WO2023165633A1 - Intelligent centralized control system and method for tunnel construction blasting and exhaust - Google Patents

Intelligent centralized control system and method for tunnel construction blasting and exhaust Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023165633A1
WO2023165633A1 PCT/CN2023/089785 CN2023089785W WO2023165633A1 WO 2023165633 A1 WO2023165633 A1 WO 2023165633A1 CN 2023089785 W CN2023089785 W CN 2023089785W WO 2023165633 A1 WO2023165633 A1 WO 2023165633A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tunnel
exhaust
blasting
programmable logic
logic controller
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/089785
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孙宏义
李再强
王长龙
王大伟
冀晓莹
吴雄
何长明
张雄飞
邹建伟
王玮
陈飞龙
王忠明
郭闯
李治
Original Assignee
中铁九局集团电务工程有限公司
中铁九局集团有限公司
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Application filed by 中铁九局集团电务工程有限公司, 中铁九局集团有限公司 filed Critical 中铁九局集团电务工程有限公司
Priority to JP2024501256A priority Critical patent/JP2024526443A/en
Publication of WO2023165633A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023165633A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
    • G05B19/054—Input/output
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/006—Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
    • E21F5/02—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires by wetting or spraying
    • E21F5/04—Spraying barriers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/004—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying driving speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/008—Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/10—Plc systems
    • G05B2219/14—Plc safety
    • G05B2219/14005—Alarm
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to an intelligent centralized control system and method for blasting and ventilation in tunnel construction.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide an intelligent centralized control system and method for tunnel construction blasting exhaust to solve or alleviate the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
  • the application provides an intelligent centralized control system for tunnel construction blasting exhaust, including: a monitoring unit, a first programmable logic controller, a second programmable logic controller, an exhaust unit, and a dust suppression and spraying unit; Both the monitoring unit and the first programmable logic controller are located on the operation equipment of the tunnel construction and blasting; the monitoring unit is connected to the first programmable logic controller by communication, and the monitoring unit can control The environmental data of construction blasting is collected and sent to the first programmable logic controller; the first programmable logic controller judges the environmental data based on the preset logical relationship; wherein, in response to the The environmental data satisfies the preset logical relationship, and the first programmable logic controller issues control instructions; the second programmable logic controller is located at the entrance of the tunnel, and communicates with the first programmable logic controller Communication connection, controlling the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit according to the received control instructions; the exhaust unit and the dust suppression spray unit are installed in the tunnel, and are connected to the second programmable logic controller by communication ,
  • the environmental data of tunnel construction blasting is collected by the monitoring unit located on the operating equipment and sent to the first programmable logic controller, and the first programmable logic controller also located on the operating equipment is based on the preset logical relationship
  • the first programmable logic controller sends a control instruction to the second programmable logic controller located at the tunnel entrance, and the second programmable logic controller according to the control Instructions control the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel to perform frequency conversion operation to exhaust and remove dust in the tunnel.
  • the exhaust unit to automatically start, operate, and stop during the blasting construction of the tunnel, intelligently exhausts and removes dust during the blasting construction in the tunnel, realizes high-precision unmanned control of the tunnel construction, saves manpower and material resources, and improves construction efficiency.
  • the construction stability is strong, and the configuration is flexible and convenient, which further enhances the safety of the construction process.
  • Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the intelligent centralized control system that is used for tunnel construction blasting exhaust;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the monitoring unit on the operating equipment
  • Fig. 3 is a logic diagram of the pre-start of the exhaust unit
  • Fig. 4 is a logical schematic diagram of the start-up of the exhaust unit when the dust concentration is too high
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an alarm when the environmental data is abnormal
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of an intelligent centralized control method for blasting exhaust in tunnel construction.
  • Tunnel construction and excavation operations include drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation, slag discharge, etc.
  • the internal actual situation of the tunnel construction surface cannot be understood. Construction management) will inevitably lead to slow construction progress, too long or too short start-up time of exhaust and sprinkler systems, which will cause energy waste, and the internal environment of the tunnel cannot be detected in real time, posing safety hazards for construction personnel.
  • the applicant provided an intelligent centralized control technology for tunnel blasting exhaust, based on previous tunnel ventilation experience and research results on the current technical performance of ventilation equipment and other power supply equipment, comprehensive Considering possible situations during the construction process, realize high-precision unmanned control of tunnel construction, save construction manpower and material resources, and improve construction efficiency and construction safety.
