WO2023206868A1 - Signal transmission circuit, amplifier and transceiver - Google Patents

Signal transmission circuit, amplifier and transceiver Download PDF

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WO2023206868A1
WO2023206868A1 PCT/CN2022/113000 CN2022113000W WO2023206868A1 WO 2023206868 A1 WO2023206868 A1 WO 2023206868A1 CN 2022113000 W CN2022113000 W CN 2022113000W WO 2023206868 A1 WO2023206868 A1 WO 2023206868A1
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capacitor
inductor
impedance matching
stage load
load
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PCT/CN2022/113000
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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贾雯
池保勇
贾海昆
邓伟
王志华
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深圳清华大学研究院
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/56—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
    • H03F1/565—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for using inductive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
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  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a signal transmission circuit, comprising a pre-stage load, a post-stage load and an impedance matching circuit, the impedance matching circuit being electrically connected between the pre-stage load and the post-stage load, the impedance matching circuit being used for carrying out impedance matching on the output impedance of the pre-stage load and the input impedance of the post-stage load, the impedance matching circuit comprising a transmission line, the length of the transmission line being one quarter of the wavelength of a transmission signal, and by means of adjusting the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, the bandwidth of the impedance matching circuit being adjusted. Further provided in the present application are an amplifier and a transceiver. Therefore, the signal transmission circuit, the amplifier and the transceiver provided by the present application can achieve the impedance matching between the pre-stage load and the post-stage load by arranging the transmission line having a length being one quarter of the wavelength, and the bandwidth of the impedance matching circuit is adjusted by means of adjusting the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.

Description

信号传输电路、放大器以及收发机Signal transmission circuits, amplifiers and transceivers
本申请要求2022年04月26日提交的中国专利申请202210451958.7的优先权，其全部内容以引用的方式并入本文。This application claims priority from Chinese patent application 202210451958.7 submitted on April 26, 2022, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
技术领域Technical field
本申请涉及通信电路领域，尤其涉及一种信号传输电路、放大器以及收发机。The present application relates to the field of communication circuits, and in particular, to a signal transmission circuit, amplifier and transceiver.
背景技术Background technique
随着通信科技的发展，毫米波收发电路也得到了更为广泛的应用。毫米波收发电路包括阻抗匹配电路，且阻抗匹配电路用于对毫米波信号进行阻抗匹配，以提升毫米波信号的传输性能，降低毫米波信号的传输损耗，然而，现有的阻抗匹配电路的带宽不足，无法覆盖毫米波信号的频率范围。With the development of communication technology, millimeter wave transceiver circuits have also been more widely used. The millimeter wave transceiver circuit includes an impedance matching circuit, and the impedance matching circuit is used to impedance match the millimeter wave signal to improve the transmission performance of the millimeter wave signal and reduce the transmission loss of the millimeter wave signal. However, the bandwidth of the existing impedance matching circuit Insufficient to cover the frequency range of millimeter wave signals.
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种信号传输电路、放大器以及收发机，可以通过设置四分之一波长的传输线，实现前级负载与后级负载间的阻抗匹配，并通过调节传输线的特性阻抗，从而调节阻抗匹配电路的带宽。In view of the above problems, this application provides a signal transmission circuit, amplifier and transceiver, which can achieve impedance matching between the front-end load and the rear-end load by setting a quarter-wavelength transmission line, and by adjusting the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, Thereby adjusting the bandwidth of the impedance matching circuit.
第一方面，本申请提供一种信号传输电路，包括：前级负载与后级负载；阻抗匹配电路，阻抗匹配电路电连接于前级负载与后级负载之间，阻抗匹配电路用于对前级负载的输出阻抗以及后级负载的输入阻抗进行阻抗匹配；阻抗匹配电路包括传输线，传输线的长度为传输信号的波长的四分之一，通过调节传输线的特性阻抗，以调节阻抗匹配电路的带宽。In a first aspect, this application provides a signal transmission circuit, including: a front-stage load and a rear-stage load; an impedance matching circuit, the impedance matching circuit is electrically connected between the front-stage load and the rear-stage load, and the impedance matching circuit is used to The output impedance of the stage load and the input impedance of the subsequent stage load are impedance matched; the impedance matching circuit includes a transmission line, the length of the transmission line is one quarter of the wavelength of the transmission signal, and the bandwidth of the impedance matching circuit is adjusted by adjusting the characteristic impedance of the transmission line .
在一些可能的实现方式中，阻抗匹配电路包括第一电感、第一电容以及第二电容，第一电感电连接于前级负载与后级负载之间，第一电容电连接于第一电感的第一端与地之间，第二电容电连接于第一电感的第二端与地之间。In some possible implementations, the impedance matching circuit includes a first inductor, a first capacitor and a second capacitor. The first inductor is electrically connected between the front-end load and the rear-end load. The first capacitor is electrically connected to the first inductor. Between the first terminal and the ground, the second capacitor is electrically connected between the second terminal of the first inductor and the ground.
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一电感、第一电容以及第二电容的总特性阻抗为前级负载与后级负载的电阻值乘积的平方根。In some possible implementations, the total characteristic impedance of the first inductor, the first capacitor and the second capacitor is the square root of the product of the resistance values of the front-stage load and the subsequent-stage load.
