WO2023179116A1 - 射频系统、降低sar的方法以及无线通信设备 - Google Patents

射频系统、降低sar的方法以及无线通信设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023179116A1
WO2023179116A1 PCT/CN2022/139293 CN2022139293W WO2023179116A1 WO 2023179116 A1 WO2023179116 A1 WO 2023179116A1 CN 2022139293 W CN2022139293 W CN 2022139293W WO 2023179116 A1 WO2023179116 A1 WO 2023179116A1
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impedance
time window
radio frequency
value
preset threshold
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PCT/CN2022/139293
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English (en)
French (fr)
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曹文峰
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Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
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Publication of WO2023179116A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023179116A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/3827—Portable transceivers
    • H04B1/3833—Hand-held transceivers
    • H04B1/3838—Arrangements for reducing RF exposure to the user, e.g. by changing the shape of the transceiver while in use

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a radio frequency system, a method for reducing SAR, and a wireless communication device.
  • wireless communication devices such as smartphones
  • SAR specific absorption rate
  • the reduction of SAR value is mainly achieved by reducing the RF conduction power of the RF system.
  • lower transmission power will affect the communication quality and cause poor user experience.
  • This application provides a radio frequency system, a method for reducing SAR, and wireless communication equipment to solve the above problems.
  • a wireless communication device in a first aspect, includes a radio frequency transceiver and a signal transmission path.
  • the input end of the signal transmission path is connected to the transmission port of the radio frequency transceiver.
  • the output end of the signal transmission path is connected to the antenna unit.
  • the signal transmission path includes: an impedance conversion unit for dynamically matching the impedance of the signal transmission path; and a control unit connected to the impedance conversion unit.
  • the control unit adjusts the impedance value of the impedance transformation unit so that the average SAR value within the standard time window is less than the preset threshold, wherein the preset time window is the same as the preset threshold.
  • the standard time windows have the same time starting point, and the preset time window is smaller than the standard time window.
  • the impedance conversion unit includes a plurality of impedance devices with different impedances, and switches connected to each impedance device in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the switch conduction state dynamically matches the impedance of the signal transmission path.
  • a power amplifier is further configured in the signal transmission path, the input end of the power amplifier is connected to the radio frequency transceiver, and the output end of the power amplifier is connected to the impedance transformation unit.
  • the antenna unit includes multiple antennas
  • the control unit is further configured to: when the average SAR value within the preset time window is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, according to the The performance of multiple antennas is selected to turn on different antennas so that the average SAR value within the standard time window is less than the preset threshold.
  • the impedance value of the impedance transformation unit is zero.
  • the second aspect provides a method for reducing SAR, which is applied to a radio frequency system.
  • the radio frequency system includes a radio frequency transceiver and a signal transmission path.
  • the input end of the signal transmission path is connected to the transmission port of the radio frequency transceiver, so The output end of the signal transmission path is connected to the antenna unit, wherein the signal transmission path includes an impedance transformation unit, and the method includes: obtaining the average SAR value within the preset time window; when the average SAR value within the preset time window When the SAR value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the impedance value of the impedance conversion unit is adjusted so that the average SAR value within the standard time window is less than the preset threshold, wherein the preset time window is the same as the standard The time windows have the same time starting point, and the preset time window is smaller than the standard time window.
  • the impedance conversion unit includes a plurality of impedance devices with different impedances, and switches connected to each impedance device in a one-to-one correspondence, and the impedance value of the impedance conversion unit is adjusted so that when The average SAR value within the standard time window is less than the preset threshold, including: adjusting the switch conduction states corresponding to the impedance devices of different impedances in the impedance conversion unit, so that the average SAR value within the standard time window less than the preset threshold.
  • a power amplifier is further configured in the signal transmission path, the input end of the power amplifier is connected to the radio frequency transceiver, and the output end of the power amplifier is connected to the impedance transformation unit.
  • the antenna unit includes multiple antennas
  • the method further includes: when the average SAR value within the preset time window is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, based on the multiple antennas The performance of the antenna is selected to turn on different antennas so that the average SAR value within the standard time window is less than the preset threshold.
  • the impedance value of the impedance transformation unit is zero.
  • a third aspect provides a wireless communication device, including the first aspect or the radio frequency system described in the first aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program.
  • the computer program When the computer program is executed, the method described in the second aspect or any one of the second aspects is implemented.
  • a computer program product including executable code.
  • executable code When the executable code is executed, the method described in the second aspect or any of the second aspects can be implemented.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a radio frequency system.
  • an impedance conversion unit in the radio frequency signal transmission path when the average SAR value within the preset time window is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the impedance value of the impedance conversion unit is adjusted. , to dynamically adjust the radiation area and power radiation intensity of the antenna unit, further making the average SAR value of the antenna unit within the standard time window less than the preset threshold, improving user experience.
  • Figure 1 is an example structural diagram of a radio frequency system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a structural example diagram of a transmission power adjustment process provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a structural example diagram of a radio frequency system provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a structural example diagram of a transmission power adjustment process provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a structural example diagram of SAR test results provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a structural example diagram of a radio frequency system provided by yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a structural example diagram of SAR test results provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reducing SAR provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the corresponding device may include one or more units, such as functional units, to perform the one or more described method steps (e.g., one unit performs one or more steps , or a plurality of units, each of which performs one or more of a plurality of steps), even if such unit or units are not explicitly depicted or illustrated in the drawings.
  • units such as functional units
  • the corresponding method may include a step to perform the functionality of the one or more units (e.g., a step to perform the functionality of the one or more units) functionality, or a plurality of steps, each of which performs the functionality of one or more of a plurality of units), even if such one or more steps are not explicitly depicted or illustrated in the drawings.
  • a step to perform the functionality of the one or more units e.g., a step to perform the functionality of the one or more units
  • a plurality of steps each of which performs the functionality of one or more of a plurality of units
  • the wireless communication device involved in this application may be any of various types of computer system devices that are mobile or portable and perform wireless communication.
  • the wireless communication device may be a mobile phone or a smart phone (for example, an iPhone TM based phone, or an Android TM based phone), a portable game device (for example, Nintendo DS TM, PlayStation Portable TM, Gameboy Advance TM, iPhone TM), Laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable Internet devices, music players and data storage devices, other handheld devices and such as watches, in-ear headphones, pendants, headsets, etc.
  • the wireless communication device may also be other wearable devices (for example, electronic glasses, electronic clothing, electronic bracelets, electronic necklaces, electronic tattoos, electronic devices, smart watches or head-mounted displays (HMD)).