  • the intelligent centralized control system for blasting powder discharge in tunnel construction includes: a monitoring unit, a first programmable logic controller, a second programmable logic controller, an exhaust unit and a dust suppression spray unit.
  • Both the monitoring unit and the first programmable logic controller are located on the operation equipment of the tunnel construction blasting; the monitoring unit communicates with the first programmable logic controller, and the monitoring unit can collect the environmental data of the tunnel construction blasting and send it to the first A programmable logic controller; the first programmable logic controller judges the environmental data based on the preset logical relationship; wherein, in response to the environmental data satisfying the preset logical relationship, the first programmable logic controller issues a control instruction; the second The second programmable logic controller is located at the entrance of the tunnel, and communicates with the first programmable logic controller, and controls the exhaust unit and/or the dust-reducing spray unit to operate with frequency conversion according to the received control instructions; the exhaust unit, dust-reducing spray unit Installed in the tunnel, all of them are connected in communication
  • the acquisition unit Through the acquisition unit, during the construction process in the tunnel, the working conditions of the construction personnel, the power supply of the equipment, the dust concentration generated by the blasting construction, the temperature and humidity of the construction environment in the tunnel, the noise, the concentration of harmful gases and other environmental data are monitored in real time, and The logical judgment of the environmental data is carried out through the logical relationship set in the first programmable logic controller installed in the operation equipment, so as to intelligently judge the actual situation of the construction site; and the control instructions made according to the actual situation are passed through the
  • the network system is transmitted to the second programmable logic controller located at the entrance of the tunnel, and the second programmable logic controller controls the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel according to the control instructions, and performs frequency conversion operation according to the actual construction conditions of the tunnel section to realize the
  • the intelligent, high-precision unmanned control of air exhaust and dust removal in the tunnel saves manpower and material resources, improves construction efficiency, and has strong construction stability and flexible and convenient configuration, which further enhances the safety of the construction process.
  • the monitoring unit includes: dust sensors, located at the four corners of the operating equipment, used to collect the real-time dust concentration of the tunnel construction blasting; Humidity sensor, located on work equipment One end away from the construction surface of the tunnel is used to collect the real-time temperature and real-time humidity during the blasting of the tunnel construction; the noise sensor is installed side by side with the temperature and humidity sensor at the rear end of the operating equipment, and is used for real-time monitoring during the blasting of the tunnel construction. Harmful gas sensors are installed side by side with dust sensors at the four corners of the operating equipment for real-time collection of harmful gas concentrations during tunnel construction and blasting; voltage and current sensors are connected to the main distribution box of the operating equipment for Collect the power loop current of the operating equipment during construction.
  • the dust sensor, human body induction sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, noise sensor, harmful gas sensor, and voltage and current sensor transmit the collected data to the first programmable logic controller in the form of 485 bus.
  • the voltage and current sensor is connected with the main distribution box of the operation equipment, and by collecting the power loop current of the operation equipment during construction, the first programmable logic controller can refer to and judge whether the blasting construction operation is completed.
  • the dust sensor can be an air quality transmitter with PM2.5 and PM10, a range of 0-1000 ⁇ g/m 3 , a resolution of 1 ⁇ g/m 3 , a consistency of ⁇ 10%, and dual-frequency data acquisition and automatic calibration.
  • the dust sensor also has laser anti-attenuation, so as to ensure the long-term stable operation of the dust sensor in the harsh environment in the tunnel.
  • Harmful gas sensors include: methane transmitter, carbon dioxide transmitter, carbon monoxide transmitter.
  • the range of the methane transmitter is 0-100% (LEL), the accuracy is ⁇ 5% FS, and the repeatability is less than or equal to ⁇ 7%.
  • the carbon dioxide transmitter uses infrared verification to measure the carbon dioxide concentration during tunnel construction blasting. In this way, the rapid and sensitive measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration in the tunnel can be realized, and the problem of drift at the end of life and long-term use of traditional electrochemical sensors can be avoided.
  • the measurement range of the carbon dioxide transmitter is 0-10000ppm, with its own temperature step, which is less affected by temperature.
  • the human body induction sensor adopts the human body pyroelectric infrared sensing module, and there are multiple human body pyroelectric infrared sensing modules, and the multiple human body pyroelectric infrared sensing modules are arranged in parallel at intervals of 5 meters along the axial direction of the operation equipment. Therefore, the detection sensitivity of the human body induction sensor is high, the detection range is wide, and the work is reliable, the service life is long, and it is not affected by temperature, humidity, noise, airflow, dust, optical fiber, etc., and can work in the harsh environment in the tunnel. It should be noted that the human body induction sensor adopts switching value transmission.
