Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
  • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
  • G06V10/40—Extraction of image or video features
  • G06V10/44—Local feature extraction by analysis of parts of the pattern, e.g. by detecting edges, contours, loops, corners, strokes or intersections; Connectivity analysis, e.g. of connected components
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
  • A61B3/12—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T7/00—Image analysis
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T7/00—Image analysis
  • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
  • G06T7/0012—Biomedical image inspection
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
  • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
  • G06V10/40—Extraction of image or video features
  • G06V10/60—Extraction of image or video features relating to illumination properties, e.g. using a reflectance or lighting model
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
  • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
  • G06T2207/10072—Tomographic images
  • G06T2207/10101—Optical tomography; Optical coherence tomography [OCT]
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
  • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
  • G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
  • G06T2207/30041—Eye; Retina; Ophthalmic
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
  • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
  • G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
  • G06T2207/30101—Blood vessel; Artery; Vein; Vascular

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to an image processing method, an image processing device, and a program.
• US Pat. No. 1,023,8281 discloses a technique for generating volume data of an eye to be examined using an optical coherence tomography. Conventionally, it has been desired to visualize blood vessels based on volume data of an eye to be examined.
• a first aspect is an image processing method performed by a processor, which includes the steps of acquiring OCT volume data including the choroid; a step of generating an image; a step of deriving an image feature amount in each of the plurality of en-face images; and a step of deriving an image feature amount in each of the plurality of en-face images; - specifying a boundary between the face images as a boundary.
• a second aspect is an image processing device including a processor, in which the processor acquires OCT volume data including the choroid, and based on the OCT volume data, a plurality of a step of generating an en-face image; a step of deriving an image feature amount in each of the plurality of en-face images; and a step of determining whether the image feature amount is the presence or absence of a choroidal blood vessel based on each of the image feature amounts.
• the image processing apparatus executes the step of specifying as a boundary between en-face images showing the image.
• a third aspect is a program for performing image processing, which includes a step of causing a processor to acquire OCT volume data including the choroid; a step of generating an en-face image of the plurality of en-face images; a step of deriving an image feature amount in each of the plurality of en-face images; and a step of deriving an image feature amount in each of the plurality of en-face images;
• This program processes a step of specifying a boundary between en-face images indicating a switch.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an ophthalmologic system according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an ophthalmologic apparatus according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a server.
• FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of functions realized by an image processing program in a CPU of a server.
• 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the flow of image processing by a server.
• FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram regarding image processing performed on an image.
• FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of image feature amounts that change depending on the presence or absence of blood vessel components.
• FIG. 3 is a diagram showing characteristics of standard deviation for a plurality of en-face images in OCT volume data.
• FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the flow of blood vessel component presence/absence boundary acquisition processing.
• 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the flow of image formation processing of choroidal blood vessels.
• 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the flow of third image processing by third blood vessel extraction processing.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the eyeball and the position of the vortex vein.
• FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between OCT volume data and en-face images.
• FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a fundus image of a choroidal blood vessel including vortex veins. It is a conceptual diagram of a three-dimensional image of a vortex vein.
• FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional image of choroidal blood vessels around vortex veins.
• FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a display screen using a three-dimensional image of vortex veins.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an ophthalmologic system 100.
• the ophthalmology system 100 includes an ophthalmology apparatus 110, a server device (hereinafter referred to as “server”) 140, and a display device (hereinafter referred to as "viewer”) 150.
• the ophthalmologic apparatus 110 acquires fundus images.
• the server 140 stores a plurality of fundus images obtained by photographing the fundus of a plurality of patients by the ophthalmological device 110 and an axial length measured by an axial length measuring device (not shown) in a manner corresponding to the patient ID. memorize it.
• the viewer 150 displays fundus images and analysis results obtained by the server 140.
• the server 140 is an example of the "image processing device" of the present disclosure.
• the ophthalmological apparatus 110, server 140, and viewer 150 are interconnected via a network 130.
• the network 130 is any network such as a LAN, WAN, the Internet, or a wide area Ethernet network.
• a LAN can be used as the network 130.
• the viewer 150 is a client in a client server system, and a plurality of viewers are connected via a network. Furthermore, a plurality of servers 140 may be connected via a network to ensure system redundancy.
• the ophthalmologic apparatus 110 has an image processing function and an image viewing function of the viewer 150, the ophthalmologic apparatus 110 can acquire fundus images, process images, and view images in a standalone state.
• the server 140 is provided with the image viewing function of the viewer 150, the configuration of the ophthalmological apparatus 110 and the server 140 enables fundus image acquisition, image processing, and image viewing.
• ophthalmological equipment inspection equipment such as visual field measurement and intraocular pressure measurement
• diagnostic support device that performs image analysis using AI (Artificial Intelligence) are connected to the ophthalmological equipment 110, server 140, and viewer via the network 130. 150.
• AI Artificial Intelligence
• SLO scanning laser ophthalmoscope
• OCT optical coherence tomography
• the horizontal direction is the "X direction”
• the vertical direction to the horizontal plane is the "Y direction” connecting the center of the pupil in the anterior segment of the eye 12 to be examined and the center of the eyeball.
• Let the direction be the "Z direction”. Therefore, the X, Y, and Z directions are perpendicular to each other.
• the ophthalmological apparatus 110 includes an imaging device 14 and a control device 16.
• the photographing device 14 includes an SLO unit 18 and an OCT unit 20, and acquires a fundus image of the eye 12 to be examined.
• the two-dimensional fundus image acquired by the SLO unit 18 will be referred to as an SLO image.
• a tomographic image, en-face image, etc. of the retina created based on OCT data acquired by the OCT unit 20 is referred to as an OCT image.
• the control device 16 has a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 16A, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 16B, a ROM (Read-Only Memory) 16C, and an input/output (I/O) port 16D. equipped with a computer ing.
• CPU Central Processing Unit
• RAM Random Access Memory
• ROM Read-Only Memory
• I/O input/output
• the control device 16 includes an input/display device 16E connected to the CPU 16A via an I/O port 16D.
