WO2023173564A1 - 一种人工磁性土壤及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种人工磁性土壤及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2023173564A1
WO2023173564A1 PCT/CN2022/092183 CN2022092183W WO2023173564A1 WO 2023173564 A1 WO2023173564 A1 WO 2023173564A1 CN 2022092183 W CN2022092183 W CN 2022092183W WO 2023173564 A1 WO2023173564 A1 WO 2023173564A1
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parts
soil
content
artificial
artificial magnetic
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PCT/CN2022/092183
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French (fr)
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柏明锁
俞德仁
李元友
杨晓峰
刘士刚
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北京中力信达环境技术有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of industrial solid waste and organic matter recovery and reuse, and in particular to an artificial magnetic soil and its preparation method and application.
  • This application provides an artificial magnetic soil, which uses ash, sludge and other organic matter to be scientifically proportioned to make soil and fertilizer, and is used to improve sandy land and saline-alkali soil, improve regional soil sandy land and saline-alkali properties, and improve plant growth. Survival rate; saving landfill and storage costs of ash and sludge; reducing water and air pollution, and restoring the ecological environment. It can achieve the special effects of "treating waste with waste”, “treating waste with waste to control each other", and turning double harm into double benefit. It can better achieve the combination of environmental benefits and economic benefits, and has the comprehensive significance of "carbon emission reduction”.
  • an artificial magnetic soil is provided.
  • the raw materials of the artificial soil include: 15 to 30 parts of gasifier ash, 3 to 10 parts of fly ash, and 10 to 20 parts of municipal sludge. parts, river and lake sediments are 5 to 15 parts, artificial zeolite is 10 to 20 parts, iron tailings are 2 to 7 parts, magnesium tailings are 1 to 7 parts, metallurgical slag is 1 to 5 parts, phosphogypsum is 1 to 5 parts, Lignite is 1 to 2 parts, quicklime is 3 to 5 parts, and organic matter is 5 to 12 parts.
  • the gasifier ash is 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts, 21 parts, 22 parts, 23 parts, 24 parts, 25 parts, 26 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts parts, 29 parts, 30 parts, or any value in between.
  • the fly ash is 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts or any value between any two values.
  • the municipal sludge is 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts or any value between any two values .
  • the river and lake bottom mud is 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts or any value between any two values. .
  • the artificial zeolite is 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts or any value between any two values.
  • the iron tailings are 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts or any value between any two values.
  • the magnesium tailings are 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts or any value between any two values.
  • the metallurgical slag is 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts or any value between any two values.
  • the phosphogypsum is 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts or any value between any two values.
  • lignite is 1 part, 1.1 part, 1.2 part, 1.3 part, 1.4 part, 1.5 part, 1.6 part, 1.7 part, 1.8 part, 1.9 part, 2 parts or any value between any two values.
  • quicklime is 3 parts, 3.1 parts, 3.2 parts, 3.3 parts, 3.4 parts, 3.5 parts, 3.6 parts, 3.7 parts, 3.8 parts, 3.9 parts, 4 parts, 4.1 parts, 4.2 parts, 4.3 parts, 4.4 parts , 4.5 parts, 4.6 parts, 4.7 parts, 4.8 parts, 4.9 parts, 5 parts or any value between any two values.
  • the organic matter is 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts or any value between any two values.
  • the content of available elements in coal-based soil changes with the proportion of slag.
  • the content of organic matter and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in all proportions of coal-based soil meets the requirements of national standard fertility.
  • the contents of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ni, and Pb in the coal-based soil were significantly lower than the national agricultural standards.
  • Ash has an inhibitory effect on Cu, Cd, Ni, Fe, Pb, Zn, etc. in soil elements, transforming them into inactive states to improve soil properties, and has an activating effect on valuable metal ions such as Fe and Zn.
  • coal-based slag is better than fly ash in inhibiting Cd, Mn, and Ni, while fly ash is better than slag in inhibiting Cr, Pb, and Cu.
  • addition of ash and slag significantly increases the permeability coefficient of coal-based soil and improves its water seepage performance; adding slag improves the solid phase skeleton of coal-based soil.
  • quicklime The main component of quicklime is calcium oxide. After absorbing water, it becomes mature lime calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2. When the soil acidifies, quicklime can be added to the fertilizer to adjust, reduce soil acidity, and improve soil pH.
  • Organic matter includes straw, livestock and poultry manure, chaff, fungus cultivation waste and humus, etc. Its function is to enhance the nutrients of the soil.
  • the fine slag and powder obtained after the ore is screened by a high gradient magnetic separator are called tailings.
  • the iron tailings contain a small amount of magnetite, which can be used to prepare magnetized compound fertilizer after magnetization;
  • the magnesium tailings contain a small amount of FeO, CaO, MgO and SiO2 , etc., and soil conditioners can be prepared according to different needs;
  • thirdly In terms of manganese tailings, in addition to containing a small amount of manganese, the tailings usually also contain P 2 O 5 , SO 4 2- , Cl - , MgO and CaO, etc.
  • Urea can be added according to actual requirements to make a Compound fertilizer: Molybdenum tailings are mixed with fly ash to prepare fertilizer, which is an excellent fertilizer for molybdenum-deficient soil. While increasing agricultural production, it can also greatly reduce the incidence of esophageal cancer.
  • Phosphogypsum Utilizes the solid waste produced in the wet phosphoric acid process, called phosphogypsum.
  • Phosphogypsum also contains incompletely decomposed phosphate rock, which is acidic with a pH value generally between 1 and 4.5. It usually contains phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, silicon, zinc, magnesium, iron and other nutrients needed for crop growth, and can replace gypsum. Used as an amendment for saline-alkali soil to eliminate hard crust on the soil surface, reduce soil stickiness, increase soil permeability, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and increase soil fertility.
  • long-acting nitrogen fertilizer with low hygroscopicity and higher fertilizer efficiency than urea can be made by mixing phosphogypsum and urea under high humidity and then drying.
  • Phosphogypsum and limestone in soil-making raw materials contain a large amount of Ca 2+ ions, especially phosphogypsum, which is a solid waste produced in the wet phosphoric acid process. 90% of the component is calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O).
  • the components of phosphogypsum also contain incompletely decomposed phosphate rock, residual phosphoric acid, acid-insoluble matter, organic matter, etc., which act as an acid-base neutralizer for alkaline soil.
  • Alkalized soil contains relatively high amounts of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. Usually the pH of the soil is >8.5, and sometimes even pH >10, making it almost impossible for crops to grow.
  • the principle is to use the Ca 2+ ions to react with sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate in the soil to generate insoluble calcium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, slightly soluble calcium phosphate and easily water-soluble calcium sulfate.
  • the alkalinity of the soil in the cultivated layer is gradually reduced by leaching through soil plowing and irrigation processes, or settling to the bottom layer.
  • the alkalinity can be neutralized in 3 years, achieving the purpose of improving the soil.
  • the main components of municipal sludge and river and lake sediments are soluble organic matter, microorganisms, insoluble inorganic matter and some organic nutrients that need to be consumed by biomass; the use of microorganisms and organic matter in sludge can provide nutrients to the soil.
  • Lignite is one of the carbon sources, and the use of composite bacteria to degrade lignite will have a better effect, and the yield of humic acid will increase.
  • Coal humic acid as an organic colloid, can promote the formation of soil aggregates, improve the structure of the soil, and improve the quality of the soil.
  • Organism content increase the content of available nutrients, and enhance the activity of soil microorganisms; the application of lignite humic acid also has a good effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
  • blast furnace slag and slag used in iron and steel metallurgy include: A1 2 O 3 , FeO, CaO, SiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , MgO, Y 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , MnO, P 2 O 5 etc., according to needs, ash and sludge are added to produce steel slag phosphate fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. It is a quick-acting and stamina compound mineral fertilizer that is mainly composed of calcium and silicon and contains a variety of nutrients.
  • the particle size of the artificial soil is A; A ⁇ 500 ⁇ m.
  • the coal-based soil residual carbon loss on ignition can be separated, so that the residual carbon component of each particle size product basically decreases as the particle size decreases.
  • the content of residual carbon in coal-based soil shows a downward trend as the particle size decreases, indicating that it has irreplaceable advantages for soil improvement and restoration.
  • products of each particle size usually contain more silicon oxide, Aluminum oxide, iron oxide and calcium and magnesium; in terms of microscopic shape, the prepared soil is mainly composed of porous system matrix, irregular particles, adherent loose powder and beads, and has good catalytic function, processability, low hardness, Low thermal expansion properties.
  • the range of A is: 100 ⁇ m ⁇ A ⁇ 500 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size of the artificial soil is 100 ⁇ m, 101 ⁇ m, 102 ⁇ m, 103 ⁇ m, 104 ⁇ m, 105 ⁇ m, 106 ⁇ m, 107 ⁇ m, 108 ⁇ m, 109 ⁇ m, 110 ⁇ m, 120 ⁇ m, 130 ⁇ m, 140 ⁇ m, 150 ⁇ m, 160 ⁇ m, 170 ⁇ m, 180 ⁇ m, 190 ⁇ m ⁇ 200 ⁇ m , 220 ⁇ m, 240 ⁇ m, 260 ⁇ m, 280 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m, 320 ⁇ m, 340 ⁇ m, 360 ⁇ m, 380 ⁇ m, 400 ⁇ m, 420 ⁇ m, 440 ⁇ m, 460 ⁇ m, 480 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m or any value between any two values.
  • the pore structure of coal-based soil is relatively developed, and the specific surface area is very rich. Products with a particle size of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m can not only be directly used as high-quality adsorption materials, but also are very rare energy storage, gas and water storage materials. Among coal-based soil products of various particle sizes, The existence of rich porosity greatly increases the contact area between particles, nutrients and air during soil plowing and cultivation, thus promoting the growth of crops.
