WO2023197948A1 - 一种用于分支井的定位定向装置及定位定向方法 - Google Patents

一种用于分支井的定位定向装置及定位定向方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023197948A1
WO2023197948A1 PCT/CN2023/086863 CN2023086863W WO2023197948A1 WO 2023197948 A1 WO2023197948 A1 WO 2023197948A1 CN 2023086863 W CN2023086863 W CN 2023086863W WO 2023197948 A1 WO2023197948 A1 WO 2023197948A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
positioning
cylinder
cone
sealing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/086863
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐洪林
刘晗
张辉
吴仲华
杨春旭
陈勇
赵宗锋
赵传伟
张锐
张俊杰
Original Assignee
中国石油化工股份有限公司
中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司
中石化胜利石油工程有限公司
中石化胜利石油工程有限公司钻井工艺研究院
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Application filed by 中国石油化工股份有限公司, 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司, 中石化胜利石油工程有限公司, 中石化胜利石油工程有限公司钻井工艺研究院 filed Critical 中国石油化工股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023197948A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023197948A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/01—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells for anchoring the tools or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas production, and in particular to a positioning and orientation device for branch wells.
  • the invention also relates to a positioning and orientation method for branch wells.
  • the downhole positioning and orientation technology of branch wells is one of the important technologies for branch well completion.
  • all branch well completion technologies require a positioning and orientation device to be set up underground as a benchmark for positioning and orientation of other tools and subsequent construction.
  • the existing positioning and orienting device has the disadvantage of poor connection firmness with the well wall and prone to shifting, thereby affecting the accuracy of positioning and orientation.
  • the existing positioning and orienting devices have limited functions. They cannot integrate the functions of positioning tieback, suspension, isolation, etc., and cannot continuously realize the functions of feeding, suspension, isolation, and throwing away, resulting in low operating efficiency.
  • the present invention aims to propose a positioning and orienting device and a positioning and orienting method for branch wells.
  • the positioning and orienting device can be firmly anchored on the well wall, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of shifting, and can Effectively ensure the accuracy of its positioning and orientation.
  • This positioning and orientation method can continuously realize the functions of feeding, hanging, sealing, and throwing away, which is very conducive to improving operating efficiency.
  • a positioning and orienting device for branch wells including: a directional connecting shaft with a central flow channel for flowing drilling fluid inside; The upper end of the hydraulic cylinder at the downstream end is fixedly connected with a guide sleeve for orientation; A setting unit, which includes an anchoring mechanism and a sealing mechanism at the lower end of the anchoring mechanism; a setting start unit, which includes a sealing cylinder arranged outside the directional connection shaft and a piston set in the sealing cylinder , and a power transmission tube arranged outside the guide sleeve. The upper end of the power transmission tube extends upward to be fixedly connected to the piston. A sealing cavity connected to the central flow channel is formed in the sealing tube.
  • the piston can drive the power transmission tube to move downward when the drilling fluid pressure reaches the first pressure to drive the anchoring mechanism to be anchored on the inner wall of the wellbore, and drive the sealing mechanism to form a seal with the inner wall of the wellbore.
  • a throwing unit connected to the lower end of the directional connection shaft, which includes a pressure-bearing cylinder fixedly connected to the lower end of the directional connection shaft, an elastic claw set on the outside of the pressure-bearing cylinder, and a pressure-bearing cylinder fixedly connected to the lower end of the directional connection shaft.
  • the ball seat at the lower end of the pressure-bearing cylinder, the inner wall of the guide sleeve is provided with a slot that can engage with the elastic claw in the initial state, and the ball seat can be adapted to the ball dropped from the wellhead.
  • the elastic claw can be separated from the slot by lifting the release unit to complete the release; the first pressure is smaller than the second pressure.
  • the anchoring mechanism includes: a slip provided on the outer surface of the hydraulic cylinder; a first cone and a second cone symmetrically provided at both axial ends of the slip; wherein , the slip is adapted to the first cone and the second cone through a cone surface, the slip is retracted in the initial state, and can be between the first cone and the second cone.
  • the cone expands radially outward when subjected to axial force and is axially relatively close, so that it can be anchored on the inner wall of the wellbore.
  • an anchor claw is provided on a surface of the slip facing away from the hydraulic cylinder, and the anchor claw is configured as a quadrangular pyramidal tooth body inclined toward the center of the slip.
  • the sealing mechanism includes: a rubber cartridge provided on the hydraulic cylinder; a first rubber cartridge gasket and a second rubber cartridge gasket respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the rubber cartridge; wherein, When the first rubber cartridge gasket and the second rubber cartridge gasket are axially relatively close to each other due to axial force, they can squeeze the rubber cartridge and expand radially outward until they are in close contact with the inner wall of the wellbore. Form a seal.
  • the upper end of the first rubber cartridge gasket is formed with a force-bearing step for adapting to the lower end of the slip nest to transmit axial force.
  • the upper end of the sealing cylinder is fixedly connected to the directional connection shaft through a sealing joint, and the sealing cavity is formed between the sealing joint and the directional connection shaft, and the directional connection
  • the wall of the shaft is provided with a pressure transmission hole for communicating with the sealing cavity.
  • the outer wall of the upper end of the piston is provided with an annular protrusion extending radially outward, and a piston sleeve is provided outside the piston.
  • the lower end of the piston sleeve extends downward to the end of the piston.
  • the power transmission tube is fixedly connected, and its upper end abuts the lower end surface of the annular protrusion.
  • the piston sleeve in the initial state, is fixedly connected to the sealing cylinder through a first shearing pin, and the force transmission cylinder and the guide sleeve are fixedly connected through a second shearing pin,
  • the first shear pin and the second shear pin are sheared simultaneously, so that the piston can drive the force transmission tube downward movement.
  • the setting startup unit further includes an action sleeve provided on the hydraulic cylinder and between the force transmission cylinder and the first cone, for moving the force transmission cylinder Axial force is transmitted to the first cone.
  • the upper part of the guide sleeve is provided with a spiral guide track and a positioning groove.
  • the guide sleeve can guide the positioning key slide on the upper pipe string through the guide rail. into the positioning groove to orient the upper pipe string.
  • the positioning and orientation device for branch wells can be firmly anchored on the well wall through the setting unit. Its anchoring has high stability and reliability, can effectively avoid the phenomenon of shifting, and can achieve permanent anchoring. .
  • the guide sleeve used in the positioning and orienting device has a spiral guide structure. Its positioning and orientation accuracy is high, which can ensure the smooth progress of subsequent processes such as lowering the tilter into the window and is very conducive to ensuring the accuracy of its positioning and orientation.
  • the positioning and orientation method according to the present invention can continuously realize the procedures of feeding, hanging, sealing, and throwing away hands. The operation is simple and efficient, and is very conducive to improving operating efficiency.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows the structure of the guide sleeve in the positioning and orienting device for branch wells shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Figure 8 schematically shows the structure of the setting unit in the positioning and orienting device for branch wells shown in Figure 1 after setting.
  • Figure 9 schematically shows the starting process of the throwing unit in the positioning and orienting device for branch wells shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 10 schematically shows the structure of the part left in the downhole after the positioning and orientation device for the branch well shown in Figure 1 is lost.
  • the end close to the wellhead is defined as the upper end, upstream end or similar terms
  • the end far away from the wellhead is defined as the lower end, downstream end or similar terms.
