WO2023197479A1 - 确定方法、系统、反射器、立罐外测液位计及其安装方法 - Google Patents

确定方法、系统、反射器、立罐外测液位计及其安装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023197479A1
WO2023197479A1 PCT/CN2022/108766 CN2022108766W WO2023197479A1 WO 2023197479 A1 WO2023197479 A1 WO 2023197479A1 CN 2022108766 W CN2022108766 W CN 2022108766W WO 2023197479 A1 WO2023197479 A1 WO 2023197479A1
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Prior art keywords
reflector
handed
coordinate system
dimensional rectangular
ultrasonic
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PCT/CN2022/108766
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王定华
王瑞
王璞
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西安定华电子股份有限公司
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Priority to EP22937117.4A priority Critical patent/EP4345501A1/en
Priority to US18/292,796 priority patent/US20240338494A1/en
Publication of WO2023197479A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023197479A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/006—Theoretical aspects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
    • G01F25/20—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of apparatus for measuring liquid level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/52004—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/521—Constructional features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/15—Correlation function computation including computation of convolution operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/52004—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S2007/52014—Means for monitoring or calibrating involving a reference reflector integrated in the sensor or transducer configuration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of liquid level measurement, and in particular to a reflector determination method, a determination system, a reflector, a vertical tank external liquid level gauge and an installation method thereof.
  • the design process of the reflective surface in the existing external liquid level gauge is as follows: using the geometric drawing calculation method to design each level of the N-level reflective surface, and then calculating the boundary point positions of the reflective surfaces at each level step by step, and then based on the N-level reflection Design the reflective surface at the surface boundary point position.
  • the reflective surface can reflect the rays from any direction emitted by the ultrasonic measuring head to any specified direction, and has a wide range of applications. However, during the design process of this reflective surface, there is no specific calculation formula, which makes the work complicated and the workload heavy.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a determination method, system, reflector, vertical tank external liquid level gauge and installation method thereof.
  • the reflector is designed on the basis of no need to calculate the boundary point positions of the reflective surfaces at each level step by step, so as to achieve The purpose is to reduce calculation workload and improve work efficiency.
  • the present invention provides the following solutions:
  • the present invention provides a determination method for determining a reflector used to reflect an ultrasonic signal emitted by an ultrasonic emission source.
  • the determination method includes:
  • one end point of the reference line segment is the position point T, and the length of the reference line segment is equal to the focal length P of the reflector; the position point T is the position of the ultrasonic wave emission source;
  • a first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 , a second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX P Y P Z P and a third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system are constructed OXYZ; wherein, the position point T is at the positive value of the O 1 Y 1 coordinate axis of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 , and the length of the line segment O 1 T is equal to the focal length P Half of _ _ _ _ _ The positive direction of the O 1 Y 1 coordinate axis of the right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 At the positive value of the TX p coordinate axis of the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p , and the coordinate origin O of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is the other end point of the reference line segment ;
  • the basic cross section of the reflector on the O 1 X 1 Y 1 coordinate plane of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 is determined;
  • the basic section is a basic parabola, the focal length of the basic parabola is the focal length P; the focus of the basic parabola is the position point T; the basic parabola is rotated with the O 1 Y 1 coordinate axis as the rotation axis form a paraboloid;
  • the first section on the surface wherein, the first section is a first parabola; the focal length of the first parabola is the focal length P; the focus of the first parabola is the position point T;
  • the TX p Z p coordinates of the reflector in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p determine the TX p Z p coordinates of the reflector in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p
  • the second section on the surface; the second section is an arc; the radius of the arc is the focal length P; the center of the arc is the position point T;
  • the third section is the second parabola; the focal length of the second parabola is the focal length P; the focus of the second parabola is the position point T;
  • a parabolic reflector is determined according to the basic section, the first section, the second section and the third section; wherein the center point of the parabolic reflector is the coordinate origin O, so The focus of the parabolic reflector is the position point T, and the focal length of the parabolic reflector is the focal length P.
  • the present invention provides a determination system for determining a reflector for reflecting ultrasonic signals emitted by an ultrasonic emission source.
  • the determination system includes:
  • Reference line segment determination module used to determine a reference line segment; one end point of the reference line segment is a position point T, and the length of the reference line segment is equal to the focal length P of the reflector; the position point T is the ultrasonic emission source s position;
  • a coordinate system building module for constructing a first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 , a second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX P Y P Z P and The third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ; wherein, the position point T is at the positive value of the O 1 Y 1 coordinate axis of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 , and the line segment O 1 T The length of is equal to half of the focal length P; the position point T is the coordinate origin of the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX P Y P Z P , and the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p It is obtained by translating the length of the line segment O 1 T along the positive direction of the O 1 Y 1 coordinate axis of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 ; the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system The
  • a basic cross-section determination module used to determine, based on the position point T and the focal length P , that the reflector is on the O 1 X 1 Y 1 coordinate plane of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1
  • the basic section of The axis is the axis of rotation and forms a paraboloid after rotation;
  • a first cross-section determination module configured to determine the position of the reflector in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p according to the equation of the parabola in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p
  • a second cross-section determination module configured to determine the position of the reflector in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p according to the equation of the parabola in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p
  • the second section on the TX p Z p coordinate plane of Z p the second section is an arc; the radius of the arc is the focal length P; the center of the arc is the position point T;
  • a third cross-section determination module configured to determine the third cross-section of the reflector in the OYZ coordinate plane of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ according to the equation of the parabola in the form of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ ;
  • the third section is a second parabola; the focal length of the second parabola is the focal length P; the focus of the second parabola is the position point T;
  • a reflector determination module configured to determine a parabolic reflector according to the basic section, the first section, the second section and the third section; wherein the center point of the parabolic reflector is The coordinate origin O, the focus of the parabolic reflector is the position point T, and the focal length of the parabolic reflector is the focal length P.
  • the present invention provides a reflector determined by the method for determining a reflector described in the first aspect, the reflector being used to reflect an ultrasonic signal emitted by an ultrasonic emission source;
  • the reflector is a parabolic reflector; the center point of the parabolic reflector is the coordinate origin O, the focus of the parabolic reflector is the position point T, and the reflection of the parabolic reflector is The focal length of the device is the focal length P;
  • the coordinate of the center point of the reflector on the third right-handed rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is the coordinate origin O(0,0,0); the center point of the reflector is on the second right-handed rectangular coordinate system
  • the coordinates on TX p Y p Z p are (P,0,0), and the coordinates of the center point of the reflector on the first right-handed rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 are (P, P /2,0);
  • the present invention provides a vertical tank external liquid level gauge, including a liquid level determination module, an ultrasonic signal source locator, and a reflector as described in the third aspect;
  • the ultrasonic signal source locator includes an ultrasonic transmitting probe, an ultrasonic transmitting circuit connected to the ultrasonic transmitting probe, an ultrasonic receiving probe, an ultrasonic receiving circuit connected to the ultrasonic receiving probe, and an ultrasonic intensity indicator; wherein, the ultrasonic wave
  • the transmitting probe emits ultrasonic waves from the outside of the vertical tank wall to the tank wall.
  • the ultrasonic receiving probe receives the ultrasonic signal from the inside of the vertical tank side wall.
  • the intensity indication displayed by the ultrasonic intensity indicator is used to find the position with the strongest received ultrasonic signal and determine the ultrasonic wave.
  • the ultrasonic wave emitted by the transmitting probe from the outside of the vertical tank wall passes through the tank wall and forms the position point T of the ultrasonic wave emission source on the inside of the vertical tank wall;
  • the liquid level determination module is composed of an external liquid level meter; the external liquid level meter is used to measure the liquid level in the tank from outside the vertical tank.
  • the present invention provides an installation method for installing the vertical tank external liquid level gauge described in the fourth aspect, including:
  • the vertical tank to be measured has no structure that blocks the propagation of ultrasonic signals from directly above the selection area to the liquid level of the vertical tank to be measured;
  • an ultrasonic signal source locator to determine the location point of the ultrasonic emission source on the inner wall of the vertical tank being measured
  • the reflector is installed according to the installation point so that the center point of the reflector coincides with the installation point, and the focus of the reflector is the position point of the ultrasonic wave emission source.
  • the present invention discloses the following technical effects:
  • the present invention uses a parabolic function to design the reflector of the vertical tank external liquid level meter.
  • the vertical tank external liquid level meter When the vertical tank external liquid level meter is working, its ultrasonic transmitting probe is installed on the outer wall of the vertical tank to be measured, and the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transmitting probe penetrate
  • the ultrasonic emission source is generated on the side wall of the vertical tank and on the inner wall of the vertical tank under test; the position point of the ultrasonic emission source is also the focus of the reflector; the acoustic signal emitted by the ultrasonic emission source is emitted to the reflector, and after being reflected by the reflector, It is ejected parallel to the preset direction, and after being reflected by the liquid surface of the vertical tank to be measured, it can return to the position of the ultrasonic emission source along the original path, and then penetrates the side wall of the vertical tank and is installed outside the side wall of the vertical tank.
  • the measuring head receives; the external liquid level meter determines the liquid level position of the measured vertical tank based on the transmitted ultrasonic signal and the received ultrasonic signal.
  • the reflector provided by this application does not need to calculate the boundary point positions of the reflective surfaces at each level step by step, so that the rays emitted from the focus to the front in any direction can be emitted parallel to the preset direction after being reflected by the reflector, that is, The purpose of reducing calculation workload and improving work efficiency is achieved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the reflector of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a physical diagram of the external liquid level meter of the vertical tank of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the reflector of the present invention when installed on a platform;
  • Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of the overall structure;
  • Figure 3(b) is a front view;
  • Figure 3(c) is a top view;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the steering gear of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the actual installation of the steering gear of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic flow chart of the installation method of an external liquid level meter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic flow chart of the reflector determination method of the present invention.
  • Figure 8(a) is a first cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 8(b) is a second cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the circular reflector of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the reflector determination system of the present invention.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a determination method, system, reflector, vertical tank external liquid level gauge and installation method thereof.
  • the reflector is designed on the basis of no need to calculate the boundary point positions of the reflective surfaces at each level step by step, so as to achieve The purpose is to reduce calculation workload and improve work efficiency.
  • the present invention provides a reflector as shown in Figure 1, which can make the liquid level emitted from the probe of the external liquid level meter
  • the ultrasonic signals are scattered in all directions, reflected by the reflector, and then emitted parallel and vertically to the liquid surface of the vertical tank.
  • this embodiment provides a reflector for a vertical tank external liquid level meter designed using a parabolic function, that is, a parabolic reflector is provided.
  • the reflector is a parabolic reflector; the center point of the parabolic reflector is the coordinate origin O, the focus of the parabolic reflector is the position point T, and the reflection of the parabolic reflector is The focal length of the device is the focal length P.
  • the coordinate of the center point of the reflector on the third right-handed rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is the coordinate origin O(0,0,0); the center point of the reflector is on the second right-handed rectangular coordinate system
  • the coordinates on TX p Y p Z p are (P,0,0), and the coordinates of the center point of the reflector on the first right-handed rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 are (P, P /2,0).
  • the position point T is at the positive value of the O 1 Y 1 coordinate axis of the first right-handed three- dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 , and the length of the line segment O 1 T is equal to half of the focal length P ;
  • the position point T is the coordinate origin of the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX P Y P Z P.
  • the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p is along the first right-handed three-dimensional coordinate system.
  • the positive direction of the coordinate axis O 1 Y 1 of the rectangular coordinate system O 1 The positive value of the TX p coordinate axis of the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p , and the coordinate origin O of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is the other end point of the reference line segment; the line segment The length of TO is equal to the focal length P.
  • the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is along the positive direction of the TX p coordinate axis of the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p .
  • the length of the translation line segment TO Obtained later; the position point T is located at the negative value of the OX axis of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ.
  • the basic cross section of the reflector on the O 1 X 1 Y 1 coordinate plane of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 is determined; where, The basic section is a basic parabola, the focal length of the basic parabola is the focal length P; the focus of the basic parabola is the position point T; the basic parabola is rotated with the O 1 Y 1 coordinate axis as the rotation axis Form a paraboloid.
  • the equation of the parabola on the first right - handed three - dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 The coordinates on the O 1 X 1 coordinate axis of O 1 z 1 is the coordinate on the O 1 Z 1 coordinate axis of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 .
