WO2023184993A1 - 一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023184993A1
WO2023184993A1 PCT/CN2022/131690 CN2022131690W WO2023184993A1 WO 2023184993 A1 WO2023184993 A1 WO 2023184993A1 CN 2022131690 W CN2022131690 W CN 2022131690W WO 2023184993 A1 WO2023184993 A1 WO 2023184993A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
disassembly
explosion
proof
power battery
dismantling
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PCT/CN2022/131690
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶俊英
姜校林
李长东
Original Assignee
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普汽车循环有限公司
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Application filed by 湖南邦普循环科技有限公司, 广东邦普循环科技有限公司, 湖南邦普汽车循环有限公司 filed Critical 湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
Publication of WO2023184993A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023184993A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of recycling and dismantling of new energy power batteries, and particularly relates to a safe disassembly system and method for accidental power battery packs.
  • Accident power battery packs mainly fall into the following categories: battery packs that suffered severe structural deformation due to mechanical damage such as extrusion or collision; battery packs that were completely or incompletely burned after a fire; battery packs that were soaked in water after an abnormality occurred, etc. .
  • Extrusion, collision and other factors cause the shell or fasteners of the battery pack to deform, making it impossible to dismantle the pack shell and the internal high-voltage connection harness through normal disassembly methods, making it impossible to perform physical or water discharge; fire, water and other factors cause The internal high-voltage circuit of the battery pack was broken, and some of the battery cell terminals were corroded and could not discharge normally.
  • the modules or cells of the accidental power battery pack may still store electrical energy, which may cause electric shocks, battery fires and explosions, and the generation of large amounts of smoke, dust, and exhaust gases, causing serious personal injuries to dismantling workers, causing fires, and leaking toxic and harmful gases. Destroy the environment, etc.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • the present invention proposes a safe disassembly system and method for accident power battery packs.
  • the safe disassembly system of accident power battery packs can not only efficiently dismantle accident power battery packs of various structures, but also ensure the disassembly. It not only ensures the personal safety of dismantling personnel, but also meets the environmental protection requirements of dismantling operations.
  • a safe disassembly system for an accident power battery pack includes: an explosion-proof disassembly room, a disassembly platform is provided in the explosion-proof disassembly room, and the disassembly platform includes an underwater The demolition area and underwater dismantling pool; the battery disassembly mechanism is located in the explosion-proof disassembly room and can cooperate with the disassembly platform to dismantle the accident power battery pack; the material inlet and outlet mechanism can dismantle the accident power battery pack.
  • an exhaust gas treatment mechanism is used to process the exhaust gas generated in the explosion-proof dismantling room;
  • a remote monitoring mechanism is used to monitor The disassembly process of the accident power battery pack is remotely monitored, and the battery disassembly mechanism, the material inlet and outlet mechanism and the exhaust gas treatment mechanism can be remotely controlled, and when the accident power battery pack is disassembled, the explosion-proof The dismantling room is sealed.
  • a safe disassembly system for an accident power battery pack has at least the following technical effects: operators can remotely disassemble the accident power battery pack through the safe disassembly system of the accident power battery pack.
  • the remote monitoring mechanism, the loading and unloading mechanism and the battery dismantling mechanism carry out continuous operations on the accident power battery to achieve the purpose of efficient dismantling; at the same time, the accident power battery pack that is initially judged to be dead can be directly controlled and broken in the demolition area outside the water.
  • the accidental power battery pack that is initially judged to be live can be dismantled underwater in the underwater dismantling pool to prevent fire and explosion; in addition, the exhaust gas generated in the explosion-proof dismantling room can be processed through the exhaust gas treatment mechanism, and dismantled During the process, the explosion-proof disassembly room is in a sealed state, which can effectively prevent the harmful gases generated during the disassembly process from escaping. This can not only efficiently dismantle the accidental power battery pack, but also ensure the personal safety of the operators and meet the requirements of Environmental requirements for dismantling operations.
  • a spray mechanism is further included.
  • the spray mechanism is remotely controlled by the remote monitoring mechanism.
  • the spray mechanism includes a dust-reducing fog cannon and a fire-fighting water cannon arranged above the disassembly platform. .
  • operators When operators generate thick smoke and dust during the dismantling of the accident power battery pack, they can remotely turn on the dust reduction fog cannon to remove smoke and dust.
  • the accident power battery pack When the accident power battery pack is dismantled in the water demolition area, it explodes and forms an open flame. , the fire water cannon can be turned on remotely to control the fire and extinguish the fire in time.
  • a disassembly basket can be lifted and lowered in the underwater dismantling tank, and the remote monitoring mechanism can control the lifting and lowering of the disassembly basket.
  • the remote monitoring mechanism can control the lifting and lowering of the disassembly basket.
  • the disassembly basket is controlled to rise to the water surface, and then the battery disassembly mechanism is remotely controlled to transfer the disassembled materials to the inlet and outlet mechanism. Move up and out of the explosion-proof dismantling room.
  • a circulating pool is further included, and the circulating pool is connected with the underwater dismantling pool.
  • the water in the underwater dismantling pool is pumped to the circulating pool through the pipeline through the circulating water pump. It is cooled and precipitated in the circulating pool and then pumped back to the underwater dismantling pool for reuse, thus effectively saving water resources.
  • it is ensured that the water in the underwater dismantling pool is always at a lower temperature during continuous operation.
  • a slide is provided at the bottom of the circulating pool
  • a sediment tank is provided at the bottom of the slide
  • a sewage pipe is connected to the sediment tank.
  • the impurities in the circulating pool settle on the slope at the bottom of the pool, and are collected into the sediment tank through the slope, and then the sediment is pumped out through the sewage pipe, thereby facilitating the treatment of the impurity sedimentation in the circulating pool.
  • the battery disassembly mechanism includes a disassembly machine that can move in the explosion-proof disassembly room.
  • the disassembly machine is provided with a movable arm, and a useful device is installed on the arm.
  • the clamp used in the disassembly of the power battery in the accident.
  • the operator can remotely control the dismantling machine to move in the explosion-proof dismantling room through the remote monitoring mechanism, remotely control the arm movements of the dismantling machine, and remotely control the clamping claws of the dismantling machine to snatch and drag the accidental power battery pack. Moving, clamping, tearing and twisting and other disassembly actions.
  • the dismantling machine is a hydraulic excavator.
  • the feeding and discharging mechanism includes an automatic feeding door, a feeding conveying line, an automatic discharging door and a discharging conveying line provided on the explosion-proof disassembly room.
  • the automatic feeding door Linked with the feeding conveying line, when the feeding conveying line is running to feed, the feeding automatic door opens. When the feeding is completed, the feeding automatic door closes, and the discharging automatic door is connected to the feeding conveying line.
  • the discharging conveying line is linked. When the discharging conveying line runs to discharge material, the automatic discharging door opens. When the discharging is completed, the automatic discharging door closes.
  • the exhaust gas treatment mechanism is composed of a gas collecting hood, an air duct, a spray tower, a fan and a chimney.
  • the gas collecting hood is arranged on the top of the explosion-proof disassembly room, and the fan is Under the action of the gas collecting hood, the exhaust gas generated in the explosion-proof dismantling room can be introduced into the spray tower through the air duct for processing, and then discharged through the chimney.
  • the exhaust gas treatment mechanism can form a slight negative pressure state in the explosion-proof dismantling room to prevent the leakage of exhaust gas in the explosion-proof dismantling room.
  • the gas collecting hood has a fan-shaped structure and cooperates with the air duct under the action of the fan to efficiently collect the waste gas generated in the explosion-proof dismantling room.
  • the waste gas is then introduced into the spray tower.
  • the spray tower can collect dust particles in the waste gas while processing toxic and harmful substances, purify the waste gas, and then discharge the waste gas that meets the standard through the chimney.
  • the remote monitoring mechanism includes a monitoring imaging mechanism and an explosion-proof control room.
