WO2023174233A1

WO2023174233A1 - Electronic device and method for spectrum sharing system, and storage medium

Info

Publication number: WO2023174233A1
Application number: PCT/CN2023/081219
Authority: WO
Inventors: 梁逸飞; 赵友平; 王硕; 孙晨
Original assignee: 索尼集团公司; 梁逸飞
Priority date: 2022-03-15
Filing date: 2023-03-14
Publication date: 2023-09-21
Also published as: CN116801261A

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electronic device and method for a spectrum sharing system, and a storage medium. The electronic device for a spectrum sharing system comprises a processing circuit, which is configured to receive, from a spectrum management device of the spectrum sharing system, interference relationship information that indicates interference relationships between a plurality of access point devices in the spectrum sharing system, and to classify the plurality of access point devices into a plurality of sections on the basis of the interference relationship information, wherein at least some blockchain-based spectrum transactions between the plurality of access point devices are performed in a single section.

Description

Electronic devices, methods and storage media for spectrum sharing systems

Technical field

The present disclosure relates generally to spectrum sharing systems, and specifically to techniques related to spectrum trading in spectrum sharing systems.

Background technique

In recent years, with the development of wireless communications, spectrum resources have become scarce to a certain extent. In order to cope with this problem, wireless communication systems supporting spectrum sharing have emerged. In such a wireless communication system, different users can share spectrum resources according to priority, for example, and users can trade spectrum resources, for example, buy, sell or lease spectrum resources in a specific frequency band.

Therefore, there is a need for a technology that enables efficient spectrum trading.

Contents of the invention

The present disclosure proposes a solution related to spectrum trading. Specifically, the present disclosure provides an electronic device, method and storage medium for a spectrum sharing system.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to an electronic device for a spectrum sharing system, including: a processing circuit configured to: receive an indication of a plurality of access points within the spectrum sharing system from a spectrum management device of the spectrum sharing system Interference relationship information of interference relationships between devices; and based on the interference relationship information, divide the multiple access point devices into multiple slices, wherein at least part of the interference relationships between the multiple access point devices Blockchain-based spectrum trading occurs within a single shard.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for a spectrum sharing system, including receiving, from a spectrum management device of the spectrum sharing system, an interference relationship between a plurality of access point devices within the spectrum sharing system. interference relationship information; and based on the interference relationship information, dividing the plurality of access point devices into multiple shards, wherein at least part of the spectrum trading between the multiple access point devices is based on blockchain Do it within a single shard.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to an electronic device for a spectrum sharing system including a plurality of access point devices divided into a plurality of shards and each shard A shard only maintains blockchain-based spectrum transactions for access point devices within the shard that are the first of the plurality of access point devices and are partitioned into the plurality of access point devices. The first slice among the slices, the electronic device The equipment includes processing circuitry configured to: receive a spectrum transaction request from a second access point device within the first shard; perform an interference audit for the spectrum transaction; and in response to passing the interference audit, perform a consensus-based protocol transaction confirmation in order to record the spectrum transaction on the blockchain for the first shard, where the interference review includes the following aspects: initiating an inquiry to the spectrum management equipment of the spectrum sharing system to verify whether the spectrum transaction is It will cause interference to high-priority users; and based on the consensus protocol, each access point device on the first shard verifies whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to itself.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for a spectrum sharing system including a plurality of access point devices divided into a plurality of shards and each shard Maintaining only blockchain-based spectrum transactions for access point devices within the shard, the method is performed by a first access point device among the plurality of access point devices, and the first access point device Being divided into a first shard of the plurality of shards, the method includes: receiving a spectrum transaction request from a second access point device within the first shard; performing an interference review for the spectrum transaction; and responding After passing the interference review, a transaction confirmation based on the consensus protocol is performed to record the spectrum transaction on the blockchain for the first shard, where the interference review includes the following aspects: to the spectrum of the spectrum sharing system The management device initiates an inquiry to verify whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to high-priority users; and based on the consensus protocol, each access point device on the first shard verifies whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to itself interference.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to electronic devices for use in a spectrum sharing system that includes a plurality of access point devices divided into a plurality of shards and each shard is only Maintaining blockchain-based spectrum transactions for access point devices within the shard, the electronic device being a second access point device in the plurality of access point devices and partitioned into the plurality of shards In the first slice in the slice, the electronic device includes a processing circuit configured to: send a spectrum transaction request to the first access point device in the first slice, wherein the spectrum transaction passes the interference review It is confirmed based on the consensus protocol, so that the spectrum transaction is recorded on the blockchain for the first shard, where the interference review includes the following aspects: review of whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to high-priority users; and Whether the spectrum transaction will result in an audit of interference to each access point device on the first shard.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for a spectrum sharing system including a plurality of access point devices, the spectrum sharing system including a plurality of access point devices, the plurality of access points The device is divided into multiple shards and each shard only maintains blockchain-based spectrum transactions for access point devices within the shard, and the method is performed by a second one of the multiple access point devices. The access point device executes, and the second access point device is partitioned into a first shard of the plurality of shards, the method including the first access point device within the first shard. Prepare to send a spectrum transaction request, wherein the spectrum transaction is confirmed based on the consensus protocol after passing the interference review, so that the spectrum transaction is recorded on the blockchain for the first shard, where the interference review includes the following aspects: Review whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to high-priority users; and review whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to each access point device on the first slice.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed, implement the method as described in the above aspect.

Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a device. The device includes: a processor and a storage device, the storage device stores executable instructions, and when executed, the executable instructions implement the method as described above.

The summary above is provided in order to summarize some exemplary embodiments and provide a basic understanding of various aspects of the subject matter described herein. Accordingly, the above features are examples only and should not be construed as in any way narrowing the scope or spirit of the subject matter described herein. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter described herein will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Description of the drawings

A better understanding of the present disclosure may be obtained when considering the following detailed description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The same or similar reference numbers are used in the various drawings to identify the same or similar parts. The accompanying drawings, together with the following detailed description, are incorporated in and form a part of this specification for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the disclosure and explaining the principles and advantages of the disclosure. in:

Figure 1 schematically shows a scenario of a spectrum sharing system according to the solution of the present disclosure;

2 schematically illustrates a conceptual configuration of a control device for a spectrum sharing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 3 schematically illustrates a conceptual operational flow of a control device for a spectrum sharing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 4 schematically illustrates a flowchart of sharding multiple access point devices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 5 schematically illustrates a flow chart for selecting key nodes from multiple access point devices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 6 schematically illustrates a flow chart of dividing access point devices other than key nodes among multiple access point devices into corresponding slices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 7 schematically illustrates information interaction for updating shards according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

8 schematically illustrates a third access point device for a spectrum sharing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. a conceptual configuration;

FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a first conceptual operation flow of an access point device for a spectrum sharing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 10 schematically illustrates a second conceptual configuration of an access point device for a spectrum sharing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 11 schematically illustrates a second conceptual operational flow of an access point device for a spectrum sharing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 12 schematically illustrates information interaction for spectrum trading within a shard according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 13 schematically illustrates information interaction for spectrum trading between access point devices belonging to different shards according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 14 schematically illustrates information interaction for transferring an access point device from one shard to another shard according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 15 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a simulation scenario for simulating the disclosed solution;

Figure 16 schematically shows the simulation result curve chart of the system transaction broadcast overhead changing with the number of coexisting access point devices in the system;

Figure 17 schematically shows a graph of the simulation results of the transaction broadcast overhead in the system changing with the average transmit power of the access point device in the system;

Figure 18 schematically shows a graph of simulation results of system transaction throughput as a function of the number of access point devices present in the system;

Figure 19 schematically shows a simulation result curve chart of the system consensus delay changing with the number of coexisting access point devices in the system;

20 is a block diagram illustrating an example structure of a server 1300 that can implement a control device according to the present disclosure;

21 is a block diagram illustrating a first example of a schematic configuration of a gNB that may be used as an access point device of the present disclosure;

22 is a block diagram illustrating a second example of a schematic configuration of a gNB that may be used as an access point device of the present disclosure.

While the embodiments described in this disclosure are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are illustrated by way of example in the drawings and are described in detail herein. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereof are not intended to limit the embodiments to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the claims. plan.

Detailed ways

Representative applications of various aspects of apparatus and methods according to the present disclosure are described below. These examples are described solely to add context and aid in understanding the described embodiments. Therefore, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments described below may be practiced without some or all of the specific details. In other instances, well-known process steps have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the described embodiments. Other applications are possible, and the present disclosure is not limited to these examples.

Typically, the spectrum sharing system according to the present disclosure includes at least a control device and a plurality of access point devices.

In this disclosure, "control device" has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning. For example, the control device may be any type of server, such as tower, rack, and blade servers, or any suitable distributed server.

In this disclosure, the term "access point device" has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning and includes at least a wireless communication station that is part of a wireless communication system or radio system to facilitate communications. As an example, the base station may be an eNB of the 4G communication standard, a gNB of the 5G NR communication standard, a remote radio head, a wireless access point, a drone control tower, or a communication device that performs similar functions.

As introduced in the background art, spectrum sharing systems that allow trading of spectrum resources have emerged. Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) is an exemplary spectrum sharing system. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) stipulates that the 3550-3700MHz frequency band be used for CBRS. In the CBRS system, users are divided into three levels with different priorities, namely: first-level services (for example, U.S. Navy radar and fixed satellite earth stations), Priority Access License users (Priority Access License, PAL) and General Authorized Access (GAA) users. In the CBRS system, for example, GAA users can trade spectrum among themselves (for example, buying and selling spectrum resources in a specific frequency band and leasing spectrum resources in a specific frequency band during a specific period, etc.). In the following, for convenience of description, embodiments for a spectrum sharing system according to the present disclosure will be described taking CBRS as an example. In particular, the control device according to the present disclosure may be a Coexistence Manager (CxM) in the CBRS system, and the access point device according to the present disclosure may be a Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device in the CBRS system. CBSD), the spectrum management equipment according to the present disclosure can enable the spectrum access system (Spectrum Access System, SAS) in the CBRS system. However, it should be understood that this description is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and spectrum sharing systems in accordance with the present disclosure may include any suitable wireless communication system that allows trading of spectrum.

In recent years, the application of blockchain technology in the field of spectrum sharing has been extensively studied. For example, spectrum sharing systems All access point devices in the system can constitute each node of a blockchain. In this single-chain architecture of the blockchain, each block can include one or more spectrum transactions between access point devices. However, since there may be a large number of access point devices in the spectrum sharing system, information related to spectrum transactions needs to be propagated to each access point device, which will result in higher transaction propagation overhead and thus larger transaction delays. Therefore, this single-chain architecture spectrum trading blockchain is usually difficult to meet the needs of practical applications.

