WO2023202193A1 - 单点激励的天线阵列、天线平面阵列及aau设备 - Google Patents

单点激励的天线阵列、天线平面阵列及aau设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023202193A1
WO2023202193A1 PCT/CN2023/076020 CN2023076020W WO2023202193A1 WO 2023202193 A1 WO2023202193 A1 WO 2023202193A1 CN 2023076020 W CN2023076020 W CN 2023076020W WO 2023202193 A1 WO2023202193 A1 WO 2023202193A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
radiation
strip
antenna unit
array according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/076020
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵志鹏
张昊
刘锋
孙磊
沈楠
吴广德
牛魁
Original Assignee
中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023202193A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023202193A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of base station antennas, and in particular to a single-point excitation antenna array, an antenna plane array and an AAU device.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a single-point excitation antenna array, an antenna plane array, and an AAU device.
  • a single-point excitation antenna array which includes: a strip radiating piece, with more than two radiating components arranged along the length direction of the strip radiating piece; and an antenna unit arranged at the strip radiating piece. below the strip-shaped radiation sheet and between two adjacent radiating components to excite the radiating components to perform high-order mode radiation; a metal reflection plate is disposed below the antenna unit to radiate the The antenna unit performs directional radiation.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an antenna plane array, which includes a plurality of antenna arrays as described in the first aspect, and the antenna arrays are arranged side by side along the width direction of the strip-shaped radiation piece.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an AAU device, including the antenna planar array described in the second aspect.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of the overall structure of the antenna array according to Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the antenna array according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the overall structure of the antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna array according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a gain radiation diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a side view of the overall structure of the antenna array according to Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna array according to Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna array according to Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is an exploded view of the antenna array according to Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna planar array according to Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • At least one (item) refers to one or more, and “plurality” refers to two or more.
  • “And/or” is used to describe the relationship between associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, “A and/or B” can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously. , where A and B can be singular or plural. The character “/” generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or” relationship. “At least one of the following” or similar expressions thereof refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (items) or a plurality of items (items).
  • At least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c” ”, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.
  • AAU equipment traditional array antennas connect each antenna unit through a feed network, and then radiate to form a beam. Due to the coupling loss between the feed network and the antenna unit, the layout space of the antenna unit in the AAU is limited. Therefore, with the development of wireless communication technology and the trend of smaller and smaller base station equipment, it is necessary to improve the antenna array in the current AAU architecture.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a single-point excitation antenna array, an antenna plane array and an AAU device, which can use a single antenna unit to excite the radiating components on the strip radiating sheet without a feed network to achieve dual Polarized coverage not only avoids losses caused by connecting to the feed network, but also reduces the size of AAU equipment, bringing better product competitiveness.
  • the single-point excitation antenna array includes:
  • the strip radiation sheet 1 has more than two radiation components 14 arranged along the length direction of the strip radiation sheet 1;
  • the antenna unit 2 is arranged below the strip radiation plate 1 and between two adjacent radiation components 14 to stimulate The excitation radiation component 14 performs high-order mode radiation;
  • the metal reflection plate 4 is arranged below the antenna unit 2 to directionally radiate the antenna unit 2 .
  • the strip radiation piece 1 is made of metal and is located above the antenna unit 2. There are more than two (for example, an even number) radiation components 14 distributed on the strip radiation sheet 1.
  • the radiation components 14 are excited by the antenna unit 2 and can Multiple groups of radiation currents of equal amplitude and phase are generated, thereby producing a radiation pattern equivalent to an array composed of multiple traditional antenna units. Therefore, the number of radiating components 14 and the size of the strip radiating sheet 1 can be adjusted according to actual gain requirements. For example, when the required gain is equivalent to array radiation of 3 traditional antenna units, the number of radiating components 14 is set to 2. When the required gain is equivalent to array radiation of 5 traditional antenna units, the number of radiating components 14 is set to 2. The quantity of 14 is set to 4, and so on.
  • the number of radiating components 14 on the strip radiating sheet 1 is increased, the number of equivalent traditional antenna units radiated by the array can be increased; as the number of radiating components 14 increases, the size of the strip radiating sheet 1 may also increase.
  • the number of antenna units 2 is one, and multiple radiating components 14 on a strip-shaped radiation sheet 1 above it are excited at a single point, and the antenna unit 2 is arranged on two adjacent radiating
  • the components 14 are used to excite each radiating component 14 to achieve a gain equivalent to array radiation of multiple traditional antenna units.
  • the strip radiation piece 1 is located directly above the antenna unit 2 and the antenna unit 2 is located in the center of the strip radiation piece 1.
  • the radiation component 14 is in the form of an antenna.
  • Units 2 are symmetrically distributed on the strip radiation plate 1.
  • the array beam direction often has an inclination angle (such as a downward inclination angle).
  • the antenna unit 2 can deviate along the length direction of the strip radiating plate 1 (the antenna unit 2 is still located between two adjacent radiating components). between 14).
  • the strip radiation piece 1 designed according to the embodiment of the present application is equivalent in size to the size of the antenna unit 2 array with equivalent gain to maximize compatibility with the existing AAU architecture.
  • the form of the radiation component 14 can be designed according to actual requirements, for example, opening a first rectangular slot 7 on the rectangular radiation plate 1, loading short-circuit pins, loading parasitic patches, etc.
  • the radiation component 14 can also add some second rectangular slots 7, loaded short-circuit pins, loaded parasitic patches, etc. on the basis of the above-mentioned first rectangular slots 7.
  • Slot 8 the isolation degree and the cross-polarization ratio are adjusted by the size of the second rectangular slot 8.
  • the number of the second rectangular slot 8 can be set according to the actual situation. For example, multiple second rectangular slots parallel to each other are set on one side of the radiation component 14.
  • the second rectangular slot 8 is provided on one side of the radiating component but not the second rectangular slot 8 on the other side, and so on.
  • these radiating components 14 on the strip radiating plate 1 are not necessarily symmetrically distributed, nor are they necessarily the same size. This depends on the direction of the required radiation waveform, that is, the side lobe requirements, so it can be flexibly based on actual needs. Design radiating assembly 14.
  • each radiating component 14 includes a first rectangular slot 7 and several second rectangular slots 8.
  • a second rectangular slot 8 is provided on both sides of the first rectangular slot 7.
  • the first rectangular slot 7 The length direction of the second rectangular groove 8 is the same as the length direction of the strip radiation plate 1.
  • the first rectangular groove 7 and the second rectangular groove 8 can be connected.
  • the first rectangular groove 7 and the second rectangular groove 8 are not connected.
  • two adjacent second rectangular grooves 8 are connected to form a single groove connecting the first rectangular grooves 7 on both sides.
