WO2023185663A1 - 光学器件和ar设备 - Google Patents

光学器件和ar设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023185663A1
WO2023185663A1 PCT/CN2023/083600 CN2023083600W WO2023185663A1 WO 2023185663 A1 WO2023185663 A1 WO 2023185663A1 CN 2023083600 W CN2023083600 W CN 2023083600W WO 2023185663 A1 WO2023185663 A1 WO 2023185663A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical device
coupling
light
planar
curved
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Application number
PCT/CN2023/083600
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谈顺毅
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上海慧希电子科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023185663A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023185663A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
    • G02B6/1245—Geodesic lenses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of AR optics, specifically, to optical devices and AR equipment.
  • Optical waveguide devices have the function of combining image light and external ambient light and inputting it into the human eye. It has been regarded as an important technical route for AR wearable products.
  • waveguides are generally designed based on planar waveguides, while traditional glasses generally use curved surfaces due to factors such as beautiful appearance or vision correction. If additional curved spectacle lenses are added laminated in addition to the entire planar waveguide, it will cause Problems such as the increase in volume and weight of the entire AR device.
  • This invention takes advantage of the characteristic that the imaging part of the entire planar waveguide often only occupies a small part of the lens (such as the waveguide in patent application 202210102699.7).
  • the entire wearable lens only adopts a flat design in the image imaging area, and uses a curved surface design outside the imaging area. Making the appearance of the entire lens appear curved can make the appearance more beautiful even for flat lenses without power.
  • the flat part used to form a virtual image only occupies a small area in the center of the lens.
  • the overall thickness can be greatly reduced compared to the solution of superposing a complete curved surface with a complete flat mirror.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical device and an AR device.
  • An optical device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a planar part 100 and a curved surface part 200;
  • the flat part 100 connects the curved part 200;
  • At least part of the incident light propagates once by total reflection in the planar portion 100 .
  • the optical device includes two working surfaces, and light passes through the two working surfaces. At least a part of at least one working surface is the planar area 102 formed by the surface of the planar part 100, and the other part is the curved surface part. 200 surface constitutes a curved surface area 202.
  • the optical device further includes an optical out-coupling component and an optical in-coupling component respectively connected to the planar portion 100 .
  • the light coupling-in component and/or light-coupling component includes one or more planes and/or curved surfaces.
  • the light coupling-in component and the light-coupling component include a plane coated with a reflective film, a partially reflective film, or a partially reflective and partially absorbing film, and a curved surface coated with a reflective film, a partially reflective film, or a partially reflective and partially absorbing film.
  • any one of the plurality of curved surfaces, planes (such as Fresnel surfaces), and prism arrays of the light coupling-in component and/or the light-coupling component is connected to the plurality of planes, curved surfaces, or prism arrays.
  • the connection surface 303 of the prism array or the area array (such as the connection surface 303 connected to the coupling-in/coupling-out surface 302).
  • the connecting surface or surface array may be a plane or a curved surface.
  • These connection surfaces or surface arrays can be left uncoated to allow light to pass through freely, or they can be coated with the same coating layer as the optical coupling-in and coupling-out surfaces they are connected to.
  • the area array refers to an array formed by an arrangement of multiple connection surfaces 303 .
  • the angle between the tangent line at any point on the connecting surface or surface array and the surface of the planar part 100 is greater than or equal to the maximum angle between the light that is totally reflected in the planar part 100 and the surface of the planar part 100 .
  • the image light 801 propagating in the planar portion 100 will only be reflected and emitted on the optical coupling surface (such as the in-coupling surface 302), and will not hit the connection surface 303.
  • planar portion 100 includes a structure assembled from multiple parts through a gluing or bonding process.
  • the surface of the inner part of the planar part 100 is coated with a film that increases reflection or a polarizing reflective film, and/or the surface of the inner part of the planar part 100 is coated with a film with absorptive properties.
  • the light coupling component inside the planar part 100 is made of two complementary curved surfaces glued together. One of the curved surfaces is coated with a polarizing reflective film, which reflects the image light with the polarization direction S coming from the inside of the planar part 100. The other surface is coated with a film layer with polarization absorption properties. The P-polarized light in the external ambient light will pass through this surface, while the S-polarized light will be absorbed and will not be affected by the S component of the ambient light.
  • It can control the reflection on the optical coupling component to form stray light that affects the imaging. It can also avoid the remaining S-direction image light that is not completely reflected to be fully reflected in the optical path and be coupled out by the coupling component for a second time to form ghost images.
  • the image light is coupled into the planar portion 100 from the light coupling component, propagates through the planar portion 100 and is coupled out from the light coupling component.
  • the curved surface device 500 is attached to the flat area 102 of the working surface.
  • glue or filling fluid is used to bond the curved device 500 to the flat area 102 of the working surface; the refractive index of the glue or filling fluid used is generally smaller than the refractive index of the material used for the flat part 100.
  • n′ is the refractive index of the glue or filling liquid
  • n is the plane part
  • the refractive index of the material used in 100, ⁇ min is the minimum value of the angle between the image light propagating through total reflection in the plane part 100 and the normal line of the surface of the plane part 100.