  • the temperature and humidity sensor is powered by a wide voltage range of 10-30 volts, and the particle sintered probe sheath is used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of temperature and humidity collection.
  • sensors can also be arranged on the operating equipment to realize the monitoring of different complex and changeable tunnel construction environments, improve the safety of tunnel blasting construction, reduce the risk of construction personnel, and improve the physical and mental health of construction personnel.
  • the intelligent centralized control system for tunnel construction blasting exhaust also includes: an alarm unit, which is connected to the first programmable logic controller; correspondingly, the first programmable logic controller judges the received The environmental data exceeds the set value, and sends an alarm command to the alarm unit; or, based on the preset logical relationship, the first programmable logic controller judges that the received environmental data does not change within a specified time, and sends an alarm command to the alarm unit.
  • the first programmable logic controller judges that there is no change in the environmental data collected by the monitoring unit within the specified time, it considers that the exhaust unit is faulty and sends an alarm command to the alarm unit.
  • the first programmable logic controller sends out the alarm command, it can also send relevant alarm information to the remote client through the network, so as to take timely and effective countermeasures.
  • the intelligent centralized control system for tunnel construction blasting exhaust also includes: an inspection switch, wherein the inspection switch is in a normally open state, and the inspection switch, the first programmable logic controller, the second programmable logic controller and the exhaust
  • the air unit forms an open-loop control; when the inspection switch is closed, the second programmable logic controller disconnects the control of the exhaust unit.
  • the first programmable logic controller receives the data collected by multiple dust sensors, it sums and averages the data collected by multiple dust sensors to obtain the average dust concentration in the tunnel. refers to the dust concentration collected by the dust concentration sensor, and refers to the average of the data collected by multiple dust sensors.
  • the first programmable logic controller finds the maximum value of the harmful gas concentration from the data collected by the multiple harmful gas sensors.
  • the harmful gas concentration collected by the harmful gas sensor referred to herein refers to the maximum value of the harmful gas concentration collected by multiple harmful gas sensors.
  • the exhaust unit is controlled to start, run, and stop automatically, and intelligent exhaust and dust removal are performed for blasting construction in the tunnel, so as to realize high-precision unmanned control of tunnel construction, save manpower and material resources, and improve
  • the construction efficiency is high, and the construction stability is strong, and the configuration is flexible and convenient, which further enhances the safety of the construction process.
  • the intelligent centralized control method for tunnel construction blasting exhaust includes:
  • Step S101 according to the collected environmental data of tunnel construction and blasting, and based on the preset logical relationship, determine whether to issue a control command;
  • the number of target personnel in the environmental data is zero, the noise data in the environmental data is less than the preset noise threshold, and the power loop current in the environmental data is less than the preset current threshold, determine to send out the exhaust Air unit pre-start command.
  • the time between each blasting interval input the preset start time in the first programmable logic controller, within the preset start time, if the collected noise data is less than The preset noise threshold and the human body induction sensor did not detect the construction workers, that is, all the construction workers were evacuated from the blasting construction site; if the power circuit current of the operating equipment was less than the preset current threshold, it was considered that the blasting construction operation was over, and it was determined to issue an exhaust unit warning. Start command, the exhaust unit is pre-started.
  • the preset noise threshold is 10dB; the preset current threshold is 2A.
  • the current monitored by the voltage and current sensor includes not only the power circuit current, but also other electrical equipment (such as lighting equipment).
  • Step S102 in response to the control command, control the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel, so as to exhaust and remove dust in the tunnel.
  • the control instruction includes the real-time operating frequency of the exhaust unit, and the real-time operating frequency of the exhaust unit is determined according to formula (1).
  • Formula (1) is as follows:
  • E represents the real-time operating frequency of the exhaust unit
  • H represents the dust concentration in the environmental data
  • H min represents the lower limit of the preset dust concentration
  • H max represents the upper limit of the preset dust concentration
  • the maximum operating frequency of the unit Indicates the minimum operating frequency of the exhaust unit.
  • the lower limit of dust concentration and the upper limit of dust concentration during blasting construction in the tunnel can be set in the second programmable logic controller. Adjust the lower limit and the upper limit of dust concentration.