  • the size and number of the first rectangular grooves 7 and the second rectangular grooves 8 can be designed according to actual needs.
  • the above descriptions and drawings are only some examples, and will not be listed one by one here.
  • the shape of the strip radiator 1 can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the whole is a rectangular flat plate, and the radiating components 1 are distributed along the length of the rectangular flat plate, or the whole is a tower-shaped flat plate, and the radiating components 1 are also distributed along the tower shape.
  • the strip radiation sheet 1 may not only be composed of a single metal sheet. Taking the strip radiation sheet 1 as a rectangular flat plate as an example, the strip radiation sheet 1 may also be a radiation sheet formed by stacking multiple layers of rectangular metal sheets, or may be multiple layers. A radiation sheet formed by splicing two smaller rectangular metal sheets on the same plane. After the splicing of these rectangular metal sheets is completed, the whole is still rectangular.
  • the strip radiation piece 1 is located above the antenna unit 2 and does not necessarily have to be in close contact with the antenna unit 2. It can also be located on the antenna unit 2. A certain height above element 2.
  • the metal reflective plate 4 is configured to radiate directional radiation to the antenna unit 2, and no dielectric plate or feed network may be provided on it. That is, the antenna unit 2 is qualitatively radiated through the metal reflective plate 4, and the antenna unit 2 is radiated qualitatively through the metal reflective plate 4.
  • the radiating component 14 forms a radiation beam, realizing an antenna array solution with a simple structure and high gain for single-point excitation without a feed network.
  • the shape of the antenna unit 2 can be rectangular, cylindrical, cross-shaped, etc.; when the antenna unit 2 needs to be coupled with the feed network, the feeding method of the antenna unit 2 can be metal probe 5 feeding or slot feeding. etc.; the material of the antenna unit 2 is a material with a high dielectric constant, such as a high dielectric constant ceramic material or a high dielectric constant plastic material, or other alternative materials with a dielectric constant above 5. It should be noted that no matter how the shape of the antenna unit 2 changes, the size of the antenna unit 2 along the width direction of the strip radiation sheet 1 is less than or equal to the width of the strip radiation sheet 1 . When it is necessary to adjust the impedance matching of the antenna unit 2, the antenna unit 2 can be chamfered. For example, on the rectangular parallelepiped antenna unit 2, the four sides perpendicular to the metal reflector 4 can be chamfered to adjust the impedance matching.
  • a radiation dielectric substrate 13 is also included.
  • the radiation dielectric substrate 13 is disposed between the strip radiation plate 1 and the antenna unit 2 and mainly plays the role of supporting the strip radiation plate 1 .
  • a feed network dielectric substrate 9 is also included.
  • the feed network dielectric substrate 9 is disposed between the antenna unit 2 and the metal reflection plate 4.
  • the feed network dielectric substrate 9 is etched with a differential feed network 10.
  • the differential feed network 10 is etched on the feed network dielectric substrate 9.
  • the electrical network 10 connects the feed portion on the antenna unit 2 .
  • the feeding part on the antenna unit 2 can be fed by the metal probe 5, slot feeding, etc., and is connected to the feeding network dielectric substrate 9 through the feeding part, and the feeding network dielectric substrate 9 is supported by the metal reflecting plate 4 .
  • a filter 3 is also included.
  • the filter 3 is arranged under the metal reflection plate 4.
  • the metal reflection plate 4 is provided with a via hole.
  • the filter 3 is connected to the feed part on the antenna unit 2 through the via hole.
  • the filter 3 can be arranged in conjunction with the above-mentioned feed network dielectric substrate 9 , and the filter 3 passes through the feed network dielectric substrate 9 through a via hole to connect to the antenna unit 2 .
  • the filter 3 can also be disposed above the metal reflecting plate 4, and the filter 3 and the antenna unit 2 are stacked or placed side by side. When the filter 3 and the antenna unit 2 are stacked, the effect is similar to the effect of the filter 3 being placed under the metal reflector 4.
  • the filter 3 and the antenna unit 2 When the filter 3 and the antenna unit 2 are placed side by side, the filter 3 and the antenna unit 2 The space between the strip radiation plate 1 and the metal reflection plate 4 is shared. In this case, the material of the filter 3 and part of the material of the antenna unit 2 can be the same. Furthermore, at this time, the filter 3 and the antenna unit 2 can be connected through a high medium.
  • the electrical constant materials are integrated and processed to form an integrated solution for antenna filtering, which reduces signal interconnection loss and the operating bandwidth of the antenna.
  • a coaxial interface 12 may also be included, and the coaxial interface 12 is connected to the input port of the filter 3.
  • the coaxial interface 12 is configured to connect the filter 3 and the signal board of the complete AAU device.
  • the single-point excitation antenna array obtained through the above structure can achieve dual polarization coverage, with a wide horizontal beam width and a narrow vertical beam width. Since there is no need to connect each antenna unit 2 through a feed network, compared with conventional antenna arrays of the same caliber, the antenna array of the embodiment of the present application has a simple structure and can avoid path loss and radiation caused by multiple feed networks. The gain is better, and the structure is also compatible with the conventional antenna array architecture in current base stations.
  • the single-point excitation antenna array is not restricted by the feed network, part of the material of the antenna unit 2 can be the same as the material of the filter 3, so the placement of the antenna array is more flexible, and both the antenna unit 2 and the filter 3 can be placed.
  • the two sides of the reflector of the whole machine can also be highly integrated and set on the same side of the reflector of the whole machine, which greatly saves the active array space and makes the size of the whole AAU equipment smaller.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide an antenna plane array, which includes multiple antenna arrays of the previous embodiments, and these antenna arrays are arranged side by side along the width direction of the strip radiation plate 1 .
  • each antenna unit 2 in the antenna plane array can be arranged in a straight line, and each antenna array adopts the same structure, as shown in Figure 10.
  • different structures can be used between antenna arrays, such as antenna arrays at different positions, antenna units 2 deviating from the strip radiation plate 1 at different distances, and so on.
  • the antenna array in one piece. For example, all the antenna arrays share a metal reflection plate 4. Another example is that the antenna unit 2 and the metal reflection plate 4 in all the antenna arrays are integrated. Another example is that when the antenna array includes a filter 3, the filter 3 is 3. The antenna unit 2 and the metal reflector 4 are processed into one piece.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an AAU device, including the aforementioned antenna planar array.
  • the antenna planar array is connected to the signal board in the AAU equipment, uses the antenna unit 2 to excite the strip radiation plate 1 to generate a high-order radiation pattern, and uses slotted and other radiation components 14 to adjust the radiation pattern and the isolation between dual polarization channels, thereby To achieve the desired array radiation pattern.