  • x p is the TX p coordinate value of the projection point (x p , y p ) on the first parabola
  • y p is the TY p coordinate value of the projection point (x p , y p ) on the first parabola; so
  • the range of the pitch angle is the range of the radiation angle of the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic emission source on the TX p Y p coordinate plane.
  • x p is the ultrasonic signal emitted from the position point T emitted at the TX p coordinate value of the projection point (x p , z p ) on the arc of the TX p Z p coordinate plane
  • z p is the coordinate value of the ultrasonic signal emitted from the position point T on the TX p Z p coordinate plane
  • the range of the horizontal angle is the range of the radiation angle
  • the reflector is made into a thin plate with a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ 1 mm, or a non-plate-shaped member with the back and front not parallel.
  • a positioning hole O with a diameter of ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ 0.5 is opened at the center point of the reflector, that is, the center hole.
  • the reflector At the highest point of the reflector, that is, the reflector is in the third right-hand three-dimensional position.
  • a semicircular groove N with a diameter of ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ 2 is opened at the highest point (X N , Y N , 0) of the XOY coordinate plane of the rectangular coordinate system OXYZ.
  • the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is constructed based on the focal length P and the center point of the reflector, wherein the focus is located at the negative value of the OX axis of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ .
  • the parabolic function is used to design the reflector. There is no need to calculate the boundary point positions of the reflective surfaces at each level step by step, thereby reducing the calculation workload and improving work efficiency, making it easier to popularize and apply parabolic reflectors.
  • This embodiment provides a new type of external liquid level meter for vertical tanks, including a liquid level determination module, an ultrasonic signal source locator, and a reflector as described in Embodiment 1.
  • the ultrasonic signal source locator includes an ultrasonic transmitting probe, an ultrasonic transmitting circuit connected to the ultrasonic transmitting probe, an ultrasonic receiving probe, an ultrasonic receiving circuit connected to the ultrasonic receiving probe, and an ultrasonic intensity indicator; wherein, the ultrasonic wave
  • the transmitting probe emits ultrasonic waves from the outside of the vertical tank wall to the tank wall.
  • the ultrasonic receiving probe receives the ultrasonic signal from the inside of the vertical tank side wall.
  • the intensity indication displayed by the ultrasonic intensity indicator is used to find the position with the strongest received ultrasonic signal and determine the ultrasonic wave.
  • the ultrasonic wave emitted by the transmitting probe from the outside of the vertical tank wall passes through the tank wall and forms the position point T of the ultrasonic wave emission source on the inside of the vertical tank wall;
  • the liquid level determination module is composed of an external liquid level meter; the external liquid level measurement The gauge is used to measure the liquid level inside the tank from outside the tank.
  • the external liquid level gauge further includes a support part.
  • the support part is used to install the reflector in the vertical tank to be measured.
  • the support part described in this embodiment can be used to fix the reflector in any way, and it can be said that there are infinite kinds. For example, it uses four support rods, or it is fixed on the side wall of the vertical tank.
  • the support part includes a platform 2; the symmetrical center line of the platform 2 is on the OXY coordinate plane in the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ; wherein, the third The right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is constructed based on the focal length P and the center point of the reflector.
  • the center point of the reflector is at the coordinate origin O(0,0,0) of the third coordinate system OXYZ.
  • the focus is located at the negative value of the OX axis of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ.
  • the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ also includes an OY axis and an OZ axis.
  • the platform 2 is a platform made of a metal sheet, and the reflector 1 is fixed on the platform.
  • point A (X A , Y A , 0) is the OXY coordinate of the reflector and the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ
  • the end of the platform 2 away from the side wall of the vertical tank is located at point M (X M ,0,0) on the third right-handed rectangular coordinate system OXYZ.
  • the platform 2 is equipped with a level along the OX coordinate axis and a level along the OZ coordinate axis. The purpose of installing these two levels is to install the platform 2 parallel to the OXZ coordinate plane.
  • the support part also includes at least three tubular support rods 3 whose lengths are adjustable and fastened with screws, namely the first support rod a, the second support rod b and the third support rod c;
  • the first support rod a, the second support rod b and the third support rod c are connected and fixed to each other through transverse connecting rods.
  • the upper end of the first support rod passes through the vicinity of the semicircular groove M of the support part and the vicinity of the semicircular groove N of the reflector in sequence; the second support rod and the third support rod are respectively located on the first Both sides of the support rod; the upper end of the second support rod and the upper end of the third support rod are fixed on the support part (or point b and point c of the platform 2 shown in Figure 3).
  • the highest point N (X N , Y N , 0) of the reflector 1 on the OXY coordinate plane of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is the semicircular groove N; the semicircular groove M is on the platform the center line of symmetry.
  • the coordinates of the semicircular groove M in the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ are (X M ,0,0).
  • the lower end of the first support rod a, the lower end of the second support rod b and the lower end of the third support rod c are all fixed on the bottom of the vertical tank to be measured.
  • the diverter in the external liquid level gauge refers to the combination of the reflector and the support part, that is, the reflector is fixed on the support part to form the diverter; the diverter is passed through the support rod Installed on the inner wall of the vertical tank to be measured.
  • the diverter needs to be installed on the inner wall of the vertical tank under test by welding, the necessary conditions for installing the diverter are that people can enter the tank and can make fire.
  • the installation position of the diverter a low position in the tank for easy operation, but it cannot enter the layer of liquid residue sediment accumulated at the bottom of the tank to avoid the sediment from impeding the propagation of sound waves. Also avoid upper structural parts to avoid blocking the transmission of sound waves between the diverter and the liquid surface.
  • the diverter can be installed horizontally on the inner wall of the vertical tank under test, as shown in Figure 2.
  • this embodiment provides an installation method.
  • the installation method provided in this embodiment is used to install an external liquid level meter.
  • the method includes:
  • Step 601 Determine the selection area; the selection area includes the space area between the acoustic signal source and the reflector and the space area between the reflector and the liquid level directly above the reflector, wherein the tank to be measured is in the selection area. There are no structures blocking the propagation of ultrasonic signals in the area.
  • Step 602 In the selected area, use the ultrasonic signal source locator to determine the location point of the ultrasonic emission source on the inner wall of the vertical tank to be measured.
  • Step 603 Determine the placement point of the center point of the reflector based on the position point of the ultrasonic emission source and the focal length P.
  • Step 604 Install the reflector according to the installation point, so that the center point of the reflector coincides with the installation point, and the focus of the reflector is the position point of the ultrasonic emission source.
  • the ultrasonic signal source locator includes an ultrasonic transmitting circuit, an ultrasonic transmitting probe, an ultrasonic receiving circuit, an ultrasonic receiving probe, and an ultrasonic intensity indicator connected to the ultrasonic receiving probe.
  • Step 602 specifically includes:
  • Step A Install the acoustic wave emitting probe on a target area on the outer wall of the vertical tank to be measured, and the target area is opposite to the selected area.
  • Step B Install the ultrasonic receiving probe on the inner wall corresponding to the ultrasonic transmitting probe.
  • Step C Adjust the positions of the ultrasonic transmitting probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe through the ultrasonic intensity indicator until the position with the strongest signal is determined; the position with the strongest signal is located in the target area; the position with the strongest signal is the location point of the ultrasonic emission source.
  • Step D Mark the position of the ultrasonic transmitting probe on the outside of the selected vertical tank side wall and the position of the ultrasonic transmitting source on the inside of the vertical tank side wall, and then remove the ultrasonic signal source locator.
  • step 603 specifically includes: fixing the magnetic adsorption end of the focal length ruler at the position of the ultrasonic emission source using magnetic force;
  • the focal length ruler is a straight rod with a length equal to the focal length P, and one end of the focal length ruler is It has a pointed shape and a magnetic base at the other end.
  • the end face of the magnetic base is perpendicular to the axial direction of the focal length ruler; when in use, the magnetic base end of the focal length ruler is adsorbed to the ultrasonic emission source position marked on the inner wall of the vertical tank and installed.
  • Adjust the position of the reflector so that the tip of the focal length ruler is inserted into the small hole at the center point O of the reflector, so that the center point of the reflector is positioned at the placement point. Further include:
  • Step a Fix the adsorption end of the focal length ruler 4 at the position of the ultrasonic emission source.
  • the focal length ruler 4 includes a magnetic base, an adsorption end, a pointed end, and a scale rod connecting the adsorption end and the pointed end.
  • the adsorption end is fixed perpendicularly to the inner wall of the vertical tank on a magnetic base, and the position of the magnetic base is the position point of the ultrasonic emission source.
  • Step b Using the length of the focal length ruler 4 as the focal length P, determine the location of the pointed end of the focal length ruler 4 as the placement point of the center point of the reflector.
  • step 604 install the reflector according to the placement point of the center point of the reflector 1, and move the reflector so that the pointed end of the focal length ruler is aligned with and enters the center point of the reflector.
  • the length of the focal length ruler is a fixed focal length P
  • aligning the pointed end of the focal length ruler with the center point of the reflector simply realizes that the center point O of the reflector is on the coordinate axis TX P precise positioning.
  • step 604 installing the reflector 1 according to the installation point specifically includes:
  • Step 1 Install the reflector 1 on the support part according to the installation point.
  • Step 2 Adjust the pitch angle and horizontal angle of the reflector so that the pitch angle ⁇ of the reflector is 0 degrees and the horizontal angle is 0 degrees, thus making the two mutually perpendicular levels on the support part horizontal.
  • the distance between the reflector and the side wall of the vertical tank is required.
  • the focal length P should be selected relatively large, such as 1000 mm or larger.
  • a laser ranging calibrator can be used.
  • Adsorb and fix the magnetic base of the laser ranging calibrator to the position of the ultrasonic emission source adjust the positions of the reflector and the platform, so that the laser emitted by the laser ranging calibrator is emitted at point O of the reflector, and the distance is displayed. equal to the focal length P. Then adjust the pitch angle and horizontal angle of the reflector and platform so that the pitch angle ⁇ of the reflector is 0 degrees and the horizontal angle is 0 degrees, thus making the two mutually perpendicular levels on the support part horizontal.
  • Step 2 further includes:
  • Step 21 Install a flat reflective plate 6 horizontally directly above the reflector 1; a level is installed on each of the two mutually perpendicular edges of the flat reflective plate 6 to adjust the flat reflective plate 6 so that it is horizontal. .
  • the flat reflector 6 can be fixedly installed on the floating roof directly above the reflector.
  • the flat reflective plate 6 is temporarily installed on the temporary bracket on the top of the reflector. After the deflector reflector is calibrated with a laser ranging scanner, the flat reflective plate 6 is removed.
  • Step 22 Attach the magnetic base of the laser ranging calibrator to the position of the ultrasonic emission source, and use the scanning function of the laser ranging calibrator to adjust the position of the reflector 1 so that the laser ranging calibrator emits
  • the laser is emitted at the center point of the reflector, and the distance displayed by the laser ranging calibrator is equal to the focal length P, so that the pitch angle ⁇ of the reflector is 0 degrees, and the horizontal angle is 0 degrees, thus making the two mutually perpendicular levels on the support part horizontal.
  • the scanning function of the laser ranging calibrator is used to scan the emitted laser into a cross line or other pattern, and is reflected by the flat reflective plate 6 arranged above the platform and adjusted to be horizontal. Whether the reflected signal is focused on the ultrasonic emission source , and forms a small circular light point to determine whether the shape and installation of the reflector are very accurate, including:
  • the graphic signal is reflected by the flat reflective plate 6 arranged above the reflector 1 and adjusted to be horizontal, and is focused near the ultrasonic emission source to form a small circular light spot.
  • the graphic signal is a scanning cross line or other graphics.
  • the shape of the pattern signal focused near the ultrasonic emission source adjust the pitch angle, horizontal angle, shape and installation position of the reflector so that the pattern signal near the ultrasonic emission source becomes a circular pattern as small as possible.
  • step 2 another simple method to adjust the steering gear installation angle so that the pitch angle and horizontal angle of the reflector are both equal to 0 degrees is to hang the hook at one end of the weight line 5 on the semicircular groove N at the highest point of the reflector. , let the weight droop freely, adjust the pitch angle ⁇ of the reflector in the TXY coordinate plane of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ, and the level in the TXZ coordinate plane of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ horn Make the weight line 5 enter the semicircular groove M of the platform, and the weight line 5 does not contact the edge of the semicircular groove M. Adjust the pitch angle and horizontal angle of the reflector so that the two on the support part are installed perpendicularly to each other. When the spirit level is level, the precise angular positioning of the reflective surface platform can be easily completed.