Sharding technology has emerged for blockchain systems. This sharding technology divides the nodes in the blockchain system into multiple shard networks randomly or statically based on geographical location, so that transactions can be processed in parallel on multiple shards, thus reducing transaction propagation overhead and improving transaction efficiency. Processing speed to support the expansion of the blockchain system.

However, spectrum trading is a special kind of deal. During the transaction verification process, in addition to verifying the assets (ie, spectrum resources) owned by both parties to the transaction, it is also additionally verified whether the transaction to be conducted will cause harmful interference to other access point devices in the spectrum sharing system. For example, in a spectrum sharing system, each access point device can know in advance which access point devices interfere with it based on information from the spectrum management device. When a spectrum transaction is required, the relevant information of the spectrum transaction (for example, the frequency band of the transaction, the time of occupying the frequency band, transmission power, etc.) will be notified to one or more other access point devices that have an interference relationship with the access point device that initiated the transaction. For access point devices, the spectrum transaction can only be realized if at least a predetermined number of access point devices among the one or more access point devices agree (that is, confirm that the spectrum transaction will not cause harmful interference to themselves).

In view of the above-mentioned particularities of spectrum trading, this disclosure notes that when access point devices are randomly fragmented or fragmented according to geographical location, access point devices that interfere with each other will be randomly divided into different Fragmentation. Therefore, this sharding method will lead to frequent cross-shard interference verification, thereby introducing further delays, which will greatly reduce the effect of sharding and even fail to improve transaction processing speed.

In response to the above problems, this disclosure proposes a blockchain dynamic sharding scheme suitable for spectrum sharing scenarios to improve the transaction processing speed of the spectrum blockchain system and reduce transaction delays.

Figure 1 shows a scenario of a spectrum sharing system according to the scheme of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, in the spectrum sharing system of the present disclosure, multiple access point devices can be divided into multiple slices (for example, three slices shown in Figure 1, but the number of slices is not limited to this). Each shard maintains only a local ledger for access point devices within that shard and at least partially blockchain-based spectrum transactions between multiple access point devices occur within a single shard. In other words, there are multiple blockchains in the spectrum sharing system of the present disclosure, each access point device only acts as a node of one of the blockchains based on sharding, and each blockchain only maintains information related to the block. Spectrum transactions involving access point devices in the shard corresponding to the chain. The control device according to the present disclosure may, for example, according to interference between multiple access point devices, as will be explained in detail below. Relationships are used for sharding. Therefore, the solution of the present disclosure can advantageously limit the propagation range of spectrum transactions on the blockchain, thereby improving the transaction throughput of the entire system. Although FIG. 1 shows only one control device, multiple control devices may exist in the spectrum sharing system according to the present disclosure. In this case, each control device can manage one or more shards, and information related to the respective managed shards can be shared between the various control devices.

Below, solutions of the present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, a conceptual configuration of a control device for a spectrum sharing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be explained with reference to FIG. 2 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , electronic device 20 may include processing circuitry 202 . The processing circuit 202 may be configured to receive an indication of interference relationships between multiple access point devices within the spectrum sharing system from a spectrum management device of the spectrum sharing system (for example, under a CBRS system, it may be a SAS). interference relationship information; and based on the interference relationship information, divide the plurality of access point devices into multiple slices, wherein at least part of the spectrum between the multiple access point devices is based on the blockchain Transactions occur within a single shard.

The processing circuit 202 may be in the form of a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processing circuit, such as an ASIC. For example, processing circuit 202 can be constructed from circuitry (hardware) or a central processing device such as a central processing unit (CPU). In addition, the processing circuit 202 may carry a program (software) for operating the circuit (hardware) or central processing device. The program can be stored in a memory (such as arranged in the memory 204) or an external storage medium connected from the outside, and downloaded via a network (such as the Internet).

In one implementation, processing circuitry 202 may include a communication control unit that communicates (optionally via communication unit 206) with other devices, such as spectrum management devices and access point devices, etc. The communication control unit may control receiving interference relationship information indicating interference relationships between multiple access point devices within the spectrum sharing system from a spectrum management device of the spectrum sharing system. Optionally, the communication control unit can also control communication with each access point device managed by the electronic device 20, for example, notify the fragmentation results to each access point device and obtain information from one or more access point devices. Point devices receive spectrum transaction data (such as ledgers).

In one implementation, processing circuitry 202 may also include a slicing unit. The fragmentation unit may, for example, divide the multiple access point devices into multiple fragments based on the interference relationship information received from the spectrum management device. For example, as will be explained in detail below, the sharding unit may cluster access point devices with close interference relationships into the same shard.

Optionally, the electronic device 20 may also include a memory 204 and a communication unit 206 shown in dotted lines in the figure. In addition, the electronic device 20 may also include other components not shown, such as radio frequency links, baseband processing units, network interfaces, processors, controllers, and the like. Processing circuitry 202 may be associated with memory 204 and/or communications unit 206 . For example, processing circuitry 202 may be connected to memory 204 directly or indirectly (eg, possibly with other components intervening) to Perform data access. For further example, the processing circuit 202 may be connected directly or indirectly to the communication unit 206 to send radio signals via the communication unit 206 and to receive radio signals via the communication unit 206 .

The memory 204 may store information received from other devices (for example, interference relationship information received from a spectrum management device, spectrum transaction data received from an access point device, etc.), various information generated by the processing circuit 202 (such as , fragmentation result information and the like), programs and data used for the operation of the electronic device 20, data to be sent by the communication unit 206, etc. Memory 204 is shown with a dashed line as it may also be located within the processing circuit 202 or external to the electronic device 20 . Memory 204 may be volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. For example, memory 204 may include, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read only memory (ROM), and flash memory.

The communication unit 206 may be configured to communicate with the terminal device under the control of the processing circuit 202 (eg, communication control unit). In one example, communication unit 206 may be implemented as a transmitter or transceiver, including communication components such as an antenna array and/or a radio frequency link.

Although the processing circuit 202 is shown separate from the communication unit 206 in FIG. 2 , the processing circuit 202 may also be implemented to include the communication unit 206 , for example, in combination with a communication control unit. Additionally, processing circuit 202 may also be implemented to include one or more other components in electronic device 20, or processing circuit 202 may be implemented as electronic device 20 itself. In actual implementation, the processing circuit 202 may be implemented as a chip (such as an integrated circuit module including a single wafer), a hardware component, or a complete product.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned units are only logical modules divided according to the specific functions they implement, and are not used to limit specific implementation methods. For example, they can be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. In actual implementation, each of the above units may be implemented as an independent physical entity, or may also be implemented by a single entity (for example, a processor (CPU or DSP, etc.), an integrated circuit, etc.). In addition, the various units mentioned above are shown with dotted lines in the drawings to indicate that these units may not actually exist, and the operations/functions they implement may be implemented by the processing circuit itself.

Next, each operation performed by the electronic device 20 as the control device will be explained with reference to the conceptual operation flow 30 of the control device shown in FIG. 3 .

The operation of the control device starts at S302.

In S304, the electronic device 20 as the control device receives interference relationship information indicating interference relationships between multiple access point devices within the spectrum sharing system from the spectrum management device.

According to the present disclosure, the access point device may, for example, report interference relationship determination information to the spectrum management device. For example, the report may be made to the spectrum management device periodically or in response to changes in the interference relationship determination information. The interference relationship determination information may be such that the spectrum management device determines whether there is a potential interference relationship between the access point devices based on it. department information. For example, the interference relationship determination information may include at least one or more of location information, maximum transmit power, antenna radiation pattern, wireless access technology, noise threshold, and spectrum usage requirements.

In response to receiving the interference relationship determination information of each access point device, the spectrum management device may determine whether there is a potential interference relationship between each two access point devices in the plurality of access point devices based on the interference relationship determination information. For example, the access point device may provide its interference acceptance threshold to the spectrum resource relationship information during initial registration. If the interference power of an access point device from another access point device exceeds this threshold, there is an interference relationship between the two access point devices. When determining potential interference relationships, for example, the spectrum management device can estimate the impact of one access point device on another based on the interference relationship determination information reported by the access point device and the channel propagation model information preset in the spectrum management device. Whether the interference generated by an access point device exceeds the interference acceptance threshold. If the interference of one access point device to another access point device between two access point devices exceeds the interference acceptance threshold of the other access point device, or the interference of two access point devices to each other exceeds the interference acceptance threshold of the other access point device, If the interference acceptance threshold is reached, it is determined that there is an interference relationship between the two access point devices.

The spectrum sharing system of the present disclosure may include multiple spectrum management devices. In this case, each spectrum management device can determine interference relationships for multiple access point devices it manages, and multiple spectrum management devices can interact with each other to generate a global interference relationship for the entire spectrum sharing system. information. The interference relationship information received by the electronic device 20 as the control device at S304 may be global interference relationship information.

Next, in S306, the electronic device 20 as the control device may divide each access point device in the spectrum sharing system into multiple slices based on the received interference relationship information. According to the present disclosure, at least partially blockchain-based spectrum trading among multiple access point devices occurs within a single shard. For example, each shard only maintains a local ledger specific to the access point devices within that shard.

Operational details related to sharding according to the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIGS. 4-6.

The conceptual operation flow 30 of the electronic device 20 as the control device ends at S308.

The operating steps in Figure 3 are only illustrative. In practice, the operation of the control device may also include additional or alternative steps not shown in the figures. For example, the control device can also notify each access point device of the fragmentation results after fragmentation. In addition, in the case where there are multiple control devices in the spectrum sharing system, the operations in FIG. 3 may be performed by one of the multiple control devices for the entire spectrum sharing system, and the above conceptual operation process 30 may also include The operation of providing global fragmentation results for all access point devices of the entire spectrum sharing system to other control devices.

Below, the sharding scheme according to the present disclosure will be explained in detail.

According to the present disclosure, interference overlap maps between respective access point devices may be determined based on interference relationship information. example For example, an interference overlap map can indicate the global interference relationship between various access point devices in a spectrum sharing system. For example, an interference overlap graph can be generated as follows: each access point device among multiple access point devices in a spectrum sharing system is treated as a vertex. If there is an interference relationship between two access point devices, then There is an edge between the two vertices corresponding to the two access point devices. Interference overlap maps can be generated by spectrum management equipment. The spectrum management device may directly send the information indicating the interference overlap map as interference relationship information to the control device. Alternatively, the interference overlap map can also be generated by the control device. For example, the control device may generate an interference overlap map based on interference relationship information received from the spectrum management device. It should be noted that the interference overlap graph can be represented according to any appropriate data structure and is not strictly limited to the form of "graph".

According to the present disclosure, the basic idea of sharding multiple access point devices is to select access point devices that have interference relationships with as many other access point devices as key nodes as much as possible, and use each key node as a shard. Based on the basic node, other access point devices are gradually divided into each shard according to the closeness of the interference relationship.

Figure 4 shows a basic process 40 for sharding multiple access point devices. The process starts at S402.