  • the upper limit of the dust concentration of the exhaust unit is 800 ⁇ g/m 3 (PM10)
  • the lower limit of the dust concentration is 400 ⁇ g/m 3 (PM10)
  • the maximum operating frequency of the exhaust unit is 50HZ
  • the minimum operating frequency of the exhaust unit is 20HZ.
  • the second programmable logic controller controls the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel according to the control instruction to perform powder and dust removal in the tunnel. Specifically, in response to issuing a control instruction, and the dust concentration increases within the second preset time, control the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel to perform exhaust and dust removal in the tunnel; in response to issuing a control instruction, and the first 2. The dust concentration remains unchanged within the preset time, and the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel is controlled to stop running.
  • the first programmable logic controller After determining that the exhaust unit is pre-started, the first programmable logic controller sends a control instruction, and the second programmable logic controller starts timing, and within a period of time after the second programmable logic controller starts timing (the second preset time), if the blasting construction of the tunnel is successful, the first programmable logic controller judges that the dust concentration in the tunnel increases according to the dust concentration collected and the lower limit of the preset dust concentration, and sends an instruction to the second programmable logic controller, at this time , the second programmable logic controller starts the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit according to the preset start time, and exhausts and removes dust in the tunnel to improve the efficiency of exhaust and dust in the tunnel, and timely and effectively exhausts and removes dust in the tunnel to avoid Hysteresis of exhaust and dust removal.
  • the first programmable logic controller judges the dust concentration within the second preset time based on the collected dust concentration and the lower limit of the preset dust concentration. If there is no change in the concentration, an instruction is sent to the second programmable logic controller. At this time, the second programmable logic controller controls the exhaust unit to stop operating according to the instruction, so as to effectively save energy and avoid energy waste.
  • controlling the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel to perform exhaust and dust removal in the tunnel it also includes: in response to the third preset time when the dust concentration is less than the preset dust concentration lower limit, controlling the tunnel The exhaust unit inside stops working.
  • the exhaust unit starts according to the preset startup time, and after a period of frequency conversion operation (the third preset time), the first programmable logic controller, according to the collected dust concentration, Judging that the dust concentration in the tunnel has dropped to the lower limit of the preset dust concentration, an instruction is sent to the second programmable logic controller, and the second programmable logic controller controls the exhaust unit to stop running, so as to effectively save energy and avoid energy waste.
  • the intelligent centralized control method for tunnel construction blasting exhaust also includes: in response to the dust concentration exceeding the preset dust concentration upper limit, and after the exhaust unit reaches the maximum operating frequency, delaying the fourth preset time, the dust concentration still cannot be reduced When the upper limit of the preset dust concentration is reached, the fifth preset time of the dust suppression spray unit will be started automatically.
  • the dust suppression spray unit is installed in the tunnel, and the fifth preset time is determined according to formula (2).
  • Formula (2) is as follows:
  • t 5 represents the fifth preset time in seconds
  • L i represents the tunnel length of the i-th blasting construction in the tunnel, in meters.
  • the fourth preset time is the delayed start time of the dust suppression spray unit. After the maximum operating frequency of the exhaust unit runs for a period of time (the fourth preset time), the dust concentration in the tunnel still cannot be reduced to the preset dust concentration upper limit. At this time, the second programmable logic controller automatically starts the dust suppression spray unit to run for a period of time (fifth preset time), and the auxiliary exhaust unit removes dust in the tunnel to quickly reduce the dust concentration in the tunnel. For example, after the construction and blasting in the tunnel is successful, the dust concentration collected by the monitoring unit is greater than the preset dust concentration upper limit, and after the exhaust unit operates at the maximum operating frequency for 300 seconds (the fourth preset time), the dust suppression spray unit 300 is automatically activated.
  • the running time of the dust suppression and spraying unit is precisely controlled in seconds, which effectively improves the control accuracy of the air exhaust and dust removal.
  • the exhaust unit If there is no change in the dust concentration in the tunnel after the exhaust unit operates with frequency conversion for a period of time (the third preset time), that is, the dust concentration range is within the range of ⁇ 100 ⁇ g/m 3 , then the exhaust unit is considered to be faulty, and timely Send an alarm command to the alarm unit, and push the alarm information to the remote client.
  • the exhaust unit has multiple control modes, including: local mode, remote control mode and automatic mode, the first PLC in the construction tunnel, the second PLC at the tunnel opening and the remote client At the end, you can control the operation of the powder exhaust unit, check the operating parameters of the exhaust unit, etc.