  • the explosion-proof control room is provided with a control platform.
  • the monitoring imaging mechanism includes a monitoring terminal and a display screen that cooperates with the monitoring terminal. Terminal, the monitoring terminal is arranged in the explosion-proof dismantling room for collecting the situation in the explosion-proof dismantling room, and the display screen terminal is arranged in the explosion-proof control room. Operators can watch the situation in the explosion-proof disassembly room through the display terminal in the explosion-proof control room, and control the battery disassembly mechanism, material inlet and outlet mechanism and exhaust gas treatment mechanism through the control platform to complete the disassembly of the accident power battery pack.
  • the monitoring terminal includes a video camera, a thermal imaging camera and a sensor.
  • the sensor is at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a toxic and harmful gas sensor and a gas concentration sensor.
  • the video camera assists the operator in observing the readiness status of the incoming and outgoing materials and assists the operator in remotely dismantling the accident power battery pack on the disassembly platform.
  • the thermal imaging camera assists the operator in understanding the heating and electric energy release of the accident power battery pack at the disassembly site.
  • the sensor can collect parameters such as temperature, humidity, toxic and harmful gas detection, and combustible gas concentration detection in the explosion-proof dismantling room, and transmit them to the explosion-proof control room.
  • an observation window is provided on the wall of the explosion-proof dismantling room.
  • the glass of the observation window is explosion-proof glass, and inspectors can observe the working conditions in the explosion-proof dismantling room through the observation window.
  • the explosion-proof control room is partitioned by explosion-proof glass and the inner wall of the explosion-proof disassembly room.
  • the explosion-proof control room is built suspended in the explosion-proof dismantling room, the explosion-proof control room is provided with an explosion-proof roof on the top, and the explosion-proof dismantling room is provided with an explosion-proof roof on the outer wall. Stairs leading to the control room.
  • a rotary seat is provided in the explosion-proof control room.
  • the rotary seat can rotate in proportion. It can better satisfy the operator's observation field of view.
  • control platform is integrally provided on the rotating seat. It can make it more convenient for operators to carry out control operations.
  • control method of the safe disassembly system of the accident power battery pack as described above includes the following steps:
  • the remote monitoring mechanism controls the battery disassembly mechanism to dismantle the accident power battery pack, in which it is confirmed that the uncharged accident power battery pack can be directly disassembled by the battery in the water disassembly area.
  • the accident power battery pack that cannot be confirmed to be charged or not is moved to the underwater disassembly pool through the battery disassembly mechanism, and is disassembled underwater through the battery disassembly mechanism;
  • the battery disassembly mechanism is controlled by the remote monitoring mechanism to move the disassembled materials to the dismantling material inlet and outlet mechanism, and the dismantled materials are moved to the dismantled material inlet and outlet mechanism by the remote monitoring mechanism. Move out of the explosion-proof dismantling room and manually unload materials;
  • control method for the safe disassembly system of an accident power battery pack includes the following steps:
  • the loading and unloading staff use a forklift to place the accident power battery pack on the pallet on the feeding conveyor line of the loading and unloading mechanism.
  • the automatic feeding door opens, and the feeding conveyor line transports the accident power battery pack into the explosion-proof disassembly room.
  • the automatic feeding door automatically closes, and the operator remotely operates the disassembly machine to remove the accident power battery pack from the inlet.
  • the accident power battery pack is directly dismantled in the underwater demolition area: Use a disassembly machine to clamp the upper cover of the accident power battery pack and tear it off from the battery pack; then clamp the battery cell or module and rotate it Twist off the battery cell or module with the chuck; during the disassembly process, you can use the thermal imaging camera to observe the short-circuit and heating conditions inside the battery.
  • smoke appears, turn on the dust-reducing fog cannon. Remove smoke and dust. If a small fire occurs in the battery, turn on the fire water cannon to extinguish the fire. If the fire is large, use a disassembly machine to move the battery pack into an underwater disassembly pool for disassembly;
  • the accident power battery pack is dismantled in the underwater disassembly pool: first check that the disassembly basket in the underwater disassembly pool has sunk into place, and then operate the disassembly machine to pick up the accident power battery pack and place it in the disassembly basket , and then operate the disassembly machine to separate the cells or modules in the battery pack underwater, so that the battery cells or modules fall off the battery pack shell. If the battery pack has electricity, let the electricity be released in the water. , after the bubbles and smoke subside, raise the disassembly basket and observe the internal heating of the battery through thermal imaging infrared monitoring;
  • the fan After the exhaust gas treatment mechanism is turned on, the fan will exhaust the gas in the explosion-proof dismantling room through the air duct and the gas collecting hood, so that the explosion-proof dismantling room will form a slight negative pressure state. Under the negative pressure state, the explosion-proof dismantling room will The waste gas inside will not leak out.
  • the waste gas generated in the explosion-proof dismantling room passes through the spray tower, and the dust particles in the waste gas are washed into the washing liquid. The toxic and harmful substances in the waste gas neutralize the chemicals in the washing liquid. The remaining clean gas is discharged through the chimney to meet the standard at high altitude;
  • the bottom of the circulating pool adopts a slope structure. There is a sediment pool at the bottom of the slope. The impurities in the circulating pool settle on the slope at the bottom of the pool and are collected into the sediment pool. The desilting pump in the sediment pool passes the sediment through The sewage pipe is pumped to the collection box outside the circulating pool, and the sediment is transferred and processed separately.
  • the safe disassembly system of the accident power battery pack of the present invention can satisfy the efficient disassembly of accident battery packs of various structures through remote control;
  • the safe disassembly system of accident power battery packs of the present invention can adopt specific disassembly methods for accident power battery packs in different situations, which can effectively prevent explosions and open flames during the disassembly process and ensure the personal safety of operators. ;
  • the explosion-proof disassembly room in the safe disassembly system of the accident power battery pack of the present invention is in a sealed state during the disassembly process of the accident power battery pack, and the explosion-proof disassembly room is connected with an exhaust gas treatment mechanism, which can effectively prevent Leakage of toxic and harmful gases to ensure environmental protection requirements of operations;
  • the exhaust gas treatment mechanism can use smaller pipes and smaller power.
  • the fan can maintain a slight negative pressure state in the disassembly room with low cost and low energy consumption.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention after removing the top cover of the explosion-proof disassembly room;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the explosion-proof disassembly room according to the embodiment of the present invention with the top cover removed;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a disassembly machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 201 Disassembly machine; 202. Machine arm; 203. Clamp;
  • orientation descriptions such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or position relationships shown in the drawings and are only In order to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, it is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
  • a safe disassembly system for accidental power battery packs includes: an explosion-proof disassembly room 100, a battery disassembly mechanism, a material inlet and outlet mechanism, an exhaust gas treatment mechanism and remote monitoring mechanism; a dismantling platform is provided in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100, and the dismantling platform includes an underwater dismantling area 101 and an underwater dismantling pool 102; the battery dismantling mechanism is located in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 and can cooperate with the dismantling platform to The accidental power battery pack is dismantled; the inlet and outlet mechanism can move the accidental power battery pack to the explosion-proof disassembly room 100, and can move the disassembled materials out of the explosion-proof disassembly room 100; the exhaust gas treatment mechanism is used to handle the explosion-proof disassembly The exhaust gas generated in 100 seconds; the remote monitoring mechanism is used to remotely monitor the disa
  • the walls and floors of the explosion-proof disassembly room 100 are made of reinforced concrete to meet fire protection and explosion-proof requirements. Operators can use the safe disassembly system of the accident power battery pack to perform accident power disassembly.
  • the battery pack can be disassembled remotely, and the accidental power battery can be dismantled continuously through the remote monitoring mechanism, the loading and unloading mechanism and the battery disassembly mechanism to achieve the purpose of efficient disassembly; at the same time, the accidental power battery pack that is initially judged to be dead can be
  • the demolition area 101 is directly controlled outside the water.