• the input/display device 16E has a graphic user interface that displays an image of the eye 12 to be examined and receives various instructions from the user.
• An example of a graphic user interface is a touch panel display.
• the control device 16 also includes an image processor 17 connected to the I/O port 16D.
• the image processor 17 generates an image of the eye 12 based on the data obtained by the imaging device 14. Note that the control device 16 is connected to the network 130 via a communication interface (I/F) 16F.
• I/F communication interface
• the control device 16 of the ophthalmological device 110 includes an input/display device 16E
• the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
• the control device 16 of the ophthalmologic device 110 may not include the input/display device 16E, but may include a separate input/display device that is physically independent of the ophthalmologic device 110.
• the display device includes an image processing processor unit that operates under the control of the display control section 204 of the CPU 16A of the control device 16.
• the image processing processor unit may display the SLO image or the like based on the image signal outputted by the display control unit 204.
• the photographing device 14 operates under the control of the CPU 16A of the control device 16.
• the imaging device 14 includes an SLO unit 18, an imaging optical system 19, and an OCT unit 20.
• the photographing optical system 19 includes an optical scanner 22 and a wide-angle optical system 30.
• the optical scanner 22 two-dimensionally scans the light emitted from the SLO unit 18 in the X direction and the Y direction.
• the optical scanner 22 may be any optical element that can deflect a light beam, and for example, a polygon mirror, a galvano mirror, or the like can be used. Alternatively, a combination thereof may be used.
• the wide-angle optical system 30 combines the light from the SLO unit 18 and the light from the OCT unit 20.
• the wide-angle optical system 30 may be a reflective optical system using a concave mirror such as an elliptical mirror, a refractive optical system using a wide-angle lens, or a catadioptric optical system combining a concave mirror and lenses.
• a wide-angle optical system using an elliptical mirror, a wide-angle lens, or the like it is possible to photograph not only the central part of the fundus but also the retina in the peripheral part of the fundus.
• the wide-angle optical system 30 allows observation in a wide field of view (FOV) 12A at the fundus.
• the FOV 12A indicates the range that can be photographed by the photographing device 14.
• FOV12A may be expressed as a viewing angle.
• the viewing angle may be defined by an internal illumination angle and an external illumination angle.
• the external irradiation angle is an irradiation angle that defines the irradiation angle of the light beam irradiated from the ophthalmological apparatus 110 to the eye 12 to be examined, with the pupil 27 as a reference.
• the internal illumination angle is an illumination angle that defines the illumination angle of the light beam irradiated to the fundus of the eye with the eyeball center O as a reference.
• the external illumination angle and the internal illumination angle have a corresponding relationship. For example, if the external illumination angle is 120 degrees, the internal illumination angle corresponds to approximately 160 degrees. In this embodiment, the internal illumination angle is 200 degrees.
• UWF-SLO fundus image an SLO fundus image obtained by photographing at an internal illumination angle of 160 degrees or more is referred to as a UWF-SLO fundus image.
• UWF is an abbreviation for UltraWide Field.
• FOV ultra-wide field of view
• the ophthalmological apparatus 110 can photograph a region 12A with an internal illumination angle of 200° using the eyeball center O of the subject's eye 12 as a reference position.
• the internal illumination angle of 200° is 110° in terms of the external illumination angle with respect to the pupil of the eyeball of the eye 12 to be examined. That is, the wide-angle optical system 30 irradiates a laser beam from the pupil with an external illumination angle of 110° and photographs a fundus region of 200° with an internal illumination angle.
• the SLO system is realized by the control device 16, the SLO unit 18, and the photographing optical system 19 shown in FIG. Since the SLO system includes the wide-angle optical system 30, it is possible to photograph the fundus with a wide FOV 12A.
• the SLO unit 18 includes a light source 40 for B light (blue light), a light source 42 for G light (green light), a light source 44 for R light (red light), and a light source 44 for IR light (infrared light (for example, near infrared light)). It includes a light source 46 and optical systems 48, 50, 52, 54, and 56 that reflect or transmit light from the light sources 40, 42, 44, and 46 and guide it into one optical path.
• Optical systems 48, 56 are mirrors, and optical systems 50, 52, 54 are beam splitters.
• the B light is reflected by the optical system 48, transmitted through the optical system 50, and reflected by the optical system 54, the G light is reflected by the optical systems 50 and 54, and the R light is transmitted through the optical systems 52 and 54.
• IR light is reflected by optical systems 52 and 56 and guided to one optical path, respectively.
• the SLO unit 18 is configured to be able to switch between a light source that emits laser light of different wavelengths or a combination of light sources that emit light, such as a mode that emits R light and G light and a mode that emits infrared light.
• a light source that emits laser light of different wavelengths or a combination of light sources that emit light
• FIG. 2 includes four light sources: a B light source 40, a G light source 42, an R light source 44, and an IR light source 46
• the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
• the SLO unit 18 may further include a white light source and emit light in various modes, such as a mode in which G light, R light, and B light are emitted, and a mode in which only white light is emitted.
• the light incident on the photographing optical system 19 from the SLO unit 18 is scanned in the X direction and the Y direction by the optical scanner 22.
• the scanning light passes through the wide-angle optical system 30 and the pupil 27 and is irradiated onto the fundus of the eye.
• the light reflected by the fundus enters the SLO unit 18 via the wide-angle optical system 30 and the optical scanner 22.
• the SLO unit 18 includes a beam splitter 64 that reflects B light and transmits light other than B light among the light from the posterior segment (fundus) of the subject's eye 12, and a beam splitter 64 that reflects G light among the light that has passed through the beam splitter 64.
• a beam splitter 58 is provided that reflects light and transmits light other than G light.
• the SLO unit 18 includes a beam splitter 60 that reflects R light among the light transmitted through the beam splitter 58 and transmits light other than the R light.
• the SLO unit 18 includes a beam splitter 62 that reflects IR light out of the light that has passed through the beam splitter 60.
• the SLO unit 18 includes a B light detection element 70 that detects the B light reflected by the beam splitter 64, a G light detection element 72 that detects the G light reflected by the beam splitter 58, and a G light detection element 72 that detects the R light reflected by the beam splitter 60. It includes an R light detection element 74 and an IR light detection element 76 that detects the IR light reflected by the beam splitter 62.