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Abstract

Provided are an intelligent centralized control system and method for tunnel construction blasting and exhaust. A monitoring unit and a first programmable logic controller are both located on an operation device for tunnel construction blasting. The monitoring unit is in communication connection with the first programmable logic controller. The monitoring unit is used for collecting environment data of tunnel construction blasting and sending same to the first programmable logic controller. According to the collected environment data of tunnel construction blasting, the first programmable logic controller determines, on the basis of a preset logic relationship, whether to send a control instruction (S101). If the environment data satisfies the preset logic relationship, the first programmable logic controller sends the control instruction; a second programmable logic controller is located at an end of the tunnel and is in communication connection with the first programmable logic controller and an exhaust unit. In response to the sent control instruction, the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel is controlled to perform frequency conversion operation, so as to exhaust dust in the tunnel (S102). Thus, high-precision unmanned management and control of tunnel construction can be realized.

Description

一种用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制系统和方法An intelligent centralized control system and method for blasting exhaust in tunnel construction 技术领域technical field
本申请涉及隧道施工技术领域，特别涉及一种用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制系统和方法。The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to an intelligent centralized control system and method for blasting and ventilation in tunnel construction.
背景技术Background technique
隧道内施工过程中，需要将运输车辆尾气、炮烟、施工过程产生的粉尘等排出洞外，将新鲜空气引入洞内以保证施工人员的安全性和舒适性，保护洞内人员的身体健康。而合理的通风系统、理想的通风效果是实现隧道快速施工、保障施工安全和施工人员身心健康的重要保证。During the construction process in the tunnel, it is necessary to discharge the exhaust of transport vehicles, gun smoke, and dust generated during the construction process, and introduce fresh air into the tunnel to ensure the safety and comfort of the construction personnel and protect the health of the personnel in the tunnel. A reasonable ventilation system and an ideal ventilation effect are important guarantees for rapid tunnel construction, construction safety, and physical and mental health of construction workers.
因而，亟需提供一种针对上述现有技术不足的技术方案。Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a technical solution for the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请的目的在于提供一种用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制系统和方法，以解决或缓解上述现有技术中存在的问题。The purpose of this application is to provide an intelligent centralized control system and method for tunnel construction blasting exhaust to solve or alleviate the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
为了实现上述目的，本申请提供如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the application provides the following technical solutions:
本申请提供一种用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制系统，包括：监测单元、第一可编程逻辑控制器、第二可编程逻辑控制器、排风单元、降尘喷淋单元；所述监测单元和所述第一可编程逻辑控制器均位于所述隧道施工爆破的作业设备上；所述监测单元与所述第一可编程逻辑控制器通讯连接，所述监测单元能够对所述隧道施工爆破的环境数据进行采集，并发送至所述第一可编程逻辑控制器；所述第一可编程逻辑控制器基于预设逻辑关系，对所述环境数据进行判断；其中，响应于所述环境数据满足所述预设逻辑关系，所述第一可编程逻辑控制器发出控制指令；所述第二可编程逻辑控制器位于所述隧道的洞口，且与所述第一可编程逻辑控制器通讯连接，根据接收到的所述控制指令控制所述排风单元变频运转；所述排风单元、降尘喷淋单元安装于所述隧道内，均与所述第二可编程逻辑控制器通讯连接，用于根据所述第二可编程逻辑控制器的控制进行变频运转，以对所述隧道内进行排风除尘。 The application provides an intelligent centralized control system for tunnel construction blasting exhaust, including: a monitoring unit, a first programmable logic controller, a second programmable logic controller, an exhaust unit, and a dust suppression and spraying unit; Both the monitoring unit and the first programmable logic controller are located on the operation equipment of the tunnel construction and blasting; the monitoring unit is connected to the first programmable logic controller by communication, and the monitoring unit can control The environmental data of construction blasting is collected and sent to the first programmable logic controller; the first programmable logic controller judges the environmental data based on the preset logical relationship; wherein, in response to the The environmental data satisfies the preset logical relationship, and the first programmable logic controller issues control instructions; the second programmable logic controller is located at the entrance of the tunnel, and communicates with the first programmable logic controller Communication connection, controlling the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit according to the received control instructions; the exhaust unit and the dust suppression spray unit are installed in the tunnel, and are connected to the second programmable logic controller by communication , for performing frequency conversion operation according to the control of the second programmable logic controller, so as to exhaust and remove dust in the tunnel.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