  • the electrical conductivity of the soil is 1.0-2.5 mS/cm.
  • the conductivity of the soil is 1.0mS/cm, 1.1mS/cm, 1.2mS/cm, 1.3mS/cm, 1.4mS/cm, 1.5mS/cm, 1.6mS/cm, 1.7mS/cm , 1.8mS/cm, 1.9mS/cm, 2.0mS/cm, 2.1mS/cm, 2.2mS/cm, 2.3mS/cm, 2.4mS/cm, 2.5mS/cm or any value between any two values .
  • a method for preparing artificial magnetic soil as described above is provided.
  • the method includes: (1) mixing the above proportions of gasifier ash, lignite, iron tailings, magnesium tailings, metallurgical slag, phosphogypsum, lignite, quicklime and organic matter, crushing and then mixing Add fly ash and heat to obtain porous materials; (2) Sterilize and carbonize the above-mentioned portions of municipal sludge, river and lake sediments and organic matter to obtain biochar materials; (3) Combine porous materials, biochar materials and artificial Zeolites are mixed and sieved to obtain fermentation precursor materials; (4) the fermentation precursor materials are mixed with fermentation conditioners, and aerobic fermentation is performed to obtain the artificial magnetic soil.
  • Coal-based soil products of various particle sizes produced at high temperatures are internally porous and light-weight, and can be used in sandy soil and saline-alkali soil. They can not only loosen soil, break salt spots, block salt precipitation, but also provide Soil microbial flora provides a good parasitic environment, promotes the reproduction of beneficial soil microbial flora, and improves the biodegradability improvement and repair of saline-alkali soil.
  • the heating conditions are: temperature 200-600 degrees, time 0.5-2h.
  • the heating temperature is 150-200°C.
  • the heating temperature is 150°C, 151°C, 152°C, 153°C, 154°C, 155°C, 156°C, 157°C, 158°C, 159°C, 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C °C or any value between any two values.
  • the heating time is 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.7h, 0.8h, 0.9h, 1h, 1.1h, 1.2h, 1.3h, 1.4h, 1.5h, 1.6h, 1.7h, 1.8h, 1.9h , 2h or any value between any two values.
  • the carbonization conditions are: temperature 200-260°C, time 0.5-2h.
  • the carbonization temperature is 200°C, 201°C, 202°C, 203°C, 204°C, 205°C, 206°C, 207°C, 208°C, 209°C, 210°C, 220°C, 230°C, 240°C, 250°C °C, 260°C or any value between any two values.
  • the carbonization time is 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.7h, 0.8h, 0.9h, 1h, 1.1h, 1.2h, 1.3h, 1.4h, 1.5h, 1.6h, 1.7h, 1.8h, 1.9h , 2h or any value between any two values.
  • the aerobic fermentation conditions are: humidity is 20% to 50%, temperature is 20 to 35 degrees, and time is 7 to 15 days.
  • the humidity is 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 40%, 50% or any two values. any value between.
  • the temperature of aerobic fermentation is 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 33 °C, 34°C, 35°C or any value between any two values.
  • the time of aerobic fermentation is 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days or any value between any two values.
  • the dry mass ratio of the fermentation precursor material to the aerobic bacteria is 5-9:5-1.
  • the dry mass ratio of the fermentation precursor material to the aerobic bacteria is 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, 9:1 or any ratio between any two ratios.
  • the humidity is maintained at 20% to 50%.
  • the humidity is maintained at 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or any two values any value in between.
  • the particle size of the porous material is ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size of the porous material is 1 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m, 80 ⁇ m, 90 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 110 ⁇ m, 120 ⁇ m, 130 ⁇ m, 140 ⁇ m, 150 ⁇ m, 160 ⁇ m, 170 ⁇ m, 180 ⁇ m, 190 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ m or any value between any two values.
  • the particle size of the biochar material is ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size of the biochar material is 1 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m, 80 ⁇ m, 90 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 110 ⁇ m, 120 ⁇ m, 130 ⁇ m, 140 ⁇ m, 150 ⁇ m, 160 ⁇ m, 170 ⁇ m, 180 ⁇ m. , 190 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ m or any value between any two values.
  • the diameter of the artificial zeolite is 0.5-5cm.
  • the diameter of the artificial zeolite is 0.5cm, 0.6cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 0.9cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm or any value between any two values.
  • Artificial zeolite molecular sieves can well adsorb heavy metal ions and other harmful ions, such as: copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium, manganese, mercury, iron, etc.
  • the order of adsorption capacity for Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn is Pb>Cu Cd>Zn.
  • Raw materials such as ash, municipal sludge, river and lake bottom mud, fungus cultivation waste and humus usually contain a small amount of heavy metals and trace amounts of radioactive elements, which can be removed by molecular sieve adsorption.
  • artificial zeolite molecular sieves for heavy metals increases as the temperature increases, and its rapid adsorption process for heavy metals can be completed within 30 to 60 minutes; artificial zeolite molecular sieves have the structure and characteristics of crystals, with a solid skeleton on the surface and pores inside. to adsorbed molecules. There are channels connecting the holes, and molecules pass through the channels. Due to the clean nature of the pores, molecular sieves have a very uniform pore size distribution. Molecular sieves selectively adsorb molecules based on the size of the pores inside their crystals, that is, they adsorb molecules of a certain size and reject molecules of larger substances.
  • the above-mentioned portions of gasifier ash, lignite, iron tailings, magnesium tailings, metallurgical slag, phosphogypsum, lignite, quicklime and organic matter are mixed and pulverized into fine particles with a particle size of ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • the pulverized mixture is leached to leach out the salt to avoid causing soil salinization again; after leaching, it is treated at a high temperature of 200 to 600 degrees.
  • the particles are porous inside.
  • the ceramsite has no Nitrogen, sulfur and other components, mineral metals will generate oxide components after being heated at high temperatures. No heavy metals are precipitated during use, which is safe and environmentally friendly. It will then cool down naturally. Do not allow the residual heat ash to get wet, otherwise highly toxic carbon monoxide will be released. , to prevent poisoning.
  • municipal sludge, river and lake bottom sludge and other organic matter are sterilized to prevent the survival of viruses; then carbonized at a temperature of 150 to 230 degrees to make biochar, which is ground into powder with a particle size of ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • porous materials, biochar materials and artificial zeolite molecular sieves are mixed and stirred for 30 to 120 minutes; heavy metals in the raw materials are adsorbed to achieve the purpose of removing heavy metals.
  • the artificial zeolite molecular sieve into a spherical shape with a diameter of 0.5 to 5 cm, soak it in the agent for 30 minutes, and then clean and dry it.
  • the screening refers to removing artificial zeolite after adsorbing heavy metals.
  • the artificial zeolite after adsorbing heavy metals is regenerated.
  • the fermentation precursor material is sprayed with water and the humidity is maintained at 30% to 50%.
  • aerobic bacteria are added to the fermentation precursor material with a humidity of 30% to 50%, placed in a stacking tank for aerobic fermentation, and stirred regularly.
  • artificial zeolite molecular sieves exchanges the available elements in coal-based soil with K, Na, Ca, Mg and other ions needed by crops, playing an indirect role as agricultural fertilizer.
  • artificial zeolite molecular sieves can also adsorb dihydroamine and other substances, and then formulate slow-release agents required for agricultural fertilizers; in terms of the role of nitrogen fertilizers, fertility has been greatly improved, and the actual utilization rate of chemical fertilizers has also been doubled. , and the validity period of nitrogen fertilizer has been extended; from the perspective of crop nutritional status, artificial zeolite molecular sieves improve soil properties while increasing crop growth vitality.
  • the incorporation of coal-based soil improves the ability of crops to resist viruses, ultimately achieving the goal of increasing production and income.
  • the removal of heavy metals is divided into two stages: the first stage, the heavy metals in the raw materials are removed during the process of making soil and fertilizer from coal-based soil; the second stage, during the plowing and mixing debugging of coal-based soil and agricultural and forestry soil, the heavy metals are removed Heavy metals in saline-alkali land.
  • the artificial magnetic soil prepared by this process contains ammonia nitrogen.
  • the alkalinity (calculated as calcium carbonate) required for nitrifying bacteria to convert 1g ammonia nitrogen in the nitrification reaction is 7.14. g, therefore, during the soil plowing and irrigation processes, the pH in the mixed solution is promoted to decrease, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the soil pH.
  • phosphogypsum cultivates salt-alkali-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms) in the anaerobic environment of the soil making process.
  • Phosphate solubilizing bacteria can also secrete lactic acid, succinic acid, formic acid and propionic acid, among which propionic acid and oxalic acid are the main organic acids used by salt-alkali tolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria to dissolve tricalcium phosphate. Therefore, a decrease in soil pH alkalinity is achieved.
  • an artificial magnetic compound fertilizer is provided.
  • the artificial magnetic compound fertilizer includes any of the artificial magnetic soils described above.
  • additives are also included; the additives include at least one of rare elements, diamine phosphate, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and urea.
  • the mass ratio of the artificial magnetic soil and additives is 5: (0.5 ⁇ 2).
  • the mass ratio of the artificial magnetic soil and additives is 5:0.5, 5:0.6, 5:0.7, 5:0.8, 5:0.9, 5:1, 5:2 or any two ratios. Any ratio.
  • the mass ratio of the artificial magnetic soil and additives is 5:1.
  • the magnetism in the artificial magnetic compound fertilizer can stimulate the growth of crops, activate the soil, and improve the absorption of nutrients in the soil by the crop roots.