  • the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is constructed based on the focal length P and the center point of the reflector, and the reflector is on the OXY coordinate plane of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ.
  • the highest point (X N , Y N , 0) is the semicircular groove N; the coordinate of the semicircular groove M in the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is (X N ,0,0).
  • the power-assisted holder is composed of a NdFeB magnet installed at each end, and the two ends are connected by elastic bands.
  • the reflector 1 after installing the reflector 1 according to the installation point, it also includes:
  • the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is constructed based on the focal length P and the center point of the reflector.
  • the reflector is on the XOY coordinate plane of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ.
  • the highest point (X N , Y N , 0) is the semicircular groove N; the coordinate of the semicircular groove M in the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is (X N ,0,0).
  • a power-assisted holder can be used.
  • the power-assisted holder consists of two NdFeB magnet blocks and a rubber band connecting the two magnets.
  • one NdFeB magnet of the booster holder is attracted to point A of the platform 2, and one NdFeB magnet on the other end is attracted to the lower part of the focus T on the inside of the tank wall.
  • the focal length ruler vertically attached to the side wall is not guaranteed to be accurately horizontal, nor is it guaranteed to be accurately perpendicular to the side wall of the vertical tank.
  • the focal length ruler 4 or the laser ranging scanner is used to ensure that the distance between the reflector center point O and the ultrasonic emission source T on the inner wall of the vertical tank is accurately equal to the focal length P, then use the mutually vertical installation on the platform 2 of the diverter level, and then use the laser ranging scanner to finely adjust the angle of the reflector and the shape of the reflective surface, so that the laser emitted from the laser ranging scanner is reflected upward through the reflector 1 to the horizontally installed flat reflective plate 6, and then reflected The shape of the light spot reflected back to the ultrasonic emission source T by the reflector 1 is a small round point, so that the pitch angle error and horizontal angle error of the focal length ruler do not affect the reflector 1 to accurately reflect and focus the ultras
  • the external liquid level meter When the external liquid level meter is working, its ultrasonic probe is installed on the outer wall of the vertical tank to be measured, and the ultrasonic probe forms an ultrasonic emission source on the inner wall of the vertical tank to be measured; the position point of the ultrasonic emission source is also the focus of the reflector; ultrasonic waves
  • the acoustic signal emitted by the emission source is emitted to the reflector. After being reflected by the reflector, it is emitted parallel to the preset direction. After being reflected by the liquid surface of the measured vertical tank, it can return along the original path and then be received by the external liquid level meter.
  • the external liquid level meter determines the liquid level position of the measured vertical tank based on the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic probe and the acoustic signal received by the ultrasonic probe.
  • the reflector provided by this application does not need to calculate the boundary point positions of the reflective surfaces at each level step by step, so that the rays emitted from the focus to the front in any direction can be emitted parallel to the preset direction after being reflected by the reflector, that is, The purpose of reducing calculation workload and improving work efficiency is achieved.
  • this embodiment provides a determination method for determining the reflector described in Embodiment 1, which is used to reflect the acoustic wave signal emitted by the ultrasonic emission source.
  • the determination method includes:
  • Step 701 Determine a reference line segment; one end point of the reference line segment is a position point T, and the length of the reference line segment is equal to the focal length P of the reflector; the position point T is the position of the ultrasonic wave emission source.
  • the focal length P is artificially selected based on the diameter D of the vertical tank being measured.
  • the selection principle is that the focal length P is less than or equal to D/2.
  • the horizontal section in the vertical tank where the reference line segment is located is the standard surface of the vertical tank to be measured; the focal length P is less than or equal to the radius of the standard surface.
  • the principle of determining the focal length P is from above the reflective surface to the liquid surface or floating on
  • ultrasonic waves such as pipes and beams
  • the structural parts inside the vertical tank with a large diameter are relatively large, and the reflective surface needs to be farther away from the side wall.
  • the focal length P of the paraboloid of the selected reflector must be larger.
  • the focal length P can be selected About 1000 mm.
  • the reflector is larger than the manhole with a diameter of 600 mm in the vertical tank, the reflector needs to be disassembled and processed into several parts, which are sent through the manhole to the vertical tank and then accurately assembled into a reflector.
  • Step 702 Based on the focal length P and the position point T, construct a first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 , a second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX P Y P Z P and a third right-handed three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system OXYZ, see Figure 1.
  • the position point T is at the positive value of the O 1 Y 1 coordinate axis of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1
  • the origin of the coordinate system O 1 The coordinate origin of Z P , the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p is the positive coordinate axis of O 1 Y 1 along the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 value direction, obtained by translating the length of line segment O 1 T; the TY p coordinate axis of the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p and the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1
  • the O 1 Y 1 coordinate axis of Z 1 coincides with the TX p coordinate axis of the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p and the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1
  • the coordinate origin O of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is at the positive value of the TX p coordinate axis of the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p , and the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system
  • the coordinate origin O of OXYZ is the other endpoint of the reference line segment; the length of the line segment TO is equal to the focal length P, and the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is along the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z
  • the positive direction of the TX p coordinate axis of p is obtained by translating the length of the line segment TO; the position point T is located at the negative value of the OX axis of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ; the third right-handed three-dimensional
  • the OX coordinate axis of the rectangular coordinate system OXYZ coincides with the TX p coordinate axis of the second right-
  • Step 703 According to the position point T and the focal length P, determine the basic cross-section of the reflector on the O 1 X 1 Y 1 coordinate plane of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 ;
  • the basic section is a basic parabola
  • the focal length of the basic parabola is the focal length P
  • the focus of the basic parabola is the position point T
  • the basic parabola uses the coordinate axis O 1 Y 1 as the rotation axis The paraboloid formed after rotation.
  • Step 704 According to the form of the equation of the parabola in the second right - handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p , determine the TX p of the reflector in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p The first section on the Y p coordinate plane; wherein, referring to Figure 8(a), the first section is the first parabola; the focal length of the first parabola is the focal length P; the focus of the first parabola is the Location point T.
  • Step 705 Determine the TX p of the reflector in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p according to the form of the equation of the parabola in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p
  • the second cross section on the Z p coordinate plane wherein, see Figure 8(b), the second cross section is an arc, the center of the arc is the position point T, and the radius of the arc is the focal length P.
  • Step 706 According to the form of the equation of the parabola in the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ, determine the third cross-section of the reflector in the OYZ coordinate plane of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ; wherein, the The third section is the second parabola.
  • the edge shape of the reflector's reflective surface can be selected arbitrarily according to the specific situation and is not unique. For example, in order to install the reflector into the vertical tank through the manhole (that is, a round hole with a diameter of less than 600 mm and a sealed cover reserved on the side wall of the vertical tank for construction workers to enter the inside of the vertical tank) ,
  • the reflector needs to be made into a long strip with a width less than 600 mm.
  • the reflective surface can be processed into an ellipse to reduce the mold area. See Figure 9.
  • the projection of the reflective surface from the ultrasonic emission source T along the TX P coordinate axis to the direction of point O is: The left view is circular, and the top view downward from the OY coordinate axis is also circular.
  • Step 707 Determine a parabolic reflector based on the basic section, the first section, the second section and the third section; wherein the center point of the parabolic reflector is the coordinate origin. O.
  • the focus of the parabolic reflector is the position point T, and the focal length of the parabolic reflector is the focal length P.
  • the projection of the reflector along the TX P axis direction is a rectangle, and the projections of the upper and lower edges along the TY P axis direction are arcs.
  • Any ray TD emitted from the focus T with an emission angle ⁇ >0 degrees, the ray DP reflected by the reflector, shoots vertically upward towards point P on the horizontal liquid surface, and any ray TO with an emission angle ⁇ 0 degrees, after The ray OP 0 reflected by the reflector shoots vertically upward toward the point P 0 on the horizontal liquid surface.
  • Any ray TD 1 with an emission angle ⁇ 0 degrees, the ray D 1 P 1 reflected by the reflector shoots vertically upward.
  • Point P 1 of the horizontal liquid level The reflected rays PD, P 0 O and P 1 D 1 after reflection by the liquid surface all shoot vertically downward towards the reflector, and the rays DT, OT and D 1 T after reflection by the reflector all shoot towards the focus T. Therefore, the characteristic of the reflector is that the rays emitted from the focus T in any direction forward will be emitted in a direction parallel to the TY P axis after being reflected by the reflector.
  • the reflector designed using the parabolic function method in this embodiment can achieve the purpose of reflecting all rays emitted from the focus in any direction forward to the parallel direction, significantly reducing the design calculation workload and improving efficiency.
  • x 1 is the X 1 coordinate of the coordinate plane O 1 X 1 Y 1
  • y 1 is the Y 1 coordinate of the coordinate plane O 1 X 1 Y 1 .
  • the parabola of the basic section rotates with the coordinate axis O 1 Y 1 as the rotation axis to form a parabola; the angle range of the parabola rotated along the coordinate axis O 1 Y 1 is the horizontal angle range.
  • the equation of the paraboloid in the first right - handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 The coordinates of the O 1 X 1 coordinate axis of the system O 1 1 is the coordinate of the O 1 Z 1 coordinate axis of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 ; the paraboloid passes through the first right-handed three - dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1
  • the coordinate origin is (0,0,0).
  • the parabola passes through the (P,0,0) point, (-P,0,0) point, (0,-P/2,0) point, (0,-P/2,0) point of the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX P Y P Z P , ( 0,0,P) point, (0,0,-P) point.
  • the paraboloid passes through the origin (0.0,0) of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system.
  • the data table of the first cross-section parabola can be calculated from the first parabola function, see Appendix 1.
  • the paraboloid passes through the origin (0,0,0) of the third right-handed rectangular coordinate system; according to the parabolic function in the third right-handed rectangular coordinate system, the value corresponding to each set of (x, z) values is calculated
  • the y value is listed as a parabolic data table. According to this data table, the parabolic reflector processing mold is processed to manufacture the parabolic reflector.
  • the pitch angle range is the range of the radiation angle ⁇ of the ultrasonic signal emitted from the position point T along the TX p direction on the TX p Y p coordinate plane.
  • the pitch angle ⁇ art (y p /x p ), see Figure 8(a) and Appendix Table 1;
  • the horizontal angle range is the ultrasonic signal emitted from the position point T along the TX P coordinate direction on the TX P Z P coordinate plane Radiation angle range, horizontal angle See Figure 8(b).
  • the data table of the first parabola of the parabolic reflecting surface in Appendix 1 can be calculated, in millimeters.
  • the range of the pitch angle and the range of the horizontal angle are determined based on actual conditions and work requirements; there is no structure blocking the propagation of ultrasonic signals between the parabolic reflector and the liquid level of the vertical tank to be measured; so The focal length P is less than or equal to the radius of the measured vertical tank.
  • the range of the pitch angle and the range of the horizontal angle are determined based on actual conditions and work requirements; there is no barrier between the parabolic reflector and the liquid level of the measured vertical tank that blocks the propagation of ultrasonic signals. Structure; the focal length P is less than or equal to the radius of the measured vertical tank.
  • the range of the pitch angle ⁇ in this embodiment is approximately -82° ⁇ 61°; the range of the horizontal angle is approximately -80° ⁇ 80°.
  • Pitch angle ⁇ and horizontal angle The larger the value range, the more acoustic signals emitted by the ultrasonic emission source covered by the reflector, the stronger the liquid surface reflection wave received by the ultrasonic probe, and the more accurate the liquid level height measured by the external liquid level meter. The higher the viscosity of the liquid, the wider its application range.
  • the pitch angle ⁇ When the pitch angle ⁇ is close to 90°, the height value of the reflector is close to ⁇ , which cannot be achieved. When the maximum value is 61°, it covers enough ultrasonic signals emitted upward. The negative value of the pitch angle ⁇ , when the maximum value is -82°, covers enough sound wave signals emitted downward. Horizont Angle The value is -80° or 80°, the reflector is close to the tank wall in the horizontal direction, and the reflector can be fixed on the tank wall through the connector.
