WO2023199158A1

WO2023199158A1 - Power storage module

Info

Publication number: WO2023199158A1
Application number: PCT/IB2023/053316
Authority: WO
Inventors: 片桐治樹; 塚本洋介; 長多剛
Original assignee: 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所
Priority date: 2022-04-15
Filing date: 2023-04-03
Publication date: 2023-10-19

Abstract

Provided is a power storage module that is capable of suppressing an accident even when a problem has occurred in an IC of a control circuit. This power storage module has a power storage device, a PTC element, an IC, a first external terminal, and a second external terminal, wherein: the power storage device has a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal; the PTC element has a first terminal and a second terminal; the IC has a third terminal and a fourth terminal; the first terminal is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal and the first external terminal; the second terminal is electrically connected to the third terminal; and the fourth terminal is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal and the second external terminal.

Description

Energy storage module

The invention disclosed in this specification etc. (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "the present invention" in this specification etc.) relates to a power storage device, a secondary battery, etc. In particular, it relates to lithium ion batteries.

Alternatively, the present invention relates to a product, a method, or a manufacturing method. Alternatively, the invention relates to a process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter. Alternatively, the present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a display device, a light emitting device, a power storage device, a lighting device, an electronic device, a vehicle, or a manufacturing method thereof.

In recent years, various power storage devices such as lithium ion batteries, lithium ion capacitors, and air batteries have been actively developed. In particular, lithium-ion batteries with high output and high energy density are used in mobile phones, smartphones, portable information terminals such as notebook computers, portable music players, digital cameras, medical equipment, hybrid vehicles (HVs), and electric vehicles. With the development of the semiconductor industry, demand for electric vehicles such as EVs (EVs) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs) has rapidly expanded, and they have become essential in today's information society as a source of repeatedly rechargeable energy. It has become a thing.

A power storage device (sometimes referred to as a battery, a secondary battery, etc.) has charging characteristics and/or discharge characteristics that vary depending on a battery charging environment and/or a battery discharging environment. For example, it is known that the discharge capacity of lithium ion batteries decreases in a low temperature environment, that is, when the temperature of the battery is low.

Therefore, we have proposed a power storage module that can heat the battery using a heater installed adjacent to the battery when there is a power storage device (sometimes called a battery, secondary battery, etc.) in a low-temperature environment. (For example, see Patent Document 1).

JP2014-30340

Patent Document 1 discloses a power storage module in which a heater is installed adjacent to a power storage device and the heater heats the power storage device. The power storage module further includes a temperature sensor that is placed adjacent to the power storage device and detects the temperature of the power storage device, and a control circuit into which information about the temperature of the power storage device detected by the temperature sensor is input, and the control circuit is disclosed to control turning on and off of the heater.

In a power storage module having such a configuration, the control circuit needs to operate stably in order to appropriately control the temperature of the power storage device. However, ICs such as microcontrollers that are often used in control circuits may not operate properly due to problems such as latch-up. If the control circuit does not operate normally as described above, the heater adjacent to the power storage device cannot be controlled, and even if the power storage device reaches a dangerous temperature, the heater may continue to heat the power storage device. Furthermore, if such a state continues, there is a risk that it may lead to an accident such as the power storage device catching fire.

Therefore, one of the challenges is to suppress accidents such as ignition of the power storage device due to defects (such as latch-up) in the control circuit of the power storage module. Specifically, one of the objects is to provide a power storage module that can passively restart a control circuit when a latch-up occurs in a control circuit included in the power storage module.

Note that the description of these issues does not preclude the existence of other issues. One embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily need to solve all of these problems. Problems other than these can be extracted from the description, drawings, and claims.

One embodiment of the present invention includes a power storage device, a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) element, an IC, a first external terminal, and a second external terminal, and the power storage device has a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The PTC element has a first terminal and a second terminal, the IC has a third terminal and a fourth terminal, and the first terminal is electrically connected to the positive terminal and the first external terminal, the second terminal is electrically connected to the third terminal, and the fourth terminal is electrically connected to the negative terminal and the second external terminal. It is a power storage module that is connected to

Furthermore, in the above power storage module, the PTC element is preferably an overcurrent protection element.

Another aspect of the present invention includes a power storage device, a PTC element, an IC, an NTC element, a first external terminal, and a second external terminal, and the power storage device includes a positive terminal and the PTC element has a first terminal and a second terminal; the IC has a third terminal and a fourth terminal; The terminal is electrically connected to the positive terminal and the first external terminal, the second terminal is electrically connected to the third terminal, and the fourth terminal is electrically connected to the negative terminal and the second external terminal. The NTC element is a power storage module that is electrically connected to the IC.

Further, in the above power storage module, the PTC element is preferably an overcurrent protection element, and the NTC element is preferably a temperature sensor.

Another aspect of the present invention includes a power storage device, a first PTC element, an IC, an NTC element, a second PTC element, a first external terminal, and a second external terminal. The power storage device has a positive terminal and a negative terminal, the first PTC element has a first terminal and a second terminal, and the IC has a third terminal, a fourth terminal, the first terminal is electrically connected to the positive terminal and the first external terminal, the second terminal is electrically connected to the third terminal, and the fourth terminal is electrically connected to the positive terminal and the first external terminal. The terminal is electrically connected to the negative terminal and the second external terminal, the NTC element is electrically connected to the IC, and the second PTC element is electrically connected to the IC. be.

Further, in the above power storage module, it is preferable that the first PTC element is an overcurrent protection element. Moreover, it is preferable that the NTC element is a temperature sensor and the second PTC element is a heater.

Further, in the above power storage module, the IC is preferably a battery control IC. Alternatively, the IC is preferably a battery protection IC.

Further, in the above power storage module, the IC preferably includes a microcontroller. At this time, the microcontroller preferably has a CPU, a memory, a clock generation circuit, an input section, and an output section.

Further, one embodiment of the present invention includes a power storage device, an IC, a PTC element, and a first external terminal, the power storage device is electrically connected to the PTC element and the external terminal, and the IC is electrically connected to the PTC element and the external terminal. , a power storage module that is electrically connected to a power storage device via a PTC element, and when an abnormality occurs in the IC and overcurrent flows through the IC and the PTC element, the PTC element overheats and the resistance value decreases. When the temperature of the PTC element decreases, the resistance of the PTC element decreases and the current flows through the PTC element, causing the IC to stop. This is a power storage module that restarts the IC.

In the above, latch-up can be cited as an abnormality in the IC.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, accidents such as ignition of a power storage device due to a malfunction (such as latch-up) of an IC included in a control circuit of a power storage module can be suppressed. Specifically, it is possible to provide a power storage module that can passively restart (reset) the control circuit when latch-up occurs in an IC included in the control circuit of the power storage module.

Note that the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. One embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily need to have all of these effects. Effects other than these can be extracted from the description, drawings, and claims.

FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a power storage module.
2A to 2C are diagrams illustrating a PTC element.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an operation flow when a malfunction occurs in the IC included in the control circuit of the power storage module.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a power storage module.
5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a power storage module.
6A to 6D are diagrams illustrating the TCO element.
7A to 7E are diagrams illustrating the TCO element.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a power storage module.
9A to 9C are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a power storage module.
FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a power storage module.
FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a power storage module.
FIGS. 12A to 12D are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of power storage modules.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power storage module.
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power storage module.
FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power storage module.
FIG. 16A is an exploded perspective view of a coin-type secondary battery, FIG. 16B is a perspective view of the coin-type secondary battery, and FIG. 16C is a cross-sectional perspective view thereof.
FIG. 17A shows an example of a cylindrical secondary battery. FIG. 17B shows an example of a cylindrical secondary battery. FIG. 17C shows an example of a plurality of cylindrical secondary batteries. FIG. 17D shows an example of a power storage system including a plurality of cylindrical secondary batteries.
18A and 18B are diagrams illustrating an example of a secondary battery, and FIG. 18C is a diagram illustrating the inside of the secondary battery.
19A to 19C are diagrams illustrating examples of secondary batteries.
FIG. 20A and FIG. 20B are diagrams showing the appearance of the secondary battery.
21A to 21C are diagrams illustrating a method for manufacturing a secondary battery.
22A to 22C show configuration examples of battery packs.
FIG. 23A is a perspective view of a battery module showing one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 23B is a block diagram of the battery module, and FIG. 23C is a block diagram of a vehicle having the battery module.
24A to 24D are diagrams illustrating an example of a transportation vehicle. FIG. 24E is a diagram illustrating an example of an artificial satellite.
25A and 25B are diagrams illustrating a power storage device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 26A is a diagram showing an electric bicycle, FIG. 26B is a diagram showing a secondary battery of the electric bicycle, and FIG. 26C is a diagram explaining a scooter.
27A to 27D are diagrams illustrating an example of an electronic device.
FIG. 28A shows an example of a wearable device, FIG. 28B shows a perspective view of a wristwatch-type device, and FIG. 28C is a diagram illustrating a side view of the wristwatch-type device.

Embodiments will be described in detail using the drawings. However, those skilled in the art will easily understand that the present invention is not limited to the following description, and that the form and details thereof can be changed in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described in the embodiments shown below.

In the configuration of the invention described below, the same parts or parts having similar functions are designated by the same reference numerals in different drawings, and repeated explanation thereof will be omitted. Furthermore, when referring to similar functions, the hatching pattern may be the same and no particular reference numeral may be attached.

Further, for ease of understanding, the position, size, range, etc. of each component shown in the drawings may not represent the actual position, size, range, etc. Therefore, the disclosed invention is not necessarily limited to the position, size, range, etc. disclosed in the drawings.

In this specification, etc., ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" are used for convenience, and do not limit the number of components or the order of the components (for example, the order of steps or the order of lamination). It's not something you do. Further, the ordinal number attached to a constituent element in a certain part of this specification may not match the ordinal number attached to the constituent element in another part of this specification or in the claims.

Note that the words "film" and "layer" can be interchanged depending on the situation or circumstances. For example, the term "conductive layer" can be changed to the term "conductive film." Alternatively, for example, the term "insulating film" can be changed to the term "insulating layer."

In this specification, etc., words indicating arrangement such as "above," "below," "above," or "below" are used to explain the positional relationship between constituent elements with reference to the drawings. In some cases, it is used for convenience. Further, the positional relationship between the components changes as appropriate depending on the direction in which each component is depicted. Therefore, the words and phrases are not limited to those explained in this specification, etc., and can be appropriately rephrased depending on the situation. For example, the expression "an insulator located above a conductor" can be translated into "an insulator located below a conductor" by rotating the orientation of the drawing by 180 degrees.

Note that in this specification and the like, the terms "above" and "below" do not limit the positional relationship of components to be "directly above" or "directly below." For example, the expression "a gate electrode on a gate insulating film" does not exclude the inclusion of other components between the gate insulating film and the gate electrode.

Further, in this specification and the like, the terms "electrode" and "wiring" do not functionally limit these components. For example, an "electrode" may be used as part of a "wiring" and vice versa. Furthermore, the terms "electrode" and "wiring" include cases where a plurality of "electrodes" and "wiring" are formed integrally.

Furthermore, the functions of "source" and "drain" may be interchanged when transistors with different polarities are employed, or when the direction of current changes during circuit operation. Therefore, in this specification, the terms "source" and "drain" can be used interchangeably.

Note that in this specification and the like, "electrically connected" includes a case where the two are connected via "something that has some kind of electrical effect." Here, "something that has some kind of electrical effect" is not particularly limited as long as it enables transmission and reception of electrical signals between connected objects. For example, "something that has some kind of electrical action" includes electrodes, wiring, switching elements such as transistors, resistance elements, inductors, capacitors, and other elements with various functions.

(Embodiment 1)
This embodiment will be described below.

<Electricity storage module 100>
The power storage module of this embodiment will be described below.

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a configuration example of a power storage module 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A shows a power storage device 10, a heater 21, a temperature sensor 22, an IC (Integrated Circuit) 31, and a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) element 32 included in a power storage module 100. Power storage device 10 has a positive terminal 11 and a negative terminal 12.

Note that the power storage device 10 refers to one battery or two or more batteries. A combination of two or more batteries, that is, a plurality of batteries, can also be called an assembled battery. Therefore, when power storage device 10 is composed of one battery, positive terminal 11 and negative terminal 12 are the positive terminal (terminal with higher potential) and negative terminal (terminal with lower potential) of the battery. It refers to Further, when the power storage device 10 is a battery pack, the terminal with the highest potential in the battery pack is called the positive terminal 11, and the terminal with the lowest potential is called the negative terminal 12.

As shown in FIG. 1A, heater 21 and temperature sensor 22 are preferably installed adjacent to power storage device 10. However, heater 21 and temperature sensor 22 do not necessarily need to be in direct contact with power storage device 10 . For example, heater 21 does not necessarily need to be in direct contact with power storage device 10 as long as it is installed inside power storage module 100 at a position where power storage device 10 can be heated. Further, for example, temperature sensor 22 does not necessarily need to be in direct contact with power storage device 10 as long as it is installed at a position where it can measure the temperature of power storage device 10 .

Heater 21 is electrically connected to IC 31. Further, the temperature sensor 22 is electrically connected to the IC 31. Further, the PTC element 32 is connected to the IC 31.

Note that, as shown in FIG. 1A, the IC 31 and the PTC element 32 are preferably provided on the circuit board 30. In addition to the IC 31 and the PTC element 32, the circuit board 30 also includes one or more of a field effect transistor (FET), a resistance element, a thermal cut off (TCO) element, etc., which will be described later. can be provided.

FIG. 1B is a circuit diagram showing the electrical connection relationship among power storage device 10, heater 21, temperature sensor 22, IC 31, and PTC element 32 included in power storage module 100. Although not shown in FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B shows

external terminals

51 and 52 that the power storage module 100 has.

External terminal 51 is electrically connected to positive terminal 11 of power storage device 10 , and external terminal 52 is electrically connected to negative terminal 12 of power storage device 10 . Furthermore, the power storage module 100 is electrically connected to a power consumption unit included in an electronic device, a vehicle, or the like including the power storage module 100 at the

external terminals

51 and 52 . Note that the power consumption unit refers to, for example, a CPU, a memory, a display, an inverter, etc. in an electronic device, and a motor, a light, a power steering, an inverter, etc. in a vehicle.

In the power storage module 100 shown in FIG. 1B, the positive electrode terminal 11 is electrically connected to the external terminal 51, and the negative electrode terminal 12 is electrically connected to the external terminal 52. Further, the positive electrode terminal 11 is electrically connected to one terminal of the PTC element 32. The other terminal of the PTC element 32 is electrically connected to the power supply potential terminal (VCC terminal) of the IC 31 , and the ground potential terminal (GND terminal) of the IC 31 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 12 .

Further, one terminal of the heater 21 is electrically connected to the IC 31, and the other terminal of the heater 21 is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 12. Further, one terminal of the temperature sensor 22 is electrically connected to the IC 31, and the other terminal of the temperature sensor 22 is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 12.

As the heater 21, for example, a PTC thermistor can be used. Furthermore, instead of a PTC thermistor, a resistance element whose resistance is substantially constant regardless of temperature may be used as the heater 21.