  • This artificial magnetic compound fertilizer/soil has relatively complete nutrients. In addition to the nutrient components of N, P, and K fertilizers, it also contains crops such as Si, Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, B, Zn, Mn, and Cu. Required trace elements and essential nutrients.
  • This artificial magnetic compound fertilizer/soil has a significant improvement effect on desertified land and saline-alkali land; it can promote growth and increase production of crops such as ryegrass, alfalfa, Elaeagnus angustifolia, oil sand beans, and Shatawang.
  • This application prepares artificial magnetic compound fertilizer and soil for soil remediation and ecological management using bulk solid waste, in which the content of coal-based solid waste reaches more than 30% (that is, more than 30% of fly ash is added to the artificial soil and chemical fertilizer).
  • gasification furnace slag, municipal sludge and tailings a group of plant species suitable for in-situ soil remediation were screened out, and a series of soil and fertilizer production technology models were formed to control sandy land and saline-alkali land, thus breaking through the bulk of the application at the application level.
  • Key technical bottlenecks in solid waste recycling With the promotion and application of the project, obvious economic and social benefits will be achieved.
  • Industrial solid waste such as fly ash, gasification furnace slag, phosphogypsum, iron tailings, and metallurgical slag are accumulated in large quantities, occupying land resources, and posing a dangerous situation to environmental pollution; at the same time, they are faced with a lack of theoretical research and low resource utilization rate , difficulty in governance and many other bottleneck issues.
  • the present invention explores and practices a complete set of technologies for ecological management of bulk solid waste, and carries out research on key technologies for soil ecological restoration corresponding to soil production and fertilizer production, especially the preparation of soil and chemical fertilizers from coal-based solid waste for use in desertified land, saline-alkali land and polluted land.
  • the mass content of nitrogen is 1-1.5%; the mass content of phosphorus is 0.01-0.2%; the mass content of potassium is 0.2-3.3%; the mass content of the magnetized medium (magnetic tailings) The content is 2% to 5%.
  • the artificial magnetic soil includes C content 40%-45%, H content 40%-45%, O content 4%-6%, N content 1%-1.5%, P content 0.01-0.2%, K Content 0.2 ⁇ 3.3%, S content 0.05% ⁇ 0.1%, Ca content 0.1% ⁇ 0.5%, Mg content 0.1% ⁇ 0.2%, Cl content 0.005% ⁇ 0.01%, Fe content 0.005% ⁇ 0.02%, Mn content 0.001% ⁇ 0.005%, B content 0.001% ⁇ 0.002%, Zn content 0.001% ⁇ 0.002%, Cu content 0 ⁇ 0.0006% and Mo content 0 ⁇ 0.00001%.
  • the artificial magnetic soil of the present application has certain magnetism and has a probability of forming an electromagnetic field, which can induce the electronic transition of some elements in plant tissues (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium and other trace elements) to produce ultraviolet- Visibly absorbs light, thereby enhancing the plant's ability to absorb light and promoting the photosynthesis of the plant; the artificial magnetic soil of the present application may also promote the mitochondria in the cells to accelerate energy conversion, enhance the metabolic capacity of the plant, accelerate the formation of proteins, and ultimately enhance Germination and growth of plants; in addition, it is possible to increase the infrared light waves emitted by energy radiation during photosynthesis of plants (far infrared rays with a wavelength of 8 to 14 ⁇ m in sunlight waves are indispensable during the growth of life and are indispensable for biological survival.
  • plant tissues such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium and other trace elements
  • the artificial magnetic soil of this application may also induce the growth of plants in saline-alkali soils.
  • the polarity of water molecules causes the water molecules to vibrate, accelerating the decomposition of salt particles, thereby changing the chemical composition of the salt, further degrading the "salt" in the saline-alkali land, and ultimately improving the saline-alkali land.
  • the artificial magnetic soil of this application through the mutual cooperation of various components, fly ash and lignite can aggregate heavy metals in saline-alkali land or desertified land, and phosphogypsum and limestone can interact with the alkali after removing heavy metals in saline-alkali land for sedimentation.
  • the tailings decompose the salt that cannot settle in the saline-alkali land, and use artificial zeolite to adsorb the above-mentioned heavy metals and settled alkali, which greatly reduces the salinity of the soil.
  • each component of the saline-alkali land are broken down individually, and finally adsorbed together, so that for The improvement of saline-alkali land is more efficient and orderly; sludge, organic matter and metallurgical slag are used to supplement fertilizers.
  • Fly ash and lignite can also preserve water and air to a certain extent, making the subsequent improvement of saline-alkali land more effective and achieving subsequent
  • the basic conditions for plant growth, and tailings can also have an additional promoting effect on plant growth; therefore, in the artificial magnetic soil of the present application, each component supports each other and promotes each other, and is indispensable, and jointly acts on sandy land and /or saline soil.
  • an application of the artificial magnetic soil as described above in sandy land and/or saline-alkali land there is provided an application of the artificial magnetic soil as described above in sandy land and/or saline-alkali land.
  • This application provides an artificial magnetic soil, which uses ash, sludge and other organic matter to be scientifically proportioned to make soil and fertilizer, and is used to improve sandy land and saline-alkali soil, improve regional soil sandy land and saline-alkali properties, and improve plant growth. Survival rate; saving landfill and storage costs of ash and sludge; reducing water and air pollution, and restoring the ecological environment. It can achieve the special effects of "treating waste with waste”, “treating waste with waste to control each other", and turning double harm into double benefit. It can better achieve the combination of environmental benefits and economic benefits, and has the comprehensive significance of "carbon emission reduction”.
  • This application uses the exchange performance of artificial zeolite molecular sieves and its metal ion adsorption performance to remove heavy metals and radioactive elements from raw materials such as ash, municipal sludge, river and lake sediments, fungus cultivation waste materials, and humus, thereby improving soil quality.
  • coal-based soil products of various particle sizes produced at high temperatures can loosen the soil, break up salt spots, and block salt precipitation. They can also provide a good parasitic environment for soil microbial flora, promote the reproduction of soil beneficial microbial flora, and increase salt content. Biodegradable improvement and remediation of alkaline soils.
  • the gasifier ash comes from the coal gasifier, Ningxia Coal Group
  • Municipal sludge comes from municipal sewage treatment plant, Gaobeidian sewage treatment plant;
  • the bottom mud of rivers and lakes comes from the mud at the bottom of rivers and lakes treatment, the North Canal in Beijing;
  • the iron tailings come from the iron ore dressing plant, Hebei Hongshan Iron Ore Dressing Plant;
  • Magnesium tailings come from the magnesium ore dressing plant, Hebei Xingtai Magnesite Magnesite Plant;
  • Metallurgical slag comes from metallurgical furnaces, Hebei Zhongxing Smelting Co., Ltd.;
  • Phosphogypsum comes from Guizhou Derifeng Technology Co., Ltd.;
  • Lignite comes from Jilin Shengfu Coal Distribution Co., Ltd.;
  • Organic matter comes from agricultural straw, livestock and poultry manure and food waste;
  • the aerobic strains come from Biwofeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., COWV fertilizer-fixing bacteria.
  • the gasifier ash is 16 parts
  • the fly ash is 8 parts
  • the municipal sludge is 20 parts
  • the river and lake sediment is 6 parts
  • the artificial zeolite is 15 parts
  • the iron tailings are 6 parts
  • the magnesium tailings are 7 parts
  • the metallurgical melting 4 parts of slag 3 parts of phosphogypsum, 1.5 parts of lignite, 4 parts of quicklime, and 12 parts of organic matter.
  • the above-mentioned gasifier ash, lignite, iron tailings, magnesium tailings, metallurgical slag, phosphogypsum, lignite, quicklime and organic matter are crushed into fine particles with a particle size of 150 ⁇ m, and mixed with fly ash and gypsum powder;
  • Municipal sludge and river and lake bottom mud are dried and disposed;
  • the artificial zeolite molecular sieve is made into a spherical shape with a diameter of 2cm, soaked in chemicals for 30 minutes, then cleaned and dried for later use;
  • the crushed mixture is rinsed to extract the salt to avoid causing soil salinization again; after leaching, it is treated at a high temperature of 180 degrees; municipal sludge, river and lake bottom mud and other organic matter are sterilized to prevent the survival of viruses; Then carry out carbonization treatment at a temperature of 200 degrees to make biochar, grind it into powder with a particle size of 150 ⁇ m; mix porous materials, biochar materials and artificial zeolite molecular sieves for 60 minutes to adsorb heavy metals in the raw materials.
  • the artificial zeolite molecular sieve with large particles after adsorption of heavy metals is removed to obtain the fermentation precursor material.
  • the fermentation precursor material is sprayed with water and the humidity is maintained at 40%.
  • artificial soil includes C content 40%, H content 40%, O content 4%, N content 1%, P content 0.1%, K content 0.1%, S content 0.05%, Ca content 0.1%, Mg content 0.1%, Cl content is 0.005%, Fe content is 0.005%, Mn content is 0.001%, B content is 0.001%, Zn content is 0.001%, Cu content is 0.0006% and Mo content is 0.00001%; the content of magnetizing medium is 4.8%.
  • the gasifier ash is 21 parts
  • fly ash is 4 parts
  • municipal sludge is 13 parts
  • river and lake mud is 12 parts
  • artificial zeolite is 10 parts
  • iron tailings 2.5 parts magnesium tailings 2.5 parts
  • metallurgical melting 4 parts of slag 3 parts of phosphogypsum
  • 1.5 parts of lignite 4 parts of quicklime, and 12 parts of organic matter.