  • a gap such as a 10um air gap, between the fitting curved surface component 500 and the flat area 102 of the working surface.
  • the flat part 100 or part of the flat part 100 and the curved part 200 of the optical device are integrally manufactured using the same mold.
  • the flat part 100 and the curved part 200 of the optical device are manufactured separately using different molds and then assembled into a whole.
  • the thickness between the two working surfaces formed by the flat part 100 is equal everywhere, and/or the thickness between the two working surfaces formed by the curved surface part 200 is equal everywhere.
  • the equal thickness may refer to the curved surface part.
  • the distance from the normal of any point on the lens upper working surface 901 or the lens lower working surface 902 formed by the 200 surface to the corresponding surface (the lens lower working surface 902 or the lens upper working surface 901) is the same.
  • the working surface formed by the curved surface portion 200 has optical power.
  • planar part 100 or the curved surface part 200 is composed of multi-layer devices.
  • a film layer is plated between the interfaces of devices of different layers.
  • the film layer or the entire upper or lower layer device plays a role similar to a 1/4 wave plate, a 1/2 wave plate, an optical rotator, a polarizing plate (for example, transmitting one polarization direction and absorbing another polarization direction). Any one or more of devices such as polarization of light, changing the wavelength of light passing through (filters), etc.
  • the light rays that have undergone different reflection times in the planar part can exhibit different optical properties, that is, the light rays can be distinguished by the different number of reflections of the light rays in the planar part.
  • the angle between the tangent line at any point on the surface of the coupling and/or coupling out device and the planar portion 100 is less than
  • n is the refractive index of the material of the planar part 100
  • ⁇ is the maximum value of the angle formed by the normal line of the planar part 100 when external ambient light passes through the planar part 100 .
  • n is the refractive index of the material in the flat part.
  • a part of the optical coupling-in component and/or the optical coupling-out component, and/or is used to compensate for coupling-in and/or coupling-out.
  • the outgoing component that is, the in-coupling and out-coupling compensation part 400 and the curved surface part 200 are manufactured integrally.
  • the entire device is divided into two parts: the flat part 100 and the coupling-in and coupling-out part 300, which are integrally manufactured by a mold.
  • the components that compensate the coupling-in and coupling-out parts, namely the coupling-in and coupling-out compensation part 400 and the curved surface part 200, are integrally manufactured by a mold.
  • the advantage is that the entire device contains only two components, which can reduce costs and equipment processes.
  • the coupling-in and coupling-out compensation part 400 and the curved surface part 200 in Figure 2 are integrally manufactured by the same mold.
  • the flat part 100 and the coupling-in and coupling-out part 300 are integrally manufactured.
  • the curved surface part 200 and the coupling-in and coupling-out compensation part 400 are included.
  • the parts are glued together to form the whole device.
  • the planar part 100 and the coupling-in and coupling-out part 300 can be integrally manufactured through the same mold. After coating, they are placed in a specific mold, and optical glue or optical liquid with the same or close refractive index is injected, and then cured (light curing or thermal curing) Obtain a complete device.
  • the curved surface part 200 and the compensation part 400 are directly formed in a specific mold on the completed flat part 100 and the coupling-in and coupling-out part 300, which can save subsequent gluing and other steps. , further simplifying the process and reducing costs.
  • An AR device provided according to the present invention includes the optical device.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a comparison view of the schematic structure and the three-dimensional structure of various components in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of various components of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a comparison view of the schematic structure and the three-dimensional structure of various parts in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 .
  • Figure 5 is a comparative view of the structure of each part before and after assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a comparative view of the structure of each part before and after assembly in yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the figure shows:
  • the actual useful plane imaging area is generally a small area in the center of the lens.
  • the thickness of the central area of the lens with diopter changes the slowest, so it can
  • the lens with curvature is only partially fitted in the flat area (smooth transition with the curved part, and the curved part itself has the same surface shape/power) to achieve correction of the wearer's vision.
  • the flat part since the flat part only occupies a small part , instead of a complete flat surface superimposed with a complete curved lens solution, which can greatly reduce the thickness and weight of the system.
  • the lens size of the AR glasses is about 45 ⁇ 70 ⁇ 5mm (the total thickness, the thickness from the highest point of the plane to the lowest point of the curved surface is 5mm), and the working surface is a 45 ⁇ 70mm lens
  • the upper working surface 901 and the lower working surface 902 of the lens have a flat part 100 and a curved part 200.
  • the surface of the flat part 100 is the flat area 102
  • the surface of the curved part 200 is the curved area 202.
  • the waveguide imaging area is a flat area 102 with a size of about 15 ⁇ 40 ⁇ 3 mm.
  • the slope of the junction 903 between the curved surface area and the flat area is consistent with the flat area 102.
  • the curved surface area 202 is designed in an arc shape, making the appearance more beautiful.
  • both the flat area 102 and the curved area 202 are designed with equal thickness, that is, the entire lens has no optical power, and the optical power will not change after the external ambient light 802 passes through the entire lens from the working surface, similar to plain glasses.