  • the single-point excitation antenna array is described below through some embodiments.
  • Embodiment 1 provides a single-point excitation high-gain antenna array solution without a feed network.
  • the structural solution of the antenna array requires array radiation equivalent to three traditional antenna units. It mainly consists of three parts: strip radiation plate 1, antenna unit 2 (dielectric resonator antenna in this embodiment) and metal reflection plate 4.
  • the strip radiation piece 1 (this embodiment is a rectangular flat plate) is located above the antenna unit 2, and the diameter is larger than the antenna unit 2. When the beam direction requirement is directly upward, the strip radiation piece 1 is located directly above the antenna unit 2. At this time The size of the strip radiation piece 1 is equivalent to the size of an antenna array equivalent to three traditional antenna units (when three traditional antenna units are arranged along a straight line).
  • the radiation component 14 on the strip radiation sheet 1 includes a first rectangular slot 7 and a second rectangular slot 8, which are configured to adjust the radiation performance.
  • the first rectangular slot 7 enables the entire strip radiation plate 1 to generate three sets of radiation currents of equal amplitude and phase, thereby producing an array radiation pattern equivalent to three traditional antenna units, while the size of the second rectangular slot 8 can be used to improve Isolation and cross-polarization ratio between two channels of dual polarization.
  • all the first rectangular slots 7 and all the second rectangular slots 8 are symmetrically distributed and have the same size. Therefore, a forward-radiating antenna beam and a left-right symmetrical radiation pattern are generated.
  • the shape of the antenna unit 2 in this embodiment is a cross, and its feeding method is fed by a T-shaped metal probe 5 .
  • the antenna unit 2 is made of ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 30.
  • the metal reflection plate 4 is located below the antenna unit 2 and only plays a directional radiation role for the antenna unit 2. There is no dielectric plate or feed network on its surface.
  • Embodiment 2 provides a single-point excitation differentially fed high-gain antenna array.
  • the structural solution of the antenna array is equivalent to the array radiation of three traditional antenna units, which is mainly composed of It consists of the following components: strip radiation plate 1, antenna unit 2 (dielectric resonator antenna in this embodiment), metal reflection plate 4, feed network dielectric substrate 9 and radiation dielectric substrate 13.
  • the strip radiation piece 1 (this embodiment is a rectangular flat plate) is located above the antenna unit 2, and the diameter is larger than the antenna unit 2. When the beam direction requirement is directly upward, the strip radiation piece 1 is located directly above the antenna unit 2. At this time The size of the strip radiation piece 1 is equivalent to the size of an antenna array equivalent to three traditional antenna units (when three traditional antenna units are arranged along a straight line).
  • the radiation medium substrate 13 is located between the antenna unit 2 and the strip radiation plate 1, and mainly supports the strip radiation plate 1.
  • the radiation component 14 on the strip radiation sheet 1 includes a first rectangular slot 7 and a second rectangular slot 8, which are configured to adjust radiation properties. able.
  • the first rectangular slot 7 enables the entire strip radiation plate 1 to generate three sets of radiation currents of equal amplitude and phase, thereby producing an array radiation pattern equivalent to three traditional antenna units, while the size of the second rectangular slot 8 can be used to improve Isolation and cross-polarization ratio between two channels of dual polarization.
  • all the first rectangular slots 7 and all the second rectangular slots 8 are symmetrically distributed and have the same size. Therefore, a forward-radiating antenna beam and a left-right symmetrical radiation pattern are generated.
  • the shape of the antenna unit 2 in this embodiment is a cube, and its feeding method is fed by a T-shaped metal probe 5 .
  • T-shaped metal probes 5 There are four T-shaped metal probes 5 , which are respectively arranged at the center of the four surfaces of the antenna unit 2 that are perpendicular to the metal reflection plate 4 .
  • the feed network dielectric substrate 9 is arranged between the antenna unit 2 and the metal reflector 4.
  • Two differential feed networks 10 are etched on the feed network dielectric substrate 9.
  • the differential feed network 10 is connected to the T-shaped metal probe 5.
  • a dual-polarized two-channel differential feed network is formed.
  • the metal reflection plate 4 is located below the feed network dielectric substrate 9 and only plays a directional radiation role for the antenna unit 2. There is no dielectric plate or feed network on its surface.
  • this embodiment Compared with Embodiment 1, this embodiment has a more symmetrical beam, lower side lobes, and can achieve a ⁇ 45° dual polarization array radiation function.
  • the horizontal beam width of this embodiment At 60° ⁇ 10°, the vertical beamwidth is at 20° ⁇ 5°, and the gain is at 11.6dBi, see Figure 5.
  • Embodiment 3 provides an integrated antenna filtering solution, which is an improvement in the structure of a differentially fed high-gain antenna array.
  • the structural solution requirement of the antenna array is equivalent to three traditional antenna units.
  • the array radiation is mainly composed of the following components: strip radiation plate 1, antenna unit 2 (dielectric resonator antenna in this embodiment), metal reflection plate 4, filter 3 (multi-order filter is used in this embodiment) , coaxial interface 12, feed network dielectric substrate 9 and radiation dielectric substrate 13.
  • the strip radiation piece 1 (this embodiment is a rectangular flat plate) is located above the antenna unit 2, and the diameter is larger than the antenna unit 2. When the beam direction requirement is directly upward, the strip radiation piece 1 is located directly above the antenna unit 2. At this time The size of the strip radiation piece 1 is equivalent to the size of an antenna array equivalent to three traditional antenna units (when three traditional antenna units are arranged along a straight line).
  • the radiation medium substrate 13 is located between the antenna unit 2 and the strip radiation plate 1, and mainly supports the strip radiation plate 1.
  • the radiation component 14 on the strip radiation sheet 1 includes a first rectangular slot 7 and a second rectangular slot 8, which are configured to adjust the radiation performance.
  • the first rectangular slot 7 enables the entire strip radiation plate 1 to generate three sets of radiation currents of equal amplitude and phase, thereby producing an array radiation pattern equivalent to three traditional antenna units, while the size of the second rectangular slot 8 can be used to improve Isolation and cross-polarization ratio between two channels of dual polarization.
  • all the first rectangular slots 7 and all the second rectangular slots 8 are symmetrically distributed and have the same size. Therefore, a forward-radiating antenna beam and a left-right symmetrical radiation pattern are generated.
  • the shape of the antenna unit 2 in this embodiment is a cube, and its feeding method is fed by a T-shaped metal probe 5 .
