WO2023173817A1 - 一种配电网分布式储能规划方法及系统 - Google Patents
一种配电网分布式储能规划方法及系统 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Definitions
- This application relates to the technical field of distribution network planning, for example, to a distribution network distributed energy storage planning method and system.
- the planning factors of energy storage unit include energy storage type, construction location, energy storage capacity, energy storage power and dispatching strategy.
- most methods in related technologies focus on one aspect or several aspects.
- aspects such as the method of solving the energy storage system scheduling strategy or the scheduling strategy and energy storage capacity, there is a lack of overall planning method for the five factors.
- CN202110579079.8 discloses a distribution network distributed energy storage planning method and device that considers important load power supply, including the following steps: carry out distributed energy storage planning for the actual distribution network, and obtain the distributed energy storage in the distribution network.
- Planning objective function add constraints to the obtained planning objective function, the constraints include distributed energy storage configuration and operation constraints, photovoltaic output constraints, distribution network power flow constraints, safety constraints and important load reliable power supply constraints, thereby obtaining non-convex Nonlinear mixed integer programming model; use convex optimization method to process the mixed integer programming model into a mixed integer second-order cone programming model, and solve the obtained mixed integer second-order cone programming model.
- This application improves the economics of the planning scheme on the premise of ensuring reliable power supply for important loads.
- This application provides a distribution network distributed energy storage planning method and system to solve the technical problems in related technologies that cannot determine the construction location of energy storage components and cannot achieve orderly energy storage of energy storage components.
- a distribution network distributed energy storage planning method including the following steps:
- Step S1 Set mathematical indicators to quantitatively evaluate the construction location of distributed energy storage components as location evaluation indicators in the distribution area of distributed power sources;
- Step S2 Plan the optimal laying path of the distributed energy storage components in the planning area based on the location evaluation index, so as to achieve the global maximum planning benefit of the construction location of the distributed energy storage components in the planning area.
- the optimal laying path is characterized by the path composed of sequential connections of all distributed energy storage component construction locations in the planning area;
- Step S3 Construct distributed energy storage components based on the optimal laying path, and connect the distributed energy storage components to the distribution network for energy storage operations.
- the energy storage operations are set based on the optimal laying path. Energy storage priority to achieve orderly energy storage of distributed energy storage components by distributed power sources in the distribution network.
- the mathematical indicators for quantitatively evaluating the construction location of distributed energy storage components are set as location evaluation indicators, including:
- quantifying the construction cost of distributed energy storage components as cost evaluation indicators includes:
- f i represents the construction cost of the i-th distributed energy storage component
- A represents the single construction cost
- a represents the construction cost per unit length of the energy storage line
- x i and y i represent the i-th distributed energy storage component respectively.
- the abscissa and total coordinate values in the position coordinates of distributed energy storage components, x 0 and y 0 respectively represent the abscissa and ordinate values in the position coordinates of distributed power sources, Characterized by the length of the energy storage line from the i-th distributed energy storage component to the distributed power supply, Characterized by the energy storage line construction cost of the i-th distributed energy storage component;
- the cost evaluation index is obtained by summing the construction costs of all distributed energy storage components.
- the calculation formula of the cost evaluation index is:
- F represents the cost evaluation index
- n represents the total number of distributed energy storage components
- i is a measurement constant with no substantial meaning
- the energy storage line is characterized as being located between distributed power sources and distributed energy storage components.
- quantifying the energy storage income of distributed energy storage components as income evaluation indicators includes:
- the energy storage income of the energy storage component, the calculation formula of the energy storage income is:
- g i represents the energy storage income of the i-th distributed energy storage component
- B represents the single energy storage income
- b represents the loss income per unit length of the energy supply line
- x i and y i represent respectively the energy storage income of the i-th distributed energy storage component.
- the abscissa and total coordinate values in the position coordinates of i distributed energy storage components, x 1 and y 1 respectively represent the abscissa and ordinate values in the position coordinates of the energy supply access terminal in the distribution network, Characterized by the length of the energy supply line from the i-th distributed energy storage component to the distribution network, Characterized by the energy supply line loss income of the i-th distributed energy storage component;
- the energy storage income of all distributed energy storage components is summed to obtain the income evaluation index.
- the calculation formula of the income evaluation index is:
- G is characterized as a cost evaluation index
- n is characterized as the total number of distributed energy storage components
- i is a measurement constant with no substantial meaning
- the energy supply line is characterized as being located between the distributed energy storage components and the distribution network.
- the adaptive weight is used to adaptively control the impact of the cost evaluation index and the income evaluation index on the location evaluation index as the production years increase.
- the adaptive weight is performed using the sigmoid function. Build, including:
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 represent the weight of the cost evaluation index and the weight of the income evaluation index respectively, ⁇ and ⁇ are constant coefficients with no substantial meaning, and N represents the year of production.
- the location evaluation index is obtained by performing a weighted sum of the cost evaluation index and the revenue evaluation index based on the adaptive weight, including:
- the cost evaluation index is weighted by using the weight ⁇ 1 of the cost evaluation index to obtain ⁇ 1 *F, and the weight ⁇ 2 of the income evaluation index is used to weight the income evaluation index to obtain ⁇ 2 *G;
- the location evaluation index Z is obtained by summing ⁇ 1 *F and ⁇ 2 *G.
- the calculation formula of the location evaluation index is:
- planning the optimal laying path of distributed energy storage components in the planning area based on the location evaluation index includes:
- Step 1 Rasterize the distribution area to form a square grid map as the solution space, and label the square grids with objects in the solution space as inaccessible grids, and the square grids without objects in the solution space as passable grids. grid;
- Step 2 Use the square grid where the distributed power supply is located as the search starting point, set n square grids adjacent to the search starting point as the search space, and determine whether there are inaccessible grids in the search space, where,
- step 2 If it exists, double the number of square grids in the search space to double the search space, and perform step 2;
- step three If it does not exist, go to step three;
- Step 3 Calculate the location evaluation index of each accessible grid through the position coordinates of each accessible grid in the search space, and arrange the accessible grids in descending order based on the location evaluation index, and select the first n accessible grids.