  • the direction along the length of the positioning and orienting device for the branch well is called the longitudinal direction, the axial direction or the like
  • the direction perpendicular thereto is called the transverse direction, the radial direction or the like.
  • the directional terms or qualifiers "upper”, “lower”, etc. used in this application are only for the referenced Figure 1, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. It is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore is not to be construed as a limitation of the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows the structure of a positioning and orienting device 100 for a branch well according to the present invention.
  • the positioning and orientation device 100 includes an orientation connecting shaft 1 , a hydraulic cylinder 2 , a setting unit, a setting starting unit 6 , and a throwing unit 7 .
  • the interior of the directional connecting shaft 1 is provided with a central flow channel 11 for the flow of drilling fluid.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 is located at the downstream end of the orientation connection shaft 1, and a guide sleeve 3 for orientation is fixedly connected to the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 2.
  • the setting unit is provided on the hydraulic cylinder 2 and includes an anchoring mechanism 4 and a sealing mechanism 5 at the lower end of the anchoring mechanism 4 .
  • the throw-away unit 7 is connected to the lower end of the directional connection shaft 1, and the throw-away unit 7 is configured to form a suppressed pressure through the wellhead throw 9.
  • the setting start unit 6 is configured to drive the anchoring mechanism 4 to be anchored on the inner wall of the wellbore when the holding pressure reaches the first pressure, and to drive the sealing mechanism 5 to form a seal with the inner wall of the wellbore.
  • the release unit 7 is configured to be able to initially state, it is adapted to the guide sleeve 3 to form a fixed connection, and when the pressure reaches the second pressure, the pipe string can be lifted up to drive the hand throwing unit 7 to move upward and separate from the guide sleeve 3, and then the hand throwing unit can be 7 and the setting start unit 6 jointly raise the wellhead, thereby realizing the hand-throwing procedure.
  • the first pressure is smaller than the second pressure.
  • the outer shape of the directional connecting shaft 1 is a cylinder extending in the axial direction.
  • the upper end is provided with a female connector and the lower end is provided with a male connector, which are respectively used to connect other components.
  • the outer wall of the directional connecting shaft 1 is provided with a limiting step with an end facing downward. The function of the limiting step will be introduced below.
  • the slip nest 44 can be, for example, a cylinder with a plurality of through holes evenly distributed on the cylinder, and the shape of the through holes is configured to match the shape of the slips 41 .
  • the slip 41 has an upper receiving surface and a lower receiving surface facing the hydraulic cylinder 2, and both the upper receiving surface and the lower receiving surface are configured as tapered structures.
  • the outer wall of the first cone 42 has a first tapered driving surface that tapers downward and can be adapted to the upper receiving surface.
  • the outer wall of the second cone 43 has an upwardly tapering second conical driving surface, which can be adapted to the lower receiving surface.
  • the first cone 42 is in contact with the upper receiving surface through the first conical driving surface
  • the second cone 43 is in contact with the lower receiving surface through the second conical driving surface.
  • a first anti-retreat ring 46 is provided at the upper end of the first cone 42, and a second anti-retreat ring 47 is provided at the lower end of the second cone 43, respectively for preventing the first cone 42, The second cone 43 retreats, thereby achieving permanent anchoring of the slips 41 .
  • the first backstop ring 46 is a split ring, and the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is provided with a reduced diameter.
  • the second backstop ring 47 is arranged to form a fixed connection with the hydraulic cylinder 2 .
  • the first anti-return ring 46 can also be configured with a ratchet structure to achieve the function of preventing retraction.
  • the inner wall surface of the first backstop ring 46 is provided with a plurality of first ratchet teeth extending obliquely upward.
  • the outer wall surface of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is provided with a plurality of second ratchet teeth extending obliquely downward. It is adapted to form a snap connection with the second ratchet, so as to block the first cone 42 from retracting upward through the first anti-retreat ring 46 .
  • the upper end of the first rubber cartridge gasket 52 is formed with a force-bearing step for adapting to the lower end of the slip nest 44 to transmit axial force.
  • the setting start unit 6 can be started to generate an axial force and transmit it to the slip nest 44, so that the slip nest 44 can move axially downward until its lower end cooperates with the force-bearing step of the first rubber cylinder gasket ring 52, thereby The axial force can be transmitted to the first rubber cartridge backing ring 52 . Therefore, the first rubber cartridge gasket ring 52 and the second rubber cartridge gasket ring 53 work together to realize the axial compression of the rubber cartridge 51, thereby realizing the rubber cartridge 51 to expand in the radial direction until it is in close contact with the inner wall of the wellbore. Achieve sealing.
  • the contact end surfaces of the first rubber cartridge gasket ring 52 and the second rubber cartridge gasket ring 53 and the rubber cartridge 51 are formed into a tapered surface matching structure.
  • the lower end surface of the first rubber cylinder gasket 52 and the upper end surface of the second rubber cylinder gasket 53 are both formed as slopes toward the hydraulic cylinder 2.
  • the upper and lower ends of the rubber cylinder 51 are separated by the first rubber cylinder gasket 52 and the upper end surface of the second rubber cylinder gasket 53.
  • the inclined surface of the second rubber cartridge backing ring 53 forms an axial limit. This structure can not only protect the rubber cartridge 51, but also ensure the radial expansion effect and stability of the rubber cartridge 51 during setting, which is very conducive to ensuring the sealing effect between the rubber cartridge 51 and the inner wall of the wellbore.
  • a lower joint 8 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 2 for connecting other components.
  • the lower joint 8 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic cylinder 2 through threads.
  • a buffer member 54 is provided between the second rubber cartridge backing ring 53 and the lower joint 8 in the axial direction for buffering the extrusion force experienced by the rubber cartridge 51 .
  • the upper end surface of the buffer member 54 abuts the lower end surface of the second rubber cartridge gasket 53
  • the lower end surface of the buffer member 54 abuts the axial upper end surface of the lower joint 8 .
  • the buffer member 54 can effectively buffer the extrusion force endured by the rubber tube 51 and prevent the rubber tube 51 from being damaged due to a sudden large extrusion force.
  • the buffer member 54 may be a disc spring, for example, but is not limited thereto.
  • the setting start unit 6 includes a sealing joint 61, a sealing cylinder 62, Piston 63 and power transmission cylinder 64.
  • the sealing cylinder 62 is arranged outside the directional connection shaft 1 , and the upper end of the sealing cylinder 62 is fixedly connected to the directional connection shaft 1 through the sealing joint 61 .
  • the piston 63 is sleeved on the directional connecting shaft 1 and is located in the sealing cylinder 62 .
  • the piston 63 can slide downward along the directional connecting shaft 1 .
  • the power transmission tube 64 is arranged outside the guide sleeve 3 , and the upper end of the power transmission tube 64 extends upward to be fixedly connected with the piston 63 .
  • a sealing cavity 65 is formed between the sealing joint 61, the directional connection shaft 1 and the upper end surface of the piston 63.
  • a pressure transmission hole 12 is provided on the side wall of the directional connection shaft 1 corresponding to the sealing cavity 65.
  • the directional connection shaft The drilling fluid in the central flow channel 11 of 1 can enter the sealed cavity 65 through the pressure transmission hole 12, and the piston 63 can drive the power transmission cylinder 64 to move downward when the drilling fluid pressure in the sealed cavity 65 reaches the first pressure.