  • T-shaped metal probes 5 There are four T-shaped metal probes 5 , which are respectively arranged at the center of the four surfaces of the antenna unit 2 that are perpendicular to the metal reflection plate 4 .
  • the feed network dielectric substrate 9 is arranged between the antenna unit 2 and the metal reflector 4.
  • Two differential feed networks 10 are etched on the feed network dielectric substrate 9.
  • the differential feed network 10 is connected to the T-shaped metal probe 5.
  • a dual-polarized two-channel differential feed network is formed.
  • the metal reflection plate 4 is located below the feed network dielectric substrate 9 and only plays a directional radiation role for the antenna unit 2. There is no dielectric plate or feed network on its surface.
  • the filter 3 is arranged below the metal reflective plate 4. Its output port is connected to the T-shaped metal probe 5 through the via hole on the metal reflective plate 4. Its input port is connected to the coaxial interface 12 and to the whole machine through the coaxial interface 12. Build signal connections.
  • this embodiment adds a filter 3 under the metal reflector 4 to construct a filter antenna integration solution in a traditional AAU.
  • This embodiment can also add filter 3 on the basis of Embodiment 1 to construct a filter antenna integration solution in a traditional AAU.
  • Embodiment 4 provides another integrated antenna filtering solution, which is an improvement in the structure of a differentially fed high-gain antenna array.
  • the structural solution of the antenna array is equivalent to three traditional antennas.
  • the array radiation of the unit is mainly composed of the following components: strip radiation plate 1, antenna unit 2 (dielectric resonator antenna in this embodiment), metal reflection plate 4, filter 3 (dielectric filter in this embodiment) and dual polarization signal input port 6.
  • the strip radiation piece 1 (this embodiment is a rectangular flat plate) is located above the antenna unit 2, and the diameter is larger than the antenna unit 2. When the beam direction requirement is directly upward, the strip radiation piece 1 is located directly above the antenna unit 2. At this time The size of the strip radiation piece 1 is equivalent to the size of an antenna array equivalent to three traditional antenna units (when three traditional antenna units are arranged along a straight line).
  • the radiation medium substrate 13 is located between the antenna unit 2 and the strip radiation plate 1, and mainly supports the strip radiation plate 1.
  • the radiation component 14 on the strip radiation sheet 1 includes a first rectangular slot 7 and a second rectangular slot 8, which are configured to adjust the radiation performance.
  • the first rectangular slot 7 enables the entire strip radiation plate 1 to generate three sets of radiation currents of equal amplitude and phase, thereby producing an array radiation pattern equivalent to three traditional antenna units, while the size of the second rectangular slot 8 can be used to improve Isolation and cross-polarization ratio between two channels of dual polarization.
  • all the first rectangular slots 7 and all the second rectangular slots 8 are symmetrically distributed and have the same size. Therefore, a forward-radiating antenna beam and a left-right symmetrical radiation pattern are generated.
  • the shape of the antenna unit 2 in this embodiment is a cube, and its feeding method is a T-shaped metal probe 5.
  • the T-shaped metal probe 5 is arranged at the center of any surface of the antenna unit 2 that is perpendicular to the metal reflection plate 4. .
  • the filter 3 is arranged between the strip radiating sheet 1 and the metal reflecting plate 4.
  • the T-shaped metal probe 5 is connected to the filter 3 (it can also be interconnected through a gap).
  • the antenna unit 2 radiates energy and is radiated by the strip radiating sheet. 1. Beam-forming and amplifying the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit 2, and finally forming the required waveform for radiation.
  • the antenna unit 2 is located between the filter 3 and the strip radiation plate 1.
  • the surface of the filter 3 is plated with metal and has metallized vias inside to realize the functions of the conventional multi-order filter 11.
  • the filter 3 and the antenna unit 2 are only coupled and interconnected through the T-shaped metal probe 5, which can reduce the interconnection loss and the antenna working bandwidth;
  • another situation is that the antenna unit 2 and the filter 3 are located on the same plane and do not need to be placed up and down. , that is, the antenna unit 2 and the filter 3 are located between the strip radiation plate 1 and the metal reflector 4 at the same time, thereby reducing the overall cross-sectional height of the AAU.
  • the filter 3, the antenna unit 2 and the strip radiation plate 1 can be integrated and processed from high dielectric constant plastic materials; the same function can also be achieved by specially designing the plastic material structure and partially metallizing the plastic surface. , and it is lighter in weight, simpler in processing and assembly, and reduces equipment costs.
  • an antenna planar array solution is provided.
  • the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 4 can be arrayed separately to form a planar array effect.
  • the requirement of the antenna planar array in this embodiment is equivalent to the effect of a conventional 5x3 array.
  • the antenna array formation in Embodiment 4 is used as an example for explanation.
  • Embodiment 4 The basic structure has been explained in Embodiment 4. This embodiment explains the difference from Embodiment 4: the number of first rectangular slots 7 provided on the strip radiation plate 1 is four, which is equivalent to five traditional antenna units. array. It is worth noting that in each antenna array in Embodiment 5, there is only one first rectangular slot 7 at both ends (that is, the first and fourth first rectangular slot 7 when viewed along the length direction of the strip radiation plate 1).
  • the second rectangular groove 8 is provided on one side, and the second rectangular groove 8 is not provided on the other side.
  • the three antenna units 2 are arranged in a straight line, and the filter 3, the antenna unit 2 and the strip radiation plate 1 can be integrally processed by high dielectric constant plastic materials.
  • the metal reflection plate 4 is formed in a single piece, which reduces the assembly time. Difficulty and equipment cost.
  • the single-point excitation antenna array and the antenna planar array provided by the embodiments of the present application have at least the following beneficial effects: the single-point excitation antenna array excites the radiating components on the strip radiating plate through a single antenna unit to achieve dual polarization coverage and horizontal The beamwidth is wider and the vertical beamwidth is narrower. Since a single-point excitation antenna array does not need to connect each antenna unit through a feed network, compared with conventional antenna arrays of the same caliber, the antenna array of the embodiment of the present application has a simple structure and can avoid the problems caused by multiple feed networks. The path loss and radiation gain are better, and the structure is also compatible with the conventional antenna array architecture in current base stations.
  • the single-point excitation antenna array is not restricted by the feed network, part of the material of the antenna unit can be the same as the material of the filter. Therefore, the placement position of the antenna array in the embodiment of the present application is more flexible, and both the antenna unit and the filter can be Set on both sides of the reflector of the whole machine, it can also be highly integrated and set on the same side of the reflector of the whole machine, which greatly saves the active array space and makes the AAU (Active Antenna Unit) equipment more efficient. The size becomes smaller.
