声源。
本实施例中的声源定位方法,基于分布式球形麦克风阵列,以各麦克风所在子阵球心q为中心和分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心o为中心,分别构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的球谐波域表达式,利用球谐波函数轴对称加法定理将分布式子阵的球心声压系数变换到分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心,根据贝叶斯估计准则,估计在实际情况下的实际声压系数,结合滤波器的权重,利用球谐波函数的正交性估计来波方位,通过改变滤波器的观测方向与估计的实际声压系数相匹配,获得方位谱,从而确定信号的入射方向。克服了现有麦克风阵列系统定位方向性局限以及体积偏大、阵形不够灵活等问题,可有效提升低频信号的方位分辨率,适用于估计低频声源方位但阵列布放空间受限的情况。
如图3所示,本实施例还提出了一种声源定位系统,包括:
预处确定块100,用于选取坐标系,确定分布式麦克风阵列中子阵的个数、各子阵的位置、各子阵上麦克风的数量及采样方式;
第一处理模块200,用于在分布式球形阵列条件下,确定各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的球谐波域表达式;
第一处理模块200具体包括:
第一构造单元:用于以各麦克风所在子阵球心为中心,构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的第一球谐波域表达式
第二构造单元,用于以分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心为中心,构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的第二球谐波域表达式。
第二处理模块300,用于将声压的球谐波域表达式划分为基函数和声压系数,根据加法定理,推导声场转移下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心的理论声压系数;
第二处理模块300具体包括:
第一划分单元,用于将第一球谐波域表达式划分为第一基函数和第一声压系数;
第二划分单元,用于将第二球谐波域表达式划分为第二基函数和第二声压系数;
第一计算单元,用于根据加法定理,由第二基函数通过第一基函数乘以第一转移矩阵获得,确定第二声压系数通过第一声压系数乘以第二转移矩阵获得。
第三处理模块400,用于根据贝叶斯估计准则,估计出实际情况下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处的实际声压系数。
第三处理模块400包括:
第三构造单元,用于构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的实际声压的球谐波域表达式;
第二计算单元,用于根据贝叶斯估计准则,确定各麦克风所在子阵球心处实际声压系数的第一先验概率;
第三计算单元,用于根据第一先验概率确定各麦克风所在子阵球心处实际声压系数的第一后验概率;
第四计算单元,用于确定分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处实际声压系数的第二先验概率;
第五计算单元,用于确定分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处实际声压系数的第二后验概率。
第四处理模块500,用于将实际声压系数与滤波器输出的权重做匹配,输 出方位谱,确定声源方位。
第四处理模块500具体包括:
第四构造单元,用于构造滤波器的理论输出表达式;
第五构造单元,用于结合球谐波函数的正交性,构造滤波器的输出功率;
第六计算单元,用于将实际声压系数与滤波器输出的权重做匹配,输出方位谱;
方位估计单元,用于找到方位谱的峰值,确定声源方位。
需要说明的是:上述实施例提供的声源定位系统在触发定位业务时,仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明,实际应用中,可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块/单元完成,即将系统的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块/单元,以完成上述的全部或者部分功能。另外,上述实施方式提供的声源定位系统与声源定位方法的实施方式属于同一构思,关于声源定位系统的具体实现过程详见方法实施方式,在此不在赘述。上述声源定位系统中的各个模块/单元可全部或部分通过软件、硬件及其组合来实现。上述各模块可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。同样的,可以硬件形式内嵌于或独立于计算机设备中的处理器中,也可以以软件形式存储于存储器中,以便于处理器调用执行以上各个模块对应的操作。
进一步的,上述作为分离部件说明的模块/单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为模块显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理模块,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个模块/单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块/单元来实现本实施方式的目的。
本实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,计算机可读存储介质包括存储的程序,该程序被处理器执行时实现上述的声源定位的方法。
本实施例还提供了一种电子设备,包括:一个或多个处理器,存储器以及一个或多个程序,其中,一个或多个程序被存储在存储器中,并且被配置为由 一个或多个处理器执行,一个或多个程序被处理器执行时实现上述的声源定位的方法。
本实施例还提供了一种声源定位装置,可以应用于路口的异常声源监控中,包括:
麦克风阵列,包括一个或多个子阵,子阵上设置有一个或多个麦克风;
在实际应用中,麦克风阵列中各子阵设置在交通道路的不同方位上,对子阵的空间位置没有固定的标准,可以选择将子阵放在同一平面上,也可以参照子阵上麦克风的布放方式围绕成球形三维立体放置。
控制终端,与麦克风阵列通信连接,接收麦克风阵列是去的声源信号,并执行上述的声源定位方法,确定声源方位。
关于控制终端执行的声源定位方法,具体执行细节及相应的有益效果与前述方法中的描述内容是一致的,此处将不再赘述。