• the light incident on the SLO unit 18 via the wide-angle optical system 30 and the optical scanner 22 is reflected by the beam splitter 64 and received by the B light detection element 70.
• the beam splitter 58 is reflected by the beam splitter 58 and received by the G light detection element 72.
• the incident light is R light
• the beam splitter 58 passes through the beam splitter 58, is reflected by the beam splitter 60, and is received by the R light detection element 74.
• the incident light passes through the beam splitters 58 and 60, is reflected by the beam splitter 62, and is received by the IR light detection element 76.
• the image processor 17 operating under the control of the CPU 16A generates a UWF-SLO image using the signals detected by the B light detection element 70, the G light detection element 72, the R light detection element 74, and the IR light detection element 76. generate.
• the UWF-SLO image generated using the signal detected by the B light detection element 70 is referred to as a B-UWF-SLO image (B-color fundus image).
• the UWF-SLO image generated using the signal detected by the G light detection element 72 is referred to as a G-UWF-SLO image (G color fundus image).
• the UWF-SLO image generated using the signal detected by the R light detection element 74 is referred to as an R-UWF-SLO image (R-color fundus image).
• the UWF-SLO image generated using the signal detected by the IR light detection element 76 is referred to as an IR-UWF-SLO image (IR fundus image).
• the UWF-SLO image includes these R color fundus images, G color fundus images, B color fundus images to IR fundus images. It also includes UWF-SLO images of fluorescence.
• control device 16 controls the light sources 40, 42, and 44 so that they emit light at the same time.
• a G-color fundus image, an R-color fundus image, and a B-color fundus image whose respective positions correspond to each other are obtained.
• An RGB color fundus image is obtained from the G color fundus image, the R color fundus image, and the B color fundus image.
• the control device 16 controls the light sources 42 and 44 to emit light at the same time, and the fundus of the subject's eye 12 is simultaneously photographed using the G light and the R light, thereby creating a G-color fundus image and an R-color fundus image whose respective positions correspond to each other.
• a fundus image is obtained.
• An RG color fundus image is obtained from the G color fundus image and the R color fundus image. Further, a full-color fundus image may be generated using the G-color fundus image, the R-color fundus image, and the B-color fundus image.
• the wide-angle optical system 30 makes it possible to set the field of view (FOV) of the fundus to an ultra-wide angle, and to photograph a region beyond the equator from the posterior pole of the fundus of the eye 12 to be examined.
• FOV field of view
• the OCT system is realized by the control device 16, OCT unit 20, and imaging optical system 19 shown in FIG. Since the OCT system includes the wide-angle optical system 30, it is possible to perform OCT imaging of the peripheral part of the fundus, similar to the imaging of the SLO fundus image described above. In other words, by using the wide-angle optical system 30 that sets the viewing angle (FOV) of the fundus to an ultra-wide angle, it is possible to perform OCT imaging of a region beyond the equator 178 from the posterior pole of the fundus of the eye 12 to be examined.
• FOV viewing angle
• OCT data of structures existing in the periphery of the fundus such as vortex veins
• a tomographic image of the vortex veins and a 3D structure of the vortex veins can be obtained by image processing the OCT data.
• the OCT unit 20 includes a light source 20A, a sensor (detection element) 20B, a first optical coupler 20C, a reference optical system 20D, a collimating lens 20E, and a second optical coupler 20F.
• the light emitted from the light source 20A is branched by the first optical coupler 20C.
• One of the branched lights is made into parallel light by a collimating lens 20E as measurement light, and then enters the photographing optical system 19.
• the measurement light passes through the wide-angle optical system 30 and the pupil 27 and is irradiated onto the fundus of the eye.
• the measurement light reflected by the fundus enters the OCT unit 20 via the wide-angle optical system 30, and enters the second optical coupler 20F via the collimating lens 20E and the first optical coupler 20C.
• the other light emitted from the light source 20A and branched by the first optical coupler 20C enters the reference optical system 20D as a reference light, and then enters the second optical coupler 20F via the reference optical system 20D. do.
• the interference light is received by sensor 20B.
• the image processor 17 operating under the control of the image processor 206 generates OCT data detected by the sensor 20B. It is also possible for the image processor 17 to generate OCT images such as tomographic images and en-face images based on the OCT data.
• the OCT unit 20 can scan a predetermined range (for example, a rectangular range of 6 mm x 6 mm) in one OCT imaging.
• the predetermined range is not limited to 6 mm x 6 mm, but may be a square range of 12 mm x 12 mm or 23 mm x 23 mm, or a rectangular range such as 14 mm x 9 mm, 6 mm x 3.5 mm, or any rectangular range. can.
• the diameter may be in a range of 6 mm, 12 mm, 23 mm, etc.
• the ophthalmological apparatus 110 can scan an area 12A with an internal illumination angle of 200°. That is, by controlling the optical scanner 22, OCT imaging of a predetermined range including vortex veins is performed. The ophthalmologic apparatus 110 can generate OCT data through the OCT imaging.
• the ophthalmologic apparatus 110 can generate OCT images such as tomographic images (B-scan images) of the fundus including vortex veins, OCT volume data including vortex veins, and en-face images (OCT) that are cross sections of the OCT volume data.
• OCT images such as tomographic images (B-scan images) of the fundus including vortex veins, OCT volume data including vortex veins, and en-face images (OCT) that are cross sections of the OCT volume data.
• a frontal image generated based on volume data can be generated.
• the OCT image includes an OCT image of the central part of the fundus (the posterior pole of the eyeball where the macula, optic disc, etc. are present).
• OCT data (or image data of an OCT image) is sent from the ophthalmological apparatus 110 to the server 140 via the communication interface 16F, and is stored in the storage device 254.
• the light source 20A is a wavelength-swept type SS-OCT (Swept-Source OCT), but various types such as SD-OCT (Spectral-Domain OCT), TD-OCT (Time-Domain OCT), etc.