在一些可能的实现方式中，阻抗匹配电路包括第二电感、第三电感以及第三电容，第二电感的第一端电连接于前级负载，第二电感的第二端电连接于第三电感的第一端、第二电容的第一端，第二电感的第二端电连接于后级负载。In some possible implementations, the impedance matching circuit includes a second inductor, a third inductor and a third capacitor. The first end of the second inductor is electrically connected to the front-end load, and the second end of the second inductor is electrically connected to the third capacitor. The first end of the inductor, the first end of the second capacitor, and the second end of the second inductor are electrically connected to the subsequent load.
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二电感、第三电感、第三电容总特性阻抗为前级负载与后级负载的电阻值乘积的平方根。In some possible implementations, the total characteristic impedance of the second inductor, the third inductor, and the third capacitor is the square root of the product of the resistance values of the previous stage load and the subsequent stage load.
在一些可能的实现方式中，阻抗匹配电路包括第四电容、第四电感以及第五电感，第一 电容电连接于前级负载与后级负载之间，第四电感电连接于第一电容的第一端与地之间，第五电感电连接于第一电容的第二端与地之间，第四电容、第四电感以及第五电感的总特性阻抗为前级负载与后级负载的电阻值乘积的平方根。In some possible implementations, the impedance matching circuit includes a fourth capacitor, a fourth inductor, and a fifth inductor. The first capacitor is electrically connected between the front-end load and the rear-end load, and the fourth inductor is electrically connected to the first capacitor. Between the first end and the ground, the fifth inductor is electrically connected between the second end of the first capacitor and the ground. The total characteristic impedance of the fourth capacitor, the fourth inductor and the fifth inductor is the difference between the front-end load and the rear-end load. The square root of the product of resistance values.
在一些可能的实现方式中，阻抗匹配电路包括第五电容、第六电容以及第六电感，第五电容的第一端电连接于前级负载，第五电容的第二端电连接于第六电容的第一端、第六电感的第一端，第六电容的第二端电连接于后级负载，第五电容、第六电容以及第六电感的总特性阻抗为前级负载与后级负载的电阻值乘积的平方根。In some possible implementations, the impedance matching circuit includes a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, and a sixth inductor. The first end of the fifth capacitor is electrically connected to the front-end load, and the second end of the fifth capacitor is electrically connected to the sixth inductor. The first end of the capacitor, the first end of the sixth inductor, and the second end of the sixth capacitor are electrically connected to the subsequent stage load. The total characteristic impedance of the fifth capacitor, the sixth capacitor, and the sixth inductor is the sum of the preceding stage load and the subsequent stage load. The square root of the product of the load's resistance values.
在一些可能的实现方式中，阻抗匹配电路包括变压器，变压器的初级线圈电连接于前级负载，变压器的次级线圈电连接于后级负载，变压器的特性阻抗为前级负载与后级负载的电阻值乘积的平方根。In some possible implementations, the impedance matching circuit includes a transformer. The primary coil of the transformer is electrically connected to the front-stage load. The secondary coil of the transformer is electrically connected to the rear-stage load. The characteristic impedance of the transformer is the difference between the front-stage load and the rear-stage load. The square root of the product of resistance values.
第二方面，本申请提供一种放大器，包括上述信号传输电路。In a second aspect, the present application provides an amplifier including the above signal transmission circuit.
第三方面，本申请提供一种收发机，包括接收机或者发射机，且收发机包括上述放大器。In a third aspect, this application provides a transceiver, including a receiver or a transmitter, and the transceiver includes the above-mentioned amplifier.
由此，本申请提供的信号传输电路、放大器以及收发机，可以通过设置四分之一波长的传输线，实现前级负载与后级负载间的阻抗匹配，并通过调节传输线的特性阻抗，从而调节阻抗匹配电路的带宽。Therefore, the signal transmission circuit, amplifier and transceiver provided by this application can achieve impedance matching between the front-end load and the rear-end load by setting a quarter-wavelength transmission line, and adjust the characteristic impedance of the transmission line to adjust The bandwidth of the impedance matching circuit.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本申请提供的信号传输电路的结构图。Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a signal transmission circuit provided by this application.
图2A至图2C为本申请的一个实施例提供的阻抗匹配电路的电路图。2A to 2C are circuit diagrams of an impedance matching circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图3为本申请的另一个实施例提供的阻抗匹配电路的电路图。FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an impedance matching circuit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
图4A至图4D为本申请提供的四分之一波长的传输线的等效电路图。4A to 4D are equivalent circuit diagrams of a quarter-wavelength transmission line provided by this application.
图5为将四分之一波长的传输线替换为阻抗匹配电路的示意图。Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of replacing a quarter-wavelength transmission line with an impedance matching circuit.
图6为将四分之一波长的传输线替换为另一种阻抗匹配电路的示意图。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of replacing a quarter-wavelength transmission line with another impedance matching circuit.
图7为将四分之一波长的传输线替换为另一种阻抗匹配电路的示意图。Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of replacing a quarter-wavelength transmission line with another impedance matching circuit.