- the traffic grid serves as the search target;
- Step 4 Calculate the distance value between each search target and the search starting point in sequence, and arrange and link the search targets in ascending order of distance values to form the optimal laying path.
- the space size of the square grid is consistent with the size of the individual space of the distributed energy storage components, so that the distributed energy storage components can be built into the square grid.
- the energy storage priority of the distributed energy storage components located from the starting point to the end point of the optimal laying path changes from high to low.
- this application provides a planning system according to the distributed energy storage planning method of the distribution network, including:
- the indicator setting unit is used to set mathematical indicators that quantitatively evaluate the quality of the construction location of distributed energy storage components as location evaluation indicators in the distribution area of distributed power sources;
- a path setting unit used to plan the optimal laying path of distributed energy storage components in the planning area based on the location evaluation index, so as to realize the planning of the construction location of the distributed energy storage components in the planning area.
- the benefits are globally optimal, and the optimal laying path is represented by a path composed of sequential connections of all distributed energy storage component construction locations in the planning area;
- An energy storage planning unit is used to construct distributed energy storage components based on the optimal laying path, and connect the distributed energy storage components to the distribution network for energy storage operations.
- the energy storage operations are based on the optimal laying path.
- This application plans the construction location of distributed energy storage components based on both costs and benefits, and adds adaptive weights to costs and benefits to form location evaluation indicators, so as to realize the location evaluation indicators of costs and benefits as the production years increase.
- the degree of influence is adaptively controlled, which is more in line with the changing trend characteristics of costs and benefits as the production years increase, improves planning accuracy, and plans the optimal distribution of distributed energy storage components in the planning area based on the location evaluation indicators. Optimize the laying path to achieve global optimization of the planning benefits of the construction location of distributed energy storage components in the planning area and improve the orderliness of planning.
- Figure 1 is a flow chart of the distribution network distributed energy storage planning method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of the planning system provided by the embodiment of this application.
- 1-Indicator setting unit 2-Path setting unit; 3-Energy storage planning unit.
- this application provides a distribution network distributed energy storage planning method, including the following steps:
- Step S1 Set mathematical indicators to quantitatively evaluate the construction location of distributed energy storage components as location evaluation indicators in the distribution area of distributed power sources;
- Mathematical indicators that quantitatively evaluate the construction location of distributed energy storage components are set as location evaluation indicators, including:
- Distributed energy storage components are mainly divided into two parts: electric energy storage units and energy storage supporting facilities.
- Distributed energy storage components can be built between the distribution network side and the distributed power supply side to provide multi-energy complementary distributed power supplies.
- Energy storage services, as well as energy supply services for distribution network users, the key equipment of distributed energy storage systems include electric energy storage units and energy storage supporting equipment.
- Electrical energy storage units can be divided into mechanical energy storage, physical energy storage and chemical energy storage (battery) according to different energy storage methods.
- mechanical energy storage equipment can be divided into compressed air energy storage equipment and flywheel energy storage equipment
- physical energy storage equipment can be divided into supercapacitor equipment and superconducting energy storage equipment
- chemical energy storage equipment can be divided into vanadium flow batteries, zinc Bromine flow batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries.
- Energy storage supporting facilities include energy storage lines, energy supply lines, etc.
- Cost refers to the construction cost of energy storage equipment in an electric energy storage unit. The cost of a single energy storage equipment is fixed and will not change with the change of construction location. Therefore, the construction location of distributed energy storage components will affect the energy storage supporting facilities. For the cost of facilities, the construction cost can be used as an evaluation index for the construction location, and optimization can be performed to obtain the most appropriate construction location;
- the farther away the distributed energy storage components are from the distribution network the longer the energy supply lines need to be laid between the distribution network and the distributed energy storage components, and the higher the power supply losses will be and the loss of power supply revenue will be.
- the closer the construction location of distributed energy storage components is to the distribution network the shorter the energy supply lines need to be laid between the distribution network and distributed energy storage components, and the power supply loss will be correspondingly lower.
- the lower the income loss the single power supply income in distributed energy storage components refers to the income generated by the energy storage equipment in the electric energy storage unit supplying full capacity of electric energy into the distribution network. The full capacity of electric energy of a single energy storage equipment It is fixed and will not change with the change of the construction location. Therefore, the construction location of the distributed energy storage components will affect the loss of electric energy on the power supply lines in the energy supply facilities.
- the energy storage income can be used as a function of the construction location. Evaluation indicators and optimization are performed to obtain the most suitable construction location.
- the construction cost and energy storage income are taken as two optimization objectives of the construction location, and the optimal solution of the construction location is obtained by weighing the two optimization objectives, and the optimal laying path is formed to achieve the global optimization solution effect, and the solution quality is better high.
- f i represents the construction cost of the i-th distributed energy storage component
- A represents the single construction cost
- a represents the construction cost per unit length of the energy storage line
- x i and y i represent the i-th distributed energy storage component respectively.
- the abscissa and total coordinate values in the position coordinates of distributed energy storage components, x 0 and y 0 respectively represent the abscissa and ordinate values in the position coordinates of distributed power sources, Characterized by the length of the energy storage line from the i-th distributed energy storage component to the distributed power supply, Characterized by the energy storage line construction cost of the i-th distributed energy storage component;
- the cost evaluation index is obtained by summing the construction costs of all distributed energy storage components.
- the calculation formula of the cost evaluation index is:
- F represents the cost evaluation index
- n represents the total number of distributed energy storage components
- i is a measurement constant with no substantial meaning
- the energy storage line is represented by being located between the distributed power supply and distributed energy storage components to achieve Distributed power supplies discharge and store energy to distributed energy storage components.