As shown in FIG. 1A, a configuration can be adopted in which the outside of power storage device 10 is directly heated using plate-shaped heater 21. Alternatively, a configuration may be adopted in which heat emitted from heater 21 is transferred to power storage device 10 via a heat medium to indirectly heat power storage device 10. A solid member with high heat conductivity such as metal may be used as the heat medium. Moreover, a liquid medium or a gas medium may be used as the heat medium.

As the temperature sensor 22, for example, an NTC thermistor (NTC: Negative Temperature Coefficient) is used. That is, an NTC element can be used as the temperature sensor 22. An NTC thermistor is a thermistor whose resistance decreases with increasing temperature. However, the temperature sensor 22 is not limited to the NTC thermistor, and other types of temperature sensors such as a PTC thermistor and a thermocouple may be used.

[PTC element]
An example of a PTC element that can be used as the PTC element 32 will be described using FIGS. 2A to 2C.

FIG. 2A is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the structure of the PTC element 32. The PTC element 32 includes an electrode plate 211, an electrode plate 212, a variable resistance layer 213, a terminal 214, and a terminal 215. The variable resistance layer 213 is sandwiched between the electrode plate 211 and the electrode plate 212, one surface of the variable resistance layer 213 is in contact with the electrode plate 211, and the other surface of the variable resistance layer 213 is in contact with the electrode plate 212. Electrode plate 211 is connected to terminal 214, and electrode plate 212 is connected to terminal 215.

The temperature characteristics of the variable resistance layer 213 have a positive temperature coefficient such that the electrical resistance increases rapidly above a predetermined temperature (Curie temperature (also referred to as Curie point) Tc). As the variable resistance layer 213 having such temperature characteristics, a polymer molded body containing a thermoplastic resin and conductive fine particles can be used. Alternatively, a ceramic molded body containing barium titanate (TiBaO ₃ ) to which a trace amount of a rare earth element is added can be used.

The PTC element 32 described in FIG. 2A has the characteristics shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C. FIG. 2B is a graph showing the relationship between temperature and resistance of the PTC element 32. According to the temperature characteristics of the variable resistance layer 213, the PTC element 32 has a positive temperature coefficient such that the electrical resistance rapidly increases above a predetermined temperature. Therefore, when a constant voltage is applied across the PTC element 32, when the temperature of the PTC element 32 rises above a predetermined temperature, the resistance of the PTC element 32 increases rapidly, and the current decreases rapidly. When the temperature further increases, the electrical resistance of the PTC element 32 increases to the extent that no current substantially flows. That is, the PTC element 32 is an overheat protection element that has a function (also referred to as an overheat protection function) of cutting off current when overheating occurs.

Furthermore, when the current flowing through the PTC element 32 is equal to or higher than a predetermined current value (also referred to as a case where an overcurrent flows), the temperature of the PTC element 32 increases and exceeds Tc of the PTC element. , the current flowing through the PTC element 32 suddenly decreases, similar to the overheating protection function described above. That is, the PTC element 32 is an overcurrent protection element that has a function (also referred to as an overcurrent protection function) of blocking the current when an overcurrent flows through the PTC element 32. FIG. 2C is a graph showing the relationship between time and current when an overcurrent flows through the PTC element 32. A current value exhibiting the behavior shown in FIG. 2C is sometimes called a trip current value. That is, the above-mentioned overcurrent refers to a current larger than the trip current value.

From the above, it can be said that the PTC element 32 is an element having an overheat protection function and an overcurrent protection function. In other words, the PTC element 32 can be said to be an overheat protection element and an overcurrent protection element.

[About IC31 restart function]
As shown in FIG. 1B, in the power storage module 100, the positive terminal 11 is electrically connected to one terminal of the PTC element 32, and the other terminal of the PTC element 32 is electrically connected to the VCC terminal of the IC 31. There is. That is, the IC 31 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 11 via the PTC element 32. Note that the IC 31 can have terminals other than the VCC terminal and GND terminal shown above. For example, the IC 31 may have any one or more of a terminal for voltage measurement, a terminal for current measurement, a terminal for controlling the gate of an FET, and a terminal for communication as a terminal other than the VCC terminal and the GND terminal. You can have more than one.

In this specification, a terminal refers to a part that electrically connects a power storage device, an IC, a PTC element, etc., and the shape of the terminal is not particularly limited. Bolt shape, wire shape, flat plate shape, ring shape, socket shape, pin shape, hemispherical shape made of solder used in BGA (Ball Grid Array), flat plate shape used in LGA (Land Grid Array), through hole in PCB board Terminals of various shapes can be used, such as terminals and lands (also referred to as pads). In addition, in a power storage device, a part of the battery's exterior may function as a positive terminal or a negative terminal, and in such cases, a part of the battery's exterior may function as a positive or negative terminal. It is possible to use

It is preferable that IC 31 has a protection function and a control function for power storage device 10. For example, the protection function may include one or more of battery overcharge protection, overdischarge protection, overcharge current protection, overdischarge current protection, and overtemperature protection, which the power storage device 10 has. can. Furthermore, the control function may include one or more of charging control, discharging control, and cell balance control. In other words, the IC 31 is preferably a battery control IC. Further, the IC 31 is preferably a battery protection IC. Note that when the IC 31 has a function mainly for cell balance control, the IC 31 can also be called a cell balance control IC.

It is preferable that the IC 31 has a function as a microcontroller. When the IC 31 has a function as a microcontroller, the IC 31 has a CPU, a memory, a clock generation circuit, an input section, and an output section. The input section and the output section may be collectively referred to as an I/O section. Further, the IC 31 can operate according to a program stored in the memory. For example, when IC 31 detects through temperature sensor 22 that the temperature of power storage device 10 is below a predetermined temperature, IC 31 can operate heater 21 based on the detected temperature information. Furthermore, when IC 31 detects through temperature sensor 22 that the temperature of power storage device 10 is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, IC 31 can stop heater 21 based on the detected temperature information.

The IC 31 shown in the above example can control the heater 21 and the temperature sensor 22 when the IC 31 is operating normally, but when the IC 31 is not operating normally, the heater 21 and the temperature sensor 22 cannot be controlled. there is a possibility. If heater 21 and temperature sensor 22 cannot be controlled, the temperature of power storage device 10 may reach a dangerous temperature.

An example of the above-mentioned state in which the IC 31 is not normal is the occurrence of latch-up. Latch-up refers to a state in which a parasitic transistor (parasitic thyristor) included in an IC becomes uncontrollable while remaining in an on state, and current continues to flow through the IC. Note that in order to eliminate latch-up and normalize the IC, it is necessary to cut off the current to the IC and then turn it on again.

IC 31 included in power storage module 100 is electrically connected to positive electrode terminal 11 via PTC element 32 . In other words, current is flowing through the IC 31 via the PTC element 32. In the power storage module 100 having such a configuration, when latch-up occurs in the IC 31 included in the power storage module, the PTC element 32 can interrupt the current flowing to the IC 31. In other words, it is possible to normalize the IC 31 in which latch-up has occurred. The details will be explained using FIG. 3.

In FIG. 3, a case is assumed in which power storage device 10 is electrically connected to IC 31 while storing power (not in a completely discharged state).

In step S1, IC 31, PTC element 32, and power storage device 10 are electrically connected. Here, IC 31 receives power supply from power storage device 10 via PTC element 32 . As a result, the IC 31 is activated and enters a normal operating state as shown in step S2.

Below, a case where latch-up occurs in the IC 31 will be explained using steps S3 to S9.

As shown in steps S3 and S4, when latch-up occurs in the IC 31 (if the selection in step S3 is YES), an abnormal current flows through the IC 31 and the PTC element 32 (step S4). Here, the abnormal current refers to a current larger than the upper limit current when the IC 31 is operating normally. In other words, this is an abnormally large current that does not flow when the IC 31 is operating normally.

Here, the value of the trip current of the PTC element 32 is set to be larger than the upper limit current value when the IC 31 is operating normally, and smaller than the abnormal current value when the IC 31 has latch-up. In this case, the current of the PTC element 32 suddenly decreases as shown in the time-current characteristics shown in FIG. 2C. That is, as a current larger than the trip current value flows through the PTC element 32, the temperature of the PTC element 32 rises and the resistance increases (step S5). As a result, the current flowing through the IC 31 suddenly decreases, and the operation of the IC 31 is stopped (step S6).

After that, when the temperature of the PTC element 32 decreases (if the selection in step S7 is YES), the resistance of the PTC element 32 decreases (step S8). When the resistance of the PTC element 32 decreases and current starts flowing through the IC 31 again, the IC 31 is restarted (step S9). In this way, the IC 31 can return to the normal operating state of step S2.

As described above, in the power storage module 100 of one embodiment of the present invention, when latch-up occurs in the IC 31 included in the power storage module, the PTC element 32 can interrupt the current flowing to the IC 31, and then As the temperature of the PTC element 32 decreases, it is possible to restart the power supply to the IC 31 and return the IC 31 to a normal state.

That is, when latch-up occurs in the IC 31 included in the power storage module 100, it is possible to passively restart (reset) the IC 31.

As an example, IC latch-up may be caused by high-energy particle radiation. Under normal circumstances, the possibility of latch-up caused by radiation from high-energy particles is low, but in outer space (outside the Earth's atmosphere), nuclear power plants, etc., latch-up caused by radiation from high-energy particles can occur. It is assumed that there are cases in which the increase cannot be ignored. Therefore, the power storage module 100 of one embodiment of the present invention is suitable for electronic devices and vehicles used in environments where there may be a lot of high-energy particle radiation, such as outer space (outside the Earth's atmosphere) and nuclear power plants. It can be said that it is. Note that radiation includes electromagnetic radiation (for example, X-rays and gamma rays) and particle radiation (for example, alpha rays, beta rays, neutron rays, proton rays, and neutron rays).

<Modified example of power storage module 100>
Modifications of the power storage module 100 will be described using FIGS. 4A to 15. In the following description, parts that overlap with those shown in FIG. 1B will be referred to, and the description may be omitted.

FIG. 4A is a circuit diagram showing a modification of power storage module 100 shown in FIG. 1B. Although FIG. 1B shows a configuration in which the IC 31 and the heater 21 are electrically connected and the IC 31 directly controls the operation and stop of the heater 21, as shown in FIG. It's okay.

In the power storage module 100A shown in FIG. 4A, the positive terminal 11 is electrically connected to the external terminal 51, and the negative terminal 12 is electrically connected to the external terminal 52. Further, the positive electrode terminal 11 is electrically connected to one terminal of the PTC element 32. The other terminal of the PTC element 32 is electrically connected to the VCC terminal of the IC 31, and the GND terminal of the IC 31 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 12.

Note that when describing matters common to power storage module 100, power storage module 100A,

power storage modules

100B, 100C, etc. described later, they may be referred to as power storage module 100.

Further, one terminal of the heater 21 is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the FET 33, the other of the source and drain of the FET 33 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 11, and the gate of the FET 33 is electrically connected to the IC 31. The other terminal of the heater 21 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 12 . Further, one terminal of the temperature sensor 22 is electrically connected to the IC 31, and the other terminal of the temperature sensor 22 is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 12.

FIG. 4B is a circuit diagram showing a modification of power storage module 100B shown in FIG. 1B, which includes a resistance element 34 for current detection.

In the power storage module 100B shown in FIG. 4B, the positive terminal 11 is electrically connected to one terminal of the resistive element 34, the other terminal of the resistive element 34 is electrically connected to the external terminal 51, and the negative terminal 12 is electrically connected to the external terminal 51. is electrically connected to the external terminal 52. Further, the other terminal of the resistance element 34 is electrically connected to one terminal of the PTC element 32. The other terminal of the PTC element 32 is electrically connected to the VCC terminal of the IC 31, and the GND terminal of the IC 31 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 12. Moreover, each of one terminal and the other terminal of the resistance element 34 is electrically connected to the IC 31. With such a configuration, in the IC 31, it is possible to calculate the value of the current flowing through the resistance element 34 based on the voltage at one terminal of the resistance element 34 and the voltage at the other terminal of the resistance element 34. It is.

FIG. 5A is a circuit diagram showing a modification of power storage module 100 shown in FIG. 1B.

The power storage module 100C shown in FIG. 5A includes a TCO (Thermal Cut Off) element 35. The TCO element 35 has a function of cutting off current when the temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature. In power storage module 100C, one terminal of TCO element 35 is electrically connected to positive terminal 11 of power storage device 10, and the other terminal of TCO element 35 is electrically connected to external terminal 51 and one terminal of PTC element 32. connected. That is, compared to the power storage module 100 shown in FIG. 1B, the TCO element 35 is located between the positive terminal 11 and the external terminal 51, and between the positive terminal 11 and the PTC element 32. It is preferable that TCO element 35 be provided adjacent to power storage device 10 . By providing the TCO element 35 adjacent to the power storage device 10, it is possible to cut off the charging current to the power storage device 10 and the discharge current from the power storage device 10 when the power storage device 10 overheats. It becomes possible.

FIG. 5B is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the power storage module 100A shown in FIG. 4A.

Power storage module 100D shown in FIG. 5B includes TCO element 35. In power storage module 100D, one terminal of TCO element 35 is electrically connected to positive electrode terminal 11, one terminal of PTC element 32, and external terminal 51. Further, the other terminal of the TCO element 35 is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the FET 33. That is, compared to the power storage module 100A shown in FIG. 4A, the TCO element 35 is located between the positive electrode terminal 11 and the FET 33. With such a configuration, overcurrent flowing through the heater 21 can be suppressed.

[TCO element]
The structure and operation of the TCO element 35 will be explained using FIGS. 6A to 6D. FIG. 6A is a top view of the TCO element 35. The TCO element 35 includes an exterior body 64 and

terminals

61 and 62 extending from the inside of the exterior body 64 to the outside.

6B and 6C are cross-sectional views of the TCO element 35 taken along the dashed line AB in FIG. 6A. FIG. 6B shows a state in which the

terminals

61 and 62 of the TCO element 35 are in contact, and this state is referred to as state X. Further, FIG. 6B shows a state in which the

terminals

61 and 62 of the TCO element 35 are not in contact with each other (separated from each other), and this state is referred to as state Y. The TCO element 35 is in either state X or state Y described above depending on the temperature of the TCO element 35. FIG. 6D is a graph showing the temperature of the TCO element 35 and the current flowing through the TCO element 35.

As shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C, the TCO element 35 includes a terminal 61, a terminal 62, a bimetal 63, and an exterior body 64. The bimetal 63 has two metal plates with different coefficients of thermal expansion, and when the temperature is lower than the trip temperature Ttrip of the TCO element 35, it assumes the shape of state X shown in FIG. In the case of high temperature, the shape becomes state Y shown in FIG. 6C. FIG. 6D shows a case where the temperature of the TCO element 35 is gradually increased while a constant current is passed through the TCO element 35. When the temperature of the TCO element 35 is equal to or lower than the trip temperature Ttrip (state X), current can flow through the TCO element 35 because it has the shape shown in FIG. 6B. On the other hand, when the temperature of the TCO element 35 is higher than the trip temperature Ttrip (state Y), current cannot flow through the TCO element 35 because it has the shape shown in FIG. 6C. In this way, the TCO element 35 has the function of cutting off the current when the temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature, and therefore can be said to have an overheat protection function.