应该理解,以上描述是为了进行图示说明而不是为了进行限制。通过阅读上述描述,在所提供的示例之外的许多实施例和许多应用对本领域技术人员来说都将是显而易见的。因此,本教导的范围不应该参照上述描述来确定,而是应该参照前述权利要求以及这些权利要求所拥有的等价物的全部范围来确定。出于全面之目的,所有文章和参考包括专利申请和公告的公开都通过参考结合在本文中。在前述权利要求中省略这里公开的主题的任何方面并不是为了放弃该主体内容,也不应该认为申请人没有将该主题考虑为所公开的发明主题的一部分。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种声源定位方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S1:选取坐标系,确定分布式麦克风阵列中子阵的个数、各子阵的位置、各子阵上麦克风的数量及采样方式;
    S2:在分布式球形阵列条件下,构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的球谐波域表达式;
    S3:将所述声压的球谐波域表达式划分为基函数和声压系数,根据加法定理,推导声场转移下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心的理论声压系数;
    S4:根据贝叶斯估计准则,估计出实际情况下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处的实际声压系数;
    S5:将所述实际声压系数与滤波器输出的权重做匹配,输出方位谱,确定声源方位。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的声源定位方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2包括:
    以各麦克风所在子阵球心为中心,构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的第一球谐波域表达式;
    以分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心为中心,构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的第二球谐波域表达式;
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的声源定位方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3包括:
    将所述第一球谐波域表达式划分为第一基函数和第一声压系数;
    将所述第二球谐波域表达式划分为第二基函数和第二声压系数;
    根据加法定理,由所述第二基函数通过所述第一基函数乘以第一转移矩阵获得,确定所述第二声压系数通过所述第一声压系数乘以第二转移矩阵获得。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的声源定位方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4包括:
    构造各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的实际声压的球谐波域表达式;
    根据贝叶斯估计准则,假设各麦克风所在子阵球心处实际声压系数的第一先验概率;
    由所述第一先验概率确定各麦克风所在子阵球心处实际声压系数的第一后验概率;
    确定分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处实际声压系数的第二先验概率;
    确定分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处实际声压系数的第二后验概率,所述第二后验概率为实际情况下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处的实际声压系数。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的声源定位方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S5包括:
    设置滤波器系数,构造滤波器的理论输出表达式;
    结合球谐波函数的正交性,构造滤波器的输出功率;
    将所述实际声压系数与滤波器输出的权重做匹配,输出方位谱;
    找到所述方位谱的峰值,确定声源方位。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的声源定位方法,其特征在于,所述方位谱为:
    式中,中为实际声压系数的样本协方差矩阵,为滤波器系数。
  7. 一种声源定位系统,其特征在于,包括:
    预处确定块,用于选取坐标系,确定分布式麦克风阵列中子阵的个数、各子阵的位置、各子阵上麦克风的数量及采样方式;
    第一处理模块,用于在分布式球形阵列条件下,确定各子阵上各麦克风位置处接收到的声压的球谐波域表达式;
    第二处理模块,用于将所述声压的球谐波域表达式划分为基函数和声压系数,根据加法定理,推导声场转移下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心的理论声压系数;
    第三处理模块,用于根据贝叶斯估计准则,估计出实际情况下分布式麦克风阵列的全局中心处的实际声压系数;
    第四处理模块,用于将所述实际声压系数与滤波器输出的权重做匹配,输出方位谱,确定声源方位。
  8. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质包括存储的程序,其中,所述程序执行如权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的方法。
  9. 一种电子设备,其特征在于,包括:
    一个或多个处理器,存储器以及一个或多个程序,其中,所述一个或多个程序被存储在所述存储器中,并且被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行,所述一个或多个程序包括用于执行如权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的方法。
  10. 一种声源定位装置,其特征在于,包括:
    麦克风阵列,包括一个或多个子阵,所述子阵上设置有一个或多个麦克风;
    控制终端,与所述麦克风阵列通信连接,用于执行如权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的方法。
PCT/CN2023/092752 2022-05-12 2023-05-08 一种声源定位方法、系统、介质、设备及装置 WO2023217082A1 (zh)

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