• SS-OCT Session-Coupled OCT
• SD-OCT Spectral-Domain OCT
• TD-OCT Time-Domain OCT
• the OCT system may be of any type.
• the server 140 includes a computer main body 252.
• the computer main body 252 has a CPU 262, a RAM 266, a ROM 264, and an input/output (I/O) port 268.
• a storage device 254, a display 256, a mouse 255M, a keyboard 255K, and a communication interface (I/F) 258 are connected to the input/output (I/O) port 268.
• the storage device 254 is composed of, for example, nonvolatile memory.
• Input/output (I/O) port 268 is connected to network 130 via communication interface (I/F) 258 . Accordingly, server 140 can communicate with ophthalmological device 110 and viewer 150.
• An image processing program is stored in the ROM 264 or the storage device 254.
• the ROM 264 or the storage device 254 is an example of the "memory" of the present disclosure.
• CPU 262 is an example of a “processor” in the present disclosure.
• the image processing program is an example of the "program” of the present disclosure.
• the server 140 stores each data received from the ophthalmological device 110 in the storage device 254.
• the image processing program executed by the CPU 262 includes a display control function, an image processing function, and a processing function.
• the CPU 262 functions as the display control section 204, the image processing section 206, and the processing section 208 by executing the image processing program having each of these functions.
• FIG. 5 The image processing (image processing method) shown in FIG. 5 is realized by the CPU 262 of the server 140 executing the image processing program.
• the image processing unit 206 acquires a fundus image from the storage device 254.
• the fundus image includes data related to the vortex veins to be displayed stereoscopically based on the user's instructions.
• step S20 the image processing unit 206 acquires OCT volume data including the choroid corresponding to the fundus image from the storage device 254.
• step S22 the image processing unit 206 executes a blood vessel component presence/absence boundary acquisition process (details will be described later) to acquire the boundary of the presence/absence of choroidal blood vessels.
• the image processing unit 206 extracts the choroidal blood vessels based on the OCT volume data and performs image formation processing (details will be described later) of the choroidal blood vessels to generate a three-dimensional image (3D image) of the vortex vein blood vessels. Execute.
• step S40 the processing unit 208 outputs the generated three-dimensional image (3D image) of the vortex vein blood vessel, specifically, stores it in the RAM 266 or the storage device. 254, and end the image processing.
• a display screen (an example of a display screen is shown in FIG. 17, which will be described later) including a stereoscopic image of vortex veins is generated by the display control unit 204 based on the user's instructions.
• the generated display screen is output as an image signal by the processing unit 208 to the viewer 150.
• a display screen appears on the display of viewer 150.
• FIG. 12 shows an upper vortex vein 12V1 and a lower vortex vein 12V2 that exist on one side of the eyeball. Vortex veins often exist near the equator. Therefore, in order to photograph the vortex vein and the choroidal blood vessels around the vortex vein present in the eye 12 to be examined, the ophthalmologic apparatus 110 that can scan at an internal illumination angle of 200 degrees is used, for example.
• the image processing unit 206 acquires a fundus image (step S10) and identifies a vortex vein (VV) to be displayed stereoscopically.
• a UWF-SLO image is acquired from the storage device 254 as a UWF fundus image.
• the image processing unit 206 creates a choroidal blood vessel image, which is a binarized image, from the acquired UWF-SLO image. Then, the part designated by the user is specified as the vortex vein to be displayed in three dimensions.
• FIG. 14 is a fundus image of choroidal blood vessels including vortex veins.
• the fundus image shown in FIG. 14 is an example of a choroidal blood vessel image that is a binarized image created from the UWF-SLO image.
• the choroidal blood vessel image is a binarized image in which pixels corresponding to choroidal blood vessels and vortex veins are white, and pixels in other areas are black.
• FIG. 14 is an image 302 showing the presence of choroidal blood vessels connected to the vortex veins.
• Image 302 shows a case where vortex vein 310V1, which is an image of upper vortex vein 12V1 included in region 310A designated by the user, is specified as a vortex vein (VV) to be displayed stereoscopically, and a region including a choroidal blood vessel is specified. ing.
• Choroidal blood vessel images including vortex veins are composed of an R-UWF-SLO image (R-color fundus image) taken with red light (laser light with a wavelength of 630 to 660 nm) and a green light (laser light with a wavelength of 500 to 550 nm). ) is generated by image processing the image data of the G-UWF-SLO image (G color fundus image). Specifically, a choroidal blood vessel image is generated by extracting retinal blood vessels from the G-color fundus image, removing the retinal blood vessels from the R-color fundus image, and performing image processing to emphasize the choroidal blood vessels. Regarding the method of generating a choroidal blood vessel image, the disclosure of International Publication WO2019/181981 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• the position of the vortex vein to be displayed stereoscopically may be detected manually or automatically.
• the position indicated by the user may be detected by visually observing the displayed choroidal blood vessels.
• the choroidal blood vessels may be extracted from the choroidal blood vessel image, the moving direction of each choroidal blood vessel (vessel running direction) may be estimated, and the position of the vortex vein may be estimated based on the position where the choroidal blood vessels gather. .
• the OCT volume data 400 is a predetermined area including a vortex vein VV, for example, 6 mm, obtained by OCT imaging one of the plurality of vortex veins VV in the subject's eye using the ophthalmological apparatus 110.
• This is OCT volume data 400 of a rectangular area of 6 mm.
• N planes having different depths from the first plane f401 to the Nth plane f40N are set for the OCT volume data 400.
• the OCT volume data 400 may be obtained by performing OCT imaging of each of a plurality of vortex veins VV in the subject's eye using the ophthalmologic apparatus 110.
• OCT volume data 400D including vortex veins and choroidal blood vessels around the vortex veins will be described as an example of OCT volume data 400D.
• the choroidal blood vessels refer to the vortex veins and the choroidal blood vessels surrounding the vortex veins.
• FIG. 6 shows an example of image processing performed on an image of a choroidal blood vessel.
• FIG. 6 shows the results of performing image processing for large blood vessels and image processing for small blood vessels on an en-face image of a region where no blood vessels exist as an image of choroidal blood vessels.