  • the above-mentioned gasifier ash, lignite, iron tailings, magnesium tailings, metallurgical slag, phosphogypsum, lignite, quicklime and organic matter are crushed into fine particles with a particle size of 150 ⁇ m, and mixed with fly ash and gypsum powder;
  • Municipal sludge and river and lake bottom mud are dried and disposed;
  • the artificial zeolite molecular sieve is made into a spherical shape with a diameter of 2cm, soaked in chemicals for 30 minutes, then cleaned and dried for later use;
  • the crushed mixture is rinsed to extract the salt to avoid causing soil salinization again; after leaching, it is treated at a high temperature of 180 degrees; municipal sludge, river and lake bottom mud and other organic matter are sterilized to prevent the survival of viruses; Then perform carbonization treatment at a temperature of 200 degrees to make biochar, which is ground into powder with a particle size of 150 ⁇ m; the porous material, biochar material and artificial zeolite molecular sieve are mixed and stirred for 60 minutes to adsorb heavy metals in the raw materials.
  • the artificial zeolite molecular sieve with large particles after adsorption of heavy metals is removed to obtain the fermentation precursor material.
  • the fermentation precursor material is sprayed with water and the humidity is maintained at 40%.
  • artificial soil includes C content 43.4%, H content 44.6%, O content 5.1%, N content 1.26%, P content 0.18%, K content 2.11%, S content 0.08%, Ca content 0.4%, Mg content 0.32%, Cl content is 0.009%, Fe content is 0.0062%, Mn content is 0.0035%, B content is 0.0015%, Zn content is 0.0013%, Cu content is 0.0002%, and Mo content is 0.000001%; the content of the magnetized medium is 4.1%.
  • Gasifier ash and slag are 23 parts, fly ash is 6 parts, municipal sludge is 15 parts, river and lake mud is 15 parts, artificial zeolite is 10 parts, iron tailings 5 parts, magnesium tailings 5 parts, metallurgical melting 5 parts of slag, 2 parts of phosphogypsum, 2 parts of lignite, 3 parts of quicklime, and 9 parts of organic matter.
  • the crushed mixture is rinsed to extract the salt to avoid causing soil salinization again; after leaching, it is treated at a high temperature of 200 degrees; municipal sludge, river and lake bottom mud and other organic matter are sterilized to prevent the survival of viruses; Then perform carbonization treatment at a temperature of 250 degrees to make biochar, which is ground into powder with a particle size of 180 ⁇ m; porous materials, biochar materials and artificial zeolite molecular sieves are mixed and stirred for 120 minutes to adsorb heavy metals in the raw materials.
  • the artificial zeolite molecular sieve with large particles after adsorption of heavy metals is removed to obtain the fermentation precursor material.
  • the fermentation precursor material is sprayed with water and the humidity is maintained at 50%.
  • artificial soil includes C content 42.6%, H content 41.3%, O content 4.6%, N content 1.2%, P content 0.13%, K content 0.29%, S content 0.08%, Ca content 0.26%, Mg content 0.15%, Cl content is 0.009%, Fe content is 0.012%, Mn content is 0.0024%, B content is 0.0018%, Zn content is 0.0015%, Cu content is 0.0002%, and Mo content is 0.00001%; the content of magnetizing medium is 4.3%.
  • the gasifier ash is 30 parts
  • the fly ash is 3 parts
  • the municipal sludge is 10 parts
  • the river and lake sediment is 10 parts
  • the artificial zeolite is 20 parts
  • the iron tailings are 3 parts
  • the magnesium tailings are 4 parts
  • the metallurgical melting 5 parts of slag, 5 parts of phosphogypsum, 1 part of lignite, 5 parts of quicklime, and 6 parts of organic matter.
  • the above-mentioned gasifier ash, lignite, iron tailings, magnesium tailings, metallurgical slag, phosphogypsum, lignite, quicklime and organic matter are crushed into fine particles with a particle size of 160 ⁇ m, and mixed with fly ash and gypsum powder;
  • Municipal sludge and river and lake bottom mud are dried and disposed;
  • the artificial zeolite molecular sieve is made into a spherical shape with a diameter of 4cm, soaked in chemicals for 30 minutes, then cleaned and dried for later use;
  • the crushed mixture is rinsed to extract the salt to avoid causing soil salinization again; after leaching, it is treated at a high temperature of 150 degrees; municipal sludge, river and lake bottom mud and other organic matter are sterilized to prevent the survival of viruses; Then perform carbonization treatment at a temperature of 220 degrees to make biochar, which is ground into powder with a particle size of 200 ⁇ m;
  • the fermentation precursor material is sprayed with water and the humidity is maintained at 30%.
  • the artificial soil includes C content 43.3%, H content 42.1%, O content 5.3%, N content 1.46%, P content 0.16%, K content 0.56%, S content 0.1%, Ca content 0.42%, Mg content 0.1%, Cl content is 0.009%, Fe content is 0.011%, Mn content is 0.003%, B content is 0.0013%, Zn content is 0.0016%, Cu content is 0.0002% and Mo content is 0.00001%; the content of magnetizing medium is 4.1%.