  • the coupling component couples the image light emitted by the imaging system into the waveguide. After several reflections and propagation in the waveguide, it is coupled out from the coupling component and combined with the ambient light and then introduced for viewing. in the eyes of the beholder.
  • the coupling-in and coupling-out component 300 is a curved surface with a certain surface shape.
  • the coupling-in surface and the coupling-out surface are coated with a film that increases reflection, such as transflective or polarized reflection.
  • the image light can be directly output from the imaging device and coupled into the planar waveguide, or optical components such as lenses, reflectors, and wave plates can be added after the imaging device, and then coupled into the planar waveguide after being modulated by the optical components.
  • the imaging device is, for example, MicroLED, LCoS, OLED, LCD, MEMS scanner or DMD, etc.
  • the lens in this embodiment can be made into a curved surface part 200 and a flat part 100 respectively.
  • the curved surface part 200 and the flat part 100 can be respectively produced through the mold, as well as the device for compensating the coupling-in and coupling-out part 300. component, that is, the coupling-in and coupling-out compensation part 400.
  • the surface of the coupling-in and coupling-out part 300, which is made integrally with the planar part 100, is coated, and then the planar part 100, the curved surface part 200 and the coupling-in and coupling-out compensation part 400 are glued (the coupling-in and coupling-out compensation part 400 can also be glued to the curved surface).
  • the part 200 is assembled into a whole through integrated manufacturing of the same mold), bonding and other means.
  • the coating can be a semi-transparent semi-reflective film, or a polarizing reflective film that transmits P light and reflects S light, etc., or can be plated on the coupling-in and coupling-out parts.
  • the surface of the coupling-out part 300 may be coated with a film that transmits P and reflects S light
  • the surface of the coupling-out compensation part 400 intersecting with the coupling-out part 300 may be coated with a film that transmits P and absorbs S light.
  • the surface shape of the coupling-in and coupling-out part 300 can also adopt a Fresnelization (composed of multiple planes or curved surfaces) design, in which a complete curved surface is replaced by multiple equivalent parallel small ones.
  • the advantage of replacing the curved surface is that the thickness of the coupling-in and coupling-out component 300 can be reduced under the same Eye Box and FOV parameters.
  • a curved surface device 500 with optical power is attached above and below the flat part 100 in the device.
  • the curved surface part 200 also adopts a design with optical power, and the optical power It is consistent with the curved device 500 attached to the flat part 100 .
  • a mold can be used to separately manufacture the curved surface part 200, the flat part 100, the in-coupling and out-coupling part 300, the in-coupling and out-coupling compensation part 400, and the curved surface device 500 that fits the flat part 100.
  • optical glue with a lower refractive index needs to be used when gluing the curved part 200 and the curved device 500 to ensure that the image light propagating in the planar waveguide still meets the total reflection condition.
  • the curved portion 200 and the curved device 500 above can be made of the same material as the planar waveguide.
  • the planar waveguide part can be placed obliquely in the curved surface part 200, that is, the vertical line of the planar part 100 is not parallel to the central axis of the curved surface part 200, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the device When used as a wearable device When the device is used, it can tilt the flat part 100 from the eyes to the ears along the curve of the human face.
  • the curved part 200 it is easier to construct an aesthetic face shape, or it can also be used with optical power. glasses body thickness.
  • the entire optical lens consists of two parts that are each made in one piece.
  • the curved device 500 attached to the planar part 100 and the coupling-in and coupling-out compensation part 400 are integrally manufactured.
  • the lower planar part 100 , the coupling-in and coupling-out surface 302 and the curved surface part 200 are integrally manufactured.
  • the coupling-in and coupling-out part 300 adopts a Fresnel design, using multiple parallel curved surface arrays instead of a complete curved surface. The advantage of this is that the thickness of the curved surface can be reduced.
  • the mold design can leave a certain gap at the interface between the upper part of the waveguide planar part 100 and the curved surface device 500 to ensure that the total reflection propagation of the image light in the waveguide of the planar part 100 will not be destroyed.
  • the optical device produced in this way has a curved configuration as a whole. According to the requirements, it can have optical power relative to the ambient light penetrating from the outside to correct vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, etc., or it can also be a flat mirror without optical power. Spend.
  • the planar waveguide that is, the planar portion 100
  • the planar waveguide can also be divided into upper and lower layers.
  • the upper and lower layers are the upper layer 1041 of the planar waveguide and the lower layer 1042 of the planar waveguide.
  • the upper and lower layers are made of the same material, or different materials can be used.
  • the interface 104 of the upper and lower layers is coated with a film layer that functions as a 1/4 wave plate, or a film layer that functions as an optical rotator.
  • the incident image light is circularly polarized. After passing through the 1/4 wave plate for the first time, it becomes linearly polarized light in the P direction.
  • a polarizing film layer can also be added to the interface 104 between the upper and lower layers of the planar waveguide to filter out the polarized light that is not fully modulated after passing through the 1/4 wave plate, thereby reducing stray light.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the structure shown in Figure 1 can be the lens of AR glasses, and the lens is an optical device.
