WO2023213056A1 - 可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置 - Google Patents

可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023213056A1
WO2023213056A1 PCT/CN2022/126989 CN2022126989W WO2023213056A1 WO 2023213056 A1 WO2023213056 A1 WO 2023213056A1 CN 2022126989 W CN2022126989 W CN 2022126989W WO 2023213056 A1 WO2023213056 A1 WO 2023213056A1
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Prior art keywords
sweat
test
electrode
detection device
substrate
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PCT/CN2022/126989
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈立国
申浩
王鹤
黄海波
庞焱
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苏州大学
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Application filed by 苏州大学 filed Critical 苏州大学
Priority to US18/027,107 priority Critical patent/US11737702B1/en
Publication of WO2023213056A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023213056A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/333—Ion-selective electrodes or membranes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of sweat detection, and in particular to a wearable passive sweat detection device based on liquid-solid friction effect.
  • Electrochemical methods include cyclic voltammetry, potential method, field effect transistor and impedance titration.
  • Chemical colorimetry also includes fluorescence detection and color reaction detection.
  • the electrochemical method requires a power supply and a relatively complex circuit design, and real-time monitoring equipment requires a long-term and stable supply of power. If the battery's endurance is not strong and it needs to be charged frequently, it can easily arouse user resentment, and the battery may still be damaged in some special environments. There are safety risks.
  • the chemical colorimetric method requires additional optical analysis equipment. These limit the wearability of traditional methods.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a wearable passive sweat detection device.
  • a wearable passive sweat detection device including at least one detection sensor, the detection sensor includes:
  • the sensing element includes a sweat collection part and a sweat self-driven detection part.
  • the sweat collection part is used to collect the sweat discharged by the sweat glands of the skin.
  • the sweat self-driven detection part includes a A guide part with a semi-conical structure, a test electrode and a back electrode provided on the outer conical surface of the guide part, with the narrow end of the guide part facing the sweat collection part;
  • Test element the test element is connected to the test electrode and the back electrode.
  • This device can be used to analyze a single droplet with high detection accuracy. Because the droplet is a closed reaction chamber with an independent liquid environment, compared with continuous fluid control technology, the droplet has a higher specific surface area, a larger temperature difference between the inside and outside of the droplet, a higher mass transfer efficiency, and a shorter diffusion distance. That is to say, the molecules are less dispersed in the liquid and the degree of contamination is lower, thereby improving the accuracy of detection.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention without a protective shell
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention without a protective shell
  • Figure 4 is a bottom view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an arrangement diagram of the ion-selective membrane and the test electrode on the guide part according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a micro-groove distribution diagram of the semi-conical structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a multi-parameter parallel detection sensor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a force analysis diagram of the outer conical surface of the sweat self-driven detection part of the liquid droplet according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of charge generated by liquid-solid friction of distilled water droplets according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of charges generated by liquid-solid friction of ionic solution droplets according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Detection sensor 10. Substrate, 201. Guide part, 202. Outer cone surface, 203. Test electrode, 204. Back electrode, 206. Micro groove, 207. First test electrode, 208. Second test Electrode, 30, test component, 301, first voltage test circuit, 302, second voltage test circuit, 401, through hole, 501, medical cotton, 601, ion selective film, 70, protective shell, 72, carrier plate, 80. Droplets.
  • the embodiment of the present application discloses a wearable passive sweat detection device, which includes at least one detection sensor 1.
  • the detection sensor 1 includes: a substrate 10; and a sensing element disposed on the substrate 10.
  • the sensing element includes a sweat collection part and a sweat self-driven detection part.
  • the sweat collection part is used to collect the sweat discharged by the sweat glands of the skin.
  • the sweat self-driven detection part includes a guide part 201 with a semi-conical structure, and is provided on the outside of the guide part 201.
  • the test electrode 203 and the back electrode 204 on the tapered surface 202 have the narrow end of the guide part 201 facing the sweat collection part; the test element 30 is connected to the test electrode 203 and the back electrode 204.
  • the guide portion 201 and the back electrode 204 are respectively provided on opposite surfaces of the substrate 10 .
  • the guide portion 201 is provided on the upper surface of the substrate 10
  • the back electrode 204 is provided on the lower surface of the substrate 10 .