  • Example 1 It is roughly the same as Example 1, except that there are no iron tailings, magnesium tailings and metallurgical slag. Other steps and parameters are consistent with Example 1.
  • the artificial soil includes C content 40.2%, H content 40.6%, O content 2.3%, N content 1.2%, P content 0.016%, K content 0.11%, S content 0.043%, Ca content 0.06%, Mg content 0.009%, Cl content is 0.0003%, Fe content is 0.0002%, Mn content is 0.00006%, B content is 0.0005%, Zn content is 0.0006%, Cu content is 0.0001%, and Mo content is 0.00001%; the content of magnetizing medium is 0%.
  • Example 1 It is roughly the same as Example 1, except that there is no artificial zeolite, and other steps and parameters are consistent with Example 1.
  • the artificial soil includes C content 42.9%, H content 41.3%, O content 4.6%, N content 1.9%, P content 0.24%, K content 0.22%, S content 0.09%, Ca content 0.9%, Mg content 0.89%, Cl content is 0.6%, Fe content is 1.6%, Mn content is 0.%, B content is 0.9%, Zn content is 0.21%, Cu content is 0.56%, and Mo content is 0.089%; the content of magnetizing medium is 5%.
  • the artificial magnetic soil of the present invention can better promote the germination of seeds and the growth of plants. This is because the artificial magnetic soil of the present application effectively reduces the pH of the soil through the mutual matching of various components. and the electrical conductivity of the soil, which can remove heavy metals in saline-alkali soil and reduce the degree of saline-alkalinity. Due to the larger particle size, the water and gas retention performance of the entire soil in Example 2 is slightly reduced, resulting in plant parameters slightly worse than other implementations. example.
  • Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are far from achieving the effect of the artificial magnetic soil of the present application due to the lack of some elements, that is, the content of heavy metal removal is limited or the degree of salinity reduction is limited, and there are many factors that are not conducive to plant development and growth. , thus greatly reducing the survival rate of seeds and the growth of plants; in addition, the artificial magnetic soil of the present application also contains sludge, organic matter and other components necessary for plants, which can further promote the growth of seeds and the development of plants.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种人工磁性土壤及其制备方法和应用，所述人工土壤的原料包括：气化炉灰渣为15～30份，粉煤灰为3～10份，市政污泥为10～20份，河湖底泥为5～15份，人工沸石为10～20份，铁尾矿2～7份，镁尾矿1～7份，冶金熔渣1～5份，磷石膏1～5份，褐煤为1～2份，生石灰3～5份，有机质为5～12份。本申请利用灰渣、污泥及其他有机质制土制肥，能够改善地区土壤沙化地和盐碱性状，提高植物成活率；节约灰渣、污泥的填埋堆置费用；降低水体、大气污染，恢复生态环境。可以达到"以废治退"、"废退互治"、变双害为双利的特殊功效，能更好地实现环境效益与经济效益相结合，并且具有"碳减排"的综合意义。

Description

一种人工磁性土壤及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及工业固废及有机质回收再利用技术领域，具体涉及一种人工磁性土壤及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着人类社会经济的不断发展，矿产资源需求量越来越大。随着矿产资源的不断开采、资源贫乏也日益突出，然而，工业固废呈几何级增长，其可利用成分较高，因此，合理处置并利用废弃的固体物已成为人们的共识。而工业灰渣的资源化，是固废资源化的重要环节。随着我国经济的发展，我国灰渣数量与日俱增，长期堆存会占用大量土地，还严重污染生态环境。目前，我国年产灰渣数亿吨，城市污泥超过3000万吨，巨大的固废资源产生量仅依靠填埋或有序堆置处理，远远得不到对固废的有效解决，最终造成地下水、大气的环境污染。
另外，我国有各类沙化地和盐碱地约1亿hm 2，其中现代(活性)沙化地和盐碱化土地约0.37亿hm 2，残余沙化地和盐碱土地0.45亿hm 2，及潜在沙化地和盐碱化土地0.17亿hm 2，在我国还有的80％的沙化地和盐碱地尚未得到开发利用。
因此，如何通过灰渣、污泥的资源化利用，用于改良沙化地和盐碱土地，是目前急需研究的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种人工磁性土壤，利用灰渣、污泥及其他有机质科学配比制土制肥，配施改良沙化地和盐碱化土，改善地区土壤沙化地和盐碱性状，提高植物成活率；节约灰渣、污泥的填埋堆置费用；降低水体、大气污染，恢复生态环境。可以达到“以废治退”、“废退互治”、变双害为双利的特殊功效，能更好地实现环境效益与经济效益相结合，并且具有“碳减排”的综合意义。
根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种人工磁性土壤，所述人工土壤的原料包括：气化炉灰渣为15～30份，粉煤灰为3～10份，市政污泥为10～20份，河湖底泥为5～15份，人工沸石为10～20份，铁尾矿2～7份，镁尾矿1～7份，冶金熔 渣1～5份，磷石膏1～5份，褐煤为1～2份，生石灰3～5份，有机质为5～12份。
可选地，气化炉灰渣为15份、16份、17份、18份、19份、20份、21份、22份、23份、24份、25份、26份、27份、28份、29份、30份或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，粉煤灰为3份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，市政污泥为10份、11份、12份、13份、14份、15份、16份、17份、18份、19份、20份或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，河湖底泥为5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份、11份、12份、13份、14份、15份或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，人工沸石为10份、11份、12份、13份、14份、15份、16份、17份、18份、19份、20份或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，铁尾矿为2份、3份、4份、5份、6份、7份或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，镁尾矿为1份、2份、3份、4份、5份、6份、7份或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，冶金熔渣为1份、2份、3份、4份、5份或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，磷石膏为1份、2份、3份、4份、5份或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，褐煤为1份、1.1份、1.2份、1.3份、1.4份、1.5份、1.6份、1.7份、1.8份、1.9份、2份或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，生石灰为3份、3.1份、3.2份、3.3份、3.4份、3.5份、3.6份、3.7份、3.8份、3.9份、4份、4.1份、4.2份、4.3份、4.4份、4.5份、4.6份、4.7份、4.8份、4.9份、5份或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，有机质为5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份、11份、12份或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