  • the accidental power battery pack that is initially judged to be live can be demolished underwater in the underwater dismantling pool 102 to prevent fire and explosion.
  • the explosion-proof demolition can be carried out through the exhaust gas treatment mechanism.
  • the waste gas generated in the dismantling room is processed, and during the dismantling process, the explosion-proof dismantling room is in a sealed state, which can effectively prevent the harmful gases generated during the dismantling process from escaping, thus meeting the requirements for efficient dismantling of accident power battery packs and It can ensure the personal safety of operators and meet the environmental protection requirements of dismantling operations.
  • a spray mechanism is also included.
  • the spray mechanism is remotely controlled by a remote monitoring mechanism.
  • the spray mechanism includes a dust-reducing mist cannon 601 and a fire-fighting water cannon 602 arranged above the disassembly platform.
  • multiple dust-falling fog cannons 601 and fire water cannons 602 are staggered along the length of the disassembly platform.
  • the dust reduction fog cannon 601 can be turned on remotely to remove smoke and dust.
  • the fire water cannon 602 can be turned on remotely to control the fire and extinguish the fire in time.
  • a disassembly basket 103 can be lifted and lowered in the underwater dismantling pool 102, and the remote monitoring mechanism can control the lifting and lowering of the disassembly basket 103.
  • the disassembly basket 103 is composed of profiles and mesh plates.
  • the disassembly basket 103 has undergone anti-corrosion treatment to prevent corrosion of the disassembly basket 103 due to long-term immersion in wastewater containing electrolyte.
  • the disassembly basket 103 is tightly Type frame structure, fast and durable.
  • Four hydraulic cylinders 105 are arranged around the underwater dismantling pool 102. The four hydraulic cylinders 105 are respectively connected to the disassembly basket 103 to drive the disassembly basket 103 up and down.
  • the operator can control it remotely
  • the battery disassembly mechanism places the accident power battery pack that is initially judged to be charged in the disassembly basket 103, it controls the hydraulic cylinder 105 to drive the disassembly basket 103 to descend to the water surface of the underwater disassembly pool 102.
  • the accident power battery pack is disassembled so that the disassembled materials are placed in the disassembly basket 103.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 105 is controlled to drive the disassembly basket 103 to rise to the water surface, and then the battery disassembly mechanism is remotely controlled to disassemble the battery pack.
  • the decomposed materials are transferred to the discharging and discharging mechanism and moved out of the explosion-proof dismantling room 100.
  • a circulating pool 701 is also included, and the circulating pool 701 is connected with the underwater dismantling pool 102 .
  • the water in the underwater dismantling pool 102 is pumped to the circulating pool 701 through the pipeline through the circulating water pump. After cooling and precipitating impurities in the circulating pool 701, it is pumped back to the underwater dismantling pool 102 for reuse, thereby effectively Save water resources and ensure that the water in the underwater dismantling tank 102 is always at a lower temperature during continuous operation.
  • a slide is provided at the bottom of the circulating pool 701
  • a sediment tank 702 is provided at the bottom of the slide
  • a sewage discharge pipe 703 is connected to the sediment tank 702.
  • the impurities in the circulating pool 701 settle on the slope at the bottom of the pool, and are collected into the sediment pool 702 through the slope, and then the sediment is pumped out through the sewage pipe 703, thereby facilitating the treatment of the impurity sediments in the circulating pool 701.
  • the battery disassembly mechanism includes a disassembly machine 201 that can move in the explosion-proof disassembly room 100.
  • the disassembly machine 201 is provided with a movable arm 202, and a useful device is installed on the arm 202. Clamp 203 used in the disassembly of the power battery in the accident.
  • the dismantling machine 201 is a hydraulic excavator, which is equipped with a remote operating system that can be remotely operated by the operator.
  • the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 is equipped with a door for the dismantling machine 201 to enter and exit. Through the gate 106, the operator can remotely control the dismantling machine 201 to move in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 through the remote monitoring mechanism.
  • the operator can remotely control the movement of the arm 202 of the dismantling machine 201, and can also remotely control the clamping claw 203 of the dismantling machine 201. Carry out dismantling actions such as grabbing, dragging, clamping, tearing and twisting the accidental power battery pack.
  • the feeding and discharging mechanism includes an automatic feeding door 301, a feeding conveying line 302, an automatic discharging door 303 and a discharging conveying line 304 provided on the explosion-proof dismantling room 100.
  • the door 301 is linked to the feed conveyor line 302.
  • the feed automatic door 301 opens.
  • the feed automatic door 301 closes, and the discharging automatic door 303 is connected to the discharging conveyor.
  • Line 304 is linked.
  • the discharging conveyor line 304 is running to discharge materials, the automatic discharging door 303 opens.
  • the automatic discharging door 303 closes.
  • the infeed conveyor line 302 and the outfeed conveyor line 304 are both plate chain conveyor lines.
  • the infeed conveyor line 302 and the outfeed conveyor line 304 are both sunken installations.
  • the conveyor surface is level with the ground to facilitate the placement of material boxes and pallets.
  • Putting and transferring, half of the feed conveying line 302 and the discharging conveying line 304 are located inside the explosion-proof dismantling room 100, and half are located outside the explosion-proof dismantling room 100, and both the feeding conveying line 302 and the discharging conveying line 304 can run in both directions.
  • the exhaust gas treatment mechanism consists of a gas collection hood 401, an air duct 402, a spray tower 403, a fan 404 and a chimney 405.
  • the gas collection hood 401 is installed at the top of the explosion-proof disassembly room 100. Under the action of the fan 404, the gas collecting hood 401 can introduce the waste gas generated in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 through the air duct 402 to the spray tower 403 for processing, and then discharge it through the chimney 405.
  • the exhaust gas treatment mechanism can make the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 form a slight negative pressure state to prevent the exhaust gas in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 from leaking out.
  • the gas collecting hood 401 has a fan-shaped structure and can be efficiently collected by the air duct 402 under the action of the fan 404.
  • the exhaust gas generated in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 is then introduced into the spray tower 403.
  • the spray tower 403 can collect dust particles in the exhaust gas while processing toxic and harmful substances, purify the exhaust gas, and then discharge the up to standard exhaust gas through the chimney 405.
  • the remote monitoring mechanism includes a monitoring imaging mechanism and an explosion-proof control room 501.
  • the explosion-proof control room 501 is provided with a control platform 502.
  • the monitoring imaging mechanism includes a monitoring terminal 503 and a display screen that cooperates with the monitoring terminal 503.
  • the terminal 504 and the monitoring terminal 503 are installed in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 for collecting the situation in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100
  • the display screen terminal 504 is installed in the explosion-proof control room 501 .
  • the operator can watch the situation in the explosion-proof disassembly room 100 through the display terminal 504 in the explosion-proof control room 501, and control the battery disassembly mechanism, material inlet and outlet mechanism and exhaust gas treatment mechanism through the control platform 502 to complete the disassembly of the accident power battery pack. untie.
  • the monitoring terminal 503 includes a video camera, a thermal imaging camera and a sensor.
  • the sensor is at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a toxic and harmful gas sensor and a gas concentration sensor.
  • multiple monitoring terminals 503 are set up around the dismantling platform and on the outer walls of the explosion-proof dismantling room.
  • Video cameras assist the operator in observing the readiness status of the incoming and outgoing materials and assist the operator in remotely monitoring the accident power battery pack on the dismantling platform.
  • the thermal imaging camera assists the operator in understanding the heating and electric energy release of the accidental power battery pack at the disassembly site.
  • the sensor can collect and transmit parameters such as temperature, humidity, toxic and harmful gas detection, and combustible gas concentration detection in the explosion-proof disassembly room. Go to explosion-proof control room 501.
  • an observation window 104 is provided on the wall of the explosion-proof disassembly room 100 .
  • the glass of the observation window 104 is explosion-proof glass, and the inspection personnel can observe the operation conditions in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 through the observation window 104 .