  • the sweat collection part includes a through hole 401 opened on the base plate 10.
  • the through hole 401 directly connects to the sweat glands of the skin, so that the sweat discharged by the sweat glands passes through the through hole 401 and moves along the narrow end of the guide part 201 to the wide end. .
  • the substrate 10 and the guide part 201 are both made of PDMS material.
  • the substrate 10 is made of PDMS material to facilitate the detection device to adapt to wearable requirements.
  • the guide part 201 is made of PDMS material to facilitate the generation of liquid-solid friction effect and also improve the reliability. Wearability.
  • the upper surface of the base plate 10 is a flat surface to facilitate matching with the guide part 201
  • the outer cone surface 202 of the guide part 201 is a hydrophilic cone surface.
  • Nano-silica can be used to evenly coat the outer cone surface 202 of the guide part 201 so that the outer cone surface 202 becomes hydrophilic.
  • a plurality of micro-grooves 206 are provided on the outer cone surface 202 of the guide part 201 to increase the force exerted by sweat on the outer cone surface 202 and improve detection accuracy.
  • the test electrode 203 includes a first test electrode 207 and a second test electrode 208.
  • the test element 30 includes two voltage test circuits.
  • the two voltage test circuits are the first voltage test circuit 301 and the second voltage test circuit 302 respectively.
  • the positive and negative electrodes of the first voltage test circuit 301 are connected to the first test electrode 207 and the back electrode 204 respectively, and the positive and negative electrodes of the second voltage test circuit 302 are connected to the second test electrode 208 and the back electrode 204 respectively.
  • the voltage of sweat is detected twice through the first voltage test circuit 301 and the second voltage test circuit 302 to facilitate obtaining the moving speed of sweat, thus improving the accuracy of subsequent calibration results and making the relationship between concentration and voltage more accurate, that is, concentration
  • concentration are more accurate.
  • the test element 30 is not limited to a voltage test circuit, and two current test circuits can also be used for the test element 30 .
  • the first test electrode 207 and the second test electrode 208 are both electrode lines, and the back electrode 204 is a gold-plated layer.
  • the electrode wires are arranged on the outer cone surface 202 of the guide part 201 by electroplating.
  • both the first test electrode 207 and the second test electrode 208 extend onto the substrate 10.
  • a sweat discharge portion is provided at the wide end of the guide portion 201 .
  • the sweat discharge part is medical cotton 501, which can absorb the sweat flowing through, and at the same time, the medical cotton avoids causing allergies to the skin, and the medical cotton 501 can be replaced regularly.
  • an ion-selective membrane 601 is provided on the outer cone surface 202 of the guide portion 201 .
  • a protective shell 70 is provided on the substrate 10 .
  • a carrier plate 72 can be provided. Multiple detection sensors 1 can be installed on the carrier plate 72, and different ions can be used on each detection sensor 1.
  • the selective membrane 601 can detect different ion concentrations.
  • the carrier plate 72 is circular, so that the plurality of detection sensors 1 are evenly distributed on the carrier plate 72 along the circumferential direction.
  • the load-bearing plate 72 is made of PDMS material to improve wearability.
  • FIG. 8 shows the complete cone structure.
  • the complete cone structure is divided into two half-cone structures by the dotted line in Figure 8. , one of the semi-conical structures is the guide portion 201, and the narrow end of the guide portion 201 refers to the tip of the guide portion 201. Due to the asymmetry of the droplet curvature radius, Laplace pressure is generated:
  • r is the local radius of the semi-conical structure
  • R 1 and R 2 are the local radii of the semi-conical structure corresponding to both sides of the droplet located on the semi-conical structure
  • R 1 ⁇ R 2 ⁇ is the surface tension of the sweat droplet
  • R 0 is the droplet radius
  • ⁇ is the half vertex angle of the semi-conical structure
  • dz is the increment of the semi-conical structure.
  • the Laplace pressure in the area near the narrow end of the semi-conical structure is greater than the Laplace pressure in the area near the wide end, that is, the Laplace pressure at the small radius R 1 is greater than the Laplace pressure at the large radius R 2 pressure.
  • the internal Laplace pressure difference ( ⁇ P) caused by the asymmetric curvature of the droplet is the driving force for the droplet, causing the droplet to move from the narrow end to the wide end along the guide portion 201 with a semi-conical structure.