主要元件符号说明Description of main component symbols
信号传输电路          10 Signal transmission circuit 10
前级负载              11 Preamplifier load 11
                      12、121、122、123、124、12, 121, 122, 123, 124,
阻抗匹配电路          1241、1242、1243、1244、Impedance matching circuit 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244,
                      12521252
后级负载              13 Post-stage load 13
电阻                  R1、R2、RW、RLResistors R1, R2, RW, RL
电容                  C、C1、C2、Cc1、Cc2、C’Capacitor C, C1, C2, Cc1, Cc2, C’
电感                  L、L1、L2、L11、L21Inductor L, L1, L2, L11, L21
变压器                T1、TX、TX0、TX1Transformer T1, TX, TX0, TX1
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。The following specific embodiments will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with the above-mentioned drawings.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本申请实施例中，“第一”、“第二”等词汇，仅是用于区别不同的对象，不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。例如，第一应用、第二应用等是用于区别不同的应用，而不是用于描述应用的特定顺序，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。In the embodiments of this application, words such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different objects and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying order. For example, first application, second application, etc. are used to distinguish different applications, rather than to describe a specific order of applications. Features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or More of this feature.
请参阅图1，为本申请提供的信号传输电路10的结构图。信号传输电路10包括前级负载11、后级负载13以及阻抗匹配电路12，阻抗匹配电路12电连接于前级负载11以及后级负载13之间，阻抗匹配电路12用于对前级负载11与后级负载13进行阻抗匹配，以提高信号的传输性能，降低信号的传输损耗。Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a structural diagram of the signal transmission circuit 10 provided in this application. The signal transmission circuit 10 includes a front-stage load 11 , a rear-stage load 13 and an impedance matching circuit 12 . The impedance matching circuit 12 is electrically connected between the front-stage load 11 and the rear-stage load 13 . The impedance matching circuit 12 is used to match the front-stage load 11 Impedance matching is performed with the downstream load 13 to improve signal transmission performance and reduce signal transmission loss.
可以理解，信号传输电路10可以设置于放大器中，用于对放大器的输入信号进行处理，放大器可以设置于收发机中，收发机包括接收机或发射机，以接收或发射经放大器放大的信号。It can be understood that the signal transmission circuit 10 can be disposed in an amplifier for processing the input signal of the amplifier. The amplifier can be disposed in a transceiver. The transceiver includes a receiver or a transmitter to receive or transmit signals amplified by the amplifier.
前级负载11通过节点IN1与节点IN2接收输入信号，可以理解，输入信号可以为前级负载11供电。在一些可能的实现方式中，前级负载11的阻抗可等效为电阻R1与电容C1的并联阻抗，即前级负载11的输出阻抗为Zout。The front-end load 11 receives the input signal through the node IN1 and the node IN2. It can be understood that the input signal can supply power to the front-end load 11. In some possible implementations, the impedance of the front-end load 11 can be equivalent to the parallel impedance of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1, that is, the output impedance of the front-end load 11 is Zout.
后级负载13通过节点OUT1与节点OUT2传送输出信号，可以理解，输出信号可以为后级负载13供电。在一些可能的实现方式中，后级负载13的阻抗可等效为电阻R2与电容C2的并联阻抗，即后级负载13的输入阻抗为Zin。The downstream load 13 transmits the output signal through the node OUT1 and the node OUT2. It can be understood that the output signal can power the downstream load 13. In some possible implementations, the impedance of the subsequent load 13 can be equivalent to the parallel impedance of the resistor R2 and the capacitor C2, that is, the input impedance of the subsequent load 13 is Zin.
可以理解，阻抗匹配电路12可以包括电容、电感或电阻，以对前级负载11的输出阻抗Zout和后级负载13的输入阻抗Zin进行阻抗匹配。It can be understood that the impedance matching circuit 12 may include a capacitor, an inductor or a resistor to perform impedance matching between the output impedance Zout of the front-stage load 11 and the input impedance Zin of the subsequent-stage load 13 .
请参阅图2A至图2C，分别为本申请的一个实施例提供的阻抗匹配电路121、阻抗匹配电路122以及阻抗匹配电路123的电路图。Please refer to FIGS. 2A to 2C , which are respectively circuit diagrams of the impedance matching circuit 121 , the impedance matching circuit 122 and the impedance matching circuit 123 provided by one embodiment of the present application.
如图2A所示，阻抗匹配电路121包括电容Cc1、电容Cc2、电感L1以及电感L2，电容Cc1与电容Cc2均电连接于前级负载11与后级负载13之间，电感L1电连接于电容Cc1的第一端与电容Cc2的第一端，电感L2电连接于电容Cc1的第二端与电容Cc2的第二端。As shown in FIG. 2A , the impedance matching circuit 121 includes a capacitor Cc1, a capacitor Cc2, an inductor L1 and an inductor L2. The capacitor Cc1 and the capacitor Cc2 are both electrically connected between the front-end load 11 and the rear-end load 13, and the inductor L1 is electrically connected to the capacitor. The first terminal of Cc1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitor Cc2, and the inductor L2 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the capacitor Cc1 and the second terminal of the capacitor Cc2.