  • the lens includes a flat part 100 and a curved part 200.
  • the flat part 100 is connected to the curved part 200. Specifically, the connection is achieved in an embedded manner.
  • the user can observe the image light 801 and the external ambient light 802 when viewing the flat part 100. At least part of the incident light is Total reflection propagates once in the planar portion 100 .
  • the lens includes two working surfaces, and external ambient light 802 passes through the two working surfaces. At least a part of at least one working surface is formed by the plane area 102 formed by the surface of the plane part 100, and the other part is formed by the surface of the curved surface part 200. surface area 202.
  • the image light 801 is coupled into the planar part 100 from the optical coupling component, propagates through the planar part 100 and then exits from the Optocoupler components couple out.
  • FIG. 2 is a comparison view of the schematic structure and the three-dimensional structure of various components in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the planar portion 100 is an integral component, and in a variation, the planar portion 100 includes a structure assembled from multiple parts through a gluing or bonding process.
  • the optical device further includes an optical out-coupling component and an optical in-coupling component respectively connected to the planar portion 100 .
  • the flat part 100 and the curved part 200 of the optical device are manufactured separately using different molds and then assembled into a whole.
  • the thickness between the two working surfaces formed by the flat part 100 is equal everywhere, and/or the distance from the perpendicular line of the tangent line at any point on one working surface formed by the curved surface part 200 to the other working surface is equal everywhere, or the The working surface formed by the curved surface portion 200 may also have optical power.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of various components of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a comparison view of the schematic structure and the three-dimensional structure of various parts in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 .
  • a curved surface device 500 is attached to the flat area 102 of the working surface.
  • glue or filling liquid is used to bond the bonded curved surface device 500 to the planar area 102 of the working surface;
  • Figure 5 is a comparative view of the structure of each part before and after assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5 , a plurality of coupling-in and coupling-out surfaces 302 are shown, and gaps are left between the fitting curved surface component 500 and the planar area 102 of the working surface.