  • the gradient of surface energy is another driving force.
  • the micro-grooves 206 on the guide portion 201 have a width gradient.
  • the micro-grooves 206 are sparser near the wide end of the guide portion 201 than near the tip of the guide portion 201
  • the micro-grooves 206 are denser near the tip of the guide portion 201 than near the wide end of the guide portion 201 , that is to say, the tip of the guide portion 201 Rougher than the wide end of the guide portion 201 .
  • This surface-energy-free gradient generates the driving force F:
  • ⁇ is the surface tension of the sweat droplet
  • ⁇ a and ⁇ r are the advancing and receding contact angles of the droplet on the guide part 201, respectively
  • dl is the area near the tip l tip to the area near the wide end of the semi-conical structure l Integration variable between bases .
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram of the movement process when the droplets 80 are distilled water, that is, there are no other ions. Part of the droplet 80 is located on the first test electrode 207, and the other part is located on the PDMS of the guide part 201.
  • Figure 10 shows the movement process of droplets containing ions.
  • the ionic solution contacts the PDMS of the guide part 201, electron transfer and adsorption occur at the liquid-solid interface, as shown in Figure 10(a); when the droplet completely moves to the PDMS, as shown in Figure 10(b), the ionic solution
  • the sodium ions in the droplet replace the water molecules that have lost electrons, that is, the water molecules here are occupied by sodium ions; as shown in Figure 10(c), the number of polarized water molecules decreases, and the water molecules dispersed in the droplets There are fewer molecules, so the amount of charge measured decreases. That is to say, when the ion concentration is larger, there are fewer polarized water molecules, and the smaller the amount of charge measured is. Therefore there is a negative correlation between charge and ion concentration.
  • the ion-selective film 601 by setting up the ion-selective film 601, it can be ensured that only one kind of ion comes into contact with PDMS through the ion-selective film 601, and other ions are blocked, that is, it is ensured that only one kind of ion is attracted to the surface of PDMS, so that Determine which ion is responsible for the magnitude of the final electrical signal.