煤基土壤中元素有效态组分含量，随炉渣比例变化而变化，所有配比的煤基土壤有机质、有效氮磷钾的含量达到国家标准肥力的要求。经检测煤基土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd、Mn、Ni、Pb等重金属含量均明显低于国家农用标准。灰渣对土壤元素中的Cu、Cd、Ni、Fe、Pb、Zn等有抑化作用，使其向无效态转化从 而改善土壤性状，对Fe、Zn等有价值金属离子则有活化作用。实验表明煤系炉渣对Cd、Mn、Ni的抑化作用好于粉煤灰，而粉煤灰对Cr、Pb、Cu的抑制化优于炉渣。实验表明灰渣的加入，使得煤基土壤的渗透系数明显增大，提高了其渗水性能；添加炉渣提高了煤基土壤的固相骨架，骨架内部有宽狭和形状不同的孔隙，构成复杂的孔隙系统，水和空气共存并充满于土壤孔隙系统中。
生石灰主要成分为氧化钙，吸收水分后，即成熟石灰氢氧化钙Ca(OH) 2，当土壤酸化可在肥料中掺入生石灰来调节，降低土壤酸度，改善土壤的pH值。
有机质包含秸秆、畜禽粪便、糟糠、菌类栽培废弃料和腐殖质等，其作用在于增强土壤的营养物质。
利用矿石经高梯度磁选机筛选后的细渣及粉末，称为尾矿。首先铁尾矿含少量磁铁矿，经磁化后，制备磁化复合肥；其次看镁尾矿，其中含少量的FeO、CaO、MgO和SiO 2等，可根据不同的需要制备土壤改良剂；再次从锰尾矿来说，除含少量的锰外，尾矿中通常还会含P 2O 5、SO 4 2-、Cl -、MgO和CaO等，可根据实际要求掺加尿素，制作一种复合肥；将钼尾矿掺加粉煤灰制备肥料，对于缺钼的土壤来说是极好的化肥，在提高农业增产的同时，还可以大大地降低食道癌的发病率。
利用湿法磷酸工艺中产生的固体废弃物，称为磷石膏。磷石膏还含有未完全分解的磷矿，呈酸性，pH值一般在1～4.5，通常情况下含有作物生长所需的磷、硫、钙、硅、锌、镁、铁等养分，可代替石膏用作盐碱土壤的改良剂，消除土壤表层硬壳、减轻土壤粘性、增加土壤渗透性、改良土壤理化性状、提高土壤肥力。一般地，将磷石膏和尿素在高湿度下混合，然后干燥，可制成吸湿性小而肥效比尿素高的长效氮肥。
制土原料中的磷石膏、石灰石中含有大量的Ca 2+离子，尤其是磷石膏，是湿法磷酸工艺中产生的固体废弃物，90％含量的组分是二水硫酸钙(CaSO 4·2H 2O)。磷石膏的组分还含有未完全分解的磷矿、残余的磷酸、酸不溶物、有机质等，对于碱性土壤，起到酸碱中和作用。碱化土壤含碳酸纳和碳酸氢纳比较高，通常情况土壤的pH﹥8.5,有时候甚至pH﹥10，导致农作物几乎无法生长。原理就是利用其中的Ca 2+离子和土壤中的碳酸氢纳和碳酸纳发生反应,从而生成不溶性的碳酸氢钙、碳酸钙，还有微溶的磷酸钙和易溶于水的硫酸钙，通过翻土、灌溉流程淋洗，或者沉降到底层,从而逐渐减低了耕层土壤的碱性，3年时间即可中和碱性，实现了改良土壤的目的。
市政污泥和河湖底泥成分主要是可溶解的有机物、微生物、不可溶解的无机物和一些生物质需要消耗的有机营养物质；其中利用污泥中的微生物和有机物可为土壤提供营养组分。
褐煤作为其中之一的碳源，采取复合菌降解褐煤效果更佳，腐植酸产率会增高；煤炭腐植酸作为一种有机胶体，可促进土壤团聚体的形成，改善土壤的结构，提高土壤的有机体含量，增加速效养分含量，增强土壤微生物的活性；施用褐煤腐植酸，对改善土壤理化性能也有着良好的作用。
利用钢铁冶金的高炉渣、熔渣，其主要化学组分包括：A1 2O 3、FeO、CaO、SiO 2、Fe 2O 3、MgO、Y 2O 5、TiO 2、MnO、P 2O 5等，根据需求掺加灰渣及污泥从而生产钢渣磷肥和钙镁磷肥，是一种以钙、硅为主，同时含有多种养分的具有速效和后劲的复合矿质肥料。
可选地，所述人工土壤的粒度为A；A≤500μm。
通过专业设备的分级工艺，可实现煤基土壤残碳烧失量的分离，使得各粒级产品残碳组分基本随粒级减小而减少。煤基土壤残碳的含量随粒级减小均呈下降趋势表明对土壤改良和修复具有不可替代的的优势，经检测，当粒度≤500μm时，各粒级产品通常含有较多的氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化铁及钙镁；就微观形状而言，制备的土壤主要由多孔体系基体、不规则颗粒、黏附松散粉末及粒珠构成，且具有良好的催化功能、可加工性能、低硬度、低热膨胀性能。
可选地，A的范围为：100μm≤A≤500μm。
可选地，所述人工土壤的粒度为100μm、101μm、102μm、103μm、104μm、105μm、106μm、107μm、108μm、109μm、110μm、120μm、130μm、140μm、150μm、160μm、170μm、180μm、190μm、200μm、220μm、240μm、260μm、280μm、300μm、320μm、340μm、360μm、380μm、400μm、420μm、440μm、460μm、480μm、500μm或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
煤基土壤孔隙结构比较发达，比表面积非常丰富，≥100μm粒级的产品，不但可直接作为优质的吸附材料，还是非常难得的储能储气储水材料；煤基土壤各粒级产品中由于丰富孔隙率的存在，在翻土耕作时使得颗粒与养分、空气的接触面积大大增加，从而促进了作物的生长。
可选地，所述土壤的电导率为1.0～2.5mS/cm。
可选地，所述土壤的电导率为1.0mS/cm、1.1mS/cm、1.2mS/cm、1.3mS/cm、1.4mS/cm、1.5mS/cm、1.6mS/cm、1.7mS/cm、1.8mS/cm、1.9mS/cm、2.0mS/cm、 2.1mS/cm、2.2mS/cm、2.3mS/cm、2.4mS/cm、2.5mS/cm或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
根据本申请的另一个方面，提供了一种制备如上所述人工磁性土壤的方法。
可选地，所述方法包括：(1)将上述份数的气化炉灰渣、褐煤、铁尾矿、镁尾矿、冶金熔渣、磷石膏、褐煤、生石灰和有机质混合、粉碎后掺入粉煤灰，加热，得到多孔材料；(2)将上述份数的市政污泥、河湖底泥和有机质灭菌、炭化，得到生物炭材料；(3)将多孔材料、生物炭材料和人工沸石混合、筛分，得到发酵前体材料；(4)将发酵前体材料与发酵调理剂混合，进行有氧发酵，得到所述人工磁性土壤。
经高温制得的各粒级煤基土壤产品，具备了内部多孔、质轻的特点，用于沙化地和盐碱土壤中，既能疏松土壤，打破盐斑、阻断盐析，又能为土壤微生物菌群提供良好的寄生环境，促进土壤有益微生物菌群的繁殖，提高盐碱土壤的可生化性改良和修复。
可选地，在步骤(1)中，所述加热的条件为：温度200～600度，时间0.5～2h。
可选地，所述加热温度为150～200℃。
可选地，加热温度为150℃、151℃、152℃、153℃、154℃、155℃、156℃、157℃、158℃、159℃、160℃、170℃、180℃、190℃、200℃或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，加热时间为0.5h、0.6h、0.7h、0.8h、0.9h、1h、1.1h、1.2h、1.3h、1.4h、1.5h、1.6h、1.7h、1.8h、1.9h、2h或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，在步骤(2)中，所述炭化的条件为：温度200～260℃，时间0.5～2h。
可选地，炭化温度为200℃、201℃、202℃、203℃、204℃、205℃、206℃、207℃、208℃、209℃、210℃、220℃、230℃、240℃、250℃、260℃或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，炭化时间为0.5h、0.6h、0.7h、0.8h、0.9h、1h、1.1h、1.2h、1.3h、1.4h、1.5h、1.6h、1.7h、1.8h、1.9h、2h或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，在步骤(4)中，所述有氧发酵的条件为：湿度为20％～50％，温度为20～35度，时间为7～15天。
可选地，湿度为20％、21％、22％、23％、24％、25％、26％、27％、28％、29％、30％、40％、50％或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，有氧发酵的温度为20℃、21℃、22℃、23℃、24℃、25℃、26℃、 27℃、28℃、29℃、30℃、31℃、32℃、33℃、34℃、35℃或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，有氧发酵的时间为7天、8天、9天、10天、11天、12天、13天、14天、15天或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，将发酵前体材料与好氧菌种的干质量比为5～9∶5～1。
可选地，将发酵前体材料与好氧菌种的干质量比为5:5、6:4、7:3、8:2、9:1或任意两个比值之间的任意比值。
可选地，将发酵前体材料与好氧菌种按照7:3(干质量比)比例混合，搅拌均匀，后装入水泥发酵槽。
可选地，有氧发酵后，湿度保持20％～50％。
可选地，湿度保持为20％、21％、22％、23％、24％、25％、26％、27％、28％、29％、30％、40％、50％或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，所述多孔材料的粒径≤200μm。
可选地，所述多孔材料的粒径为1μm、10μm、20μm、30μm、40μm、50μm、60μm、70μm、80μm、90μm、100μm、110μm、120μm、130μm、140μm、150μm、160μm、170μm、180μm、190μm、200μm或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，所述生物炭材料的粒径≤200μm。
可选地，所述生物炭材料的粒径为1μm、10μm、20μm、30μm、40μm、50μm、60μm、70μm、80μm、90μm、100μm、110μm、120μm、130μm、140μm、150μm、160μm、170μm、180μm、190μm、200μm或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
可选地，所述人工沸石的直径为0.5～5cm。
可选地，所述人工沸石的直径为0.5cm、0.6cm、0.7cm、0.8cm、0.9cm、1cm、2cm、3cm、4cm、5cm或任意两个数值之间的任意数值。
人工沸石分子筛能够很好地吸附重金属离子及其他有害离子，如：铜、镍、锌、镉、铬、锰、汞、铁等，针对Pb、Cu、Cd和Zn的吸附容量顺序为Pb>Cu Cd>Zn。灰渣、市政污泥、河湖底泥、菌类栽培废弃料和腐殖质等原料中通常都含有少许重金属，以及微量的放射性元素，可以通过分子筛吸附去除。人工沸石分子筛对重金属的吸附能力随温度增加而增大，其对重金属的快速吸附过程可在30～60min内完成；人工沸石分子筛具有晶体的结构和特征，表面为固体骨架，内部的孔穴可起到吸附分子的作用。孔穴之间有孔道相互连接，分子由孔道经过。由于孔穴的洁净性质，分子筛的孔径分布非常均一。分子筛依据其 晶体内部孔穴的大小对分子进行选择性吸附，也就是吸附一定大小的分子而排斥较大物质的分子。
可选地，将上述份数的气化炉灰渣、褐煤、铁尾矿、镁尾矿、冶金熔渣、磷石膏、褐煤、生石灰和有机质混合、粉碎成细小颗粒，粒径≤200μm。
可选地，将粉碎后的混合物进行淋洗，把盐分浸出，以免再次引起土壤盐碱化；淋洗后进行200～600度高温处理，该颗粒内部多孔，经过高温气化，其陶粒无氮、硫等物成分，矿物质金属经高温后，生成氧化物成分，在使用过程中无重金属析出，安全环保；后自然降温，不得将余热的灰渣沾水，否则会放出剧毒的一氧化碳，防止中毒。