  • FIG. 6 is a comparative view of the structure of each part before and after assembly in yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the planar part 100 is composed of a multi-layer device, including an upper planar waveguide layer 1041 and a lower planar waveguide layer 104 . Film layers are plated between the interfaces 104 of devices of different layers.
  • the curved surface part 200 may also be composed of multi-layer devices.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention adopts the method of propagating image light in a flat area, and combining the flat surface with the curved surface to make the entire device while allowing ambient light to pass through to achieve a better appearance of the device and reduce the thickness.
  • the thickness of the central area of the lens with diopter power changes the slowest.
  • the slope at the junction of the curved surface area and the flat area is consistent with or close to the flat area. (For example, the angle between the tangent lines is less than 1°), making the appearance more beautiful and the structure smoother.
  • the entire lens has no optical power, and the optical power will not change after the external ambient light passes through the entire lens from the working surface.
  • the present invention allows the flat part to tilt from the eyes to the ears along the curve of the human face.
  • it is easier to construct an aesthetic face shape, or it can also be used Reduce overall thickness when using glasses with optical power.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

一种光学器件和AR设备，光学器件包括平面部分（100）和曲面部分（200）；平面部分（100）连接曲面部分（200）；至少部分入射光在平面部分（100）中全反射传播一次。通过采取只在平面区域（102）部分贴合具有曲率的镜片，来实现对佩戴者视力的矫正。

Description

光学器件和AR设备 技术领域
本发明涉及AR光学领域，具体地，涉及光学器件和AR设备。
背景技术
光波导器件具有将图像光线与外部环境光线合路输入人眼的功能，已被视为AR穿戴类产品重要的技术路线。然而，一般波导都是基于平面波导设计，而传统眼镜则由于外形美观或视力矫正等因素一般采用曲面面型，若在整个平面波导之外再层叠地添加额外的曲面眼镜片，将会带来整个AR设备体积和重量增大等问题。
本发明利用整个平面波导成像部分往往只占镜片很小一部分这一特性(如专利申请202210102699.7中的波导)，整个穿戴式镜片只在图像成像区域采用平面设计，而成像区域之外采用曲面设计来使整个镜片外观呈现曲面，即使对于没有光焦度的平光镜片来说也能使外形更为美观，而对于有光焦度的镜片，则由于成虚拟像用的平面部分只占镜片中心很小一部分，即使叠加带光焦度的曲面部分后，相对于完整平面镜叠加完整曲面的方案，也可以大大降低整体厚度。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种光学器件和AR设备。
根据本发明的实施例提供的一种光学器件，包括平面部分100和曲面部分200；
平面部分100连接曲面部分200；
至少部分入射光在平面部分100中全反射传播一次。
进一步地，所述光学器件包括两个工作面，光线从两个工作面透过，至少有一个工作面的至少一部分为所述平面部分100表面构成的平面区域102，另一部分为所述曲面部分200表面构成的曲面区域202。
进一步地，所述光学器件还包括分别连接平面部分100的光耦出部件、光耦入部件。
进一步地，所述光耦入部件和/或光耦出部件包括一个或多个平面和/或曲面。
进一步地，所述光耦入部件、光耦出部件包括镀有反射膜或部分反射膜或部分反射部分吸收膜层的平面、镀有反射膜或部分反射膜或部分反射部分吸收膜层的曲面、镀有反射膜或部分反射膜或部分反射部分吸收膜层的多个平面和/或曲面、棱镜、棱镜阵列、表面光栅、体光栅中的任一种或任几种器件。
进一步地，所述光耦入部件和/或光耦出部件的多个曲面、平面(例如菲涅尔面)、棱镜阵列中的任多者之间还有连接所述多个平面、曲面或棱镜阵列的连接面303或面阵列(如与耦入/耦出面302相连的连接面303)。所述连接面或面阵列可以是平面，也可以是曲面。这些连接面或面阵列上可以不镀膜让光线自由透过，也可以和其所连接的光耦入耦出面镀相同的膜层。所述面阵列是指由多个连接面303排布所形成的阵列。
进一步地，所述连接面或面阵列上任一点的切线与平面部分100的表面的夹角大于等于在平面部分100中全反射的光线与平面部分100的表面的所成的最大角。这样可以使得在平面部分100中传播而来的图像光线801只会在光耦出面(如耦入耦出面302)上反射出射，而不会击中连接面303。
进一步地，所述平面部分100包括由多个部分通过胶合或键合工艺装配而成的结构。