7A to 7E are diagrams illustrating modified examples of the TCO element 35 described in FIGS. 6A to 6D.

FIG. 7A is a top view of the TCO element 35A. The TCO element 35A includes an exterior body 64, and

terminals

61 and 62 extending from the inside of the exterior body 64 to the outside.

7B and 7C are cross-sectional views of the TCO element 35A taken along the dashed line AB in FIG. 7A. FIG. 7B shows a state in which the

terminals

61 and 62 of the TCO element 35A are in contact, and this state is referred to as state C. Further, FIG. 7C shows a state in which the

terminals

61 and 62 of the TCO element 35A are not in contact with each other (separated from each other), and this state is referred to as state D. The TCO element 35A is in either state C or state D described above depending on the temperature of the TCO element 35A. 7D is a circuit diagram when the TCO element 35A is in state C, and FIG. 7E is a circuit diagram when the TCO element 35A is in state D.

As shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C, the TCO element 35A includes a PTC portion 65 in addition to the

terminals

61, 62, bimetal 63, and exterior body 64 that the TCO element 35 has. 6B to 6D, the TCO element 35A is in state C shown in FIG. 7B when the temperature is below the trip temperature Ttrip, and in state D shown in FIG. 7C when the temperature is higher than the trip temperature Ttrip. Become. In both state C and state D, the terminal 61 and the terminal 62 are electrically connected via the bimetal 63 and the PTC section 65. When the TCO element 35A has the above configuration, when an overcurrent flows through the TCO element 35A, the temperature of the PTC section 65 increases due to resistance heating. At this time, when the temperature of the bimetal 63 becomes higher than the trip temperature Ttrip, the shape changes from state C to state D. In other words, it can be said that the TCO element 35A is an element having an overheat protection function and an overcurrent protection function. Therefore, the TCO element 35A may be used instead of the PTC element 32 shown in FIG. 1B and the like.

8A, FIG. 8B, and FIG. 9A are circuit diagrams showing modified examples of power storage module 100 shown in FIG. 1B. Electricity storage module 100E shown in FIG. 8A includes FET 36 in addition to the configuration described in FIG. 1B. Power storage module 100F shown in FIG. 8B and power storage module 100G shown in FIG. 9A include FET 36 and FET 37 in addition to the configuration described in FIG. 1B. Further, FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating the FET 36, and FIG. 9C is a diagram illustrating the FET 37.

FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a circuit configuration when the FET 36 has a parasitic diode (also referred to as a body diode), and the FET 36 has a transistor 202A, a diode 203A, a terminal 204A, a terminal 205A, and a terminal 206A. Terminal 204A is electrically connected to power storage device 10, terminal 205A is electrically connected to external terminal 51 via FET 37, and terminal 206A is electrically connected to IC 31. The terminal 204A is electrically connected to the drain (D) of the transistor 202A and the anode of the diode 203A. Note that the source and drain of a transistor may be interchanged depending on the applied voltage, but here, in order to make it easier to understand the circuit configuration, in a p-channel transistor, the terminal with a high potential during charging is referred to as the source. , the lower terminal is called the drain. Furthermore, in an n-channel transistor, the terminal with a higher potential is called the drain, and the terminal with a lower potential is called the source.

When FET 36 has the configuration described in FIG. 9B, FET 36 has a function of passing and blocking a charging current of power storage device 10, and a function of passing a discharge current of power storage device 10.

FIG. 9C is a diagram showing a circuit configuration when the FET 37 has a parasitic diode (also referred to as a body diode), and the FET 37 includes a transistor 202B, a diode 203B, a terminal 204B, a terminal 205B, and a terminal 206B. Terminal 204B is electrically connected to power storage device 10 via FET 36, terminal 205B is electrically connected to external terminal 51, and terminal 206B is electrically connected to IC 31. Terminal 204B is electrically connected to the drain (D) of transistor 202B and the cathode of diode 203B.

When FET 37 has the configuration described in FIG. 9C, FET 37 has a function of passing and blocking a discharge current of power storage device 10, and a function of passing a charging current of power storage device 10.

As described above, in power storage module 100E shown in FIG. 8A, FET 36 has the function of passing and blocking the charging current of power storage device 10, and the function of flowing the discharging current of power storage device 10. Note that one terminal of the PTC element 32 can be electrically connected at a position between the positive electrode terminal 11 and the FET 36.

As described above, in the power storage module 100F shown in FIG. 8B, the FET 36 has the function of passing and blocking the charging current of the power storage device 10, and the function of passing the discharge current of the power storage device 10. Further, the FET 37 has a function of passing a discharge current of the power storage device 10 and a function of cutting off the discharge current, and a function of passing a charging current of the power storage device 10. Note that it is preferable that one terminal of the PTC element 32 is electrically connected at a position between the positive electrode terminal 11 and the FET 36. By electrically connecting the PTC element 32 at such a position, the IC 31 that is electrically connected to the power storage device 10 via the PTC element 32 can be connected to the power storage device 10 regardless of the states of the FET 36 and the FET 37. Electricity can be supplied.

Although FIG. 8B shows an example in which the power storage module 100F has one FET 36 and one FET 37, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. Like a power storage module 100G shown in FIG. 9A, a configuration may be adopted in which two FETs 36 are connected in parallel and two FETs 37 are connected in parallel. With such a configuration, charging and discharging with a large current can be easily performed.

FIG. 10A is a diagram showing a modification of the power storage module 100F having FET 36 and FET 37 shown in FIG. 8B. A power storage module 100H shown in FIG. 10A includes a PTC element 39 and a FET 40 that are connected in parallel with FET 36 and FET 37. PTC element 39 has a function of suppressing inrush current that occurs at startup in an electronic device or vehicle having power storage module 100H.

For example, if the PTC element 39 is connected in series with the FET 36 and the FET 37, power loss due to the PTC element 39 will occur. On the other hand, in the parallel connection configuration described in FIG. 10A, the PTC element 39 can be used only at necessary timings by controlling on/off of the FET 40, and power loss can be reduced, which is preferable.

Note that as the FET 36, FET 37, and FET 40, relays can also be used in addition to the configuration shown in FIG. 9B or FIG. 9C. A relay refers to a device that has a mechanism in which an electromagnet is activated by an electric signal from a control IC (for example, IC31) to open and close a switch. When using relays as the FET 36, FET 37, and FET 40, it is preferable because a large current can easily flow therethrough.

In the description of power storage modules 100 to 100H shown up to FIG. 10A, an example in which power storage device 10 has one battery has been illustrated, but power storage device 10 may have two or more batteries. .

For example, the power storage module shown in FIGS. 10B to 11B shows an example including a power storage device 10 having two batteries. In the case of a power storage device 10 having a plurality of batteries, such as a power storage module 100J shown in FIG. 10B, one heater 21 and one temperature sensor 22 may be used to manage the temperature of the power storage device 10. good. At this time, it is preferable to arrange the heater 21 at a position where it is in contact with both of the two batteries. For example, heater 21 can be placed between two batteries. Furthermore, it is also possible to arrange two batteries side by side and arrange the heater 21 at a position that is not between the two batteries and is in contact with both of the two batteries. In addition. The temperature sensor 22 may be provided near the position of the heater 21 described above, but may also be provided at a different location.

Alternatively, in the case of a power storage device 10 having a plurality of batteries, such as a power storage module 100K shown in FIG. Good too. The arrangement of the heaters 21 for a plurality of batteries can be done with reference to the above example. Moreover, the temperature sensor 22 can be provided in each battery.

Alternatively, in the case of a power storage device 10 having a plurality of batteries, such as a power storage module 100L shown in FIG. good. In this case, a heater 21 and a temperature sensor 22 may be provided for each of the plurality of batteries. Alternatively, several batteries may be combined into one set, and each set may be provided with a heater 21 and a temperature sensor 22.

Although not shown in FIGS. 10B to 11B, it is preferable that the IC 31 be configured to be able to measure the voltage of each battery included in the power storage device 10, as shown in FIG. 12A. 12A to 12D illustrate a part of the connection between the power storage device 10 and the IC 31 for the purpose of simplifying the explanation, and may be used in combination with the configuration of the power storage module 100 shown in FIG. 1B etc. as appropriate. be able to.

FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating an example in which power storage device 10 includes n batteries.

The batteries included in power storage device 10 may not only be connected in series, but also may be arranged in such a way that a plurality of batteries connected in parallel are further connected in series, as shown in FIG. 12C. The plurality of batteries connected in parallel is not limited to two as shown in FIG. 12C, but three or more batteries can be connected in parallel and further connected in series as shown in FIG. 12D.

Further, power storage module 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention may include two or more power storage devices. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a power storage module 100M having a power storage device 10A and a power storage device 10B as two power storage devices. Power storage device 10A has a positive terminal 11A and a negative terminal 12A. Power storage device 10B has a positive terminal 11B and a negative terminal 12B.

In power storage module 100M, positive electrode terminal 11A is electrically connected to external terminal 51, and negative electrode terminal 12A is electrically connected to external terminal 52. Further, the positive terminal 11B is electrically connected to one terminal of the PTC element 32, the other terminal of the PTC element 32 is electrically connected to the VCC terminal of the IC 31, and the GND terminal of the IC 31 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 12B. connected to. The heater 21 and temperature sensor 22 are the same as those in FIG. 1B.

The configurations of power storage device 10A and power storage device 10B may be the same or different. For example, when the power storage module 100M is used in a vehicle, the power storage device 10A is used as a power storage device capable of storing a large capacity for use in motor power, etc. (also referred to as strong power), and power storage device 10B is used for communication, etc. (also referred to as low power). ) can be used as a relatively small capacity power storage device.

Up to this point, as examples of the power storage module 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention, not only the example shown in FIG. 1B but also examples having further components such as the TCO element 35 have been described using FIGS. 4A to 13. ing. However, the power storage module of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the configurations of the power storage modules 100 to 100M individually illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 13, and a plurality of components may be combined as shown in FIG. can.

FIG. 14 shows a power storage device 10 having a plurality of batteries, a heater 21, a temperature sensor 22, an IC 31, a PTC element 32, an FET 33, a resistance element 34, a TCO element 35, an FET 36, an FET 37, It is a circuit diagram explaining electricity storage module 100N provided with PTC element 39 and FET40. For each component included in the power storage module 100N shown in FIG. 14, the description of FIGS. 1 to 12 can be referred to.

Note that the power storage module 100N may include a communication terminal 53 and a communication terminal 54 in addition to the external terminal 51 and the external terminal 52. For example, when the IC 31 has a communication function such as CAN, the IC 31 is electrically connected to the communication terminal 53 and the communication terminal 54 as shown in FIG. , or communicate with the vehicle.

Although FIG. 14 shows a configuration in which IC31 measures the voltage of each of the plurality of batteries included in power storage device 10, as in power storage module 100P shown in FIG. 15, IC41 different from IC31 measures the voltage of the battery. It may also be configured to measure. Here, the IC 41 may have not only the function of measuring voltage but also the function of adjusting the capacity balance (also referred to as cell balance) of the plurality of batteries included in the power storage device 10.

1 to 14, the PTC element 32, FET 33, resistance element 34, TCO element 35, FET 36, FET 37, PTC element 39, FET 40, etc. are connected to the path between the positive terminal 11 and the external terminal 51 (high potential side). ), but the example is not limited to this example. The PTC element 32, FET 33, resistance element 34, TCO element 35, FET 36, FET 37, PTC element 39, FET 40, etc. may be provided in the path (low potential side) between the negative terminal 12 and the external terminal 52. For example, in FIG. 1B, instead of providing the PTC element 32 between the positive terminal 11 and the IC 31 (VCC) and between the external terminal 51 and the IC 31 (VCC), the PTC element 32 is provided between the negative terminal 12 and the IC 31 (VCC). The power storage module 100 may be provided at a position between the external terminal 52 and the IC 31 (GND) and between the external terminal 52 and the IC 31 (GND).

The above is the description of the power storage module 100 of one embodiment of the present invention. Note that in FIGS. 1 to 15, resistive elements, capacitors, etc. are not shown in the paths (wiring) where the IC 31 and each component are electrically connected in order to simplify the explanation and make the drawings easier to see. , a resistance element, a capacitor, etc. can be provided as appropriate. For example, it may be possible to suppress oscillation of the FET by providing a resistance of several tens of ohms to several kilohms in the wiring connected to the gate of the FET.

The structure, method, etc. shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the structures, methods, etc. shown in other embodiments.

(Embodiment 2)
In this embodiment, each of the elements constituting a lithium ion battery will be described as an example of a battery included in power storage device 10. Note that although not described in this embodiment, batteries other than lithium ion batteries, such as sodium ion batteries, nickel hydride batteries, lead acid batteries, etc., may be used as the power storage device 10.

A lithium ion battery has a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an electrolyte, a separator, and an exterior body.

[Negative electrode]
The negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode current collector. Further, the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, and may further include a conductive material and a binder.

For example, metal foil can be used as the current collector. The negative electrode can be formed by applying a slurry onto a metal foil and drying it. Note that pressing may be applied after drying. The negative electrode has an active material layer formed on a current collector.

The slurry is a material liquid used to form an active material layer on a current collector, and includes an active material, a binder, and a solvent, and is preferably further mixed with a conductive material. Note that the slurry is sometimes called an electrode slurry or an active material slurry, and when forming a negative electrode active material layer, it is also called a negative electrode slurry.

<Negative electrode active material>
For example, a carbon material or an alloy-based material can be used as the negative electrode active material.

As the carbon material, for example, graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite), graphitizable carbon (soft carbon), non-graphitizable carbon (hard carbon), carbon fiber (carbon nanotube), graphene, carbon black, etc. can be used. can.

Examples of graphite include artificial graphite and natural graphite. Examples of the artificial graphite include mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), coke-based artificial graphite, and pitch-based artificial graphite. Here, spherical graphite having a spherical shape can be used as the artificial graphite. For example, MCMB may have a spherical shape, which is preferred. Furthermore, it is relatively easy to reduce the surface area of MCMB, which may be preferable. Examples of natural graphite include flaky graphite and spheroidized natural graphite.

Graphite exhibits a potential as low as that of lithium metal (0.05 V or more and 0.3 V or less vs. Li/Li ⁺ ) when lithium ions are inserted into graphite (when a lithium-graphite intercalation compound is generated). This allows lithium ion batteries using graphite to exhibit high operating voltage. Furthermore, graphite is preferable because it has advantages such as a relatively high capacity per unit volume, a relatively small volumetric expansion, low cost, and higher safety than lithium metal.

Non-graphitizable carbon can be obtained, for example, by firing synthetic resins such as phenol resins or organic substances derived from plants. The non-graphitizable carbon included in the negative electrode active material of the lithium ion battery according to one embodiment of the present invention has a (002) plane spacing of 0.34 nm or more and 0.50 nm or less, as measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is preferably 0.35 nm or more and 0.42 nm or less.