In S404, first, at least two access point devices among the access point devices in the spectrum sharing system are determined as key nodes based on the number of edges of each vertex in the interference overlap graph. The determined key nodes constitute the base nodes of each shard. In other words, each shard only includes one key node and different key nodes are included in different shards.

FIG. 5 shows an operation flow 50 for determining critical nodes. This process should start at S502.

In S504, the control device sorts all vertices in the interference overlap graph according to the number of edges each has to generate a vertex list. That is, the control device may sort each access point device according to the number of other access point devices with which each access point device has an interference relationship.

Subsequently, the control device may iteratively perform the operations of S506 and S508 until the iteration stop condition is met.

Specifically, in S506, the control device determines the vertex with the most edges between it and other vertices as a key node. Subsequently, at S508, the control device removes the determined vertex from the vertex list generated at S504, and removes other vertices having edges with the vertex. At S510, the control device determines whether the iteration stop condition has been met. If the iteration stop condition is not met, the control device performs the operations in S506-S508 again to reselect new key nodes from the remaining vertices after some vertices were eliminated in the previous round. If the iteration stop condition has been met, the iteration is stopped, and the operation process of selecting key nodes is ended at S512.

According to the present disclosure, the iteration stop condition may be determined based on whether the remaining access point devices other than the key nodes can be clustered into different shards according to the closeness of the interference relationship. For example, the iteration stop condition could be The number of edges of the latest key node determined (that is, the key node most recently determined in S506) is lower than the median number of edges of each vertex in the interference overlap graph. In the case where the newly determined key node has a lower number of edges than the median, the number of edges of the remaining vertices other than each of the identified key nodes has been averaged. Therefore, it is difficult to continue to select a new key node and use the new key node as a basis to construct a new slice including multiple access point devices that have a close interference relationship. Even if new shards are built, such shards are less effective in reducing cross-shard broadcast overhead.

Continuing to refer to Figure 4, after multiple key nodes are determined from each access point device, in S406, the control device may configure each access point device other than the key node (hereinafter referred to as a common access point device or a common apex device). ) to the corresponding shards. Figure 6 shows a detailed operational flow 60 of this process. The process 60 begins at S602.

In order to divide each common access point device into slices composed of each key node, at S604, the control device can determine the characteristics of each common access point device according to the interference relationship between the common access point device and each key node. For example, the control device may classify common access point devices into three types of common access point devices with different characteristics. The first type of common access point device may correspond to a vertex having a first characteristic in the interference overlap graph. The first characteristic can represent that the vertex has an edge with only one key node in the interference overlap graph. A second type of common access point device may correspond to a vertex in the interference overlap graph having a second characteristic. The second characteristic may represent that there are edges between the vertex and multiple key nodes in the interference overlap graph. A third type of common access point device may correspond to a vertex having a third characteristic in the interference overlap graph. The third characteristic can represent that the vertex does not have an edge with any critical node in the interference overlap graph.

In S606, the control device may classify common access point devices with the first characteristic into corresponding slices. For example, the control device may divide the access point device corresponding to each vertex having the first characteristic into the shard where the corresponding key node having an edge therewith is located.

In S608, the control device may classify common access point devices with the second characteristic into corresponding slices. For example, the control device may separately calculate, for each fragment, each vertex with the second characteristic and all vertices within the fragment (that is, including key nodes of the fragment and ordinary vertices that have been divided into the fragment, For example, the total number of edges between common vertices) divided into the fragment at S606, and the access point device corresponding to each vertex with the second characteristic is divided into the calculated total number of maximum Fragmentation.

In S610, the control device may classify common access point devices with the third characteristic into corresponding slices. For example, the control device may separately calculate, for each fragment, each vertex with the third characteristic and all vertices within the fragment (ie, including ordinary vertices that have been divided into the fragment, for example, divided into normal vertices of the fragment) The total number of edges between them, and the access point device corresponding to each vertex with the third characteristic is divided into the shard with the largest calculated total number.

As the common access point devices with the first characteristic, the second characteristic and the third characteristic are divided into corresponding slices in sequence, the operation process ends at S612. Correspondingly, the operation flow of Figure 4 ends at S408.

The process shown in FIG. 6 is only schematic, and the control device does not necessarily perform each operation strictly in the order shown in the process. For example, the step of determining characteristics of each common access point device at S604 may be performed in parallel with S606-S610. For example, the control device can determine the characteristics of each common access point device in turn, and once it is determined that a common access point device has the first characteristic, it can immediately divide the common access point into corresponding key nodes with edges. The shard it is located in.

The operation of the control device of the spectrum sharing system according to the present disclosure for dividing each access point device into each slice has been explained with reference to FIGS. 4-6 . According to the present disclosure, access point devices with close interference relationships may be clustered into the same shard. According to this slicing method, advantageously, when spectrum trading is performed within a shard, one or more access point devices that have an interference relationship with the access point device that initiates the intra-shard spectrum transaction are likely to be divided into The same shard, so spectrum transactions within at least some shards may not require interference verification across shards. Therefore, interference verification can be limited as much as possible to a single blockchain for a single shard, thus avoiding a large number of cross-shard interference verifications, which can improve spectrum transaction processing efficiency.

In practice, interference relationships between access point devices are not constant. Therefore, in order to maintain spectrum transaction processing efficiency, consider updating shards at appropriate times. The update of sharding will be explained below with reference to the information exchange between the access point device, the spectrum management device and the control device shown in FIG. 7 .

For example, when an event that affects the interference relationship occurs, the control device can update the fragmentation plan when the change in the interference relationship reaches a certain extent. For example, an event that affects the interference relationship may be a change in one or more parameters related to the interference relationship, including but not limited to the location of the access point device, maximum transmit power, antenna radiation pattern, wireless access technology, and Noise threshold.

As shown in Figure 7, when an event affecting the interference relationship occurs at the access point device, the access point device can notify the spectrum management device of information related to the interference relationship. For example, the access point device may send changed values of one or more parameters related to interference relationships to the spectrum management device. In response to receiving the information related to the interference relationship, the spectrum management device may update the interference relationship information and send the updated interference relationship information to the control device.

In response to receiving the updated interference relationship information, the control device may compare the updated interference overlap map indicated by the updated interference relationship information with the interference overlap map on which the current slice is based, and determine the changed edge occupancy. The ratio of the total number of sides. When the control device determines that the change ratio of the edge exceeds the threshold, the control device can re-analyze the Slices, that is, re-determine each key node according to the operation explained with reference to Figure 4-6, and divide the remaining nodes into the shards where each new key node is located. For example, the control device can determine the appropriate above-mentioned threshold based on actual network parameters of the spectrum sharing system.

Advantageously, by introducing updates to shards when the interference relationship in the spectrum sharing system changes beyond a certain level, an increase in cross-shard interference verification can be prevented, thereby maintaining spectrum transaction processing efficiency.

The operation of the control device of the spectrum sharing system according to the present disclosure has been explained in detail with reference to FIGS. 3-7 , particularly the operation for dividing each access point device into respective shards. In practice, the operation of the control device may also include additional or alternative steps not shown in the figures. For example, in addition to operations related to sharding, the control device can also play the role of an intermediary in spectrum transactions and perform some operations related to such intermediation. For example, the control device may receive spectrum transaction data from each key node periodically or after a certain number of spectrum transactions have occurred, and then aggregate information related to spectrum resources held by each access point device in each shard. For example, spectrum transaction data received from each key node may be a local ledger of the shard in which the key node is located, and only relate to spectrum transactions for access point devices within that shard. For another example, the control device may also receive spectrum demand information from a key node for a transaction initiator access point device for a cross-shard spectrum transaction, and broadcast the spectrum demand information to each access point device that can meet the spectrum demand information. , thereby helping the access point device find the appropriate counterparty based on the aggregate information held by the control device.

The slicing scheme for each access point device of the spectrum sharing system according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. After the sharding is completed, each access point device can conduct spectrum transactions with other access point devices in the shard in which it is located, and each access point device can also trade with access points in other shards. Devices conduct spectrum transactions across shards. In addition, when sharding changes, access point devices can also transfer their spectrum assets from one shard to another. Next, the configuration and operation of the access point device according to the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 8-14.

Preferably, the access point device according to the present disclosure can perform intra-slice/inter-slice spectrum transactions, spectrum asset transfer, etc. based on the results of sharding as explained above. However, it should be understood that this preferred embodiment is not limiting. The access point device according to the present disclosure is not divided into corresponding slices according to the above-described sharding scheme in order to perform the segmentation and segmentation described in detail below. Intra-chip/inter-slice spectrum trading and spectrum asset transfer and other related operations. In fact, according to the present disclosure, the access point devices can be divided into corresponding slices in other ways, so that the access point devices divided into the slices can also perform operations according to the present disclosure. Even access point devices may not be sharded. In this case, all access point devices may be considered to be on the same shard, and such access point devices may also perform inter-sharding operations according to the present disclosure. Spectrum trading and other related operations.

According to the present disclosure, one access point device among multiple access point devices in the same slice can be made to serve as a leader access point device (hereinafter may be referred to as the leader for short). Hereinafter, non-leader access point devices may be referred to as member access point devices (hereinafter may be simply referred to as members). According to the present disclosure, a leader access point device may mediate operations of member access point devices related to spectrum transactions, spectrum asset transfers, etc. Extract and convey useful information to other access point devices, and act as a leader to record spectrum transaction/asset transfer information on the blockchain based on consensus protocols, etc.).

According to the present disclosure, the leader may be the key node determined above when dividing multiple access point devices. Alternatively, the leader may also be an access point device different from the key node, for example, a leader node selected from various nodes (ie, access point devices) of the blockchain based on the rules specified in the consensus protocol.

A conceptual configuration/operation process of a leader access point device and a conceptual configuration/operation process of a member access point device for a spectrum sharing system according to embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below respectively. For example, a spectrum sharing system may include multiple access point devices that are divided into multiple shards and each shard maintains block-based information only for the access point devices within that shard. In the spectrum transaction of the chain, the leader access point device is one access point device among the plurality of access point devices and is divided into the first shard among the plurality of shards.

First, a conceptual configuration of a leader access point device for a spectrum sharing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be explained with reference to FIG. 8 .

As shown in FIG. 8 , electronic device 80 may include processing circuitry 802 . The processing circuit 802 may be configured to receive a spectrum transaction request from a second access point device (eg, a certain member access point device) of the shard (eg, the first shard) in which the electronic device 80 is located; for The spectrum transaction is subject to interference review; and in response to passing the interference review, transaction confirmation based on the consensus protocol is performed so that the spectrum transaction is recorded on the blockchain for the first shard, wherein the interference review includes the following aspects: The spectrum management equipment of the spectrum sharing system (for example, under the CBRS system, it can be a SAS) initiates an inquiry to verify whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to high-priority users; and based on the consensus protocol, the first shard is Each access point device (eg, including the electronic device 80 itself acting as the leader and the member access point device requesting the transaction) verifies whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to itself.