  • the sealing joint 61 is configured to include a first cylindrical section and a second cylindrical section connected to the lower end of the first cylindrical section, the diameter of the first cylindrical section being smaller than the diameter of the second cylindrical section.
  • the upper end surface of the first cylindrical section abuts on the limiting step of the directional connection shaft 1 , and the first cylindrical section and the directional connection shaft 1 form a fixed sealing connection.
  • a sealing cavity 65 is formed in the space between the second cylindrical section and the radial direction of the directional connection shaft 1 .
  • the outer surface of the second cylindrical section of the sealing joint 61 and the sealing barrel 62 are fixedly connected through threads, and an anti-rotation pin is provided to prevent rotation between the two.
  • the outer wall of the upper end of the piston 63 is provided with an annular protrusion 631 extending radially outward.
  • a piston sleeve 66 is provided outside the piston 63. The lower end of the piston sleeve 66 extends downward to connect with the transmission.
  • the force cylinder 64 is fixedly connected, and its upper end abuts the lower end surface of the annular protrusion 631 .
  • the piston sleeve 66 and the force transmission cylinder 64 are fixedly connected through threads.
  • an anti-rotation pin 101 is provided at the connection between the piston sleeve 66 and the force transmission cylinder 64 .
  • a dynamic seal is formed between the inner wall surface of the piston 63 and the directional connecting shaft 1 , and a dynamic seal is formed between the outer wall surface of the annular protrusion 631 and the sealing cylinder 62 .
  • the piston sleeve 66 is fixedly connected to the sealing cylinder 62 through the first shearing pin 67 , while the force transmission cylinder 64 and the guide sleeve 3 are fixedly connected through the second shearing pin 68 .
  • the second shear pin 68 is preferably disposed close to the lower end of the force transmission tube 64 .
  • the throwing unit 7 includes a pressure-bearing cylinder 71 , an elastic claw 72 , and a ball seat 73 .
  • the pressure-bearing cylinder 71 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the directional connection shaft 1 .
  • the pressure-bearing cylinder 71 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the directional connection shaft 1 through a nipple joint 70 .
  • the elastic claw 72 is fixedly installed on the outer side 72 of the pressure-bearing cylinder 71 .
  • the ball seat 73 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the pressure-bearing cylinder 71 and is used to adapt to the ball 9 thrown in from the wellhead to form pressure-holding.
  • a slot 31 is provided on the inner wall of the guide sleeve 3.
  • the claw portion 721 of the elastic claw 72 is adapted to engage with the slot 31 in the initial state, so that the throwing unit 7 and the guide sleeve 3 are fixedly connected and can be When the drilling fluid pressure reaches the second pressure, the hand releasing unit 7 is lifted up to disengage the elastic claw 72 from the clamping groove 31, thereby completing the hand releasing procedure.
  • the throwing unit 7 also includes a shearing ferrule 74 provided on the pressure-bearing cylinder 71.
  • a hydraulic cavity 75 is formed between the shearing ferrule 74 and the pressure-bearing cylinder 71.
  • the pressure-bearing cylinder 71 A hydraulic hole 711 connected with the hydraulic chamber 75 is provided on the wall.
  • the pressure-bearing cylinder 71 is provided with an outer step portion with the end facing downward, and the inner wall of the lower end of the shear ferrule 74 is provided with an inner step portion with the end facing upward.
  • the hydraulic chamber 75 is formed axially between the outer step portion and the inner step portion.
  • the shear ferrule 74 is fixedly connected to the pressure-bearing cylinder 71 through the third shear pin 76 , and the upper end extends to the radial inner side of the elastic claw 72 to form radial support for the elastic claw 72 .
  • the third shear pin 76 preferably penetrates the inner step portion to form a fixed connection with the pressure-bearing cylinder 71 .
  • the pressure-bearing tube 71 and the elastic claw 72 can be driven upward, so that the claw 721 of the elastic claw 72 can be disengaged from the slot 31 of the guide sleeve 3, thereby realizing the connection between the hand-throwing unit 7 and the guide sleeve. 3 separation, thus realizing the hand-throwing procedure.
  • the upper part of the guide sleeve 3 is provided with a spiral guide rail 32 and a positioning groove 33.
  • the guide sleeve 3 can be guided by the guide rail 32 when the upper pipe string (not shown) is inserted back into the loop.
  • the positioning key on the upper pipe string slides into the positioning groove 33, so that the upper pipe string obtains a specific azimuth angle, thereby realizing the orientation of the upper pipe string.
  • a rupture disk or an aluminum sealing module is connected to the lower end of the lower joint 8, In order to achieve the sealing of the main wellbore, it is convenient to continuously realize the functions of feeding, hanging, isolation and release.
  • the positioning and orientation device 100 for branch wells can be used as the basis for positioning and re-entry, ensuring that obstacles encountered when running the upper branch completion tool can be handled, and operations such as drilling, setting and setting, and throwing away can be realized in one trip. It is best used in the field of wells and sidetracking wells, and can also be used for completion operations of vertical wells, inclined wells, horizontal wells, and extended reach wells.
  • the present invention also provides a positioning and orientation method for a branch well.
  • the positioning and orientation method for a branch well uses the positioning and orientation device 100 for a branch well as described above.
  • the positioning and orientation method will be introduced in detail below with reference to the positioning and orientation device 100 .
  • the positioning and orienting device 100 is assembled, and the positioning and orienting device 100 is lowered into the wellbore to a predetermined position. As shown in Figure 1, during the well entry process, the positioning and orientation device 100 is in the initial state, and the setting unit, the setting starting unit 6, and the setting unit 7 are not started.
  • the ball 9 is thrown from the wellhead, and the ball 9 moves downward through the central flow channel 11 of the directional connecting shaft 1 until it matches the ball seat 23 in the throwing unit 7, thereby forming a pressure hold.
  • the setting start unit 6 is started to drive the anchoring mechanism 4 to be anchored on the inner wall of the wellbore, and at the same time, the sealing mechanism 5 is driven to form a seal with the inner wall of the wellbore, thereby Complete the setting process.
  • the internal channel of the positioning and orienting device 100 is divided into an upper channel and a lower channel, and a pressure is formed in the upper channel, and the drilling fluid passes through the directional connecting shaft.
  • the pressure transmission hole 12 of 1 enters the sealed cavity 65.
  • the drilling fluid pressure acts on the upper end surface of the piston 63.
  • the piston 63 pushes the piston sleeve 66 to shear the first shear pin 67, and at the same time drives the power transmission tube 64 to shear the first shear pin 67.
  • Two shear pins 68 Two shear pins 68.
  • the piston 63, piston sleeve 66, and power transmission tube 64 are axially pushed downward, and the axial force is transmitted to the action sleeve 69.
  • the action sleeve 69 pushes the first cone 42 and the second cone 42.
  • a backstop ring 46 is axially downward, thereby axially squeezing the slips 44, and under the action of the first cone 42 and the second cone 43, pushing the slips 44 to expand outward in the radial direction.
  • the anchoring between the slips 44 and the inner wall of the wellbore is realized, and the anchoring process is completed.
  • the first anti-retreat ring 46 and the second anti-retreat ring 47 can effectively prevent the first cone 42 and the second cone 43 from retracting, thereby achieving permanent anchoring.