  • the method provided by this embodiment also includes: if the tank wall at the location where the probe of the measured vertical tank is installed is in an inclined state, adjust and select a suitable part of the paraboloid as the reflecting surface of the parabolic reflector, and then finally determine
  • the reflectors required to measure the vertical tank to be measured include:
  • the area where the parabolic reflector can receive ultrasonic waves is retained, and the area where ultrasonic waves are received is determined as the reflector required to measure the vertical tank to be measured.
  • the upper part of the surface where the probe is installed on the outer wall of the vertical tank to be measured tilts toward the outside of the vertical tank, the direction of the rays emitted by the ultrasonic emission source is upward, and the upper area of the parabolic reflector is determined to be the vertical tank to be measured. Reflector required for the tank.
  • the left side of the surface where the probe is installed on the outer wall of the measured vertical tank is tilted toward the outside of the vertical tank, the direction of the rays emitted by the ultrasonic emission source is to the left, and the left area of the determined parabolic reflector is determined to be the The reflector required for the measured vertical tank; wherein the left area is located at the negative value of the OZ axis.
  • the direction of the rays emitted by the ultrasonic emission source is to the right, and the right area of the determined parabolic reflector is determined to be the The reflector required for the measured vertical tank; the right area is located at the positive value of the OZ axis.
  • this embodiment provides a determination system for determining a reflector used to reflect the acoustic wave signal emitted by the ultrasonic emission source.
  • the determination system includes:
  • the reference line segment determination module 100 is used to determine the reference line segment; one end point of the reference line segment is the position point T, and the length of the reference line segment is equal to the focal length P of the reflector; the position point T is the ultrasonic emission point The location of the source.
  • the coordinate system construction module 200 is used to construct a first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 and a second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX P Y P Z P based on the focal length P and the position point T.
  • the position point T is at the positive value of the O 1 Y 1 coordinate axis of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 , and the line segment O 1
  • the length of T is equal to half of the focal length P;
  • the position point T is the coordinate origin of the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX P Y P Z P , and the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p is obtained by translating the length of the line segment O 1 T along the positive direction of the O 1 Y 1 coordinate axis of the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 ;
  • the coordinate origin O of the rectangular coordinate system OXYZ is at the positive value of the TX p coordinate axis of the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p , and the coordinate origin O
  • the basic section determination module 300 is used to determine the O 1 X 1 Y 1 coordinate plane of the reflector in the first right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 according to the position point T and the focal length P
  • the basic section on The coordinate axis is a paraboloid formed by rotating the axis of rotation.
  • the first cross-section determination module 400 is used to determine the shape of the reflector in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y according to the equation of the parabola in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p
  • the second cross-section determination module 500 is used to determine the shape of the reflector in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y according to the equation of the parabola in the second right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system TX p Y p Z p
  • the third cross-section determination module 600 is used to determine the third position of the reflector in the OYZ coordinate plane of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ according to the equation of the parabola in the form of the third right-handed three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system OXYZ.
  • Section wherein, the third section is a second parabola; the focal length of the second parabola is the focal length P; and the focus of the second parabola is the position point T.
  • Reflector determination module 700 configured to determine a parabolic reflector according to the basic section, the first section, the second section and the third section; wherein, the center point of the parabolic reflector is the coordinate origin O, the focus of the parabolic reflector is the position point T, and the focal length of the parabolic reflector is the focal length P.
  • the liquid level to be measured is horizontal, it is necessary that the specified direction A of the sound wave emitted after being reflected by the diverter is vertically upward toward the horizontal liquid surface. Therefore, the reference line segment is a horizontal straight line segment perpendicular to the specified direction A. Therefore, the coordinate axis O 1 X 1 of the established first right-handed rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 is parallel to the reference line segment, and the direction of the coordinate axis O 1
  • the reference line segment is a straight line segment perpendicular to the specified direction A.
  • the coordinate axis O 1 X 1 of the first right-handed rectangular coordinate system O 1 X 1 Y 1 Z 1 is parallel to the reference line segment, and the direction of the coordinate axis O 1
  • the reflector paraboloid equation represented by the three-dimensional right-handed rectangular coordinate system used in the present invention can also be transformed into a three-dimensional right-handed polar coordinate system through ordinary coordinate conversion.
  • the present invention uses a parabolic function to calculate and determine the reflector under a reduced applicable range where the reflection direction is a parallel direction, and can easily calculate the reflective surface data with arbitrary accuracy requirements, eliminating the time of drawing to verify the correctness of the calculated numbers. It reduces the design calculation workload, shortens the design time, improves production efficiency, and effectively achieves the purpose of measuring the liquid level of the vertical tank from the side wall with an external liquid level meter. It is more practical and easier to be widely used.

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Abstract

一种确定方法、系统、反射器、立罐外测液位计及安装方法，该立罐外测液位计在工作时，其超声波发射探头安装在被测立罐的外壁上，超声波发射探头发射的超声波信号穿透立罐侧壁并在立罐内壁处产生超声波发射源；超声波发射源的位置点同时为反射器的焦点；超声波发射源发射的超声波信号发射到反射器上，经反射器反射后，平行于预设方向射出，并经过被测立罐液面后按照原路返回到超声波发射源位置，然后穿透立罐侧壁，被安装在立罐侧壁外的立罐外测液位计的测量头接收；立罐外测液位计根据发射的超声波信号和接收的超声波信号确定被测立罐的液面位置。

Description

确定方法、系统、反射器、立罐外测液位计及其安装方法
本申请要求于2022年04月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210413513.0、发明名称为“确定方法、系统、反射器、立罐外测液位计及其安装方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及液位测量技术领域，特别是涉及一种反射器的确定方法、确定系统、反射器、立罐外测液位计及其安装方法。
背景技术
现有外测液位计中的反射面的设计过程为：采用几何作图计算方法设计N级反射面的每一级，然后逐级计算出各级反射面边界点位置，再根据N级反射面边界点位置设计反射面。该反射面能够把超声波测量头发射的任意方向射线反射至任意指定方向，应用范围广泛。但是该反射面在设计过程中，没有具体的计算公式，工作复杂且工作量很大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种确定方法、系统、反射器、立罐外测液位计及其安装方法，在不需要逐级计算出各级反射面边界点位置的基础上设计反射器，达到减少计算工作量，提高工作效率的目的。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：
第一方面，本发明提供了一种确定方法，用于确定反射器，所述反射器用于反射超声波发射源所发射的超声波信号，所述确定方法包括：
确定参考线段；所述参考线段其中的一端点为位置点T，所述参考线段的长度等于所述反射器的焦距P；所述位置点T为所述超声波发射源的位置；
基于所述焦距P和所述位置点T，构建第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1、第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P和第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ；其中，所述位置点T在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值 处，线段O 1T的长度等于所述焦距P的一半；所述位置点T为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P的坐标原点，所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p是沿着所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段O 1T的长度后得到的；所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值处，且所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O为所述参考线段的另一端点；线段TO的长度等于焦距P，所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ是沿着所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段TO的长度后得到的；所述位置点T位于所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OX轴的负值处；
根据所述位置点T和所述焦距P，确定反射器在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1Y 1坐标面上的基础截面；其中，所述基础截面为一基础抛物线，所述基础抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述基础抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；所述基础抛物线以所述O 1Y 1坐标轴为旋转轴进行旋转后形成抛物面；