  • the explosion-proof control room 501 is partitioned by explosion-proof glass and the inner wall of the explosion-proof disassembly room 100 .
  • the explosion-proof control room 501 is built suspended in the explosion-proof disassembly room 100.
  • An explosion-proof roof is provided on the top of the explosion-proof control room 501.
  • the outer wall of the explosion-proof disassembly room 100 is provided with an explosion-proof roof that communicates with the explosion-proof control room 501. Stairs 107.
  • the operator can overlook all the conditions in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 through the glass wall of the explosion-proof control room 501, so as to understand all the dynamics in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 in a timely manner.
  • the operator can fully control the explosion-proof dismantling in the explosion-proof control room 501.
  • Various equipment in room 100, explosion-proof control room 501 is equipped with a cleaning device on the outside of the glass, which can automatically clean water mist and dust on the glass.
  • a rotary seat 505 is provided in the explosion-proof control room 501.
  • the rotary seat 505 can rotate in proportion. It can better satisfy the operator's observation field of view.
  • control platform 502 is integrated on the rotating seat 505, and the control platform 502 integrates multiple functions such as ventilation, lighting, material in and out, fire protection, flushing, lifting and lowering of the disassembly basket 103, etc. Buttons make it easier for operators to control operations.
  • control method of the safe disassembly system of the accident power battery pack as described above includes the following steps:
  • the remote monitoring mechanism controls the battery disassembly mechanism to dismantle the accident power battery pack.
  • the accident power battery pack that is confirmed to be uncharged can be directly disassembled by the battery disassembly mechanism in the water disassembly area 101. It cannot be confirmed.
  • the accident power battery pack whether it is charged or not is moved to the underwater disassembly pool 102 through the battery disassembly mechanism, and is disassembled underwater through the battery disassembly mechanism;
  • control method for the safe disassembly system of an accident power battery pack as described above includes the following steps:
  • the operator enters the explosion-proof control room 501 via the stairs 107, turns on the power of the equipment, turns on the fan 404 of the exhaust gas treatment mechanism, checks the status of each equipment system, and prepares for disassembly;
  • the accident power battery pack is directly dismantled in the underwater demolition area 101: Use the disassembly machine 201 to clamp the upper cover of the accident power battery pack and tear it off from the battery pack; then clamp the battery cells or modules , rotate the chuck to twist off the battery cell or module; during the disassembly process, the thermal imaging camera can be used to observe the internal short-circuit and heating conditions of the battery.
  • the thermal imaging camera can be used to observe the internal short-circuit and heating conditions of the battery.
  • the cannon 601 removes smoke and dust. If a small fire occurs in the battery, the fire water cannon 602 is turned on to extinguish the fire. If the fire is large, the disassembly machine 201 is used to move the battery pack into the underwater disassembly pool 102 for disassembly;
  • the accidental power battery pack is dismantled in the underwater dismantling pool 102: First check that the disassembly basket 103 in the underwater dismantling pool 102 has sunk into place, and then operate the disassembly machine 201 to clamp and place the accidental power battery pack in the underwater dismantling pool 102. In the disassembly basket 103, operate the disassembly machine 201 to separate the cells or modules in the battery pack underwater, so that the battery cells or modules fall off the battery pack shell. If the battery pack is powered, Then let the electric energy be released in the water, and after the bubbles and smoke have weakened, raise the disassembly basket 103 and observe the internal heating of the battery through thermal imaging infrared monitoring;
  • the disassembly machine 201 picks up the broken battery cells and other disassembly materials and put them into the material box containing water prepared on the discharging conveyor line 304, and remotely activate the fire water cannon. 602.
  • the disassembly machine 201 picks up the battery pack bottom case, rinses it, and places it on the prepared tray on the discharging conveyor line 304;