  • the single-point excitation antenna array and antenna planar array provided by the embodiments of the present application can achieve array radiation effects without a feed network, have better radiation gain, and are compatible with existing antenna planar array architectures.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种单点激励的天线阵列、天线平面阵列及AAU设备，其中，天线阵列包括：条形辐射片、天线单元和金属反射板，沿条形辐射片的长度方向设置有两个以上辐射组件；天线单元设置在条形辐射片的下方且位于其中两个相邻的辐射组件之间，以激励辐射组件进行高次模辐射；金属反射板设置在天线单元的下方以对天线单元进行定向辐射。

Description

单点激励的天线阵列、天线平面阵列及AAU设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202210416026.9、申请日为2022年04月20日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及基站天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种单点激励的天线阵列、天线平面阵列及AAU设备。
背景技术
随着无线通讯技术的发展，基站设备体积要求越来越小，性能要求越来越高，功能要求越来越多，因此对于通信设备的前端射频电路要求也越来越高。在天线技术领域，滤波器和天线作为无线通信设备的关键器件，其技术创新将会给极大促进通信设备的进步。
传统的阵列天线是通过馈电网络将各个天线单元连接辐射，会引入较高的馈线损耗，进而影响天线阵列的布局空间，在目前无线通讯环境下应用不尽如人意。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本申请实施例提供了一种单点激励的天线阵列、天线平面阵列及AAU设备。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种单点激励的天线阵列，包括：条形辐射片，沿所述条形辐射片的长度方向设置有两个以上辐射组件；天线单元，设置在所述条形辐射片的下方且位于其中两个相邻的所述辐射组件之间，以激励所述辐射组件进行高次模辐射；金属反射板，设置在所述天线单元的下方以对所述天线单元进行定向辐射。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种天线平面阵列，包括多个如第一方面所述的天线阵列，所述天线阵列沿所述条形辐射片的宽度方向并排设置。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种AAU设备，包括如第二方面所述的天线平面阵列。
本申请的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本申请技术方案的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本申请的技术方案，并不构成对本申请技术方案的限制。
图1是本申请实施例一的天线阵列的整体结构侧视图；
图2是本申请实施例一的天线阵列的爆炸图；
图3是本申请实施例二的天线阵列的整体结构侧视图；
图4是本申请实施例二的天线阵列的三维结构图；
图5是本申请实施例二的增益辐射图；
图6是本申请实施例三的天线阵列的整体结构侧视图；
图7是本申请实施例三的天线阵列的三维结构图；
图8是本申请实施例四的天线阵列的三维结构图；
图9是本申请实施例四的天线阵列的爆炸图；
图10是本申请实施例五的天线平面阵列的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
本申请的说明书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施例，例如能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或装置不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或装置固有的其他步骤或单元。
应当理解，在本申请中，“至少一个(项)”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：只存在A，只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，“a和b”，“a和c”，“b和c”，或“a和b和c”，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
应当理解，在本申请实施例的描述中，多个(或多项)的含义是两个以上，大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数，以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。
在AAU设备中，传统的阵列天线通过馈电网络将各个天线单元接起来，进而辐射形成波束，由于馈电网络和天线单元之间耦合存在损耗，并且限制了天线单元在AAU中的布局空间，因此随着无线通讯技术的发展，在基站设备体积越来越小的趋势下，有必要对目前AAU架构中天线阵列进行改进。
基于此，本申请实施例提供了一种单点激励的天线阵列、天线平面阵列及AAU设备，可以在无馈电网络的情况下，采用单个天线单元激励条形辐射片上的辐射组件，实现双极化覆盖，不但避免了连接馈电网络带来损耗，还可以缩小AAU设备体积，带来更好的产品竞争力。
参照图1，本申请实施例的单点激励的天线阵列，包括：
条形辐射片1，沿条形辐射片1的长度方向设置有两个以上个辐射组件14；
天线单元2，设置在条形辐射片1的下方且位于其中两个相邻的辐射组件14之间，以激 励辐射组件14进行高次模辐射；
金属反射板4，设置在天线单元2的下方以对天线单元2进行定向辐射。
条形辐射片1为金属材质，位于天线单元2的上方，并且在条形辐射片1上分布有两个以上(例如正偶数个)辐射组件14，辐射组件14受到天线单元2的激励，能够产生多组等幅同相的辐射电流，从而产生等效于多个传统天线单元组成的阵列辐射方向图。因此根据实际增益需求，可以调整辐射组件14的数量以及条形辐射片1的尺寸。例如，在需求增益等效于3个传统天线单元的阵列辐射的情况下，辐射组件14的数量设置为2个，在需求增益等效于5个传统天线单元的阵列辐射的情况下，辐射组件14的数量设置为4个，以此类推。因此可知，当增加条形辐射片1上辐射组件14的数量，可以增加所等效的阵列辐射的传统天线单元数；辐射组件14数量增多，条形辐射片1的尺寸也可能增大。