- Quantifying the energy storage income of distributed energy storage components as income evaluation indicators includes:
- g i represents the energy storage income of the i-th distributed energy storage component
- B represents the single energy storage income
- b represents the loss income per unit length of the energy supply line
- x i and y i represent respectively the energy storage income of the i-th distributed energy storage component.
- the abscissa and total coordinate values in the position coordinates of i distributed energy storage components, x 1 and y 1 respectively represent the abscissa and ordinate values in the position coordinates of the energy supply access terminal in the distribution network, Characterized by the length of the energy supply line from the i-th distributed energy storage component to the distribution network, Characterized by the energy supply line loss income of the i-th distributed energy storage component;
- the energy storage income of all distributed energy storage components is summed to obtain the income evaluation index.
- the calculation formula of the income evaluation index is:
- G represents the cost evaluation index
- n represents the total number of distributed energy storage components
- i is a measurement constant with no substantial meaning
- the energy supply line is represented by being located between the distributed energy storage components and the distribution network to achieve Distributed energy storage components discharge and supply energy to the distribution network.
- Adaptive weights are used to adaptively control the impact of cost evaluation indicators and revenue evaluation indicators on location evaluation indicators as the production years increase.
- the adaptive weights are constructed using the sigmoid function, including:
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 represent the weight of the cost evaluation index and the weight of the income evaluation index respectively, ⁇ and ⁇ are constant coefficients with no substantial meaning, and N represents the year of production.
- the weight of the income evaluation index in the location evaluation index will be higher. If the distributed energy storage components are The shorter the production period, the more emphasis will be placed on the construction cost when considering the construction location. Therefore, the weight of the cost evaluation index in the location evaluation index will be higher. For the cost evaluation index and the income evaluation index, the construction cost will be more important in the distributed energy storage components. As the operational life increases, the construction cost will decrease evenly over the operational life. Therefore, the importance of the construction cost in the construction location setting will decrease, which is mapped to the cost evaluation index.
- the influence on location evaluation indicators decreases, while As the weight of the cost evaluation index, it can be well fitted to the changes in the impact of the cost evaluation index on the location evaluation index as the years of operation change, allowing the cost evaluation index to be adaptively regulated; energy storage benefits As the operational life of distributed energy storage components increases, the accumulation of energy storage revenue will increase more and more over the operational life. Therefore, the importance of energy storage revenue in the construction location setting will increase. , mapped to the income evaluation index, the influence on the location evaluation index increases as the production years increase, and the influence on the location evaluation index increases. As the weight of the income evaluation index, it can be well fitted to the changes in the impact of the income evaluation index on the location evaluation index as the production years change, which can enable adaptive regulation of the income evaluation index.
- the cost evaluation indicators and benefit evaluation indicators are weighted and summed to obtain location evaluation indicators, including:
- the weight of the cost evaluation index ⁇ 1 is used to weight the cost evaluation index to obtain ⁇ 1 *F
- the weight of the income evaluation index ⁇ 2 is used to weight the income evaluation index to obtain ⁇ 2 *G;
- the location evaluation index Z is obtained by summing ⁇ 1 *F and ⁇ 2 *G.
- the calculation formula of the location evaluation index is:
- Step S2 Plan the optimal laying path of distributed energy storage components in the planning area based on the location evaluation index, so as to achieve global optimality and optimal laying of the planning benefits of the construction location of distributed energy storage components in the planning area.
- the path is characterized as a path composed of sequential connections at the construction locations of all distributed energy storage components in the planning area;
- the optimal laying path of distributed energy storage components is planned within the planning area, including:
- Step 1 Rasterize the distribution area to form a square grid map as the solution space, and label the square grids with objects in the solution space as inaccessible grids, and the square grids without objects in the solution space as passable grids;
- Step 2 Use the square grid where the distributed power supply is located as the search starting point, set n square grids adjacent to the search starting point as the search space, and determine whether there are inaccessible grids in the search space, where,
- step 2 If it exists, double the number of square grids in the search space to double the search space, and perform step 2;
- step three If it does not exist, go to step three;
- Step 3 Calculate the location evaluation index of each accessible grid through the position coordinates of each accessible grid in the search space, and arrange the accessible grids in descending order based on the location evaluation index, and select the first n accessible grids.
- the traffic grid serves as the search target;
- Step 4 Calculate the distance value between each search target and the search starting point in sequence, and arrange and link the search targets in ascending order of distance values to form the optimal laying path.
- the space size of the square grid is consistent with the size of the individual space of the distributed energy storage components, so that the distributed energy storage components can be built into the square grid.
- the search and solution method is used to find the construction location of each distributed energy storage component in the distribution area, and the optimal laying path is obtained according to the distance from the distributed power supply. This can prioritize the distributed energy storage components that are closer to the distributed power supply.
- Energy storage operation when there is no need to store energy in all energy storage components, priority is given to distributed energy storage components that are closer to the distributed power supply, which can reduce energy storage losses and improve energy storage efficiency. Orderly execution of energy storage can avoid energy storage chaos among distributed energy storage components.
- Step S3 Construct distributed energy storage components based on the optimal laying path, and connect the distributed energy storage components to the distribution network for energy storage operations.
- the energy storage operation sets the energy storage priority based on the optimal laying path. , to achieve orderly energy storage of distributed energy storage components by distributed power sources in the distribution network.
- the energy storage priority of the distributed energy storage components located from the starting point to the end of the optimal laying path changes from high to low.
- this application provides a planning system, including:
- Indicator setting unit 1 is used to set mathematical indicators that quantitatively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the construction location of distributed energy storage components as location evaluation indicators in the distribution area of distributed power sources;
- the path setting unit 2 is used to plan the optimal laying path of distributed energy storage components in the planning area based on the location evaluation index, so as to realize the global optimization of the planning benefits of the construction location of the distributed energy storage components in the planning area.