通过位于作业设备上的监测单元对隧道施工爆破的环境数据进行采集并发送至第一可编程逻辑控制器，由同样位于作业设备上的第一可编程逻辑控制器基于预设逻辑关系，根据采集到的环境数据进行判断，当环境数据满足预设逻辑关系时，第一可编程逻辑控制器发出控制指令至位于隧道洞口的第二可编程逻辑控制器，由第二可编程逻辑控制器根据控制指令控制隧道内安装的排风单元进行变频运转，对隧道内进行排风除尘。籍此，使隧道爆破施工时，排风单元自动启动、运转、停止，对隧道内爆破施工进行智能排风、除尘，实现隧道施工的高精度无人化管控，节约人力物力，提高施工效率，且施工稳定性强，配置灵活方便，进一步增强了施工过程的安全性。The environmental data of tunnel construction blasting is collected by the monitoring unit located on the operating equipment and sent to the first programmable logic controller, and the first programmable logic controller also located on the operating equipment is based on the preset logical relationship When the environmental data meets the preset logical relationship, the first programmable logic controller sends a control instruction to the second programmable logic controller located at the tunnel entrance, and the second programmable logic controller according to the control Instructions control the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel to perform frequency conversion operation to exhaust and remove dust in the tunnel. This enables the exhaust unit to automatically start, operate, and stop during the blasting construction of the tunnel, intelligently exhausts and removes dust during the blasting construction in the tunnel, realizes high-precision unmanned control of the tunnel construction, saves manpower and material resources, and improves construction efficiency. Moreover, the construction stability is strong, and the configuration is flexible and convenient, which further enhances the safety of the construction process.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为一种用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制系统的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the intelligent centralized control system that is used for tunnel construction blasting exhaust;
图2为监测单元在作业设备上的安装示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the monitoring unit on the operating equipment;
图3为排风单元预启动的逻辑关系图；Fig. 3 is a logic diagram of the pre-start of the exhaust unit;
图4为粉尘浓度过高时排风单元启动的逻辑示意图；Fig. 4 is a logical schematic diagram of the start-up of the exhaust unit when the dust concentration is too high;
图5为环境数据异常时的报警示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an alarm when the environmental data is abnormal;
图6为一种用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制方法的流程示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of an intelligent centralized control method for blasting exhaust in tunnel construction.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
隧道施工开挖作业包括钻孔、装药、爆破、通风、出渣等，在现有的施工过程中，钻孔、装药结束后，人员撤离，启动爆破，使用对讲机通知洞口人员启动排风单元，等待一段时间待粉尘吹出后，启动降尘喷淋单元，全程人工参与控制，爆破后不能了解隧道施工面的内部实际情况，随着施工的伸入，盲管(不了解施工面情况下进行施工管理)会不可避免的造成施工进度缓慢，排风、喷淋系统启动时间过长或过短，会造成能源浪费，隧道内部环境无法实时检测发出，存在施工人员安全隐患。Tunnel construction and excavation operations include drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation, slag discharge, etc. In the existing construction process, after drilling and charging, personnel evacuate, start blasting, and use walkie-talkies to notify personnel at the entrance to start exhausting unit, wait for a period of time for the dust to blow out, start the dust suppression spray unit, and manually participate in the control during the whole process. After the blasting, the internal actual situation of the tunnel construction surface cannot be understood. Construction management) will inevitably lead to slow construction progress, too long or too short start-up time of exhaust and sprinkler systems, which will cause energy waste, and the internal environment of the tunnel cannot be detected in real time, posing safety hazards for construction personnel.
为使在隧道施工尤其是铁路隧道施工(铁路隧道单洞连续里程长施工空间狭窄，数据监测难度大、地质条件复杂)过程中，能够通过合理的通风系统达到理想的通风效果，以加快隧道施工进度、保证施工安全和人员身心健康，申请人提供了一种用于隧道施爆破排风的智能集中控制技术，根据以往隧道通风经验以及对当前通风设备技术性能及其它供电设备的调研结果，综 合考虑施工过程中可能出现的情况，实现隧道施工的高精度无人化管控，节约施工的人力、物力，提高施工效率以及施工安全。In order to achieve the ideal ventilation effect through a reasonable ventilation system in the process of tunnel construction, especially the construction of railway tunnels (the continuous mileage of railway tunnels is narrow, the construction space is narrow, the data monitoring is difficult, and the geological conditions are complex), so as to speed up tunnel construction progress, ensure construction safety and personnel physical and mental health, the applicant provided an intelligent centralized control technology for tunnel blasting exhaust, based on previous tunnel ventilation experience and research results on the current technical performance of ventilation equipment and other power supply equipment, comprehensive Considering possible situations during the construction process, realize high-precision unmanned control of tunnel construction, save construction manpower and material resources, and improve construction efficiency and construction safety.