  • HMD head-mounted displays
  • wireless communication equipment With the rapid development of information technology, wireless communication equipment is also constantly being iteratively updated. Take smartphones that support fifth-generation mobile communication technology as an example. This type of wireless communication equipment is leading users into the "supersonic" era of wireless communication with extremely high speeds, huge capacities, and extremely low delays. At the same time, with the evolution of wireless communication equipment represented by smartphones, the impact of electromagnetic radiation generated during the use of wireless communication equipment on human health has increasingly attracted widespread public attention.
  • the specific absorption ratio SAR represents the amount of radiation that an organism (including the human body) is allowed to absorb per unit kilogram, and is defined as the electromagnetic power absorbed or consumed by a unit mass of human tissue, in W/kg.
  • the SAR value represents the impact of radiation on the human body and is the most direct test value.
  • SAR has data for the whole body, local parts, and limbs. The lower the SAR value, the less the radiation is absorbed.
  • Radio frequency energy can be calculated by integrating the transmit power of a wireless communications device over a defined time window.
  • SAR regulatory agencies in different countries and regions have slightly different requirements for SAR standards. The current two international standards are the 1.6W/kg of the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the 2.0W/kg of the European Union.
  • the average SAR value within a 100-second time period must not exceed the upper limit of 1.6W/kg.
  • the real-time SAR value can exceed 1.6W/kg. You only need to ensure that the average SAR value within the standard time window (such as 100 seconds) is controlled within the range required by regulations.
  • the average SAR value within a 60-second time period shall not exceed the upper limit of 1.6W/kg.
  • the real-time SAR value can exceed 1.6W/kg. You only need to ensure that the average SAR value within the standard time window (such as 60 seconds) is controlled within the range required by regulations.
  • the device under test can refer to any of the above wireless communication devices, such as a smartphone.
  • the device under test may include a radio frequency system 100, and the radio frequency system 100 may be located inside the device under test.
  • the radio frequency system 100 may include a radio frequency transceiver 101, a signal transmission path 102, and an antenna unit 103.
  • the input end of the signal transmitting path 102 can be connected to the transmitting port TX of the radio frequency transceiver 101 , and the output end of the signal transmitting path 102 can be connected to the antenna unit 103 .
  • the frequency of the radio frequency signal of the device under test can be controlled by the radio frequency transceiver 101, for example.
  • the radio frequency signal transmitted from the transmission port TX of the radio frequency transceiver 101 may be radiated through the antenna unit 103.
  • a transmission power amplifier 104 can be configured in the signal transmission path 102.
  • the radio frequency signal transmitted from the transmission port TX of the radio frequency transceiver 101 can be signal enhanced through the transmission power amplifier 104, and then the enhanced The signal is fed to the antenna unit 103 and radiated.
  • a receiving power amplifier 105 may be configured in the signal receiving path to improve the signal receiving quality of the radio frequency system 100 .
  • the receiving power amplifier 105 may be, for example, a low noise amplifier (low noise amplifier, LAN).
  • the position of the antenna unit 103 is given in a two-dimensional plan view 110 of the device under test.
  • the radio frequency transceiver 101 is mainly used to control the reduction of the radio frequency power emitted by the transmission port TX (which can also be called the radio frequency conduction power of the device under test) to reduce the radio frequency transmission power of the antenna unit 103 (which can also be called the radio frequency of the device under test). transmit power), thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the SAR value of the antenna unit 103.
  • This approach is often referred to as fixed backoff RF power.
  • the maximum transmit power of the device under test is 23dBm
  • the SAR fallback mechanism when the SAR fallback mechanism is activated or triggered, the device under test can control the transmit power through the radio frequency transceiver to fall back with a fixed backoff value, such as 3dB.
  • the RF power will remain at 20dBm for transmission.
  • Low-power transmission will cause the power of the device under test to reach the base station to be reduced accordingly, and the signal-to-noise ratio SNR will also be reduced.
  • Low SNR signals at the base station will increase the bit error rate of the base station demodulation, which will affect the communication quality and even cause communication interruption, ultimately affecting the user's actual experience.
  • TASAR time average specific absorption rate
  • the transmit power is dynamically adjusted through the time average algorithm to achieve SAR. specifications. That is to say, it is a technology that controls the radio frequency transmission power through the transceiver so that the average SAR value within the standard time window does not exceed the standard.
  • P_limit can be understood as the radio frequency power corresponding to the average SAR upper limit value within the standard time window. If the radio frequency power is higher than P_limit, the corresponding SAR value will exceed the upper limit threshold. It can be seen that compared with the traditional method of fixed back-off RF power, the implementation of TA-SAR can allow real-time transmission power to be transmitted with a power higher than P_limit in certain time periods, and with a power lower than P_limit in certain time periods. To transmit, so as to achieve the average power ⁇ P_limit within a certain time window. In this way, network performance can be improved, thereby improving user experience.
  • the implementation of TA-SAR can transmit at the maximum power (P 1 ) in the t 1 time period.
  • P 1 the maximum power
  • P 2 the power backoff is required at this time, that is, with a lower Power (P 2 ) continues to be emitted.
  • the maximum transmit power is in the time period t 1 , when time t 2 comes, it can only transmit at a lower or even lowest power.
  • low-power transmission after time t 2 will still lead to poor user experience; in addition, the need for frequent adjustments to the transmission power will also bring some risks. For example, frequent adjustments will cause the transmission power amplifier to be easily burned out.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a radio frequency system.
  • the impedance conversion unit By setting an impedance conversion unit in the radio frequency signal transmission path, when the average SAR value within the preset time window is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the impedance conversion unit is The impedance value is adjusted to dynamically adjust the radiation area and power radiation intensity of the antenna unit. Further, the average SAR value of the antenna unit within the standard time window is less than the preset threshold, which improves user experience.
  • the radio frequency system 300 includes a radio frequency transceiver 301 , a signal transmission path 302 and an antenna unit 303 .
  • the input end of the signal transmitting path 302 can be connected to the transmitting port TX of the radio frequency transceiver 301 , and the output end of the signal transmitting path 302 can be connected to the antenna unit 103 .
  • the frequency of the radio frequency signal of the device under test can be controlled by the radio frequency transceiver 301.
  • the radio frequency signal transmitted from the transmission port TX of the radio frequency transceiver 301 may be radiated through the antenna unit 303.
  • the signal transmission path 302 may include an impedance transformation unit 306 and a control unit (not shown in the figure).
  • the impedance transformation unit 306 may be used to dynamically match the impedance of the signal transmission path.
  • the control unit may be connected to the impedance conversion unit 306.