进一步地，所述平面部分100内部部分表面上镀有增加反射的薄膜或镀有偏振反射薄膜，和/或所述平面部分100内部部分表面上镀有吸收性质的薄膜。例如平面部分100内部的光耦出部件有两个面型互补的曲面胶合而成，其中一个曲面上镀有偏振反射膜，将从平面部分100内部传来的偏振方向为S的图像光线反射，另一个表面上镀有偏振吸收性质的膜层，外部环境光线中的P向偏振光将透过这个表面，而S向偏振光将会被吸收，从而不会因环境光线中的S分量不受控的在光耦出部件上反射形成杂光影响成像,同时也可以避免未被完全反射的剩余S向图像光再次在光路内全反射后被耦出部件二次耦出而形成鬼影。
进一步地，图像光从光耦入部件耦入平面部分100，经平面部分100传播后从光耦出部件耦出。
进一步地，工作面的平面区域102上，贴合有曲面器件500。
进一步地，贴合的曲面器件500和工作面的平面区域102之间采用胶水或填充液贴合；使用的胶水或填充液的折射率一般小于平面部分100所用材料的折射率，在一些情况下可以使n′<nsinθmin，其中n’为胶水或填充液的折射率，n为平面部分 100所用材料折射率，θmin为在平面部分100中全反射传播的图像光线与平面部分100表面法线夹角的最小值。
或者是贴合的曲面部件500和工作面的平面区域102之间留有间隙，例如10um的空气间隙。
进一步地，所述光学器件的平面部分100或平面部分100中的部分和曲面部分200使用同一模具一体制造。
进一步地，所述光学器件的平面部分100和曲面部分200使用不同模具分别制造，再组装成整体。
进一步地，所述平面部分100形成的两个工作面之间的厚度处处相等，和/或所述曲面部分200形成的两个工作面之间的厚度处处相等，厚度相等可以指的是曲面部分200表面构成的镜片上工作面901或镜片下工作面902上任一点的法线分别到对应面(镜片下工作面902或镜片上工作面901)的距离相等。
进一步地，所述曲面部分200形成的工作面具有光焦度。
进一步地，所述平面部分100或曲面部分200由多层器件构成。
进一步地，所述不同层器件交界面之间镀有膜层。
进一步地，所述膜层或整个上层或下层器件所起的作用类似于1/4波片、1/2波片、旋光片、偏振片(例如透一个偏振方向，吸收另一个偏振方向)改变光线的偏振性、改变通过光线的波长(滤波片)等的器件中的任一种或任多种。通过这种设计，可以使得在平面部分中经过不同反射次数的光线表现出不同的光学性质，即可以通过光线在平面部分中不同的反射次数来区分光线。
进一步地，所述耦入和/或耦出器件表面上任一点的切线与所述平面部分100的夹角小于其中n为平面部分100的材料的折射率,α为外部环境光线透过所述平面部分100时与所述平面部分100法线所成夹角的最大值。其中n为平面部分的材料的折射率。这样可以使得环境光中的一些部分(例如采用透P反S的偏振镀膜时的S分量光)入射耦出面时，不会从与图像光相同的方向入射到耦出的反射表面上(例如反射S光的表面)被错误的反射形成杂光或鬼影。一些应用中，当采用外部环境光以平行于平面部分表面100入射时，α＝90°，上式也可以简化为
进一步地，光耦入部件和/或光耦出部件的一部分，和/或用于补偿耦入和/或耦 出部件即耦入耦出补偿部分400与曲面部分200一体制造。例如整个器件分成两个部分平面部分100和耦入耦出部分300通过模具一体制造，补偿耦入耦出部分的部件即耦入耦出补偿部分400和曲面部分200通过模具一体制造，这样做的好处是整个器件只包含两个部件，可以降低成本及减少装备工序。例如图2中的耦入耦出补偿部分400与曲面部分200通过同一模具一体制造，平面部分100和耦入耦出部分300一体制造，镀膜后与包含曲面部分200与耦入耦出补偿部分400的部分胶合后装配成器件整体。或者也可以平面部分100和耦入耦出部分300通过同一模具一体制造，镀膜后放置入特定的模具中，注入折射率相同或接近的光学胶或光学液体，固化后(光固化或热固化)得到完整的器件，此方案中，曲面部分200与补偿部分400是在特定模具中直接制作成型在已经完成的平面部分100和耦入耦出部分300之上的，可以省去后续的胶合等步骤，进一步简化工序降低成本。
根据本发明提供的一种AR设备，包括所述的光学器件。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为本发明一个实施例的工作原理示意图。
图2为图1所示实施例中各个部件之间的示意结构与立体结构的比照图。
图3为本发明另一个实施例的各个组成部分的结构示意图。
图4为图3所示实施例中各个部分之间的示意结构与立体结构的比照图。
图5为本发明又一个实施例的各个部分组装前后结构的比照图。
图6为本发明再一个实施例的各个部分组装前后结构的比照图。
图中示出：
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
对于用于AR眼镜的平面波导来说，实际有用的平面成像区域一般是位于镜片中央一小部分区域，对于具有屈光度的眼镜来说，具有光焦度的镜片中央区域厚度变化最为缓慢，所以可以采取只在平面区域部分贴合具有曲率的镜片(与曲面部分平滑过渡，曲面部分本身具有相同面型/光焦度)，来实现对佩戴者视力的矫正，同时由于平面部分只占一小部分，而不是一个完整平面叠加完整曲面镜片的方案，可以大大降低系统厚度和重量。
实施例1
如图1所示，一种穿戴式AR眼镜，AR眼镜的镜片尺寸约45×70×5mm(总厚度，从平面最高点到曲面最低点的厚度为5mm)，工作面为45×70mm的镜片上工作面901、镜片下工作面902，镜片具有平面部分100和曲面部分200，平面部分100的表面为平面区域102，曲面部分200的表面为曲面区域202。波导成像区域是大小约15×40×3mm的平面区域102，曲面区域与平面区域交界处903斜率与平面区域102一致，曲面区域202成弧形设计，使得外观更加美观。
此实施例中平面区域102及曲面区域202都采用等厚设计，即整个镜片不具有光焦度，外部环境光线802从工作面透过整个镜片后光焦度不会发生改变，类似平光眼镜。
平面区域102两端具有图像光耦入耦出部件300，耦入部件将成像系统发出的图像光线耦入波导，在波导中数次反射传播后从耦出部件耦出与环境光合路后导入观看者眼中。
此实施例中耦入耦出部件300是具有一定的面型的曲面，耦入面、耦出面表面镀有增加反射的薄膜，例如半透半反或偏振反射。图像光线可以是直接从成像器件输出耦合入平面波导，也可以在成像器件之后增加透镜、反光镜、波片等光学元器件，经过光学元器件调制后耦入平面波导，其中，成像器件例如是MicroLED、LCoS、OLED、LCD、MEMS scanner或者DMD等。