  • the sensing device is pasted on the skin surface through medical tape, and the through hole 401 is connected to the sweat glands of the skin. Then, the human body normally perspires during exercise or in a high temperature environment, and the sweat enters the sweat automatically from the through hole 401.
  • the detection part is driven, due to the asymmetric structure, the sweat droplets are subject to the Laplace force and move directionally along the outer cone surface 202 of the guide part 201. During the movement of the sweat droplets, due to the liquid-solid friction effect, the liquid and the solid surface It will have the opposite charge.
  • the test voltage values of the circuit 301 and the second voltage test circuit 302 can reflect the ion concentration.
  • the sweat moves from the narrow end to the wide end of the sweat driving detection part, that is, the detection is completed.
  • the discharged sweat is absorbed by the medical cotton 501, completing the detection process.

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Abstract

一种可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，包括至少一个检测传感器（1），检测传感器（1）包括：基板（10）；设于基板（10）上的传感元件，传感元件包括汗液采集部和汗液自驱动检测部，汗液采集部用于采集皮肤汗腺排出的汗液，汗液自驱动检测部包括呈半锥形结构的导向部（201）、设于导向部（201）的外锥面上的测试电极（203）、背部电极（204），导向部（201）的窄端对着汗液采集部；测试元件（30），测试元件（30）与测试电极（203）、背部电极（204）相连接。检测装置通过采用锥状结构，实现液固摩擦效应达到汗液成分的无源检测；同时实现柔性化，便于穿戴；通过使用不同的离子选择性薄膜，可以对不同的离子浓度进行检测。

Description

可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置 技术领域
本发明涉及汗液检测技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于液固摩擦效应的可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置。
 背景技术
现代社会生活节奏的不断加快和工作压力的不断增大，造成许多慢性疾病的发病率逐年增加并有年轻化的趋势。汗液作为一种易于获得且适用于长期监控的对象，成为了反映人体指标的一种新的对象，针对可穿戴汗液检测的研究也逐渐成为可穿戴医疗设备的热点。
 技术问题
现阶段，常见的汗液检测方法主要有两类，分别是电化学法和化学比色法。电化学方法又有循环伏安法、电势法、场效应晶体管和阻抗滴定法。化学比色法又包括荧光检测和颜色反应检测。电化学法需要电源和相对复杂的电路设计，而且实时监测设备更需要电源的长期稳定供应，如果电池的续航能力不强，经常需要充电，很容易引起用户反感，并且电池在一些特殊环境下还有安全隐患。而化学比色法需要额外的光学分析设备。这些都限制了传统方法的可穿戴化。
 技术解决方案
针对现有技术不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置。
为了实现上述目的，本发明一实施例提供的技术方案如下：
一种可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，包括至少一个检测传感器，所述检测传感器包括：
基板；
传感元件，设于所述基板上，所述传感元件包括汗液采集部和汗液自驱动检测部，所述汗液采集部用于采集皮肤汗腺排出的汗液，所述汗液自驱动检测部包括呈半锥形结构的导向部、设于所述导向部的外锥面上的测试电极、背部电极，所述导向部的窄端对着所述汗液采集部；
测试元件，所述测试元件与所述测试电极、背部电极相连接。
 有益效果
（1）通过液固摩擦效应实现了汗液成分的无源检测。
（2）通过使用仿仙人掌的锥状结构，实现了液滴的定向运动，从而实现液固摩擦。
（3）通过使用PDMS作为传感元件的主要材料，实现液固摩擦效应，同时实现柔性化，便于穿戴。
（4）通过使用不同的离子选择性薄膜，可以对不同的离子浓度进行检测。
（5）采用该装置可以实现对单一液滴进行分析，检测精度高。因为液滴是一个封闭的反应腔体，具有独立的液体环境，相较于连续流控技术，液滴比表面积更高、液滴内外的温差更大、质量转移效率更高、扩散距离更短也就是分子在液体中的分散程度更小、污染程度更低，从而提高检测的准确度。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的优选实施例的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的优选实施例的未设置防护壳的结构示意图；
