WO2023167441A1 - 고순도 세슘할라이드 제조방법 및 페로브스카이트 복합재 - Google Patents
고순도 세슘할라이드 제조방법 및 페로브스카이트 복합재 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing highly purified cesium halide using a solubility difference and a perovskite composite prepared using the same.
- the solar cell refers to a cell that generates current-voltage using the photovoltaic effect of generating electrons and holes by absorbing light energy from sunlight.
- the general structural formula of the perovskite structure is ABX 3 structure, and has a structure in which an anion is located at the X site, a large cation is located at the A site, and a small cation is located at the B site.
- CsX cesium halide
- high temperature is applied to remove the reaction solvent and another reaction product, water (H 2 O).
- X in Scheme 1 is Cl, Br or I.
- the present invention has been made to overcome the above-mentioned problems, and is a process of purifying CsX with high purity without reducing the yield during CsX purification without performing the existing process of performing a high-temperature heating process when producing cesium halide (CsX). It is intended to provide a CsX synthesis method introducing a perovskite prepared using the CsX synthesized by this method.
- the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing cesium halide, comprising: a first step of preparing a Cs 2 CO 3 aqueous solution; a second step of performing a reaction by dropwise adding a hydrogen halide (HX) aqueous solution to the Cs 2 CO 3 aqueous solution under stirring; A third step of preparing a mixed solution by adding and washing the reaction solution obtained in step 2 to the washing solvent; and a fourth step of filtering the mixed solution of step 3 and then drying to obtain cesium halide powder.
- HX hydrogen halide
- the Cs 2 CO 3 aqueous solution in the first step may include 40 to 50% by weight of Cs 2 CO 3 and the remaining amount of water.
- the two-step hydrogen halide (HX) aqueous solution may include 46 to 50% by weight of hydrogen halide and the remaining amount of water.
- the two-step dropwise addition may be performed so that the Cs 2 CO 3 aqueous solution and the hydrogen halide (HX) aqueous solution have a volume ratio of 1:0.87 to 1.
- the reaction in the second step may be performed at a temperature of 20 to 40 ° C, and the stirring may be performed at 500 to 1500 rpm.
- the washing solvent in the third step may have a polarity of 4 to 6, a dipole moment of 1.60 to 4.00 (debye, D), and a dielectric constant of 13 to 37.
- the cleaning solvent in the third step is acetone, methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), pyridine (Pyridine), MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) ) and MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone).
- step 3 may be performed at 4 to 10 °C.
- the mixed solution in step 3 may contain the reaction solution and the washing solution at a volume ratio of 1:5 or more, preferably at a volume ratio of 1:5 to 20.
- the cesium halide powder obtained in step 4 may have a yield of 83 to 99% and a purity of 97 to 99.9%.
- Another object of the present invention is a perovskite composite using cesium halide prepared by the method described above, and the perovskite composite may be a perovskite composite represented by Formula 1 below.
- A is a monovalent cation, an amine, ammonium, Group 1 metal, Group 2 metal, and/or other cation or cation-like compound
- M is a divalent cation, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu
- X and X' are independently Cl, Br or I (provided that X and X' are different halogen elements )
- a is an integer of 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1
- b is an integer of 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 3.
- another object of the present invention is to provide a perovskite solar cell including the perovskite composite as a light absorption layer (or photoactive layer).
- the present invention is a research product supported by the National Research and Development Project.
- the present invention can produce cesium halide in high yield and high purity in an economical way, and a solar cell with improved performance by manufacturing perovskite using the cesium halide of the present invention and applying it as a light absorbing layer can be manufactured.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing cesium halide (CsX, where X is Cl, Br or I) in high yield and high purity, which is used in the production of perovskite composites.
- the perovskite composite is a perovskite composite represented by Formula 1 below.