如图2所示，此实施例中的透镜可以分别制作曲面部分200、平面部分100。通过模具可以分别制作曲面部分200和平面部分100，以及对耦入耦出部分300进行补偿的器 件，即耦入耦出补偿部分400。对于与平面部分100一体制作的耦入耦出部分300的表面进行镀膜，再将平面部分100、曲面部分200及耦入耦出补偿部分400通过胶合(耦入耦出补偿部分400也可以和曲面部分200通过同一模具一体制造)、键合等手段组装成一个整体，其中，镀膜可以是半透半反膜，或者透P光反S光的偏振反射膜等，也可以镀在耦入耦出补偿部分400与耦入耦出部分300的曲面相交的表面上。或者也可以是耦入耦出部分300表面镀上透P反S光的薄膜而，耦入耦出补偿部分400上与耦入耦出部分300相交的表面上镀有透P吸收S光的薄膜。
在此实施例的一个变形例中，耦入耦出部分300的面型也可以采用菲涅尔化(由多个平面或曲面组成)的设计，将一个完整曲面用等效的多个并列小曲面替代，这样做的好处是在相同Eye Box和FOV参数下可以减小耦入耦出部件300的厚度。
实施例2
如图3、图4所示，此实施例在器件中的平面部分100的上下方贴合有具有光焦度的曲面器件500，曲面部分200也采用具有光焦度的设计，且光焦度与贴合在平面部分100的曲面器件500一致。
如图3所示，实际制作时，可以先使用模具分别制作出曲面部分200、平面部分100及耦入耦出部分300、耦入耦出补偿部分400、贴合平面部分100的曲面器件500。对耦入耦出面镀膜，例如镀反射膜或偏振反射膜，然后将耦入耦出补偿部分400作为补偿器件贴合在耦入耦出面上，之后依次将平面部分100嵌入曲面部分200并胶合，然后将贴合平面部分100的曲面器件500贴合到平面部分100之上。此处需要注意的是，对于平面部分100的上下表面在胶合曲面部分200及曲面器件500时需使用折射率较低的光学胶，以保证在平面波导内传播的图像光仍满足全反射条件，或者上下表面与曲面部分200和/或曲面器件500相交部分留有很薄的空气间隙，例如5～10um的空气间隙。而平面波导四边的侧面与曲面部分200的胶合则尽量使用折射率与平面波导材料相同或相近的材料，以减小由于胶材折射率偏差较大对环境光穿过波导时造成的影响，其中，折射率相近例如是指两者之差小于0.05。在优选例中，曲面部分200及上面的曲面器件500可以采用与平面波导相同的材料。
在此实施例的一个变形例中，平面波导部分可以是倾斜置入曲面部分200中，即平面部分100的垂线与曲面部分200的中轴不平行，如图4所示，当作为穿戴式设备使用时，可以起到使平面部分100沿着人面部的曲线从眼睛往耳朵处倾斜，结合曲面部分200后可以更容易的构造出符合审美的面型，或者也可以在使用具有光焦度的眼镜时降低整 体厚度。
在此实施例的一个变形例中，整个光学器件镜片由两个分别一体制造的部分组成。贴合在平面部分100上的曲面器件500与耦入耦出补偿部分400一体制造，如图5所示，下部的平面部分100、耦入耦出面302以及曲面部分200一体制造。此实施例中耦入耦出部分300采用菲涅尔化设计，用多个并列的曲面阵列代替完整曲面，这么做的好处是可以减小曲面厚度。得到曲面部分200和平面部分100后先对耦入耦出面302镀增反膜层，然后将整个耦入耦出补偿部分400胶合上去。此实施例中通过模具设计可以使波导平面部分100的上部与曲面器件500的交界面留有一定间隙，保证图像光在平面部分100波导内的全反射传播不会被破坏。这样制作出的光学器件整体成曲面构型，根据需求，相对于外部透入的环境光可以具有光焦度，以矫正近视、远视、散光等视力问题，或者也可以是平光镜而没有光焦度。
此实施例的一个变形例中，平面波导，即平面部分100，还可以分为上下两层，如图6所示，上下两层分别是平面波导上层1041、平面波导下层1042。上下层采用相同材料制作，也可采用不同材料，上下层的交界面104上镀有起到1/4波片功能的膜层，或者起旋光作用的膜层，入射的图像光为圆偏振，在第一次经过1/4波片后变为P向的线偏光，在平面波导上表面反射再次入射上述膜层后变为圆偏光，经过平面波导下表面反射后再次经过所述膜层后变为S向的线偏光。换言之在上下表面经历不同次数的反射光其到达耦出区时其偏振特性不同，从而通过在耦出区采用例如透P偏振光反S偏正光的偏振镀膜可以控制不同反射次数的光在耦出区不同位置被耦出。同时由于上述1/4波片对外部入射的环境光不会产生肉眼可见的明显变化，所以不会影响对环境光的观看。
在上述实施例的一个变形例中，还可以在平面波导上下层的交界面104上增加偏振膜层，将经过1/4波片后部分未被完全调制的偏振光滤除，从而消减杂光。
下面结合说明书附图，以优选例/变化例的方式对本发明进行更为具体的说明。
图1为本发明一个实施例的工作原理示意图。图1示出的结构可以是AR眼镜的镜片，镜片为光学器件。该镜片包括平面部分100和曲面部分200，平面部分100连接曲面部分200，具体是嵌入的方式实现连接，使用者观看平面部分100可以观察到图像光线801和外部环境光线802，至少部分入射光在平面部分100中全反射传播一次。镜片包括两个工作面，外部环境光线802从两个工作面透过，至少有一个工作面的至少一部分为所述平面部分100表面构成的平面区域102，另一部分为所述曲面部分200表面构成的曲面区域202。图像光线801从光耦入部件耦入平面部分100，经平面部分100传播后从 光耦出部件耦出。
图2为图1所示实施例中各个部件之间的示意结构与立体结构的比照图。从图2中可见，所述平面部分100为一个整体部件，而在变化例中，平面部分100包括由多个部分通过胶合或键合工艺装配而成的结构。所述光学器件还包括分别连接平面部分100的光耦出部件、光耦入部件。所述光学器件的平面部分100和曲面部分200使用不同模具分别制造，再组装成整体。所述平面部分100形成的两个工作面之间的厚度处处相等，和/或所述曲面部分200形成的一个工作面上任一点切线的垂线到另一个工作面的距离处处相等，或者所述曲面部分200形成的工作面也可以具有光焦度。
图3为本发明另一个实施例的各个组成部分的结构示意图。图4为图3所示实施例中各个部分之间的示意结构与立体结构的比照图。如图3、图4所示，工作面的平面区域102上，贴合有曲面器件500。其中，贴合的曲面器件500和工作面的平面区域102之间采用胶水或填充液贴合；
图5为本发明又一个实施例的各个部分组装前后结构的比照图。如图5所示，示出了多个耦入耦出面302，贴合的曲面部件500和工作面的平面区域102之间留有间隙。
图6为本发明再一个实施例的各个部分组装前后结构的比照图。如图6所示，所述平面部分100由多层器件构成，包括平面波导上层1041、平面波导下层104。所述不同层器件交界面104之间镀有膜层。而在优选例中，曲面部分200也可以由多层器件构成。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
1、本发明采取图像光线在平面区域中传播，并且平面结合曲面制作器件整体同时允许环境光透过的方式来实现器件更好的外观，以及减小厚度。