如图1-图5所示，该用于隧道施工爆破排粉的智能集中控制系统包括：监测单元、第一可编程逻辑控制器、第二可编程逻辑控制器、排风单元和降尘喷淋单元。监测单元和第一可编程逻辑控制器均位于隧道施工爆破的作业设备上；监测单元与第一可编程逻辑控制器通讯连接，监测单元能够对隧道施工爆破的环境数据进行采集，并发送至第一可编程逻辑控制器；第一可编程逻辑控制器基于预设逻辑关系，对环境数据进行判断；其中，响应于环境数据满足预设逻辑关系，第一可编程逻辑控制器发出控制指令；第二可编程逻辑控制器位于隧道洞口，且与第一可编程逻辑控制器通讯连接，根据接收到的控制指令控制排风单元和/或降尘喷淋单元变频运转；排风单元、降尘喷淋单元安装于隧道内，均与第二可编程逻辑控制器通讯连接，用于根据第二可编程逻辑控制器的控制进行变频运转，以对隧道内进行排风除尘。As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the intelligent centralized control system for blasting powder discharge in tunnel construction includes: a monitoring unit, a first programmable logic controller, a second programmable logic controller, an exhaust unit and a dust suppression spray unit. Both the monitoring unit and the first programmable logic controller are located on the operation equipment of the tunnel construction blasting; the monitoring unit communicates with the first programmable logic controller, and the monitoring unit can collect the environmental data of the tunnel construction blasting and send it to the first A programmable logic controller; the first programmable logic controller judges the environmental data based on the preset logical relationship; wherein, in response to the environmental data satisfying the preset logical relationship, the first programmable logic controller issues a control instruction; the second The second programmable logic controller is located at the entrance of the tunnel, and communicates with the first programmable logic controller, and controls the exhaust unit and/or the dust-reducing spray unit to operate with frequency conversion according to the received control instructions; the exhaust unit, dust-reducing spray unit Installed in the tunnel, all of them are connected in communication with the second programmable logic controller, and are used to perform frequency conversion operation according to the control of the second programmable logic controller, so as to exhaust and remove dust in the tunnel.
将监测单元安装在隧道施工爆破的作业设备，比如，作业台车上，实现对爆破施工的掌子面的现场环境的实时监测，及时、有效的将爆破施工的现场情况进行反映，通过远程控制端实现爆破施工的现场管理，实现施工现场的高精准管控，降低安全隐患，提高施工人员的施工安全。Install the monitoring unit on the operation equipment of the tunnel construction blasting, such as the operation trolley, to realize the real-time monitoring of the site environment of the blasting construction face, timely and effectively reflect the site conditions of the blasting construction, and through remote control Realize on-site management of blasting construction on the terminal, realize high-precision control of the construction site, reduce potential safety hazards, and improve construction safety of construction personnel.
通过采集单元对隧道内施工过程中，施工人员的工作情况、设备的供电情况、爆破施工产生的粉尘浓度、隧道内施工环境的温湿度、噪声、有害气体的浓度等环境数据进行实时监测，并通过安装于作业设备中的第一可编程逻辑控制器中设定的逻辑关系对环境数据进行逻辑判定，以此智能判断施工现场的实际情况；并将根据实际情况作出的控制指令通过隧道内的网络系统传输至位于隧道洞口的第二可编程逻辑控制器，由第二可编程逻辑控制器根据控制指令控制设立在隧道内的排风单元，按照隧道断面施工的实际情况进行变频运转，实现对隧道内排风除尘的智能、高精度无人化管控，节约人力物力，提高施工效率，且施工稳定性强，配置灵活方便，进一步增强了施工过程的安全性。Through the acquisition unit, during the construction process in the tunnel, the working conditions of the construction personnel, the power supply of the equipment, the dust concentration generated by the blasting construction, the temperature and humidity of the construction environment in the tunnel, the noise, the concentration of harmful gases and other environmental data are monitored in real time, and The logical judgment of the environmental data is carried out through the logical relationship set in the first programmable logic controller installed in the operation equipment, so as to intelligently judge the actual situation of the construction site; and the control instructions made according to the actual situation are passed through the The network system is transmitted to the second programmable logic controller located at the entrance of the tunnel, and the second programmable logic controller controls the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel according to the control instructions, and performs frequency conversion operation according to the actual construction conditions of the tunnel section to realize the The intelligent, high-precision unmanned control of air exhaust and dust removal in the tunnel saves manpower and material resources, improves construction efficiency, and has strong construction stability and flexible and convenient configuration, which further enhances the safety of the construction process.