根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式，确定反射器在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pY p坐标面上的第一截面；其中，所述第一截面为第一抛物线；所述第一抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述第一抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；
根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式，确定反射器在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pZ p坐标面上的第二截面；所述第二截面为一圆弧；所述圆弧的半径为焦距P；所述圆弧的圆心为所述位置点T；
根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的形式，确定反射器在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OYZ坐标面的第三截面；其中，所述第三截面为第二抛物线；所述第二抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述第二抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；
根据所述基础截面、所述第一截面、所述第二截面和所述第三截面确定抛物面型的反射器；其中，所述抛物面型的反射器的中心点为所述坐标原点O，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦点为所述位置点T，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦距为所述焦 距P。
第二方面，本发明提供了一种确定系统，用于确定反射器，所述反射器用于反射超声波发射源所发射的超声波信号，所述确定系统包括：
参考线段确定模块，用于确定参考线段；所述参考线段其中的一端点为位置点T，所述参考线段的长度等于所述反射器的焦距P；所述位置点T为所述超声波发射源的位置；
坐标系构建模块，用于基于所述焦距P和所述位置点T，构建第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1、第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P和第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ；其中，所述位置点T在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值处，线段O 1T的长度等于所述焦距P的一半；所述位置点T为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P的坐标原点，所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p是沿着所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段O 1T的长度后得到的；所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值处，且所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O为所述参考线段的另一端点；线段TO的长度等于焦距P，所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ是沿着所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段TO的长度后得到的；所述位置点T位于所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OX轴的负值处；
基础截面确定模块，用于根据所述位置点T和所述焦距P，确定反射器在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1Y 1坐标面上的基础截面；其中，所述基础截面为一基础抛物线，所述基础抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述基础抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；所述基础抛物线以所述O 1Y 1坐标轴为旋转轴进行旋转后形成抛物面；
第一截面确定模块，用于根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式，确定反射器在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pY p坐标面上的第一截面；其中，所述第一截面为第一抛物线；所述第一抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述第一抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；
第二截面确定模块，用于根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐 标系TX pY pZ p的形式，确定反射器在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pZ p坐标面上的第二截面；所述第二截面为一圆弧；所述圆弧的半径为焦距P；所述圆弧的圆心为所述位置点T；
第三截面确定模块，用于根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的形式，确定反射器在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OYZ坐标面的第三截面；其中，所述第三截面为第二抛物线；所述第二抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述第二抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；
反射器确定模块，用于根据所述基础截面、所述第一截面、所述第二截面和所述第三截面确定抛物面型的反射器；其中，所述抛物面型的反射器的中心点为所述坐标原点O，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦点为所述位置点T，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦距为所述焦距P。
第三方面，本发明提供了一种第一方面所述的反射器的确定方法所确定的反射器，所述反射器用于反射超声波发射源所发射的超声波信号；
所述反射器为抛物面型的反射器；所述抛物面型的反射器的中心点为所述坐标原点O，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦点为所述位置点T，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦距为所述焦距P；
所述反射器的中心点在所述第三右手直角坐标系坐标系OXYZ上的坐标为坐标原点O(0,0,0)；所述反射器的中心点在所述第二右手直角坐标系TX pY pZ p上的坐标为(P,0,0)，所述反射器的中心点在所述第一右手直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1上的坐标为(P,P/2,0)；
其中，在第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1、第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P和第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的抛物面的方程用于形成抛物面的数据表(x,y,z)，并根据抛物面的(x,y,z)的数据表制造抛物面型的反射器。
第四方面，本发明提供了一种立罐外测液位计，包括液位确定模块、超声波信号源定位器，以及，如第三方面所述的反射器；
所述超声波信号源定位器包括超声波发射探头、与所述超声波发射探头相连的超声波发射电路、超声波接收探头和与所述超声波接收探头连接的超声波接收电路以及超声波强度指示器；其中，所述超声波发射探头从立罐壁外侧向罐壁发射超声波，所述超声波接收探头从立罐侧壁内侧接收超声波信号，利用 超声波强度指示器显示的强度指示寻找接收到的超声波信号最强的位置，确定超声波发射探头从立罐壁外侧发射的超声波穿过罐壁后在立罐壁内侧形成的超声波发射源的位置点T；
所述液位确定模块由外测液位计构成；所述外测液位计用于从立罐外测量罐内的液位高度。
第五方面，本发明提供了一种安装方法，用于安装第四方面所述的立罐外测液位计，包括：
确定选择区域；其中，被测立罐在所述选择区域的正上方到所述被测立罐的液面之间没有阻挡超声波信号传播的结构；
在所述选择区域内，利用超声波信号源定位器确定被测立罐内壁上的超声波发射源的位置点；
根据所述超声波发射源的位置点和所述焦距P，确定反射器的中心点的安置点；
根据所述安置点安装所述反射器，以令所述反射器的中心点与所述安置点重合，并且所述反射器的焦点为所述超声波发射源的位置点。
根据本发明提供的具体实施例，本发明公开了以下技术效果：
本发明利用抛物面函数设计立罐外测液位计的反射器，立罐外测液位计在工作时，其超声波发射探头安装在被测立罐的外壁上，超声波发射探头发射的超声波穿透立罐侧壁并在被测立罐内壁处产生超声波发射源；超声波发射源的位置点同时为反射器的焦点；超声波发射源发射的声波信号发射到反射器上，经反射器反射后，都平行于预设方向射出，并经过被测立罐液面反射后可按照原路返回到超声波发射源位置，然后穿透立罐侧壁被安装在立罐侧壁外的外测液位计的测量头接收；外测液位计根据发射的超声波信号和接收的超声波信号确定被测立罐的液面位置。显然，本申请提供的反射器，不需要逐级计算出各级反射面边界点位置，就能满足从焦点向前方任意方向发出的射线，经反射器反射后都平行于预设方向射出，即达到了减少计算工作量，提高工作效率的目的。
说明书附图
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施 例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明反射器的结构示意图；
图2为本发明立罐外测液位计的实物图；
图3为本发明反射器安装在平台上时的结构示意图；图3(a)为整体结构示意图；图3(b)为正视图；图3(c)为俯视图；
图4为本发明转向器的结构示意图；
图5为本发明转向器实物安装示意图；
图6为本发明外测液位计安装方法的流程示意图；
图7为本发明反射器确定方法的流程示意图；
图8(a)为本发明第一截面示意图；
图8(b)为本发明第二截面示意图；
图9为本发明圆形反射器截面图；
图10为本发明反射器确定系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种确定方法、系统、反射器、立罐外测液位计及其安装方法，在不需要逐级计算出各级反射面边界点位置的基础上设计反射器，达到减少计算工作量，提高工作效率的目的。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
为了让立罐外测液位计可以从立罐侧壁外便捷地测量出立罐的液位，本发明提供了如图1所示的反射器，能使从外测液位计探头发射的各方向散射超声波信号，经反射器反射后平行垂直射向立罐液面。
实施例一
如图1所示，本实施例提供了一种利用抛物面函数设计的立罐外测液位计的反射器，即提供了一种抛物面型的反射器。
所述反射器为抛物面型的反射器；所述抛物面型的反射器的中心点为所述坐标原点O，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦点为所述位置点T，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦距为所述焦距P。
所述反射器的中心点在所述第三右手直角坐标系坐标系OXYZ上的坐标为坐标原点O(0,0,0)；所述反射器的中心点在所述第二右手直角坐标系TX pY pZ p上的坐标为(P,0,0)，所述反射器的中心点在所述第一右手直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1上的坐标为(P,P/2,0)。
在第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1、第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P和第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的抛物面的方程用于形成抛物面的数据表(x,y,z)，并根据抛物面的(x,y,z)的数据表制造抛物面型的反射器。
其中，所述位置点T在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值处，线段O 1T的长度等于所述焦距P的一半；所述位置点T为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P的坐标原点，所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p是沿着所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段O 1T的长度后得到的；所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值处，且所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O为所述参考线段的另一端点；线段TO的长度等于焦距P，所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ是沿着所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段TO的长度后得到的；所述位置点T位于所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OX轴的负值处。
根据所述位置点T和所述焦距P，确定反射器在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1Y 1坐标面上的基础截面；其中，所述基础截面为一基础抛物线，所述基础抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述基础抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；所述基础抛物线以所述O 1Y 1坐标轴为旋转轴进行旋转后形成抛物面。
在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1Y 1坐标面上的所述基 础抛物线的方程为x 1 2＝2Py 1；其中，x 1为O 1X 1Y 1坐标面的X 1坐标，y 1为O 1X 1Y 1坐标面的Y 1坐标。
在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1上所述抛物面的方程为x 1 2+z 1 2＝2Py 1；其中，x 1为所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1坐标轴上的坐标，y 1为所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴上的坐标，z 1为所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Z 1坐标轴上的坐标。
所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式为x p 2+z p 2＝2P(y p+P/2)；其中，x p为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴上的坐标，y p为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TY p坐标轴上的坐标，z p为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TZ p坐标轴上的坐标；
所述抛物面的方程在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的形式为(x+P) 2+z 2＝2Py+P 2；其中，x为所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OX坐标轴上的坐标，y为所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OY坐标轴上的坐标，z为所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OZ坐标轴上的坐标。
所述第一抛物线的方程为x p 2＝2Py p+P 2；在所述第一截面上，所述超声波发射源从所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pY p坐标面的坐标原点T，射向抛物面型的反射器的反射面的第一抛物线上任一点(x p,y p)的俯仰角为θ＝art(y p/x p)；其中，x p为所述第一抛物线上的投射点(x p,y p)的TX p坐标值，y p为所述第一抛物线上的投射点(x p,y p)的TY p坐标值；所述俯仰角的范围是所述超声波发射源发射的超声波信号在所述TX pY p坐标面上的辐射角度的范围。
所述圆弧的方程为x p 2+z p 2＝P 2；所述超声波发射源从所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的坐标原点T，射向抛物面型的反射器的反射面的所述圆弧上任一点(x p,z p)的水平角为θ＝art(z p/x p)；其中，x p为从位置点T发射的超声波信号射在所述TX pZ p坐标面的所述圆弧上的投射点(x p,z p)的TX p坐标值，z p为从位置点T发射的超声波信号射在所述TX pZ p坐标面的所述圆弧上的投射点(x p,z p)的TZ p坐标值；所述水平角的范围是超声波发射源发射的超声波信号在所述TX pZ p坐标面上的辐射角度的范围；所述第二抛物线的方程为z 2＝2Py，所述第二抛物线在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OYZ坐标 面上。
反射器是用声阻抗远大于所测量液体的声阻抗的钢、黄铜等材料制成；例如，液体的声阻抗是1，钢的声阻抗是45，在液体中的声反射率是1-1/45＝97.8％。为了防止反射器正面的反射波与背面的反射波造成的干扰，将反射器做成厚度0.5∽1毫米的薄板，或者背面与正面不平行的非板形构件。为了后续安装方便，在反射器的中心点处开设有一个直径Ф0.3∽Ф0.5的定位孔O，即中心孔，在反射器的最高点处也就是反射器在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的XOY坐标面的截面的最高点(X N,Y N,0)处开设有一个直径Ф0.5∽Ф2的半圆槽N。
所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ是基于所述焦距P和所述反射器的中心点构建的，其中，所述焦点位于所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OX轴的负值处。
本实施例利用抛物面函数来设计反射器，无需逐级计算出各级反射面边界点位置，达到减少计算工作量，提高工作效率的目的，使抛物面型的反射器易于推广应用。
实施例二
请参见图2，本实施例提供了一种新型的立罐外测液位计，包括液位确定模块、超声波信号源定位器，以及，如实施例一所述的反射器。
所述超声波信号源定位器包括超声波发射探头、与所述超声波发射探头相连的超声波发射电路、超声波接收探头和与所述超声波接收探头连接的超声波接收电路以及超声波强度指示器；其中，所述超声波发射探头从立罐壁外侧向罐壁发射超声波，所述超声波接收探头从立罐侧壁内侧接收超声波信号，利用超声波强度指示器显示的强度指示寻找接收到的超声波信号最强的位置，确定超声波发射探头从立罐壁外侧发射的超声波穿过罐壁后在立罐壁内侧形成的超声波发射源的位置点T；所述液位确定模块由外测液位计构成；所述外测液位计用于从罐外测量罐内的液位高度。