  • the control unit may adjust the impedance value of the impedance conversion unit 306, thereby controlling the radiation of the antenna unit 303.
  • the area and power radiation intensity further, can make the average SAR value within the standard time window less than the preset threshold.
  • the embodiments of the present application can improve network performance and user experience by dynamically adjusting the average SAR value within a standard time window.
  • the impedance transformation unit 306 may refer to a device unit with variable impedance.
  • the impedance conversion unit 306 may include a plurality of impedance devices with different impedances, and switches connected to each impedance device in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the impedance conversion unit 306 may dynamically match the conduction states of the switches corresponding to the impedance devices with different impedances.
  • control unit may be connected to a switch in the impedance conversion unit 306, and the control unit may adjust the switch conduction state corresponding to the impedance device of different impedances in the impedance conversion unit 306, so that the average value within the standard time window The SAR value is less than the preset threshold.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not impose specific restrictions on the type of the impedance transformation unit 306.
  • the impedance of the impedance transformation unit 306 may change in a jump manner.
  • the impedance transformation unit 306 may be a multi-section ladder impedance transformer.
  • the impedance of the impedance transformation unit 306 may also be continuously changed.
  • the impedance transformation unit 306 may be a gradient impedance transformer.
  • a transmission power amplifier 304 may also be configured in the signal transmission path 302.
  • the input end of the power amplifier 304 is connected to the radio frequency transceiver 301, and the output end of the power amplifier 304 is connected to the impedance conversion unit 306.
  • the radio frequency signal sent from the transmission port TX of the radio frequency transceiver 301 can be signal enhanced through the transmission power amplifier 304, and then the enhanced signal is fed to the antenna unit 303 for radiation.
  • the embodiment of the present application dynamically adjusts the resistance of the impedance conversion unit 306 to adjust the average SAR value within the standard time window to be lower than the preset threshold. In this way, the transmission amplifier caused by frequent adjustments of the radio frequency transceiver 301 can be reduced.
  • a receiving power amplifier 305 may also be configured in the signal receiving path to improve the signal receiving quality of the radio frequency system 300 .
  • the receiving power amplifier 105 may be, for example, a low noise amplifier (low noise amplifier, LAN).
  • the position of the antenna unit 303 is given in a two-dimensional plan view 310 of the device under test.
  • the antenna unit 303 may include multiple antennas, and the control unit may be connected to the multiple antennas.
  • the control unit can select to turn on different antennas based on the antenna performance of the multiple antennas, so that the average SAR value of the multiple antennas within the standard time window less than the preset threshold.
  • the antenna pattern as an example, each of the above-mentioned multiple antennas has a different radiation pattern.
  • different antennas can be selected to be turned on through the control unit (later An example of the implementation of selectively turning on different antennas will be described in conjunction with Figure 6.
  • the average SAR value within the standard time window can be smaller than the preset threshold by adjusting the impedance value of the impedance transformation unit 306 and/or the conduction states of multiple antennas with different performances.
  • the impedance value of the impedance conversion unit 306 is zero
  • the signal transmission path 302 at this time can be a wire path.
  • the conduction state of multiple antennas can be adjusted only so that in the standard time window The average SAR value within is less than the preset threshold.
  • control unit may be a software algorithm or a piece of program code.
  • the impedance of the impedance conversion unit 306 may be adjusted by outputting a high/low level. value, for example, the on/off state of the switch in the impedance conversion unit 306 can be controlled through high/low levels.
  • control unit can also be a hardware controller.
  • the control unit can be a programmable logic controller (PLC) or a control chip.
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • the standard time window in the embodiment of the present application may refer to an artificially set period of time.
  • the standard time window may be set according to international standards. For example, taking the FCC as an example, for radio frequency signals below 3 GHz, The standard time window can refer to continuous 100s; for radio frequency signals above 3GHz, the standard time window can refer to continuous 60s. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.
  • the preset time window in the embodiment of the present application may also refer to an artificially set period of time.
  • the preset time window has the same time starting point as the standard time window, and the preset time window is smaller than the standard time. window.
  • the preset threshold of TA-SAR can be set according to international standards. For example, taking the FCC standard as an example, the preset threshold of SAR can be set to 1.6W/kg; for another example, taking the EU's Taking the standard as an example, the preset threshold of SAR can be set to 2.0W/kg, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna unit 303 may refer to an antenna element used for radio frequency communication.
  • the antenna unit 303 may include multiple antennas.
  • the multiple antennas may have different antenna performance.
  • the antenna performance of the multiple antennas may include, for example, pattern, impedance, efficiency, frequency selection characteristics, etc., which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the antenna unit 303 may be a separately provided antenna unit, or may be located on the middle frame (metal middle frame) of the wireless communication device. That is to say, the antenna unit 303 may be part of the middle frame, and this embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.
  • the impedance conversion unit 406 in the embodiment of the present application may, for example, include three impedance devices with different impedances, and contact switches 123 connected to each impedance device in one-to-one correspondence.
  • software algorithms can be used to control the on-off states of the contact switches 123 to adjust the impedance state of the impedance conversion unit 406, thereby adjusting the radiation area (the area marked by the dotted box in the plan view 410) and radiation intensity of the antenna unit 403
  • the purpose is to further ensure that the average SAR value of the antenna unit 403 within the standard time window is less than the preset threshold.
  • the impedance conversion unit 403 may have different impedance values. The following is an exemplary introduction based on the conduction state of contact switches 123.
  • the impedance converter 406 controls the durations of SAR4_1, SAR4_2, and SAR4_3 in real time, and the average value is calculated.
  • the threshold value for example, can be represented by SAR_limit
  • the impedance state of the impedance conversion unit 406 is forced to switch to a state where the SAR value is lower than SAR_limit. That is to say, when the device under test is working normally, the SAR4_1 value in a certain impedance state can be lower than the SAR_limit.
  • the radiation area and radiation intensity of the antenna unit 403 can be changed, so that the SAR value in a certain impedance state can be lower than the preset threshold, so that the SAR value of some states can be higher than the preset threshold.
  • Set the threshold, and the combined state of some states with SAR values lower than the preset threshold, and finally the average SAR value within the standard time window is lower than the preset threshold.
  • the radio frequency transmission power in the embodiment of the present application does not need to be adjusted in real time, which reduces risks caused by frequent changes in power (such as the risk of burning out the transmission power amplifier 404).
  • the radio frequency system 600 may include a radio frequency transceiver 601 , an antenna unit 603 , a transmit power amplifier 604 , and a receive power amplifier 605 .