可以理解，可以通过调节电容Cc1、电容Cc2的电容值，或电感L1以及电感L2的电感值，以调节信号的传输阻抗，实现前级负载11与后级负载13之间的阻抗匹配。It can be understood that the transmission impedance of the signal can be adjusted by adjusting the capacitance values of the capacitors Cc1 and Cc2, or the inductance values of the inductors L1 and L2, to achieve impedance matching between the front-stage load 11 and the subsequent-stage load 13.
如图2B所示，阻抗匹配电路122包括变压器T1，且变压器T1的耦合系数为k，变压器T1的初级线圈电连接于前级负载11的两端，变压器T1的次级线圈电连接于后级负载13的两端。As shown in FIG. 2B , the impedance matching circuit 122 includes a transformer T1 , and the coupling coefficient of the transformer T1 is k. The primary coil of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to both ends of the front-stage load 11 , and the secondary coil of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to the rear-stage load 11 . Load 13 at both ends.
可以理解，变压器T1将前级负载11与后级负载13隔离开来，提高了信号传输的隔离性能。由于变压器T1包括线圈(实质上为电感器)，因此也可以通过改变变压器T1的电感值，以调节信号的传输阻抗，实现前级负载11与后级负载13之间的阻抗匹配。It can be understood that the transformer T1 isolates the front-stage load 11 from the rear-stage load 13, thereby improving the isolation performance of signal transmission. Since the transformer T1 includes a coil (essentially an inductor), the inductance value of the transformer T1 can also be changed to adjust the transmission impedance of the signal to achieve impedance matching between the front-stage load 11 and the subsequent-stage load 13 .
如图2C所示，阻抗匹配电路123包括电容Cc1、电容Cc2、变压器T1，且电容Cc1与电容Cc2均电连接于前级负载11与后级负载13之间，变压器T1的耦合系数为k，变压器T1的初级线圈电连接于前级负载11的两端，变压器T1的次级线圈电连接于后级负载13的 两端。As shown in Figure 2C, the impedance matching circuit 123 includes a capacitor Cc1, a capacitor Cc2, and a transformer T1. The capacitor Cc1 and the capacitor Cc2 are both electrically connected between the front-end load 11 and the rear-end load 13. The coupling coefficient of the transformer T1 is k, The primary coil of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to both ends of the upstream load 11 , and the secondary coil of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to both ends of the downstream load 13 .
可以理解，可以通过调节电容Cc1、电容Cc2的电容值，或变压器T1的电感值，以调节信号的传输阻抗，实现前级负载11与后级负载13之间的阻抗匹配。It can be understood that the transmission impedance of the signal can be adjusted by adjusting the capacitance value of the capacitor Cc1 and the capacitor Cc2 or the inductance value of the transformer T1 to achieve impedance matching between the front-stage load 11 and the subsequent-stage load 13 .
请参阅图3，为本申请的另一个实施例提供的阻抗匹配电路124的电路图。阻抗匹配电路124包括电阻RW、电感L1以及电感L2，电感L1电连接于节点A以及电容C1的第一端，电感L2电连接于节点A以及电容C2的第二端。Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a circuit diagram of an impedance matching circuit 124 provided for another embodiment of the present application. The impedance matching circuit 124 includes a resistor RW, an inductor L1 and an inductor L2. The inductor L1 is electrically connected to the node A and the first end of the capacitor C1. The inductor L2 is electrically connected to the node A and the second end of the capacitor C2.
需要说明的是，电阻RW为节点A至节点B段传输线的等效电阻值，可选地，节点A至节点B段传输线的长度为传输信号的四分之一波长。四分之一波长的传输线具有阻抗转换特性，具体地，特征阻抗为Z 0的四分之一波长传输线连接纯阻性负载(例如，电阻R2)时，纯阻性负载的输入阻抗为
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000001
也就是说，特征阻抗为
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000002
的四分之一波长传输线可以实现纯阻性负载R 1和R 2之间的阻抗匹配。 It should be noted that the resistance RW is the equivalent resistance value of the transmission line section from node A to node B. Optionally, the length of the transmission line section from node A to node B is a quarter wavelength of the transmission signal. A quarter-wavelength transmission line has impedance conversion characteristics. Specifically, when a quarter-wavelength transmission line with a characteristic impedance Z 0 is connected to a purely resistive load (for example, resistor R2), the input impedance of the purely resistive load is
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000001
In other words, the characteristic impedance is
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000002
A quarter-wavelength transmission line can achieve impedance matching between purely resistive loads R1 and R2 .
电感L1用于抵消前级负载11中电容C1的等效容抗，电感L2用于抵消后级负载13中电容C2的等效容抗，由此，前级负载11的输出阻抗与后级负载13的输入阻抗呈纯阻性，特征阻抗为
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000003
的四分之一波长传输线可以实现前级负载11与后级负载13之间的阻抗匹配。 The inductor L1 is used to offset the equivalent capacitive reactance of the capacitor C1 in the front-stage load 11, and the inductor L2 is used to offset the equivalent capacitive reactance of the capacitor C2 in the subsequent-stage load 13. Therefore, the output impedance of the front-stage load 11 is the same as the subsequent-stage load. The input impedance of 13 is purely resistive, and the characteristic impedance is
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000003
The quarter-wavelength transmission line can achieve impedance matching between the front-end load 11 and the back-end load 13.