- A is a monovalent cation, which may include amines, ammonium, Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, and/or other cations or cation-like compounds, preferably formamidinium (FA). ), methylammonium (MA. methylammonium), FAMA, or N(R) 4 + (where R may be the same or different groups, R is a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched type having 3 to 5 carbon atoms an alkyl group, a phenyl group, an alkylphenyl group, an alkoxyphenyl group or an alkyl halide).
- R may be the same or different groups, R is a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched type having 3 to 5 carbon atoms an alkyl group, a phenyl group, an alkylphenyl group, an alkoxyphenyl group or an alkyl halide).
- M in Formula 1 is a divalent cation, and includes one or two selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sn, Pb, Bi, Ge, Ti, Eu, and Zr, preferably Cu, It includes one or two selected from Sn and Pb, more preferably Pb.
- X and X' of Formula 1 are independently Cl, Br or I, provided that X and X' are different halogen elements.
- a is an integer of 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1
- b is an integer of 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 3.
- the cesium halide (CsX, where X is Cl, Br or I) of the present invention is prepared by preparing a Cs 2 CO 3 aqueous solution; a second step of performing a reaction by dropwise adding a hydrogen halide (HX) aqueous solution to the Cs 2 CO 3 aqueous solution under stirring; A third step of preparing a mixed solution by adding and washing the reaction solution obtained in step 2 to the washing solvent; and step 4 of filtering the mixed solution of step 3 and then drying to obtain cesium halide (CsX) powder.
- HX hydrogen halide
- the Cs 2 CO 3 aqueous solution in the first step contains 40 to 50% by weight of Cs 2 CO 3 and the balance of water, preferably 45 to 50% by weight of Cs 2 CO 3 and the balance of water, more preferably Cs 2 48 to 50% by weight of CO 3 and the remaining amount of water may be included.
- the content of Cs 2 CO 3 in the Cs 2 CO 3 aqueous solution is less than 40% by weight, there may be a problem in that the amount of CsX, which is a reaction product, is too small, and if the content of Cs 2 CO 3 exceeds 50% by weight, unreacted Cs Since there may be a problem that the purity of CsX obtained by 2 CO 3 is lowered, it is good to include it within the above range.
- the HX aqueous solution of the second step may include 46 to 50% by weight of HX (where X is Cl, Br or I) and the balance of water, Preferably, 46.5 to 49.0% by weight of HX and the balance of water may be included, preferably 47.0 to 48.0% by weight of HX and the balance of water.
- the content of HX in the HX aqueous solution is less than 46% by weight, there may be a problem in that the amount of CsX, which is a reaction product, is too small, and if the content of HX exceeds 50% by weight, the purity of CsX obtained by unreacted HX is low. There may be a problem with losing, so it is good to include it in the above range.
- the dropwise addition and reaction in the second step are preferably carried out at a temperature of 20 to 40 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 30 to 40 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 35 to 37 ° C.
- a temperature of 20 to 40 ° C preferably at a temperature of 30 to 40 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 35 to 37 ° C.
- the dropwise addition and reaction in the second step are preferably carried out under stirring conditions of 500 to 1500 rpm, preferably 700 to 1,000 rpm, more preferably 700 to 800 rpm, wherein the stirring speed is less than 500 rpm. If the reaction rate between Cs 2 CO 3 and HX is too slow, the two-step process becomes too long, resulting in poor CsX mass productivity, and if the reaction rate exceeds 1500 rpm, there may be a problem of difficulty in uniform stirring. It is preferable to carry out stirring under range conditions.
- the Cs 2 CO 3 aqueous solution and the HX aqueous solution are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:0.87 to 1.00, preferably at a volume ratio of 1:0.87 to 0.95, and more preferably at a volume ratio of 1:0.87 to 0.88.
- the volume ratio is out of the range, the CsX yield may decrease and the purity of CsX may decrease due to remaining unreacted substances. Therefore, it is preferable to mix and react them within a range satisfying the volume ratio.
- reaction products of CsX aqueous
- CO 2 vaporized and removed from the reaction solution
- CsX is removed from the reaction solution.