  • the radio frequency signal emitted from the transmission port TX of the radio frequency transceiver 601 can be signal enhanced through the transmission power amplifier 604, and then the enhanced signal is fed to the antenna unit 603 for radiation.
  • a receiving power amplifier 605 may be configured in the signal receiving path to improve the signal receiving quality of the radio frequency system 600 .
  • control unit (not shown in the figure) may be connected to the antenna unit 603, which may refer to an antenna element used for radio frequency communication.
  • the antenna unit 603 may include multiple antennas and switches connected to each antenna in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the multiple antennas may have different antenna performance.
  • the antenna performance of the multiple antennas includes: pattern, impedance, efficiency, frequency selection characteristics, etc., which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the antenna unit 603 may include three antennas (antenna 604_1, antenna 604_2, and antenna 604_3).
  • the positions of the antenna 604_1, the antenna 604_2, and the antenna 604_3 are exemplarily shown in the two-dimensional plan view 610 of the device under test.
  • the switch in this embodiment can be a contact switch element, in which case the conduction state of multiple antennas can be controlled in combination with a software algorithm.
  • the control unit when the average SAR value within the preset time window is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the control unit can select to turn on different antennas according to the antenna performance of the multiple antennas, so that the multiple antennas can operate at the standard time.
  • the average SAR value within the window is less than the preset threshold.
  • the SAR value tested in this state is SAR6_1; when the antenna 604_2 is closed, the SAR value tested in this state is SAR6_2; when the antenna 604_3 is closed, the SAR value tested in this state is SAR6_3 .
  • the values of SAR6_2 and SAR6_3 in some states can be higher than SAR_limit, and the SAR6_1 value in some states can be lower than SAR_limit. combination status.
  • different antennas have different radiation areas and radiation intensities, which ultimately makes the average SAR value lower than SAR_limit.
  • the radiation area and radiation intensity of the first antenna can be changed, so that the final average SAR value within the standard time window can be lower than the preset threshold.
  • the radio frequency transmission power in the embodiment of the present application does not need to be adjusted in real time, which reduces risks caused by frequent changes in power (such as the risk of burning out the transmission power amplifier 604).
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a wireless communication device, which may include any of the above radio frequency systems.
  • the device embodiment of the present disclosure is described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 , and the method embodiment of the present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 8 . It should be understood that the description of the method embodiments corresponds to the description of the device embodiments. Therefore, the parts not described in detail can be referred to the previous device embodiments.
  • FIG 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for reducing SAR provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method in Figure 8 can be applied to any of the above radio frequency systems.
  • the radio frequency system includes a radio frequency transceiver and a signal transmitting path.
  • the input end of the signal transmitting path is connected to the transmitting port of the radio frequency transceiver.
  • the output end of the signal transmitting path is connected to the antenna unit.
  • the signal transmission path includes an impedance transformation unit and a control unit
  • the SAR reduction method 800 may include steps S820 to S840.
  • step S820 obtain the average SAR value within the preset time window
  • step S840 when the average SAR value within the preset time window is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the impedance value of the impedance transformation unit is adjusted so that the average SAR value within the standard time window is less than the preset threshold. Threshold, wherein the preset time window and the standard time window have the same time starting point, and the preset time window is smaller than the standard time window.