图3为本发明的优选实施例的未设置防护壳的俯视图；
图4为本发明的优选实施例的仰视图；
图5为本发明的优选实施例的离子选择性薄膜与测试电极在导向部上的排布图；
图6为本发明的优选实施例的半锥状结构的微凹槽分布图；
图7为本发明的优选实施例的多参数并行检测传感器示意图；
图8为本发明的优选实施例的液滴在汗液自驱动检测部外锥面的受力分析图；
图9为本发明的优选实施例的蒸馏水液滴液固摩擦产生电荷示意图；
图10为本发明的优选实施例的离子溶液液滴液固摩擦产生电荷示意图；
图中：1、检测传感器，10、基板，201、导向部，202、外锥面，203、测试电极，204、背部电极，206、微槽，207、第一测试电极，208、第二测试电极，30、测试元件，301、第一电压测试电路，302、第二电压测试电路，401、通孔，501、医用棉花，601、离子选择性薄膜，70、防护壳，72、承载板，80、液滴。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1-图6，本申请实施例公开了一种可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，包括至少一个检测传感器1，检测传感器1包括：基板10；传感元件，设于基板10上，传感元件包括汗液采集部和汗液自驱动检测部，汗液采集部用于采集皮肤汗腺排出的汗液，汗液自驱动检测部包括呈半锥形结构的导向部201、设于导向部201的外锥面202上的测试电极203、背部电极204，导向部201的窄端对着汗液采集部；测试元件30，测试元件30与测试电极203、背部电极204相连接。导向部201与背部电极204分别设置在基板10的相对表面上。在本实施例中，导向部201设于基板10的上表面，背部电极204设于基板10的下表面。
具体地，汗液采集部包括开设在基板10上的通孔401，通过通孔401直接对接皮肤汗腺，便于汗腺排出的汗液穿过通孔401，并沿着导向部201的窄端向宽端移动。
优选基板10、导向部201均采用PDMS材质制成，基板10采用PDMS材质制成，便于该检测装置适应可穿戴的需求，导向部201采用PDMS材质，便于产生液固摩擦效应，同时也提高可穿戴性。
进一步地，基板10的上表面为平面，便于与导向部201相配合，导向部201的外锥面202为亲水锥面。可以使用纳米二氧化硅均匀涂敷在导向部201的外锥面202上，使得外锥面202形成亲水。
在本实施例中，导向部201的外锥面202上设置有多个微凹槽206，以提升汗液在外锥面202上的受力，提高检测的准确性。
具体地，测试电极203包括第一测试电极207和第二测试电极208，测试元件30包括两个电压测试电路，两个电压测试电路分别为第一电压测试电路301和第二电压测试电路302，第一电压测试电路301的正负极分别与第一测试电极207、背部电极204相连接，第二电压测试电路302的正负极分别与第二测试电极208、背部电极204相连接。通过第一电压测试电路301、第二电压测试电路302对汗液进行两次电压检测，便于得到汗液移动速度，从而提高后续标定结果的准确性，使得浓度与电压的关系式更准确，也就是浓度的检测结果越准确。可以理解的是，并不局限于电压测试电路，测试元件30也可以选用两个电流测试电路。
优选第一测试电极207、第二测试电极208均为电极线，背部电极204为镀金层。电极线采用电镀的方式设置在导向部201的外锥面202上。
为了便于第一测试电极207与第一电压测试电路301的电连接，同时便于第二测试电极208与第二电压测试电路302的电连接，优选第一测试电极207、第二测试电极208均延伸到基板10上。
在本实施例中，导向部201的宽端处设置有汗液排出部。进一步优选汗液排出部为医用棉花501，可以吸收流过的汗液，同时医用棉花避免对皮肤造成过敏，医用棉花501可以定期更换。
为了实现对汗液中某种成分的检测，优选导向部201的外锥面202上设置有离子选择性薄膜601。
为了避免对检测装置的污染，优选基板10上设置有防护壳70。
为了可以同时检测多种离子浓度的大小，实现多参数并行检测，请参阅图7，可以设置承载板72，承载板72上可以设置多个检测传感器1，每个检测传感器1上使用不同的离子选择性薄膜601，可以对不同的离子浓度进行检测。优选承载板72为圆形，则多个检测传感器1沿周向均匀分布在承载板72上。承载板72采用PDMS材质制成，提高可穿戴性。
汗液液滴在导向部201的外锥面202上，如图8所示，图8示出了完整的锥形结构，通过图8中的虚线将完整的锥形结构分成两个半锥形结构，其中的一个半锥形结构即为导向部201，导向部201的窄端指的是导向部201的尖端。由于液滴曲率半径的不对称，导致产生Laplace压力：
上式（1）中，r 是半锥形结构的局部半径 ，R 1和 R 2是位于半锥形结构上的液滴两侧所对应的半锥形结构的局部半径，R 1＜ R 2，γ是汗液液滴的表面张力，R 0是液滴半径，α是半锥形结构的半顶角，dz是半锥形结构的增量。半锥形结构窄端附近区域的拉普拉斯压力大于宽端附近区域的拉普拉斯压力，也就是小半径R 1处的拉普拉斯压力大于大半径 R 2处的拉普拉斯压力。液滴曲率不对称导致的内部Laplace 压力差（ΔP）是驱动液滴的动力，使液滴沿着呈半锥形结构的导向部201从窄端移动到宽端。
除了拉普拉斯压力的梯度，无表面能的梯度是另一个驱动力。具体来说，导向部201上的微凹槽206具有宽度梯度。微凹槽206在导向部201宽端附近比在导向部201尖端附近更稀疏，微凹槽206在导向部201尖端附近比在导向部201宽端附近更密集，也就是说导向部201的尖端比导向部201的宽端更粗糙。根据Wenzel方程，式（2）中，r是粗糙度系数，定义为实际表面积与粗糙表面几何投影面积的比率（光滑表面r=1，粗糙表面r＞1），θ 0和 θw分别是内在接触角和表观接触角，粗糙度的梯度产生润湿性梯度即无表面能量的梯度：