- step 3 is a purification process in which CsX dissolved in the reaction solution is solidified and precipitated, and unreacted residues are separated and removed from CsX. is added to a washing solution at 4 to 8 ° C, and solidified CsX is precipitated.
- the washing reaction in step 3 is carried out under stirring conditions of 800 to 1,500 rpm, preferably 800 to 1,300 rpm, more preferably 800 to 1,000 rpm after the reaction solution is added to the washing solution.
- the stirring speed is less than 800 rpm, the washing speed of unreacted substances is too slow, resulting in a decrease in purity, and if the reaction speed exceeds 1500 rpm, there may be a problem of difficulty in uniform stirring. It is good to perform stirring at
- step 3 it is appropriate to carry out the reaction in step 3 for 40 to 120 minutes, preferably 40 to 90 minutes under the above temperature and stirring conditions.
- Step 3 is a process of precipitating CsX by using the solubility due to the polarity difference between the reaction product and the unreacted material in the reaction solution and the washing solvent. Due to the low solubility in the washing solvent, CsX is precipitated and the unreacted residue (Cs 2 CO 3 , HX, etc.) has low solubility and dissolves in the washing solvent.
- the washing solvent is a polar solvent that mixes well with water, and preferably satisfies polarity of 4 to 6, dipole moment of 1.6 to 4 (debye, D), and dielectric constant of 13 to 37, preferably polarity of 4.2. ⁇ 5.7, dipole moment 1.6 ⁇ 3.5 (debye, D ) and dielectric constant 13 ⁇ 28, more preferably polarity 4.5 ⁇ 5.5, dipole moment 2.5 ⁇ 3 (debye, D ) and dielectric constant 18.0 ⁇ 22.0 It is good. If the polarity, dipole moment and / or dielectric constant are not satisfied, there may be a problem in that the yield and / or purity of CsX is lowered.
- the washing solvent is acetone, methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), pyridine (Pyridine), MEK (methyl ethyl ketone), and MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone)
- the washing solvent is acetone, methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), pyridine (Pyridine), MEK (methyl ethyl ketone), and MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone)
- a species or a mixture of two or more species may be used.
- the mixing ratio of the washing solution and the reaction solution in step 3 is 1: 5 or more by volume ratio of the reaction solution and washing solution, preferably 1: 5 to 20 volume ratio of the reaction solution and washing solution, more preferably 1: 8 to It can be mixed at a volume ratio of 15, more preferably at a volume ratio of 1:8 to 12.
- step 4 is a process of separating and obtaining CsX precipitated in step 3 from the mixed solution. After filtering the mixed solution of step 3 by a general method used in the art, drying the filtering residue to obtain cesium halide (CsX ) powder can be obtained.
- CsX cesium halide
- CsX (where X is Cl, Br or I) thus prepared may have a yield of 83 to 99% and a purity of 97.0 to 99.9%, preferably a yield of 85.0 to 99.0% and a purity of 98.0 to 99.9%, more preferably may have a yield of 86.0 to 99.0% and a purity of 99.0 to 99.9%, more preferably a yield of 90.0 to 99.0% and a purity of 99.0 to 99.9%.
- the perovskite composite can be used in various technical fields such as solar cells, displays, lasers, and sensors.
- the perovskite composite can be applied as a material for a light absorption layer (or photoactive layer) of a solar cell, and such a perovskite solar cell includes a fin-structured perovskite solar cell and an inverse structured perovskite solar cell. It may be a skyte solar cell, a tandem-type perovskite solar cell, or a tandem-type silicon/perovskite heterojunction solar cell.
- a preferred embodiment of a perovskite solar cell a hole transport layer (HTL, or hole transport layer), a perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transporting layer (ETL), and a conductive barrier layer
- HTL hole transport layer
- ETL electron transporting layer
- a solar cell including a laminate having a structure in which a passivation layer and a source electrode are sequentially stacked.
- the laminate may be stacked on top of a drain electrode.