可以理解的是，天线单元2的数量为1个，对其上方的1块条形辐射片1上的多个辐射组件14进行单点激励，并且天线单元2设置在其中两个相邻的辐射组件14之间以对各个辐射组件14进行激励，实现增益等效于多个传统天线单元的阵列辐射。以图1为例，当阵列波束指向需求为正上方时，则条形辐射片1位于天线单元2的正上方且天线单元2位于条形辐射片1的中央位置，此时辐射组件14以天线单元2为对称分布在条形辐射片1上。但是在实际工程中，阵列波束指向往往会有倾角(例如下倾角)，则此时天线单元2可以沿条形辐射片1的长度方向偏离(天线单元2仍位于其中两个相邻的辐射组件14之间)。按照本申请实施例设计的条形辐射片1，在尺寸上与增益等效的天线单元2阵列的尺寸相当，以最大限度地兼容现有的AAU架构。
辐射组件14的形式可以根据实际需求设计，例如在长方形辐射片1上开第一矩形槽7、加载短路针、加载寄生贴片等。为了调整双极化两个通道之间的隔离度以及交叉极化比，辐射组件14在上述第一矩形槽7、加载短路针、加载寄生贴片等的基础上，还可以附加一些第二矩形槽8，通过第二矩形槽8的尺寸调整隔离度以及交叉极化比，第二矩形槽8的数量可以根据实际设置，例如在辐射组件14的一侧设置互相平行的多个第二矩形槽8，或者在辐射组件的一侧设置第二矩形槽8而另一侧不设置第二矩形槽8，等等。当然，条形辐射片1上的这些辐射组件14不一定为对称分布，两两之间的尺寸也不一定相同，这取决与所需辐射波形的指向即副瓣要求，因此可以根据实际需要灵活设计辐射组件14。
以图1为例，每个辐射组件14均包含一个第一矩形槽7和若干个第二矩形槽8，第一矩形槽7两侧分别都设置一个第二矩形槽8，第一矩形槽7和第二矩形槽8的长度方向与条形辐射片1的长度方向相同，第一矩形槽7和第二矩形槽8之间可以连通，第一矩形槽7和第二矩形槽8为不穿透条形辐射片1的槽。在一些可能的实施例中，相邻的两个第二矩形槽8相连通，形成单个槽连接两侧的第一矩形槽7。总之，第一矩形槽7和第二矩形槽8的尺寸和数量可以根据实际需要设计，上述说明及附图仅仅是其中一些例子，在此不再一一列举。
值得注意的是，条形辐射片1的外形可以根据实际需要调整，例如整体为矩形平板，辐射组件1沿矩形平板的长度方向分布，又或者整体为塔型平板，辐射组件1同样沿塔型平板的长度方向分布。条形辐射片1可以不单由单片金属片构成，以条形辐射片1是矩形平板为例，条形辐射片1还可以是多层矩形金属片堆叠而成的辐射片，还可以是多个较小的矩形金属片在同一平面上拼接而成的辐射片，这些矩形金属片拼接完成后的整体仍为矩形。
条形辐射片1位于天线单元2的上方，并不一定紧密接触天线单元2，也可以在天线单 元2上方一定高度的位置。金属反射板4被设置为对天线单元2起定向辐射作用，其上可以不设置介质板或者馈电网络，即通过金属反射板4对天线单元2进行定性辐射，通过条形辐射片1上的辐射组件14形成辐射波束，实现了结构简单、增益高的单点激励无馈电网络的天线阵列方案。
其中，天线单元2的形状可以是长方形、圆柱形、十字形等；当天线单元2需要与馈电网络耦合的时候，天线单元2的馈电方式可以是金属探针5馈电、缝隙馈电等；天线单元2的材料为具有高介电常数的材料，例如高介电常数的陶瓷材料或者高介电常数的塑料材料，或者其他介电常数在5以上的替代材料。应当注意的是，无论天线单元2的形状如何变化，天线单元2沿条形辐射片1的宽度方向的尺寸小于等于条形辐射片1的宽度。当需要调节天线单元2的阻抗匹配，则可以对天线单元2进行切角处理，例如在长方体的天线单元2上，对其垂直于金属反射板4的四条边进行切角，从而调节阻抗匹配。
基于上述单点激励的天线阵列，可以附加一些组件以得到不同的天线阵列方案。
在一些实施例中，还包括辐射介质基板13，辐射介质基板13设置在条形辐射片1和天线单元2之间，主要起到支撑条形辐射片1的作用。
在一些实施例中，还包括馈电网络介质基板9，馈电网络介质基板9设置在天线单元2和金属反射板4之间，馈电网络介质基板9蚀刻有差分馈电网络10，差分馈电网络10连接天线单元2上的馈电部分。如前，天线单元2上的馈电部分可以是金属探针5馈电、缝隙馈电等，通过馈电部分连接馈电网络介质基板9，且馈电网络介质基板9由金属反射板4支撑。
在一些实施例中，还包括滤波器3，滤波器3设置在金属反射板4下方，金属反射板4设置有过孔，滤波器3通过过孔与天线单元2上的馈电部分连接。此处滤波器3可以配合上述馈电网络介质基板9设置，滤波器3通过过孔穿过馈电网络介质基板9连接天线单元2。另外，滤波器3还可以设置在金属反射板4的上方，且滤波器3与天线单元2层叠放置或并排放置。在滤波器3与天线单元2叠放的时候，其效果与滤波器3设置在金属反射板4下方的效果类似，在滤波器3与天线单元2并排放置的时候，滤波器3和天线单元2共用条形辐射片1和金属反射板4之间的空间，此时滤波器3的材料和天线单元2的部分材料可以相同，进一步地，此时滤波器3和天线单元2可以是通过高介电常数的材料一体化加工得到，形成天线滤波一体化集成方案，减小信号互联损耗和天线的工作带宽。
在一些实施例中，基于引入了滤波器3，则还可以包括同轴接口12，同轴接口12连接滤波器3的输入端口。同轴接口12被设置为连接滤波器3和AAU设备整机的信号板件。
通过上述结构得到的单点激励的天线阵列，可以实现双极化覆盖，且水平波束宽度较宽、垂直波束宽度较窄。由于不需要通过馈电网络将各个天线单元2连接起来，因此相比同口径下的常规天线阵列，本申请实施例的天线阵列的结构简单，可避免多馈电网络带来的路径损耗，辐射增益更优，在结构上也兼容目前基站中的常规天线阵面架构。另外，由于单点激励的天线阵列没有馈电网络的限制，天线单元2的部分材料可与滤波器3的材料相同，因此天线阵列的放置位置更加灵活，天线单元2和滤波器3既可以设置在整机反射板的两侧，也可以高度融合后设置在整机反射板的同一侧，大大节省了有源布阵空间，使得AAU设备整机的体积变得更小。
基于上述各个实施例的天线阵列，本申请实施例还提供了一种天线平面阵列，包括多个前述实施例的天线阵列，这些天线阵列沿条形辐射片1的宽度方向并排设置。
为了实现规整的波束阵列，天线平面阵列中各个天线单元2可以成一直线排列，每个天线阵列都采用同样结构，如图10所示。当然，在根据实际需求获得不同增益的情况下，天线阵列之间可以采用不同的结构，例如不同位置处的天线阵列，天线单元2偏离于条形辐射片1的距离不一样等等。
为了实现更好的一致性，可以考虑一体化加工天线阵列。例如，全部天线阵列共用一块金属反射板4，又如，全部天线阵列中的天线单元2和金属反射板4一体化加工而成，又如，在天线阵列包含滤波器3的情况下，滤波器3、天线单元2和金属反射板4一体化加工而成。
本申请实施例还提供了一种AAU设备，包括前述的天线平面阵列。天线平面阵列连接AAU设备中的信号板件，利用天线单元2激励条形辐射片1产生高次辐射模式，并利用开槽等辐射组件14调整辐射模式及双极化通道间的隔离度，从而达到所需阵列辐射模式的目的。