  • the drilling fluid in the upper channel of the positioning and orientation device 100 also enters the hydraulic chamber 75 through the hydraulic hole 711 of the pressure-bearing cylinder 71 .
  • the positioning and orientation device 100 continues to pressurize, and the drilling fluid pressure in the hydraulic chamber 75 acts on the inner step portion of the shear ferrule 74 until the drilling fluid pressure reaches the second When pressure is applied, the shear ferrule 74 shears the third shear pin 76 and then moves downward, thereby removing the radial support for the elastic claw 72 .
  • FIG. 10 schematically shows the structure of the part left downhole after the positioning and orientation device 100 is lost.
  • the positioning and orientation device 100 for branch wells can be firmly anchored on the well wall through the setting unit. Its anchoring has high stability and reliability, can effectively avoid the phenomenon of shifting, and can achieve permanent anchoring. Certainly.
  • the guide sleeve 3 used in the positioning and orienting device 100 has a spiral guide structure, and its positioning and orientation accuracy is high, which can ensure the smooth progress of subsequent processes such as lowering the tilter into the window and is very conducive to ensuring the accuracy of its positioning and orientation.
  • the positioning and orientation method according to the present invention can continuously realize the procedures of feeding, hanging, sealing, and throwing away hands. The operation is simple and efficient, and is very conducive to improving operating efficiency.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means two or more than two, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.
  • connection In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection”, “fixing” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • connection connection
  • fixing and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

Abstract

一种用于分支井的定位定向装置（100），包括：定向连接轴（1）；液压筒（2），液压筒（2）上端固接有导向套（3）；坐封单元，其包括锚定机构（4）和密封机构（5）；坐封启动单元（6），其包括密封筒（62）、活塞（63），及传力筒（64），传力筒（64）的上端与活塞（63）固定连接，在密封筒（62）内形成有与中心流道（11）连通的密封腔体（65），活塞（63）能在钻井液压力达到第一压力时带动传力筒（64）向下运动以使坐封单元实现坐封；连接在定向连接轴（1）下端的丢手单元（7），包括承压筒（71）、弹性爪（72）、球座（73），导向套（3）的内壁设有能在初始状态下与弹性爪（72）适配卡合的卡槽（31），球座（73）能与从井口投入的球（9）适配以形成憋压，钻井液压力达到第二压力时通过上提丢手单元（7）能使弹性爪（72）与卡槽（31）脱离以完成丢手；第一压力小于第二压力。

Description

一种用于分支井的定位定向装置及定位定向方法
相关技术的交叉引用
本申请要求享有2022年4月14日提交的名称为“一种分支井的定位定向装置”的中国专利申请202210389729.7，其全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及油气开采技术领域，具体涉及一种用于分支井的定位定向装置。本发明还涉及一种用于分支井的定位定向方法。
背景技术
在石油或天然气的开采过程中，为了减少开发油气藏所需单井的数量，节约重复发生在单井及相应设备(如套管、采油平台和井口等)上的费用，减少对环境的影响，利用报废井进行老井侧钻分支井是一种低成本、高效益的开发方式，具有极大的潜力和发展前景。
分支井井下定位定向技术是分支井完井的重要技术之一，目前所有的分支井完井技术均需要先在井下设置一个定位定向装置作为其它工具及后续施工定位定向的基准。现有的定位定向装置存在与井壁连接的牢固性差，容易出现窜移的现象进而影响定位定向的准确性的缺点。此外，现有的定位定向装置能够实现的功能有限，无法集定位回接、悬挂、封隔等功能于一体，并且无法连续实现送入、悬挂、封隔、丢手功能，导致作业效率低下。
发明内容
针对如上所述的技术问题，本发明旨在提出一种用于分支井的定位定向装置及定位定向方法，该定位定向装置能够牢固地锚固在井壁上，进而避免出现窜移的现象，能够有效保证其定位定向的准确性。该定位定向方法能够连续实现送入、悬挂、封隔、丢手功能，非常有利于提高作业效率。
为此，根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种用于分支井的定位定向装置，包括：定向连接轴，其内部设有用于过流钻井液的中心流道；处于所述定向连接轴下游端的液压筒，其上端固定连接有用于定向的导向套；设置在所述液压筒上的 坐封单元，其包括锚定机构和处于所述锚定机构的下端的密封机构；坐封启动单元，其包括设置在所述定向连接轴外侧的密封筒、套装在所述密封筒内的活塞，以及设置在所述导向套外侧的传力筒，所述传力筒的上端向上延伸至与所述活塞固定连接，在所述密封筒内形成有与所述中心流道连通的密封腔体，所述活塞能够在钻井液压力达到第一压力时带动所述传力筒向下运动，以驱动所述锚定机构锚固在井筒内壁上，并驱动所述密封机构与井筒内壁之间形成密封；以及连接在所述定向连接轴的下端的丢手单元，其包括固定连接在所述定向连接轴下端的承压筒、套装在所述承压筒的外侧的弹性爪，以及固定连接在所述承压筒的下端的球座，所述导向套的内壁设有能够在初始状态下与所述弹性爪适配卡合的卡槽，所述球座能够与从井口投入的球适配以形成憋压，在钻井液压力达到第二压力时通过上提所述丢手单元能够使所述弹性爪与所述卡槽脱离以完成丢手；所述第一压力小于所述第二压力。