The processing circuit 802 may be in the form of a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processing circuit, such as an ASIC. For example, processing circuitry 802 can be constructed from circuitry (hardware) or a central processing device such as a central processing unit (CPU). In addition, the processing circuit 802 may carry a program (software) for operating the circuit (hardware) or central processing device. The program can be stored in a memory (such as arranged in the memory 804) or an external storage medium connected from the outside, and downloaded via a network (such as the Internet).

In one implementation, processing circuitry 802 may include communication with other devices (e.g., spectrum management devices, access points A communication control unit that communicates (optionally via the communication unit 806) with other devices as well as control devices of the spectrum sharing network described above, etc.). The communication control unit may control receiving a spectrum transaction request from a second access point device (eg, a certain member access point device) in the slice (eg, the first slice) where the electronic device 80 is located. Optionally, the communication control unit can also control communication with other devices. For example, in the case of inter-shard spectrum trading, control the exchange of information with the leader of the shard where the counterparty is located regarding transaction intentions, interference review results, etc. As another example, in the case of a spectrum asset transfer, control communicates with each access point device of the certification committee and with the leader access point of the shard to which it is transferred.

In one implementation, processing circuit 202 may also include an interference audit control unit. The audit control unit may, for example, initiate an inquiry to the spectrum management device of the spectrum sharing system to verify whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to high-priority users; and based on the consensus protocol, each node on the slice where the electronic device 80 is located Each access point device verifies whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to itself. Specific operations related to interference review are explained below.

In one implementation, processing circuitry 802 may also include a blockchain processing unit. The blockchain processing unit may, for example, control operations related to the blockchain. For example, initiating a transaction request on the blockchain, producing a block that includes at least one spectrum transaction data, confirming the block based on the consensus protocol adopted by the blockchain to record the spectrum transaction on the blockchain, etc.

Optionally, the electronic device 80 may also include a memory 804 and a communication unit 806 shown in dotted lines in the figure. In addition, the electronic device 80 may also include other components not shown, such as radio frequency links, baseband processing units, network interfaces, processors, controllers, and the like. Processing circuitry 802 may be associated with memory 804 and/or communications unit 806 . For example, the processing circuit 802 may be connected to the memory 804 directly or indirectly (for example, other components may be connected in between) to access data. For further example, the processing circuit 802 may be connected directly or indirectly to the communication unit 806 to send radio signals via the communication unit 806 and to receive radio signals via the communication unit 806 .

Memory 804 may store information received from other devices (e.g., spectrum transaction requests and/or spectrum demand information received from a member access point device, and transaction intentions received from a leader access point device of another shard information and/or interference audit result information and/or spectrum asset certification information, etc.), various information generated by the processing circuit 802 (for example, spectrum transaction data and the like), programs and data used for the operation of the electronic device 80, will be communicated by Data sent by unit 806, etc. Memory 804 is drawn with a dashed line as it may also be located within processing circuitry 802 or external to electronic device 80 . Memory 804 may be volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. For example, memory 804 may include, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read only memory (ROM), and flash memory.

The communication unit 806 may be configured to communicate with the terminal under the control of the processing circuit 802 (eg, communication control unit) devices communicate. In one example, the communication unit 806 may be implemented as a transmitter or transceiver, including communication components such as an antenna array and/or a radio frequency link.

Although the processing circuit 802 is shown separate from the communication unit 806 in FIG. 8 , the processing circuit 802 may also be implemented to include the communication unit 806 , for example, in combination with a communication control unit. Additionally, the processing circuit 802 may also be implemented to include one or more other components in the electronic device 80, or the processing circuit 802 may be implemented as the electronic device 80 itself. In actual implementation, the processing circuit 802 may be implemented as a chip (such as an integrated circuit module including a single wafer), a hardware component, or a complete product.

Next, each operation performed by the electronic device 80 as the leader will be described in detail with reference to the conceptual operation flow 90 of the electronic device 80 shown in FIG. 9 .

The conceptual operation flow of the electronic device 80 as the leader starts at S902.

At S904, the electronic device 80 receives a spectrum transaction request from a member access point device within the shard in which it is located. According to the present disclosure, the counterparty to the spectrum transaction involved in the request may be an access point device in the shard where the electronic device 80 is located (ie, the shard where the transaction initiator is located), or it may be an access point device in another shard. Entry point device. That is to say, the request can be a request for spectrum trading within a shard or for spectrum trading between shards.

At S906, the electronic device 80 may perform interference review on the requested spectrum transaction. The audit may include initiating an inquiry to the spectrum management equipment of the spectrum sharing system to verify whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to high-priority users; and based on the consensus protocol, each access on the slice where the electronic device 80 is located The peer device verifies whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to itself.

In the case where the interference review is passed, that is, there is no interference to high-priority users and the requested spectrum transaction will not cause any more than a certain threshold number of access point devices in the slice where the electronic device 80 is located. Interference, at S908, the electronic device 80 performs transaction confirmation based on the consensus protocol, so as to record the spectrum transaction on the blockchain for the shard where the electronic device 80 is located.

The conceptual operation flow of the electronic device 80 as the leader ends at S910.

The operating steps in Figure 9 are only illustrative. In practice, the operation of the electronic device 80 as the leader may also include some additional or alternative steps not shown in the figure. For example, before receiving a spectrum trading request, do The electronic device 80 that is the leader may also receive information indicating spectrum requirements from the member access point devices in the slice where it is located, and send to the member access point device information about the spectrum requirements that can be met in the slice where the electronic device 80 is located. Information about one or more access point devices that meet the spectrum requirements, thereby assisting the member access point device to determine whether there is an access point device in the fragment that can provide access points that meet its needs, and to determine potential partners with whom it can conduct spectrum transactions. counterparty. For example, this information may at least indicate the spectrum occupancy and geographical location of one or more access point devices that meet the spectrum requirements. In addition, in particular, the electronic device 80 itself may also be the initiator of the spectrum transaction. In this case, the operation at S904 may not be performed, but the interference review and transaction confirmation process may be directly initiated by the electronic device 80 .

The conceptual configuration/operation of a leader access point device for a spectrum sharing system according to embodiments of the present disclosure has been explained with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9 . The conceptual configuration/operation of a member access point device for a spectrum sharing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11 .

As shown in FIG. 10 , the electronic device 100 as a member may have a similar configuration as the electronic device 80 as the leader. For example, the electronic device 100 may similarly include a processing circuit 1002 and optionally a memory 1004 and a communication unit 1006 shown in dashed lines.

In one implementation, processing circuitry 1002 includes a communication control unit that communicates (optionally via communication unit 1006) with other devices (eg, a leader access point device, a control device of a spectrum sharing network described above, etc.). The communication control unit may control sending a spectrum transaction request to a first access point device (eg, a leader access point device) in a shard (eg, a first shard) where the electronic device 100 is located. Optionally, when a shard is updated, the communication control unit may also control to send a leader of the shard where the electronic device 100 is located before the shard update to the leader of the shard to which it belongs after the shard update. the request of the person.

Similar to electronic device 80, in one implementation, processing circuitry 1002 may also include a blockchain processing unit. The blockchain processing unit may, for example, control operations related to the blockchain. For example, the process of initiating a transaction request on the blockchain, producing a block that includes at least one spectrum transaction data, and participating in the confirmation of the block based on the consensus protocol adopted by the blockchain to record the spectrum transaction on the blockchain, etc.

Other units and configurations of the electronic device 100 are similar to the electronic device 80 and will not be described again here.

It should be noted that FIG. 8 and FIG. 10 are merely conceptual configuration diagrams. In practice, the electronic device serving as the leader and the electronic device serving as the member may have the same configuration (for example, both adopt the configuration of Figure 8), and the identities of the leader and the member may also be converted.

Next, each operation performed by the electronic device 100 as a member will be described in detail with reference to the conceptual operation flow 110 of the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 11 .

The conceptual operation flow of the electronic device 100 as a member starts at S1102.

In S1104, the electronic device 100 sends a spectrum transaction request to the leader access point device of the slice where it is located. As explained above, the request may be a request for intra-shard spectrum trading or a request for inter-shard spectrum trading.

At S1106, the electronic device 100 may participate in transaction confirmation based on the consensus protocol, so as to record the spectrum transaction on the blockchain for the shard where the electronic device 100 is located. For example, when the leader node of the shard initiates a request to add the block containing the spectrum transaction to the blockchain, the electronic device 100 can act as a node on the blockchain to give consent based on the consensus protocol or A response that disagrees with adding this block.

The conceptual operation flow of the electronic device 100 as the leader ends at S1108.

The operating steps in Figure 11 are only illustrative. In practice, the operation of the electronic device as a member may also include some additional or alternative steps not shown in the figures. For example, before sending a spectrum trading request, the electronic device 100 that is a member may also determine which access point devices may become potential trading counterparties. For example, the electronic device 100 can consult the ledger corresponding to the shard in which it is located to determine which access point devices on the shard have spectrum resources that meet its needs. For another example, the electronic device 100 may also send information indicating its own spectrum requirements to the leader of the slice in which it is located, and accept one or more interfaces in the slice that can meet the spectrum requirements of the electronic device 100 from the leader. Information about the entry point device.

Conceptual configuration/operation of leader and member access point devices for a spectrum sharing system according to embodiments of the present disclosure has been described with reference to FIGS. 8-11 . The disclosed solution will be described in detail below for some exemplary scenarios in conjunction with Figures 12-14.

Figure 12 schematically illustrates information interaction for spectrum trading within a shard according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

First, the member who is the initiator of the transaction can determine which access point device to trade spectrum with. Members who are the initiators of the transaction can determine which access point devices in the shard can meet their spectrum needs, for example, by consulting the ledger of the blockchain corresponding to the shard they are in. Alternatively, members who are transaction initiators can also send information indicating their spectrum needs to the leader of their own group. In response, the leader may return information to the member about one or more access point devices that can meet the spectrum needs. For example, this information may at least indicate the spectrum occupancy and geographic location of one or more access point devices. After identifying one or more potential counterparty access point devices, the member who is the transaction initiator can combine various conditions (for example, the frequency band that can be provided, the time period when the frequency band is available, the geographical location of the transaction parties and/or Business factors including price, etc.) determine an access point device as the object of spectrum trading. For intra-chip transactions, the transaction object can be a member access point device or a leader access point device.

Next, the member who is the transaction initiator can send a spectrum transaction request to the leader. The request may include, for example, at least information indicating the identity of the transaction parties and information indicating the spectrum resources to be traded.

In response to receiving such a spectrum transaction request, the leader may initiate an interference review for the transaction.

First, the leader can review whether the transaction will cause disruption to high-priority users. For example, the leader can initiate an inquiry to the spectrum management equipment of the spectrum sharing system to verify whether such interference exists. For example, in the case of the CBRS system, the CBSD, as the leader, could initiate an inquiry to the SAS to verify whether the spectrum deal would result in the need for Tier 1 services (such as U.S. Navy radar and fixed satellite earth stations) and priority access licenses ( Interference from Priority Access License (PAL) users.