- the optimal laying path is characterized by the path composed of sequential connections at the construction locations of all distributed energy storage components in the planning area;
- the energy storage planning unit 3 is used to construct distributed energy storage components based on the optimal laying path, and connect the distributed energy storage components to the distribution network for energy storage operations.
- the energy storage operations are designed based on the optimal laying path. Determine energy storage priority to achieve orderly energy storage of distributed energy storage components by distributed power sources in the distribution network.
- This application plans the construction location of distributed energy storage components based on both costs and benefits, and adds adaptive weights to costs and benefits to form location evaluation indicators, so as to realize the impact of costs and benefits on location evaluation indicators as the years of production increase.
- Adaptive control is carried out to be more in line with the changing trend characteristics of costs and benefits with increasing years of production, improve planning accuracy, and plan the optimal laying path of distributed energy storage components in the planning area based on location evaluation indicators to achieve distributed
- the planning benefits of the construction location of energy storage components in the planning area are globally optimal, improving the orderliness of planning.
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种配电网分布式储能规划方法及系统，包括以下步骤：步骤S1、在分布式电源的分布区域内设置定量评价分布式储能组件建设位置优劣性的数学指标作为地点评价指标；步骤S2、基于所述地点评价指标在所述规划区域内规划出分布式储能组件的最优铺设路径；步骤S3、依据所述最优铺设路径进行分布式储能组件的建设，并将分布式储能组件接入配电网进行储能作业，以实现配电网中分布式电源对分布式储能组件的有序储能。
Description
本申请要求在2022年03月16日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210255517.X的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及配电网规划技术领域，例如涉及一种配电网分布式储能规划方法及系统。
随着配电网中分布式光伏渗透率的逐步增大，系统的电压越限问题越来越严重。储能，特别是分布式储能，作为解决该问题的有效途径之一，合理规划将会改善配电网的电压状况。
分布式储能系统的规划方法中，储能单元的规划因素包括储能类型、建设位置、储能容量、储能功率和调度策略，然而相关技术中的方法多数集中于某一方面或某几方面，如求解储能系统调度策略或调度策略与储能容量的方法，缺少对五种因素的整体规划方法。
CN202110579079.8公开了一种考虑重要负荷供电的配电网分布式储能规划方法及装置，包括如下步骤：针对实际配电网进行分布式储能规划，得到配电网中分布式储能的规划目标函数；对获得的规划目标函数增加约束条件，所述约束条件包含分布式储能配置和运行约束、光伏出力约束、配网潮流约束、安全约束和重要负荷可靠供电约束，从而获得非凸非线性的混合整数规划模型；采用凸优化方法将混合整数规划模型处理为混合整数二阶锥规划模型，并对获得的混合整数二阶锥规划模型进行求解。本申请在保证重要负荷可靠供电的前提下，提升规划方案经济性。
虽然上述相关技术能够一定程度的提高分布式储能规划的经济效益，但是却无法确定储能组件的建设位置，以及无法实现储能组件的有序储能。
发明内容
本申请提供一种配电网分布式储能规划方法及系统，以解决相关技术中却 无法确定储能组件的建设位置，以及无法实现储能组件的有序储能的技术问题。
本申请具体提供下述技术方案：
一种配电网分布式储能规划方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1、在分布式电源的分布区域内设置定量评价分布式储能组件建设位置优劣性的数学指标作为地点评价指标；