可选地，将市政污泥、河湖底泥及其他有机质进行灭菌处理，防止病毒存活；然后进行炭化处理，温度150～230度，制成生物炭，研磨成粉状，粒径＜200μm。
可选地，将多孔材料、生物炭材料与人工沸石分子筛进行混合搅拌30～120分钟；对原料中的重金属进行吸附处理，达到去除重金属的目的。
可选地，将人工沸石分子筛做成直径0.5～5cm大小的球形，用药剂浸泡30分钟，后清洗干净、晾干。
可选地，步骤(3)中，所述筛分是指去除吸附重金属后的人工沸石。
吸附重金属后的人工沸石进行再生处理。
可选地，对发酵前体材料进行喷水处理，保持湿度30％～50％。
可选地，将湿度30％～50％的发酵前体材料中加入好氧菌种，放置在堆放槽有氧发酵，定期进行搅拌。
在制土制肥的生产工艺方面，以及翻土耕作的种植过程中，利用人工沸石分子筛的交换性能及其对金属离子吸附性能，去除土壤重金属。灰渣、市政污泥、河湖底泥、菌类栽培废弃料和腐殖质等原料中通常都含有少许重金属，以及微量的放射性元素，可以通过分子筛吸附去除。起到改良土壤质量状况的作用，根据农作物的种类和生长差异化，对土壤pH进行调节，使得微量元素在农作物中的需求能够协调、提高，实现了农业生产的目标管控。人工沸石分子筛的使用，把煤基土壤中的元素有效态与农作物所需要的K、Na、Ca、Mg等离子进行交换，起到农肥的间接作用。于此相应地，人工沸石分子筛还可以对双氢胺等物质进行吸附，进而配成农肥所需的缓释剂；就氮肥作用而言，肥力大幅度提高了，化肥实际利用率也成倍提高，而且氮肥有效期得到延长；从农 作物营养状况着眼，人工沸石分子筛改善土壤性状的同时提高农作物生长活力，煤基土壤的掺入，提高了农作物的抵御病毒能力，最终达到增产增收的目的。
去除重金属分为两个阶段：第一阶段，在煤基土壤的制土制肥过程中去除原料中的重金属；第二阶段，在煤基土壤与农林地土壤翻耕、混合调试过程中，去除盐碱地的重金属。
本工艺制备的人工磁性土中含有氨氮，根据脱氮原理，在制土的厌氧-好氧反应过程中，硝化菌在硝化反应中转化1g氨态氮需要碱度(以碳酸钙计)7.14g，因此，在翻土、灌溉过程中促进混合液中pH下降，从而实现土壤pH的碱度降低。同时，磷石膏在制土过程的厌氧环境下，培养了耐盐碱的解磷菌(溶磷微生物)，研究表明，解磷菌数量因土壤而异，黑钙土>黄棕壤>白土>红壤>砖红壤>瓦碱土。在黑钙土中解磷菌以芽孢杆菌和假单胞杆菌为主，而黄棕壤和红壤中的解磷菌种类繁多。研究表明，解磷菌能够分泌草酸、葡萄糖酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸，不同施肥措施对土壤溶磷微生物的影响结果差别明显，有机肥与氮、磷、钾化肥合理的配施，能有效促进溶磷微生物的繁殖、分裂、生长。解磷菌还能够分泌乳酸、琥珀酸、甲酸和丙酸，其中丙酸和草酸是耐盐碱解磷菌溶解磷酸三钙的主要有机酸。因此，实现了土壤pH碱度的下降。
根据本申请的另一个方面，提供了一种人工磁性复合肥。
可选地，所述人工磁性复合肥包括以上任一所述的人工磁性土壤。
可选地，还包括添加剂；所述添加剂包括稀有元素、磷酸二胺、氯化钾、硫酸铵、尿素中的至少一种。
可选地，所述人工磁性土壤和添加剂的质量比为5：(0.5～2)。
可选地，所述人工磁性土壤和添加剂的质量比为5:0.5、5:0.6、5:0.7、5:0.8、5:0.9、5:1、5:2或任意两个比值之间的任意比值。
可选地，所述人工磁性土壤和添加剂的质量比为5：1。
该人工磁性复合肥中的磁性能刺激作物的生长，活化土壤，提高作物根系对土壤中养分的吸收。该人工磁性复合肥/土壤的养分比较齐全，除有N、P、K三种肥料的营养组分外，同时还有Si、Fe、Al、Mg、Ca、B、Zn、Mn和Cu等作物所需的微量元素及必需的养分。该人工磁性复合肥/土壤对沙化地、盐碱地有明显改良作用；对黑麦草、苜蓿、沙枣、油砂豆、沙打旺这些作物都有的促进生长及增产作用。
本申请制备了大宗固废用于土壤修复和生态治理的人工磁性复合肥和土 壤，其中煤基固废掺量达到30％以上(即在人工土壤和化肥中加入了30％以上的粉煤灰、汽化炉渣、市政污泥和尾矿)，筛选出一批适合原位修复土壤的植物品种，形成了一系列的治理沙化地、盐碱地的制土制肥技术模式，从而在应用层面突破了大宗固废资源化的关键技术瓶颈。随着项目的推广应用，将取得明显的经济和社会效益。
粉煤灰、气化炉渣、磷石膏、铁尾矿、冶金熔渣等工业固废大量堆置、占用土地资源，且对环境污染形成危险态势；同时面临着理论研究缺乏、资源化利用率低、治理难度大等诸多瓶颈问题。本发明对大宗固废用于生态治理成套技术的摸索和实践，开展了制土制肥对应土壤生态修复关键技术研究，尤其针对煤基固废制备土壤和化肥，用于沙化地、盐碱地及污染场地生态治理的技术研究。通过实验，掌握了煤基固废掺加污泥、铁尾矿、有机质等生态材料的配方，在土壤肥力、磁化介质、复合营养组分等方面寻求创新，通过技术与产品的集成，形成了一整套大规模利用固废在土壤修复、生态治理层面的技术模式、工艺和方法。
可选地，在所述人工磁性土壤中，氮的质量含量为1～1.5％；磷质量的含量为0.01～0.2％；钾质量的含量为0.2～3.3％；磁化介质(磁性尾矿)的含量为2％～5％。这些数据表明本申请的人工土壤具有较好的土壤肥力。
可选地，所述人工磁性土壤包括C含量40％～45％、H含量40％～45％、O含量4％～6％、N含量1％～1.5％、P含量0.01～0.2％、K含量0.2～3.3％、S含量0.05％～0.1％、Ca含量0.1％～0.5％、Mg含量0.1％～0.2％、Cl含量0.005％～0.01％、Fe含量0.005％～0.02％、Mn含量0.001％～0.005％、B含量0.001％～0.002％、Zn含量0.001％～0.002％、Cu含量0～0.0006％和Mo含量0～0.00001％。
本申请的人工磁性土壤具有一定的磁性，有几率能够形成电磁场，可诱导植物组织中部分元素(例如氮、磷、钾、铁、镁、锌、钙等微量元素)的电子跃迁，产生紫外-可见吸收光，从而增强植物对于光的吸收能力，促进植物的光合作用；本申请的人工磁性土壤另外还可能促进细胞中的线粒体加快能量转化，增强植物的新陈代谢能力，加速蛋白质的形成，最终增强植物的发芽、生长；此外，还有可能在植物光合作用时增加能量辐射发射的红外光波(生命成长过程中太阳光波中波长为8～14μm的远红外线是缺一不可的，是生物生存必不可少的外在因素)，能与生物体内细胞的水分子产生最有效的“共振”，增强其渗透性能，有效地促进植物的生长；另外，本申请的人工磁性土壤还有可能诱 导盐碱地中的水分子产生极性，促使水分子振动，加速盐粒子的分解，从而改变盐的化学成分，进一步降解盐碱地的“盐”，最终可以改良盐碱土地。
综上，本申请的人工磁性土壤，通过各成分相互配合，粉煤灰和褐煤能够团聚盐碱地或沙化地中的重金属，通过磷石膏、石灰石能够与盐碱地中除去重金属后的碱发生作用进行沉降，尾矿对于盐碱地中不能沉降的盐进行分解，通过人工沸石对于上述的重金属和沉降的碱进行吸附，大大降低了土壤的盐碱性，即对于盐碱地的成分进行各个击破，最后一起吸附，使得对于盐碱地的改良更为高效有序；再有污泥、有机质和冶金炉渣进行补充肥料，粉煤灰和褐煤还能对于水和空气有一定的保存性能，使得盐碱地之后的改良更加有效，达到了后续植物生长的基本条件，并且尾矿还能对于植物的生长具有额外的促进作用；因此在本申请的人工磁性土壤中，各成分相互支撑，且相互促进，缺一不可，共同作用于沙化地和/或盐碱土地。
根据本申请的再一个方面，提供了一种如上任一所述的人工磁性土壤在沙化地和/或盐碱土地中的应用。
本发明主要具有的有益效果为：
本申请提供了一种人工磁性土壤，利用灰渣、污泥及其他有机质科学配比制土制肥，配施改良沙化地和盐碱化土，改善地区土壤沙化地和盐碱性状，提高植物成活率；节约灰渣、污泥的填埋堆置费用；降低水体、大气污染，恢复生态环境。可以达到“以废治退”、“废退互治”、变双害为双利的特殊功效，能更好地实现环境效益与经济效益相结合，并且具有“碳减排”的综合意义。
本申请利用人工沸石分子筛的交换性能及其对金属离子吸附性能，去除灰渣、市政污泥、河湖底泥、菌类栽培废弃料和腐殖质等原料中的重金属和放射性元素，起到改良土壤质量状况的作用；根据农作物的种类和生长差异化，对土壤pH进行调节，使得微量元素在农作物中的需求能够协调、提高，实现了农业生产的目标管控。并且经高温制得的各粒级煤基土壤产品能疏松土壤，打破盐斑、阻断盐析，又能为土壤微生物菌群提供良好的寄生环境，促进土壤有益微生物菌群的繁殖，提高盐碱土壤的可生化性改良和修复。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明 具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。本文中所用的试剂、材料和操作步骤均为相应领域内广泛使用的试剂、材料和常规步骤，本文中所用的试剂、材料均为市场上可以购得的。
气化炉灰渣来源于煤气化炉，宁煤集团；
粉煤灰来源于燃煤电厂，华能上安电厂；
市政污泥来源于市政污水处理厂，高碑店污水处理厂；
河湖底泥来源于河湖治理底部淤泥，北京地区北运河；
人工沸石来源于天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司；
铁尾矿来源于铁矿选矿场，河北红山铁矿选矿厂；
镁尾矿来源于镁矿选矿场，河北省邢台菱镁矿镁砂厂；
冶金熔渣来源于冶金熔炉，河北中兴冶炼有限公司；
磷石膏来源于贵州德瑞丰科技有限公司；
褐煤来源于吉林市圣富煤炭经销有限公司；
有机质来源于农业的秸秆、畜禽粪便和餐厨垃圾；
好氧菌种来源于碧沃丰生物科技有限公司，COWV固肥菌剂。
实施例1
气化炉灰渣为16份，粉煤灰为8份，市政污泥为20份，河湖底泥为6份，人工沸石为15份，铁尾矿6份，镁尾矿7份，冶金熔渣4份，磷石膏3份，褐煤1.5份，生石灰4份，有机质为12份。
将上述气化炉灰渣、褐煤、铁尾矿、镁尾矿、冶金熔渣、磷石膏、褐煤、生石灰和有机质粉碎成细小颗粒，粒径为150μm，掺入粉煤灰、石膏粉；将市政污泥和河湖底泥晾干处置；将人工沸石分子筛做成直径2cm大小的球形，用药剂浸泡30分钟，然后清洗干净，晾干备用；
将粉碎后的混合物进行淋洗，把盐分浸出，以免再次引起土壤盐碱化；淋洗后进行180度高温处理；将市政污泥、河湖底泥及其他有机质进行灭菌处理，防止病毒存活；然后进行炭化处理，温度200度，制成生物炭，研磨成粉状，粒径150μm；将多孔材料、生物炭材料与人工沸石分子筛进行混合搅拌60分钟， 对原料中的重金属进行吸附处理。
去除吸附重金属后大颗粒的人工沸石分子筛，得到发酵前体材料。对发酵前体材料进行喷水处理，保持湿度40％。在40％湿度的发酵前体材料中掺入好氧菌种(干质量比为7：3)，放置在30度堆放槽有氧发酵，定期进行搅拌；堆放时间为7天后，要求保持20％的湿度，制备得到人工磁性土壤，粒度为300μm。
其中，人工土壤包括C含量40％、H含量40％、O含量4％、N含量1％、P含量0.1％、K含量0.1％、S含量0.05％、Ca含量0.1％、Mg含0.1％、Cl含量0.005％、Fe含量0.005％、Mn含量0.001％、B含量0.001％、Zn含量0.001％、Cu含量0.0006％和Mo含量0.00001％；磁化介质的含量为4.8％。
实施例2
气化炉灰渣为21份，粉煤灰为4份，市政污泥为13份，河湖底泥为12份，人工沸石为10份，铁尾矿2.5份，镁尾矿2.5份，冶金熔渣4份，磷石膏3份，褐煤1.5份，生石灰4份，有机质为12份。
将上述气化炉灰渣、褐煤、铁尾矿、镁尾矿、冶金熔渣、磷石膏、褐煤、生石灰和有机质粉碎成细小颗粒，粒径为150μm，掺入粉煤灰、石膏粉；将市政污泥和河湖底泥晾干处置；将人工沸石分子筛做成直径2cm大小的球形，用药剂浸泡30分钟，然后清洗干净，晾干备用；
将粉碎后的混合物进行淋洗，把盐分浸出，以免再次引起土壤盐碱化；淋洗后进行180度高温处理；将市政污泥、河湖底泥及其他有机质进行灭菌处理，防止病毒存活；然后进行炭化处理，温度200度，制成生物炭，研磨成粉状，粒径150μm；将多孔材料、生物炭材料与人工沸石分子筛进行混合搅拌60分钟，对原料中的重金属进行吸附处理。