Further, as the negative electrode active material, an element that can perform a charge/discharge reaction by alloying/dealloying reaction with lithium can be used. For example, a material containing at least one of silicon, tin, gallium, aluminum, germanium, lead, antimony, bismuth, silver, zinc, cadmium, indium, etc. can be used. These elements have a larger capacity than carbon, and silicon in particular has a high theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh/g. For this reason, it is preferable to use silicon as the negative electrode active material. Further, compounds having these elements may also be used. For example, SiO, _Mg2Si _, _Mg2Ge , _SnO , _SnO2 , _Mg2Sn , _SnS2 , _V2Sn3 , _FeSn2 , _CoSn2 , _Ni3Sn2 , _Cu6Sn5 _, _Ag3Sn , Ag _3Sb , _Ni2MnSb _, _CeSb3 , _LaSn3 , _La3Co2Sn7 , _CoSb3 _, InSb, SbSn, and the like. Here, an element that can perform a charging/discharging reaction by alloying/dealloying reaction with lithium, a compound having the element, etc. may be referred to as an alloy-based material.

In this specification and the like, "SiO" refers to silicon monoxide, for example. Alternatively, SiO can also be expressed as SiO _x . Here, x preferably has a value of 1 or a value close to 1. For example, x is preferably 0.2 or more and 1.5 or less, and preferably 0.3 or more and 1.2 or less.

In addition, as negative electrode active materials, titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ), lithium titanium oxide (Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ ), lithium-graphite intercalation compound (Li _x C ₆ ), niobium pentoxide (Nb ₂ O ₅ ), oxidized Oxides such as tungsten (WO ₂ ) and molybdenum oxide (MoO ₂ ) can be used.

Further, as the negative electrode active material, Li _3-x M _x N (M=Co, Ni, Cu) having a Li ₃ N type structure, which is a double nitride of lithium and a transition metal, can be used. For example, Li _2.6 Co _0.4 N ₃ is preferable because it exhibits a large discharge capacity (900 mAh/g, 1890 mAh/cm ³ ).

When a double nitride of lithium and a transition metal is used, since the negative electrode active material contains lithium ions, it can be combined with materials such as V ₂ O ₅ and Cr ₃ O ₈ that do not contain lithium ions as the positive electrode active material, which is preferable. . Note that even when a material containing lithium ions is used as the positive electrode active material, a double nitride of lithium and a transition metal can be used as the negative electrode active material by removing lithium ions contained in the positive electrode active material in advance.

Furthermore, a material that causes a conversion reaction can also be used as the negative electrode active material. For example, transition metal oxides that do not form an alloy with lithium, such as cobalt oxide (CoO), nickel oxide (NiO), and iron oxide (FeO), may be used as the negative electrode active material. Materials that cause conversion reactions include oxides such as Fe ₂ O ₃ , CuO, Cu ₂ O, RuO ₂ , and Cr ₂ O ₃ , sulfides such as CoS _0.89 , NiS, and CuS, and Zn ₃ N ₂ , nitrides such as Cu ₃ N and Ge ₃ N ₄ , phosphides such as NiP ₂ , FeP ₂ and CoP ₃ , and fluorides such as FeF ₃ and BiF ₃ .

In addition, although one type of negative electrode active material can be used from among the negative electrode active materials shown above, it is also possible to use a combination of multiple types. For example, it can be a combination of a carbon material and silicon, or a combination of a carbon material and silicon monoxide.

Further, as another form of the negative electrode, it may be a negative electrode that does not have a negative electrode active material at the time of completion of battery production. An example of a negative electrode that does not have a negative electrode active material is a negative electrode that has only a negative electrode current collector at the end of battery production, and the lithium ions that are released from the positive electrode active material when the battery is charged are deposited on the negative electrode current collector. It can be a negative electrode that is precipitated as lithium metal to form a negative electrode active material layer. A battery using such a negative electrode is sometimes called a negative electrode-free (anode-free) battery, a negative electrode-less (anode-less) battery, or the like.

When using a negative electrode that does not have a negative electrode active material, a film may be provided on the negative electrode current collector to uniformly deposit lithium. For example, a solid electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity can be used as a membrane for uniformly depositing lithium. As the solid electrolyte, sulfide-based solid electrolytes, oxide-based solid electrolytes, polymer-based solid electrolytes, and the like can be used. Among these, a polymer solid electrolyte is suitable as a film for uniformly depositing lithium because it is relatively easy to form a uniform film on the negative electrode current collector. Further, as a film for uniformizing lithium precipitation, for example, a metal film that forms an alloy with lithium can be used. For example, a magnesium metal film can be used as the metal film that forms an alloy with lithium. Since lithium and magnesium form a solid solution over a wide composition range, it is suitable as a film for uniformizing the precipitation of lithium.

Moreover, when using a negative electrode that does not have a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode current collector having unevenness can be used. When using a negative electrode current collector with unevenness, the concave portions of the negative electrode current collector become cavities in which the lithium contained in the negative electrode current collector is likely to precipitate, so when lithium is precipitated, it is suppressed from forming a dendrite-like shape. can do.

<Binder>
As the binder, it is preferable to use rubber materials such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene-isoprene-styrene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, and ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer. Furthermore, fluororubber can be used as the binder.

Further, as the binder, it is preferable to use, for example, a water-soluble polymer. As the water-soluble polymer, for example, polysaccharides can be used. As the polysaccharide, cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, or starch can be used. Further, it is more preferable to use these water-soluble polymers in combination with the above-mentioned rubber material.

Or, as a binder, polystyrene, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA), sodium polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride It is preferable to use materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), ethylene propylene diene polymer, polyvinyl acetate, nitrocellulose, etc. .

The binder may be used in combination of two or more of the above binders.

For example, a material with particularly excellent viscosity adjusting effect may be used in combination with other materials. For example, although rubber materials have excellent adhesive strength and elasticity, it may be difficult to adjust the viscosity when mixed with a solvent. In such cases, for example, it is preferable to mix with a material that is particularly effective in controlling viscosity. As a material having a particularly excellent viscosity adjusting effect, for example, a water-soluble polymer may be used. In addition, as water-soluble polymers having particularly excellent viscosity adjusting effects, the above-mentioned polysaccharides, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, cellulose derivatives such as regenerated cellulose, or starch are used. be able to.

In addition, the solubility of cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose is increased by converting them into salts such as sodium salts or ammonium salts of carboxymethylcellulose, making it easier to exhibit the effect as a viscosity modifier. The increased solubility can also improve the dispersibility with the active material or other components when preparing an electrode slurry. In this specification and the like, cellulose and cellulose derivatives used as binders for electrodes include salts thereof.

The water-soluble polymer stabilizes the viscosity by dissolving in water, and other materials combined as the active material and binder, such as styrene-butadiene rubber, can be stably dispersed in the aqueous solution. Furthermore, since it has a functional group, it is expected that it will be easily adsorbed stably on the surface of the active material. In addition, many cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose have functional groups such as hydroxyl or carboxyl groups, and because of these functional groups, polymers interact with each other and may exist widely covering the surface of the active material. Be expected.

When the binder forms a film that covers or is in contact with the surface of the active material, it is expected to serve as a passive film and suppress decomposition of the electrolyte. Here, the "passive film" is a film with no electrical conductivity or a film with extremely low electrical conductivity. For example, when a passive film is formed on the surface of an active material, the battery reaction potential In this case, decomposition of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed. Further, it is more desirable that the passive film suppresses electrical conductivity and can conduct lithium ions.

<Conductive material>
The conductive material is also called a conductivity imparting agent or a conductivity aid, and a carbon material is used. By attaching a conductive material between the plurality of active materials, the plurality of active materials are electrically connected to each other, thereby increasing conductivity. Note that "adhesion" does not only mean that the active material and the conductive material are in close physical contact with each other, but also when a covalent bond occurs or when they bond due to van der Waals forces, the surface of the active material The concept includes cases where a conductive material covers a part of the active material, cases where the conductive material fits into the unevenness of the surface of the active material, cases where the active material is electrically connected even if they are not in contact with each other.

It is preferable that active material layers such as a positive electrode active material layer and a negative electrode active material layer include a conductive material.

Examples of the conductive material include carbon black such as acetylene black and furnace black, graphite such as artificial graphite and natural graphite, carbon fibers such as carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes, and graphene compounds. More than one species can be used.

As the carbon fiber, carbon fibers such as mesophase pitch carbon fiber and isotropic pitch carbon fiber can be used. Furthermore, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, or the like can be used as the carbon fibers. Carbon nanotubes can be produced, for example, by a vapor phase growth method.

In this specification, graphene compounds refer to graphene, multilayer graphene, multigraphene, graphene oxide, multilayer graphene oxide, multilayer graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, reduced multilayer graphene oxide, reduced multilayer graphene oxide, graphene Including quantum dots, etc. A graphene compound refers to a compound that contains carbon, has a shape such as a flat plate or a sheet, and has a two-dimensional structure formed of a six-membered carbon ring. The two-dimensional structure formed by the six-membered carbon ring may be called a carbon sheet. The graphene compound may have a functional group. Further, it is preferable that the graphene compound has a bent shape. Further, the graphene compound may be curled into a shape similar to carbon nanofibers.

Further, the active material layer may have a metal powder or metal fiber such as copper, nickel, aluminum, silver, or gold, a conductive ceramic material, or the like as a conductive material.

The content of the conductive material relative to the total amount of the active material layer is preferably 1 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less, and more preferably 1 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less.

Unlike granular conductive materials such as carbon black, which make point contact with the active material, graphene compounds enable surface contact with low contact resistance. It is possible to improve electrical conductivity with Therefore, the ratio of active material in the active material layer can be increased. Thereby, the discharge capacity of the battery can be increased.

Particulate carbon-containing compounds such as carbon black and graphite, or fibrous carbon-containing compounds such as carbon nanotubes, easily enter minute spaces. The minute space refers to, for example, a region between a plurality of active materials. By using a combination of carbon-containing compounds that can easily enter tiny spaces and sheet-like carbon-containing compounds such as graphene that can impart conductivity across multiple particles, we can increase electrode density and create excellent conductive paths. can be formed. A battery obtained by the manufacturing method of one embodiment of the present invention has a high capacity density per volume, can be stable, and is effective as a vehicle-mounted battery.

<Current collector>
As the current collector, materials that have high conductivity and do not alloy with carrier ions such as lithium, such as metals such as stainless steel, gold, platinum, zinc, iron, copper, aluminum, and titanium, and alloys thereof, can be used. . The current collector may have a sheet-like shape, a net-like shape, a punched metal shape, an expanded metal shape, or the like as appropriate.

Furthermore, a resin current collector can be used as the current collector. As a resin current collector, for example, a resin such as polyolefin (polypropylene, polyethylene, etc.), nylon (polyamide), polyimide, vinylon, polyester, acrylic, polyurethane, and a particulate or fibrous conductive material (also called a conductive filler) are used. A resin current collector having the following can be used.

As the conductive material of the resin current collector, one or more of a conductive carbon material and a metal material such as aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, gold, platinum, zinc, iron, copper, etc. can be used. Examples of the conductive carbon material include carbon black such as acetylene black and furnace black, graphite such as artificial graphite and natural graphite, carbon fibers such as carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene compounds. Two or more types can be used. In addition, when using a resin current collector as a positive electrode current collector, it is preferable to further contain an antioxidant such as a hindered phenol-based material.

Note that the average particle size of the conductive material included in the resin current collector can be 10 nm or more and 10 μm or less, and preferably 30 nm or more and 5 μm or less.

The current collector preferably has a thickness of 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less.

Note that it is preferable to use a material that does not form an alloy with carrier ions such as lithium for the negative electrode current collector.

[Positive electrode]
The positive electrode has a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material and may further include at least one of a conductive material and a binder. Note that as the positive electrode current collector, conductive material, and binder, those explained in [Negative electrode] can be used.

For example, metal foil can be used as the current collector. The positive electrode can be formed by applying a slurry onto a metal foil and drying it. Note that pressing may be applied after drying. The positive electrode has an active material layer formed on a current collector.

The slurry is a material liquid used to form an active material layer on a current collector, and includes an active material, a binder, and a solvent, and is preferably further mixed with a conductive material. Note that the slurry is sometimes called an electrode slurry or an active material slurry, and when forming a positive electrode active material layer, it is also called a positive electrode slurry.

<Cathode active material>
As the positive electrode active material, any one or more of a composite oxide with a layered rock salt type structure, a composite oxide with an olivine type structure, and a composite oxide with a spinel type structure can be used.

As the composite oxide with a layered rock salt type structure, one or more of lithium cobalt oxide, nickel-cobalt-lithium manganate, nickel-cobalt-lithium aluminate, and nickel-manganese-lithium aluminate can be used. can. Although the compositional formula can be expressed as LiM1O ₂ (M1 is one or more selected from nickel, cobalt, manganese, and aluminum), the coefficients of the compositional formula are not limited to integers.

As the lithium cobalt oxide, for example, lithium cobalt oxide to which magnesium and fluorine are added can be used. Moreover, it is preferable to use lithium cobalt oxide to which magnesium, fluorine, aluminum, and nickel are added.

Examples of nickel-cobalt-lithium manganate include nickel:cobalt:manganese=1:1:1, nickel:cobalt:manganese=6:2:2, nickel:cobalt:manganese=8:1:1, and nickel:cobalt. Nickel-cobalt-lithium manganate having a ratio such as :manganese=9:0.5:0.5 can be used. Further, as the above-mentioned nickel-cobalt-lithium manganate, it is preferable to use, for example, nickel-cobalt-lithium manganate to which one or more of aluminum, calcium, barium, strontium, and gallium is added.

As the composite oxide having an olivine structure, one or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, lithium cobalt phosphate, and lithium iron manganese phosphate can be used. Although the compositional formula can be expressed as _LiM2PO4 (M2 is one or more selected from iron, manganese, and cobalt), the coefficients of the compositional formula are not limited to integers.

Further, a composite oxide having a spinel structure such as LiMn ₂ O ₄ can be used.

[Electrolytes]
Examples of electrolytes are explained below. As one form of the electrolyte, a liquid electrolyte (also referred to as an electrolytic solution) that includes a solvent and an electrolyte dissolved in the solvent can be used. The electrolyte is not limited to a liquid electrolyte (electrolyte solution) that is liquid at room temperature, and a solid electrolyte may also be used. Alternatively, it is also possible to use an electrolyte (semi-solid electrolyte) containing both a liquid electrolyte that is liquid at room temperature and a solid electrolyte that is solid at room temperature. Note that when a solid electrolyte or a semi-solid electrolyte is used in a bendable battery, the flexibility of the battery can be maintained by having a structure in which a part of the stack inside the battery includes the electrolyte.

When using a liquid electrolyte in a secondary battery, for example, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), Diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, dimethoxy One or more of ethane (DME), dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl ether, methyl diglyme, acetonitrile, benzonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, sulfolane, sultone, etc., or two or more of these may be used in any combination and ratio. can.