Subsequently, if it is determined that there is no interference to high-priority users based on the interference audit results for high-priority users fed back by the spectrum management device, the leader can conduct an interference audit for each access point device in the slice. This interference audit can be performed based on the consensus protocol of the blockchain corresponding to the shard (for example, the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) protocol). For example, the leader can query each access point device within the shard for a transaction application (for example, this can be a request to add a block containing the spectrum transaction to the blockchain). In response to receiving the inquiry, each access point device within the shard (e.g., including the leader itself and the member access point device serving as the transaction initiator) may provide feedback indicating whether it agrees or disagrees (e.g., whether it agrees to add response of this block). For example, depending on the consensus protocol used, this response could be in the form of a vote. Each access point device may determine whether there is an interference relationship with the transaction initiating access point device and, if an interference relationship exists, further based on the details of the spectrum transaction (e.g., frequency band, transmit power, and/or period of use of the frequency band). etc.) to determine whether the spectrum transaction will cause potential interference to its own business. For example, if the access point device determines that it will not cause potential interference to itself, the access point device can feedback to the leader that it agrees to perform the transaction; otherwise, it can feedback that it does not agree to perform the transaction.

Next, the leader can perform transaction confirmation based on the feedback results collected from various access point devices. For example, based on the adopted consensus protocol, the leader can, upon receiving consensus feedback exceeding a threshold number (e.g., 2/3 of the number of access point devices within the shard in the case of the PBFT protocol), A commit message for the block containing the transaction is published on the blockchain, thereby recording the spectrum transaction on the blockchain for that shard.

It should be noted that any suitable consensus protocol can be used, as long as the consensus protocol allows each access point device to provide support/disagreement based on potential interference for the spectrum transaction to be performed.

As explained above, when conducting spectrum transactions, in addition to the access point equipment within the shard needing to agree to the spectrum transaction, if there is an interference relationship with the access point equipment of the transaction initiator in other shards or If there are multiple access point devices, then this one or more access point devices also need to perform interference verification. In this case, the leader may notify (e.g., directly or via the spectrum sharing network) relevant information about the spectrum transaction to be conducted (e.g., the frequency band of the transaction, the time to occupy the frequency band and/or the transmission power, etc.) Control equipment or spectrum management equipment forwarding) to this one or more access point devices. In this case, for example, the leader may confirm the transaction after receiving consent information from more than a predetermined number of access point devices among the one or more access point devices. Alternatively, the leader may also confirm the transaction first, and withdraw the spectrum transaction after receiving rejection information from more than a predetermined number of access point devices among the one or more access point devices.

With the intra-shard spectrum trading scheme shown in Figure 12, spectrum trading can be carried out conveniently with the help of the intermediary of the leader. Advantageously, intra-slice spectrum trading as shown in FIG. 12 can be performed on the basis of dividing multiple access point devices into corresponding slices using the sharding scheme according to the present disclosure. In this way, since one or more access point devices that have an interference relationship with the transaction initiator access point device are likely to be divided into the same shard, a large number of cross-shard interference verifications can be avoided, thereby improving spectrum transaction processing. efficiency.

Figure 13 schematically illustrates information interaction for spectrum trading between access point devices belonging to different shards according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this scenario, assume that the transaction is between a member access point device in the first shard (i.e., initiator member _{shard 1} in Figure 13) and a second shard that is different from the first shard. between another member access point device (ie, counterparty member _{shard 2} in Figure 13).

First, the transaction initiator members of the first shard send information indicating their spectrum needs to the leader of the first shard in order to find potential counterparty access point devices that can meet the spectrum needs. In fact, before the initiating member sends the spectrum seeking information to the leader, the initiating member can confirm that the information in the first shard is obtained by consulting the ledger of the blockchain corresponding to the first shard or interacting with the leader. No access point device exists that can meet its spectrum needs, and therefore a cross-shard spectrum transaction is determined to be required.

After receiving the spectrum demand information from the transaction initiator member, the leader of the first shard may forward the spectrum demand information to the control device of the spectrum sharing network (eg, the control device explained above). The control device may then broadcast the spectrum requirement to access point devices of the spectrum sharing network. For example, the control device may broadcast the spectrum requirement to all access point devices. Alternatively, the control device may also broadcast the spectrum requirements to multiple access point devices that may be able to meet the spectrum requirements of the initiating party members based on transaction data previously received from each leader (eg, ledger of each shard). In response to receiving the spectrum demand broadcast by the control device, each potential counterparty access point device may reply to the control device whether it is interested in conducting a spectrum transaction. The control device can then provide each access point device that intends to conduct spectrum transactions and its related information (for example, spectrum occupancy, geographical location, etc.) to the transaction initiator members. For example, the control device may directly send information about candidate counterparty access point devices to the initiator members, or may forward such information through the leader of the first shard.

It should be noted that according to the present disclosure, there may be multiple control devices in the spectrum sharing network. In this case, the leader of the first shard can communicate with the control device that interfaces with it to forward spectrum requirements. The control device that receives the spectrum demand can broadcast spectrum demand information through interfaces with other control devices and determine one or more candidate counterparties.

After receiving the information of the candidate access point devices of the transaction counterparty, the operator of the initiator member may conduct business communication with each operator of each candidate access point device to determine the counterpart access point device to be used for spectrum trading. As shown in Figure 13, for example, the initiator member may determine to conduct a spectrum transaction with the counterparty member of the second shard. After the two parties reach a transaction intention confirmation, the initiating member can submit a transaction request to the leader of the first shard, and the counterparty member can submit a transaction request to the leader of the second shard.

Subsequently, the leader of the first shard can interact with the leader of the second shard to confirm the transaction intention, that is, to confirm whether the transaction requests made on the two shards involve the same initiator, the same counterparty, The same frequency band to be traded and other parameters relevant to the trade (such as transmit power and/or spectrum usage period).

After confirming that both parties have the same transaction intention based on interaction, the leaders of the two shards can each conduct an interference review similar to the one explained with reference to Figure 13, that is, on the one hand, review whether the transaction will cause interference to high-priority users. , and on the other hand, review whether the transaction will cause interference to more than a predetermined number of access point devices within the respective shards (for example, based on the consensus protocol as explained above).

After both parties obtain the results of the interference review, the leader of the first shard can interact with the leader of the second shard again to confirm whether the transaction has passed the interference review on both the first and second shards.

In the case where the interference review on both shards passes (i.e., there is no interference to high-priority users and there is no interference to more than a predetermined number of access point devices), the leader of the first shard communicates with the second shard. The leaders of the shards can each perform consensus protocol-based transaction confirmation on the first shard and the second shard, so that the spectrum transaction is recorded in the blockchain for the first shard and the zone for the second shard respectively. on the blockchain. The specific operation of transaction confirmation is similar to the operation explained with reference to Figure 12.

Similar to what was explained with reference to Figure 12, when conducting a spectrum transaction, in addition to the access point devices within the first and second shards needing to agree to perform the spectrum transaction, if there is an agreement with the transaction initiator in other shards If the access point device has an interference relationship with one or more access point devices, then this one or more access point devices also need to undergo interference verification. In this case, the leader of the first shard may notify the one or more access point devices of information related to the spectrum transaction to be conducted, and after receiving the information from the one or more access point devices The transaction is confirmed after obtaining the consent information of more than a predetermined number of access point devices. Alternatively, the transaction confirmation may also be performed first, and after the leader of the first shard receives rejection information from more than a predetermined number of access point devices among the one or more access point devices, the leader of the first shard The user interacts with the leader of the second shard to withdraw the spectrum transaction.

With the inter-shard spectrum trading scheme shown in Figure 13, it can be easily carried out with the help of the intermediary of the leader Spectrum trading. Advantageously, inter-slice spectrum trading as shown in Figure 13 can be performed on the basis of dividing multiple access point devices into corresponding slices using the sharding scheme according to the present disclosure. In this way, since one or more access point devices that have an interference relationship with the transaction initiator's access point device are likely to be divided into the same shard, a large number of cross-shard interference verifications can be avoided, thereby improving the efficiency of spectrum transaction processing. .

Although the transaction initiator and/or the transaction counterparty are exemplified as member access point devices in FIGS. 12 and 13 , the transaction initiator and/or the transaction counterparty may also be leader access point devices. In this case, the transaction process is similar to the process explained with reference to Figures 12 and 13, except that some information interactions between members and leaders are omitted.

As explained above, according to the present disclosure, when an event affecting the interference relationship occurs, the control device can update the fragmentation scheme when the change in the interference relationship caused by such event reaches a certain extent. When shards are updated, it may result in one or more access point devices needing to move from one shard to another. In other words, when a shard is updated, the spectrum assets and related information recorded by one or more access point devices on the blockchain corresponding to one shard may need to be transferred to another corresponding to another shard. on the blockchain.

Figure 14 schematically illustrates information interaction to transfer an access point device from one shard to another shard according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this scenario, it is assumed that a certain member access point device in the first shard (ie, member _{shard 1} in FIG. 14 ) needs to be transferred to a third shard that is different from the first shard.

First, members who need to perform shard transfer can transfer to the leader of the original shard (that is, the first shard) to which they belong (as mentioned above, it can be the key node of the first shard or it can be different from the key node. Another access point device) sends a fragment transfer request requesting a transfer to a third fragment different from the first fragment. For example, after the control device continues to update the fragments, it can notify the access point devices whose fragments have changed of the change, or re-notify all access point devices of the new fragmentation results, so that each access point can The point device knows if it needs to move to another shard.

In response to receiving the shard transfer request, the leader of the first shard may generate attestation information indicating spectrum resources owned by the member. For example, this certification information may include the frequency band and related parameters owned by the member and/or historical spectrum transaction records, etc. For example, such proof information may be generated based on the ledger of the blockchain corresponding to the first shard.

This attestation information is then signed by an authentication committee composed of more than half of the access point devices in the first shard. Such signatures can be implemented, for example, with the aid of any suitable group signature algorithm. The individual access point devices of the authentication committee may, for example, be randomly selected. Alternatively, half of the first shards with higher activity (for example, more frequency of spectrum transactions) may be selected in order from high to low transaction activity in the predetermined time period before the shard transfer request. The above access point device acts as an authentication board. For example, the leader of the first shard or the key node of the first shard (in the case where the leader is different from the key node) may select the authentication committee based on transaction activity. have Advantageously, multiple access point devices with high activity are selected to serve as the authentication committee, which can speed up the processing of shard transfer requests.

The leader of the first shard can then send the attestation message, signed by the attestation committee, to the leader of the third shard to which the member wishes to transfer. The leader of the third shard can verify the attestation information by verifying the signature of the attestation committee and feed back the verification results to the leader of the first shard.