  • the impedance conversion unit includes a plurality of impedance devices with different impedances, and switches connected to each impedance device in a one-to-one correspondence, and the impedance value of the impedance conversion unit is adjusted so that within a standard time window
  • the average SAR value is less than the preset threshold, including: adjusting the switch conduction states corresponding to the impedance devices of different impedances in the impedance conversion unit, so that the average SAR value within the standard time window is less than the preset threshold.
  • a power amplifier is further configured in the signal transmission path, the input end of the power amplifier is connected to the radio frequency transceiver, and the output end of the power amplifier is connected to the impedance conversion unit.
  • the antenna unit includes multiple antennas
  • the method further includes: when the average SAR value within the preset time window is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, select according to the performance of the multiple antennas.
  • the different antennas are turned on so that the average SAR value within the standard time window is less than the preset threshold.
  • the impedance value of the impedance transformation unit is zero.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another, e.g., the computer instructions may be transferred from a website, computer, server, or data center Transmission to another website, computer, server or data center through wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains one or more available media integrated.
  • the available media may be magnetic media (such as floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (such as digital video discs (Digital Video Disc, DVD)), or semiconductor media (such as solid state disks (Solid State Disk, SSD)), etc. .
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of the devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in various embodiments of the present disclosure may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种射频系统、降低SAR的方法以及无线通信设备。该射频系统包括射频收发器和信号发射通路，所述信号发射通路的输入端与所述射频收发器的发射端口连接，所述信号发射通路的输出端与天线单元连接，其中，所述信号发射通路包括：阻抗变换单元，用于动态匹配所述信号发射通路的阻抗；以及控制单元，与所述阻抗变换单元连接，当预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于预设阈值时，所述控制单元对所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值进行调节，以使得标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值，其中，所述预设时间窗口与所述标准时间窗口具有相同的时间起点，且所述预设时间窗口小于所述标准时间窗口。

Description

射频系统、降低SAR的方法以及无线通信设备
本申请要求于2022年03月24日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210296901.4、申请名称为“射频系统、降低SAR的方法以及无线通信设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，并且更为具体地，涉及一种射频系统、降低SAR的方法以及无线通信设备。
背景技术
随着信息技术的飞速发展，无线通信设备(比如智能手机)越来越普及，并且随着无线通信设备的功能越来越强大，其发射功率也越来越强，导致对人体产生了辐射影响。无线通信设备产生的辐射影响通常用特定吸收比率(specific absorption rate，SAR)来衡量，SAR值越大，表示对人体的影响越大；反之影响越小。
目前，主要通过降低射频系统的射频传导功率的方式来实现SAR值的降低，但是，较低的发射功率会影响通信质量，用户体验差。
发明内容
本申请提供一种射频系统、降低SAR的方法以及无线通信设备，以解决上述问题。
第一方面，一种无线通信设备，包括射频收发器和信号发射通路，所述信号发射通路的输入端与所述射频收发器的发射端口连接，所述信号发射通路的输出端与天线单元连接，其中，所述信号发射通路包括：阻抗变换单元，用于动态匹配所述信号发射通路的阻抗；以及控制单元，与所述阻抗变换单元连接，当预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于预设阈值时，所述控制单元对所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值进行调节，以使得标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值，其中，所述预设时间窗口与所述标准时间窗口具有相同的时间起点，且所述预设时间窗口小于所述标准时间窗口。
作为一种可能的实现方式，所述阻抗变换单元包括多个不同阻抗的阻抗器件，以及与每个阻抗器件一一对应连接的开关，所述阻抗变换单元用于根据不同阻抗的阻抗器件所对 应的开关导通状态，动态匹配所述信号发射通路的阻抗。
作为一种可能的实现方式，所述信号发射通路中还配置有功率放大器，所述功率放大器的输入端与所述射频收发器连接，所述功率放大器的输出端与所述阻抗变换单元连接。
作为一种可能的实现方式，所述天线单元包括多根天线，所述控制单元还用于：在所述预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于所述预设阈值时，根据所述多根天线的性能选择导通不同所述天线，以使得在所述标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值。
作为一种可能的实现方式，所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值为零。
第二方面，提供一种降低SAR的方法，应用于射频系统，所述射频系统包括射频收发器和信号发射通路，所述信号发射通路的输入端与所述射频收发器的发射端口连接，所述信号发射通路的输出端与天线单元连接，其中，所述信号发射通路包括阻抗变换单元，所述方法包括：获取预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值；当所述预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于预设阈值时，调节所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值，以使得在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值，其中，所述预设时间窗口与所述标准时间窗口具有相同的时间起点，且所述预设时间窗口小于所述标准时间窗口。
作为一种可能的实现方式，所述阻抗变换单元包括多个不同阻抗的阻抗器件，以及与每个阻抗器件一一对应连接的开关，所述调节所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值，以使得在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值，包括：调节所述阻抗变换单元中不同阻抗的阻抗器件所对应的开关导通状态，以使得在所述标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值。
作为一种可能的实现方式，所述信号发射通路中还配置有功率放大器，所述功率放大器的输入端与所述射频收发器连接，所述功率放大器的输出端与所述阻抗变换单元连接。