这种无表面能量的梯度产生驱动力F：
式（3）中，γ是汗液液滴的表面张力，θa和 θr分别是导向部201上液滴的前进和后退接触角，dl是半锥形结构的尖端附近区域l tip到宽端附近区域l base之间的积分变量。
以下介绍液固摩擦产生电信号的过程及其测量浓度的原理，如图9、图10所示。图9是液滴80为蒸馏水即无其他离子时的移动过程图。液滴80一部分位于第一测试电极207上，另一部分位于导向部201的PDMS上，PDMS与水分子接触后，也就是产生液固摩擦后，电子从水分子的氧原子跳到PDMS的LUMO（未占有电子的能级最低的轨道），如图9（a）；电子与水分子分离后，电子保留在PDMS上，与PDMS接触的水分子带正电荷，由于液滴80继续在PDMS上移动产生液固摩擦，则带正电荷的水分子增多了，如图9（b）；液滴80继续移动后，液滴80的一部分位于导向部201的PDMS上，另一部分移动到第二测试电极208上，水分子由于极化作用，一部分水分子被吸引到PDMS表面，另一部分分散在水中，如图9（c）所示，而分散的水分子的电量即为要测试的电信号。图10所示的是含有离子的液滴的移动过程图。当离子溶液与导向部201的PDMS接触时，电子转移和吸附发生在液固界面，如图10（a）；当液滴完全移动到PDMS上后，如图10（b）所示，离子溶液中的钠离子取代了失去电子的水分子，也就是此处的水分子被钠离子挤占了位置；如图10（c）所示，被极化的水分子减少，分散在液滴中的水分子减少，从而所测试到的电荷量减少。也就是说当离子浓度越大时，被极化的水分子越少，所测试得到的电荷量越小。因此电荷量与离子浓度之间呈负相关关系。
通过图9与图10的比对可以看到，图9（b）中由于没有其它离子的存在，因此与PDMS接触的有四个带正电荷的水分子，而图10（b）中由于有Na +的存在，挤占了水分子的位置，所以此处只有三个带正电荷的水分子，分散在液滴中的水分子也减少了，则电荷量也减少了。另外，通过设置离子选择性薄膜601，则能确保只有一种离子通过离子选择性薄膜601与PDMS接触，其它的离子被阻挡住，也就是确保只有一种离子被吸引在PDMS表面，这样就能确定最后的电信号的大小是由哪种离子造成的。
本发明在使用时，通过医用胶带将传感装置粘贴在皮肤表面，通孔401与皮肤汗腺对接，然后，人体在运动过程中或者在高温环境下正常排汗，汗液从通孔401进入汗液自驱动检测部，由于不对称的结构导致汗液液滴受到Laplace力，沿着导向部201的外锥面202实现定向的移动，汗液液滴在移动过程中，由于液固摩擦效应，液体与固体表面会带有相反的电荷，由于离子存在屏蔽作用也就是占用液滴中水分子位置，离子浓度越大，屏蔽作用越明显，因此电荷量与离子浓度之间呈负相关关系，通过第一电压测试电路301和第二电压测试电路302测试电压值可以反映离子浓度大小。汗液从汗液自驱动检测部的窄端运动至宽端，即完成检测，被排出的汗液被医用棉花501吸收，完成检测过程。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，其特征在于，包括至少一个检测传感器，所述检测传感器包括：
    基板；
    传感元件，设于所述基板上，所述传感元件包括汗液采集部和汗液自驱动检测部，所述汗液采集部用于采集皮肤汗腺排出的汗液，所述汗液自驱动检测部包括呈半锥形结构的导向部、设于所述导向部的外锥面上的测试电极、背部电极，所述导向部的窄端对着所述汗液采集部；
    测试元件，所述测试元件与所述测试电极、背部电极相连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，其特征在于，所述汗液采集部包括开设在所述基板上的通孔。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，其特征在于，所述基板、导向部均采用PDMS材质制成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，其特征在于，所述基板的上表面为平面，所述导向部的外锥面为亲水锥面。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，其特征在于，所述导向部的外锥面上设置有多个微凹槽。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，其特征在于，所述测试电极包括第一测试电极和第二测试电极，所述测试元件包括两个电压测试电路或两个电流测试电路，其中一个所述电压测试电路或电流测试电路的正负极分别与所述第一测试电极、背部电极相连接，另一个所述电压测试电路或电流测试电路的正负极分别与所述第二测试电极、背部电极相连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，其特征在于，所述第一测试电极、第二测试电极均为电极线，所述背部电极为镀金层。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，其特征在于，所述第一测试电极、第二测试电极均延伸到所述基板上。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，其特征在于，所述导向部的宽端处设置有汗液排出部。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的可穿戴式无源的汗液检测装置，其特征在于，所述导向部的外锥面上设置有离子选择性薄膜。
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