可以理解，四分之一波长传输线的特性阻抗可以根据实际情况调整，当特性阻抗越大时，阻抗匹配电路124的带宽越小，而当特性阻抗越小时，阻抗匹配电路124的带内波动越大，因此可以适应性地调整特性阻抗大小，以平衡阻抗匹配电路124的带宽以及带内波动。It can be understood that the characteristic impedance of the quarter-wave transmission line can be adjusted according to the actual situation. When the characteristic impedance is larger, the bandwidth of the impedance matching circuit 124 is smaller, and when the characteristic impedance is smaller, the in-band fluctuation of the impedance matching circuit 124 is smaller. Therefore, the characteristic impedance can be adaptively adjusted to balance the bandwidth and in-band fluctuation of the impedance matching circuit 124 .
可选地，四分之一波长的传输线还可以等效为如图4A至图4D所示的电路。具体地，如图4A所示，四分之一波长的传输线可以等效为阻抗匹配电路1241，阻抗匹配电路1241包括电感L以及两个电容C，电感L电连接于前级负载11与后级负载13之间，两个电容C分别电连接于电感L的第一端以及电感L的第二端，可以理解，阻抗匹配电路1241的特性阻抗与四分之一波长的传输线相同，均为
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000004
也即电感L以及两个电容C的总特性阻抗值为
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000005
可选地，两个电容C的电容值可以不相同。 Optionally, a quarter-wavelength transmission line can also be equivalent to a circuit as shown in FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D . Specifically, as shown in Figure 4A, a quarter-wavelength transmission line can be equivalent to an impedance matching circuit 1241. The impedance matching circuit 1241 includes an inductor L and two capacitors C. The inductor L is electrically connected to the front-stage load 11 and the subsequent stage. Between the loads 13, the two capacitors C are electrically connected to the first end of the inductor L and the second end of the inductor L respectively. It can be understood that the characteristic impedance of the impedance matching circuit 1241 is the same as that of the quarter-wave transmission line, which is
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000004
That is, the total characteristic impedance value of the inductor L and the two capacitors C is
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000005
Optionally, the capacitance values of the two capacitors C may be different.
如图4B所示，四分之一波长的传输线可以等效为阻抗匹配电路1242，阻抗匹配电路1242包括两个电感L以及电容C，两个电感L串联于前级负载11与后级负载13之间，电容C的第一端电连接于两个电感L之间，电容C的第二端接地。可以理解，阻抗匹配电路1242的特性阻抗与四分之一波长的传输线相同，均为
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000006
也即两个电感L以及电容C的总特性阻抗值为
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000007
As shown in Figure 4B, a quarter-wavelength transmission line can be equivalent to an impedance matching circuit 1242. The impedance matching circuit 1242 includes two inductors L and a capacitor C. The two inductors L are connected in series between the front-end load 11 and the back-end load 13. , the first terminal of the capacitor C is electrically connected between the two inductors L, and the second terminal of the capacitor C is grounded. It can be understood that the characteristic impedance of the impedance matching circuit 1242 is the same as that of a quarter-wavelength transmission line, which is
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000006
That is, the total characteristic impedance value of the two inductors L and capacitor C is
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000007
阻抗匹配电路1242与阻抗匹配电路1243工作于传输信号的低频状态，可以使得传输信号发生90°的相位偏移。The impedance matching circuit 1242 and the impedance matching circuit 1243 work in the low-frequency state of the transmission signal, which can cause a 90° phase shift in the transmission signal.
如图4C所示，四分之一波长的传输线可以等效为阻抗匹配电路1243，阻抗匹配电路1243包括两个电感L以及电容C，电容C电连接于前级负载11与后级负载13之间，两个电感L分别电连接于电容C的第一端以及电容C的第二端。可以理解，阻抗匹配电路1243的特性阻抗与四分之一波长的传输线相同，均为
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000008
也即两个电感L以及电容C的总特性阻抗值为
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000009
As shown in Figure 4C, a quarter-wavelength transmission line can be equivalent to an impedance matching circuit 1243. The impedance matching circuit 1243 includes two inductors L and a capacitor C. The capacitor C is electrically connected between the front-end load 11 and the rear-end load 13. , the two inductors L are electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C and the second terminal of the capacitor C respectively. It can be understood that the characteristic impedance of the impedance matching circuit 1243 is the same as that of a quarter-wavelength transmission line, which is
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000008
That is, the total characteristic impedance value of the two inductors L and capacitor C is
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000009
如图4D所示，四分之一波长的传输线可以等效为阻抗匹配电路1244，阻抗匹配电路1244包括两个以及电感L，两个电容C串联于前级负载11与后级负载13之间，电感L的第一端电连接于两个电容C之间，电感L的第二端接地。可以理解，阻抗匹配电路1244的 特性阻抗与四分之一波长的传输线相同，均为
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000010
也即两个电容C以及电感L的总特性阻抗值为
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000011
As shown in Figure 4D, a quarter-wavelength transmission line can be equivalent to an impedance matching circuit 1244. The impedance matching circuit 1244 includes two inductors L and two capacitors C connected in series between the front-end load 11 and the rear-end load 13. , the first end of the inductor L is electrically connected between the two capacitors C, and the second end of the inductor L is grounded. It can be understood that the characteristic impedance of the impedance matching circuit 1244 is the same as that of a quarter-wavelength transmission line, which is
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000010
That is, the total characteristic impedance value of the two capacitors C and inductor L is
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000011
阻抗匹配电路1243与阻抗匹配电路1244工作于传输信号的高频状态，可以使得传输信号发生-90°的相位偏移。The impedance matching circuit 1243 and the impedance matching circuit 1244 work in the high-frequency state of the transmission signal, which can cause the transmission signal to have a phase shift of -90°.