In response to the verification passing, the leader of the first shard may record the member's spectrum resources on the blockchain corresponding to the first shard from the blockchain corresponding to the first shard to the third shard. The transfer of the corresponding blockchain. At the same time, the leader of the third shard can record the member's spectrum resources on the blockchain corresponding to the third shard from the blockchain corresponding to the first shard to the blockchain corresponding to the third shard. transfer.

Through the operations explained with reference to Figure 14, after updating the shards, the ledgers of each shard can be synchronized.

The solutions of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the solution of the present disclosure, advantageously, multiple access point devices can be divided into multiple shards, each shard forming an independent blockchain. Each blockchain maintains spectrum transactions only for access point devices within the shard corresponding to that blockchain. In other words, each blockchain only maintains spectrum transactions involving access point devices within the shard corresponding to that blockchain. Therefore, multiple spectrum transactions can be processed in parallel on multiple blockchains, thereby increasing the processing speed of transactions and improving the throughput of the entire spectrum sharing system.

In addition, the solution of the present disclosure clusters access point devices with close interference relationships into the same shard, thereby limiting interference verification to each shard as much as possible, thereby limiting cross-shard transaction verification and reducing The broadcast overhead of the system is reduced.

The effects of the solution of the present disclosure will be described below with the help of simulation results.

Simulate with CBRS system. As explained above, the control device according to the present disclosure may be a CxM in the CBRS system, the access point device according to the present disclosure may be a CBSD in the CBRS system, and the spectrum management device according to the present disclosure may be a SAS in the CBRS system . Figure 15 shows a simulation scenario for the scheme of the present disclosure. The simulation scene is set to a rectangular area of 5000m×5000m, and access point devices (non-high-priority users) are evenly distributed in the simulation area. The specific simulation parameters are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Figure 16 shows a graph of system transaction broadcast overhead (eg, number of information broadcasts) as a function of the number of CBSDs present in the system. In this simulation, the number of CBSDs in which transactions occur and the frequency of transactions remain unchanged, the number of shards in the system is fixed, and the number of CBSDs in the system continues to increase. It can be seen that compared with the single-chain architecture, the sharding scheme based on the interference relationship according to the present disclosure has significantly smaller transaction propagation overhead. Compared with the static sharding scheme based on location, the scheme based on interference relationship sharding according to the present disclosure also has about 10% reduction in transaction propagation overhead. This is because the solution based on interference relationship sharding requires less cross-shard transaction verification during the spectrum transaction process, resulting in less cross-shard transaction propagation overhead.

Figure 17 shows a graph of the system transaction broadcast overhead as the average transmit power of CBSD changes in the system. In this simulation, the number of CBSDs in which transactions occur and the frequency of transactions remain unchanged, while the transmission power of CBSDs in the system continues to increase. It can be seen that compared with the single-chain architecture, the overhead of the blockchain sharding scheme based on the interference relationship according to the present disclosure is significantly reduced. Compared with the static sharding transaction scheme based on location sharding, the sharding scheme based on the interference relationship according to the present disclosure can also achieve relatively obvious overhead reduction.

Figure 18 shows a graph of simulation results of system transaction throughput as a function of the number of CBSDs present in the system. In this simulation, it is assumed that the PBFT consensus algorithm is used in each shard, and its time complexity is O(n^2). It can be seen that compared with the static fragmentation scheme based on location, performing spectrum trading on the basis of the fragmentation scheme based on the interference relationship according to the present disclosure can significantly improve the spectrum trading throughput. Therefore, the solution of the present disclosure allows more CBSDs to conduct more spectrum transactions.

Figure 19 shows a graph of the simulation results of the system consensus delay as a function of the number of CBSDs present in the system. In this simulation, it is assumed that the PBFT consensus algorithm is used in each sharding group, and its time complexity is O(n^2). It can be seen that compared with static sharding based on location, spectrum trading based on the sharding scheme based on interference relationships according to the present disclosure can reduce the consensus delay of the system, and therefore, the transaction speed is also faster. This is mainly because by performing spectrum trading on the basis of the interference relationship-based sharding scheme according to the present disclosure, the consensus size is smaller and the broadcast overhead is smaller.

The aspects of the present disclosure have been described through various embodiments. It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely exemplary. The solutions of the present disclosure can also be implemented in other ways and still have the beneficial effects obtained by the above embodiments.

It should be understood that machine-executable instructions in the machine-readable storage medium or program product according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be configured to perform operations corresponding to the above-described apparatus and method embodiments. When referring to the above device and method embodiments At this time, the embodiments of the machine-readable storage medium or program product are obvious to those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be described again. Machine-readable storage media and program products for carrying or including the above-described machine-executable instructions are also within the scope of the present disclosure. Such storage media may include, but are not limited to, floppy disks, optical disks, magneto-optical disks, memory cards, memory sticks, and the like.

In addition, it should be understood that the above series of processes and devices can also be implemented through software and/or firmware. In the case of implementation by software and/or firmware, the program constituting the software is installed from a storage medium or a network to a computer with a dedicated hardware structure, and the computer can perform various functions and the like when various programs are installed.

[Examples regarding control equipment]

FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating an example structure of a server 1300 that can implement a control device according to the present disclosure.

In FIG. 20 , a central processing unit (CPU) 1301 executes various processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 1302 or a program loaded from a storage section 1308 into a random access memory (RAM) 1303 . In the RAM 1303, data required when the CPU 1301 performs various processes and the like is also stored as necessary.

The CPU 1301, ROM 1302 and RAM 1303 are connected to each other via a bus 1304. Input/output interface 1305 is also connected to bus 1304.

The following components are connected to the input/output interface 1305: an input part 1306, including a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output part 1307, including a display, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and a speaker, etc.; a storage part 1308 , including hard disk, etc.; and communication part 1309, including network interface cards such as LAN cards, modems, etc. The communication section 1309 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet.

Driver 1310 is also connected to input/output interface 1305 as needed. Removable media 1311 such as magnetic disks, optical disks, magneto-optical disks, semiconductor memories, etc. are installed on the drive 1310 as necessary, so that computer programs read therefrom are installed into the storage section 1308 as needed.

In the case where the above-described series of processing is realized by software, the program constituting the software is installed from a network such as the Internet or a storage medium such as the removable medium 1311.

Those skilled in the art should understand that this storage medium is not limited to the removable medium 1311 shown in FIG. 20 in which the program is stored and distributed separately from the device to provide the program to the user. Examples of the removable media 1311 include magnetic disks (including floppy disks (registered trademark)), optical disks (including compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM) and digital versatile disks (DVD)), magneto-optical disks (including minidiscs (MD) (registered trademark) )) and semiconductor memory. Alternatively, the storage medium may be a ROM 1302, a hard disk contained in the storage section 1308, or the like, in which programs are stored and distributed to users together with the device containing them.

[Examples about access point devices]

It should be understood that the term access point device in this disclosure has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning and includes at least a wireless communication station, such as a base station, used to facilitate communications as part of a wireless communication system or radio system. Examples of a base station may be, for example but not limited to, the following: the base station may be one or both of a base transceiver station (BTS) and a base station controller (BSC) in the GSM system, and may be a radio network controller in the WCDMA system. One or both of (RNC) and Node B can be eNBs in LTE and LTE-Advanced systems, gNBs, eLTE eNBs appearing in 5G communication systems, etc., or can make corresponding eNBs in future communication systems. network node. Some functions in the base station of the present disclosure can also be implemented as entities with communication control functions in D2D, M2M and V2V communication scenarios, or as entities that play a spectrum coordination role in cognitive radio communication scenarios.

First example

21 is a block diagram illustrating a first example of a schematic configuration of a gNB that can be used as an access point device of the present disclosure. gNB 1400 includes multiple antennas 1410 and base station equipment 1420. The base station device 1420 and each antenna 1410 may be connected to each other via an RF cable. In one implementation, the gNB 1400 (or base station device 1420) here may correspond to the above-mentioned electronic device 80 and/or the electronic device 100.

Antennas 1410 each include a single or multiple antenna elements, such as multiple antenna elements included in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna, and are used by base station device 1420 to transmit and receive wireless signals. As shown in Figure 21, gNB 1400 may include multiple antennas 1410. For example, multiple antennas 1410 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by gNB 1400.

The base station device 1420 includes a controller 1421, a memory 1422, a network interface 1423, and a wireless communication interface 1425.

The controller 1421 may be, for example, a CPU or a DSP, and operates various functions of higher layers of the base station device 1420 . For example, the controller 1421 generates data packets based on the data in the signal processed by the wireless communication interface 1425 and delivers the generated packets via the network interface 1423 . The controller 1421 may bundle data from multiple baseband processors to generate bundled packets, and deliver the generated bundled packets. The controller 1421 may have logical functions to perform controls such as radio resource control, radio bearer control, mobility management, admission control, and scheduling. This control can be performed in conjunction with nearby gNB or core network nodes. The memory 1422 includes RAM and ROM, and stores programs executed by the controller 421 and various types of control data such as terminal lists, transmission power data, and scheduling data.

The network interface 1423 is a communication interface used to connect the base station device 1420 to the core network 1424. Controller 1421 may communicate with core network nodes or additional gNBs via network interface 1423. In this case, the gNB 1400 and the core network node or other gNBs may be connected to each other through logical interfaces such as S1 interface and X2 interface. The network interface 1423 may also be a wired communication interface or a wireless communication interface for a wireless backhaul line. If network interface 1423 is a wireless communication interface, network interface 1923 may use a higher frequency band for wireless communication than the frequency band used by wireless communication interface 1425.

The wireless communication interface 1425 supports any cellular communication scheme, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced, and provides wireless connectivity to terminals located in the cell of the gNB 1400 via the antenna 1410. Wireless communication interface 1425 may generally include, for example, a baseband (BB) processor 1426 and RF circuitry 1427. The BB processor 1426 may perform, for example, encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, and perform layers such as L1, Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol ( Various types of signal processing for PDCP)). Instead of the controller 1421, the BB processor 1426 may have part or all of the above-mentioned logical functions. The BB processor 1426 may be a memory that stores a communication control program, or a module including a processor and related circuitry configured to execute the program. The update program can cause the functionality of the BB processor 1426 to change. The module may be a card or blade that plugs into a slot of the base station device 1420. Alternatively, the module may be a chip mounted on a card or blade. Meanwhile, the RF circuit 1427 may include, for example, a mixer, filter, and amplifier, and transmit and receive wireless signals via the antenna 1410. Although FIG. 14 shows an example in which one RF circuit 1427 is connected to one antenna 1410, the present disclosure is not limited to this illustration, but one RF circuit 1427 can be connected to multiple antennas 1410 at the same time.