- a conductive substrate, a drain electrode, a hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, an electron transport layer, and a source electrode are sequentially stacked to form one set, and the set is a single layer or a plurality of It may be formed by stacking layers.
- the solar cell of the present invention is a tandem type silicon/perovskite heterojunction solar cell
- a drain electrode, a silicon solar cell, a recombination layer, and the laminate are sequentially stacked may be in the form of
- the laminate is a perovskite layer of a laminate including a hole transport layer and a perovskite light absorption layer.
- the hole transport layer may include an inorganic and/or organic hole transport material.
- the inorganic hole transport material may include at least one selected from nickel oxide (NiO x ), CuSCN, CuCrO 2 and CuI.
- the organic hole transport material is a carbazole derivative, a polyarylalkane derivative, a phenylenediamine derivative, an arylamine derivative, an amino-substituted chalcone derivative, a styrylanthracene derivative, a fluorene derivative, a hydrazone derivative, a stilbene derivative, a silazane derivative , Aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine compounds, aromatic dimethylidine compounds, porphyrin compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, polythiophene derivatives, polypyrrole derivatives, polyparaphenylenevinylene derivatives, pentacene, coumarin 6 (coumarin 6, 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-7-(diethylamino)coumarin), ZnPC (zinc phthalocyanine), CuPC (copper phthalocyanine), TiOPC (titanium oxide phthalocyanine), Spiro-MeOTAD (2,2',7
- methods for forming the hole transport layer include coating methods, vacuum deposition methods, and the like, and examples of the coating methods include a gravure coating method, a bar coating method, a printing method, a spray method, a spin coating method, a dip method, a die coat method, and the like can be heard
- the light absorption layer may include the perovskite composite represented by Chemical Formula 1 described above.
- the coating agent for forming the electron transport layer is a dispersion in which LiF nanoparticles are dispersed in an organic solvent, and contains 0.50 to 3.00% by weight of the LiF nanoparticles and the remaining organic solvent, preferably 0.58% by weight of the LiF nanoparticles. ⁇ 2.88% by weight and the balance of the organic solvent, more preferably 0.65 to 1.91% by weight of the LiF nanoparticles and the balance of the organic solvent.
- the organic solvent a solvent having a dielectric constant of 20 or less, preferably a dielectric constant of 5 to 15 may be used.
- the organic solvent include isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and ethyl acetate, which may be used alone or in combination as the organic solvent of the present invention. If a solvent with a permittivity of more than 20 is used, the attraction between the LiF nanoparticles and the polar solvent increases, resulting in aggregation of the LiF nanoparticles (deterioration in dispersibility and dispersion stability), and the process of forming a LiF thin film. There may be a problem in that the perovskite material, which is the light absorption layer, is decomposed in the polar solvent.
- the coating agent for forming the electron transport layer is coated by a general solution coating method such as spin coating, blade coating, bar coating, spray coating, gravure coating, and die coating.
- a general solution coating method such as spin coating, blade coating, bar coating, spray coating, gravure coating, and die coating.
- an ultra-thin film having a thickness of 100 nm or less, preferably 1 to 40 nm in thickness, and more preferably 1 to 20 nm in thickness may be formed by heat treatment at 200° C. or less after coating.
- a drain electrode is formed on a conductive substrate, and then the hole transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer and electrons are formed on the drain electrode.
- the transfer layer may be sequentially formed.
- the conductive substrate may use a general conductive substrate used in the art, for example, a transparent plastic made of a material such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethersulfone, aromatic polyester, or polyimide.
- a transparent plastic made of a material such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethersulfone, aromatic polyester, or polyimide.
- a substrate, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a silicon substrate or the like can be used.