2、只在平面区域部分贴合具有曲率的镜片(与曲面部分平滑过渡，曲面部分本身具有相同面型/光焦度)，来实现对佩戴者视力的矫正。避免传统平面波导需要使用整块平面波导及外在增加整块曲面镜片的方式实现视力矫正，镜片厚度及重量可以大大减小。
3、对于具有屈光度的镜片来说，由于平面成像区域一般位于镜片中央，对于具有光焦度的镜片中央区域厚度变化最为缓慢，本发明中曲面区域与平面区域交界处斜率与平面区域一致或接近(例如切线的夹角小于1°)，使得外观更加美观，结构更加平滑。
4、当平面区域及曲面区域都采用等厚设计时，整个镜片不具有光焦度，外部环境光线从工作面透过整个镜片后光焦度不会发生改变。
5、当作为穿戴式设备使用时，本发明可以允许平面部分沿着人面部的曲线从眼睛往耳朵处倾斜，结合曲面部分后可以更容易的构造出符合审美的面型，或者也可以在使用具有光焦度的眼镜时降低整体厚度。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种光学器件，其特征在于，包括平面部分(100)和曲面部分(200)；
    平面部分(100)连接曲面部分(200)；
    至少部分入射光在平面部分(100)中全反射传播一次。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件包括至少两个工作面，光线从两个工作面透过，至少有一个工作面的至少一部分为所述平面部分(100)表面构成的平面区域(102)，另一部分为所述曲面部分(200)表面构成的曲面区域(202)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件还包括分别连接平面部分(100)的光耦出部件和/或光耦入部件。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光耦入部件和/或光耦出部件包括一个或多个平面和/或曲面。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光耦入部件、光耦出部件包括镀有反射膜或部分反射膜或部分反射部分吸收膜层的平面、镀有反射膜或部分反射膜或部分反射部分吸收膜层的曲面、镀有反射膜或部分反射膜或部分反射部分吸收膜层的多个平面和/或曲面、棱镜、棱镜阵列、表面光栅、体光栅中的任一种或任几种器件。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的光学器件，所述光耦入部件和/或光耦出部件的多个平面、曲面、棱镜阵列中的任多者之间还有连接所述平面、曲面或棱镜阵列的连接面或面阵列。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的光学器件，所述连接面或面阵列上任一点的切线与平面部分(100)的表面的夹角大于等于在平面部分(100)中全反射的光线与平面部分(100)的表面的所成的最大角。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述平面部分(100)包括由多个部分通过胶合或键合工艺装配而成的结构。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述平面部分(100)内部部分表面上镀有增加反射的薄膜或镀有偏振反射薄膜，和/或所述平面部分(100)内部部分表面上镀有吸收或偏振吸收的薄膜。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的光学器件，其特征在于，图像光从光耦入部件耦入平面部分(100)，经平面部分(100)传播后从光耦出部件耦出。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的光学器件，其特征在于，工作面的平面区域(102)上，贴合有曲面器件(500)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的光学器件，其特征在于，贴合的曲面器件(500)和工作面的平面区域(102)之间采用胶水或填充液贴合；
    或者是贴合的曲面部件(500)和工作面的平面区域(102)之间留有间隙。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件的平面部分(100)中的部分和曲面部分(200)使用同一模具一体制造。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件的平面部分(100)和曲面部分(200)使用不同模具分别制造，再组装成整体。
  15. 根据权利要求2所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述平面部分(100)形成的两个工作面之间的厚度处处相等，和/或所述曲面部分(200)形成的两个工作面之间的厚度处处相等。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述曲面部分(200)形成的工作面具有光焦度。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述平面部分(100)和/或曲面部分(200)由多层器件构成。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述不同层器件交界面之间镀有膜层。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述膜层所起的作用为1/4波片、1/2波片、偏振片、旋光片、改变光线的偏振性作用中的任一种或任多种。
  20. 根据权利要求3所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光耦入部件和/或光耦出部件表面上任一点的切线与所述平面部分(100)的夹角小于其中n为平面部分(100)的材料的折射率,α为外部环境光线透过所述平面部分(100)时与所述平面部分(100)法线所成夹角的最大值。
  21. 根据权利要求3的光学器件，其特征在于，光耦入部件和/或光耦出部件的一部分，和/或用于补偿光耦入部件和/或光耦出部件的部分与曲面部分(200)一体制造。
  22. 一种AR设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至21中任一项所述的光学器件。
PCT/CN2023/083600 2022-03-28 2023-03-24 光学器件和ar设备 WO2023185663A1 (zh)

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