In addition, by using one or more flame-retardant and non-volatile ionic liquids (room-temperature molten salts) as the electrolyte solvent, the internal temperature of the secondary battery may increase due to short circuits or overcharging. This can prevent the secondary battery from exploding or catching fire. Ionic liquids are composed of cations and anions, and include organic cations and anions. Examples of organic cations include aliphatic onium cations such as quaternary ammonium cations, tertiary sulfonium cations, and quaternary phosphonium cations, and aromatic cations such as imidazolium cations and pyridinium cations. In addition, as the anion, monovalent amide anion, monovalent methide anion, fluorosulfonic acid anion, perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid anion, tetrafluoroborate anion, perfluoroalkylborate anion, hexafluorophosphate anion, or perfluorophosphate anion, Examples include alkyl phosphate anions.

For example, the secondary battery of one embodiment of the present invention uses alkali metal ions such as lithium ions, sodium ions, and potassium ions, and alkaline earth metal ions such as calcium ions, strontium ions, barium ions, beryllium ions, and magnesium ions as carrier ions. have as.

For example, when using lithium ions as carrier ions, the electrolyte contains a lithium salt. Examples of lithium salts include LiPF ₆ , LiClO ₄ , LiAsF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiAlCl ₄ , LiSCN, LiBr, LiI, Li ₂ SO ₄ , Li ₂ B ₁₀ Cl ₁₀ , Li ₂ B ₁₂ Cl ₁₂ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , _LiC4F9SO3 , LiC ₍ _CF3SO2 ₎ ₃ , _LiC ( _C2F5SO2 ₎ ₃ _, LiN( _CF3SO2 ₎ ₂ _, LiN( _C4F9SO2 ₎ ( _CF3SO2 ₎ ), LiN(C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ , etc. can be used.

As an example, the organic solvent described in this embodiment includes ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). When the total amount is 100 vol%, the volume ratio of the ethylene carbonate, the ethyl methyl carbonate, and the dimethyl carbonate is x:y:100-x-y (5≦x≦35, 0<y< 65) can be used. More specifically, an organic solvent containing EC, EMC, and DMC in a ratio of EC:EMC:DMC=30:35:35 (volume ratio) can be used.

Further, it is preferable that the electrolytic solution has a low content of particulate dust or elements other than the constituent elements of the electrolytic solution (hereinafter also simply referred to as "impurities") and is highly purified. Specifically, it is preferable that the weight ratio of impurities to the electrolytic solution is 1% or less, preferably 0.1% or less, and more preferably 0.01% or less.

In addition, in order to form a film (Solid Electrolyte Interface) at the interface between the electrode (active material layer) and the electrolyte solution for the purpose of improving safety, vinylene carbonate (VC), propane sultone (PS) is added to the electrolyte solution. , tert-butylbenzene (TBB), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB), or dinitrile compounds of succinonitrile or adiponitrile may be added. The concentration of the additive may be, for example, 0.1 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less based on the solvent.

Further, since the electrolyte includes a polymeric material that can be gelled, safety against leakage and the like is increased. Typical examples of polymeric materials to be gelled include silicone gel, acrylic gel, acrylonitrile gel, polyethylene oxide gel, polypropylene oxide gel, and fluoropolymer gel.

As the polymer material, for example, polymers having a polyalkylene oxide structure such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), PVDF, polyacrylonitrile, and copolymers containing them can be used. For example, PVDF-HFP, which is a copolymer of PVDF and hexafluoropropylene (HFP), can be used. Moreover, the polymer formed may have a porous shape.

[Separator]
When the electrolyte contains an electrolytic solution, a separator is placed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. As a separator, for example, fibers containing cellulose such as paper, nonwoven fabrics, glass fibers, ceramics, synthetic fibers using nylon (polyamide), vinylon (polyvinyl alcohol fiber), polyester, acrylic, polyolefin, polyurethane, etc. It is possible to use one formed of . It is preferable that the separator is processed into a bag shape and arranged so as to surround either the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

The separator may have a multilayer structure. For example, a film of an organic material such as polypropylene or polyethylene can be coated with a ceramic material, a fluorine material, a polyamide material, or a mixture thereof. As the ceramic material, for example, aluminum oxide particles, silicon oxide particles, etc. can be used. As the fluorine-based material, for example, PVDF, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc. can be used. As the polyamide material, for example, nylon, aramid (meta-aramid, para-aramid), etc. can be used.

Coating with a ceramic material improves oxidation resistance, so it is possible to suppress deterioration of the separator during high voltage charging and discharging and improve the reliability of the secondary battery. Furthermore, coating with a fluorine-based material makes it easier for the separator and electrode to come into close contact with each other, thereby improving output characteristics. Coating with a polyamide-based material, especially aramid, improves heat resistance, thereby improving the safety of the secondary battery.

For example, a polypropylene film may be coated on both sides with a mixed material of aluminum oxide and aramid. Alternatively, the surface of the polypropylene film in contact with the positive electrode may be coated with a mixed material of aluminum oxide and aramid, and the surface in contact with the negative electrode may be coated with a fluorine-based material.

When a separator with a multilayer structure is used, the safety of the secondary battery can be maintained even if the overall thickness of the separator is thin, so that the capacity per volume of the secondary battery can be increased.

[Exterior body]
As the exterior body of the secondary battery, a metal material such as aluminum or a resin material can be used, for example. Moreover, a film-like exterior body can also be used. As a film, for example, a highly flexible metal thin film such as aluminum, stainless steel, copper, or nickel is provided on a film made of a material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, ionomer, or polyamide, and an exterior coating is further applied on the metal thin film. A three-layered film having an insulating synthetic resin film such as polyamide resin or polyester resin can be used as the outer surface of the body.

(Embodiment 3)
In this embodiment, an example of the shape of a battery included in power storage device 10 will be described.

[Coin type secondary battery]
An example of a coin-shaped secondary battery will be described. FIG. 16A is an exploded perspective view of a coin-shaped (single-layer flat type) secondary battery, FIG. 16B is an external view, and FIG. 16C is a cross-sectional view thereof. Coin-shaped secondary batteries are mainly used in small electronic devices.

Note that, in order to make it easier to understand, FIG. 16A is a schematic diagram so that the overlapping (vertical relationship and positional relationship) of members can be seen. Therefore, FIGS. 16A and 16B are not completely corresponding diagrams.

In FIG. 16A, a positive electrode 304, a separator 310, a negative electrode 307, a spacer 322, and a washer 312 are stacked. These are sealed with a negative electrode can 302 and a positive electrode can 301 with a gasket. Note that a gasket for sealing is not shown in FIG. 16A. The spacer 322 and the washer 312 are used to protect the inside or fix the position inside the can when the positive electrode can 301 and the negative electrode can 302 are crimped together. The spacer 322 and washer 312 are made of stainless steel or an insulating material.

A positive electrode 304 has a laminated structure in which a positive electrode active material layer 306 is formed on a positive electrode current collector 305 .

FIG. 16B is a perspective view of the completed coin-shaped secondary battery.

In the coin-shaped secondary battery 300, a positive electrode can 301 that also serves as a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode can 302 that also serves as a negative electrode terminal are insulated and sealed with a gasket 303 made of polypropylene or the like. The positive electrode 304 is formed by a positive electrode current collector 305 and a positive electrode active material layer 306 provided in contact with the positive electrode current collector 305 . Further, the negative electrode 307 is formed of a negative electrode current collector 308 and a negative electrode active material layer 309 provided in contact with the negative electrode current collector 308. Further, the negative electrode 307 is not limited to a laminated structure, and lithium metal foil or lithium-aluminum alloy foil may be used.

Note that the positive electrode 304 and the negative electrode 307 used in the coin-shaped secondary battery 300 may each have an active material layer formed only on one side.

For the positive electrode can 301 and the negative electrode can 302, metals such as nickel, aluminum, titanium, etc., which are corrosion resistant to electrolyte, or alloys thereof, or alloys of these and other metals (for example, stainless steel, etc.) can be used. can. Further, in order to prevent corrosion caused by electrolyte, etc., it is preferable to coat with nickel, aluminum, or the like. The positive electrode can 301 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 304, and the negative electrode can 302 is electrically connected to the negative electrode 307.

These negative electrode 307, positive electrode 304, and separator 310 are immersed in an electrolytic solution, and as shown in FIG. 16C, the positive electrode 304, separator 310, negative electrode 307, and negative electrode can 302 are stacked in this order with the positive electrode can 301 facing down. 301 and a negative electrode can 302 are crimped together via a gasket 303 to produce a coin-shaped secondary battery 300. In the coin-shaped secondary battery 300, the positive electrode can 301 can be called a positive electrode terminal, and the negative electrode can 302 can be called a negative electrode terminal.

By having the above configuration, it is possible to obtain a coin-shaped secondary battery 300 that has a high discharge capacity and excellent cycle characteristics.

[Cylindrical secondary battery]
An example of a cylindrical secondary battery will be described with reference to FIG. 17A. As shown in FIG. 17A, the cylindrical secondary battery 616 has a positive electrode cap (battery lid) 601 on the top surface and a battery can (exterior can) 602 on the side and bottom surfaces. These positive electrode cap 601 and battery can (exterior can) 602 are insulated by a gasket (insulating packing) 610. In the cylindrical secondary battery 616, the positive electrode cap 601 can be called a positive electrode terminal, and the battery can 602 can be called a negative electrode terminal.

FIG. 17B is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of a cylindrical secondary battery. The cylindrical secondary battery shown in FIG. 17B has a positive electrode cap (battery lid) 601 on the top surface and a battery can (exterior can) 602 on the side and bottom surfaces. These positive electrode caps and the battery can (exterior can) 602 are insulated by a gasket (insulating packing) 610.

A battery element is provided inside the hollow cylindrical battery can 602, in which a band-shaped positive electrode 604 and a negative electrode 606 are wound with a separator 605 in between. Although not shown, the battery element is wound around a central axis. The battery can 602 has one end closed and the other end open. For the battery can 602, metals such as nickel, aluminum, titanium, etc., which are corrosion resistant to electrolyte, or alloys thereof, or alloys of these and other metals (for example, stainless steel, etc.) can be used. . Further, in order to prevent corrosion caused by the electrolyte, it is preferable to coat the battery can 602 with nickel, aluminum, or the like. Inside the battery can 602, a battery element in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator are wound is sandwiched between a pair of opposing insulating

plates

608 and 609. Furthermore, a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown) is injected into the inside of the battery can 602 in which the battery element is provided. As the non-aqueous electrolyte, the same one as a coin-type secondary battery can be used.

Since the positive electrode and negative electrode used in a cylindrical storage battery are wound, it is preferable to form an active material on both sides of the current collector.

A positive electrode terminal (positive electrode current collector lead) 603 is connected to the positive electrode 604, and a negative electrode terminal (negative electrode current collector lead) 607 is connected to the negative electrode 606. Both the positive electrode terminal 603 and the negative electrode terminal 607 can be made of a metal material such as aluminum. The positive terminal 603 and the negative terminal 607 are resistance welded to the safety valve mechanism 613 and the bottom of the battery can 602, respectively. The safety valve mechanism 613 is electrically connected to the positive electrode cap 601 via a PTC element (Positive Temperature Coefficient) 611. The safety valve mechanism 613 disconnects the electrical connection between the positive electrode cap 601 and the positive electrode 604 when the increase in the internal pressure of the battery exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Further, the PTC element 611 is a heat-sensitive resistance element whose resistance increases when the temperature rises, and the increase in resistance limits the amount of current to prevent abnormal heat generation. Barium titanate (BaTiO ₃ )-based semiconductor ceramics or the like can be used for the PTC element.

FIG. 17C shows an example of the power storage module 615. Power storage module 615 has a plurality of secondary batteries 616. The positive electrode of each secondary battery contacts the conductor 624 and is electrically connected. Further, the negative electrode of each secondary battery is in contact with the conductor 625 and is electrically connected. Therefore, the conductor 624 can be called the positive terminal of the power storage device (battery assembly), and the conductor 625 can be called the negative terminal of the power storage device (battery pack). The conductor 624 is electrically connected to the control circuit 620 via the wiring 623. Furthermore, the conductor 625 is electrically connected to the control circuit 620 via wiring 626. As the control circuit 620, a charging/discharging control circuit that performs charging and discharging, or a protection circuit that prevents overcharging and/or overdischarging can be applied. Further, the control circuit 620 has an external terminal 629 and an external terminal 630.

FIG. 17D shows an example of the power storage module 615. The power storage module 615 has a plurality of secondary batteries 616, and the plurality of secondary batteries 616 are arranged between a conductive plate 628 (conductive plate 628A, conductive plate 628B) and a conductive plate 614 (conductive plate 614A, conductive plate 614B). It's caught in between. The plurality of secondary batteries 616 are electrically connected to a conductive plate 628 and a conductive plate 614 by wiring 627. The plurality of secondary batteries 616 may be connected in parallel, connected in series, or connected in parallel and then further connected in series. By configuring a power storage module 615 having a plurality of secondary batteries 616, a large amount of electric power can be extracted. Note that the plurality of secondary batteries 616 can be called a power storage device or an assembled battery. At this time, the conductive plate with the highest potential among the conductive plates 628 and 614 can be called the positive terminal of the power storage device or the positive terminal of the assembled battery. Further, among the conductive plates 628 and 614, the conductive plate with the lowest potential can be called the negative terminal of the power storage device or the negative terminal of the assembled battery.

Further, a temperature control device may be provided between the plurality of secondary batteries 616. When the secondary battery 616 is overheated, it can be cooled by the temperature control device, and when the secondary battery 616 is too cold, it can be heated by the temperature control device. Therefore, the performance of power storage module 615 is less affected by the outside temperature.

Further, in FIG. 17D, the power storage module 615 is electrically connected to the control circuit 620 via wiring 621 and wiring 622. The wiring 621 is electrically connected to the positive electrodes of the plurality of secondary batteries 616 via the conductive plate 628, and the wiring 622 is electrically connected to the negative electrodes of the plurality of secondary batteries 616 via the conductive plate 614. Further, the control circuit 620 has an external terminal 629 and an external terminal 630.

[Other structural examples of secondary batteries]
A structural example of a secondary battery will be described using FIGS. 18 and 19.

A secondary battery 913 shown in FIG. 18A includes a wound body 950 in which a terminal 951 and a terminal 952 are provided inside a housing 930. The wound body 950 is immersed in the electrolyte inside the housing 930. The terminal 952 is in contact with the housing 930, and the terminal 951 is not in contact with the housing 930 by using an insulating material or the like. Note that in FIG. 18A, the housing 930 is shown separated for convenience, but in reality, the wound body 950 is covered by the housing 930, and the

terminals

951 and 952 extend outside the housing 930. There is. As the housing 930, a metal material (for example, aluminum) or a resin material can be used.

Note that, as shown in FIG. 18B, the housing 930 shown in FIG. 18A may be formed of a plurality of materials. For example, in the secondary battery 913 shown in FIG. 18B, a housing 930a and a housing 930b are bonded together, and a wound body 950 is provided in an area surrounded by the housing 930a and the housing 930b.

As the housing 930a, an insulating material such as organic resin can be used. In particular, by using a material such as an organic resin on the surface where the antenna is formed, shielding of the electric field by the secondary battery 913 can be suppressed. Note that if the shielding of the electric field by the housing 930a is small, an antenna may be provided inside the housing 930a. For example, a metal material can be used as the housing 930b.