- the drain electrode may be made of a material containing at least one selected from a conductive metal, an alloy of a conductive metal, a metal oxide, and a conductive polymer, and a preferred example is ITO (Induim Tin Oxide) and FTO (Fluorine doped Tin Oxide). ), ATO (Sb 2 O 3 doped Tin Oxide), GTO (Gallium doped Tin Oxide), ZTO (tin doped zinc oxide), ZTO:Ga (gallium doped ZTO), IGZO (Indium gallium zinc oxide, IZO (Indium doped zinc) oxide) and/or aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO).
- the electron transport layer formed in step 1 has a thickness of 100 nm or less, preferably 1 to 40 nm, more preferably 1 to 20 nm. At this time, when the thickness of the electron transport layer exceeds 100 nm, the solar cell Since there may be a problem in that the short-circuit current (Jsc) and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) are reduced, it is preferable to form the thickness within the above range.
- the surface of the coating layer thus formed may have a very low roughness, and has a root mean square (RMS) roughness of 25 nm or less, preferably 17.0 to 25.0 nm, more preferably 17.5 to 24.0 nm can be satisfied.
- RMS root mean square
- the second step is a process of forming a passivation layer (or a conductive barrier layer) on the electron transport layer through a deposition process, wherein the passivation layer is fullerene ( C 60 ), LiF, BCP (Bathocuproine), ITO (Induim Tin Oxide), FTO (Fluorine doped Tin Oxide), ATO (Sb 2 O 3 doped Tin Oxide), GTO (Gallium doped Tin Oxide), ZTO (tin doped zinc) oxide), gallium doped ZTO (ZTO:Ga), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), indium doped zinc oxide (IZO), or aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) may be deposited.
- the passivation layer is fullerene ( C 60 ), LiF, BCP (Bathocuproine), ITO (Induim Tin Oxide), FTO (Fluorine doped Tin Oxide), ATO (Sb 2 O 3 doped Tin Oxide), GTO (Gallium doped Tin
- the deposition can be performed by a general deposition process used in the art, preferably using a sputtering method at a process temperature of 100 °C or less, RF power 100 ⁇ 300W, process pressure 1 ⁇ 3 mTorr, argon (Ar)
- the deposition process may be performed under a flow condition of 10 to 40 sccm.
- the surface of the passivation layer may satisfy an RMS roughness of 30 nm or less, preferably 17.5 to 27.0 nm, and more preferably 18.0 to 25.0 nm.
- the passivation layer may have a sheet resistance as low as 80 W/sq or less, preferably 76 W/sq or less, and more preferably 30.0 to 70 W/sq.
- the passivation layer formed in the second step may have an average thickness of 50 to 110 nm, preferably an average thickness of 55 to 105 nm, and more preferably an average thickness of 60 to 100 nm.
- the average thickness of the conductive barrier layer is less than 50 nm, the thickness is too thin, so the effect of preventing the penetration of the electrode and ion migration due to the introduction of the conductive barrier layer may be insufficient or absent, and the sheet resistance increases, resulting in device performance This causes a decreasing problem.
- the average thickness of the passivation layer exceeds 110 nm, there is an advantage in driving the device because the sheet resistance decreases and the charge movement becomes smooth, but as the process time increases, damage to the light absorption layer may occur and productivity decreases. There may be a problem, and in the case of a tandem device, since the light receiving direction reaches the perovskite photoactive layer through the passivation layer, unnecessary photocurrent loss may occur due to the thick passivation layer. It is preferable to form a passivation layer by performing a deposition process to
- BCP (Bathocuproine), which has a large energy band gap and a very low HOMO energy level, is a compound intercalated between the C60 electron acceptor layer and the electrode to suppress the disappearance of excitons by recombination with the electrode.
- a coating method and a vacuum deposition method may be exemplified, and a spin coating method may be exemplified as a coating method.
- step 3 is a process of forming a source electrode on top of the conductive barrier layer formed in step 2, and the source electrode is Pt, Au, Ni, Cu, Ag, In, Ru, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os , C, and a conductive polymer may be formed by coating or depositing at least one material selected from the group consisting of:
- the source electrode of the solar cell configuration may be formed by coating or depositing at least one material selected from Pt, Au, Ni, Cu, Ag, In, Ru, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, C, and a conductive polymer. there is.