请参阅图5，为将四分之一波长的传输线替换为阻抗匹配电路1243的示意图。可以理解，将四分之一波长的传输线替换为阻抗匹配电路1243后，阻抗匹配电路1243中的电感L可以与电感L1合并为电感L11，电感L11的电感值为电感L与电感L1的并联总电感值。Please refer to Figure 5, which is a schematic diagram of replacing a quarter-wavelength transmission line with an impedance matching circuit 1243. It can be understood that after replacing the quarter-wavelength transmission line with the impedance matching circuit 1243, the inductor L in the impedance matching circuit 1243 can be combined with the inductor L1 to form the inductor L11, and the inductance value of the inductor L11 is the parallel sum of the inductor L and the inductor L1. Inductance value.
本实施例中，前级负载11与后级负载13间的跨阻Z21的s变换满足公式(1)：In this embodiment, the s transformation of the transimpedance Z21 between the front-stage load 11 and the subsequent-stage load 13 satisfies formula (1):
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000012
其中，ω1为前级负载11的谐振频率，ω2为后级负载13的谐振频率，Q1为前级负载11的品质因数，Q2为后级负载13的品质因数。Among them, ω1 is the resonant frequency of the front-end load 11, ω2 is the resonant frequency of the rear-end load 13, Q1 is the quality factor of the front-end load 11, and Q2 is the quality factor of the rear-end load 13.
若ω1＝ω2＝ω0，则公式(1)可简化为公式(2)：If ω1=ω2=ω0, then formula (1) can be simplified to formula (2):
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000013
由公式(2)可得，跨阻Z21在s域中存在两个极点，分别为ωL与ωH，
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000015
According to formula (2), it can be seen that the transresistance Z21 has two poles in the s domain, namely ωL and ωH.
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000015
可以理解，当特性阻抗Z0越大，极点ωL与极点ωH越接近，即阻抗匹配电路1243的带宽越小，当特性阻抗Z0越小，极点ωL与极点ωH越远离，即阻抗匹配电路1243的带宽越大。It can be understood that when the characteristic impedance Z0 is larger, the pole ωL is closer to the pole ωH, that is, the bandwidth of the impedance matching circuit 1243 is smaller. When the characteristic impedance Z0 is smaller, the pole ωL is farther away from the pole ωH, that is, the bandwidth of the impedance matching circuit 1243 is. The bigger.
请参阅图6，为将四分之一波长的传输线替换为阻抗匹配电路1241的示意图。可以理解，将四分之一波长的传输线替换为阻抗匹配电路1241后，电感L、电感L1以及电感L2可以等效为变压器TX，变压器TX的初级线圈电感值Lp、次级线圈电感值Ls以及耦合系数k分别满足公式(3)：Please refer to Figure 6, which is a schematic diagram of replacing a quarter-wavelength transmission line with an impedance matching circuit 1241. It can be understood that after replacing the quarter-wavelength transmission line with the impedance matching circuit 1241, the inductor L, the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 can be equivalent to the transformer TX, and the primary coil inductance value Lp, the secondary coil inductance value Ls of the transformer TX and The coupling coefficient k satisfies formula (3) respectively:
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000016
本实施例中，前级负载11与后级负载13间的跨阻Z21的s变换满足公式(4)：In this embodiment, the s transformation of the transimpedance Z21 between the front-stage load 11 and the subsequent-stage load 13 satisfies formula (4):
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000017
其中，ω1为前级负载11的谐振频率，ω2为后级负载13的谐振频率，Q1为前级负载11的品质因数，Q2为后级负载13的品质因数。Among them, ω1 is the resonant frequency of the front-end load 11, ω2 is the resonant frequency of the rear-end load 13, Q1 is the quality factor of the front-end load 11, and Q2 is the quality factor of the rear-end load 13.
若ω1＝ω2＝ω0，则公式(4)可简化为公式(5)：If ω1=ω2=ω0, then formula (4) can be simplified to formula (5):
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000018
由公式(5)可得，跨阻Z21在s域中存在两个极点，分别为ωL与ωH，
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000020
ω0为阻抗匹配电路1241的工作频率。 According to formula (5), it can be seen that the transresistance Z21 has two poles in the s domain, namely ωL and ωH.
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000020
ω0 is the operating frequency of the impedance matching circuit 1241.
可以理解，当特性阻抗Z0越大，极点ωL与极点ωH越接近，即阻抗匹配电路1244的带宽越小，当特性阻抗Z0越小，极点ωL与极点ωH越远离，即阻抗匹配电路1244的带宽越大。It can be understood that when the characteristic impedance Z0 is larger, the pole ωL is closer to the pole ωH, that is, the bandwidth of the impedance matching circuit 1244 is smaller. When the characteristic impedance Z0 is smaller, the pole ωL is farther away from the pole ωH, that is, the bandwidth of the impedance matching circuit 1244 is. The bigger.