在一个实施例中，所述锚定机构包括：设置在所述液压筒的外表面上的卡瓦；对称设置在所述卡瓦的轴向两端的第一锥体和第二锥体；其中，所述卡瓦与所述第一锥体和第二锥体之间通过锥面适配，所述卡瓦在初始状态下缩回，并能够在所述第一锥体与所述第二锥体受到轴向作用力而轴向相对靠近时沿径向向外扩张，从而能够锚定在井筒内壁上。
在一个实施例中，所述锚定机构还包括设置在所述第一锥体和第二锥体外侧的卡瓦巢，所述卡瓦通过弹性件与所述液压筒连接，并在初始状态下收缩在所述卡瓦巢内，而在所述第一锥体与所述第二锥体受到轴向作用力时伸出所述卡瓦巢。
在一个实施例中，在所述卡瓦背对所述液压筒的表面上设置有锚爪，所述锚爪构造成朝向所述卡瓦的中心倾斜的四棱锥形牙体。
在一个实施例中，在所述第一锥体的上端设有第一止退环，在所述第二锥体的下端设有第二止退环，分别用于防止所述第一锥体、第二锥体回退。
在一个实施例中，所述密封机构包括：设置在所述液压筒上的胶筒；分别设置在所述胶筒的上下两端的第一胶筒垫环和第二胶筒垫环；其中，所述第一胶筒垫环和所述第二胶筒垫环在受到轴向作用力而轴向相对靠近时，能够挤压所述胶筒沿径向向外扩张直至与井筒内壁紧贴而形成密封。
在一个实施例中，所述第一胶筒垫环的上端形成有受力台阶，用于与所述卡瓦巢的下端适配，以传递轴向力。
在一个实施例中，所述液压筒的下端固定连接有下接头，在所述第二胶筒垫环与所述下接头的轴向之间设有缓冲件，用于缓冲所述胶筒所承受的挤压力。
在一个实施例中，所述密封筒的上端通过密封接头与所述定向连接轴形成固定连接，且所述密封腔体形成于所述密封接头与所述定向连接轴之间，所述定向连接轴的壁上设有用于连通所述密封腔体的传压孔。
在一个实施例中，所述活塞的上端外壁设有沿径向向外延伸的环形凸起部，在所述活塞外侧设有活塞套筒，所述活塞套筒的下端向下延伸至与所述传力筒固定连接，上端抵接所述环形凸起部的下端面，
其中，在初始状态下，所述活塞套筒通过第一剪切销钉与所述密封筒固定连接，所述传力筒与所述导向套之间通过第二剪切销钉固定连接，
在所述密封腔体内的钻井液压力达到所述第一压力时，同时剪断所述第一剪切销钉和所述第二剪切销钉同时被剪断，使得所述活塞能够带动所述传力筒向下运动。
在一个实施例中，所述坐封启动单元还包括设置在所述液压筒上且处于所述传力筒与所述第一锥体之间的动作套，用于将所述传力筒的轴向力传递给所述第一锥体。
在一个实施例中，所述动作套的内壁设有端面朝下的台肩，在所述台肩与所述液压筒之间形成有开口朝下的环形空间，所述第一止退环布置在所述环形空间。
在一个实施例中，所述丢手单元还包括设置在所述承压筒上的剪切卡套，其与所述承压筒之间形成有液压腔体，所述承压筒的壁上设有与所述液压腔体连通的液压孔，其中，所述剪切卡套在初始状态下通过第三剪切销钉与所述承压筒固定连接，且上端延伸至所述弹性爪的径向内侧以对所述弹性爪形成径向支撑，并能够在所述液压腔体内的钻井液压力达到所述第二压力时剪断所述第三剪切销钉后向下移动，从而撤去对所述弹性爪的径向支撑。
在一个实施例中，所述导向套的上部设有螺旋线形的导向轨道和定位槽，所述导向套能够在回接插入上部管柱时通过所述导向轨道引导上部管柱上的定位键滑入所述定位槽，从而对所述上部管柱进行定向。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种用于分支井的定位定向方法，包括如下步骤：
提供根据如上所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置；
将所述定位定向装置下入井筒至预定位置；
从井口投球至与所述丢手单元中的球座适配而形成憋压，直至当钻井液压力达到所述第一压力时，所述坐封启动单元驱动所述锚定机构锚固在井筒内壁上，同时驱动所述密封机构与井筒内壁之间形成密封，从而完成坐封工序；
继续加压，直至当钻井液压力达到第二压力时，通过上提所述丢手单元能够使其与所述导向套分离，进而能够将所述丢手单元和所述坐封启动单元共同提出井口，从而完成丢手工序。
与现有技术相比，本申请的优点之处在于：
根据本发明的用于分支井的定位定向装置通过坐封单元能够牢固地锚固在井壁上，其锚固的稳定性、可靠性高，能够有效避免出现窜移的现象，同时能够实现永久锚定。定位定向装置采用的导向套具有螺旋导向结构，其定位定向准确性高，能保证斜向器下入开窗等后续工序的顺利进行，非常有利于保证其定位定向的准确性。根据本发明的定位定向方法能够连续实现送入、悬挂、封隔、丢手工序，操作简单高效，非常有利于提高作业效率。
附图说明
下面将参照附图对本发明进行说明。
图1显示了根据本发明的用于分支井的定位定向装置的结构。
图2是图1中A区域的放大图。
图3是图1中B区域的放大图。
图4到图6示意性地显示了图1所示的用于分支井的定位定向装置中的卡瓦的结构。
图7示意性地显示了图1所示的用于分支井的定位定向装置中的导向套的结构。
图8示意性地显示了图1所示的用于分支井的定位定向装置中的坐封单元坐封后的结构。
图9示意性地显示了图1所示的用于分支井的定位定向装置中的丢手单元的启动过程。
图10示意性地显示了图1所示的用于分支井的定位定向装置丢手后留在井下部分的结构。
在本申请中，所有附图均为示意性的附图，仅用于说明本发明的原理，并且未按实际比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面通过附图来对本发明进行介绍。
为方便理解，在本申请中，将靠近井口的一端定义为上端、上游端或相似用语，而将远离井口的一端定义为下端、下游端或相似用语。同时，将沿着用于分支井的定位定向装置的长度方向称为纵向方向、轴向方向或类似用语，而与之垂直的方向称为横向方向、径向方向或类似用语。另外需要说明的是，本申请中使用的方向性用语或限定词“上”、“下”、等均是针对所参照的附图1而言，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
图1显示了根据本发明的用于分支井的定位定向装置100的结构。如图1所示，定位定向装置100包括定向连接轴1、液压筒2、坐封单元、坐封启动单元6，以及丢手单元7。定向连接轴1的内部设有用于过流钻井液的中心流道11。液压筒2处于定向连接轴1的下游端，且在液压筒2的上端固定连接有用于定向的导向套3。坐封单元设置在液压筒2上，其包括锚定机构4和处于锚定机构4的下端的密封机构5。丢手单元7连接在定向连接轴1的下端，丢手单元7构造成能够通过井口投球9而形成憋压。坐封启动单元6构造成能够在憋压压力达到第一压力时驱动锚定机构4锚固在井筒内壁上，并驱动密封机构5与井筒内壁之间形成密封，丢手单元7构造成能够在初始状态下与导向套3适配而形成固定连接，并能够在憋压压力达到第二压力时通过上提管柱以带动丢手单元7向上运动而与导向套3分离，进而能够将丢手单元7与坐封启动单元6共同提出井口，从而实现丢手工序。其中，第一压力小于第二压力。
如图1所示，定向连接轴1的外廓形状为沿轴向方向延伸的柱形，其上端设有母扣接头，下端设有公扣接头，分别用于连接其他部件。在定向连接轴1的外壁设有端面朝下的限位台阶，限位台阶的功能将在下文进行介绍。
根据本发明，如图1所示，锚定机构4包括设置在液压筒2的外表面上的卡瓦41、对称设置在卡瓦41的轴向两端的第一锥体42和第二锥体43。卡瓦41与第一锥体42和第二锥体43之间通过锥面适配。卡瓦41在初始状态下径向缩回， 并且在第一锥体42与第二锥体43受到轴向作用力而轴向相对靠近时，卡瓦41能够在锥面配合的作用下沿径向向外扩张，从而实现将卡瓦41锚定在井筒内壁上。第一锥体42与第二锥体43受到轴向作用力通过坐封启动单元6施加，具体施加原理和过程将在下文进行介绍。