步骤S2、基于所述地点评价指标在所述规划区域内规划出分布式储能组件的最优铺设路径，以实现分布式储能组件的建设位置在所述规划区域中的规划效益呈全局最优性，所述最优铺设路径表征为在所述规划区域内的所有分布式储能组件建设位置顺序连接构成的路径；
步骤S3、依据所述最优铺设路径进行分布式储能组件的建设，并将分布式储能组件接入配电网进行储能作业，所述储能作业以最优铺设路径为准则设定储能优先级，以实现配电网中分布式电源对分布式储能组件的有序储能。
作为本申请的一种可选方案，所述设置定量评价分布式储能组件建设位置优劣性的数学指标作为地点评价指标，包括：
量化分布式储能组件的建设成本作为成本评价指标，以及量化分布式储能组件的储能收益作为收益评价指标；
基于分布式储能组件投产年限为所述成本评价指标、收益评价指标设置自适应权重，并基于所述自适应权重对所述成本评价指标、收益评价指标进行加权求和得到所述地点评价指标。
作为本申请的一种可选方案，量化分布式储能组件的建设成本作为成本评价指标，包括：
量化每个分布式储能组件的单体建设成本以及储能线路建设成本，并将每个分布式储能组件的单体建设成本和储能线路建设成本进行求和得到每个分布式储能组件的建设成本，所述建设成本的计算公式为：
式中，f
i表征为第i个分布式储能组件的建设成本，A表征为单体建设成本，a表征为储能线路单位长度的建设成本，x
i、y
i分别表征为第i个分布式储能组件的位置坐标中的横、总坐标值，x
0、y
0分别表征为分布式电源的位置坐标中 的横、纵坐标值，
表征为第i个分布式储能组件距分布式电源的储能线路长度，
表征为第i个分布式储能组件的储能线路建设成本；
将所有分布式储能组件的建设成本进行求和得到成本评价指标，所述成本评价指标的计算公式为：
式中，F表征为成本评价指标，n表征为分布式储能组件的总数目，i为计量常数，无实质含义，所述储能线路表征为位于分布式电源和分布式储能组件之间以实现分布式电源向所述分布式储能组件进行放电储能。
作为本申请的一种可选方案，量化分布式储能组件的储能收益作为收益评价指标，包括：
量化每个分布式储能组件的单体储能收益以及供能线路损耗收益，并将每个分布式储能组件的单体储能收益和供能线路损耗收益进行求差得到每个分布式储能组件的储能收益，所述储能收益的计算公式为：
式中，g
i表征为第i个分布式储能组件的储能收益，B表征为单体储能收益，b表征为供能线路单位长度的损耗收益，x
i、y
i分别表征为第i个分布式储能组件的位置坐标中的横、总坐标值，x
1、y
1分别表征为配电网中供能接入端的位置坐标中的横、纵坐标值，
表征为第i个分布式储能组件距配电网的供能线路长度，
表征为第i个分布式储能组件的供能线路损耗收益；
将所有分布式储能组件的储能收益进行求和得到收益评价指标，所述收益评价指标的计算公式为：
式中，G表征为成本评价指标，n表征为分布式储能组件的总数目，i为计量常数，无实质含义，所述供能线路表征为位于分布式储能组件和配电网之间以实现分布式储能组件向所述配电网进行放电供能。
作为本申请的一种可选方案，所述自适应权重用于自适应控制成本评价指标、收益评价指标随所述投产年限增加对地点评价指标的影响程度，所述自适应权重利用sigmoid函数进行构建，包括：
所述成本评价指标在分布式储能组件的投产年限的增加对地点评价指标的影响程度呈下降趋势，则利用sigmoid函数中的
构建出成本评价指标的权重
所述收益评价指标在分布式储能组件的投产年限的增加对地点评价指标的影响程度呈上升趋势，则利用sigmoid函数中的
构建出收益评价指标的权重
其中，ω
1、ω
2分别表征为成本评价指标的权重、收益评价指标的权重，α、β为常系数，无实质含义，N表征为投产年限。
作为本申请的一种可选方案，所述并基于所述自适应权重对所述成本评价指标、收益评价指标进行加权求和得到所述地点评价指标，包括：
分别利用所述成本评价指标的权重ω
1对成本评价指标进行加权得到ω
1*F，以及收益评价指标的权重ω
2收益评价指标进行加权得到ω
2*G；
将ω
1*F和ω
2*G进行求和得到地点评价指标Z，所述地点评价指标的计算公式为：
Z＝ω
1*F+ω
2*G。
作为本申请的一种可选方案，所述基于所述地点评价指标在所述规划区域内规划出分布式储能组件的最优铺设路径，包括：
步骤一：将所述分布区域进行栅格化形成方形栅格地图作为求解空间，并将求解空间将存在物体的方形栅格标定为不可通行栅格，不存在物体的方形栅格作为可通行栅格；
步骤二：以分布式电源所在方形栅格作为搜索起点，设定与搜索起点相邻 的n个方形栅格作为搜索空间，在搜索空间中判定是否存在不可通行栅格，其中，
若存在，将搜索空间中的方形栅格数目进行二倍倍增处理实现搜索空间的二倍倍增，并执行步骤二；
若不存在，执行步骤三；
步骤三：通过搜索空间中每个可通行栅格的位置坐标计算出每个可通行栅格的地点评价指标，并基于地点评价指标对可通行栅格进行降序顺序排列，在选取前n个可通行栅格作为搜索目标；
步骤四：依次计算每个搜索目标与搜索起点的距离值，并按距离值升序排列及链接搜索目标形成最优铺设路径。
作为本申请的一种可选方案，所述方形栅格的空间大小与分布式储能组件的单体空间大小相一致，以实现分布式储能组件建设至方形栅格中。
作为本申请的一种可选方案，所述位于最优铺设路径起点至终点处的分布式储能组件的储能优先级呈由高到低变化。
作为本申请的一种可选方案，本申请提供了一种根据所述的配电网分布式储能规划方法的规划系统，包括：
指标设定单元，用于在分布式电源的分布区域内设置定量评价分布式储能组件建设位置优劣性的数学指标作为地点评价指标；
路径设定单元，用于基于所述地点评价指标在所述规划区域内规划出分布式储能组件的最优铺设路径，以实现分布式储能组件的建设位置在所述规划区域中的规划效益呈全局最优性，所述最优铺设路径表征为在所述规划区域内的所有分布式储能组件建设位置顺序连接构成的路径；
储能规划单元，用于依据所述最优铺设路径进行分布式储能组件的建设，并将分布式储能组件接入配电网进行储能作业，所述储能作业以最优铺设路径为准则设定储能优先级，以实现配电网中分布式电源对分布式储能组件的有序储能。
本申请基于成本和收益两方面对分布式储能组件的建设位置进行规划，并为成本和收益添加自适应权重构成地点评价指标，实现对成本和收益随所述投 产年限增加对地点评价指标的影响程度进行自适应控制，更符合成本和收益的随所述投产年限增加的变化趋势特征，提高规划精度，而且基于所述地点评价指标在所述规划区域内规划出分布式储能组件的最优铺设路径，以实现分布式储能组件的建设位置在所述规划区域中的规划效益呈全局最优性，提高规划的有序性。