请参阅图7，为将四分之一波长的传输线替换为阻抗匹配电路1252的示意图。具体地，阻抗匹配电路1252可以用于对输入信号或输出信号进行阻抗匹配(即阻抗匹配电路1252可以应用于输入阻抗匹配或输出阻抗匹配)，电阻RL为输入负载或输出负载。Please refer to Figure 7, which is a schematic diagram of replacing a quarter-wavelength transmission line with an impedance matching circuit 1252. Specifically, the impedance matching circuit 1252 can be used to impedance match the input signal or the output signal (that is, the impedance matching circuit 1252 can be applied to input impedance matching or output impedance matching), and the resistor RL is the input load or the output load.
本实施例中，先将四分之一波长的传输线替换为阻抗匹配电路1243，再于阻抗匹配电路1243与后级负载13之间插入变压器TX0，其中变压器TX0的变比为1:(n/k)，此时，阻抗匹配电路1243的特性阻抗变为
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000021
电容C的阻抗变为C’，电感L的阻抗变为L’，之后将变压器TX0与后级负载13间的电感L1等效至变压器TX0与前级负载11之间，将变压器TX0与前级负载11间的电容C1等效至变压器TX0与后级负载13之间，等效后，电感L1的阻抗变为(k/n) 2L 1，电容C1的阻抗变为(k/n) 2C'，最后将电感L(等效后阻抗为L’)、电感L1(等效后阻抗为(k/n) 2L 1)以及变压器TX0等效为变压器TXk，其中，电感L的阻抗L’、变压器TXk的初级线圈电感值Lp、变压器TXk的次级线圈阻抗值n 2Lp满足公式(6)： In this embodiment, the quarter-wavelength transmission line is first replaced with the impedance matching circuit 1243, and then the transformer TX0 is inserted between the impedance matching circuit 1243 and the subsequent load 13, where the transformation ratio of the transformer TX0 is 1:(n/ k), at this time, the characteristic impedance of the impedance matching circuit 1243 becomes
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000021
The impedance of the capacitor C becomes C', and the impedance of the inductor L becomes L'. Then the inductance L1 between the transformer TX0 and the rear-stage load 13 is equivalent to that between the transformer TX0 and the front-stage load 11. Capacitor C1 between load 11 is equivalent to between transformer TX0 and subsequent load 13. After equivalent, the impedance of inductor L1 becomes (k/n) 2 L 1 and the impedance of capacitor C1 becomes (k/n) 2 C', finally the inductor L (equivalent impedance is L'), inductor L1 (equivalent impedance is (k/n) 2 L 1 ) and transformer TX0 are equivalent to transformer TXk, where the impedance L of inductor L ', the primary coil inductance value Lp of the transformer TXk, and the secondary coil impedance value n 2 Lp of the transformer TXk satisfy formula (6):
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2022113000-appb-000022
本申请还提供一种放大器，包括信号传输电路10，放大器可以设置于收发机中，收发机包括接收机或发射机，以接收或发射经放大器放大的信号。This application also provides an amplifier, including a signal transmission circuit 10. The amplifier can be disposed in a transceiver. The transceiver includes a receiver or a transmitter to receive or transmit signals amplified by the amplifier.
可以理解，本申请提供的信号传输电路、信号传输电路、放大器以及收发机，结构简单，电子元件占用面积小，可以平衡阻抗匹配电路的信号带宽与带内波动。It can be understood that the signal transmission circuit, signal transmission circuit, amplifier and transceiver provided by this application have a simple structure, occupy a small area of electronic components, and can balance the signal bandwidth and in-band fluctuation of the impedance matching circuit.
本技术领域的普通技术人员应当认识到，以上的实施方式仅是用来说明本申请，而并非用作为对本申请的限定，只要在本申请的实质精神范围之内，对以上实施例所作的适当改变和变化都落在本申请要求保护的范围之内。Those of ordinary skill in the art should realize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application and are not used to limit the present application. As long as the above embodiments are appropriately modified within the scope of the essential spirit of the present application, Changes and variations are within the scope of protection claimed by this application.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种信号传输电路，其特征在于，包括：A signal transmission circuit, characterized by including:
    前级负载与后级负载；Pre-stage load and post-stage load;
    阻抗匹配电路，所述阻抗匹配电路电连接于所述前级负载与所述后级负载之间，所述阻抗匹配电路用于对所述前级负载的输出阻抗以及所述后级负载的输入阻抗进行阻抗匹配；An impedance matching circuit, the impedance matching circuit is electrically connected between the front-stage load and the subsequent-stage load, and the impedance matching circuit is used to match the output impedance of the front-stage load and the input of the subsequent-stage load. Impedance matching;
    所述阻抗匹配电路包括传输线，所述传输线的长度为传输信号的波长的四分之一，通过调节所述传输线的特性阻抗，以调节所述阻抗匹配电路的带宽。The impedance matching circuit includes a transmission line, the length of the transmission line is one quarter of the wavelength of the transmission signal, and the bandwidth of the impedance matching circuit is adjusted by adjusting the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的信号传输电路，其特征在于，所述阻抗匹配电路包括第一电感、第一电容以及第二电容，第一电感电连接于所述前级负载与所述后级负载之间，第一电容电连接于第一电感的第一端与地之间，第二电容电连接于第一电感的第二端与地之间。The signal transmission circuit of claim 1, wherein the impedance matching circuit includes a first inductor, a first capacitor and a second capacitor, and the first inductor is electrically connected to the front-stage load and the subsequent-stage load. , the first capacitor is electrically connected between the first end of the first inductor and the ground, and the second capacitor is electrically connected between the second end of the first inductor and the ground.