在一个实施例中，锚定机构4还包括设置在第一锥体42和第二锥体43外侧的卡瓦巢44。卡瓦41通过弹性件45与液压筒2连接。在初始状态下，卡瓦41在弹性件45的作用下收缩在卡瓦巢44内。在第一锥体42与第二锥体43受到轴向作用力时，卡瓦41能够克服弹性件45的弹性力而沿径向向外伸出卡瓦巢44。弹性件45例如可以为拉簧，但并不仅限于此。在实际制作中，卡瓦41的数量为至少两个，至少两个卡瓦41沿液压筒2的周向均匀布设，弹性件45的数量与卡瓦41的数量相等并一一对应。卡瓦41的这种结构能够使该定位定向装置100牢固地锚固在井壁上，进而避免出现窜移的现象，使定位定向的准确性得到了保证。
卡瓦巢44例如可以为圆筒，圆筒上均布有多个通孔，通孔的形状设置成与卡瓦41的形状适配。
图3至图5示意性地显示了卡瓦41的结构。如图3至图5所示，在卡瓦41背对液压筒2的表面上设置有锚爪411，锚爪411构造成朝向卡瓦41的中心倾斜的四棱锥形牙体。卡瓦41的这种结构不仅能够有效防止定位定向装置100锚定后上下及周向窜动，而且非常有利于提高定位定向装置100的锚定稳定性。
此外，卡瓦41具有面对液压筒2的上承接面和下承接面，上承接面和下承接面均构造成锥面结构。第一锥体42的外壁上具有向下渐缩的第一锥形驱动面，其能够与上承接面适配。第二锥体43的外壁上具有向上渐缩的第二锥形驱动面，其能够与下承接面适配。第一锥体42通过第一锥形驱动面抵接在上承接面上，第二锥体43通过第二锥形驱动面抵接在下承接面上。由此，卡瓦41与第一锥体42和第二锥体43之间实现锥面配合安装。
如图1所示，在第一锥体42的上端设有第一止退环46，在第二锥体43的下端设有第二止退环47，分别用于防止第一锥体42、第二锥体43回退，从而实现卡瓦41的永久锚定。在一个实施例中，第一止退环46为开口环，同时液压筒2的外壁面上设有缩径处。当第一止退环46向下滑至液压筒2上设有的缩径处时，第一止退环46能够靠自身回复力缩小以与缩径处适配，并无法从缩径处滑出，从而实现了卡瓦41的永久锚定。第二止退环47设置成与液压筒2形成固定连接。
当然，第一止退环46也可以构造有棘齿结构以实现防止回退功能。例如，第一止退环46的内壁面设置有若干向上倾斜延伸的第一棘齿，同时，在液压筒2的外壁面上设有若干向下倾斜延伸的第二棘齿，第一棘齿与第二棘齿适配而形成卡接，以通过第一止退环46阻挡第一锥体42向上回退。采用这样的方式，在卡瓦41锚定后，能够避免第一锥体42向上产生位移，进而保证第一锥体42和第二锥体43对卡瓦41的驱动效果，提高了卡瓦41锚固在井筒内壁上的可靠性。
根据本发明，如图1所示，密封机构5包括设置在液压筒2上的胶筒51、分别设置在胶筒51的上下两端的第一胶筒垫环52和第二胶筒垫环53。当第一胶筒垫环52和第二胶筒垫环53在受到轴向作用力而轴向相对靠近时，能够挤压胶筒51沿径向向外扩张直至与井筒内壁紧贴而形成密封。
在一个实施例中，第一胶筒垫环52的上端形成有受力台阶，用于与卡瓦巢44的下端适配，以传递轴向力。坐封启动单元6能够启动产生轴向力并传递至卡瓦巢44，使得卡瓦巢44能够轴向向下运动，直至使其下端与第一胶筒垫环52的受力台阶配合，从而能够将轴向力传递给第一胶筒垫环52。由此，第一胶筒垫环52和第二胶筒垫环53共同作用而实现对胶筒51的轴向挤压，从而实现胶筒51沿径向扩张，直至与井筒内壁面紧贴而实现密封。
优选地，第一胶筒垫环52和第二胶筒垫环53与胶筒51的接触端面形成为锥面配合结构。具体地，第一胶筒垫环52的下端面、第二胶筒垫环53的上端面均形成为朝向液压筒2的斜面，胶筒51的上下两端被第一胶筒垫环52和第二胶筒垫环53的斜面包裹形成轴向限位。这种结构不仅能够对胶筒51形成保护，而且在坐封时能够保证胶筒51径向扩张的效果和稳定性，非常有利于保证胶筒51与井筒内壁之间的密封效果。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，在液压筒2的下端固定连接有下接头8，用于连接其他部件。下接头8与液压筒2通过螺纹形成固定连接。在第二胶筒垫环53与下接头8的轴向之间设有缓冲件54，用于缓冲胶筒51所承受的挤压力。缓冲件54的上端面抵靠第二胶筒垫环53的下端面，缓冲件54的下端面抵靠下接头8的轴向上端面。缓冲件54能够有效缓冲胶筒51所承受的挤压力，防止胶筒51因突然受到较大的挤压力而造成损坏。缓冲件54例如可以为碟簧，但并不见限于此。
根据本发明，如图1所示，坐封启动单元6包括密封接头61、密封筒62、 活塞63和传力筒64。密封筒62设置在定向连接轴1的外侧，且密封筒62的上端通过密封接头61与定向连接轴1形成固定连接。活塞63套装在定向连接轴1上且处于密封筒62内，活塞63能够沿定向连接轴1向下滑动。传力筒64设置在导向套3的外侧，传力筒64的上端向上延伸至与活塞63固定连接。在密封接头61、定向连接轴1与活塞63的上端面之间形成有密封腔体65，在定向连接轴1的对应于密封腔体65的侧壁上设有传压孔12，定向连接轴1的中心流道11内的钻井液能够通过传压孔12进入密封腔体65，活塞63能够在密封腔体65内的钻井液压力达到第一压力时带动传力筒64向下运动。
在一个实施例中，密封接头61构造成包括第一圆筒段和连接在第一圆筒段的下端的第二圆筒段，第一圆筒段的直径小于第二圆筒段的直径。第一圆筒段的上端面抵靠在定向连接轴1的限位台阶上，且第一圆筒段与定向连接轴1形成固定密封连接。密封腔体65形成于第二圆筒段与定向连接轴1的径向之间的空间内。
密封接头61的第二圆筒段的外表面与密封筒62通过螺纹形成固定连接，并设有止转销钉实现两者之间的防转。
如图1所所示，活塞63的上端外壁设有沿径向向外延伸的环形凸起部631，在活塞63外侧设有活塞套筒66，活塞套筒66的下端向下延伸至与传力筒64固定连接，上端抵接环形凸起部631的下端面。优选地，活塞套筒66与传力筒64通过螺纹形成固定连接，为了防止两者相互转动，在活塞套筒66与传力筒64的连接处还设有止转销钉101。活塞63的内壁面与定向连接轴1之间形成动密封，环形凸起部631的外壁面与密封筒62之间形成动密封。
在实际工作时，在初始状态下，活塞套筒66通过第一剪切销钉67与密封筒62固定连接，同时传力筒64与导向套3之间通过第二剪切销钉68形成固定连接。第二剪切销钉68优选设置在靠近传力筒64的下端位置处。而在密封腔体65内的钻井液压力达到第一压力时，第一剪切销钉67和第二剪切销钉68同时被剪断，使得活塞63能够带动传力筒64向下运动。
根据本发明，如图1和图3所示，坐封启动单元6还包括设置在液压筒2上且处于传力筒64与第一锥体42之间的动作套69，用于将传力筒64的轴向力传递给第一锥体42。动作套69的内壁设有端面朝下的台肩691，在台肩691与液压筒2之间形成有开口朝下的环形空间692，第一止退环46布置在环形空间692 内。传力筒64能够推动动作套69和第一止退环46向下运动，以对第一锥体42施加轴向力，并能够通过第一止退环46防止第一锥体42回退。
同时，在动作套69的外壁面上设有端面朝下的承压台阶693，用于与卡瓦巢44的上端适配，以将坐封启动单元6产生的轴向力传递给卡瓦巢44，进而通过卡瓦巢44给密封机构5提供开启动力。
根据本发明，如图1和图2所示，丢手单元7包括承压筒71、弹性爪72、球座73。承压筒71固定连接在定向连接轴1下端，优选地，承压筒71通过短节接头70固定连接在定向连接轴1下端。弹性爪72固定安装在承压筒71的外侧的72。球座73固定连接在承压筒71的下端，用于与从井口投入的球9适配以形成憋压。在导向套3的内壁设有卡槽31，弹性爪72的卡爪部分721在初始状态下与卡槽31适配卡合，从而使丢手单元7与导向套3形成固定连接，并能够在钻井液压力达到第二压力时通过上提丢手单元7使弹性爪72与卡槽31脱离，从而完成丢手工序。
如图2所示，丢手单元7还包括设置在承压筒71上的剪切卡套74，在剪切卡套74与承压筒71之间形成有液压腔体75，承压筒71的壁上设有与液压腔体75连通的液压孔711。具体为，承压筒71设有端面朝下的外台阶部分，剪切卡套74的下端内壁设有端面朝上的内台阶部分。液压腔体75形成于外台阶部分与内台阶部分的轴向之间。