- a Cs 2 CO 3 aqueous solution containing 50% by weight of Cs 2 CO 3 and the balance of water was prepared.
- an HBr aqueous solution containing 48% by weight of hydrogen bromide (HBr) and the remaining amount of water was prepared.
- the HBr aqueous solution was added dropwise with the Cs 2 CO 3 aqueous solution and the HX aqueous solution at a volume ratio of 1:0.87.
- the yield of the obtained CsBr powder was 98.4% and the purity was 99.9%.
- CsBr powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, but as a washing solution, as shown in Table 1 below, methanol, ethyl alcohol, MEK (methyl ethyl ketone), MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone), acetonitrile ( Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were carried out using each of acetonitrile, hexene, ether, toluene, and benzene, yield of the obtained CsBr powder and purity are shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 1 acetone 5.1 2.72 20.7
- Example 2 methanol 5.1 1.69 24
- Example 3 ethyl alcohol 5.2 1.66 25.3
- Example 4 MEK 4.7 2.76 18.9
- Example 5 MIBK 4.2 2.80 13.1
- Example 6 acetonitrile 5.8 3.92 37
- Comparative Example 1 Hexane 0.1 0.08 1.9 Comparative Example 2 Ether 0.1 1.15 4.3 Comparative Example 3 Toluene 2.4 0.36 2.3 Comparative Example 4 Benzene 2.7 0.00 2.4
- Example 1 acetone 98.4 / 99.9
- Example 2 methanol 87.2 / 99.2
- Example 3 ethyl alcohol 86.5 / 99.2
- Example 4 MEK 85.1 / 99.0
- Example 5 MIBK 84.2 / 98.6
- Example 6 acetonitrile 83.0 / 98.0 Comparative Example 1 hexene 71.4 / 83.2 Comparative Example 2 ether 68.5 / 83.0 Comparative Example 3 toluene 70.2/81.3 Comparative Example 4 benzene 62.1 / 78.4
- a precursor solution was prepared by dissolving CsBr and PbBr 2 prepared in Example 1 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
- hydrobromic acid was added dropwise to the precursor solution, and an orange precipitate was formed.
- the filtrate was removed and separated through a centrifuge, and the precipitate (CsPbBr 3 ) was purified by washing with ethanol.
- an organic substrate (1.1 mm thick, 15.0 ⁇ /sq) coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) to a thickness of about 110 nm was mixed with acetone and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). were sequentially washed for 1 hour using an ultrasonic cleaner.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- a hole transport layer (NiO x ) having a thickness of 30 nm was formed on the ITO substrate through an E-beam vacuum deposition method.
- a solution formed by dissolving 2PACz in ethanol at a concentration of 2 mM was formed on the hole transport layer (NiO x ) through spin coating, and heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a 2PACz hole transport layer having a thickness of 15 to 20 nm. .
- an electron transport layer (LiF) having a thickness of 0.8 nm was formed on the perovskite light absorption layer through a thermal evaporation method.
- a passivation layer (C 60 fullerene) having a thickness of 13 nm was formed on the electron transport layer through a thermal evaporation method.
- a solution formed by dissolving BCP in ethanol was spin-coated on the passivation layer to form a BCP electron transport layer having a thickness of 5 to 10 nm.
- a source electrode was formed by depositing silver (Ag) at a pressure of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 torr to a thickness of 150 nm on the BCP layer to prepare a perovskite solar cell with an inverse structure.
- a perovskite solar cell with an inverse structure was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, but using the perovskite of Preparation Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Preparation Examples 1 to 5 instead of the perovskite of Preparation Example 1 Each solar cell was manufactured (see Table 4).