Furthermore, the structure of the wound body 950 is shown in FIG. 18C. The wound body 950 includes a negative electrode 931, a positive electrode 932, and a separator 933. The wound body 950 is a wound body in which a negative electrode 931 and a positive electrode 932 are stacked on top of each other with a separator 933 in between, and the laminated sheet is wound. Note that a plurality of layers of the negative electrode 931, the positive electrode 932, and the separator 933 may be stacked.

Further, a secondary battery 913 having a wound body 950a as shown in FIG. 19 may be used. A wound body 950a shown in FIG. 19A includes a negative electrode 931, a positive electrode 932, and a separator 933. The negative electrode 931 has a negative electrode active material layer 931a. The positive electrode 932 has a positive electrode active material layer 932a.

The separator 933 has a width wider than the negative electrode active material layer 931a and the positive electrode active material layer 932a, and is wound so as to overlap with the negative electrode active material layer 931a and the positive electrode active material layer 932a. Further, from the viewpoint of safety, it is preferable that the width of the negative electrode active material layer 931a is wider than that of the positive electrode active material layer 932a. Further, the wound body 950a having such a shape is preferable because it has good safety and productivity.

As shown in FIG. 19B, the negative electrode 931 is electrically connected to the terminal 951 by ultrasonic bonding, welding, or crimping. Terminal 951 is electrically connected to terminal 911a. Further, the positive electrode 932 is electrically connected to the terminal 952 by ultrasonic bonding, welding, or crimping. Terminal 952 is electrically connected to terminal 911b.

As shown in FIG. 19C, the wound body 950a and the electrolyte are covered by the casing 930, forming a secondary battery 913. It is preferable that the housing 930 is provided with a safety valve, an overcurrent protection element, and the like. The safety valve is a valve that opens the inside of the casing 930 at a predetermined internal pressure in order to prevent the battery from exploding.

As shown in FIG. 19B, the secondary battery 913 may have a plurality of wound bodies 950a. By using a plurality of wound bodies 950a, the secondary battery 913 can have a larger discharge capacity. For other elements of the secondary battery 913 shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B, the description of the secondary battery 913 shown in FIGS. 18A to 18C can be referred to.

<Laminated secondary battery>
Next, an example of an external view of an example of a laminate type secondary battery is shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B. 20A and 20B have a positive electrode 503, a negative electrode 506, a separator 507, an exterior body 509, a positive lead electrode 510, and a negative lead electrode 511. The part of the positive lead electrode 510 that is exposed to the outside of the secondary battery can be called a positive terminal, and the part of the negative lead electrode 511 that is exposed to the outside of the secondary battery can be called a negative terminal. You can call.

FIG. 21A shows an external view of the positive electrode 503 and the negative electrode 506. The positive electrode 503 has a positive electrode current collector 501 , and the positive electrode active material layer 502 is formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector 501 . Further, the positive electrode 503 has a region (hereinafter referred to as a tab region) where the positive electrode current collector 501 is partially exposed. The negative electrode 506 has a negative electrode current collector 504 , and the negative electrode active material layer 505 is formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 504 . Further, the negative electrode 506 has a region where the negative electrode current collector 504 is partially exposed, that is, a tab region. Note that the area or shape of the tab regions of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are not limited to the example shown in FIG. 21A.

<Method for manufacturing a laminated secondary battery>
An example of a method for manufacturing a laminated secondary battery whose appearance is shown in FIG. 20A will be described with reference to FIGS. 21B and 21C.

First, a negative electrode 506, a separator 507, and a positive electrode 503 are stacked. FIG. 21B shows the stacked negative electrode 506, separator 507, and positive electrode 503. Here, an example is shown in which five sets of negative electrodes and four sets of positive electrodes are used. It can also be called a laminate consisting of a negative electrode, a separator, and a positive electrode. Next, the tab regions of the positive electrodes 503 are joined together, and the positive lead electrode 510 is joined to the tab region of the outermost positive electrode. For example, ultrasonic welding or the like may be used for joining. Similarly, the tab regions of the negative electrodes 506 are bonded to each other, and the negative lead electrode 511 is bonded to the tab region of the outermost negative electrode.

Next, a negative electrode 506, a separator 507, and a positive electrode 503 are placed on the exterior body 509.

Next, as shown in FIG. 21C, the exterior body 509 is bent at the portion indicated by the broken line. After that, the outer peripheral portion of the exterior body 509 is joined. For example, thermocompression bonding or the like may be used for joining. At this time, a region (hereinafter referred to as an inlet) that is not joined is provided in a part (or one side) of the exterior body 509 so that the electrolyte can be introduced later.

Next, the electrolytic solution is introduced into the interior of the exterior body 509 through an inlet provided in the exterior body 509 . The electrolytic solution is preferably introduced under a reduced pressure atmosphere or an inert atmosphere. Finally, connect the inlet. In this way, a laminate type secondary battery 500 can be manufactured.

[Example of battery pack]
An example of a secondary battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention that can be wirelessly charged using an antenna will be described with reference to FIG. 22.

FIG. 22A is a diagram showing the appearance of the secondary battery pack 531, which has a thin rectangular parallelepiped shape (also called a thick flat plate shape). FIG. 22B is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the secondary battery pack 531. The secondary battery pack 531 includes a circuit board 540 and a secondary battery 513. A label 529 is attached to the secondary battery 513. Circuit board 540 is fixed by seal 515. Further, the secondary battery pack 531 has an antenna 517.

The inside of the secondary battery 513 may have a structure having a wound body or a structure having a laminated body.

The secondary battery pack 531 includes a control circuit 590 on a circuit board 540, for example, as shown in FIG. 22B. Further, the circuit board 540 is electrically connected to the terminal 514. Further, the circuit board 540 is electrically connected to the antenna 517, one of the positive and negative leads 551, and the other 552 of the positive and negative leads of the secondary battery 513. Note that the positive electrode lead is sometimes called a positive electrode terminal, and the negative electrode lead is sometimes called a negative electrode terminal.

In secondary battery pack 531, as the configuration of secondary battery 513 and control circuit 590, the configuration of power storage module 100 and the like described in Embodiment 1 can be used.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 22C, it may include a circuit system 590a provided on the circuit board 540 and a circuit system 590b electrically connected to the circuit board 540 via the terminal 514. Note that the terminal 514 has a plurality of terminals, and includes at least a high potential terminal (external terminal 51 in FIG. 1B) and a low potential terminal (external terminal 52 in FIG. 1B).

Note that the antenna 517 is not limited to a coil shape, and may be, for example, a wire shape or a plate shape. Further, antennas such as a planar antenna, an aperture antenna, a traveling wave antenna, an EH antenna, a magnetic field antenna, and a dielectric antenna may be used. Alternatively, the antenna 517 may be a flat conductor. This flat conductor can function as one of the conductors for electric field coupling. In other words, the antenna 517 may function as one of the two conductors of the capacitor. This allows power to be exchanged not only by electromagnetic and magnetic fields but also by electric fields.

Secondary battery pack 531 has a layer 519 between antenna 517 and secondary battery 513. The layer 519 has a function of shielding an electromagnetic field from the secondary battery 513, for example. As the layer 519, for example, a magnetic material can be used.

(Embodiment 4)
In this embodiment, an example of a vehicle including a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the secondary battery and control circuit described in this embodiment, the configuration of power storage module 100 and the like described in Embodiment 1 can be used.

As a vehicle, a secondary battery can typically be applied to an automobile. Examples of automobiles include next-generation clean energy vehicles such as hybrid vehicles (HV), electric vehicles (EV), and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV or PHV). A secondary battery can be applied. Vehicles are not limited to automobiles. For example, vehicles include trains, monorails, ships, submersibles (deep sea exploration vehicles, unmanned submarines), flying vehicles (helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites), electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, etc. The secondary battery of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to these vehicles.

The electric vehicle is installed with first

power storage devices

1301a and 1301b as main drive secondary batteries, and a second power storage device 1311 that supplies power to an inverter 1312 that starts a motor 1304. The second power storage device 1311 is also called a cranking battery (also called a starter battery). The second power storage device 1311 only needs to have a high output, and a large capacity is not required, and the capacity of the second power storage device 1311 is smaller than that of the first

power storage devices

1301a and 1301b.

The internal structure of the first power storage device 1301a may be a wound type shown in FIG. 18C or FIG. 19A, or a stacked type shown in FIG. 20A or 20B. Further, an all-solid-state battery may be used for the first power storage device 1301a. By using an all-solid-state battery for the first power storage device 1301a, it is possible to increase the capacity, improve safety, and reduce the size and weight of the first power storage device 1301a.

In this embodiment, an example is shown in which two first

power storage devices

1301a and 1301b are connected in parallel, but three or more may be connected in parallel. Furthermore, if the first power storage device 1301a can store sufficient power, the first power storage device 1301b may not be necessary. A power storage device can extract a large amount of electric power by configuring a battery pack having a plurality of secondary batteries. A plurality of secondary batteries may be connected in parallel, may be connected in series, or may be connected in parallel and then further connected in series. A plurality of secondary batteries is also called an assembled battery.

In addition, in order to cut off power from multiple secondary batteries in a vehicle-mounted secondary battery, the first power storage device 1301a has a service plug or a circuit breaker that can cut off high voltage without using tools. established in

In addition, the electric power of the first

power storage devices

1301a and 1301b is mainly used to rotate the motor 1304, but it is also used for 42V-based in-vehicle components (electric power steering 1307, heater 1308, defogger 1309, etc.) via a DCDC circuit 1306. ). Even when the rear wheel has a rear motor 1317, the first power storage device 1301a is used to rotate the rear motor 1317.

Further, the second power storage device 1311 supplies power to 14V vehicle components (audio 1313, power window 1314, lamps 1315, etc.) via the DCDC circuit 1310.

Next, the first power storage device 1301a will be described using FIG. 23A.

FIG. 23A shows an example in which nine square secondary batteries 1300 are used as one power storage module 1415. Further, nine prismatic secondary batteries 1300 are connected in series, one electrode is fixed by a fixing part 1413 made of an insulator, and the other electrode is fixed by a fixing part 1414 made of an insulator. Although this embodiment shows an example in which the battery is fixed using the fixing

parts

1413 and 1414, it may also be configured to be housed in a battery housing box (also referred to as a housing). Since it is assumed that a vehicle is subjected to vibrations or shaking from the outside (road surface, etc.), it is preferable to fix the plurality of secondary batteries using fixing

parts

1413, 1414, a battery housing box, or the like. Further, one electrode is electrically connected to the control circuit section 1320 by a wiring 1421. The other electrode is electrically connected to the control circuit section 1320 by a wiring 1422. In the first power storage device 1301a, of the electrodes connected to the wiring 1421 or the wiring 1422, the one with a higher potential can be called the positive terminal of the first power storage device 1301a, and the one with a lower potential can be called the positive terminal of the first power storage device 1301a. It can be called the negative terminal of device 1301a. The control circuit section 1320 has an external connection terminal 1325 and an external connection terminal 1326.

Further, the control circuit section 1320 may use a memory circuit including a transistor using an oxide semiconductor. A charging control circuit or a battery control system having a memory circuit including a transistor using an oxide semiconductor may be referred to as a BTOS (Battery operating system or Battery oxide semiconductor).

It is preferable to use a metal oxide that functions as an oxide semiconductor. For example, as a metal oxide, In-M-Zn oxide (element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium) , hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or one or more selected from magnesium, etc.) may be used. In particular, In-M-Zn oxides that can be applied as metal oxides are CAAC-OS (C-Axis Aligned Crystal Oxide Semiconductor), CAC-OS (Cloud-Aligned Composite Oxide) Semiconductor) is preferable. Further, as the metal oxide, an In-Ga oxide or an In-Zn oxide may be used. CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor that has a plurality of crystal regions, and the c-axes of the plurality of crystal regions are oriented in a specific direction. Note that the specific direction is the thickness direction of the CAAC-OS film, the normal direction to the surface on which the CAAC-OS film is formed, or the normal direction to the surface of the CAAC-OS film. Further, a crystal region is a region having periodicity in atomic arrangement. Note that if the atomic arrangement is regarded as a lattice arrangement, a crystal region is also a region with a uniform lattice arrangement.

Note that "CAC-OS" has a mosaic-like structure in which the material is separated into a first region and a second region, and the first region is distributed in the film (hereinafter referred to as a cloud-like structure). ). That is, CAC-OS is a composite metal oxide having a configuration in which the first region and the second region are mixed. However, it may be difficult to observe a clear boundary between the first region and the second region.

For example, in CAC-OS in In-Ga-Zn oxide, EDX mapping obtained using energy dispersive It can be confirmed that the first region) and the second region containing Ga as a main component are unevenly distributed and have a mixed structure.

When CAC-OS is used in a transistor, the conductivity caused by the first region and the insulation caused by the second region act complementary to each other, resulting in a switching function (on/off function). can be provided to the CAC-OS. In other words, in CAC-OS, a part of the material has a conductive function, a part of the material has an insulating function, and the entire material has a semiconductor function. By separating the conductive function and the insulating function, both functions can be maximized. Therefore, by using CAC-OS in a transistor, high on-current (I _on ), high field-effect mobility (μ), and good switching operation can be achieved.

Oxide semiconductors have a variety of structures, each with different properties. The oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention includes two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, a CAC-OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS. It's okay.

Further, since the control circuit portion 1320 can be used in a high-temperature environment, it is preferable to use a transistor using an oxide semiconductor. In order to simplify the process, the control circuit section 1320 may be formed using unipolar transistors. Transistors that use oxide semiconductors in their semiconductor layers have a wider operating ambient temperature than single-crystal Si transistors, ranging from -40°C to 150°C, and their characteristics change even when the secondary battery overheats compared to single-crystal Si transistors. small. Although the off-state current of a transistor using an oxide semiconductor is below the measurement lower limit regardless of the temperature even at 150° C., the off-state current characteristics of a single-crystal Si transistor are highly temperature dependent. For example, at 150° C., the off-state current of a single-crystal Si transistor increases, and the current on/off ratio does not become sufficiently large. The control circuit section 1320 can improve safety.

The control circuit unit 1320 using a memory circuit including a transistor using an oxide semiconductor can also function as an automatic control device for a secondary battery to prevent instability such as a micro short circuit. Functions that eliminate the causes of instability in secondary batteries include overcharging prevention, overcurrent prevention, overheat control during charging, cell balance in assembled batteries, overdischarge prevention, fuel gauge, and Examples include automatic control of charging voltage and current amount, control of charging current amount according to the degree of deterioration, micro short abnormal behavior detection, abnormal prediction regarding micro short, etc., and the control circuit unit 1320 has at least one of these functions. Further, it is possible to miniaturize the automatic control device for the secondary battery.

In addition, "micro short" refers to a minute short circuit inside the secondary battery, and it is not so much that the positive and negative electrodes of the secondary battery are short-circuited, making it impossible to charge or discharge, but rather a minute short circuit inside the secondary battery. This refers to the phenomenon in which a small amount of short-circuit current flows in a short-circuited part. Since a large voltage change occurs even in a relatively short period of time and at a small location, the abnormal voltage value may affect subsequent estimation.