实施例三
在实施例二的基础上，该外测液位计还包括支撑部。所述支撑部用于将所述反射器安装在被测立罐内。
本实施例所述的支撑部，能固定反射器的任何方式都可以，可以说有无穷 多种。例如用4根支撑杆的，又例如固定在立罐侧壁上的。
一个示例中：如图3所示，所述支撑部包括平台2；所述平台2的对称中心线在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ中的OXY坐标面上；其中，所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ是基于所述焦距P和所述反射器的中心点构建的，所述反射器的中心点在所述第三坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O(0,0,0)。
其中，所述焦点位于所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OX轴的负值处。此外，该第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的还包括OY轴和OZ轴。
平台2为一金属薄板制成的平台，反射器1固定在平台上。
平台2靠近立罐侧壁一端的bc圆弧边与反射器1的下端重合，这里A(X A,Y A,0)点是反射器与所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OXY坐标面的截面的抛物线的下端点。平台2远离立罐侧壁的一端位于第三右手直角坐标系OXYZ上的M(X M,0,0)点。平台的M(X M,0,0)点处开有一直径为Ф0.5∽Ф1的半圆槽M。平台2上装有沿OX坐标轴方向的水平仪，和沿OZ坐标轴方向的水平仪。安装此两个水平仪的目的是让平台2安装的与OXZ坐标面平行。
进一步地，该所述支撑部至少还包括3个长度可调且用螺钉紧固的管形支撑杆3，分别为第一支撑杆a、第二支撑杆b和第三支撑杆c；所述第一支撑杆a、所述第二支撑杆b和所述第三支撑杆c之间通过横向连接杆互相连接固定。
所述第一支撑杆上端依次从所述支撑部的半圆槽M附近、所述反射器的半圆槽N附近穿过；所述第二支撑杆、所述第三支撑杆分别位于所述第一支撑杆的两侧；所述第二支撑杆的上端和所述第三支撑杆的上端均固定在所述支撑部(或者图3所示的平台2的b点和c点)上。
所述反射器1在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OXY坐标面上的最高点N(X N,Y N,0)为所述半圆槽N；所述半圆槽M在所述平台的对称中心线上。所述半圆槽M在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ下的坐标为(X M,0,0)。
工作时，所述第一支撑杆a的下端、所述第二支撑杆b的下端和所述第三支撑杆c的下端均固定在所述被测立罐的底部。
另一示例中：对于无法在罐底安装反射器的工况，例如，1、当被测立罐底部无法安装反射器时；2、当在香肠形罐使用立罐外测液位计，罐内有其他 设备遮挡或椭圆形罐底弧度较大，即反射器无法安装于立罐底部，此时需把转向器的支撑杆固定在立罐侧壁上。
如图4所示，该外测液位计中的转向器是指反射器与支撑部的组合整体，即所述反射器固定所述支撑部上构成所述转向器；把转向器通过支撑杆安装在所述被测立罐的内侧壁上。
由于转向器需要用焊接的方式安装在被测立罐的内侧壁上，所以安装转向器的必要条件是人能够进罐、可以动火。
转向器安装位置的选择：罐内低位置，以便于操作，但是不可以进入罐底部积存的液体残渣沉积物层内，以避免沉积物阻碍声波传播。还要避开上部的结构件，以避免阻碍声波在转向器与液面之间的传送。
此外，转向器可以水平安装在被测立罐的内侧壁上，其实物图如图2所示。
实施例四
在实施例三的基础上，本实施例提供了一种安装方法。
如图6所示，本实施例提供的安装方法用于安装外测液位计，该方法包括：
步骤601：确定选择区域；所述选择区域包含声波信号源与反射器之间的空间区域和反射器与反射器正上方的液面之间的空间区域，其中，被测立罐在所述选择区域内没有阻挡超声波信号传播的结构。
步骤602：在所述选择区域内，利用超声波信号源定位器确定被测立罐内壁上的超声波发射源的位置点。
步骤603：根据所述超声波发射源的位置点和所述焦距P，确定反射器的中心点的安置点。
步骤604：根据所述安置点安装所述反射器，以令所述反射器的中心点与所述安置点重合，并且所述反射器的焦点为所述超声波发射源的位置点。
在步骤602中，所述超声波信号源定位器包括超声波发射电路、超声波发射探头、超声波接收电路、超声波接收探头以及与所述超声波接收探头连接的超声波强度指示器。
步骤602具体包括：
步骤A：将所述声波发射探头安装在所述被测立罐的外壁的目标区域上，所述目标区域与所述选择区域相对。
步骤B：将所述超声波接收探头安装在与所述超声波发射探头对应的内壁上。
步骤C：通过所述超声波强度指示器调整所述超声波发射探头和所述超声波接收探头位置，直到确定出信号最强位置；所述信号最强位置位于所述目标区域；所述信号最强位置为超声波发射源的位置点。
步骤D：对选定的立罐侧壁外侧的超声波发射探头位置和立罐侧壁内测的超声波发射源的位置点分别做标记，然后拆除超声波信号源定位器。
参见图3，步骤603具体包括：将焦距尺的磁性吸附端用磁力固定在所述超声波发射源的位置点；所述焦距尺是一个长度等于焦距P的直杆，所述焦距尺的一端为尖头形，另一端有磁性底座，所述磁性底座的端面与焦距尺的轴向垂直；使用时，把所述焦距尺的磁性底座端吸附在立罐内壁上标记的超声波发射源位置，安装调节反射器的位置，使所述焦距尺的尖头插入反射器中心点O处的小孔内，使反射器的中心点定位在安置点。进一步的包括：
步骤a：将焦距尺4的吸附端固定在所述超声波发射源的位置点。该焦距尺4包括磁性底座、吸附端、尖头端以及连接所述吸附端和尖头端的标尺杆。
在执行步骤a中，将吸附端垂直于立罐内壁固定在磁性底座上，该磁性底座所在位置为所述超声波发射源的位置点。
步骤b：利用所述焦距尺4的长度为焦距P，确定焦距尺4的尖头端所在的位置为反射器的中心点的安置点。
在步骤604中，根据反射器1的中心点的安置点，安装反射器，移动反射器使焦距尺的尖头端对准并进入反射器的中心点处的。利用焦距尺的长度是定焦距P的特性，将焦距尺的尖头端对准进入反射器的中心点(即中心孔O)，就简单地实现了反射器的中心点O在坐标轴TX P上的精确位置定位。
故在步骤604中，所述根据所述安置点安装所述反射器1，具体包括：
步骤1：根据所述安置点，将反射器1安装在支撑部上。
步骤2：调节所述反射器的俯仰角和水平角，使得反射器的俯仰角θ为0度，水平角
Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-000001
为0度，进而使得支撑部上的两个且互相垂直的水平仪水平。
对于直径大于4米，例如15米的立罐，为了使反射器上方与液面浮动罐顶间没有妨碍超声波传播的支撑浮动罐顶的支架结构，需要反射器与立罐侧壁之间的距 离变大，例如1000毫米或更大，此时焦距P要选择的比较大，例如1000毫米或更大。这时需要用1000毫米或更长的焦距尺，就很难操作保持在水平直线上了。这种情况下，可以使用激光测距校准器。把激光测距校准器的磁性底座吸附固定在所述超声波发射源的位置点，调整反射器和平台的位置，使得激光测距校准器发出的激光射在反射器的O点处，并且显示距离等于焦距P。再调节反射器和平台的俯仰角、水平角，使得反射器的俯仰角θ为0度，水平角
Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-000002
为0度，进而使得支撑部上的两个且互相垂直的水平仪水平。
步骤2进一步包括：
步骤21：在反射器1的正上方水平安装一个平面反射板6；所述平面反射板6的两个相互垂直的边沿上各安装有一个水平仪，用以调节平面反射板6使得它是水平的。在浮顶罐里可以把平面反射板6固定安装在反射器正上方的浮顶上。在没有浮顶的罐里，平面反射板6是临时安装在反射器顶部的临时支架上，用激光测距扫描器校准转向器反射器安装完成后，就拆除了平面反射板6。
步骤22：将激光测距校准器的磁性底座吸附固定在所述超声波发射源的位置点，利用激光测距校准器的扫描功能，调整反射器1的位置，使得所述激光测距校准器发出的激光射在所述反射器的中心点处，并且所述激光测距校准器显示的距离等于焦距P，进而使得反射器的俯仰角θ为0度，水平角
Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-000003
为0度，从而使得支撑部上的两个且互相垂直的水平仪水平。
利用激光测距校准器的扫描功能，调整反射器的位置，具体过程为：
利用激光测距校准器的扫描功能使发射出的激光扫描成十字线或其他图形，经设置在平台上方的且调节成水平的平面反射板6反射，通过反射后的信号是否聚焦到了超声波发射源处，并形成了小的一个圆形光亮点，来判定反射器的形状与安装是否非常精确，具体包括：
控制激光测距校准器发射的图形信号；所述图形信号经设置在反射器1上方且调节成水平的平面反射板6反射，并聚焦在超声波发射源附近位置，形成一个小的圆形光亮点；所述图形信号为扫描十字线或其他图形。
根据聚焦在超声波发射源附近位置的图形信号的形状，调整反射器的俯仰角、水平角、形状和安装位置，使得超声波发射源附近的图形信号成为一个尽 可能小的圆形图形。
在步骤2中，另一种调节转向器安装角度使反射器的俯仰角和水平角都等于0度的简易方法是，用重锤线5一端的挂钩挂在反射器最高处的半圆槽N上，让重锤自由下垂，调整反射器在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的TXY坐标面内的俯仰角θ，与在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的TXZ坐标面内的水平角
Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-000004
使得重锤线5进入平台的半圆槽M内，并且重锤线5不接触半圆槽M的边沿，调节所述反射器的俯仰角和水平角，使得支撑部上的两个且互相垂直安装的水平仪水平，就简易地完成了反射面平台的精确角度定位。
其中，所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ是基于所述焦距P和所述反射器的中心点构建的，所述反射器在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OXY坐标面上的最高点(X N,Y N,0)为所述半圆槽N；所述半圆槽M在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ下的坐标为(X N,0,0)。
本实施例还需要利用重锤线5和助力固定器进行反射器安装位置的微调。
该重锤线5的一端固定有一个挂钩，重锤线5的另一端悬挂有重锤。助力固定器由两端各装有一个钕铁硼磁铁，其两端之间用橡筋连接构成。
具体为：把挂钩挂在反射器的半圆槽N内，重锤线自由静止悬挂时，重锤嵌入了平台2的半圆槽M内，并不与半圆槽M的壁接触，以快速精确地确定反射器安装时三个方向的精确角度。
即在根据所述安置点安装所述反射器1之后，还包括：
将重锤线挂在反射器的半圆槽N上，以使所述重锤线5上的重锤自由下垂。调整反射器1在第一右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的TXY坐标面内的俯仰角和在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的TXZ坐标面内的水平角，使得重锤线5进入半圆槽M内，且重锤线5不接触半圆槽M的边沿，完成反射器角度定位。
其中，所述第一右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ是基于所述焦距P和所述反射器的中心点构建的，所述反射器在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的XOY坐标面上的最高点(X N,Y N,0)为所述半圆槽N；所述半圆槽M在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ下的坐标为(X N,0,0)。
为了便于安装可以使用助力固定器，助力固定器由两块钕铁硼磁铁块和一根 连接两块磁铁的橡筋构成。安装时，将助力固定器的一个钕铁硼磁铁吸在平台2的A点，另一端的一个钕铁硼磁铁吸在罐壁内侧的焦点T的下部。用橡筋的拉力助力把转向器向罐壁拉紧临时固定，以便于调节，校准位置。
反射器安装校准后，选用焊接、黏结或者磁吸方式，将反射器1的a、b、c、d点固定在罐壁，固定第一支撑杆a、第二支撑杆b和第三支撑杆c。拆除焦距尺4、重锤线5、助力固定器和平面反射板6。装在浮顶罐里浮顶上的平面反射板6在安装转向器反射器后不拆除。
因为安装探头处的罐壁不保证精确垂直于水平面，所以垂直吸附在侧壁的焦距尺就不保证精确水平，也不保证精确垂直于立罐侧壁。但是只要用焦距尺4或者激光测距扫描器保证了反射器中心点O到立罐内侧壁的超声波发射源T之间的距离精确等于焦距P，再用转向器的平台2上的互相垂直安装的水平仪水平，再用激光测距扫描器微调节反射器的角度、反射面形状，使从激光测距扫描器发射的激光经反射器1向上反射到水平安装的平面反射板6，再经反射器1反射回到超声波发射源T处的光斑的形状是一个小的圆点，就可以使焦距尺的俯仰角误差和水平角误差不影响反射器1把来自各方向的超声波精确反射聚焦返回到超声波发射源。
外测液位计在工作时，其超声波探头安装在被测立罐的外壁上，超声波探头在被测立罐内壁处形成超声波发射源；超声波发射源的位置点同时为反射器的焦点；超声波发射源发射的声波信号发射到反射器上，经反射器反射后，都平行于预设方向射出，并经过被测立罐液面反射后可按照原路返回，然后被外测液位计接收；外测液位计根据超声波探头发射的超声波信号和超声波探头接收的声波信号确定被测立罐的液面位置。显然，本申请提供的反射器，不需要逐级计算出各级反射面边界点位置，就能满足从焦点向前方任意方向发出的射线，经反射器反射后都平行于预设方向射出，即达到了减少计算工作量，提高工作效率的目的。
实施例五
参见图7，本实施例提供的一种确定方法，用于确定实施例一所述的反射器，所述反射器用于反射超声波发射源所发射的声波信号，所述确定方法包括：
步骤701：确定参考线段；所述参考线段其中的一端点为位置点T，所述参考线段的长度等于所述反射器的焦距P；所述位置点T为所述超声波发射源的 位置。
焦距P是根据被测立罐的直径D人为选定的，选定的原则是焦距P小于或者等于D/2。
例如：所述参考线段所在的立罐内的水平截面为被测立罐的标准面；所述焦距P小于或者等于所述标准面的半径。
再例如：用于测量油井里的油面离井口的深度时，D＝200毫米，选择焦距
P＝D/2＝100毫米。
又例如：对于测量深井的水面距离井口的深度时，在水井直径为D＝400毫米时，选取焦距P＝D/2＝200毫米。
另外，对于被测目标立罐直径D很大的情况，例如立式储液罐，直径D在500毫米到50米之间时，确定焦距P的原则是在反射面上方到液面或漂浮在液面上的浮顶之间没有妨碍超声波传播的结构，如管道、横梁，并且不使超声波射在浮顶园盘边沿圆形密封软管上等。直径大的立罐罐内的结构件都比较大，需要反射面离开侧壁远一些，选择的反射器的抛物面的焦距P就要大一些，对于直径4米以上的立罐，焦距P可以选取1000毫米左右。当反射器大于立罐直径600毫米的人孔时，需要把反射器拆分加工为若干部分，分别穿过人孔送入立罐后再精确组装成反射器。
步骤702：基于所述焦距P和所述位置点T，构建第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1、第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P和第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ，见附图1。
其中，所述位置点T在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值处，线段O 1T(一个端点为第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的原点，另一个端点为位置点T)的长度等于所述焦距P的一半；所述位置点T为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P的坐标原点，所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p是沿着所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段O 1T的长度后得到的；所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TY p坐标轴与所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴重合，所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴与所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1坐标轴平行，所述第二右手三维 直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TZ p坐标轴与所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Z 1坐标轴重合。
所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值处，且所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O为所述参考线段的另一端点；线段TO的长度等于焦距P，所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ是沿着所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段TO的长度后得到的；所述位置点T位于所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OX轴的负值处；所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OX坐标轴与所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴重合；所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OY坐标轴与所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TY p坐标轴平行，所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OZ坐标轴与所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TZ p坐标轴平行。
步骤703：根据所述位置点T和所述焦距P，确定反射器在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1Y 1坐标面上的基础截面；其中，所述基础截面为一基础抛物线，所述基础抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述基础抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；所述基础抛物线以所述坐标轴O 1Y 1为旋转轴旋转后所形成抛物面。
步骤704：根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式，确定反射器在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pY p坐标面上的第一截面；其中，参见图8(a)，所述第一截面为第一抛物线；所述第一抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述第一抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T。