- the perovskite (Production Examples 7 to 12) prepared using CsBr prepared by the manufacturing method of the present invention is a perovskite made of commercially available CsBr as a material for the light absorption layer. It was confirmed that the solar cells to which the skyte (Comparative Example 6) was applied had a relatively higher light conversion efficiency. On the other hand, the solar cells of Comparative Preparation Examples 7 to 10 had lower solar cells than those of Comparative Preparation Example 6. showed performance.
- the cesium halide manufacturing method of the present invention can produce cesium halide in high yield and high purity, and also, the device used in forming the perovskite (photoactive layer) It was confirmed that the purity is a major factor affecting the performance of the solar cell.
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Abstract
Description
| 구분 | 세척용매 | 극성도 | 쌍극자 모멘트 | 유전상수 |
| 실시예 1 | 아세톤 | 5.1 | 2.72 | 20.7 |
| 실시예 2 | 메탄올 | 5.1 | 1.69 | 24 |
| 실시예 3 | 에틸 알코올 | 5.2 | 1.66 | 25.3 |
| 실시예 4 | MEK | 4.7 | 2.76 | 18.9 |
| 실시예 5 | MIBK | 4.2 | 2.80 | 13.1 |
| 실시예 6 | 아세토나이트릴 | 5.8 | 3.92 | 37 |
| 비교예 1 | Hexane | 0.1 | 0.08 | 1.9 |
| 비교예 2 | Ether | 0.1 | 1.15 | 4.3 |
| 비교예 3 | Toluene | 2.4 | 0.36 | 2.3 |
| 비교예 4 | Benzene | 2.7 | 0.00 | 2.4 |
| 구분 | 세척용매 | 수율(%)/ 순도(%) |
| 실시예 1 | 아세톤 | 98.4 / 99.9 |
| 실시예 2 | 메탄올 | 87.2 / 99.2 |
| 실시예 3 | 에틸 알코올 | 86.5 / 99.2 |
| 실시예 4 | MEK | 85.1 / 99.0 |
| 실시예 5 | MIBK | 84.2 / 98.6 |
| 실시예 6 | 아세토나이트릴 | 83.0 / 98.0 |
| 비교예 1 | 헥센 | 71.4 / 83.2 |
| 비교예 2 | 에테르 | 68.5 / 83.0 |
| 비교예 3 | 톨루엔 | 70.2 /81.3 |
| 비교예 4 | 벤젠 | 62.1 / 78.4 |
| 구분 | CsBr 전구체 |
| 제조예 1 | 실시예 1 |
| 제조예 2 | 실시예 2 |
| 제조예 3 | 실시예 3 |
| 제조예 4 | 실시예 4 |
| 제조예 5 | 실시예 5 |
| 제조예 6 | 실시예 6 |
| 비교제조예 1 | CsBr(TCI사 제품) |
| 비교제조예 2 | 비교예 1 |
| 비교제조예 3 | 비교예 2 |
| 비교제조예 4 | 비교예 3 |
| 비교제조예 5 | 비교예 4 |
| 태양전지 | 페로브스카이트 | CsBr 전구체 |
| 제조예 7 | 제조예 1 | 실시예 1 |
| 제조예 8 | 제조예 2 | 실시예 2 |
| 제조예 9 | 제조예 3 | 실시예 3 |
| 제조예 10 | 제조예 4 | 실시예 4 |
| 제조예 11 | 제조예 5 | 실시예 5 |
| 제조예 12 | 제조예 6 | 실시예 6 |
| 비교제조예 6 | 비교제조예 1 | CsBr(TCI사 제품) |
| 비교제조예 7 | 비교제조예 2 | 비교예 1 |
| 비교제조예 8 | 비교제조예 3 | 비교예 2 |
| 비교제조예 9 | 비교제조예 4 | 비교예 3 |
| 비교제조예 10 | 비교제조예 5 | 비교예 4 |
| 구분 | 개방전압 (Voc, V) |
단락 전류밀도 (Jsc, mA/cm2) |
필 팩터 (FF) |
광전 변환효율 (%) |
| 제조예 7 | 1.148 | 21.31 | 75.96 | 18.59 |
| 제조예 8 | 1.145 | 21.24 | 75.87 | 18.50 |
| 제조예 9 | 1.144 | 21.21 | 75.84 | 18.49 |