One of the causes of micro shorts is that multiple charging and discharging cycles cause local current concentration in part of the positive electrode and part of the negative electrode due to uneven distribution of the positive electrode active material, which causes the separator to become concentrated. It is said that micro short circuits occur due to the occurrence of parts where some parts no longer function or the generation of side reactants due to side reactions.

In addition to detecting micro-shorts, the control circuit unit 1320 can also be said to detect the terminal voltage of the secondary battery and manage the charging/discharging state of the secondary battery. For example, to prevent overcharging, both the output transistor and the cutoff switch of the charging circuit can be turned off almost simultaneously.

Next, FIG. 23B shows an example of a block diagram of power storage module 1415 shown in FIG. 23A.

The control circuit unit 1320 includes a switch unit 1324 that includes at least a switch that prevents overcharging and a switch that prevents overdischarge, a control circuit 1322 that controls the switch unit 1324, and a voltage measurement unit of the first power storage device 1301a. , and a PTC element 1332. The control circuit section 1320 has an upper limit voltage and a lower limit voltage set for the secondary battery to be used, and limits the upper limit of the current from the outside or the upper limit of the output current to the outside. The range of the secondary battery's lower limit voltage to upper limit voltage is within the recommended voltage range, and when the voltage is outside of that range, the switch section 1324 is activated and functions as a protection circuit. Furthermore, the control circuit section 1320 can also be called a protection circuit because it controls the switch section 1324 to prevent over-discharging and/or over-charging. For example, when the control circuit 1322 detects a voltage that is likely to cause overcharging, the switch section 1324 is turned off to cut off the current. Furthermore, a PTC element may be provided in the charging/discharging path to provide a function of cutting off the current in response to a rise in temperature. Further, the control circuit section 1320 has an external terminal 1325 (+IN) and an external terminal 1326 (-IN).

The switch portion 1324 can be configured by combining n-channel transistors or p-channel transistors. The switch section 1324 is not limited to a switch having an Si transistor using single crystal silicon, but includes, for example, Ge (germanium), SiGe (silicon germanium), GaAs (gallium arsenide), GaAlAs (gallium aluminum arsenide), InP (phosphide). The switch portion 1324 may be formed using a power transistor including indium (indium), SiC (silicon carbide), ZnSe (zinc selenide), GaN (gallium nitride), GaOx (gallium oxide; x is a real number greater than 0), or the like. Further, since a memory element using an OS transistor can be freely arranged by stacking it on a circuit using a Si transistor, it can be easily integrated. Furthermore, since an OS transistor can be manufactured using the same manufacturing equipment as a Si transistor, it can be manufactured at low cost. That is, the control circuit section 1320 using an OS transistor can be stacked on the switch section 1324 and integrated into one chip. Since the volume occupied by the control circuit section 1320 can be reduced, miniaturization is possible.

The first

power storage devices

1301a and 1301b mainly supply power to 42V system (high voltage system) in-vehicle devices, and the second power storage device 1311 supplies power to 14V system (low voltage system) in-vehicle devices. . A lead storage battery is often used as the second power storage device 1311 because it is advantageous in terms of cost. Lead-acid batteries have the disadvantage that they have greater self-discharge than lithium-ion batteries and are more susceptible to deterioration due to a phenomenon called sulfation. Using a lithium ion battery as the second power storage device 1311 has the advantage of being maintenance-free, but if it is used for a long period of time, for example three years or more, there is a risk that an abnormality that is difficult to identify at the time of manufacture may occur. In particular, when the second power storage device 1311 that starts the inverter becomes inoperable, the second power storage device When 1311 is a lead-acid battery, power is supplied from the first battery to the second battery, and the battery is charged so as to always maintain a fully charged state.

In this embodiment, an example is shown in which lithium ion batteries are used for both the first power storage device 1301a and the second power storage device 1311 (FIG. 23C). The second power storage device 1311 may use a lead-acid battery, an all-solid-state battery, or an electric double layer capacitor. For example, an all-solid-state battery may be used. By using an all-solid-state battery for the second power storage device 1311, it can have a high capacity and can be made smaller and lighter.

Furthermore, regenerated energy due to the rotation of the tires 1316 is sent to the motor 1304 via the gear 1305 and charged to the second power storage device 1311 from the motor controller 1303 or the battery controller 1302 via the control circuit section 1321. Alternatively, the first power storage device 1301a is charged from the battery controller 1302 via the control circuit unit 1320. Alternatively, the first power storage device 1301b is charged from the battery controller 1302 via the control circuit unit 1320. In order to efficiently charge regenerated energy, it is desirable that the first

power storage devices

1301a and 1301b be capable of rapid charging.

The battery controller 1302 can set the charging voltage, charging current, etc. of the first

power storage devices

1301a and 1301b. The battery controller 1302 can set charging conditions according to the charging characteristics of the secondary battery to be used and perform rapid charging.

Although not shown, when connecting to an external charger, the outlet of the charger or the connection cable of the charger is electrically connected to the battery controller 1302. Power supplied from an external charger charges the first

power storage devices

1301a and 1301b via the battery controller 1302. Also, depending on the charger, a control circuit is provided and the function of the battery controller 1302 is not used in some cases, but the first

power storage devices

1301a and 1301b are charged via the control circuit section 1320 to prevent overcharging. It is preferable to do so. In some cases, the connecting cable or the connecting cable of the charger is provided with a control circuit. The control circuit section 1320 is sometimes called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The ECU is connected to a CAN (Controller Area Network) provided in the electric vehicle. CAN is one of the serial communication standards used as an in-vehicle LAN. Further, the ECU includes a microcomputer. Further, the ECU uses a CPU or a GPU.

External chargers installed at charging stations and the like include 100V outlet-200V outlet, or 3-phase 200V and 50kW. It is also possible to charge the battery by receiving power from an external charging facility using a non-contact power supply method or the like.

When performing rapid charging, a secondary battery that can withstand charging at a high voltage is desired in order to perform charging in a short time.

In addition, by using graphene as a conductive material, the capacity decrease is suppressed even when the electrode layer is made thicker and the loading amount is increased, and the synergistic effect of maintaining high capacity has resulted in a secondary battery with significantly improved electrical characteristics. can. It is particularly effective for secondary batteries used in vehicles, and provides a vehicle with a long cruising range, specifically a cruising range of 500 km or more on one charge, without increasing the weight ratio of the secondary battery to the total vehicle weight. be able to.

Next, an example in which a secondary battery, which is one embodiment of the present invention, is mounted in a vehicle, typically a transportation vehicle, will be described.

When the secondary battery shown in any one of FIG. 17D, FIG. 19C, and FIG. 23A is installed in a vehicle, next-generation clean energy such as a hybrid vehicle (HV), electric vehicle (EV), or plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHV) can be realized. A car can be realized. We also install secondary batteries in agricultural machinery, motorized bicycles including electric assist bicycles, motorcycles, electric wheelchairs, electric carts, ships, submarines, aircraft, rockets, artificial satellites, space probes, planetary probes, or spacecraft. It can also be installed. The secondary battery of one embodiment of the present invention can be a high capacity secondary battery. Therefore, the secondary battery of one embodiment of the present invention is suitable for reduction in size and weight, and can be suitably used for transportation vehicles.

24A-24D illustrate a transportation vehicle using one aspect of the present invention. A car 2001 shown in FIG. 24A is an electric car that uses an electric motor as a power source for driving. Alternatively, it is a hybrid vehicle that can appropriately select and use an electric motor and an engine as a power source for driving. When a secondary battery is mounted on a vehicle, the example of the secondary battery shown in Embodiment 3 is installed at one location or multiple locations. An automobile 2001 shown in FIG. 24A includes a battery pack 2200, and the battery pack includes a secondary battery module to which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected. Furthermore, it is preferable to include a charging control device electrically connected to the secondary battery module.

Further, the automobile 2001 can be charged by receiving power from an external charging facility using a plug-in method, a non-contact power supply method, or the like to a secondary battery of the automobile 2001. When charging, a predetermined charging method or connector standard such as CHAdeMO (registered trademark) or combo may be used as appropriate. The charging device may be a charging station provided at a commercial facility or may be a home power source. For example, using plug-in technology, it is possible to charge the power storage device mounted on the vehicle 2001 by supplying power from the outside. Charging can be performed by converting AC power into DC power via a conversion device such as an ACDC converter.

Although not shown, a power receiving device can be mounted on a vehicle and electrical power can be supplied from a ground power transmitting device in a non-contact manner for charging. In the case of this non-contact power supply method, by incorporating a power transmission device into the road or outside wall, charging can be performed not only while the vehicle is stopped but also while the vehicle is running. Further, electric power may be transmitted and received between two vehicles using this contactless power supply method. Furthermore, a solar cell may be provided on the exterior of the vehicle, and the secondary battery may be charged when the vehicle is stopped or traveling. For such non-contact power supply, an electromagnetic induction method or a magnetic resonance method can be used.

FIG. 24B shows a large transport vehicle 2002 having an electrically controlled motor as an example of a transport vehicle. The secondary battery module of the transport vehicle 2002 has a maximum voltage of 170V, for example, in which four secondary batteries with a nominal voltage of 3.0 V or more and 5.0 V or less are connected in series, and 48 cells are connected in series. Except for the difference in the number of secondary batteries constituting the secondary battery module of the battery pack 2201, it has the same functions as those in FIG. 24A, so a description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 24C shows, by way of example, a large transport vehicle 2003 with an electrically controlled motor. The secondary battery module of the transportation vehicle 2003 has a maximum voltage of 600V, for example, by connecting one hundred or more battery packs 2202 in series with a nominal voltage of 3.0V or more and 5.0V or less. Therefore, a secondary battery with small variations in characteristics is required.

FIG. 24D shows an example aircraft 2004 with an engine that burns fuel. Since the aircraft 2004 shown in FIG. 24D has wheels for takeoff and landing, it can be said to be a type of transportation vehicle, and a plurality of secondary batteries are connected to form a secondary battery module, and the secondary battery module and charging control are performed. It has a battery pack 2203 that includes a device.

The secondary battery module of the aircraft 2004 has a maximum voltage of 32V, for example, by connecting eight 4V secondary batteries in series. 24A, except for the number of secondary batteries constituting the secondary battery module of the battery pack 2203, etc., are provided, so description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 24E shows an artificial satellite 2005 equipped with a secondary battery 2204 as an example. Since the artificial satellite 2005 is used in outer space at extremely low temperatures, it is preferable to include a secondary battery 2204, which is an embodiment of the present invention and has excellent low-temperature resistance. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the secondary battery 2204 is mounted inside the artificial satellite 2005 while being covered with a heat insulating member.

(Embodiment 5)
In this embodiment, an example in which a secondary battery, which is one embodiment of the present invention, is mounted in a building will be described with reference to FIGS. 25A and 25B. In the secondary battery and control circuit described in this embodiment, the configuration of power storage module 100 and the like described in Embodiment 1 can be used.

The house shown in FIG. 25A includes a power storage device 2612 including a secondary battery, which is one embodiment of the present invention, and a solar panel 2610. Power storage device 2612 is electrically connected to solar panel 2610 via wiring 2611 and the like. Further, the power storage device 2612 and the ground-mounted charging device 2604 may be electrically connected. Electric power obtained by the solar panel 2610 can charge the power storage device 2612. Further, the power stored in the power storage device 2612 can be charged to a secondary battery included in the vehicle 2603 via the charging device 2604. The power storage device 2612 is preferably installed in the underfloor space. By installing it in the underfloor space, the space above the floor can be used effectively. Alternatively, power storage device 2612 may be installed on the floor.

The power stored in the power storage device 2612 can also be supplied to other electronic devices in the house. Therefore, even when power cannot be supplied from a commercial power source due to a power outage or the like, electronic devices can be used by using the power storage device 2612 according to one embodiment of the present invention as an uninterruptible power source.

FIG. 25B shows an example of a power storage device according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 25B, a power storage device 791 according to one embodiment of the present invention is installed in an underfloor space 796 of a building 799.

A control device 790 is installed in the power storage device 791, and the control device 790 is connected to a distribution board 703, a power storage controller 705 (also referred to as a control device), a display 706, and a router 709 through wiring. electrically connected.

Electric power is sent from a commercial power source 701 to a distribution board 703 via a drop-in line attachment section 710. Further, power is sent to the power distribution board 703 from the power storage device 791 and the commercial power source 701, and the power distribution board 703 sends the sent power to the general load through an outlet (not shown). 707 and a power storage system load 708.

The general load 707 is, for example, an electrical device such as a television or a personal computer, and the power storage system load 708 is, for example, an electrical device such as a microwave oven, a refrigerator, or an air conditioner.

The power storage controller 705 includes a measurement section 711, a prediction section 712, and a planning section 713. The measurement unit 711 has a function of measuring the amount of power consumed by the general load 707 and the power storage system load 708 during one day (for example, from 0:00 to 24:00). Further, the measurement unit 711 may have a function of measuring the amount of power of the power storage device 791 and the amount of power supplied from the commercial power source 701. In addition, the prediction unit 712 calculates the demand for consumption by the general load 707 and the power storage system load 708 during the next day based on the amount of power consumed by the general load 707 and the power storage system load 708 during one day. It has a function to predict the amount of electricity. Furthermore, the planning unit 713 has a function of making a plan for charging and discharging the power storage device 791 based on the amount of power demand predicted by the prediction unit 712.

The amount of power consumed by the general load 707 and the power storage system load 708 measured by the measurement unit 711 can be confirmed on the display 706. Further, the information can also be confirmed in an electrical device such as a television or a personal computer via the router 709. Furthermore, the information can also be confirmed using a portable electronic terminal such as a smartphone or a tablet via the router 709. Furthermore, the amount of power required for each time period (or each hour) predicted by the prediction unit 712 can be confirmed using the display 706, electrical equipment, and portable electronic terminal.

(Embodiment 6)
In this embodiment, as an example of mounting a secondary battery on a vehicle, an example will be shown in which a lithium ion battery, which is an embodiment of the present invention, is mounted on a two-wheeled vehicle or a bicycle. In the secondary battery and control circuit described in this embodiment, the configuration of power storage module 100 and the like described in Embodiment 1 can be used.

FIG. 26A is an example of an electric bicycle using the power storage device of one embodiment of the present invention. The power storage device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to an electric bicycle 8700 illustrated in FIG. 26A. A power storage device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes, for example, a plurality of storage batteries and a protection circuit.

Electric bicycle 8700 includes a power storage device 8702. The power storage device 8702 can supply electricity to a motor that assists the driver. Further, the power storage device 8702 is portable, and FIG. 26B shows a state in which it is removed from the bicycle. Further, the power storage device 8702 has a plurality of built-in storage batteries 8701 included in the power storage device of one embodiment of the present invention, and can display the remaining battery level and the like on a display portion 8703. Power storage device 8702 also includes a control circuit 8704 that can control charging or detect abnormality of a secondary battery, an example of which is shown in Embodiment 6. The control circuit 8704 is electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the storage battery 8701.

FIG. 26C is an example of a two-wheeled vehicle using the power storage device of one embodiment of the present invention. A scooter 8600 shown in FIG. 26C includes a power storage device 8602, a side mirror 8601, and a direction indicator light 8603. The power storage device 8602 can supply electricity to the direction indicator light 8603.