作为一种可能的实现方式，所述天线单元包括多根天线，所述方法还包括：在所述预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于所述预设阈值时，根据所述多根天线的性能选择导通不同所述天线，以使得在所述标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值。
作为一种可能的实现方式，所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值为零。
第三方面，提供一种无线通信设备，包括如第一方面或第一方面中所述的射频系统。
第四方面，提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被执行时实现如第二方面或第二方面中任一方式所述的方法。
第五方面，提供一种计算机程序产品，包括可执行代码，当所述可执行代码被执行时，能够实现如第二方面或第二方面中任一方式所述的方法。
本申请实施例提供一种射频系统，通过在射频信号发射通路中设置阻抗变换单元，当 预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于预设阈值时，通过对阻抗变换单元的阻抗值进行调节，以动态调节天线单元的辐射区域和功率辐射强度，进一步地，使得该天线单元在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于预设阈值，提高了用户体验。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施例提供的射频系统的结构示例图。
图2是本申请一实施例提供的发射功率调整过程的结构示例图。
图3是本申请另一实施例提供的射频系统的结构示例图。
图4是本申请另一实施例提供的发射功率调整过程的结构示例图。
图5是本申请一实施例提供的SAR测试结果的结构示例图。
图6是本申请又一实施例提供的射频系统的结构示例图。
图7是本申请另一实施例提供的SAR测试结果的结构示例图。
图8是本申请一实施例提供的降低SAR方法的示意性流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合本申请实施例中的附图对本申请实施例进行描述。以下描述中，参考形成本公开一部分并以说明之方式示出本申请实施例的具体方面或可使用本申请实施例的具体方面的附图。应理解，本申请实施例可在其它方面中使用，并可包括附图中未描绘的结构或逻辑变化。因此，以下详细描述不应以限制性的意义来理解，且本申请的范围由所附权利要求书界定。例如，应理解，结合所描述方法的揭示内容可以同样适用于用于执行所述方法的对应设备或系统，且反之亦然。例如，如果描述一个或多个具体方法步骤，则对应的设备可以包含如功能单元等一个或多个单元，来执行所描述的一个或多个方法步骤(例如，一个单元执行一个或多个步骤，或多个单元，其中每个都执行多个步骤中的一个或多个)，即使附图中未明确描述或说明这种一个或多个单元。另一方面，例如，如果基于如功能单元等一个或多个单元描述具体装置，则对应的方法可以包含一个步骤来执行一个或多个单元的功能性(例如，一个步骤执行一个或多个单元的功能性，或多个步骤，其中每个执行多个单元中一个或多个单元的功能性)，即使附图中未明确描述或说明这种一个或多个步骤。进一步，应理解的是，除非另外明确提出，本文中所描述的各示例性实施例和/或方面的特征可以相互组合。
需要说明的是，本申请涉及的无线通信设备可以为移动或便携式并执行无线通信 的各种类型的计算机系统设备中的任何一种。例如，无线通信设备可以为移动电话或智能电话(例如可以是基于iPhone TM的电话，或基于Android TM的电话)，便携式游戏设备(例如Nintendo DS TM，PlayStationPortable TM，Gameboy Advance TM，iPhone TM)、膝上型电脑、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、便携式互联网设备、音乐播放器以及数据存储设备，其他手持设备以及诸如手表、入耳式耳机、吊坠、头戴式耳机等。无线通信设备还可以为其他的可穿戴设备(例如，诸如电子眼镜、电子衣服、电子手镯、电子项链、电子纹身、电子设备、智能手表或头戴式显示器(head mount display，HMD)。
随着信息技术的飞速发展，无线通信设备也在进行不断地迭代更新。以支持第五代移动通信技术的智能手机为例，此类无线通信设备正在以极高的速率、极大的容量、极低的延时带领用户走进无线通信的“超音速”时代。与此同时，随着以智能手机为代表的无线通信设备的进化更迭，无线通信设备使用过程中所产生的电磁辐射对人体健康的影响也日益受到公众的广泛关注。
特定吸收比率SAR代表了生物体(包括人体)每单位公斤容许吸收的辐射量，定义为单位质量的人体组织所吸收或消耗的电磁功率，单位为W/kg。SAR值代表辐射对人体的影响，是最直接的测试值，SAR有针对全身的，局部的，四肢的数据，SAR值越低，辐射被吸收的的量越少。根据SAR规范规定，在设备无线通信传输过程中，头部或身体内累积的射频能量不得超过一定值。可以通过在一个确定的时间窗口内对无线通信设备的发射功率进行积分来计算射频能量。不同国家和地区的SAR监管机构对SAR标准要求略有不同，目前国际两个标准分别是美国联邦通信委员会(federal communications commission，FCC)的1.6W/kg与欧盟的2.0W/kg。
以FCC标准为例，对于3GHz以下的射频信号，要求100秒的时间周期内的平均SAR值不得超出1.6W/kg的上限要求。但是实时的SAR值是可以超过1.6W/kg的，只需要确保在标准时间窗口内(例如100秒)的平均SAR值控制在法规要求的范围之内即可。针对3GHz以上的射频信号，要求60秒的时间周期内的平均SAR值不得超出1.6W/kg的上限要求。同样实时的SAR值是可以超过1.6W/kg的，只需要确保在标准时间窗口内(例如60秒)的平均SAR值控制在法规要求的范围之内即可。
下面以图1所示的无线通信设备为例，对相关技术提供的降低SAR的方式进行介绍。
参见图1，待测设备(device under test，DUT)可以是指上文中的任一无线通信设备，例如智能手机。该待测设备可以包括射频系统100，射频系统100可以位于待 测设备的内部。射频系统100可以包括射频收发器101、信号发射通路102以及天线单元103。信号发射通路102的输入端可以与射频收发器101的发射端口TX连接，信号发射通路102的输出端可以与天线单元103连接。待测设备射频信号的频率例如可以由射频收发器101控制。从射频收发器101的发射端口TX发出的射频信号可以通过天线单元103辐射出去。在一些实施例中，在信号发射通路102中可以配置有发射功率放大器104，此时，从射频收发器101的发射端口TX发出的射频信号可以经发射功率放大器104进行信号增强，然后将增强的信号馈送到天线单元103上辐射出去。在一些实施例中，在信号接收通路中可以配置有接收功率放大器105，以提高射频系统100的信号接收质量。接收功率放大器105例如可以为低噪声放大器(low noise amplifier，LAN)。示例性地，待测设备的二维平面图110中给出了天线单元103的位置。
目前主要通过射频收发器101控制降低由发射端口TX发出的射频功率(也可以称为待测设备的射频传导功率)，来降低天线单元103的射频发射功率(也可以称为待测设备的射频发射功率)，进而达到降低天线单元103的SAR值的目的。该种方式通常被称为固定回退射频功率的做法。作为一个示例，假如待测设备的最大发射功率是23dBm，当SAR回退机制被激活或者触发时，待测设备可以通过射频收发器控制发射功率以固定的回退值进行回退，如3dB，回退之后的射频功率就会维持在20dBm发射。而低功率发射会导致待测设备到达基站处的功率也相应降低，信噪比SNR也会降低。基站处的低SNR信号，将导致基站解调的误码率增加，进而影响通信质量，甚至会导致通信中断，最终影响用户的实际体验。
为了降低较低的发射功率对通信质量的影响，相关技术中提出了时间平均特定吸收比率(time average specific absorption rate，TA-SAR)的概念，通过时间平均算法来动态调整发射功率，以达到SAR的规范。也就是说，通过收发器控制射频发射功率，使得在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值不超标的一种技术。
参见图2，P_limit可以理解为标准时间窗口内的平均SAR上限值对应的射频功率大小，如果射频功率高于P_limit时，相应的SAR值就会超出上限阈值。可以看出，相对于传统的固定回退射频功率的做法，TA-SAR的实现方式可以允许实时发射功率在某些时间段内高于P_limit的功率发射，在某些时间段以低于P_limit功率来发射，从而达到在一定的时间窗口内的平均功率≤P_limit。这样一来，网络性能可以得到提升，从而达到改善用户体验的效果。
TA-SAR的实现方式可以在t 1时间段内以最大功率(P 1)发射，在到达t 2时刻，因 为平均功率值达到Plimit限值要求，此时需要功率回退，即以较低的功率(P 2)继续发射。由于t 1时间段内为最大发射功率，导致当t 2时刻来临时，只能以较低，甚至最低的功率发射。而t 2时刻后的低功率发射仍会导致用户体验较差；另外，由于需要发射功率的频繁调整，也会带来一些风险，例如，频繁调整会导致发射功率放大器存在容易烧坏的风险。
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供一种射频系统，通过在射频信号发射通路中设置阻抗变换单元，当预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于预设阈值时，通过对阻抗变换单元的阻抗值进行调节，以动态调节天线单元的辐射区域和功率辐射强度，进一步地，使得该天线单元在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于预设阈值，提高了用户体验。
下文结合图3对本申请实施例中的射频系统进行详细介绍。如图3所示，射频系统300包括射频收发器301、信号发射通路302以及天线单元303。信号发射通路302的输入端可以与射频收发器301的发射端口TX连接，信号发射通路302的输出端可以与天线单元103连接。待测设备射频信号的频率可以由射频收发器301控制。从射频收发器301的发射端口TX发出的射频信号可以通过天线单元303辐射出去。