在初始状态下，剪切卡套74通过第三剪切销钉76与承压筒71固定连接，且上端延伸至弹性爪72的径向内侧以对弹性爪72形成径向支撑。第三剪切销钉76优选贯穿内台阶部分而与承压筒71形成固定连接。当液压腔体75内的钻井液压力达到第二压力时，剪切卡套74能够在钻井液压力的作用下剪断第三剪切销钉76后向下移动，从而撤去对弹性爪72的径向支撑。此时，通过上提管柱能够带动承压筒71和弹性爪72上行，从而使弹性爪72的卡爪721能够从导向套3的卡槽31内脱出，进而实现丢手单元7与导向套3分离，由此实现丢手工序。
根据本发明，如图7所示，导向套3的上部设有螺旋线形的导向轨道32和定位槽33，导向套3能够在回接插入上部管柱(未示出)时通过导向轨道32引导上部管柱上的定位键滑入定位槽33，使上部管柱获得特定的方位角，从而实现对上部管柱进行定向。
在一个未示出的实施例中，在下接头8的下端连接有破裂盘或铝制封堵模块， 以实现主井眼的密封，便于连续实现送入、悬挂、封隔、丢手功能。
根据本发明的用于分支井的定位定向装置100可作为定位重入基础，保证上分支完井工具下入遇阻可处理，可以实现一趟钻坐挂、坐封、丢手等操作，分支井、侧钻井领域应用最佳，还可用于直井、斜井、水平井、大位移井的完井作业。
本发明还提供了一种用于分支井的定位定向方法，该用于分支井的定位定向方法使用如上所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置100。下面结合定位定向装置100具体介绍该定位定向方法。
首先，组装好定位定向装置100，并将定位定向装置100下入井筒至预定位置。如图1所示，在入井过程中，定位定向装置100处于初始状态，坐封单元、坐封启动单元6，以及丢手单元7均未启动。
之后，从井口投球9，球9向下运动通过定向连接轴1的中心流道11直至与丢手单元7中的球座23适配，从而形成憋压。如图8所示，直至当钻井液压力达到第一压力时，启动坐封启动单元6，以驱动锚定机构4锚固在井筒内壁上，同时驱动密封机构5与井筒内壁之间形成密封，从而完成坐封工序。
具体为，球9运动至球座23位置并与球座23适配后，将定位定向装置100的内部通道分隔成上部通道和下部通道，并在上部通道形成憋压，钻井液通过定向连接轴1的传压孔12进入密封腔体65。如图8所示，钻井液压力作用于活塞63的上端面，直至钻井液压力达到第一压力时，活塞63推动活塞套筒66剪断第一剪切销钉67，同时带动传力筒64剪断第二剪切销钉68。随着钻井液压力的增大，轴向推动活塞63、活塞套筒66、传力筒64向下运动，并将轴向力传递给动作套69，动作套69推动第一锥体42和第一止退环46轴向向下，从而轴向挤压卡瓦44，在第一锥体42与第二锥体43的作用下，推动卡瓦44沿径向向外扩上。从而实现卡瓦44与井筒内壁之间的锚定，完成锚定工序。同时，动作套69轴向向下运动至使其承压台阶693与卡瓦巢44的上端面接触，进而轴向推动卡瓦巢44轴向向下运动，使得卡瓦巢44的下端面与第一胶筒垫环52的上端的受力台阶适配，进而轴向推动第一胶筒垫环52，此时第一胶筒垫环52和第二胶筒垫环53共同作用对胶筒51形成轴向挤压，使得胶筒51沿径向膨胀直至与井筒内壁面形成紧密贴合，从而完成密封工序。由此，完成坐封工序。此时，第一止退环46和第二止退环47能够有效防止第一锥体42和第二锥体43回退，从而实现永久锚定。
此外，定位定向装置100的上部通道内的钻井液还通过承压筒71的液压孔711进入液压腔体75内。如图9所示，当定位定向装置100完成坐封后，继续加压，液压腔体75内的钻井液压力作用于剪切卡套74的内台阶部分上，直至当钻井液压力达到第二压力时，剪切卡套74剪断第三剪切销钉76，进而向下运动，从而撤去对弹性爪72的径向支撑。此时，通过上提管柱而上提丢手单元7能够使弹性爪72产生形变，以使卡爪721从导向套3的卡槽31内脱出，从而实现提丢手单元7与导向套3分离。由此，能够将丢手单元7和坐封启动单元6共同提出井口，而将液压筒2、导向套3，以及坐封单元及其下部分布留在井下，从而完成丢手工序。图10示意性地显示了定位定向装置100丢手后留在井下部分的结构。
进而可进行后续定向作业。
根据本发明的用于分支井的定位定向装置100通过坐封单元能够牢固地锚固在井壁上，其锚固的稳定性、可靠性高，能够有效避免出现窜移的现象，同时能够实现永久锚定。定位定向装置100采用的导向套3具有螺旋导向结构，其定位定向准确性高，能保证斜向器下入开窗等后续工序的顺利进行，非常有利于保证其定位定向的准确性。根据本发明的定位定向方法能够连续实现送入、悬挂、封隔、丢手工序，操作简单高效，非常有利于提高作业效率。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
另外，在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。 在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
最后应说明的是，以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方案，并不构成对本发明的任何限制。尽管参照前述实施方案对本发明进行了详细的说明，但是对于本领域的技术人员来说，依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种用于分支井的定位定向装置，包括：
    定向连接轴(1)，其内部设有用于过流钻井液的中心流道(11)；
    处于所述定向连接轴(1)下游端的液压筒(2)，其上端固定连接有用于定向的导向套(3)；
    设置在所述液压筒(2)上的坐封单元，其包括锚定机构(4)和处于所述锚定机构(4)的下端的密封机构(5)；
    坐封启动单元(6)，其包括设置在所述定向连接轴(1)外侧的密封筒(62)、套装在所述密封筒(62)内的活塞(63)，以及设置在所述导向套(3)外侧的传力筒(64)，所述传力筒的上端向上延伸至与所述活塞(63)固定连接，在所述密封筒(62)内形成有与所述中心流道(11)连通的密封腔体(65)，所述活塞(63)能够在钻井液压力达到第一压力时带动所述传力筒(64)向下运动，以驱动所述锚定机构(4)锚固在井筒内壁上，并驱动所述密封机构(5)与井筒内壁之间形成密封；以及
    连接在所述定向连接轴(1)的下端的丢手单元(7)，其包括固定连接在所述定向连接轴(1)下端的承压筒(71)、套装在所述承压筒(71)的外侧的弹性爪(72)，以及固定连接在所述承压筒(71)的下端的球座(73)，所述导向套(3)的内壁设有能够在初始状态下与所述弹性爪(72)适配卡合的卡槽(31)，所述球座(73)能够与从井口投入的球(9)适配以形成憋压，在钻井液压力达到第二压力时通过上提所述丢手单元(7)能够使所述弹性爪(72)与所述卡槽(31)脱离以完成丢手；
    所述第一压力小于所述第二压力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于，所述锚定机构(4)包括：
    设置在所述液压筒(2)的外表面上的卡瓦(41)；
    对称设置在所述卡瓦(41)的轴向两端的第一锥体(42)和第二锥体(43)；