  • the discharging conveyor line 304 transports the dismantled products out of the explosion-proof dismantling room 100, and then the automatic discharging door 303 automatically closes, and the discharging and discharging staff use forklifts to transfer the delivered disassembly products, and re-place the material boxes and empty pallets containing water on the discharging conveyor line 304 outside the explosion-proof dismantling room 100.
  • the discharging reset button is pressed, the discharging automatic door 303 opens, and the discharging conveyor line 304 runs in reverse to convey the material box and empty pallet filled with water. Go to the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 to prepare for the next dismantling;
  • the fan 404 exhausts the gas in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 through the air duct 402 and the gas collecting hood 401, so that the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 forms a slight negative pressure state. Under the negative pressure state , the waste gas in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 will not leak out.
  • the waste gas generated in the explosion-proof dismantling room 100 passes through the spray tower 403, and the dust particles in the waste gas are washed into the washing liquid.
  • the toxic and harmful substances in the waste gas are mixed with the washing liquid.
  • the neutralization reaction of the chemical agent occurs, and the remaining clean gas is discharged through the chimney 405 to meet the standards at high altitude;
  • the bottom of the circulating pool 701 adopts a slope structure. There is a sediment pool 702 at the bottom of the slope. The impurities in the circulating pool 701 settle on the slope at the bottom of the pool and are collected into the sediment pool 702. The clean water in the sediment pool 702 The sludge pump pumps the sediment to the collection box outside the circulating pool 701 through the sewage pipe 703, and the sediment is transferred and processed separately.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统及方法，包括：防爆拆解间，防爆拆解间内设置有拆解平台，拆解平台包括水外破拆区和水下拆解池；电池拆解机构，处于防爆拆解间中，能够配合拆解平台对事故动力电池包进行拆解；进出料机构，能够将事故动力电池包移至防爆拆解间中，并能够将拆解后的物料移出防爆拆解间；废气处理机构，用于处理防爆拆解间产生的废气；远程监控机构，用于对电池包的拆解过程进行远程监视，并能对电池拆解机构、进出料机构及废气处理机构进行远程控制，且对电池包拆解时，防爆拆解间处于密封状态。该发明能够满足对各种结构事故动力电池包的高效拆解，确保拆解人员的人身安全，满足拆解作业的环保要求。

Description

一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统及方法 技术领域
本发明属于新能源动力电池回收拆解技术领域，特别涉及一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统及方法。
背景技术
我国新能源电动汽车行业处于高速发展期，国家不断加大政策扶持力度，新能源电动汽车市场保有量持续提高，电动汽车车辆发生事故后致使电池包报废的数量也相应增多。行业形势利好促进新能源汽车生产企业和动力电池生产企业不断投入技术研发，也产生大量试验后报废的动力电池包。汽车产业链末端的汽车回收拆解和动力电池回收拆解企业接收到的事故动力电池包也越来越多。
事故动力电池包主要有以下几类：发生挤压、碰撞等机械损伤造成结构形变严重的电池包；着火后完全或不完全烧毁的电池包；发生异常情况后泡水浸泡处理过的电池包等。挤压、碰撞等因素造成电池包的外壳或紧固件发生形变，无法通过正常的拆解方式拆卸包外壳和内部高压连接线束，以致无法进行物理或泡水放电；火烧、泡水等因素造成电池包的内部高压回路发生断路，部分电池单体极头被腐蚀，也无法正常放电。所以事故动力电池包的模组或单体可能仍然储存有电能，会发生人员触电、电池起火爆炸和产生大量烟尘废气等，造成拆解作业人员的人身重大伤害、引发火灾，以及有毒有害气体泄漏破坏环境等。
当前电池包型号众多，外形和结构各不相同，事故动力电池包损毁情况也不相同。目前业内没有事故动力电池包拆解的成熟方案和先例，少量的事故动力电池包拆解也是采用人工作业或者机械直接破拆形式。采用人工拆解的困难度大，且存在严重威胁作业人员人身安全的隐患，采用机械直接破拆会发生爆燃起火，泄漏有毒有害气体破坏环境。
因此，需要一种安全拆解事故动力电池包的系统，既能够满足对事故动力电池包的高效拆解，又能确保拆解人员的人身安全，还能满足拆解作业的环保要求。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统及方法，该事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统既能够满足对各种结构事故动力电池包的高效拆解，又能确保拆解人员的人身安全，还能满足拆解作业的环保要求。
根据本发明的第一方面实施例的一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统，包括：防爆拆解间，所述防爆拆解间内设置有拆解平台，所述拆解平台包括水外破拆区和水下拆解池；电池拆解机构，处于所述防爆拆解间中，能够配合所述拆解平台对事故动力电池包进行拆解；进出料机构，能够将事故动力电池包移至所述防爆拆解间中，并能够将拆解后的物料移出所述防爆拆解间；废气处理机构，用于处理所述防爆拆解间产生的废气；远程监控机构，用于对事故动力电池包的拆解过程进行远程监视，并能对所述电池拆解机构、所述进出料机构及所述废气处理机构进行远程控制，且对事故动力电池包拆解时，所述防爆拆解间处于密封状态。
根据本发明实施例的一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统，至少具有如下技术效果：操作人员可通过该事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统对事故动力电池包进行远程拆解，可通过远程监控机构、进出料机构及电池拆解机构对事故动力电池进行连续化作业，达到高效拆解的目的；同时对初判为无电的事故动力电池包可以在水外破拆区直接操控破拆，对初判为带电的事故动力电池包可以在水下拆解池中进行水下破拆，防止起火爆炸；此外可通过废气处理机构对防爆拆解间产生的废气进行处理，且拆解过程中，防爆拆解间处于密封状态，可有效防止拆解过程中产生的有害气体外溢，从而既能够满足对事故动力电池包的高效拆解，又能确保操作人员的人身安全，还能满足拆解作业的环保要求。
根据本发明的一些实施例，还包括喷淋机构，所述喷淋机构受所述远程监控机构远程控制，所述喷淋机构包括设置在所述拆解平台上方的降尘雾炮和消防水炮。当操作人员对事故动力电池包进行拆解过程中产生浓烟和粉尘时，可以远程开启降尘雾炮，除烟降尘，当在水外破拆区破拆事故动力电池包产生燃爆形成明火时，可远程开启消防水炮控制火势，及时灭火。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述水下拆解池中可升降设置有拆解筐，所述远程监控机构能控制所述拆解筐上下升降。操作人员通过远程操控电池拆解机构将初判为带电的事故动力电池包放置在拆解筐中后，控制拆解筐下降至水下拆解池的水面下，在拆解筐中对事故动力电池包进行拆解，使拆解后的物料处于拆解筐中，拆解完成后，控制拆解筐上升至水面上，然后远程控制电池拆解机构将拆解后的物料转移至进出料机构上移出防爆拆解间。