图1为本申请实施例提供的配电网分布式储能规划方法流程图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的规划系统结构框图。
图中的标号分别表示如下：
1-指标设定单元；2‐路径设定单元；3‐储能规划单元。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
如图1所示，本申请提供了一种配电网分布式储能规划方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1、在分布式电源的分布区域内设置定量评价分布式储能组件建设位置优劣性的数学指标作为地点评价指标；
设置定量评价分布式储能组件建设位置优劣性的数学指标作为地点评价指标，包括：
分布式储能组件主要分为两部分:电储能单元和储能配套设施，分布式储能组件可建设在配电网侧和分布式电源侧的中间，为多能互补的分布式电源提供储能服务，以及为配电网的用户提供供能服务，分布式储能系统的关键设备包括电储能单元和储能配套设备两部分。电储能单元按储能方式的不同可分为机械储能、物理储能和化学储能(电池)。其中，机械储能设备可分为压缩空气储能设备、飞轮储能设备，物理储能设备可分为超级电容设备和超导储能设备，化学储能设备可分为钒液流电池、锌溴液流电池、钠硫电池、铅酸电池、锂离子 电池。储能配套设施包括储能线路、供能线路等。
分布式储能组件的建设位置距离分布式电源越远，则需要在分布式电源和分布式储能组件间铺设的储能线路越长，则建设成本会相应越高，反之，分布式储能组件的建设位置距离分布式电源越近，则需要在分布式电源和分布式储能组件间铺设的储能线路越短，则建设成本会相应越低，而分布式储能组件中单体建设成本是指电储能单元中储能设备的建设成本，单个储能设备成本是固定的，并不会随建设位置的更改而发生变动，因此分布式储能组件的建设位置会影响储能配套设施的成本，可将建设成本作为建设位置的评价指标，并进行优化求解得到最合适的建设位置；
同样的，分布式储能组件的建设位置距离配电网越远，则需要在配电网和分布式储能组件间铺设的供能线路越长，则供电损耗会相应越高，供电收益损失越高，反之，分布式储能组件的建设位置距离配电网越近，则需要在配电网和分布式储能组件间铺设的供能线路越短，则供电损耗会相应越低，供电收益损失越低，而分布式储能组件中单体供电收益是指电储能单元中储能设备的将满容量的电能供入配电网产生的收益，单个储能设备的满容量的电能是固定的，并不会随建设位置的更改而发生变动，因此分布式储能组件的建设位置会影响电能在供能配套设施中供电线路上的损耗情况，可将储能收益作为建设位置的评价指标，并进行优化求解得到最合适的建设位置。
将建设成本和储能收益作为建设位置的两个优化目标，并在两个优化目标上进行权衡求解得到建设位置的最优解，并构成最优铺设路径实现全局最优化求解效果，求解质量更高。
量化分布式储能组件的建设成本作为成本评价指标，以及量化分布式储能组件的储能收益作为收益评价指标；
基于分布式储能组件投产年限为成本评价指标、收益评价指标设置自适应权重，并基于自适应权重对成本评价指标、收益评价指标进行加权求和得到地点评价指标。
量化分布式储能组件的建设成本作为成本评价指标，包括：
量化每个分布式储能组件的单体建设成本以及储能线路建设成本，并将每 个分布式储能组件的单体建设成本和储能线路建设成本进行求和得到每个分布式储能组件的建设成本，建设成本的计算公式为：
式中，f
i表征为第i个分布式储能组件的建设成本，A表征为单体建设成本，a表征为储能线路单位长度的建设成本，x
i、y
i分别表征为第i个分布式储能组件的位置坐标中的横、总坐标值，x
0、y
0分别表征为分布式电源的位置坐标中的横、纵坐标值，
表征为第i个分布式储能组件距分布式电源的储能线路长度，
表征为第i个分布式储能组件的储能线路建设成本；
将所有分布式储能组件的建设成本进行求和得到成本评价指标，成本评价指标的计算公式为：
式中，F表征为成本评价指标，n表征为分布式储能组件的总数目，i为计量常数，无实质含义，储能线路表征为位于分布式电源和分布式储能组件之间以实现分布式电源向分布式储能组件进行放电储能。
量化分布式储能组件的储能收益作为收益评价指标，包括：
量化每个分布式储能组件的单体储能收益以及供能线路损耗收益，并将每个分布式储能组件的单体储能收益和供能线路损耗收益进行求差得到每个分布式储能组件的储能收益，储能收益的计算公式为：
式中，g
i表征为第i个分布式储能组件的储能收益，B表征为单体储能收益，b表征为供能线路单位长度的损耗收益，x
i、y
i分别表征为第i个分布式储能组件的位置坐标中的横、总坐标值，x
1、y
1分别表征为配电网中供能接入端的位置坐标中的横、纵坐标值，
表征为第i个分布式储能组件距配电网的供能线路长度，
表征为第i个分布式储能组件的供能线路损耗收益；
将所有分布式储能组件的储能收益进行求和得到收益评价指标，收益评价指标的计算公式为：
式中，G表征为成本评价指标，n表征为分布式储能组件的总数目，i为计量常数，无实质含义，供能线路表征为位于分布式储能组件和配电网之间以实现分布式储能组件向配电网进行放电供能。
自适应权重用于自适应控制成本评价指标、收益评价指标随投产年限增加对地点评价指标的影响程度，自适应权重利用sigmoid函数进行构建，包括：
成本评价指标在分布式储能组件的投产年限的增加对地点评价指标的影响程度呈下降趋势，则利用sigmoid函数中的
构建出成本评价指标的权重
收益评价指标在分布式储能组件的投产年限的增加对地点评价指标的影响程度呈上升趋势，则利用sigmoid函数中的
构建出收益评价指标的权重
其中，ω
1、ω
2分别表征为成本评价指标的权重、收益评价指标的权重，α、β为常系数，无实质含义，N表征为投产年限。
实际而言，如果分布式储能组件的投产年限越长，对于建设位置的考虑会更偏重于储能收益，因此地点评价指标中收益评价指标的权重会更高，如果分布式储能组件的投产年限越短，对于建设位置的考虑会更偏重于建设成本，因此地点评价指标中成本评价指标的权重会更高，对于成本评价指标和收益评价指标而言，建设成本在分布式储能组件的投产年限时间增加的越长的情况下，建设成本经过投产年限进行平摊会降低的越来越小，因此建设成本占建设位置设定的重要性比重会降低，映射到成本评价指标上则是随着投产年限时间增加的越长在地点评价指标中的影响力度降低，而