去除吸附重金属后大颗粒的人工沸石分子筛，得到发酵前体材料。对发酵前体材料进行喷水处理，保持湿度40％。在40％湿度的发酵前体材料中掺入好氧菌种(干质量比为7：3)，放置在30度堆放槽有氧发酵，定期进行搅拌；堆放时间为7天后，要求保持20％的湿度，制备得到人工磁性土壤，粒度为800μm。
其中，人工土壤包括C含量43.4％、H含量44.6％、O含量5.1％、N含量1.26％、P含量0.18％、K含量2.11％、S含量0.08％、Ca含量0.4％、Mg含0.32％、Cl含量0.009％、Fe含量0.0062％、Mn含量0.0035％、B含量0.0015％、Zn含 量0.0013％、Cu含量0.0002％和Mo含量0.000001％；磁化介质的含量为4.1％。
实施例3
气化炉灰渣为23份，粉煤灰为6份，市政污泥为15份，河湖底泥为15份，人工沸石为10份，铁尾矿5份，镁尾矿5份，冶金熔渣5份，磷石膏2份，褐煤2份，生石灰3份，有机质为9份。
将上述气化炉灰渣、褐煤、磷石膏、褐煤、生石灰和有机质粉碎成细小颗粒，粒径为180μm，掺入粉煤灰、石膏粉；将市政污泥和河湖底泥晾干处置；将人工沸石分子筛做成直径5cm大小的球形，用药剂浸泡30分钟，然后清洗干净，晾干备用；
将粉碎后的混合物进行淋洗，把盐分浸出，以免再次引起土壤盐碱化；淋洗后进行200度高温处理；将市政污泥、河湖底泥及其他有机质进行灭菌处理，防止病毒存活；然后进行炭化处理，温度250度，制成生物炭，研磨成粉状，粒径180μm；将多孔材料、生物炭材料与人工沸石分子筛进行混合搅拌120分钟，对原料中的重金属进行吸附处理。
去除吸附重金属后大颗粒的人工沸石分子筛，得到发酵前体材料。对发酵前体材料进行喷水处理，保持湿度50％。在50％湿度的发酵前体材料中掺入好氧菌种(干质量比为7：3)，放置在30度堆放槽有氧发酵，定期进行搅拌；堆放时间为10天后，要求保持30％的湿度，制备得到人工磁性土壤，粒度为230μm。
其中，人工土壤包括C含量42.6％、H含量41.3％、O含量4.6％、N含量1.2％、P含量0.13％、K含量0.29％、S含量0.08％、Ca含量0.26％、Mg含量0.15％、Cl含量0.009％、Fe含量0.012％、Mn含量0.0024％、B含量0.0018％、Zn含量0.0015％、Cu含量0.0002％和Mo含量0.00001％；磁化介质的含量为4.3％。
实施例4
气化炉灰渣为30份，粉煤灰为3份，市政污泥为10份，河湖底泥为10份，人工沸石为20份，铁尾矿3份，镁尾矿4份，冶金熔渣5份，磷石膏5份，褐煤1份，生石灰5份，有机质为6份。
将上述气化炉灰渣、褐煤、铁尾矿、镁尾矿、冶金熔渣、磷石膏、褐煤、生石灰和有机质粉碎成细小颗粒，粒径为160μm，掺入粉煤灰、石膏粉；将市政污泥和河湖底泥晾干处置；将人工沸石分子筛做成直径4cm大小的球形，用 药剂浸泡30分钟，然后清洗干净，晾干备用；
将粉碎后的混合物进行淋洗，把盐分浸出，以免再次引起土壤盐碱化；淋洗后进行150度高温处理；将市政污泥、河湖底泥及其他有机质进行灭菌处理，防止病毒存活；然后进行炭化处理，温度220度，制成生物炭，研磨成粉状，粒径200μm；
对发酵前体材料进行喷水处理，保持湿度30％。在30％湿度的发酵前体材料中掺入好氧菌种(干质量比为7：3)，放置在30度堆放槽有氧发酵，定期进行搅拌；堆放时间为15天后，要求保持25％的湿度，制备得到人工磁性土壤，粒度为420μm。
其中，人工土壤包括C含量43.3％、H含量42.1％、O含量5.3％、N含量1.46％、P含量0.16％、K含量0.56％、S含量0.1％、Ca含量0.42％、Mg含0.1％、Cl含量0.009％、Fe含量0.011％、Mn含量0.003％、B含量0.0013％、Zn含量0.0016％、Cu含量0.0002％和Mo含量0.00001％；磁化介质的含量为4.1％。
对比例1
和实施例1大概相同，只是没有铁尾矿、镁尾矿和冶金熔渣，其他步骤和参数同实施例1一致。
其中，人工土壤包括C含量40.2％、H含量40.6％、O含量2.3％、N含量1.2％、P含量0.016％、K含量0.11％、S含量0.043％、Ca含量0.06％、Mg含0.009％、Cl含量0.0003％、Fe含量0.0002％、Mn含量0.00006％、B含量0.0005％、Zn含量0.0006％、Cu含量0.0001％和Mo含量0.00001％；磁化介质的含量为0％。
通过上述可知，缺少尾矿和炉渣的土壤中，关于O含量和P含量大大降低，且微量元素的含量也大大降低，对于后续植物的生长可能存在一定的影响。
对比例2
和实施例1大概相同，只是没有人工沸石，其他步骤和参数同实施例1一致。
其中，人工土壤包括C含量42.9％、H含量41.3％、O含量4.6％、N含量1.9％、P含量0.24％、K含量0.22％、S含量0.09％、Ca含量0.9％、Mg含0.89％、Cl含量0.6％、Fe含量1.6％、Mn含量0.％、B含量0.9％、Zn含量0.21％、Cu含量0.56％和Mo含量0.089％；磁化介质的含量为5％。
通过对比例2和实施例1的对比可知，由于缺少人工沸石，无法对于土壤 中的重金属进行吸附去除，该人工土壤仍含有较多的重金属，不利于植物的种植。
性能测试
1、分别取五种盐碱地土壤，编号分别为土壤1(来自山东省东营市)、土壤2(河北省沧州市)、土壤3(陕西省榆林市)、土壤4(江苏省连云港市)和土壤5(内蒙古通辽市)，将本申请实施例和对比例制备得到的人工磁性土壤以质量比1:5掺混于上述盐碱地土壤中，分为空白组(不加入任何物质，仅存在盐碱地土壤)、对比例组和实施例组，混合均匀后，进行pH和电导率的检测。结果如表1所示。
表1人工磁性土壤对盐碱地土壤的改良
Figure PCTCN2022092183-appb-000001
从表1可以看出，通过向盐碱土壤加入本发明的磁性土壤，有效的降低土壤的pH和土壤的电导率，即降低了土壤的盐碱化程度；而对比例1和对比例2虽然能够降低一定的盐碱化程度，但是其pH和电导率能远远高于实施例1，表明缺少尾矿、炉渣和人工沸石，就达不到本申请优异的性能，即pH在中性左 右，电导率在1.0～2.5mS/cm之间。
2、取盐碱地土壤1，分别加入实施例和对比例制备得到的人工改性土壤，质量比为1:5，分为空白组一组(不加入任何物质，仅存在盐碱地土壤)、对比例组两组(对比例1和对比例2)和实施例组三组(实施例1、实施例2、实施例3和实施例4)。之后进行玉米种子的栽种，每组10盆进行培育，每盆5粒种子，共六组，每天定时定量浇水，记录玉米的成活率，结果如表2所示。
表2磁性土壤对玉米的成活率影响
时间 空白组 对比例1 对比例2 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4
栽种数量(个) 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
成活颗数(个) 10 18 7 47 43 47 48
成活率 20％ 36％ 14％ 94％ 86％ 94％ 96％
3、将上述实验成活的玉米，出苗后，每隔两天记录玉米的高度cm(超出土壤层的部分)
表3磁性土壤对玉米的生长影响
时间 空白组 对比例1 对比例2 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4
2天 2.41 3.3 1.93 6.32 4.95 5.96 6.11
4天 4.15 6.21 3.22 8.96 6.98 8.34 8.16
6天 6.61 10.42 5.81 17.35 15.21 16.67 17.01
8天 10.35 17.76 9.64 26.39 23.67 25.64 26.01
10天 15.58 22.25 10.53 33.72 29.13 32.53 33.12
12天 18.24 25.21 15.52 36.43 32.16 35.36 35.96
从表2和表3可以看出，本发明的人工磁性土壤，能够较好的促进种子的发芽和植物的生长，是由于本申请的人工磁性土壤通过各成分相互配，有效的降低土壤的pH和土壤的电导率，能够去除盐碱地中的重金属和降低盐碱性程度，实施例2由于具有较大的粒度，使得整个土壤的保水存气性能稍微下降，从而使得植物的参数略差于其他实施例。而对比例1和对比例2由于缺少部分 元素，远远达不到本申请人工磁性土壤的效果，即去除重金属的含量有限或降低盐碱程度有限，存在较多不利于植物发育和生长的因素，因此大大降低了种子的成活率和植物的成长；另外，本申请的人工磁性土壤中还有污泥、有机质等带来植物必须的成分，能够进一步促进种子的生长和植物的发育。
最后应说明的是：以上所述的各实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种人工磁性土壤，其特征在于，所述人工磁性土壤的原料包括：气化炉灰渣为15～30份，粉煤灰为3～10份，市政污泥为10～20份，河湖底泥为5～15份，人工沸石为10～20份，铁尾矿2～7份，镁尾矿1～7份，冶金熔渣1～5份，磷石膏1～5份，褐煤为1～2份，生石灰3～5份，有机质为5～12份。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的人工磁性土壤，其特征在于，所述人工磁性土壤的粒度为A；A≤500μm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的人工磁性土壤，其特征在于，A的范围为：100μm≤A≤500μm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的人工磁性土壤，其特征在于，所述人工磁性土壤的电导率为1.0～2.5mS/cm。
  5. 一种制备如权利要求1～4任一项所述人工磁性土壤的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    (1)将上述份数的气化炉灰渣、褐煤、铁尾矿、镁尾矿、冶金熔渣、磷石膏、褐煤、生石灰和有机质混合、粉碎后掺入粉煤灰，加热，得到多孔材料；
    (2)将上述份数的市政污泥、河湖底泥和有机质灭菌、炭化，得到生物炭材料；
    (3)将多孔材料、生物炭材料和人工沸石混合、筛分，得到发酵前体材料；
    (4)将发酵前体材料与好氧菌种混合，进行有氧发酵，得到所述人工磁性土壤。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(1)中，所述加热的条件为：温度200～600度，时间0.5～2h；
    在步骤(2)中，所述炭化的条件为：温度200～260度，时间0.5～2h。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(4)中，所述有氧发酵的条件为：湿度为20％～50％，温度为20～35度，时间为7～15天。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多孔材料的粒径≤200μm；
    所述生物炭材料的粒径≤200μm；
    所述人工沸石的直径为0.5～5cm。
  9. 一种人工磁性复合肥，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～4任一项所述的人工磁性土壤。
  10. 权利要求1～4任一项所述的人工磁性土壤在沙化地和/或盐碱土地中的应用。
PCT/CN2022/092183 2022-03-14 2022-05-11 一种人工磁性土壤及其制备方法和应用 WO2023173564A1 (zh)

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