Further, in the scooter 8600 shown in FIG. 26C, a power storage device 8602 can be stored in an under-seat storage 8604. The power storage device 8602 can be stored in the under-seat storage 8604 even if the under-seat storage 8604 is small.

(Embodiment 7)
In this embodiment, an example in which a secondary battery, which is one embodiment of the present invention, is mounted in an electronic device will be described. Examples of electronic devices incorporating secondary batteries include television devices (also called televisions or television receivers), computer monitors, digital cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones (mobile phones, Examples include mobile phone devices (also referred to as mobile phone devices), portable game machines, personal digital assistants, audio playback devices, and large game machines such as pachinko machines. Examples of portable information terminals include notebook personal computers, tablet terminals, electronic book terminals, and mobile phones. In the secondary battery and control circuit described in this embodiment, the configuration of power storage module 100 and the like described in Embodiment 1 can be used.

FIG. 27A shows an example of a mobile phone. The mobile phone 2100 includes a display section 2102 built into a housing 2101, as well as operation buttons 2103, an external connection port 2104, a speaker 2105, a microphone 2106, and the like. Note that the mobile phone 2100 includes a secondary battery 2107.

The mobile phone 2100 can run various applications such as mobile telephony, e-mail, text viewing and creation, music playback, Internet communication, computer games, and so on.

In addition to setting the time, the operation button 2103 can have various functions such as turning on and off the power, turning on and off wireless communication, executing and canceling silent mode, and executing and canceling power saving mode. . For example, the functions of the operation buttons 2103 can be freely set using the operating system built into the mobile phone 2100.

Furthermore, the mobile phone 2100 is capable of performing short-range wireless communication according to communication standards. For example, by communicating with a headset capable of wireless communication, it is also possible to make hands-free calls.

Furthermore, the mobile phone 2100 is equipped with an external connection port 2104, and can directly exchange data with other information terminals via a connector. Charging can also be performed via the external connection port 2104. Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply without using the external connection port 2104.

Further, it is preferable that the mobile phone 2100 has a sensor. As the sensor, it is preferable to include, for example, a human body sensor such as a fingerprint sensor, a pulse sensor, a body temperature sensor, a touch sensor, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, or the like.

FIG. 27B is an unmanned aircraft 2300 with multiple rotors 2302. Unmanned aerial vehicle 2300 is sometimes called a drone. Unmanned aircraft 2300 includes a secondary battery 2301, which is one embodiment of the present invention, a camera 2303, and an antenna (not shown). Unmanned aerial vehicle 2300 can be remotely controlled via an antenna.

FIG. 27C shows an example of a robot. The robot 6400 shown in FIG. 27C includes a secondary battery 6409, an illuminance sensor 6401, a microphone 6402, an upper camera 6403, a speaker 6404, a display portion 6405, a lower camera 6406, an obstacle sensor 6407, a movement mechanism 6408, a calculation device, and the like.

The microphone 6402 has a function of detecting the user's speaking voice, environmental sounds, and the like. Furthermore, the speaker 6404 has a function of emitting sound. The robot 6400 can communicate with a user using a microphone 6402 and a speaker 6404.

The display unit 6405 has a function of displaying various information. The robot 6400 can display information desired by the user on the display section 6405. The display unit 6405 may include a touch panel. Further, the display unit 6405 may be a removable information terminal, and by installing it at a fixed position on the robot 6400, charging and data exchange are possible.

The upper camera 6403 and the lower camera 6406 have a function of capturing images around the robot 6400. Further, the obstacle sensor 6407 can detect the presence or absence of an obstacle in the direction of movement of the robot 6400 when the robot 6400 moves forward using the moving mechanism 6408. The robot 6400 uses an upper camera 6403, a lower camera 6406, and an obstacle sensor 6407 to recognize the surrounding environment and can move safely.

The robot 6400 includes a secondary battery 6409 according to one embodiment of the present invention and a semiconductor device or an electronic component in its internal area.

FIG. 27D shows an example of a cleaning robot. The cleaning robot 6300 includes a display portion 6302 placed on the top surface of a housing 6301, a plurality of cameras 6303 placed on the side, a brush 6304, an operation button 6305, a secondary battery 6306, various sensors, and the like. Although not shown, the cleaning robot 6300 is equipped with tires, a suction port, and the like. The cleaning robot 6300 is self-propelled, detects dirt 6310, and can suck the dirt from a suction port provided on the bottom surface.

The cleaning robot 6300 can analyze the image taken by the camera 6303 and determine the presence or absence of obstacles such as walls, furniture, or steps. Furthermore, if an object such as wiring that is likely to become entangled with the brush 6304 is detected through image analysis, the rotation of the brush 6304 can be stopped. The cleaning robot 6300 includes a secondary battery 6306 according to one embodiment of the present invention and a semiconductor device or an electronic component in its internal area.

FIG. 28A shows an example of a wearable device. Wearable devices use secondary batteries as a power source. In addition, wearable devices that can be charged wirelessly in addition to wired charging with exposed connectors are being developed to improve splash-proof, water-resistant, and dust-proof performance when used in daily life or outdoors. desired.

For example, a secondary battery, which is one embodiment of the present invention, can be mounted in a glasses-type device 4000 as shown in FIG. 28A. Glasses-type device 4000 includes a frame 4000a and a display portion 4000b. By mounting a secondary battery on the temple portion of the curved frame 4000a, the eyeglass-type device 4000 is lightweight, has good weight balance, and can be used for a long time.

Further, a secondary battery, which is one embodiment of the present invention, can be mounted in the headset type device 4001. The headset type device 4001 includes at least a microphone section 4001a, a flexible pipe 4001b, and an earphone section 4001c. A secondary battery can be provided within the flexible pipe 4001b or within the earphone portion 4001c.

Further, a secondary battery, which is one embodiment of the present invention, can be mounted in the device 4002 that can be directly attached to the body. A secondary battery 4002b can be provided in a thin housing 4002a of the device 4002.

Further, a secondary battery, which is one embodiment of the present invention, can be mounted on the device 4003 that can be attached to clothing. A secondary battery 4003b can be provided in a thin housing 4003a of the device 4003.

Further, a secondary battery, which is one embodiment of the present invention, can be mounted on the belt-type device 4006. The belt-type device 4006 includes a belt portion 4006a and a wireless power receiving portion 4006b, and a secondary battery can be mounted in an internal area of the belt portion 4006a.

Further, the wristwatch-type device 4005 can be equipped with a secondary battery, which is one embodiment of the present invention. The wristwatch type device 4005 has a display portion 4005a and a belt portion 4005b, and a secondary battery can be provided in the display portion 4005a or the belt portion 4005b.

The display section 4005a can display not only the time but also various information such as incoming mail or telephone calls.

Furthermore, since the wristwatch-type device 4005 is a wearable device that is worn directly around the arm, it may be equipped with a sensor that measures the user's pulse, blood pressure, and the like. It is possible to accumulate data on the amount of exercise and health of the user and manage his/her health.

FIG. 28B shows a perspective view of wristwatch type device 4005 removed from the wrist.

Further, a side view is shown in FIG. 28C. FIG. 28C shows a state in which a secondary battery 913 is built in the internal area. Secondary battery 913 is the secondary battery shown in Embodiment 3. The secondary battery 913 is provided at a position overlapping the display portion 4005a, and can have high density and high capacity, and is small and lightweight.

10A: Power storage device, 10B: Power storage device, 10: Power storage device, 11A: Positive terminal, 11B: Positive terminal, 11: Positive terminal, 12A: Negative terminal, 12B: Negative terminal, 12: Negative terminal, 21: Heater, 22 : temperature sensor, 30: circuit board, 32: PTC element, 33: FET, 34: resistance element, 35A: TCO element, 35: TCO element, 36: FET, 37: FET, 39: PTC element, 40: FET, 51: External terminal, 52: External terminal, 53: Communication terminal, 54: Communication terminal, 61: Terminal, 62: Terminal, 63: Bimetal, 64: Exterior body, 65: PTC section, 100A: Energy storage module, 100B: Energy storage Module, 100C: Energy storage module, 100D: Energy storage module, 100E: Energy storage module, 100F: Energy storage module, 100G: Energy storage module, 100H: Energy storage module, 100J: Energy storage module, 100K: Energy storage module, 100L: Energy storage module, 100M: Energy storage Module, 100N: Energy storage module, 100P: Energy storage module, 100: Energy storage module, 202A: Transistor, 202B: Transistor, 203A: Diode, 203B: Diode, 204A: Terminal, 204B: Terminal, 205A: Terminal, 205B: Terminal, 206A : terminal, 206B: terminal, 211: electrode plate, 212: electrode plate, 213: variable resistance layer, 214: terminal, 215: terminal, 300: secondary battery, 301: positive electrode can, 302: negative electrode can, 303: gasket , 304: positive electrode, 305: positive electrode current collector, 306: positive electrode active material layer, 307: negative electrode, 308: negative electrode current collector, 309: negative electrode active material layer, 310: separator, 312: washer, 322: spacer, 500 : Secondary battery, 501: Positive electrode current collector, 502: Positive electrode active material layer, 503: Positive electrode, 504: Negative electrode current collector, 505: Negative electrode active material layer, 506: Negative electrode, 507: Separator, 509: Exterior body, 510: positive lead electrode, 511: negative lead electrode, 513: secondary battery, 514: terminal, 515: seal, 517: antenna, 519: layer, 529: label, 531: secondary battery pack, 540: circuit board, 551: Lead, 552: Lead, 590a: Circuit system, 590b: Circuit system, 590: Control circuit, 601: Positive electrode cap, 602: Battery can, 603: Positive terminal, 604: Positive electrode, 605: Separator, 606: Negative electrode, 607: negative electrode terminal, 608: insulating plate, 609: insulating plate, 611: PTC element, 613: safety valve mechanism, 614: conductive plate, 615: power storage module, 616: secondary battery, 620: control circuit, 621: wiring, 622: Wiring, 623: Wiring, 624: Electric conductor, 625: Electric conductor, 626: Wiring, 627: Wiring, 628: Conductive plate, 701: Commercial power supply, 703: Distribution board, 705: Power storage controller, 706: Display device, 707: General load, 708: Power storage system load, 709: Router, 710: Lead line attachment section, 711: Measurement section, 712: Prediction section, 713: Planning section, 790: Control device, 791: Power storage device, 796 : Underfloor space, 799: Building, 911a: Terminal, 911b: Terminal, 913: Secondary battery, 930a: Housing, 930b: Housing, 930: Housing, 931a: Negative electrode active material layer, 931: Negative electrode, 932a : positive electrode active material layer, 932: positive electrode, 933: separator, 950a: wound body, 950: wound body, 951: terminal, 952: terminal, 1300: square secondary battery, 1301a: first power storage device, 1301b: first power storage device, 1302: battery controller, 1303: motor controller, 1304: motor, 1305: gear, 1306: DCDC circuit, 1307: electric power steering, 1308: heater, 1309: defogger, 1310: DCDC circuit, 1311 : second power storage device, 1312: inverter, 1313: audio, 1314: power window, 1315: lamps, 1316: tire, 1317: rear motor, 1320: control circuit section, 1321: control circuit section, 1322: control circuit, 1324: Switch section, 1332: PTC element, 1413: Fixed section, 1414: Fixed section, 1415: Energy storage module, 1421: Wiring, 1422: Wiring, 2001: Automobile, 2002: Transport vehicle, 2003: Transport vehicle, 2004: Aircraft , 2005: Artificial satellite, 2100: Mobile phone, 2101: Housing, 2102: Display section, 2103: Operation buttons, 2104: External connection port, 2105: Speaker, 2106: Microphone, 2107: Secondary battery, 2200: Battery pack , 2201: battery pack, 2202: battery pack, 2203: battery pack, 2204: secondary battery, 2300: unmanned aircraft, 2301: secondary battery, 2302: rotor, 2303: camera, 2603: vehicle, 2604: charging device, 2610: Solar panel, 2611: Wiring, 2612: Power storage device, 4000a: Frame, 4000b: Display section, 4000: Glasses type device, 4001a: Microphone section, 4001b: Flexible pipe, 4001c: Earphone section, 4001: Headset type device , 4002a: housing, 4002b: secondary battery, 4002: device, 4003a: housing, 4003b: secondary battery, 4003: device, 4005a: display section, 4005b: belt section, 4005: wristwatch type device, 4006a: belt part, 4006b: wireless power supply/reception unit, 4006: belt type device, 6300: cleaning robot, 6301: housing, 6302: display unit, 6303: camera, 6304: brush, 6305: operation button, 6306: secondary battery, 6310 : Garbage, 6400: Robot, 6401: Illuminance sensor, 6402: Microphone, 6403: Upper camera, 6404: Speaker, 6405: Display section, 6406: Lower camera, 6407: Obstacle sensor, 6408: Movement mechanism, 6409: Secondary Battery, 8600: Scooter, 8601: Side mirror, 8602: Power storage device, 8603: Turn signal light, 8604: Under seat storage, 8700: Electric bicycle, 8701: Storage battery, 8702: Power storage device, 8703: Display unit, 8704: Control circuit

Claims

It has a power storage device, a PTC element, an IC, a first external terminal, and a second external terminal,
The power storage device has a positive terminal and a negative terminal; the PTC element has a first terminal and a second terminal;
The IC has a third terminal and a fourth terminal,
the first terminal is electrically connected to the positive terminal and the first external terminal,
the second terminal is electrically connected to the third terminal,
the fourth terminal is electrically connected to the negative terminal and the second external terminal;
Energy storage module.
In claim 1,
The PTC element is an overcurrent protection element in a power storage module.
It has a power storage device, a PTC element, an IC, an NTC element, a first external terminal, and a second external terminal,
The power storage device has a positive terminal and a negative terminal; the PTC element has a first terminal and a second terminal;
The IC has a third terminal and a fourth terminal,
the first terminal is electrically connected to the positive terminal and the first external terminal,
the second terminal is electrically connected to the third terminal,
the fourth terminal is electrically connected to the negative terminal and the second external terminal,
The NTC element is a power storage module electrically connected to the IC.
In claim 3,
The PTC element is an overcurrent protection element,
A power storage module in which the NTC element is a temperature sensor.
It has a power storage device, a first PTC element, an IC, an NTC element, a second PTC element, a first external terminal, and a second external terminal,
The power storage device has a positive terminal and a negative terminal; the first PTC element has a first terminal and a second terminal;
The IC has a third terminal and a fourth terminal,
the first terminal is electrically connected to the positive terminal and the first external terminal,
the second terminal is electrically connected to the third terminal,
the fourth terminal is electrically connected to the negative terminal and the second external terminal,
The NTC element is electrically connected to the IC,
The second PTC element is a power storage module electrically connected to the IC.
In claim 5,
The first PTC element is an overcurrent protection element,
The NTC element is a temperature sensor,
The second PTC element is a power storage module that is a heater.
In any one of claims 1 to 6,
The IC is a power storage module that is a battery control IC.
In any one of claims 1 to 6,
The IC is a power storage module that is a battery protection IC.
In any one of claims 1 to 6,
The IC is a power storage module having a microcontroller.
In claim 9,
The microcontroller is a power storage module that includes a CPU, a memory, a clock generation circuit, an input section, and an output section.