下面通过一些实施例对单点激励的天线阵列进行说明。
实施例一
参照图1和图2所示，实施例一提供了一种单点激励的无馈电网络高增益天线阵列方案，该天线阵列的结构方案需求为等效于3个传统天线单元的阵列辐射，主要由三部分组成：条形辐射片1、天线单元2(本实施例中为介质谐振器天线)和金属反射板4。
条形辐射片1(本实施例为矩形平板)位于天线单元2上方，且口径大于天线单元2，当波束指向需求为正上方时，则条形辐射片1位于天线单元2正上方，此时条形辐射片1的尺寸与所等效3个传统天线单元的天线阵列尺寸相当(3个传统天线单元沿直线排布的情况)。
条形辐射片1上的辐射组件14包括第一矩形槽7和第二矩形槽8，被设置为调节辐射性能。第一矩形槽7使整个条形辐射片1能够产生3组等幅同相的辐射电流，从而产生等效于3个传统天线单元的阵列辐射方向图，而第二矩形槽8的尺寸可用来改善双极化两个通道间的隔离度及交叉极化比。本实施例中所有第一矩形槽7和所有第二矩形槽8为对称分布，且尺寸各自相同，因此产生正向辐射的天线波束与左右对称分辐射方向图。
本实施例的天线单元2形状为十字形，且其馈电方式为T形金属探针5馈电。天线单元2的介电常数30的陶瓷材料。
金属反射板4位于天线单元2下方，仅对天线单元2起定向辐射作用，其表面无介质板或馈电网络。
实施例二
参照图3和图4所示，实施例二提供了一种单点激励的差分馈电高增益天线阵列，该天线阵列的结构方案需求为等效于3个传统天线单元的阵列辐射，主要由以下部件组成：条形辐射片1、天线单元2(本实施例中为介质谐振器天线)、金属反射板4、馈电网络介质基板9和辐射介质基板13。
条形辐射片1(本实施例为矩形平板)位于天线单元2上方，且口径大于天线单元2，当波束指向需求为正上方时，则条形辐射片1位于天线单元2正上方，此时条形辐射片1的尺寸与所等效3个传统天线单元的天线阵列尺寸相当(3个传统天线单元沿直线排布的情况)。
辐射介质基板13位于天线单元2和条形辐射片1之间，主要对条形辐射片1起到支撑作用。
条形辐射片1上的辐射组件14包括第一矩形槽7和第二矩形槽8，被设置为调节辐射性 能。第一矩形槽7使整个条形辐射片1能够产生3组等幅同相的辐射电流，从而产生等效于3个传统天线单元的阵列辐射方向图，而第二矩形槽8的尺寸可用来改善双极化两个通道间的隔离度及交叉极化比。本实施例中所有第一矩形槽7和所有第二矩形槽8为对称分布，且尺寸各自相同，因此产生正向辐射的天线波束与左右对称分辐射方向图。
本实施例的天线单元2形状为正方体，且其馈电方式为T形金属探针5馈电。T形金属探针5共有四个，分别设置在天线单元2垂直于金属反射板4的四个面的正中心。
馈电网络介质基板9设置在天线单元2和金属反射板4之间，馈电网络介质基板9上蚀刻有2个差分馈电网络10，差分馈电网络10与T形金属探针5连接，形成双极化两通道差分馈电网络。
金属反射板4位于馈电网络介质基板9的下方，仅对天线单元2起定向辐射作用，其表面无介质板或馈电网络。
本实施例与实施例一相比，波束更加对称，副瓣较低，可实现±45°双极化阵列辐射功能，以等效于3个传统天线单元为例，本实施例的水平波束宽度在60°±10°，垂直波束宽度在20°±5°，增益在11.6dBi，参见图5所示。
实施例三
参照图6和图7所示，实施例三提供了一种天线滤波一体化方案，属于差分馈电高增益天线阵列结构的改进，该天线阵列的结构方案需求为等效于3个传统天线单元的阵列辐射，主要由以下部件组成：条形辐射片1、天线单元2(本实施例中为介质谐振器天线)、金属反射板4、滤波器3(本实施例中采用多阶滤波器)、同轴接口12、馈电网络介质基板9和辐射介质基板13。
条形辐射片1(本实施例为矩形平板)位于天线单元2上方，且口径大于天线单元2，当波束指向需求为正上方时，则条形辐射片1位于天线单元2正上方，此时条形辐射片1的尺寸与所等效3个传统天线单元的天线阵列尺寸相当(3个传统天线单元沿直线排布的情况)。
辐射介质基板13位于天线单元2和条形辐射片1之间，主要对条形辐射片1起到支撑作用。
条形辐射片1上的辐射组件14包括第一矩形槽7和第二矩形槽8，被设置为调节辐射性能。第一矩形槽7使整个条形辐射片1能够产生3组等幅同相的辐射电流，从而产生等效于3个传统天线单元的阵列辐射方向图，而第二矩形槽8的尺寸可用来改善双极化两个通道间的隔离度及交叉极化比。本实施例中所有第一矩形槽7和所有第二矩形槽8为对称分布，且尺寸各自相同，因此产生正向辐射的天线波束与左右对称分辐射方向图。
本实施例的天线单元2形状为正方体，且其馈电方式为T形金属探针5馈电。T形金属探针5共有四个，分别设置在天线单元2垂直于金属反射板4的四个面的正中心。
馈电网络介质基板9设置在天线单元2和金属反射板4之间，馈电网络介质基板9上蚀刻有2个差分馈电网络10，差分馈电网络10与T形金属探针5连接，形成双极化两通道差分馈电网络。
金属反射板4位于馈电网络介质基板9的下方，仅对天线单元2起定向辐射作用，其表面无介质板或馈电网络。
滤波器3设置在金属反射板4下方，其输出端口通过金属反射板4上的过孔与T形金属探针5连接，其输入端口与同轴接口12连接，通过同轴接口12与整机构建信号连接。
本实施例与实施例二相比，在金属反射板4下方增加滤波器3，从而构建传统AAU中的滤波天线集成方案。本实施例也可在实施例一的基础上增加滤波器3，构建传统AAU中的滤波天线集成方案。
实施例四
参照图8和图9所示，实施例四提供了另一种天线滤波一体化方案，属于差分馈电高增益天线阵列结构的改进，该天线阵列的结构方案需求为等效于3个传统天线单元的阵列辐射，主要由以下部件组成：条形辐射片1、天线单元2(本实施例中为介质谐振器天线)、金属反射板4、滤波器3(本实施例中为介质滤波器)和双极化信号输入端口6。
条形辐射片1(本实施例为矩形平板)位于天线单元2上方，且口径大于天线单元2，当波束指向需求为正上方时，则条形辐射片1位于天线单元2正上方，此时条形辐射片1的尺寸与所等效3个传统天线单元的天线阵列尺寸相当(3个传统天线单元沿直线排布的情况)。
辐射介质基板13位于天线单元2和条形辐射片1之间，主要对条形辐射片1起到支撑作用。
条形辐射片1上的辐射组件14包括第一矩形槽7和第二矩形槽8，被设置为调节辐射性能。第一矩形槽7使整个条形辐射片1能够产生3组等幅同相的辐射电流，从而产生等效于3个传统天线单元的阵列辐射方向图，而第二矩形槽8的尺寸可用来改善双极化两个通道间的隔离度及交叉极化比。本实施例中所有第一矩形槽7和所有第二矩形槽8为对称分布，且尺寸各自相同，因此产生正向辐射的天线波束与左右对称分辐射方向图。
本实施例的天线单元2形状为正方体，且其馈电方式为T形金属探针5馈电，T形金属探针5设置在天线单元2垂直于金属反射板4的任一个面的正中心。滤波器3设置在条形辐射片1和金属反射板4之间，T形金属探针5与滤波器3连接(也可以是缝隙互联)，天线单元2进行能量辐射，并由条形辐射片1将天线单元2辐射的电磁波进行波束赋形和放大，最终形成需求的波形进行辐射。