| 제조예 10 | 1.140 | 21.13 | 75.53 | 18.22 |
| 제조예 11 | 1.139 | 21.04 | 75.47 | 18.11 |
| 제조예 12 | 1.138 | 20.93 | 75.39 | 17.97 |
| 비교제조예 6 | 1.137 | 20.87 | 75.36 | 17.89 |
| 비교제조예 7 | 1.089 | 19.25 | 74.43 | 17.35 |
| 비교제조예 8 | 1.072 | 19.07 | 74.04 | 17.32 |
| 비교제조예 9 | 1.024 | 18.82 | 73.18 | 16.24 |
| 비교제조예 10 | 0.989 | 17.79 | 71.27 | 15.76 |
Claims (8)
- Cs2CO3 수용액을 준비하는 1단계;교반 하에서 상기 Cs2CO3 수용액에 할로겐화수소(HX) 수용액을 적가하여 반응을 수행하는 2단계;세척용매에 2단계를 수행한 반응용액을 투입 및 세척하여 혼합액을 제조하는 3단계; 및3단계의 혼합액을 필터링한 후, 건조하여 세슘할라이드 분말을 수득하는 4단계;를 포함하는 공정을 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 세슘할라이드 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 1단계의 Cs2CO3 수용액은 Cs2CO3 40 ~ 50 중량% 및 잔량의 물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 세슘할라이드 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 2단계의 할로겐화수소(HX) 수용액 할로겐화수소 46 ~ 50 중량% 및 잔량의 물을 포함하며,2단계의 적가는 Cs2CO3 수용액 및 할로겐화수소(HX) 수용액을 1 : 0.87 ~ 1 부피비가 되도록 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 세슘할라이드 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 3단계의 세척용매는 극성도 4 ~ 6, 쌍극자 모멘트(dipole moment) 1.60 ~ 4.00 (debye, D) 및 유전상수 13 ~ 37인 것을 특징으로 하는 세슘할라이드 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 3단계의 상기 혼합액은 반응용액 및 세척용액을 1 : 5 부피비 이상으로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 세슘할라이드 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 4단계에서 수득한 세슘할라이드 분말은 수율 83 ~ 99% 및 순도 97 ~ 99.9%인 것을 특징으로 하는 세슘할라이드 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제6항 중에서 선택된 어느 한 항의 세슘할라이드를 이용한 페로브스카이트 복합재로서, 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 페로브스카이트 복합재;[화학식 1]CsaA(3-a)MXbX'(3-b)화학식 1에서, A는 1가 양이온으로서, 아민, 암모늄, 1족 금속, 2족 금속, 및/또는 다른 양이온 또는 양이온-유사 화합물이며, 상기 M은 2가 양이온으로서, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sn, Pb, Bi, Ge, Ti, Eu 및 Zr 중에서 선택된 1종 또는 2종을 포함하고, X 및 X'독립적으로 Cl, Br 또는 I이며(단, X와 X'는 서로 상이한 할로겐 원소이다), a는 0<a≤1의 정수이고, b는 0<a≤3의 정수이다.
- 제7항의 페로브스카이트 복합재를 광흡수층으로 포함하는 페로브스카이트 태양전지.
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| CN117305968A (zh) * | 2023-09-28 | 2023-12-29 | 深圳现象光伏科技有限公司 | α-FAPbI3晶体及其制备方法、钙钛矿太阳能电池 |
| WO2025091971A1 (zh) * | 2023-10-31 | 2025-05-08 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 太阳能电池及其制备方法、光伏组件、系统和装置 |
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| CN117819579A (zh) * | 2024-01-03 | 2024-04-05 | 浙江铱太科技有限公司 | 一种用于钙钛矿太阳电池的卤化铯盐的合成方法 |
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