作为成本评价指标的权重， 就能够很好的拟合出成本评价指标随投产年限的变化而呈现出的对地点评价指标的影响程度的变化，可使得成本评价指标进行自适应调控；储能收益在分布式储能组件的投产年限时间增加的越长的情况下，储能收益经过投产年限进行累积会提高的越来越大，因此储能收益占建设位置设定的重要性比重会升高，映射到收益评价指标上则是随着投产年限时间增加的越长在地点评价指标中的影响力度上升，而
作为收益评价指标的权重，就能够很好的拟合出收益评价指标随投产年限的变化而呈现出的对地点评价指标的影响程度的变化，可使得收益评价指标进行自适应调控。
并基于自适应权重对成本评价指标、收益评价指标进行加权求和得到地点评价指标，包括：
分别利用成本评价指标的权重ω
1对成本评价指标进行加权得到ω
1*F，以及收益评价指标的权重ω
2收益评价指标进行加权得到ω
2*G；
将ω
1*F和ω
2*G进行求和得到地点评价指标Z，地点评价指标的计算公式为：
Z＝ω
1*F+ω
2*G。
步骤S2、基于地点评价指标在规划区域内规划出分布式储能组件的最优铺设路径，以实现分布式储能组件的建设位置在规划区域中的规划效益呈全局最优性，最优铺设路径表征为在规划区域内的所有分布式储能组件建设位置顺序连接构成的路径；
基于地点评价指标在规划区域内规划出分布式储能组件的最优铺设路径，包括：
步骤一：将分布区域进行栅格化形成方形栅格地图作为求解空间，并将求解空间将存在物体的方形栅格标定为不可通行栅格，不存在物体的方形栅格作为可通行栅格；
步骤二：以分布式电源所在方形栅格作为搜索起点，设定与搜索起点相邻的n个方形栅格作为搜索空间，在搜索空间中判定是否存在不可通行栅格，其中，
若存在，将搜索空间中的方形栅格数目进行二倍倍增处理实现搜索空间的二倍倍增，并执行步骤二；
若不存在，执行步骤三；
步骤三：通过搜索空间中每个可通行栅格的位置坐标计算出每个可通行栅格的地点评价指标，并基于地点评价指标对可通行栅格进行降序顺序排列，在选取前n个可通行栅格作为搜索目标；
步骤四：依次计算每个搜索目标与搜索起点的距离值，并按距离值升序排列及链接搜索目标形成最优铺设路径。
方形栅格的空间大小与分布式储能组件的单体空间大小相一致，以实现分布式储能组件建设至方形栅格中。
利用搜索求解方法在分布区域求解出各个分布式储能组件的建设位置，并按照与分布式电源的距离得到最优铺设路径，可实现对距离分布式电源越近的分布式储能组件优先进行储能操作，在无需对所有储能组件进行储能的时，对距离分布式电源越近的分布式储能组件进行优先储能操作，可以使储能损耗得以降低，提高储能效益，而且有序执行储能可以避免分布式储能组件之间出现储能混乱。
步骤S3、依据最优铺设路径进行分布式储能组件的建设，并将分布式储能组件接入配电网进行储能作业，储能作业以最优铺设路径为准则设定储能优先级，以实现配电网中分布式电源对分布式储能组件的有序储能。
位于最优铺设路径起点至终点处的分布式储能组件的储能优先级呈由高到低变化。
基于上述配电网分布式储能规划方法，本申请提供了一种规划系统，包括：
指标设定单元1，用于在分布式电源的分布区域内设置定量评价分布式储能组件建设位置优劣性的数学指标作为地点评价指标；
路径设定单元2，用于基于地点评价指标在规划区域内规划出分布式储能组件的最优铺设路径，以实现分布式储能组件的建设位置在规划区域中的规划效益呈全局最优性，最优铺设路径表征为在规划区域内的所有分布式储能组件建设位置顺序连接构成的路径；
储能规划单元3，用于依据最优铺设路径进行分布式储能组件的建设，并将分布式储能组件接入配电网进行储能作业，储能作业以最优铺设路径为准则设定储能优先级，以实现配电网中分布式电源对分布式储能组件的有序储能。
本申请基于成本和收益两方面对分布式储能组件的建设位置进行规划，并为成本和收益添加自适应权重构成地点评价指标，实现对成本和收益随投产年限增加对地点评价指标的影响程度进行自适应控制，更符合成本和收益的随投产年限增加的变化趋势特征，提高规划精度，而且基于地点评价指标在规划区域内规划出分布式储能组件的最优铺设路径，以实现分布式储能组件的建设位置在规划区域中的规划效益呈全局最优性，提高规划的有序性。
以上实施例仅为本申请的示例性实施例，不用于限制本申请，本申请的保护范围由权利要求书限定。本领域技术人员可以在本申请的实质和保护范围内，对本申请做出各种修改或等同替换，这种修改或等同替换也应视为落在本申请的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
- 一种配电网分布式储能规划方法，包括以下步骤：步骤S1、在分布式电源的分布区域内设置定量评价分布式储能组件建设位置优劣性的数学指标作为地点评价指标；步骤S2、基于所述地点评价指标在规划区域内规划出分布式储能组件的最优铺设路径，以实现分布式储能组件的建设位置在所述规划区域中的规划效益呈全局最优性，所述最优铺设路径表征为在所述规划区域内的所有分布式储能组件建设位置顺序连接构成的路径；步骤S3、依据所述最优铺设路径进行分布式储能组件的建设，并将分布式储能组件接入配电网进行储能作业，所述储能作业以最优铺设路径为准则设定储能优先级，以实现配电网中分布式电源对分布式储能组件的有序储能。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种配电网分布式储能规划方法，其中：所述设置定量评价分布式储能组件建设位置优劣性的数学指标作为地点评价指标，包括：量化分布式储能组件的建设成本作为成本评价指标，以及量化分布式储能组件的储能收益作为收益评价指标；基于分布式储能组件投产年限为所述成本评价指标、收益评价指标设置自适应权重，并基于所述自适应权重对所述成本评价指标、收益评价指标进行加权求和得到所述地点评价指标。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种配电网分布式储能规划方法，其中：量化分布式储能组件的建设成本作为成本评价指标，包括：量化每个分布式储能组件的单体建设成本以及储能线路建设成本，并将每个分布式储能组件的单体建设成本和储能线路建设成本进行求和得到每个分布式储能组件的建设成本，所述建设成本的计算公式为：