关于滤波器3的位置，一种情况是天线单元2位于滤波器3和条形辐射片1之间，滤波器3表面镀有金属，内有金属化过孔等实现常规多阶滤波器11功能，滤波器3和天线单元2之间仅通过T形金属探针5耦合互联，可减少互联损耗和天线工作带宽；另一种情况是天线单元2和滤波器3位于同一个平面，不必上下放置，即天线单元2和滤波器3同时位于条形辐射片1和金属反射板4之间，从而降低此AAU整机剖面高度。此时滤波器3、天线单元2和条形辐射片1可通过高介电常数的塑料材料一体化加工而成；通过对塑料材料结构进行特殊设计,塑料表面进行局部金属化亦可达到相同功能，且质量更轻、加工装配更加简单，降低设备成本。
实施例五
参照图10所示，提供了一种天线平面阵列方案，为设计更高增益、更灵活波束覆盖的AAU设备，可将上述实施例一至四分别组阵，形成平面阵列效果。本实施例的天线平面阵列的需求等效于常规5x3阵列效果，以实施例四的天线阵列组阵为例进行说明。
基本结构在实施例四已经说明，本实施例阐述与实施例四不相同的部分：条形辐射片1上设置第一矩形槽7的数量为四个，从而等效于5个传统天线单元的阵列。值得注意的是，实施例五中每个天线阵列中，处于两端的第一矩形槽7(即沿条形辐射片1的长度方向看第一个和第四个第一矩形槽7)只有一侧设置有第二矩形槽8，另一侧则没有设置第二矩形槽8。
三个天线单元2成一直线排列，并且滤波器3、天线单元2和条形辐射片1可通过高介电常数的塑料材料一体化加工而成，金属反射板4为单块成型，降低了装配难度和设备成本。
本申请实施例提供的单点激励的天线阵列和天线平面阵列，至少具有如下有益效果：单点激励的天线阵列通过单个天线单元激励条形辐射片上的辐射组件，实现双极化覆盖，且水平波束宽度较宽、垂直波束宽度较窄。由于单点激励的天线阵列不需要通过馈电网络将各个天线单元连接起来，因此相比同口径下的常规天线阵列，本申请实施例的天线阵列的结构简单，可避免多馈电网络带来的路径损耗，辐射增益更优，在结构上也兼容目前基站中的常规天线阵面架构。另外，由于单点激励的天线阵列没有馈电网络的限制，天线单元的部分材料可与滤波器的材料相同，因此本申请实施例的天线阵列的放置位置更加灵活，天线单元和滤波器既可以设置在整机反射板的两侧，也可以高度融合后设置在整机反射板的同一侧，大大节省了有源布阵空间，使得AAU(Active Antenna Unit，有源天线单元)设备整机的体积变得更小。
本申请实施例提供的单点激励的天线阵列和天线平面阵列无需馈电网络即可实现阵列辐射效果，具有更优的辐射增益，同时兼容现有的天线平面阵列架构。
以上是对本申请的一些实施进行了说明，但本申请并不局限于上述实施方式，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本申请精神的前提下还可作出种种的等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种单点激励的天线阵列，包括：
    条形辐射片，沿所述条形辐射片的长度方向设置有两个以上辐射组件；
    天线单元，设置在所述条形辐射片的下方且位于其中两个相邻的所述辐射组件之间，以激励所述辐射组件进行高次模辐射；
    金属反射板，设置在所述天线单元的下方以对所述天线单元进行定向辐射。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线阵列，其中，所述辐射组件为开设在所述条形辐射片上的第一矩形槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线阵列，其中，所述辐射组件还包括第二矩形槽，所述第二矩形槽设置在所述第一矩形槽的至少一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一所述的天线阵列，其中，所述辐射组件在所述条形辐射片上对称分布。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线阵列，其中，所述天线单元位于所述条形辐射片的中央位置的下方，所述天线单元沿所述条形辐射片的宽度方向的尺寸小于等于所述条形辐射片的宽度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天线阵列，其中，所述条形辐射片由多层矩形金属片堆叠而成，或者，所述条形辐射片由多个矩形金属片在同一平面上拼接而成。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的天线阵列，其中，还包括辐射介质基板，所述辐射介质基板设置在所述条形辐射片和所述天线单元之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的天线阵列，其中，还包括馈电网络介质基板，所述馈电网络介质基板设置在所述天线单元和所述金属反射板之间，所述馈电网络介质基板蚀刻有差分馈电网络，所述差分馈电网络连接所述天线单元上的馈电部分。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的天线阵列，其中，还包括滤波器，所述滤波器设置在所述金属反射板下方，所述金属反射板设置有过孔，所述滤波器通过所述过孔与所述天线单元上的馈电部分连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的天线阵列，其中，还包括滤波器，所述滤波器设置在所述金属反射板的上方，且所述滤波器与所述天线单元层叠放置或并排放置。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的天线阵列，其中，还包括同轴接口，所述同轴接口连接所述滤波器的输入端口。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的天线阵列，其中，所述天线单元为长方体、圆柱体、十字件或异形件。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的天线阵列，其中，所述天线单元具有至少一个切角。
  14. 天线平面阵列，其中，包括多个如权利要求1至13任一所述的天线阵列，所述天线阵列沿所述条形辐射片的宽度方向并排设置。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的天线平面阵列，所述天线单元成一直线排列。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的天线平面阵列，全部所述天线阵列共用一块金属反射板。
  17. 一种AAU设备，包括如权利要求14至16任一所述天线平面阵列。
PCT/CN2023/076020 2022-04-20 2023-02-14 单点激励的天线阵列、天线平面阵列及aau设备 WO2023202193A1 (zh)

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