As shown in FIG. 21, the wireless communication interface 1425 may include multiple BB processors 1426. For example, multiple BB processors 1426 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by gNB 1400. As shown in Figure 21, wireless communication interface 1425 may include a plurality of RF circuits 1427. For example, multiple RF circuits 1427 may be compatible with multiple antenna elements. Although FIG. 21 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 1425 includes multiple BB processors 1426 and multiple RF circuits 1427, the wireless communication interface 1425 may also include a single BB processor 1426 or a single RF circuit 1427.

Second example

22 is a block diagram illustrating a second example of a schematic configuration of a gNB that may be used as an access point device of the present disclosure. gNB 1530 includes multiple antennas 1540, base station equipment 1550 and RRH 1560. RRH 1560 and each antenna 1540 may be connected to each other via RF cables. The base station equipment 1550 and the RRH 1560 may be connected to each other via high-speed lines such as fiber optic cables. In one implementation, the gNB 1530 (or base station device 1550) here may correspond to the above-mentioned electronic device 80 and/or 100.

Antennas 1540 each include single or multiple antenna elements (such as multiple antenna elements included in a MIMO antenna) and are used by RRH 1560 to transmit and receive wireless signals. As shown in Figure 15, gNB 1530 may include multiple antennas 1540. For example, multiple antennas 1540 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by gNB 1530.

The base station equipment 1550 includes a controller 1551, a memory 1552, a network interface 1553, and a wireless communication interface 1555. and connection interface 1557. The controller 1551, the memory 1552, and the network interface 1553 are the same as the controller 1421, the memory 1422, and the network interface 1423 described with reference to FIG. 21.

The wireless communication interface 1555 supports any cellular communication scheme (such as LTE and LTE-Advanced) and provides wireless communication to terminals located in the sector corresponding to the RRH 1560 via the RRH 1560 and the antenna 1540. The wireless communication interface 1555 may generally include a BB processor 1556, for example. The BB processor 1556 is the same as the BB processor 1426 described with reference to FIG. 14 except that the BB processor 1556 is connected to the RF circuit 1564 of the RRH 1560 via the connection interface 1557. As shown in Figure 15, the wireless communication interface 1555 may include multiple BB processors 1556. For example, multiple BB processors 1556 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by gNB 1530. Although FIG. 22 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 1555 includes multiple BB processors 1556, the wireless communication interface 1555 may also include a single BB processor 1556.

The connection interface 1557 is an interface for connecting the base station device 1550 (wireless communication interface 1555) to the RRH 1560. The connection interface 1557 may also be a communication module used to connect the base station device 1550 (wireless communication interface 1555) to the communication in the above-mentioned high-speed line of the RRH 1560.

RRH 1560 includes a connection interface 1561 and a wireless communication interface 1563.

The connection interface 1561 is an interface for connecting the RRH 1560 (wireless communication interface 1563) to the base station device 1550. The connection interface 1561 may also be a communication module used for communication in the above-mentioned high-speed line.

Wireless communication interface 1563 transmits and receives wireless signals via antenna 1540. Wireless communication interface 1563 may generally include RF circuitry 1564, for example. RF circuitry 1564 may include, for example, mixers, filters, and amplifiers, and transmit and receive wireless signals via antenna 1540 . Although FIG. 22 shows an example in which one RF circuit 1564 is connected to one antenna 1540, the present disclosure is not limited to this illustration, but one RF circuit 1564 can be connected to multiple antennas 1540 at the same time.

As shown in Figure 22, wireless communication interface 1563 may include a plurality of RF circuits 1564. For example, multiple RF circuits 1564 may support multiple antenna elements. Although FIG. 15 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 1563 includes a plurality of RF circuits 1564, the wireless communication interface 1563 may also include a single RF circuit 1564.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present disclosure is of course not limited to the above examples. Various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims, and it should be understood that these changes and modifications will naturally fall within the technical scope of the present disclosure.

For example, a plurality of functions included in one unit in the above embodiments may be implemented by separate devices. Alternatively, multiple functions implemented by multiple units in the above embodiments may be implemented by separate devices respectively. Additionally, one of the above functions may be implemented by multiple units. Needless to say, such a configuration is included in the technical scope of the present disclosure.

In this specification, the steps described in the flowchart include not only processing performed in time series in the stated order but also processing performed in parallel or individually and not necessarily in time series. Furthermore, even in steps processed in time series, it goes without saying that the order can be appropriately changed.

Although the present disclosure and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "comprising," or any other variations thereof of embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements not only includes those elements, but also Includes other elements not expressly listed or that are inherent to the process, method, article or equipment. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprises a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the stated element.

In addition, the present disclosure can also have the following configuration:

(1) An electronic device used in a spectrum sharing system, including:

processing circuit, configured as:

Receive interference relationship information indicating interference relationships between multiple access point devices within the spectrum sharing system from a spectrum management device of the spectrum sharing system; and

Based on the interference relationship information, divide the multiple access point devices into multiple slices,

Wherein, at least part of the blockchain-based spectrum transaction between the plurality of access point devices is performed within a single shard.

(2) The electronic device as described in (1), wherein access point devices with close interference relationships are clustered into the same shard.

(3) The electronic device according to (1) or (2), wherein the interference relationship information indicates an interference overlap map in which each access point in the plurality of access point devices A device is a vertex, and if there is an interference relationship between two access point devices, then there is an edge between the two vertices corresponding to the two access point devices,

Wherein, the processing circuit is further configured to: determine at least two access point devices among the plurality of access point devices as key nodes based on the number of edges of each vertex in the interference overlap graph, each Each shard includes only one key node and different key nodes are included in different shards.

(4) The electronic device according to (3), wherein the processing circuit is further configured to determine a plurality of key nodes by performing the following operations:

Sort all vertices according to the number of edges they have to generate a vertex list;

The following operations are performed iteratively until the iteration stop condition is met:

-Determine the vertex with the most edges to other vertices as a key node,

- Remove the identified vertex from the vertex list and remove other vertices with edges between it and the vertex.

(5) The electronic device as described in (4), wherein the iteration stop condition is that the number of edges of the latest key node determined is lower than the median number of edges of each vertex in the interference overlap graph. number.

(6) The electronic device according to (4), wherein the processing circuit is further configured to divide access point devices other than key nodes among the plurality of access point devices into corresponding of shards:

Determine the characteristics of all vertices except the key node including one of the first characteristic, the second characteristic and the third characteristic, where the first characteristic indicates that the vertex has an edge with only one key node in the interference overlap graph, and the second characteristic It means that the vertices in the interference overlap graph have edges with multiple key nodes. The third characteristic means that the vertices in the interference overlap graph do not have edges with any key nodes;

dividing the access point device corresponding to each vertex having the first characteristic into the shard where the corresponding key node having an edge therewith is located;

For each fragment, calculate the total number of edges between each vertex with the second characteristic and all vertices in the fragment, and divide the access point device corresponding to each vertex with the second characteristic to the largest total number of shards; and

For each fragment, calculate the total number of edges between each vertex with the third characteristic and all vertices in the fragment, and divide the access point device corresponding to each vertex with the third characteristic. to the largest total number of shards.

(7) The electronic device according to (1) or (2), wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:

Receive updated interference relationship information from the spectrum management device; and

Based on the updated interference relationship information, the fragmentation scheme is updated.

(8) The electronic device as described in (3), wherein the processing circuit is further configured to regularly receive spectrum transaction data from each key node, wherein the spectrum transaction data received from each key node only relates to the key node. Spectrum trading for access point devices within the shard in which the node is located.

(9) The electronic device according to (3), wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:

Receive spectrum demand information from the key node for the transaction initiator access point device for cross-shard spectrum transactions;

Broadcast the spectrum requirement information to access point devices that can meet the spectrum requirement.

(10) A method for a spectrum sharing system, including:

(11) An electronic device for a spectrum sharing system, the spectrum sharing system includes a plurality of access point devices, the plurality of access point devices are divided into a plurality of slices and each slice only maintains the Blockchain-based spectrum trading for an access point device within the shard, the electronic device being a first access point device among the plurality of access point devices and being partitioned into the plurality of shards A first slice of the electronic device includes processing circuitry configured to:

receiving a spectrum transaction request from a second access point device within the first shard;

Undertake interference reviews of said spectrum transactions; and

In response to passing said interference review, a consensus protocol-based transaction confirmation is performed to record the spectrum transaction on the blockchain for the first shard,

Among them, interference audit includes the following aspects:

-Initiate an inquiry to the spectrum management equipment of the spectrum sharing system to verify whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to high-priority users; and

- Based on the consensus protocol, each access point device on the first shard verifies whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to itself.

(12) The electronic device as described in (11), wherein the plurality of slices are divided by the control device of the spectrum sharing system according to the method described in (10).

(13) The electronic device as described in (11) or (12), the processing circuit is further configured to:

receiving information indicating spectrum requirements from the second access point device prior to receiving the spectrum transaction request; and

Send to the second access point device information about one or more access point devices in the first slice that can meet the spectrum requirement, the information at least indicating spectrum occupancy of the one or more access point devices situation and location.

(14) The electronic device as described in (11) or (12), the spectrum transaction is performed between the second access point device and the third access point device, and the third access point device is in the Within a second slice of the plurality of slices that is different from the first slice, and the processing circuit is further configured to:

receiving information indicating spectrum requirements from the second access point device prior to receiving the spectrum transaction request, and sending The control device of the spectrum sharing system forwards the spectrum demand information;

Interact with the leader access point device of the second shard; and

In response to determining that the spectrum transaction passed the interference review on both the first shard and the second shard based on the interaction, a transaction confirmation based on the consensus protocol is performed to record the spectrum transaction in the first shard. on the blockchain.

(15) The electronic device according to (11) or (12), wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:

receiving a shard transfer request from a fourth access point device within the first shard requesting a transfer to a third shard that is different from the first shard;

Send certification information indicating spectrum resources owned by the fourth access point device to the leader access point device of the third shard, the certification information being authenticated by more than half of the access point devices in the first shard. A committee signature such that the leader access point device verifies the attestation information based on the signature; and

In response to the verification passing, the transfer of the spectrum resource of the fourth entry point device to the blockchain of the third shard is recorded on the blockchain for the first shard.

(16) The electronic device according to (15), wherein the authentication committee is composed of multiple access point devices with high transaction activity within a predetermined time period before the shard transfer request.

(17) A method for a spectrum sharing system, the spectrum sharing system includes multiple access point devices, the multiple access point devices are divided into multiple slices and each slice only maintains information specific to the Blockchain-based spectrum trading of access point devices within a shard, the method is performed by a first access point device among the plurality of access point devices, and the first access point device is divided into The first fragment among the plurality of fragments, the method includes:

Undertake interference reviews of said spectrum transactions; and

Among them, interference audit includes the following aspects:

(18) An electronic device for a spectrum sharing system, the spectrum sharing system includes multiple access point devices, the multiple access point devices are divided into multiple slices and each slice only maintains Access within this shard Blockchain-based spectrum trading of a point device, where the electronic device is a second access point device among the plurality of access point devices and is divided into a first shard among the plurality of shards, so The electronic device includes a processing circuit configured to: send a spectrum transaction request to a first access point device in the first slice,

Wherein, the spectrum transaction is confirmed based on the consensus protocol after passing the interference review, so that the spectrum transaction is recorded on the blockchain for the first shard,

Among them, interference audit includes the following aspects:

-A review of whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to high-priority users; and

-Whether the spectrum transaction will result in an audit of interference to each access point device on the first shard.