式中，f i表征为第i个分布式储能组件的建设成本，A表征为单体建设成本，a表征为储能线路单位长度的建设成本，x i、y i分别表征为第i个分布式储能组件的位置坐标中的横、总坐标值，x 0、y 0分别表征为分布式电源的位置坐标中的横、纵坐标值，表征为第i个分布式储能组件距分布 式电源的储能线路长度，
表征为第i个分布式储能组件的储能线路建设成本；
将所有分布式储能组件的建设成本进行求和得到成本评价指标，所述成本评价指标的计算公式为：
式中，F表征为成本评价指标，n表征为分布式储能组件的总数目，i为计量常数，无实质含义，所述储能线路表征为位于分布式电源和分布式储能组件之间以实现分布式电源向所述分布式储能组件进行放电储能。 - 根据权利要求3所述的一种配电网分布式储能规划方法，其中：量化分布式储能组件的储能收益作为收益评价指标，包括：量化每个分布式储能组件的单体储能收益以及供能线路损耗收益，并将每个分布式储能组件的单体储能收益和供能线路损耗收益进行求差得到每个分布式储能组件的储能收益，所述储能收益的计算公式为：
式中，g i表征为第i个分布式储能组件的储能收益，B表征为单体储能收益，b表征为供能线路单位长度的损耗收益，x i、y i分别表征为第i个分布式储能组件的位置坐标中的横、总坐标值，x 1、y 1分别表征为配电网中供能接入端的位置坐标中的横、纵坐标值，表征为第i个分布式储能组件距配电网的供能线路长度，
表征为第i个分布式储能组件的供能线路损耗收益；
将所有分布式储能组件的储能收益进行求和得到收益评价指标，所述收益评价指标的计算公式为：
式中，G表征为成本评价指标，n表征为分布式储能组件的总数目，i为计量 常数，无实质含义，所述供能线路表征为位于分布式储能组件和配电网之间以实现分布式储能组件向所述配电网进行放电供能。 - 根据权利要求4所述的一种配电网分布式储能规划方法，其中：所述自适应权重用于自适应控制成本评价指标、收益评价指标随所述投产年限增加对地点评价指标的影响程度，所述自适应权重利用sigmoid函数进行构建，包括：所述成本评价指标在分布式储能组件的投产年限的增加对地点评价指标的影响程度呈下降趋势，则利用sigmoid函数中的构建出成本评价指标的权重
所述收益评价指标在分布式储能组件的投产年限的增加对地点评价指标的影响程度呈上升趋势，则利用sigmoid函数中的构建出收益评价指标的权重
其中，ω 1、ω 2分别表征为成本评价指标的权重、收益评价指标的权重，α、β为常系数，无实质含义，N表征为投产年限。 - 根据权利要求5所述的一种配电网分布式储能规划方法，其中：所述并基于所述自适应权重对所述成本评价指标、收益评价指标进行加权求和得到所述地点评价指标，包括：分别利用所述成本评价指标的权重ω 1对成本评价指标进行加权得到ω 1*F，以及收益评价指标的权重ω 2对收益评价指标进行加权得到ω 2*G；将ω 1*F和ω 2*G进行求和得到地点评价指标Z，所述地点评价指标的计算公式为：Z＝ω 1*F+ω 2*G。
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种配电网分布式储能规划方法，其中，所述基于所述地点评价指标在所述规划区域内规划出分布式储能组件的最优铺设路径，包括：步骤一：将所述分布区域进行栅格化形成方形栅格地图作为求解空间，并将求解空间将存在物体的方形栅格标定为不可通行栅格，不存在物体的方形栅格作为可通行栅格；步骤二：以分布式电源所在方形栅格作为搜索起点，设定与搜索起点相邻的n个方形栅格作为搜索空间，在搜索空间中判定是否存在不可通行栅格，其中，若存在，将搜索空间中的方形栅格数目进行二倍倍增处理实现搜索空间的二倍倍增，并执行步骤二；若不存在，执行步骤三；步骤三：通过搜索空间中每个可通行栅格的位置坐标计算出每个可通行栅格的地点评价指标，并基于地点评价指标对可通行栅格进行降序顺序排列，在选取前n个可通行栅格作为搜索目标；步骤四：依次计算每个搜索目标与搜索起点的距离值，并按距离值升序排列及链接搜索目标形成最优铺设路径。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种配电网分布式储能规划方法，其中，所述方形栅格的空间大小与分布式储能组件的单体空间大小相一致，以实现分布式储能组件建设至方形栅格中。
- 根据权利要求8所述的一种配电网分布式储能规划方法，其中，所述位于最优铺设路径起点至终点处的分布式储能组件的储能优先级呈由高到低变化。
- 一种根据权利要求1‐9任一项所述的配电网分布式储能规划方法的规划系统，包括：指标设定单元，用于在分布式电源的分布区域内设置定量评价分布式储能组件建设位置优劣性的数学指标作为地点评价指标；路径设定单元，用于基于所述地点评价指标在所述规划区域内规划出分布式储能组件的最优铺设路径，以实现分布式储能组件的建设位置在所述规划区域中的规划效益呈全局最优性，所述最优铺设路径表征为在所述规划区域内的所有分布式储能组件建设位置顺序连接构成的路径；储能规划单元，用于依据所述最优铺设路径进行分布式储能组件的建设，并将分布式储能组件接入配电网进行储能作业，所述储能作业以最优铺设路径为准则设定储能优先级，以实现配电网中分布式电源对分布式储能组件的有序 储能。
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| CN109615260A (zh) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-12 | 国网北京市电力公司 | 确定充电桩的安装地址的方法 |
| CN113435777A (zh) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-09-24 | 北京交通大学 | 一种电动运营车辆充电站规划方法及系统 |
| CN114330938A (zh) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-04-12 | 广东电网有限责任公司东莞供电局 | 一种配电网分布式储能规划方法及系统 |
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