  3. 如权利要求2所述的信号传输电路，其特征在于，第一电感、第一电容以及第二电容的总特性阻抗为所述前级负载与所述后级负载的电阻值乘积的平方根。The signal transmission circuit of claim 2, wherein the total characteristic impedance of the first inductor, the first capacitor and the second capacitor is the square root of the product of the resistance values of the front-stage load and the subsequent-stage load.
  4. 如权利要求1所述的信号传输电路，其特征在于，所述阻抗匹配电路包括第二电感、第三电感以及第三电容，第二电感的第一端电连接于所述前级负载，第二电感的第二端电连接于第三电感的第一端、第二电容的第一端，第二电感的第二端电连接于所述后级负载。The signal transmission circuit of claim 1, wherein the impedance matching circuit includes a second inductor, a third inductor and a third capacitor, a first end of the second inductor is electrically connected to the front-end load, The second end of the second inductor is electrically connected to the first end of the third inductor and the first end of the second capacitor, and the second end of the second inductor is electrically connected to the subsequent load.
  5. 如权利要求4所述的信号传输电路，其特征在于，第二电感、第三电感、第三电容总特性阻抗为所述前级负载与所述后级负载的电阻值乘积的平方根。The signal transmission circuit of claim 4, wherein the total characteristic impedance of the second inductor, the third inductor, and the third capacitor is the square root of the product of the resistance values of the front-stage load and the subsequent-stage load.
  6. 如权利要求1所述的信号传输电路，其特征在于，所述阻抗匹配电路包括第四电容、第四电感以及第五电感，第一电容电连接于所述前级负载与所述后级负载之间，第四电感电连接于第一电容的第一端与地之间，第五电感电连接于第一电容的第二端与地之间，第四电容、第四电感以及第五电感的总特性阻抗为所述前级负载与所述后级负载的电阻值乘积的平方根。The signal transmission circuit of claim 1, wherein the impedance matching circuit includes a fourth capacitor, a fourth inductor and a fifth inductor, and the first capacitor is electrically connected to the front-stage load and the subsequent-stage load. , the fourth inductor is electrically connected between the first terminal of the first capacitor and the ground, the fifth inductor is electrically connected between the second terminal of the first capacitor and the ground, the fourth capacitor, the fourth inductor and the fifth inductor The total characteristic impedance is the square root of the product of the resistance values of the front-stage load and the subsequent-stage load.
  7. 如权利要求1所述的信号传输电路，其特征在于，所述阻抗匹配电路包括第五电容、第六电容以及第六电感，第五电容的第一端电连接于所述前级负载，第五电容的第二端电连接于第六电容的第一端、第六电感的第一端，第六电容的第二端电连接于所述后级负载，第五电容、第六电容以及第六电感的总特性阻抗为所述前级负载与所述后级负载的电阻值乘积的平方根。The signal transmission circuit of claim 1, wherein the impedance matching circuit includes a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor and a sixth inductor, the first end of the fifth capacitor is electrically connected to the front-end load, and the first end of the fifth capacitor is electrically connected to the front-end load. The second end of the five capacitors is electrically connected to the first end of the sixth capacitor and the first end of the sixth inductor. The second end of the sixth capacitor is electrically connected to the subsequent stage load. The fifth capacitor, the sixth capacitor and the third The total characteristic impedance of the six inductors is the square root of the product of the resistance values of the front-stage load and the subsequent-stage load.
  8. 如权利要求1所述的信号传输电路，其特征在于，所述阻抗匹配电路包括变压器，变压器的初级线圈电连接于前级负载，变压器的次级线圈电连接于后级负载，变压器的特性阻抗为所述前级负载与所述后级负载的电阻值乘积的平方根。The signal transmission circuit of claim 1, wherein the impedance matching circuit includes a transformer, the primary coil of the transformer is electrically connected to the front-stage load, the secondary coil of the transformer is electrically connected to the rear-stage load, and the characteristic impedance of the transformer is the square root of the product of the resistance value of the front-stage load and the subsequent-stage load.
  9. 一种放大器，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-8任一项所述的信号传输电路。An amplifier, characterized by comprising the signal transmission circuit according to any one of claims 1-8.
  10. 一种收发机，包括接收机或发射机，其特征在于，所述收发机包括如权利要求9所述的放大器。A transceiver includes a receiver or a transmitter, characterized in that the transceiver includes the amplifier according to claim 9.
PCT/CN2022/113000 2022-04-26 2022-08-17 Signal transmission circuit, amplifier and transceiver WO2023206868A1 (en)

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CN114785306A (en) * 2022-04-26 2022-07-22 深圳清华大学研究院 Signal transmission circuit, amplifier and transceiver
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