步骤705：根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式，确定反射器在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pZ p坐标面上的第二截面；其中，参见图8(b)，所述第二截面为一圆弧，所述圆弧的圆心为所述位置点T，所述圆弧的半径为焦距P。
步骤706：根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的形式，确定反射器在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OYZ坐标面的第三截面；其中，所述第三截面为第二抛物线。
反射器反射面的边沿形状是可以根据具体情况任意选择的，不是唯一的。 例如为了可以把反射器经过人孔(即在立罐侧壁上预留的用于施工人员进入立罐内部的一个直径小于600毫米的，带有密封盖子的圆孔)送入立罐内安装，
需要把反射器做的宽度小于600毫米的长条形。又例如，为了降低加工反射面的模具的成本，可以把反射面加工成椭圆形以减小模具面积，见图9，反射面从超声波发射源T沿TX P坐标轴向O点方向的投影即左视图是圆形，从OY坐标轴向下方向的顶视图也是圆形。
步骤707：根据所述基础截面、所述第一截面、所述第二截面和所述第三截面确定抛物面型的反射器；其中，所述抛物面型的反射器的中心点为所述坐标原点O，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦点为所述位置点T，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦距为所述焦距P。
以图8(b)为例，沿着TX P轴方向投影是矩形的反射器的上、下边沿TY P轴方向的投影都是圆弧。从焦点T发射的，发射角θ>0度的任意射线TD，经反射器反射后的射线DP，竖直向上射向水平液面的P点，发射角θ＝0度的任意射线TO，经反射器反射后的射线OP 0，竖直向上射向水平液面的P 0点，发射角θ<0度的任意射线TD 1，经反射器反射后的射线D 1P 1竖直向上射向水平液面的P 1点。经液面反射后的反射线PD，P 0O，P 1D 1均竖直向下射向反射器，经反射器反射后的射线DT，OT，D 1T均射向焦点T。所以，反射器的特性是把从焦点T向前方的任意方向发射的射线，经反射器反射后均与TY P轴的平行方向射出。
本实施例使用抛物面函数方法设计的反射器，能够实现在满足把从焦点向前方任意方向发出的射线全部反射向平行方向的目的，显著减少了设计计算工作量，提高效率。
一个示例中：在所述第一坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1Y 1坐标面上的所述基础截面的抛物线的方程为x 1 2＝2Py 1。其中，x 1为所述坐标面O 1X 1Y 1的X 1坐标，y 1为所述坐标面O 1X 1Y 1的Y 1坐标。所述基础截面的抛物线以所述坐标轴O 1Y 1为旋转轴旋转形成抛物面；所述抛物面沿坐标轴O 1Y 1旋转的角度范围为水平角范围。
在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的所述抛物面的方程为：x 1 2+z 1 2＝2Py 1，其中，x 1为所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1坐标轴的坐标，y 1为所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的坐 标，z 1为所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Z 1坐标轴的坐标；所述抛物面经过所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的坐标原点(0,0,0)。
根据所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1与所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的关系有x 1＝x p，y 1＝y p+P/2，z 1＝z p，所述第一右手三维直角坐标系的抛物面方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式为x p 2+z p 2＝2P(y p+P/2)。
抛物面经过所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P的(P,0,0)点，(-P,0,0)点，(0,-P/2,0)点，(0,0,P)点，(0,0,-P)点。所述反射器抛物面在第二右手直角坐标系TX PY PZ P的TX PY P坐标面上的截面的抛物线的方程为x p 2＝2P(y p+P/2)。
根据所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p与所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的关系有x p＝x+P，y p＝y，z p＝z，所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的抛物面方程在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的形式为(x+P) 2+z 2＝2P(y+P/2)。抛物面经过所述第三右手三维直角坐标系的原点(0.0,0)。
所述反射器抛物面在第三右手直角坐标系OXYZ的OXY坐标面的第一截面的抛物线的方程为(x+P) 2＝2P(y+P/2)，由此得出第一抛物线函数为y＝(x+P) 2/(2P)-P/2，据此可以画出反射器在所述第三右手直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标面OXY上的第一截面的抛物线，见附图8(a)；由第一抛物线函数可以计算出第一截面抛物线的数据表，见附表1。
由第三右手直角坐标系OXYZ里的抛物面方程当y＝0时，得出反射器在坐标面OXZ的第二截面的方程(x+P) 2+z 2＝P 2；这是以信号发射源T为圆心，以P为半径的圆弧，反射器的上边沿、下边沿是以T为圆心的同心圆弧。
依据反射器在第三右手直角坐标系OXYZ里的所述抛物面方程可得出在所述第三右手直角坐标系里抛物面函数为y＝((x+P) 2+z 2)/(2P)-P/2。
所述抛物面经过所述第三右手直角坐标系的原点(0,0,0)；根据所述第三右手直角坐标系里的抛物面函数，计算出对应于每一组(x,z)数值的y值，列成抛物面的数据表，根据此数据表加工出抛物面反射器加工模具，制造抛物面反射器。
所述俯仰角范围为所述超声波发射源从位置点T沿TX p方向发射的超声波信号在所述TX pY p坐标面上的辐射角度θ的范围，俯仰角θ＝art(y p/x p)，见附 图8(a)、附表1；所述水平角范围为所述超声波发射源从位置点T沿TX P坐标方向发射的超声波信号在所述TX PZ P坐标面上的辐射角度
Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-000005
的范围，水平角
Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-000006
见附图8(b)。
据此，以焦距P＝150毫米为例，可以计算出附表1的抛物面反射面的第一抛物线的数据表，单位为毫米。
x 1 2＝2Py 1；
x P 2＝2P(y P+P/2)，x 1＝x P，y 1＝y P+P/2；
(x+P) 2＝2P(y+P/2)，x P＝x+P，y P＝y；
表1 抛物面型反射器的第一抛物线坐标值表(单位：毫米)
Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-000008
所述俯仰角的范围和所述水平角的范围均是根据实际条件和工作需求确定的；所述抛物面型的反射器与被测立罐的液面之间没有阻挡超声波信号传播的结构；所述焦距P小于或者等于所述被测立罐的半径。
优选地，所述俯仰角的范围和所述水平角的范围均是根据实际条件和工作需求确定的；所述抛物面型的反射器与被测立罐的液面之间没有阻挡超声波信号传播的结构；所述焦距P小于或者等于所述被测立罐的半径。
本实施例所述的俯仰角θ的范围约为－82°∽61°；所述水平角的范围约为－80°∽80°。俯仰角θ和水平角
Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-000009
取值范围越大，反射器覆盖的超声波发射源发射的声波信号就越多，超声波探头接收的液面反射波就越强，外测液位计测量 的液面高度就越精准，能测量的液体黏度就更大，适用范围就更广。
当俯仰角θ角接近90°时反射器的高度值接近∞，无法实现，最大值取61°时就覆盖了向上发射的足够多的超声波信号。俯仰角θ的负值，最大值取－82°时，就覆盖了向下发射的足够多的声波信号。水平角
Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-000010
的值取－80°或者80°，反射器在水平方向就接近了罐壁，反射器通过连接头可以固定在罐壁上。
进一步地，本实施例提供的方法还包括：若被测立罐安装探头处的罐壁为倾斜状态，调整选择所述抛物面的合适部位作为所述抛物面型的反射器的反射面，进而最终确定测量所述被测立罐所需的反射器，具体包括：
当被测立罐处于倾斜状态时，保留所述抛物面型的反射器能够接收到超声波的区域，并将所述接收到超声波的区域确定为：测量所述被测立罐所需的反射器。
例如，在第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ下，
当所述被测立罐外壁上安装探头处的表面的上部向立罐外倾斜时，超声波发射源发射的射线方向偏上，将所述抛物面型的反射器上部区域确定为所述被测立罐所需的反射器。
当所述被测立罐外壁上安装探头处的表面的上部向立罐内倾斜时，超声波发射源发射的射线方向偏下，将所述抛物面型的反射器的下部区域确定为所述被测立罐所需的反射器。
当所述被测立罐外壁上安装探头处的表面的左侧向立罐外倾斜时，超声波发射源发射的射线方向偏左，将确定的抛物面型的反射器的左部区域确定为所述被测立罐所需的反射器；其中，所述左部区域位于所述OZ轴负值处。
当所述被测立罐外壁上安装探头处的表面的左侧向立罐内倾斜时，超声波发射源发射的射线方向偏右，将确定的抛物面型的反射器的右部区域确定为所述被测立罐所需的反射器；所述右部区域位于所述OZ轴正值处。
实施例五
请参见图10，本实施例提供了一种确定系统，用于确定反射器，所述反射器用于反射超声波发射源所发射的声波信号，所述确定系统包括：
参考线段确定模块100，用于确定参考线段；所述参考线段其中的一端点为位置点T，所述参考线段的长度等于所述反射器的焦距P；所述位置点T为所述 超声波发射源的位置。
坐标系构建模块200，用于基于所述焦距P和所述位置点T，构建第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1、第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P和第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ；其中，所述位置点T在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值处，线段O 1T的长度等于所述焦距P的一半；所述位置点T为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P的坐标原点，所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p是沿着所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段O 1T的长度后得到的；所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值处，且所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O为所述参考线段的另一端点；线段TO的长度等于焦距P，所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ是沿着所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段TO的长度后得到的；所述位置点T位于所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OX轴的负值处。
基础截面确定模块300，用于根据所述位置点T和所述焦距P，确定反射器在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1Y 1坐标面上的基础截面；其中，所述基础截面为一基础抛物线，所述基础抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述基础抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；所述基础抛物线以所述O 1Y 1坐标轴为旋转轴旋转后形成抛物面。
第一截面确定模块400，用于根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式，确定反射器在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pY p坐标面上的第一截面；其中，所述第一截面为第一抛物线；所述第一抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述第一抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T。
第二截面确定模块500，用于根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式，确定反射器在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pZ p坐标面上的第二截面；所述第二截面为一圆弧；所述圆弧的半径为焦距P；所述圆弧的圆心为所述位置点T。
第三截面确定模块600，用于根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的形式，确定反射器在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ 的OYZ坐标面的第三截面；其中，所述第三截面为第二抛物线；所述第二抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述第二抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T。
反射器确定模块700，用于根据所述基础截面、所述第一截面、所述第二截面和所述第三截面确定抛物面型的反射器；其中，所述抛物面型的反射器的中心点为所述坐标原点O，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦点为所述位置点T，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦距为所述焦距P。
对于使用抛物面型聚焦转向器用外测液位计测量立罐液位的问题，由于被测液面是水平的，需要声波经过转向器反射后射出的指定方向A是垂直向上射向水平液面，所以，所述参考线段为与指定方向A垂直的水平直线段。因此，建立的第一右手直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的坐标轴O 1X 1与参考线段平行，坐标轴O 1X 1的方向向右。
对于需要声波经过转向器反射后指向指定方向A是任意方向的，所述参考线段为垂直于指定方向A的直线段。第一右手直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的坐标轴O 1X 1平行于所述参考线段，坐标轴O 1X 1的方向与声波发射方向相同。
本发明使用的三维右手直角坐标系表示的反射器抛物面方程，通过普通的坐标转换也可以变换为三维右手极坐标系形式。
本发明是在反射方向为平行方向的缩小适用范围下，使用抛物面函数计算确定反射器，可以很容易的计算出任意精度要求的反射面数据，省去了作图验证计算数字正确性的工时，减小了设计计算工作量，缩短了设计时间，提高了生产效率，有效的实现了用外测液位计从侧壁测量立罐液位的目的，更实用，更易于广泛应用。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种确定方法，其特征在于，用于确定反射器，所述反射器用于反射超声波发射源所发射的超声波信号，所述确定方法包括：
    确定参考线段；所述参考线段其中的一端点为位置点T，所述参考线段的长度等于所述反射器的焦距P；所述位置点T为所述超声波发射源的位置；
    基于所述焦距P和所述位置点T，构建第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1、第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P和第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ；其中，所述位置点T在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值处，线段O 1T的长度等于所述焦距P的一半；所述位置点T为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P的坐标原点，所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p是沿着所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段O 1T的长度后得到的；所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值处，且所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O为所述参考线段的另一端点；线段TO的长度等于焦距P，所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ是沿着所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段TO的长度后得到的；所述位置点T位于所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OX轴的负值处；
    根据所述位置点T和所述焦距P，确定反射器在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1Y 1坐标面上的基础截面；其中，所述基础截面为一基础抛物线，所述基础抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述基础抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；所述基础抛物线以所述O 1Y 1坐标轴为旋转轴进行旋转后形成抛物面；
    根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式，确定反射器在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pY p坐标面上的第一截面；其中，所述第一截面为第一抛物线；所述第一抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述第一抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；
    根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式，确定反射器在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pZ p坐标面上的第 二截面；所述第二截面为一圆弧；所述圆弧的半径为焦距P；所述圆弧的圆心为所述位置点T；