在一些实施例中，信号发射通路302中可以包括阻抗变换单元306和控制单元(图中未示出)。阻抗变换单元306可用于动态匹配信号发射通路的阻抗。控制单元可与阻抗变换单元306连接，当预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于预设阈值时，控制单元可以对阻抗变换单元306的阻抗值进行调节，从而可以控制天线单元303的辐射区域和功率辐射强度，进一步地，可以使得在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于预设阈值。与相关技术中的固定回退射频功率的方法相比，本申请实施例通过动态调整标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值，可以改善网络性能，提高了用户体验。
在一些实施例中，阻抗变换单元306可以是指具有可变阻抗的器件单元。例如阻抗变换单元306可以包括多个不同阻抗的阻抗器件，以及与每个阻抗器件一一对应连接的开关，该阻抗变换单元306可以根据不同阻抗的阻抗器件所对应的开关导通状态，动态匹配信号发射通路302的阻抗。作为一个示例，控制单元例如可以与阻抗变换单元306中的开关连接，控制单元可以通过调节阻抗变换单元306中不同阻抗的阻抗器件所对应的开关导通状态，以使得在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值。本申请实施例对阻抗变换单元306的类型不做具体限制，例如该阻抗变换单元306的阻抗可以是跳跃式变化，比如阻抗变换单元306可以为多节阶梯阻抗变换器。又如，该阻抗变换单元306的阻抗也可以是无级式变化，比如阻抗变换单元306可以为渐变 式阻抗变换器。
在一些实施例中，在信号发射通路302中还可以配置有发射功率放大器304，该功率放大器304的输入端与射频收发器301连接，功率放大器304的输出端与阻抗变换单元306连接。此时，从射频收发器301的发射端口TX发出的射频信号可以经发射功率放大器304进行信号增强，然后将增强的信号馈送到天线单元303上辐射出去。本申请实施例通过动态调整阻抗变换单元306的阻值，以调整标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值低于预设阈值，这样一来，能够降低由于射频收发器301的频繁调整所导致的发射放大器304易烧坏的风险。应理解，在信号接收通路中也可以配置有接收功率放大器305，以提高射频系统300的信号接收质量。接收功率放大器105例如可以为低噪声放大器(low noise amplifier，LAN)。示例性地，待测设备的二维平面图310中给出了天线单元303的位置。
在一些实施例中，天线单元303可以包括多根天线，控制单元可以与多根天线连接。在预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于预设阈值时，控制单元可以根据多根天线的天线性能选择导通不同的天线，以使得该多根天线在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于预设阈值。以天线的方向图为例，上述多根天线中的每根天线具有不同的辐射方向图，在无线通信过程中，根据不同的天线性能，可以通过控制单元来选择导通不同的天线(后文会结合图6对选择导通不同天线的实现进行举例说明，具体可以参见图6的相关描述)，以改变射频辐射方向以及SAR热点分布。也就是说，通过选择导通不同的天线可以改变SAR热点分布，这样就可以有效降低TA-SAR值，以使得该天线单元303(即多根天线)在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于预设阈值。通过切换不同天线的方式，可以进一步改善因射频发射功率低所导致的网络质量差的问题，进一步提高了用户体验。同时，也降低了频繁切换发射功率所导致的发射放大器304易烧坏的风险。需要说明的是，可以通过调整阻抗变换单元306的阻抗值和/或不同性能的多根天线的导通状态的方式，来使得在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于预设阈值。示例性地，当阻抗变换单元306的阻抗值为零时，此时的信号发射通路302可以为导线通路，此时可以通过仅调节多根天线的导通状态的方式，来使得在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于预设阈值。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例对控制单元的类型不做具体限制，例如控制单元可以是软件算法或一段程序代码，例如可以通过输出高/低电平的方式来调节阻抗变换单元306的阻抗值，如可以通过高/低电平来控制阻抗变换单元306中开关的导通/断开状态。又如，控制单元也可以是硬件控制器，例如该控制单元可以是可编程逻辑控制 器(programmable logic controller，PLC)或控制芯片等。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中的标准时间窗口可以是指人为设定的一段时间间隔，标准时间窗口例如可以根据国际标准来设定，比如以FCC为例，对于3GHz以下的射频信号，标准时间窗口可以是指连续的100s；针对3GHz以上的射频信号，标准时间窗口可以是指连续的60s。本申请实施例对此不做具体限制。可以理解的是，本申请实施例中的预设时间窗口也可以是指人为设定的一段时间间隔，该预设时间窗口与标准时间窗口具有相同的时间起点，且预设时间窗口小于标准时间窗口。
需要说明的是，TA-SAR的预设阈值可以根据国际标准来设定的，例如，以FCC的标准为例，SAR的预设阈值可以设定为1.6W/kg；又如，以欧盟的标准为例，SAR的预设阈值可以设定为2.0W/kg，本申请实施例对此不做具体限制。
需要说明的是，天线单元303可以是指用于射频通信的天线元件。天线单元303可以包括多根天线。该多根天线可以具有不同的天线性能。该多根天线的天线性能例如可以包括：方向图、阻抗、效率、选频特性等，本申请实施例对此不做具体限制。应理解，天线单元303可以是单独设置的天线单元，也可以是位于无线通信设备的中框(金属中框)上。也就是说，该天线单元303可以属于中框的一部分，本申请实施例对此不做具体限制。
为了进一步阐述本申请实施例中的射频系统，下面结合图4和图5对调整TA-SAR的过程进行详细描述。
如图4所示，本申请实施例中阻抗变换单元406例如可以是包括3个不同阻抗的阻抗器件，以及与每个阻抗器件一一对应连接的触点开关①②③。此时可以结合软件算法对触点开关①②③的通断状态进行控制，以调整阻抗变换单元406的阻抗状态，从而达到调整天线单元403的辐射区域(平面图410中虚线框标识的区域)和辐射强度的目的，进一步地，使得天线单元403在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于预设阈值。应理解，当触点开关①②③具有不同的导通状态时，阻抗变换单元403可以具有不同的阻抗值。下面结合触点开关①②③的导通状态进行示例性的介绍。
当开关①闭合②③打开时，此种状态下测试的SAR值为SAR4_1，辐射区域如图4A中的虚框框图所示。当开关②闭合①③打开时，此种状态下测试的SAR值为SAR4_2，辐射区域如图4B中的虚框框图所示。当开关③闭合①②打开时，此种状态下测试的SAR值为SAR4_3，辐射区域如图4C中的虚框框图所示。
如图5所示，可以看出，通过对阻抗变换器406进行调整，实时统计SAR4_1、SAR4_2、SAR4_3的持续时间，并进行平均值计算，当在预设时间窗口内的平均SAR 值逼近预设阈值(比如可以用SAR_limit来表示)时，强制将阻抗变换单元406的阻抗状态切到SAR值低于SAR_limit的状态。也就是说，在待测设备正常工作时，可以实现某个阻抗状态下SAR4_1值低于SAR_limit，如此即可实现部分状态SAR4_2和SAR4_3的值高于SAR_limit，部分状态SAR4_1值低于SAR_limit的组合状态，同时也改变了天线单元403的辐射区域，最终使得平均SAR值低于SAR_limit。
据上述内容可知，通过调整阻抗变换单元406可以改变天线单元403的辐射区域和辐射强度，从而可以实现某个阻抗状态下SAR值低于预设阈值，如此即可实现部分状态SAR值高于预设阈值，部分状态SAR值低于预设阈值的组合状态，最终在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值低于预设阈值。另外，本申请实施例中的射频发射功率大小不需要实时调整，降低了大小功率频繁变化带来的风险(比如烧坏发射功率放大器404的风险)。
下文结合图6对本申请实施例提出的另一射频系统进行详细介绍。如图6所示，射频系统600可以包括射频收发器601、天线单元603、发射功率放大器604、接收功率放大器605。从射频收发器601的发射端口TX发出的射频信号可以经发射功率放大器604进行信号增强，然后将增强的信号馈送到天线单元603上辐射出去。示例性地，在信号接收通路中可以配置有接收功率放大器605，以提高射频系统600的信号接收质量。
在一些实施例中，控制单元(图中未示出)可以与天线单元603连接，天线单元603可以是指用于射频通信的天线元件。天线单元603可以包括多根天线以及与每根天线一一对应连接的开关。
该多根天线可以与有不同的天线性能。该多根天线的天线性能包括：方向图、阻抗、效率、选频特性等，本申请实施例对此不做具体限制。作为一个示例，天线单元603可以包括三根天线(天线604_1、天线604_2和天线604_3)，待测设备的二维平面图610中示例性地给出了天线604_1、天线604_2和天线604_3的位置。作为一个示例，本实施例中的开关例如可以是触点开关元件，此时可以结合软件算法对多根天线的导通状态进行控制。
在一些实施例中，在预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于预设阈值时，控制单元可以根据多根天线的天线性能选择导通不同的天线，以使得该多根天线在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于预设阈值。下面以天线的方向图性能为例，结合图6和图7对多根天线的选择导通过程进行说明。
当闭合天线604_1时，此种状态下测试的SAR值为SAR6_1；当闭合天线604_2 时，此种状态下测试的SAR值为SAR6_2；当闭合天线604_3时，此种状态下测试的SAR值为SAR6_3。