• a noise component image exists in the en-face image f40K in a region where no blood vessels exist
• processing is performed to extract large blood vessels (image f40KL1), and then binarization processing is performed.
• Noise components have been removed from the image f40KL2.
• noise components remain in the image f40KS2, which has been subjected to processing for extracting small blood vessels (image f40KS1) and then subjected to binarization processing. Therefore, when processing for extracting thin blood vessels is performed, noise images may be extracted as thin blood vessels, and it may be determined that blood vessels exist even in areas where no blood vessels exist.
• image feature amounts there is a difference in image feature amounts between an image in which a blood vessel component exists and an image in which a noise component remains.
• image feature amount feature amounts such as a standard deviation regarding the brightness of the image, a change tendency of the standard deviation, and an entropy regarding the brightness of the image can be applied.
• the standard deviation regarding the brightness of the image it is possible to use the standard deviation regarding the brightness of each en-face image.
• change tendency of the standard deviation it is possible to use a feature amount indicated by a differential value of a characteristic curve of the standard deviation of a plurality of en-face images.
• a physical quantity related to the sum of pixel brightness in an en-face image can be used as a feature quantity.
• a standard deviation regarding the brightness of an image is applied as an image feature amount.
• FIG. 7 shows an explanatory diagram of an example of an image feature amount (here, standard deviation) that changes depending on the presence or absence of a blood vessel component.
• An example is shown in which image processing is performed on an image of a choroidal blood vessel.
• the standard deviation of the image f40HS1 obtained by performing image processing on the en-face image f40H of a region where a blood vessel exists (with a blood vessel component) as an image of a choroidal blood vessel is examined.
• the standard deviation value in the image f40HS1 corresponds to the distribution width TH1 in the characteristics of signal strength and frequency.
• the signal strength indicates a physical quantity indicating the brightness of the image f40HS1, and the frequency indicates the frequency with which the physical quantity appears in the image f40HS1.
• the standard deviation value corresponds to the distribution width TH2.
• width TH1 indicates the standard deviation value of the en-face image f40H with blood vessel components
• width TH2 ⁇ TH1
• the boundary determination value determines a standard deviation value based on the width TH0 (TH2 ⁇ TH0 ⁇ TH1), which is smaller than the width TH1 and larger than or coincides with the width TH2.
• an en-face image of a surface (layer) with a standard deviation value larger than the standard deviation value indicated by the width TH0 can be determined to have a vascular component
• an en-face image of a surface (layer) with a standard deviation value smaller than or the same as the standard deviation value indicated by the width TH0 can be determined to have a blood vessel component.
• the en-face image of (layer) can be determined to have no vascular component.
• FIG. 8 shows the standard deviation characteristics for a plurality of en-face images in the OCT volume data 400.
• the standard deviation characteristic is that from the first surface f401 to the Nth surface f40N, it reaches the maximum value Hu on the u-th surface, then gradually decreases, and converges to the minimum value Hv on the v-th surface. do. Therefore, the value of the standard deviation that is smaller than the maximum value Hu and larger than or equal to the minimum value Hv may be determined as the boundary determination value Ho.
• This boundary determination value Ho is highly likely to be a value close to the minimum value Hv at which the standard deviation converges, and it is also possible to reflect the results measured in advance. Note that the minimum value Hv may be used as the boundary determination value.
• a blood vessel component presence/absence boundary acquisition process is executed to acquire a boundary regarding the presence/absence of a choroidal blood vessel using image feature amounts.
• the blood vessel component presence/absence boundary acquisition process (step S22) will be described in detail using FIG.
• the CPU 262 of the server 140 executes the image processing program, the image processing (image processing method) shown in the flowchart of FIG. 9 is realized.
• step S220 the image processing unit 206 acquires OCT volume data 400, which is OCT data, for the blood vessel component presence/absence boundary acquisition process.
• OCT volume data 400 N planes having different depths from the first plane f401 to the Nth plane f40N are set.
• step S221 the image processing unit 206 sets the parameter n to 1.
• the parameter n is a parameter indicating the number of en-face images (number of faces, number of layers).
• the image processing unit 206 analyzes the OCT volume data 400, and sets the first surface from the retinal pigment epithelium (hereinafter referred to as RPE layer) in the OCT volume data 400, for example. .
• the first surface may be set below the RPE layer by a predetermined number of pixels, for example, 10 pixels below.
• the image processing unit 206 can specify the RPE layer 400R as the first surface f401 as a reference surface.
• the RPE layer 400R can be specified by performing predetermined segmentation processing on the OCT volume data 400. Further, the RPE layer may be specified by setting the highest brightness layer in the OCT volume data 400 as the RPE layer.
• the first surface is not limited to setting the surface 10 pixels below the RPE layer; for example, the first surface may be a surface 10 pixels below the Bruch's membrane, which is present immediately below the RPE layer. Bruch's membrane is also identified by performing another predetermined segmentation process on the OCT volume data 400 that is different from that for the RPE layer. Note that in order to specify a position 10 pixels below, the position may be 10 pixels below in the A-scan direction when the OCT volume data is generated.
• the surface 10 pixels below the RPE layer or Bruch's membrane is not limited to being specified as the first surface, and may be set to any number of pixels. Furthermore, instead of being defined in terms of the number of pixels, it may be defined in terms of length such as millimeters or nanometers. Further, a spherical surface that is kept a certain distance from the pupil or the center of the eyeball may be defined as the reference surface.
• the image processing unit 206 generates a first en-face image corresponding to the set first face.
• the en-face image may be generated from the pixel values of pixels existing on the first surface, or may be generated by extracting a pixel group in a shallow direction and a pixel group in a deep direction including the first surface from the OCT volume data 400.
• the pixel value may be determined as the average value or median value of the brightness values of the pixel group.
• Image processing such as noise removal may be used when determining pixel values.
• the generated first en-face image corresponding to the first face is stored in the RAM 266 by the processing unit 208.
• the image processing unit 206 derives image feature amounts regarding the n-th (here, the first side) en-face image.
• the standard deviation value regarding the en-face image of the first surface is derived.