    根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的形式，确定反射器在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OYZ坐标面的第三截面；其中，所述第三截面为第二抛物线；所述第二抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述第二抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；
    根据所述基础截面、所述第一截面、所述第二截面和所述第三截面确定抛物面型的反射器；其中，所述抛物面型的反射器的中心点为所述坐标原点O，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦点为所述位置点T，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦距为所述焦距P。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种确定方法，其特征在于，
    在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1Y 1坐标面上的所述基础抛物线的方程为x 1 2＝2Py 1；其中，x 1为O 1X 1Y 1坐标面的X 1坐标，y 1为O 1X 1Y 1坐标面的Y 1坐标；
    所述抛物面的方程在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1上的形式为x 1 2+z 1 2＝2Py 1；其中，x 1为所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1坐标轴上的坐标，y 1为所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴上的坐标，z 1为所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Z 1坐标轴上的坐标；
    所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式为x p 2+z p 2＝2P(y p+P/2)；其中，x p为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴上的坐标，y p为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TY p坐标轴上的坐标，z p为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TZ p坐标轴上的坐标；
    所述抛物面的方程在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ上的形式为(x+P) 2+z 2＝2Py+P 2；其中，x为所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OX坐标轴上的坐标，y为所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OY坐标轴上的坐标，z为所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OZ坐标轴上的坐标。
  3. 根据权利要求1或者2所述的一种确定方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一抛物线的方程为x p 2＝2Py p+P 2；
    在所述第一截面上，所述超声波发射源从所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pY p坐标面上的坐标原点T，射向第一抛物线上任一点(x p,y p)的俯仰角为θ＝art(y p/x p)；其中，x p为所述第一抛物线上的投射点(x p,y p)的TX p坐标值，y p为所述第一抛物线上的投射点(x p,y p)的TY p坐标值；所述俯仰角的范围是所述超声波发射源发射的超声波信号在所述TX pY p坐标面上的辐射角度的范围；
    所述圆弧的方程为x p 2+z p 2＝P 2；
    所述超声波发射源从所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的坐标原点T，射向所述圆弧上任一点(x p,z p)的水平角为θ＝art(z p/x p)；其中，x p为从位置点T发射的超声波信号射在所述TX pZ p坐标面的所述圆弧上的投射点(x p,z p)的TX p坐标值，z p为从位置点T发射的超声波信号射在所述TX pZ p坐标面的所述圆弧上的投射点(x p,z p)的TZ p坐标值；所述水平角的范围是超声波发射源发射的超声波信号在所述TX pZ p坐标面上的辐射角度的范围；
    所述第二抛物线的方程为z 2＝2Py，所述第二抛物线在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OYZ坐标面上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种反射器确定方法，其特征在于，所述俯仰角的范围和所述水平角的范围均是根据实际条件和工作需求确定的；所述抛物面型的反射器与被测立罐的液面之间没有阻挡超声波信号传播的结构；所述焦距P小于或者等于所述被测立罐的半径。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种反射器确定方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    当被测立罐处于倾斜状态时，保留所述抛物面型的反射器能够接收到超声波的区域，并将所述接收到超声波的区域确定为：测量所述被测立罐所需的反射器。
  6. 一种确定系统，其特征在于，用于确定反射器，所述反射器用于反射超声波发射源所发射的超声波信号，所述确定系统包括：
    参考线段确定模块，用于确定参考线段；所述参考线段其中的一端点为位置点 T，所述参考线段的长度等于所述反射器的焦距P；所述位置点T为所述超声波发射源的位置；
    坐标系构建模块，用于基于所述焦距P和所述位置点T，构建第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1、第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P和第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ；其中，所述位置点T在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值处，线段O 1T的长度等于所述焦距P的一半；所述位置点T为所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P的坐标原点，所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p是沿着所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1Y 1坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段O 1T的长度后得到的；所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值处，且所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的坐标原点O为所述参考线段的另一端点；线段TO的长度等于焦距P，所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ是沿着所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX p坐标轴的正值方向，平移线段TO的长度后得到的；所述位置点T位于所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OX轴的负值处；
    基础截面确定模块，用于根据所述位置点T和所述焦距P，确定反射器在所述第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1的O 1X 1Y 1坐标面上的基础截面；其中，所述基础截面为一基础抛物线，所述基础抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述基础抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；所述基础抛物线以所述O 1Y 1坐标轴为旋转轴进行旋转后形成抛物面；
    第一截面确定模块，用于根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式，确定反射器在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pY p坐标面上的第一截面；其中，所述第一截面为第一抛物线；所述第一抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述第一抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；
    第二截面确定模块，用于根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的形式，确定反射器在所述第二右手三维直角坐标系TX pY pZ p的TX pZ p坐标面上的第二截面；所述第二截面为一圆弧；所述圆弧的半径为焦 距P；所述圆弧的圆心为所述位置点T；
    第三截面确定模块，用于根据所述抛物面的方程在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的形式，确定反射器在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OYZ坐标面的第三截面；其中，所述第三截面为第二抛物线；所述第二抛物线的焦距为焦距P；所述第二抛物线的焦点为所述位置点T；
    反射器确定模块，用于根据所述基础截面、所述第一截面、所述第二截面和所述第三截面确定抛物面型的反射器；其中，所述抛物面型的反射器的中心点为所述坐标原点O，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦点为所述位置点T，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦距为所述焦距P。
  7. 一种基于权利要求1-5任一项所述的反射器的确定方法所确定的反射器，其特征在于，所述反射器用于反射超声波发射源所发射的超声波信号；
    所述反射器为抛物面型的反射器；所述抛物面型的反射器的中心点为所述坐标原点O，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦点为所述位置点T，所述抛物面型的反射器的焦距为所述焦距P；
    所述反射器的中心点在所述第三右手直角坐标系坐标系OXYZ上的坐标为坐标原点O(0,0,0)；所述反射器的中心点在所述第二右手直角坐标系TX pY pZ p上的坐标为(P,0,0)，所述反射器的中心点在所述第一右手直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1上的坐标为(P,P/2,0)；
    其中，在第一右手三维直角坐标系O 1X 1Y 1Z 1、第二右手三维直角坐标系TX PY PZ P和第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的抛物面的方程用于形成抛物面的数据表(x,y,z)，并根据抛物面的(x,y,z)的数据表制造抛物面型的反射器。
  8. 一种立罐外测液位计，其特征在于，包括液位确定模块、超声波信号源定位器，以及，如权利要求7所述的反射器；
    所述超声波信号源定位器包括超声波发射探头、与所述超声波发射探头相连的超声波发射电路、超声波接收探头和与所述超声波接收探头连接的超声波接收电路以及超声波强度指示器；其中，所述超声波发射探头从立罐壁外侧向罐壁发射超声波，所述超声波接收探头从立罐侧壁内侧接收超声波信号，利用 超声波强度指示器显示的强度指示寻找接收到的超声波信号最强的位置，确定超声波发射探头从立罐壁外侧发射的超声波穿过罐壁后在立罐壁内侧形成的超声波发射源的位置点T；
    所述液位确定模块由外测液位计构成；所述外测液位计用于从立罐外测量罐内的液位高度。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种立罐外测液位计，其特征在于，还包括支撑部；所述支撑部用于将所述反射器安装在被测立罐内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种立罐外测液位计，其特征在于，所述支撑部包括平台；所述平台的对称中心线与第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ中的OX轴重合。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的一种立罐外测液位计，其特征在于，所述支撑部至少还包括3个长度可调的管形支撑杆，分别为第一支撑杆、第二支撑杆和第三支撑杆；所述第一支撑杆、所述第二支撑杆和所述第三支撑杆之间通过横向连接杆互相连接固定；
    所述第一支撑杆上端依次从所述支撑部的半圆槽M附近、所述反射器的半圆槽N附近穿过；所述第二支撑杆、所述第三支撑杆分别位于所述第一支撑杆的两侧；所述第二支撑杆的上端和所述第三支撑杆的上端均固定在所述支撑部上；
    所述反射器在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OXY坐标面上的最高点(X N,Y N,0)为所述半圆槽N；所述半圆槽M在所述平台的对称中心线上且所述半圆槽M在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ上的坐标为(X N,0,0)；
    工作时，所述第一支撑杆的下端、所述第二支撑杆的下端和所述第三支撑杆的下端均固定在所述被测立罐的底部。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的一种立罐外测液位计，其特征在于，所述反射器固定所述支撑部上构成所述转向器；所述转向器安装在所述被测立罐的内壁上。
  13. 一种安装方法，其特征在于，用于安装如权利要求8所述的立罐外测液位 计，包括：
    确定选择区域；所述选择区域包含声波信号源与反射器之间的空间区域和反射器与反射器正上方的液面之间的空间区域，其中，被测立罐在所述选择区域内没有阻挡声波传播的结构；
    在所述选择区域内，利用超声波信号源定位器确定被测立罐内壁上的超声波发射源的位置点；
    根据所述超声波发射源的位置点和所述焦距P，确定反射器的中心点的安置点；
    根据所述安置点安装所述反射器，以令所述反射器的中心点与所述安置点重合，并且所述反射器的焦点为所述超声波发射源的位置点。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的一种安装方法，其特征在于，所述超声波信号源定位器包括超声波发射电路、超声波发射探头、超声波接收电路、超声波接收探头以及与所述超声波接收探头连接的超声波强度指示器；
    所述在所述选择区域内，利用超声波信号源定位器确定被测立罐内壁上的超声波发射源的位置点，具体包括：
    将所述超声波发射探头安装在所述被测立罐的外壁的目标区域上，所述目标区域与所述选择区域相对；
    将所述超声波接收探头安装在与所述声波发射探头对应的内壁上；
    通过所述超声波强度指示器调整所述超声波发射探头和所述超声波接收探头位置，直到确定出信号最强位置；所述信号最强位置位于所述目标区域；所述信号最强位置为超声波发射源的位置点；
    对选定的立罐侧壁外侧的超声波发射探头位置和立罐侧壁内测的超声波发射源的位置点分别做标记。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的一种安装方法，其特征在于，焦距尺是一个长度等于焦距P的直杆，所述焦距尺的一端为尖头端，另一端有磁性吸附端，所述磁性吸附端的端面与焦距尺的轴向垂直；所述根据所述超声波发射源的位置点和所述焦距P，确定反射器的中心点的安置点，具体包括：
    将焦距尺的磁性吸附端用磁力固定在所述超声波发射源的位置点；
    调节反射器的位置，使所述焦距尺的尖头端插入反射器中心点O处的小孔内，进而使反射器的中心点定位在安置点。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的一种安装方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述安置点安装所述反射器，具体包括：
    根据所述安置点，将反射器安装在支撑部上；
    调节所述反射器的俯仰角和水平角，使得反射器的俯仰角θ为0度，水平角
    Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-100001
    为0度，进而使得支撑部上的两个且互相垂直的水平仪水平。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的一种安装方法，其特征在于，所述调节所述反射器的俯仰角和水平角，使得反射器的俯仰角θ为0度，水平角
    Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-100002
    为0度，进而使得支撑部上的两个且互相垂直的水平仪水平，具体包括：
    将重锤线挂在反射器的半圆槽N上，使所述重锤线上的重锤自由下垂；
    调整反射器在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的TXY坐标面内的俯仰角和在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的TXZ坐标面内的水平角，使得所述重锤线进入半圆槽M内，且所述重锤线不接触半圆槽M的边沿；
    调节所述反射器的俯仰角和水平角，使得支撑部上的两个且互相垂直的水平仪水平；
    其中，所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ是基于所述焦距P和所述反射器的中心点构建的，所述反射器在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ的OXY坐标面上的最高点(X N，Y N，0)为所述半圆槽N；所述半圆槽M在所述第三右手三维直角坐标系OXYZ下的坐标为(X N，0，0)。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的一种安装方法，其特征在于，所述调节所述反射器的俯仰角和水平角，使得反射器的俯仰角θ为0度，水平角
    Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-100003
    为0度，进而使得支撑部上的两个且互相垂直的水平仪水平，具体包括：
    将激光测距校准器的磁性底座吸附固定在所述超声波发射源的位置点，激光测距校准器的磁性底座端面与激光测距校准器发射激光的方向垂直，利用激光测距校准器的扫描功能，调整反射器的位置和形状，使得所述激光测距校准 器发出的激光射在所述反射器的中心点处，并且所述激光测距校准器显示的距离等于焦距P，使得反射器的俯仰角θ为0度，水平角
    Figure PCTCN2022108766-appb-100004
    为0度，进而使得支撑部上的两个且互相垂直的水平仪水平。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的一种安装方法，其特征在于，所述利用激光测距校准器的扫描功能，调整反射器的位置和形状，具体包括：
    控制激光测距校准器发射的图形信号；所述图形信号经设置在反射器上方且调节成水平的平面反射板反射，并经反射器反射后聚焦在超声波发射源附近位置，形成一个圆形光亮点；
    根据聚焦在超声波发射源附近位置的图形信号的形状，调整反射器的俯仰角、水平角、形状和安装位置，使得超声波发射源附近的图形信号成为一个尽可能小的圆形图形。
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