如图7所示，可以看出，在无线通信设备的正常使用过程中，通过根据多根天线的不同天线性能，选择导通不同的天线，并实时统计SAR6_1、SAR6_2、SAR6_3的持续时间，并进行平均值计算，当在预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值逼近SAR_limit时，可以强制将天线的当前天线的导通状态切到SAR值低于SAR_limit的导通状态。也就是说，在待测设备正常工作时，可以选择导通不同的天线，以实现SAR6_1值低于SAR_limit，如此即可实现部分状态SAR6_2和SAR6_3的值高于SAR_limit，部分状态SAR6_1值低于SAR_limit的组合状态。同时，不同的天线具有不同的辐射区域和辐射强度，最终使得平均SAR值低于SAR_limit。
据上述内容可知，通过动态切换不同天线的导通状态，可以改变第一天线的辐射区域和辐射强度，从而可以实现最终在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值低于预设阈值。另外，本申请实施例中的射频发射功率大小不需要实时调整，降低了大小功率频繁变化带来的风险(比如烧坏发射功率放大器604的风险)。
本申请实施例还提出了一种无线通信设备，该无线通信设备可以包括上文中的任一射频系统。
上文结合图1至图7，详细描述了本公开的装置实施例，下面结合图8详细描述本公开的方法实施例。应理解，方法实施例的描述与装置实施例的描述相互对应，因此，未详细描述的部分可以参见前面装置实施例。
图8是本申请实施例提供的降低SAR方法的流程示意图。图8的方法可以应用于上述任一射频系统，该射频系统包括射频收发器和信号发射通路，信号发射通路的输入端与射频收发器的发射端口连接，信号发射通路的输出端与天线单元连接，其中，信号发射通路包括阻抗变换单元和控制单元，降低SAR方法800可以包括步骤S820～S840。
在步骤S820，获取预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值；
在步骤S840，当所述预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于预设阈值时，调节所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值，以使得在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值，其中，所述预设时间窗口与所述标准时间窗口具有相同的时间起点，且所述预设时间窗口小于所述标准时间窗口。
可选地，所述阻抗变换单元包括多个不同阻抗的阻抗器件，以及与每个阻抗器件一一对应连接的开关，所述调节所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值，以使得在标准时间窗口 内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值，包括：调节所述阻抗变换单元中不同阻抗的阻抗器件所对应的开关导通状态，以使得在所述标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值。
可选地，所述信号发射通路中还配置有功率放大器，所述功率放大器的输入端与所述射频收发器连接，所述功率放大器的输出端与所述阻抗变换单元连接。
可选地，所述天线单元包括多根天线，所述方法还包括：在所述预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于所述预设阈值时，根据所述多根天线的性能选择导通不同所述天线，以使得在所述标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值。
可选地，所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值为零。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其他任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本公开实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(Digital Subscriber Line，DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如数字视频光盘(Digital Video Disc，DVD))、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘(Solid State Disk，SSD))等。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本公开实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本公开的范围。
在本公开所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执 行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本公开各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种射频系统，其特征在于，包括射频收发器和信号发射通路，所述信号发射通路的输入端与所述射频收发器的发射端口连接，所述信号发射通路的输出端与天线单元连接，其中，所述信号发射通路包括：
    阻抗变换单元，用于动态匹配所述信号发射通路的阻抗；以及
    控制单元，与所述阻抗变换单元连接，当预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于预设阈值时，所述控制单元对所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值进行调节，以使得标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值，其中，所述预设时间窗口与所述标准时间窗口具有相同的时间起点，且所述预设时间窗口小于所述标准时间窗口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的射频系统，其特征在于，所述阻抗变换单元包括多个不同阻抗的阻抗器件，以及与每个阻抗器件一一对应连接的开关，所述阻抗变换单元用于根据不同阻抗的阻抗器件所对应的开关导通状态，动态匹配所述信号发射通路的阻抗。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的射频系统，其特征在于，所述信号发射通路中还配置有功率放大器，所述功率放大器的输入端与所述射频收发器连接，所述功率放大器的输出端与所述阻抗变换单元连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的射频系统，其特征在于，所述天线单元包括多根天线，所述控制单元还用于：
    在所述预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于所述预设阈值时，根据所述多根天线的性能选择导通不同所述天线，以使得在所述标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的射频系统，其特征在于，所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值为零。
  6. 一种降低SAR的方法，其特征在于，应用于射频系统，所述射频系统包括射频收发器和信号发射通路，所述信号发射通路的输入端与所述射频收发器的发射端口连接，所述信号发射通路的输出端与天线单元连接，其中，所述信号发射通路包括阻抗变换单元，所述方法包括：
    获取预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值；
    当所述预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于预设阈值时，调节所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值，以使得在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值，其中，所述预设时间窗口与所述标准时间窗口具有相同的时间起点，且所述预设时间窗口小于所述标准时间窗口。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述阻抗变换单元包括多个不同阻抗的阻抗器件，以及与每个阻抗器件一一对应连接的开关，所述调节所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值，以使得在标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值，包括：
    调节所述阻抗变换单元中不同阻抗的阻抗器件所对应的开关导通状态，以使得在所述标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信号发射通路中还配置有功率放大器，所述功率放大器的输入端与所述射频收发器连接，所述功率放大器的输出端与所述阻抗变换单元连接。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述天线单元包括多根天线，所述方法还包括：
    在所述预设时间窗口内的平均SAR值大于或等于所述预设阈值时，根据所述多根天线的性能选择导通不同所述天线，以使得在所述标准时间窗口内的平均SAR值小于所述预设阈值。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述阻抗变换单元的阻抗值为零。
  11. 一种无线通信设备，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的射频系统。
PCT/CN2022/139293 2022-03-24 2022-12-15 射频系统、降低sar的方法以及无线通信设备 WO2023179116A1 (zh)

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