• the standard deviation value is derived using the pixel values of pixels existing in the en-face image.
• the applicable range of the layer may be determined. For example, it is possible to perform a process of determining a predetermined layer range as a range from which image feature amounts are to be derived, and to derive image feature amounts for the determined layer range.
• the predetermined layer range may be a layer range whose depth at which the boundary exists has been empirically confirmed (for example, a layer range from 80 layers to 120 layers, etc.).
• step S225 the image processing unit 206 uses the boundary determination value Ho to determine whether the standard deviation value corresponds to the boundary determination value Ho, thereby determining the boundary of the presence or absence of blood vessels.
• the boundary of the presence or absence of a blood vessel is determined by using an en-face image in which no blood vessel component exists, or a boundary between adjacent en-face images in which the presence or absence of a blood vessel has been switched.
• step S226 the image processing unit 206 determines whether a boundary has been detected based on the determination result of the boundary of the presence or absence of blood vessels, and in the case of a positive determination, the process moves to step S229, and in the case of a negative determination, the process proceeds to step S227. Shift processing to .
• the image processing unit 206 stores information indicating the boundary between the presence and absence of blood vessels. Specifically, in step S229, the processing unit 208 stores the determined position of the en-face image or the position between adjacent en-face images in the RAM 266 or the storage device 254, and ends the process.
• the image processing unit 206 repeats the loop from step S223 to step S228 until the parameter n reaches the maximum number N.
• the image processing unit 206 executes the image processing shown in FIG. 9, it becomes possible to identify the boundary between the presence and absence of blood vessels, and by superimposing the boundary on the choroidal blood vessel image, the boundary between the blood vessel image and the noise image, for example, The part corresponding to the sclera can be visualized.
• step S31 of FIG. 10 the image processing unit 206 extracts a region corresponding to the choroid from the OCT volume data 400 (see FIG. 13) acquired in step S20, and based on the extracted region, performs OCT of the choroid. Extract (obtain) volume data.
• the image processing unit 206 acquires OCT volume data for choroidal blood vessel extraction.
• the OCT volume data may be obtained by extracting a part of the OCT volume data scanned to include the vortex vein and the choroidal blood vessels around the vortex vein.
• the OCT volume data 400D of the region below the RPE layer may be extracted.
• OCT volume data 400D of a region determined to have a vascular component in the vascular component presence/absence boundary acquisition process described above may be extracted.
• the image processing unit 206 executes a first blood vessel extraction process (ampulla extraction) using the OCT volume data 400D.
• the first blood vessel extraction process is a process of extracting a choroidal blood vessel (hereinafter referred to as the ampulla) that forms the ampullae, which is the first blood vessel.
• the image processing unit 206 performs a binarization process on the OCT volume data 400D as preprocessing for the first blood vessel extraction process (ampulla extraction), and then performs a noise removal process. In order to delete the noise region, the image processing unit 206 applies median filtering, opening processing, contraction processing, etc. to the binarized OCT volume data 400D to delete the noise region.
• the image processing unit 206 applies segmentation processing (image processing such as dynamic contour, graph cut, or U-net) to the OCT volume data from which the noise region has been removed in order to smooth the surface of the extracted ampullae. ).
• segmentation refers to image processing that performs binarization processing to separate the background and foreground of an image to be analyzed.
• the image processing unit 206 executes a second blood vessel extraction process (thick blood vessel extraction) using the OCT volume data 400D in step S33 shown in FIG.
• the second blood vessel extraction process is a process for extracting choroidal blood vessels (thick blood vessels) that are thick linear second blood vessels that extend from the ampullae and exceed a predetermined threshold, that is, a predetermined diameter.
• a linear second blood vessel extending from the ampullae is extracted.
• the thick blood vessels mainly indicate blood vessels arranged in the Haller layer.
• the predetermined threshold value (that is, the predetermined diameter) can be a predetermined value such that blood vessels with a diameter of several hundred ⁇ m are left as thick blood vessels.
• the threshold value determined to leave small blood vessels which will be described later, may be a value less than several 100 ⁇ m in diameter, which is determined to be left as large blood vessels, or a value smaller than the predetermined value to be left as large blood vessels. Good too.
• the image processing unit 206 performs image processing to perform preprocessing on the OCT volume data 400D.
• preprocessing includes blurring processing such as noise removal.
• the blurring process can be performed by removing the influence of speckle noise and extracting a linear blood vessel that accurately reflects the blood vessel shape.
• Speckle noise processing includes Gaussian blur processing and the like.
• the image processing unit 206 performs line extraction processing (extraction of thick linear blood vessels) on the preprocessed OCT volume data 400D, thereby extracting thick linear portions from the OCT volume data 400D.
• line extraction processing extraction of thick linear blood vessels
• extract the choroidal blood vessels for example, image processing using an eigenvalue filter, a Gabor filter, etc. is performed to extract a linear blood vessel region from the OCT volume data 400D.
• the image processing unit 206 executes binarization processing on the OCT volume data 400D, and divides the binarized linear blood vessel region into an isolated region that is not connected to surrounding blood vessels. Image processing such as deletion processing, median filter processing, opening processing, and shrinkage processing is performed to remove discrete minute regions.
• the processing unit 208 By performing the second blood vessel extraction process described above, only the region of the large blood vessel remains from the OCT volume data 400D, and a stereoscopic image 680L of the large blood vessel shown in FIG. 15 is generated.
• the image data of the three-dimensional image 680L of the large blood vessel is stored in the RAM 266 by the processing unit 208.
• FIG. 16 shows an example of a three-dimensional image of the choroidal blood vessels around the vortex vein VV obtained by the above-described image processing (FIG. 5).
• the image processing unit 206 aligns the three-dimensional image 680B of the ampullae and the three-dimensional image 680L of the linear blood vessel, and calculates the logical sum of both images, thereby generating a three-dimensional image of the linear blood vessel.
• the image 680L and the 3D image 680B of the ampulla are combined. Thereby, it is possible to generate a stereoscopic image 680M (FIG. 15) of choroidal blood vessels including vortex veins, which are large blood vessels. In the process of extracting the thick blood vessels described above, thin blood vessels smaller than the predetermined diameter may be removed.