    其中，所述卡瓦(41)与所述第一锥体(42)和第二锥体(43)之间通过锥面适配，所述卡瓦(41)在初始状态下缩回，并能够在所述第一锥体(42)与所述第二锥体(43)受到轴向作用力而轴向相对靠近时沿径向向外扩张，从而能够 锚定在井筒内壁上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于，所述锚定机构(4)还包括设置在所述第一锥体(42)和第二锥体(43)外侧的卡瓦巢(44)，所述卡瓦(41)通过弹性件(45)与所述液压筒(2)连接，并在初始状态下收缩在所述卡瓦巢(44)内，而在所述第一锥体(42)与所述第二锥体(43)受到轴向作用力时伸出所述卡瓦巢(44)。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于，在所述卡瓦(41)背对所述液压筒(2)的表面上设置有锚爪(411)，所述锚爪(411)构造成朝向所述卡瓦(41)的中心倾斜的四棱锥形牙体。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于，在所述第一锥体(42)的上端设有第一止退环(46)，在所述第二锥体(43)的下端设有第二止退环(47)，分别用于防止所述第一锥体(42)、第二锥体(43)回退。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于，所述密封机构(5)包括：
    设置在所述液压筒(2)上的胶筒(51)；
    分别设置在所述胶筒(51)的上下两端的第一胶筒垫环(52)和第二胶筒垫环(53)；
    其中，所述第一胶筒垫环(52)和所述第二胶筒垫环(53)在受到轴向作用力而轴向相对靠近时，能够挤压所述胶筒(51)沿径向向外扩张直至与井筒内壁紧贴而形成密封。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于，所述第一胶筒垫环(52)的上端形成有受力台阶，用于与所述卡瓦巢(44)的下端适配，以传递轴向力。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于，所述液压筒(2)的下端固定连接有下接头(8)，在所述第二胶筒垫环(53)与所述下接头(8)的轴向之间设有缓冲件(54)，用于缓冲所述胶筒(51)所承受的挤压力。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于，所述密封筒(62)的上端通过密封接头(61)与所述定向连接轴(1)形成固定连接， 且所述密封腔体(65)形成于所述密封接头(61)与所述定向连接轴(1)之间，所述定向连接轴(1)的壁上设有用于连通所述密封腔体(65)的传压孔(12)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于，所述活塞(63)的上端外壁设有沿径向向外延伸的环形凸起部(631)，在所述活塞(63)外侧设有活塞套筒(66)，所述活塞套筒(66)的下端向下延伸至与所述传力筒(64)固定连接，上端抵接所述环形凸起部(631)的下端面，
    其中，在初始状态下，所述活塞套筒(66)通过第一剪切销钉(67)与所述密封筒(62)固定连接，所述传力筒(64)与所述导向套(3)之间通过第二剪切销钉(68)固定连接，
    在所述密封腔体(65)内的钻井液压力达到所述第一压力时，同时剪断所述第一剪切销钉(67)和所述第二剪切销钉(68)同时被剪断，使得所述活塞(63)能够带动所述传力筒(64)向下运动。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于，所述坐封启动单元(6)还包括设置在所述液压筒(2)上且处于所述传力筒(64)与所述第一锥体(42)之间的动作套(69)，用于将所述传力筒(64)的轴向力传递给所述第一锥体(42)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于，所述动作套(69)的内壁设有端面朝下的台肩(691)，在所述台肩(691)与所述液压筒(2)之间形成有开口朝下的环形空间(692)，所述第一止退环(46)布置在所述环形空间(692)。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于，所述丢手单元(7)还包括设置在所述承压筒(71)上的剪切卡套(74)，其与所述承压筒(71)之间形成有液压腔体(75)，所述承压筒(71)的壁上设有与所述液压腔体(75)连通的液压孔(711)，
    其中，所述剪切卡套(74)在初始状态下通过第三剪切销钉(76)与所述承压筒(71)固定连接，且上端延伸至所述弹性爪(72)的径向内侧以对所述弹性爪(72)形成径向支撑，并能够在所述液压腔体(75)内的钻井液压力达到所述第二压力时剪断所述第三剪切销钉(76)后向下移动，从而撤去对所述弹性爪(72)的径向支撑。
  14. 根据权利要求1或13所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置，其特征在于， 所述导向套(3)的上部设有螺旋线形的导向轨道(32)和定位槽(33)，所述导向套(3)能够在回接插入上部管柱时通过所述导向轨道(32)引导上部管柱上的定位键滑入所述定位槽(33)，从而对所述上部管柱进行定向。
  15. 一种用于分支井的定位定向方法，包括如下步骤：
    提供根据权利要求1到14中任一项所述的用于分支井的定位定向装置；
    将所述定位定向装置下入井筒至预定位置；
    从井口投球(9)至与所述丢手单元(7)中的球座适配而形成憋压，直至当钻井液压力达到所述第一压力时，所述坐封启动单元(6)驱动所述锚定机构(4)锚固在井筒内壁上，同时驱动所述密封机构(5)与井筒内壁之间形成密封，从而完成坐封工序；
    继续加压，直至当钻井液压力达到第二压力时，通过上提所述丢手单元(7)能够使其与所述导向套(3)分离，进而能够将所述丢手单元(7)和所述坐封启动单元(6)共同提出井口，从而完成丢手工序。
PCT/CN2023/086863 2022-04-14 2023-04-07 一种用于分支井的定位定向装置及定位定向方法 WO2023197948A1 (zh)

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CN203145886U (zh) * 2013-03-21 2013-08-21 王柏林 一种可捞式液压丢手封隔器
US20190242208A1 (en) * 2018-02-06 2019-08-08 Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Magnetorheological down-hole packing elements
CN113802994A (zh) * 2020-06-12 2021-12-17 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种悬挂装置

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CN203145886U (zh) * 2013-03-21 2013-08-21 王柏林 一种可捞式液压丢手封隔器
US20190242208A1 (en) * 2018-02-06 2019-08-08 Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Magnetorheological down-hole packing elements
CN113802994A (zh) * 2020-06-12 2021-12-17 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种悬挂装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117345139A (zh) * 2023-12-05 2024-01-05 大庆金祥寓科技有限公司 射、解联作支撑锚
CN117345139B (zh) * 2023-12-05 2024-02-13 大庆金祥寓科技有限公司 射、解联作支撑锚

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