根据本发明的一些实施例，还包括循环水池，所述循环水池与所述水下拆解池连通。水下拆解池中的水通过循环水泵经管道泵送至循环水池，在循环水池中进行降温冷 却和沉淀杂质后再被泵回水下拆解池中重复使用，从而能有效节约水资源，同时保证在连续作业时，水下拆解池中的水始终处于一个较低的温度。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述循环水池池底设置有溜坡，所述溜坡底部设置有沉渣池，所述沉渣池连通设置有排污管。循环水池中的杂质沉淀到池底的溜坡上，并通过溜坡汇集到沉渣池中，然后通过排污管将沉渣泵出，从而方便对循环水池中的杂质沉淀进行处理。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述电池拆解机构包括可在所述防爆拆解间内移动的拆解机，所述拆解机上设置有可活动的机臂，所述机臂上安装有用于事故动力电池拆解的夹爪。操作人员可通过远程监控机构远程操控拆解机在防爆拆解间内移动，可远程操控拆解机的机臂活动，还可远程操控拆解机的夹爪对事故动力电池包进行抓举、拖动、夹取、撕扭等拆解动作。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述拆解机为液压挖掘机。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述进出料机构包括设置在所述防爆拆解间上的进料自动门、进料输送线、出料自动门及出料输送线，所述进料自动门与所述进料输送线联动，当所述进料输送线运行进料时，所述进料自动门开启，当进料完成后，所述进料自动门关闭，所述出料自动门与所述出料输送线联动，当所述出料输送线运行出料时，所述出料自动门开启，当出料完成后，所述出料自动门关闭。可保证进料自动门及出料自动门在事故动力电池包拆解过程中处于常闭状态，保证对事故动力电池包拆解时，防爆拆解间处于密封状态。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述废气处理机构由集气罩、风管、喷淋塔、风机及烟囱组成，所述集气罩设置于所述防爆拆解间内顶部，在所述风机的作用下，所述集气罩能将所述防爆拆解间产生的废气通过所述风管导入到所述喷淋塔进行处理，然后经过所述烟囱排放。废气处理机构可使得防爆拆解间形成微负压状态，防止防爆拆解间内的废气外漏，其中集气罩呈扇形结构，配合风管在风机的作用下可高效收集防爆拆解间产生的废气，然后将废气导入喷淋塔，喷淋塔可收集废气中的粉尘颗粒同时处理有毒有害物质，净化废气，然后将达标废气通过烟囱进行排放。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述远程监控机构包括监视成像机构及防爆控制室，所述防爆控制室内设置有操控平台，所述监视成像机构包括监视终端及与所述监视终端配合的显示屏终端，所述监视终端设置在所述防爆拆解间中用于对所述防爆拆解间内的情况进行采集，所述显示屏终端设置在所述防爆控制室内。操作人员可在防爆控制室内通过显示屏终端观看防爆拆解间中的情况，并通过操控平台操控电池拆解机构、进出料机构及 废气处理机构完成对事故动力电池包的拆解。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述监视终端包括视频摄像头、热成像摄像头及传感器，所述传感器为温度传感器、湿度传感器、有毒有害气体传感器及气体浓度传感器中的至少一种。视频摄像头辅助操作人员观察进出料的就绪状态以及辅助操作人员对拆解平台上的事故动力电池包进行远程拆解，热成像摄像头辅助操作人员了解拆解现场的事故动力电池包发热和电能释放情况，传感器可以采集防爆拆解间温度、湿度、有毒有害气体检测、可燃气体浓度检测等参数收集，并传送到防爆控制室。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述防爆拆解间的墙壁上设置有观察窗。观察窗的玻璃为防爆玻璃，巡查人员可通过观察窗观察到防爆拆解间内的作业情况。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述防爆控制室由防爆玻璃与所述防爆拆解间的内壁隔断而成。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述防爆控制室悬空建于所述防爆拆解间内，所述防爆控制室顶部设置有防爆屋顶，所述防爆拆解间外墙壁上设置有与所述防爆控制室连通的楼梯。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述防爆控制室内设置有旋转式座椅，在控制所述拆解机旋转时，所述旋转式座椅能跟随比例旋转。能更好的满足操作人员的观察视野。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述操控平台集成设置在所述旋转式座椅上。能更加方便操作人员进行控制操作。
根据本发明的第二方面实施例的如上所述的事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)开启系统的电源，通过远程监控机构开启废气处理机构对防爆拆解间的气体进行处理；
(2)人工将待拆解的事故动力电池包上料至所述进出料机构上，并通过所述远程监控机构控制所述进出料机构将事故动力电池包移送至所述拆解平台上；
(3)通过所述远程监控机构控制所述电池拆解机构对事故动力电池包进行拆解，其中确认不带电的事故动力电池包可在所述水外破拆区直接由所述电池拆解机构进行拆解，不能确认是否带电的事故动力电池包则通过所述电池拆解机构移至所述水下拆解池中，通过所述电池拆解机构在水下进行拆解；
(4)通过所述远程监控机构控制所述电池拆解机构将拆解后的物料移至所述进出料机构上，并通过所述远程监控机构控制所述进出料机构将拆解后的物料移送出所述防爆拆解间， 并人工下料；
(5)通过所述远程监控机构关闭所述废气处理机构并关闭系统电源。
具体的，如上所述的事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)操作人员经楼梯进入防爆控制室，开启设备电源，开启废气处理机构的风机，检查各设备的状态，进行拆解准备；
(2)进出料工作人员通过叉车将事故动力电池包叉放到进出料机构的进料输送线上的托盘上，操作人员通过显示屏终端观察到待进料的事故动力电池包准备就绪后，按下进料按钮，进料自动门打开，进料输送线将事故动力电池包传送进防爆拆解间，随后进料自动门自动关闭，操作人员远程操作拆解机将事故动力电池包从进料输送线的托盘上夹到拆解平台上，然后按下进料复位按钮，进料自动门打开，进料输送线反向运转，将摆放事故动力电池包的空托盘传送出防爆拆解间，随后进料自动门自动关闭；
(3)操作人员远程操作拆解机，将摆放在拆解平台上的事故动力电池包进行破拆操作，破拆操作有如下两种形式，操作人员根据事故动力电池包实际情况进行选择：
①事故动力电池包在水外破拆区上直接破拆：使用拆解机夹住事故动力电池包上盖外壳，将其从电池包上撕下；然后夹住电池单体或模组，旋转夹头扭下电池单体或模组；在拆解过程中可通过热成像摄像头观察电池内部短路发热情况，在夹电池模组或单体的时候，如出现冒烟时，开启降尘雾炮进行除烟降尘，如电池出现冒小火时，开启消防水炮进行灭火，如火势较大时，使用拆解机将电池包移入水下拆解池中拆解；
②事故动力电池包在水下拆解池中破拆：首先检查水下拆解池中的拆解筐已下沉到位，然后操作拆解机将事故动力电池包夹取放置在拆解筐内，再操作拆解机在水下将电池包中的单体或模组抓散，使电池单体或模组从电池包壳体上脱落，如电池包有电的，则让电能在水中释放，待气泡和烟雾减弱后，再升起拆解筐，通过热成像红外监控观察电池内部发热情况；
(4)电池包拆解后，用拆解机将破碎的电池单体和其他拆解物料夹起投入到出料输送线上预备的装有水的物料箱中，遥控开启消防水炮，拆解机夹起电池包底壳冲洗干净后，放到出料输送线上预备的托盘上；
(5)操作人员将待出料的物料准备就绪后，按下出料按钮，出料自动门打开，出料输送线将拆解产物传送出防爆拆解间，随后出料自动门自动关闭，进出料工作人员利用叉车将传送出的拆解产物进行转移，并重新将装有水的物料箱和空托盘放至防爆拆解间外的出料输送线上，操作人员通过显示屏终端观察到物料箱和空托盘预备好后，按下出料复位按钮，出料自动门打开，出料输送线反向运转，将装有水的物料箱和空托盘传送至防爆拆解间， 为下一拆解作准备；
(6)拆解完成后，关闭废气处理机构的风机404并关闭设备电源。
通过上述的控制方法在拆解事故动力电池包过程中：
(1)废气处理机构开启后，风机通过风管和集气罩将防爆拆解间内的气体往外抽排，使防爆拆解间形成微负压状态，在负压状态下，防爆拆解间内的废气不会外漏，防爆拆解间产生的废气经过喷淋塔，废气中的粉尘颗粒被冲洗到洗涤液中，废气中的有毒有害物质与洗涤液中的化学药剂发生中和反应，剩余洁净气体通过烟囱进行高空达标排放；
(2)在连续拆解过程中，水下拆解池中的水温会升高，防爆控制室中有水下拆解池水温显示器，实时显示水温，当水温高于设定值时会自动开启循环水泵，进行循环冷却，水在循环过程中，循环水池中杂质进行沉淀；
(3)循环水池池底采用溜坡结构，溜坡底部有一个沉渣池，循环水池中的杂质沉淀到池底的溜坡上，汇集到沉渣池中，沉渣池中的清淤泵将沉渣通过排污管泵送到循环水池外的收集箱中，沉渣转移另行处理。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明的事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统通过远程操控的方式，能够满足对各种结构事故电池包的高效拆解；
(2)本发明的事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统能针对不同情况的事故动力电池包采用特定的拆解方式，能有效防止在拆解过程中产生爆炸和明火，保证操作人员的人身安全；
(3)本发明的事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统中的防爆拆解间在事故动力电池包的拆解过程中为密封状态，且防爆拆解间连接设置有废气处理机构，能有效防止有毒有害气体泄漏，从而保证作业的环保要求；
(4)本发明的事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统中的防爆拆解间由于在事故动力电池包的拆解过程中为密封状态，因此废气处理机构可采用较小管道和较小功率的风机，以低成本、低能耗即可维持拆解间的微负压状态。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本发明实施例的示意图；
图2为本发明实施例去掉防爆拆解间顶盖后的示意图；
图3为本发明实施例的防爆拆解间去掉顶盖后的示意图；
图4为本发明实施例的拆解机的示意图。
附图标记：
100.防爆拆解间；101.水外破拆区；102.水下拆解池；103.拆解筐；104.观察窗；105.液压油缸；106.闸门；107.楼梯；
201.拆解机；202.机臂；203.夹爪；
301.进料自动门；302.进料输送线；303.出料自动门；304.出料输送线；
401.集气罩；402.风管；403.喷淋塔；404.风机；405.烟囱；