• the present disclosure includes a process of extracting choroidal blood vessels (thin blood vessels) having a diameter equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, that is, a predetermined diameter, which are thin linear third blood vessels extending from the ampullae.
• the third blood vessel extraction process is a process of extracting choroidal blood vessels (thin blood vessels) having a diameter equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, that is, a predetermined diameter, which are thin linear third blood vessels extending from the ampullae.
• a predetermined threshold value that is, a predetermined diameter
• the thin blood vessels mainly refer to blood vessels located in the Sattler layer.
• third image processing shown in FIG. 11 is executed.
• the image processing unit 206 performs preprocessing for small blood vessels, including first preprocessing and second preprocessing, on the OCT volume data 400D in the process of extracting a third blood vessel that is a small blood vessel.
• image processing is performed to perform first preprocessing on the OCT volume data 400D.
• An example of the first preprocessing includes blurring processing, which is an example of a process for removing noise.
• the image processing unit 206 performs image processing to perform the second preprocessing on the OCT volume data 400D that has been subjected to the first preprocessing.
• Contrast enhancement processing is applied as an example of the second preprocessing. Contrast enhancement processing works effectively when extracting small blood vessels. Contrast enhancement processing is processing that increases the contrast of an image compared to before processing, that is, increases the difference between brightness and darkness. For example, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the degree of brightness (for example, luminance) is made larger than a predetermined value from the difference value before processing.
• the predetermined value can be set as appropriate.
• the image processing unit 206 performs image processing using, for example, an eigenvalue filter, a Gabor filter, etc., and can extract a region of a linear blood vessel, which is a thin blood vessel, from the OCT volume data 400D. be.
• step S343 shown in FIG. 11 the image processing unit 206 performs image processing to perform binarization processing on the OCT volume data 400D that has been subjected to contrast enhancement processing. Specifically, by setting the binarization threshold to a predetermined threshold that leaves small blood vessels, the OCT volume data D has small blood vessels as black pixels and other parts as white pixels.
• step S344 the image processing unit 206 removes discrete minute regions from the binarized image (region including small blood vessels).
• image processing is performed to remove speckle noise and isolated areas separated by a predetermined distance that are estimated not to be continuous with surrounding blood vessels, thereby removing discrete minute areas.
• the image processing unit 206 performs micro region connection processing on the OCT volume data 400D from which the micro regions have been removed as post-processing, so that the thin linear portions of the OCT volume data 400D are A third choroidal blood vessel, which is a blood vessel, is extracted. Specifically, the image processing unit 206 performs image processing using morphological processing such as closing processing, and connects discretely detected small blood vessels to extract small blood vessels from the OCT volume data 400D. A certain third choroidal blood vessel is extracted. Specifically, a third choroidal blood vessel within a predetermined distance is connected. In the image subjected to the fine region connection processing, even a thin blood vessel having a portion with a large curvature appears as a continuous line, and it is possible to reduce separation of continuous thin blood vessels.
• step S346 the image processing unit 206 applies segmentation processing (such as dynamic contour, graph cut, or U-net) to the OCT volume data to which the fine regions are connected, in order to smooth the surface of the extracted thin blood vessels.
• image processing processing is performed to separate the background and foreground of the image to be analyzed.
• the processing unit 208 By performing the third blood vessel extraction process described above, only the region of the thin blood vessel remains from the OCT volume data 400D, and the three-dimensional image 681S of the thin blood vessel shown in FIG. 16 is generated.
• the image data of the three-dimensional image 681S of a small blood vessel is stored in the RAM 266 by the processing unit 208.
• steps S32, S33, and S34 is not limited to the processing order described above, and any one of the processing may be performed first, or may be performed in parallel at the same time.
• step S35 the image processing unit 206 reads out a stereoscopic image of the ampulla, a stereoscopic image of a large blood vessel, and a stereoscopic image of a small blood vessel from the RAM 266. Then, by aligning these three-dimensional images and calculating the logical sum of each image, a three-dimensional image of the ampullae, a three-dimensional image of a large blood vessel, and a three-dimensional image of a small blood vessel are synthesized. As a result, a stereoscopic image 381M (see FIG. 16) of choroidal blood vessels including vortex veins is generated.
• the image data of the stereoscopic image 681M is stored in the RAM 266 or the storage device 254 by the processing unit 208.
• information indicating the boundary of blood vessel presence/absence obtained by the above-mentioned blood vessel component presence/absence boundary acquisition process is also read from the RAM 266 and combined into the synthesized three-dimensional image.
• the image data of the stereoscopic image 681M in which information indicating the boundary of presence or absence of blood vessels is configured is stored in the RAM 266 or the storage device 254 by the processing unit 208.
• the display screen is generated by the display control unit 204 of the server 140 based on a user's instruction, and is output by the processing unit 208 to the viewer 150 as an image signal.
• Viewer 150 displays a display screen on the display based on the image signal.
• a display screen 500A is shown. As shown in FIG. 17, display screen 500A has an information area 502 and an image display area 504A. Image display area 504A includes a comment field 506 that displays the patient's treatment history.
• the information area 502 includes a patient ID display field 512, a patient name display field 514, an age display field 516, an acuity display field 518, a right eye/left eye display field 520, and an axial length display field 522.
• the viewer 150 displays information in each display area from the patient ID display field 512 to the axial length display field 522 based on the information received from the server 140.
• the image display area 504A is an area that mainly displays images of the eye to be examined.
• the image display area 504A is provided with the following display fields, specifically including a UWF fundus image display field 542 and a choroidal blood vessel stereoscopic image display field 548.
• an OCT volume data conceptual diagram display field and a tomographic image display field 546 can be displayed in a superimposed manner on the image display area 504A.
• the comment field 506 included in the image display area 504A functions as a comment field in which the patient's treatment history can be displayed, and the results of observation and diagnosis by the ophthalmologist, who is the user, can be arbitrarily input.
• a UWF-SLO fundus image 542B captured by the ophthalmologic apparatus 110 of the fundus of the eye to be examined is displayed.