(19) The electronic device as described in (18), wherein the plurality of slices are divided by the control device of the spectrum sharing system according to the method described in (10).

(20) The electronic device as described in (18) or (19), the processing circuit is further configured to:

sending information indicating spectrum requirements to the first access point device prior to sending the spectrum transaction request; and

Receive information from the first access point device regarding one or more access point devices within the first shard that are capable of meeting the spectrum requirements, the information indicating at least spectrum occupancy of the one or more access point devices situation and location.

(21) The electronic device according to (18) or (19), wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:

Send a shard transfer request to a first access point device within the first shard requesting a transfer to a third shard that is different from the first shard, such that the electronic file is recorded on a blockchain for the first shard The transfer of spectrum resources of the device to the third sharded blockchain.

(22) A method for a spectrum sharing system, the spectrum sharing system includes a plurality of access point devices, the spectrum sharing system includes a plurality of access point devices, the plurality of access point devices are divided into Multiple shards and each shard only maintains blockchain-based spectrum transactions for access point devices within the shard, the method being performed by a second access point device in the plurality of access point devices Executed, and the second access point device is divided into a first shard among the plurality of shards, the method includes the first access point device in the first shard sending a spectrum transaction request,

Among them, interference audit includes the following aspects:

(23) A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions, the executable instructions When executed, the method described in any one of (10), (17), and (22) is implemented.

(24) A device including:

processor,

The storage device stores executable instructions that, when executed, implement the method described in any one of (10), (17), and (22).

Claims

An electronic device for use in a spectrum sharing system, consisting of:

processing circuit, configured as:

Receive interference relationship information indicating interference relationships between multiple access point devices within the spectrum sharing system from a spectrum management device of the spectrum sharing system; and

Based on the interference relationship information, divide the multiple access point devices into multiple slices,

Wherein, at least part of the blockchain-based spectrum transaction between the plurality of access point devices is performed within a single shard.
The electronic device of claim 1, wherein access point devices with close interference relationships are clustered into the same shard.
The electronic device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the interference relationship information indicates an interference overlap graph, and in the interference overlap graph, each access point device in the plurality of access point devices is a vertex, And if there is an interference relationship between two access point devices, then there is an edge between the two vertices corresponding to the two access point devices,

Wherein, the processing circuit is further configured to: determine at least two access point devices among the plurality of access point devices as key nodes based on the number of edges of each vertex in the interference overlap graph, each Each shard includes only one key node and different key nodes are included in different shards.
The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to determine a plurality of critical nodes by performing the following operations:

Sort all vertices according to the number of edges they have to generate a vertex list;

The following operations are performed iteratively until the iteration stop condition is met:

-Determine the vertex with the most edges to other vertices as a key node,

- Remove the identified vertex from the vertex list and remove other vertices with edges between it and the vertex.
The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein the iteration stop condition is that the number of edges of the determined latest key node is lower than the median number of edges of each vertex in the interference overlap graph.
The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to divide access point devices other than key nodes among the plurality of access point devices into corresponding slices by performing the following operations: :

Determine the characteristics of all vertices except the key node including one of the first characteristic, the second characteristic and the third characteristic, where the first characteristic indicates that the vertex has an edge with only one key node in the interference overlap graph, and the second characteristic It means that the vertices in the interference overlap graph have edges with multiple key nodes. The third characteristic means that the vertices in the interference overlap graph do not have edges with any key nodes;

dividing the access point device corresponding to each vertex having the first characteristic into the shard where the corresponding key node having an edge therewith is located;

For each fragment, calculate the total number of edges between each vertex with the second characteristic and all vertices in the fragment, and divide the access point device corresponding to each vertex with the second characteristic to the largest total number of shards; and

For each fragment, calculate the total number of edges between each vertex with the third characteristic and all vertices in the fragment, and divide the access point device corresponding to each vertex with the third characteristic. to the largest total number of shards.
The electronic device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:

Receive updated interference relationship information from the spectrum management device; and

Based on the updated interference relationship information, the fragmentation scheme is updated.
The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to regularly receive spectrum transaction data from each key node, wherein the spectrum transaction data received from each key node only relates to the location of the key node. Spectrum trading for access point devices within a shard.
The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:

Receive spectrum demand information from the key node for the transaction initiator access point device for cross-shard spectrum transactions;

Broadcast the spectrum requirement information to access point devices that can meet the spectrum requirement.
A method for a spectrum sharing system, comprising:

Receive interference relationship information indicating interference relationships between multiple access point devices within the spectrum sharing system from a spectrum management device of the spectrum sharing system; and

Based on the interference relationship information, divide the multiple access point devices into multiple slices,

Wherein, at least part of the blockchain-based spectrum transaction between the plurality of access point devices is performed within a single shard.
An electronic device for a spectrum sharing system, the spectrum sharing system includes a plurality of access point devices, the plurality of access point devices are divided into a plurality of slices and each slice only maintains information specific to the slice Blockchain-based spectrum trading for an access point device within the electronic device that is a first access point device among the plurality of access point devices and is divided into a first among the plurality of shards In slices, the electronic device includes processing circuitry configured to:

receiving a spectrum transaction request from a second access point device within the first shard;

Undertake interference reviews of said spectrum transactions; and

In response to passing said interference review, a consensus protocol-based transaction confirmation is performed to record the spectrum transaction on the blockchain for the first shard,

Among them, interference audit includes the following aspects:

-Initiate an inquiry to the spectrum management equipment of the spectrum sharing system to verify whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to high-priority users; and

- Based on the consensus protocol, each access point device on the first shard verifies whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to itself.
The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of slices are divided by the control device of the spectrum sharing system according to the method of claim 10.
The electronic device of claim 11 or 12, the processing circuit is further configured to:

receiving information indicating spectrum requirements from the second access point device prior to receiving the spectrum transaction request; and

Send to the second access point device information about one or more access point devices in the first slice that can meet the spectrum requirement, the information at least indicating spectrum occupancy of the one or more access point devices situation and location.
The electronic device according to claim 11 or 12, the spectrum transaction is performed between a second access point device and a third access point device, and the third access point device is in the plurality of slices. within a second slice that is different from the first slice, and the processing circuit is further configured to:

Receive information indicating spectrum requirements from the second access point device before receiving the spectrum transaction request, and forward the spectrum requirement information to the control device of the spectrum sharing system;

Interact with the leader access point device of the second shard; and

In response to determining that the spectrum transaction passed the interference review on both the first shard and the second shard based on the interaction, a transaction confirmation based on the consensus protocol is performed to record the spectrum transaction in the first shard. on the blockchain.
The electronic device of claim 11 or 12, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:

receiving a shard transfer request from a fourth access point device within the first shard requesting a transfer to a third shard that is different from the first shard;

Send certification information indicating spectrum resources owned by the fourth access point device to the leader access point device of the third shard, the certification information being authenticated by more than half of the access point devices in the first shard. A committee signature such that the leader access point device verifies the attestation information based on the signature; and

In response to the verification passing, the transfer of the spectrum resource of the fourth entry point device to the blockchain of the third shard is recorded on the blockchain for the first shard.
The electronic device of claim 15, wherein the authentication committee is composed of multiple access point devices with high transaction activity within a predetermined time period before the shard transfer request.
A method for a spectrum sharing system, the spectrum sharing system includes a plurality of access point devices, the plurality of access point devices are divided into a plurality of slices and each slice only maintains information for the slice Blockchain-based spectrum trading of access point devices, the method is performed by a first access point device among the plurality of access point devices, and the first access point device is divided into the plurality of access point devices The first shard in the shards, the method includes:

receiving a spectrum transaction request from a second access point device within the first shard;

Undertake interference reviews of said spectrum transactions; and

In response to passing the interference review, a transaction confirmation based on the consensus protocol is performed to trade the spectrum recorded on the blockchain for the first shard,

Among them, interference audit includes the following aspects:

-Initiate an inquiry to the spectrum management equipment of the spectrum sharing system to verify whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to high-priority users; and

- Based on the consensus protocol, each access point device on the first shard verifies whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to itself.
An electronic device for a spectrum sharing system, the spectrum sharing system includes a plurality of access point devices, the plurality of access point devices are divided into a plurality of slices and each slice only maintains information specific to the slice Blockchain-based spectrum trading of an access point device within the electronic device that is a second access point device in the plurality of access point devices and is partitioned into a first in the plurality of shards slice, the electronic device includes a processing circuit configured to: send a spectrum transaction request to the first access point device in the first slice,

Wherein, the spectrum transaction is confirmed based on the consensus protocol after passing the interference review, so that the spectrum transaction is recorded on the blockchain for the first shard,

Among them, interference audit includes the following aspects:

-A review of whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to high-priority users; and

-Whether the spectrum transaction will result in an audit of interference to each access point device on the first shard.
The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of slices are divided by the control device of the spectrum sharing system according to the method of claim 10.
The electronic device of claim 18 or 19, the processing circuit is further configured to:

sending information indicating spectrum requirements to the first access point device prior to sending the spectrum transaction request; and

Receive information from the first access point device regarding one or more access point devices within the first shard that are capable of meeting the spectrum requirements, the information indicating at least spectrum occupancy of the one or more access point devices situation and location.
The electronic device of claim 18 or 19, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:

Send a shard transfer request to a first access point device within the first shard requesting a transfer to a third shard that is different from the first shard, such that the electronic file is recorded on a blockchain for the first shard The spectrum resources of the device are transferred to the third Transfer of sharded blockchains.
A method for a spectrum sharing system, the spectrum sharing system includes multiple access point devices, the spectrum sharing system includes multiple access point devices, the multiple access point devices are divided into multiple points shards and each shard only maintains blockchain-based spectrum transactions for access point devices within the shard, the method is performed by a second access point device of the plurality of access point devices, and The second access point device is divided into a first fragment among the plurality of fragments, and the method includes the first access point device in the first fragment sending a spectrum transaction request,

Wherein, the spectrum transaction is confirmed based on the consensus protocol after passing the interference review, so that the spectrum transaction is recorded on the blockchain for the first shard,

Among them, interference audit includes the following aspects:

-A review of whether the spectrum transaction will cause interference to high-priority users; and

-Whether the spectrum transaction will result in an audit of interference to each access point device on the first shard.
A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed, implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 10, 17, and 22.
A device consisting of:

processor,

The storage device stores executable instructions that, when executed, implement the method described in any one of 10, 17, and 22.