501.防爆控制室；502.操控平台；503.监视终端；504.显示屏终端；505.旋转式座椅；
601.降尘雾炮；602.消防水炮；
701.循环水池；702.沉渣池；703.排污管。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，涉及到方位描述，例如上、下、前、后、左、右等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，若干的含义是一个或者多个，多个的含义是两个以上，大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数，以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。如果有描述到第一、第二只是用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的限定，设置、安装、连接等词语应做广义理解，所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面参考图1至图4描述本发明实施例的一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统。
如图1和图2所示，根据本发明实施例的一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统，包括：防爆拆解间100、电池拆解机构、进出料机构、废气处理机构及远程监控机构；防爆拆解间100内设置有拆解平台，拆解平台包括水外破拆区101和水下拆解池102；电池拆解机构处于防爆拆解间100中，能够配合拆解平台对事故动力电池包进行拆解；进出料机构能够将事故 动力电池包移至防爆拆解间100中，并能够将拆解后的物料移出防爆拆解间100；废气处理机构用于处理防爆拆解间100产生的废气；远程监控机构用于对事故动力电池包的拆解过程进行远程监视，并能对电池拆解机构、进出料机构及废气处理机构进行远程控制，且对事故动力电池包拆解时，防爆拆解间100处于密封状态。
具体地，在本发明的一些具体实施例中，防爆拆解间100的墙壁和地面由钢筋混凝土浇筑，满足防火和防爆要求，操作人员可通过该事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统对事故动力电池包进行远程拆解，可通过远程监控机构、进出料机构及电池拆解机构对事故动力电池进行连续化作业，达到高效拆解的目的；同时对初判为无电的事故动力电池包可以在水外破拆区101直接操控破拆，对初判为带电的事故动力电池包可以在水下拆解池102中进行水下破拆，防止起火爆炸；此外可通过废气处理机构对防爆拆解间产生的废气进行处理，且拆解过程中，防爆拆解间处于密封状态，可有效防止拆解过程中产生的有害气体外溢，从而既能够满足对事故动力电池包的高效拆解，又能确保操作人员的人身安全，还能满足拆解作业的环保要求。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，还包括喷淋机构，喷淋机构受远程监控机构远程控制，喷淋机构包括设置在拆解平台上方的降尘雾炮601和消防水炮602。
具体地，如图2和图3所示，多个降尘雾炮601和消防水炮602沿拆解平台的长度方向交错设置，当操作人员对事故动力电池包进行拆解过程中产生浓烟和粉尘时，可以远程开启降尘雾炮601，除烟降尘，当在水外破拆区101破拆事故动力电池包产生燃爆形成明火时，可远程开启消防水炮602控制火势，及时灭火。
如图2和图3所示，在本发明的一些具体实施例中，水下拆解池102中可升降设置有拆解筐103，远程监控机构能控制拆解筐103上下升降。
具体地，拆解筐103由由型材和网孔板组成，拆解筐103进行了防腐处理，可防止长期浸泡在含电解液的废水中对拆解筐103的腐蚀，拆解筐103为紧密型框架结构，紧固耐用，水下拆解池102四周设置有4个液压油缸105，4个液压油缸105分别与拆解筐103相连从而能带动拆解筐103上下升降，操作人员通过远程操控电池拆解机构将初判为带电的事故动力电池包放置在拆解筐103中后，控制液压油缸105带动拆解筐103下降至水下拆解池102的水面下，在拆解筐103中对事故动力电池包进行拆解，使拆解后的物料处于拆解筐103中，拆解完成后，控制液压油缸105带动拆解筐103上升至水面上，然后远程控制电池拆解机构将拆解后的物料转移至进出料机构上移出防爆拆解间100。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，还包括循环水池701，循环水池701与水下拆解池102连通。水下拆解池102中的水通过循环水泵经管道泵送至循环水池701，在循环水池701中进行降温冷却和沉淀杂质后再被泵回水下拆解池102中重复使用，从而能有效节约水资源，同时保证在连续作业时，水下拆解池102中的水始终处于一个较低的温度。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，循环水池701池底设置有溜坡，溜坡底部设置有沉渣池702，沉渣池702连通设置有排污管703。循环水池701中的杂质沉淀到池底的溜坡上，并通过溜坡汇集到沉渣池702中，然后通过排污管703将沉渣泵出，从而方便对循环水池701中的杂质沉淀进行处理。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，电池拆解机构包括可在防爆拆解间100内移动的拆解机201，拆解机201上设置有可活动的机臂202，机臂202上安装有用于事故动力电池拆解的夹爪203。
具体地，如图3-4所示，拆解机201为液压挖掘机，其上安装有远程操作系统可被操作人员远程操作，防爆拆解间100上安装有可供拆解机201进出的闸门106，操作人员可通过远程监控机构远程操控拆解机201在防爆拆解间100内移动，可远程操控拆解机201的机臂202活动，还可远程操控拆解机201的夹爪203对事故动力电池包进行抓举、拖动、夹取、撕扭等拆解动作。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，进出料机构包括设置在防爆拆解间100上的进料自动门301、进料输送线302、出料自动门303及出料输送线304，进料自动门301与进料输送线302联动，当进料输送线302运行进料时，进料自动门301开启，当进料完成后，进料自动门301关闭，出料自动门303与出料输送线304联动，当出料输送线304运行出料时，出料自动门303开启，当出料完成后，出料自动门303关闭。
具体地，进料输送线302及出料输送线304均为板链式输送线，进料输送线302及出料输送线304均为下沉安装，输送面与地面持平便于物料箱和托盘摆放和转移，进料输送线302及出料输送线304均一半处于防爆拆解间100内，一半处于防爆拆解间100外，且进料输送线302及出料输送线304均可双向运行，可保证进料自动门301及出料自动门303在事故动力电池包拆解过程中处于常闭状态，保证对事故动力电池包拆解时，防爆拆解间100处于密封状态。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，废气处理机构由集气罩401、风管402、喷淋塔403、风机404及烟囱405组成，集气罩401设置于防爆拆解间100内顶部，在风机404的作用下， 集气罩401能将防爆拆解间100产生的废气通过风管402导入到喷淋塔403进行处理，经过所述烟囱405排放。废气处理机构可使得防爆拆解间100形成微负压状态，防止防爆拆解间100内的废气外漏，其中集气罩401呈扇形结构，配合风管402在风机404的作用下可高效收集防爆拆解间100产生的废气，然后将废气导入喷淋塔403，喷淋塔403可收集废气中的粉尘颗粒同时处理有毒有害物质，净化废气，然后将达标废气通过烟囱405进行排放。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，远程监控机构包括监视成像机构及防爆控制室501，防爆控制室501内设置有操控平台502，监视成像机构包括监视终端503及与监视终端503配合的显示屏终端504，监视终端503设置在防爆拆解间100中用于对防爆拆解间100内的情况进行采集，显示屏终端504设置在防爆控制室501内。操作人员可在防爆控制室501内通过显示屏终端504观看防爆拆解间100中的情况，并通过操控平台502操控电池拆解机构、进出料机构及废气处理机构完成对事故动力电池包的拆解。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，监视终端503包括视频摄像头、热成像摄像头及传感器，传感器为温度传感器、湿度传感器、有毒有害气体传感器及气体浓度传感器中的至少一种。
具体地，多个监视终端503设置在拆解平台四周及防爆拆解间外墙壁上，视频摄像头辅助操作人员观察进出料的就绪状态以及辅助操作人员对拆解平台上的事故动力电池包进行远程拆解，热成像摄像头辅助操作人员了解拆解现场的事故动力电池包发热和电能释放情况，传感器可以采集防爆拆解间温度、湿度、有毒有害气体检测、可燃气体浓度检测等参数收集，并传送到防爆控制室501。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，防爆拆解间100的墙壁上设置有观察窗104。
具体地，观察窗104的玻璃为防爆玻璃，巡查人员可通过观察窗104观察到防爆拆解间100内的作业情况。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，防爆控制室501由防爆玻璃与防爆拆解间100的内壁隔断而成。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，防爆控制室501悬空建于防爆拆解间100内，防爆控制室501顶部设置有防爆屋顶，防爆拆解间100外墙壁上设置有与防爆控制室501连通的楼梯107。操作人员可透过防爆控制室501的玻璃墙壁俯视防爆拆解间100内的全部状况，从而及时了解防爆拆解间100内的全部动态，操作人员在防爆控制室501内可以完全控制防爆拆解间100的各种设备，防爆控制室501的玻璃外侧装有清洗装置，可自动清洗玻璃上的水雾和灰尘。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，防爆控制室501内设置有旋转式座椅505，在控制拆解机201旋转时，旋转式座椅505能跟随比例旋转。能更好的满足操作人员的观察视野。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，操控平台502集成设置在旋转式座椅505上，在操控平台502上集成了通风、照明、进出料、消防、冲洗、拆解筐103升降等多种功能按钮，能更加方便操作人员进行控制操作。