• a range 542A indicating the position where the OCT volume data was acquired is displayed in a superimposed manner. If there is a plurality of OCT volume data associated with the UWF-SLO image, the plurality of ranges may be displayed in a superimposed manner, and the user may select one position from the plurality of ranges.
• FIG. 17 shows that the range including the vortex vein in the upper right corner of the UWF-SLO image was scanned.
• a stereoscopic image (3D image) 548B of the choroidal blood vessel obtained by image processing the OCT volume data is displayed in the choroidal blood vessel stereoscopic image display field 548.
• the stereoscopic image 548B can be rotated around three axes by user operation.
• the stereoscopic image 548B of the choroidal blood vessels includes an image of the second choroidal blood vessel (stereoscopic image of a large blood vessel) extending from the ampullae 548X and an image of the third choroidal blood vessel (a stereoscopic image of a thin blood vessel) in different display formats. Can be displayed.
• a solid line represents a stereoscopic image 548L of a large blood vessel extending from the ampullae 548X
• a dotted line represents a stereoscopic image 548S of a thin blood vessel.
• the stereoscopic image 548L of a large blood vessel and the stereoscopic image 548S of a thin blood vessel may be displayed in different colors, or the background (filling) of the images may be different.
• FIG. 17 shows an example in which a layer boundary 548P is displayed with a thick solid line.
• This boundary 548P is a boundary regarding the presence or absence of a choroidal blood vessel, and it is possible to confirm a region including a blood vessel component, thereby making it possible to accurately treat the patient. It also becomes possible to perform quantitative measurements such as the depth of blood vessels with high precision.
• a three-dimensional image of choroidal blood vessels including large blood vessels and small blood vessels can be confirmed.
• By scanning an area that includes vortex veins it is possible to display vortex veins and surrounding choroidal vessels, including large and small blood vessels, in a three-dimensional image.Furthermore, by superimposing and displaying the boundaries of the presence or absence of choroidal vessels, The user can obtain more information for diagnosis.
• the boundary indicating the presence or absence of choroidal blood vessels can be obtained based on OCT volume data including the choroid, so the boundary indicating the presence or absence of choroidal blood vessels can be visualized three-dimensionally together with the choroidal blood vessels. It becomes possible to do so.
• the present invention is not limited to image feature amounts that change depending on the presence or absence of blood vessel components.
• the choroidal blood vessels gradually become narrower as the layer deepens.
• it is also possible to specify the boundary by supplementarily using information about the depth of the layer in the fundus of the eye and information about the diameter of the choroidal blood vessels at the depth. Specifically, the thickness of the choroidal blood vessels or the degree to which the thickness of the choroidal blood vessels changes in the depth direction is detected, and the boundary is identified based on the thickness or degree and a predetermined threshold value. It is possible to do so.
• a threshold value indicating the thickness corresponding to the boundary when using information on the thickness of choroidal blood vessels and a threshold value, it is possible to predetermine a threshold value indicating the thickness corresponding to the boundary, and to identify the layer where the thickness of the choroidal blood vessel is equal to or less than the threshold value as the boundary. It is possible.
• a threshold value indicating the degree of change corresponding to the boundary is determined in advance, and the layer where the degree of change in the thickness of the choroidal blood vessel is less than the threshold value is set as the boundary. It is possible to specify.
• the image processing (FIG. 5) is executed by the server 140, but the present disclosure is not limited to this, and the additional image processing further provided in the ophthalmological apparatus 110, viewer 150, or network It may be performed by the device.
• each component may exist as long as there is no contradiction.
• image processing is realized by a software configuration using a computer, but the present disclosure is not limited to this, and at least a part of the processing can be realized by a hardware configuration.
• a CPU is used as an example of a general-purpose processor, but a processor refers to a processor in a broad sense, and includes a general-purpose processor (for example, CPU: Central Processing Unit, etc.) and a dedicated processor ( For example, GPU: Graphics Processing Unit, ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit, FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Ar ray, programmable logic device, etc.). Therefore, image processing may be performed only by the hardware configuration, or part of the image processing may be performed by the software configuration, and the remaining processing may be performed by the hardware configuration. You can.
• the operation of the processor described above may be performed not only by one processor, but also by multiple processors working together, or by multiple processors located at physically separate locations working together. It may be something that is done.
• a program in which the above-described processes are written in code that can be processed by a computer may be stored and distributed in a storage medium such as an optical disk.
• the present disclosure includes cases in which image processing is implemented by a software configuration using a computer and cases in which it is not implemented, and thus includes the following techniques.
• An acquisition unit that acquires OCT volume data including the choroid; a generation unit that generates a plurality of en-face images corresponding to a plurality of planes having different depths based on the OCT volume data; a derivation unit that derives image feature amounts in each of the plurality of en-face images; a determination unit that determines, based on each of the image feature amounts, a boundary between en-face images in which the image feature amount indicates switching between presence and absence of choroidal blood vessels;
• An image processing device comprising:
• the acquisition unit acquiring OCT volume data including the choroid; a generation unit generating a plurality of en-face images corresponding to a plurality of planes having different depths based on the OCT volume data; a derivation unit deriving image feature amounts for each of the plurality of en-face images; a step in which the determining unit determines, based on each of the image feature amounts, a boundary between en-face images in which the image feature amount indicates switching between the presence and absence of choroidal blood vessels; image processing methods including;
• the image processing unit 206 is an example of an “acquisition unit”, a “generation unit”, a derivation unit, and a determination unit of the present disclosure. Based on the above disclosure, the following technology is proposed.
• a computer program product for image processing comprises a computer readable storage medium that is not itself a transitory signal;
• a program is stored in the computer readable storage medium, The program is to the processor, acquiring OCT volume data including the choroid; generating a plurality of en-face images corresponding to a plurality of planes having different depths based on the OCT volume data; deriving image feature amounts in each of the plurality of en-face images; Based on each of the image feature amounts, determining a boundary between en-face images in which the image feature amount indicates switching between the presence and absence of choroidal blood vessels; to process, computer program product.
• Server 140 is an example of a "computer program product" of this disclosure.

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