根据本发明的第二方面实施例的如上所述的事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)开启系统的电源，通过远程监控机构开启废气处理机构对防爆拆解间100的气体进行处理；
(2)人工将待拆解的事故动力电池包上料至进出料机构上，并通过远程监控机构控制进出料机构将事故动力电池包移送至拆解平台上；
(3)通过远程监控机构控制电池拆解机构对事故动力电池包进行拆解，其中确认不带电的事故动力电池包可在水外破拆区101直接由电池拆解机构进行拆解，不能确认是否带电的事故动力电池包则通过电池拆解机构移至水下拆解池102中，通过电池拆解机构在水下进行拆解；
(4)通过远程监控机构控制电池拆解机构将拆解后的物料移至进出料机构上，并通过远程监控机构控制进出料机构将拆解后的物料移送出防爆拆解间100，并人工下料；
(5)通过所述远程监控机构关闭所述废气处理机构并关闭系统电源。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，如上所述的事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)操作人员经楼梯107进入防爆控制室501，开启设备电源，开启废气处理机构的风机404，检查各设备系统的状态，进行拆解准备；
(2)进出料工作人员通过叉车将事故动力电池包叉放到进出料机构的进料输送线302上的托盘上，操作人员通过显示屏终端504观察到待进料的事故动力电池包准备就绪后，按下进料按钮，进料自动门301打开，进料输送线302将事故动力电池包传送进防爆拆解间100，随后进料自动门301自动关闭，操作人员远程操作拆解机201将事故动力电池包从进料输送线302的托盘上夹到拆解平台上，然后按下进料复位按钮，进料自动门301打开，进料输送线302反向运转，将摆放事故动力电池包的空托盘传送出防爆拆解间100，随后进料自动门301自动关闭；
(3)操作人员远程操作拆解机201，将摆放在拆解平台上的事故动力电池包进行破拆操作，破拆操作有如下两种形式，操作人员根据事故动力电池包实际情况进行选择：
①事故动力电池包在水外破拆区101上直接破拆：使用拆解机201夹住事故动力电池包上盖外壳，将其从电池包上撕下；然后夹住电池单体或模组，旋转夹头扭下电池单体或模组；在拆解过程中可通过热成像摄像头观察电池内部短路发热情况，在夹电池模组或单体的时候，如出现冒烟时，开启降尘雾炮601进行除烟降尘，如电池出现冒小火时，开启消防水炮602进行灭火，如火势较大时，使用拆解机201将电池包移入水下拆解池102中拆解；
②事故动力电池包在水下拆解池中102破拆：首先检查水下拆解池102中的拆解筐103已下沉到位，然后操作拆解机201将事故动力电池包夹取放置在拆解筐103内，再操作拆解机201在水下将电池包中的单体或模组抓散，使电池单体或模组从电池包壳体上脱落，如电池包有电的，则让电能在水中释放，待气泡和烟雾减弱后，再升起拆解筐103，通过热成像红外监控观察电池内部发热情况；
(4)电池包拆解后，用拆解机201将破碎的电池单体和其他拆解物料夹起投入到出料输送线304上预备的装有水的物料箱中，遥控开启消防水炮602，拆解机201夹起电池包底壳冲洗干净后，放到出料输送线304上预备的托盘上；
(5)操作人员将待出料的物料准备就绪后，按下出料按钮，出料自动门303打开，出料输送线304将拆解产物传送出防爆拆解间100，随后出料自动门303自动关闭，进出料工作人员利用叉车将传送出的拆解产物进行转移，并重新将装有水的物料箱和空托盘放至防爆拆解间100外的出料输送线304上，操作人员通过显示屏终端504观察到物料箱和空托盘预备好后，按下出料复位按钮，出料自动门303打开，出料输送线304反向运转，将装有水的物料箱和空托盘传送至防爆拆解间100，为下一拆解作准备；
(6)拆解完成后，关闭废气处理机构的风机404并关闭设备电源。
通过上述的控制方法在拆解事故动力电池包过程中：
(1)废气处理机构开启后，风机404通过风管402和集气罩401将防爆拆解间100内的气体往外抽排，使防爆拆解间100形成微负压状态，在负压状态下，防爆拆解间100内的废气不会外漏，防爆拆解间100产生的废气经过喷淋塔403，废气中的粉尘颗粒被冲洗到洗涤液中，废气中的有毒有害物质与洗涤液中的化学药剂发生中和反应，剩余洁净气体通过烟囱405进行高空达标排放；
(2)在连续拆解过程中，水下拆解池102中的水温会升高，防爆控制室501中有水下拆解池102水温显示器，实时显示水温，当水温高于设定值时会自动开启循环水泵，进行循环 冷却，水在循环过程中，循环水池701中杂质进行沉淀；
(3)循环水池701池底采用溜坡结构，溜坡底部有一个沉渣池702，循环水池701中的杂质沉淀到池底的溜坡上，汇集到沉渣池702中，沉渣池702中的清淤泵将沉渣通过排污管703泵送到循环水池701外的收集箱中，沉渣转移另行处理。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
当然，本发明创造并不局限于上述实施方式，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可作出等同变形或替换，这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统，其特征在于，包括：
    防爆拆解间(100)，所述防爆拆解间(100)内设置有拆解平台，所述拆解平台包括水外破拆区(101)和水下拆解池(102)；
    电池拆解机构，处于所述防爆拆解间(100)中，能够配合所述拆解平台对事故动力电池包进行拆解；
    进出料机构，能够将事故动力电池包移至所述防爆拆解间(100)中，并能够将拆解后的物料移出所述防爆拆解间(100)；
    废气处理机构，用于处理所述防爆拆解间(100)产生的废气；
    远程监控机构，用于对事故动力电池包的拆解过程进行远程监视，并能对所述电池拆解机构、所述进出料机构及所述废气处理机构进行远程控制，且对事故动力电池包拆解时，所述防爆拆解间(100)处于密封状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统，其特征在于：还包括喷淋机构，所述喷淋机构受所述远程监控机构远程控制，所述喷淋机构包括设置在所述拆解平台上方的降尘雾炮(601)和消防水炮(602)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统，其特征在于：所述水下拆解池(102)中可升降设置有拆解筐(103)，所述远程监控机构能控制所述拆解筐(103)上下升降。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统，其特征在于：还包括循环水池(701)，所述循环水池(701)与所述水下拆解池(102)连通。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统，其特征在于：所述循环水池(701)池底设置有溜坡，所述溜坡底部设置有沉渣池(702)，所述沉渣池(702)连通设置有排污管(703)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统，其特征在于：所述电池拆解机构包括可在所述防爆拆解间(100)内移动的拆解机(201)，所述拆解机(201)上设置有可活动的机臂(202)，所述机臂(202)上安装有用于事故动力电池拆解的夹爪(203)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统，其特征在于：所述进出料机构包括设置在所述防爆拆解间(100)上的进料自动门(301)、进料输送线(302)、出料自动门(303)及出料输送线(304)，所述进料自动门(301)与所述进料输 送线(302)联动，当所述进料输送线(302)运行进料时，所述进料自动门(301)开启，当进料完成后，所述进料自动门(301)关闭，所述出料自动门(303)与所述出料输送线(304)联动，当所述出料输送线(304)运行出料时，所述出料自动门(303)开启，当出料完成后，所述出料自动门(303)关闭。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统，其特征在于：所述废气处理机构由集气罩(401)、风管(402)、喷淋塔(403)、风机(404)及烟囱(405)组成，所述集气罩(401)设置于所述防爆拆解间(100)内顶部，在所述风机(404)的作用下，所述集气罩(401)能将所述防爆拆解间(100)产生的废气通过所述风管(402)导入到所述喷淋塔(403)进行处理，然后经过所述烟囱(405)排放。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统，其特征在于：所述远程监控机构包括监视成像机构及防爆控制室(501)，所述防爆控制室(501)内设置有操控平台(502)，所述监视成像机构包括监视终端(503)及与所述监视终端(503)配合的显示屏终端(504)，所述监视终端(503)设置在所述防爆拆解间(100)中用于对所述防爆拆解间(100)内的情况进行采集，所述显示屏终端(504)设置在所述防爆控制室(501)内。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统的控制方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    (1)开启系统的电源，通过所述远程监控机构开启所述废气处理机构对所述防爆拆解间(100)的气体进行处理；
    (2)人工将待拆解的事故动力电池包上料至所述进出料机构上，并通过所述远程监控机构控制所述进出料机构将事故动力电池包移送至所述拆解平台上；
    (3)通过所述远程监控机构控制所述电池拆解机构对事故动力电池包进行拆解，其中确认不带电的事故动力电池包可在所述水外破拆区(101)直接由所述电池拆解机构进行拆解，不能确认是否带电的事故动力电池包则通过所述电池拆解机构移至所述水下拆解池(102)中，通过所述电池拆解机构在水下进行拆解；
    (4)通过所述远程监控机构控制所述电池拆解机构将拆解后的物料移至所述进出料机构上，并通过所述远程监控机构控制所述进出料机构将拆解后的物料移送出所述防爆拆解间(100)，并人工下料；
    (5)通过所述远程监控机构关闭所述废气处理机构并关闭系统电源。
PCT/CN2022/131690 2022-03-28 2022-11-14 一种事故动力电池包的安全拆解系统及方法 WO2023184993A1 (zh)

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