监测单元包括：粉尘传感器，位于作业设备的四角，用于对隧道施工爆破的实时粉尘浓度进行采集；人体感应传感器，沿作业设备的周向均布，用于对作业设备周边的目标人员进行感应；温湿度传感器，位于作业设备上远 离隧道的施工面的一端，以对所述隧道施工爆破时的实时温度、实时湿度进行采集；噪声传感器，与温湿度传感器并列安装于作业设备的后端，用于对隧道施工爆破时的实时噪声进行采集；有害气体传感器，与粉尘传感器并列安装于作业设备的四角，用于对隧道施工爆破时的有害气体浓度进行实时采集；电压电流传感器，与作业设备的总配电箱连接，用于对作业设备施工时的动力回路电流进行采集。The monitoring unit includes: dust sensors, located at the four corners of the operating equipment, used to collect the real-time dust concentration of the tunnel construction blasting; Humidity sensor, located on work equipment One end away from the construction surface of the tunnel is used to collect the real-time temperature and real-time humidity during the blasting of the tunnel construction; the noise sensor is installed side by side with the temperature and humidity sensor at the rear end of the operating equipment, and is used for real-time monitoring during the blasting of the tunnel construction. Harmful gas sensors are installed side by side with dust sensors at the four corners of the operating equipment for real-time collection of harmful gas concentrations during tunnel construction and blasting; voltage and current sensors are connected to the main distribution box of the operating equipment for Collect the power loop current of the operating equipment during construction.
粉尘传感器、人体感应传感器、温湿度传感器、噪声传感器、有害气体传感器、电压电流传感器采用485总线形式将采集到的数据传输至第一可编程逻辑控制器。其中，电压电流传感器与作业设备的总配电箱连接，通过对作业设备施工时的动力回路电流进行采集，由第一可编程逻辑控制器对爆破施工作业是否结束进行参考判断。The dust sensor, human body induction sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, noise sensor, harmful gas sensor, and voltage and current sensor transmit the collected data to the first programmable logic controller in the form of 485 bus. Wherein, the voltage and current sensor is connected with the main distribution box of the operation equipment, and by collecting the power loop current of the operation equipment during construction, the first programmable logic controller can refer to and judge whether the blasting construction operation is completed.
粉尘传感器可以采用具有PM2.5、PM10，量程为0～1000μg/m3，分辨率为1μg/m3、一致性达到±10％，具有双频数据采集及自动标定的空气质量变送器，同时，粉尘传感器还具有激光防衰减，以此保证粉尘传感器在隧道内恶劣环境下的长期稳定工作。The dust sensor can be an air quality transmitter with PM2.5 and PM10, a range of 0-1000μg/m 3 , a resolution of 1μg/m 3 , a consistency of ±10%, and dual-frequency data acquisition and automatic calibration. At the same time, the dust sensor also has laser anti-attenuation, so as to ensure the long-term stable operation of the dust sensor in the harsh environment in the tunnel.
有害气体传感器包括：甲烷变送器、二氧化碳变送器、一氧化碳变送器。甲烷变送器的量程为0-100％(LEL)，精度为±5％FS，重复性小于等于±7％的隔爆型甲烷变送器。其中，LEL为甲烷的测量单位，10％LEL＝5000ppm＝0.5％VOL；重复性是指相同环境下不同时间测试的数据误差。Harmful gas sensors include: methane transmitter, carbon dioxide transmitter, carbon monoxide transmitter. The range of the methane transmitter is 0-100% (LEL), the accuracy is ±5% FS, and the repeatability is less than or equal to ±7%. Among them, LEL is the measurement unit of methane, 10%LEL=5000ppm=0.5%VOL; repeatability refers to the data error of testing at different times under the same environment.
二氧化碳变送器采用红外检定对隧道施工爆破时的二氧化碳浓度进行测量。籍此，实现对隧道内二氧化碳浓度的快速、灵敏测量，避免传统电化学传感器的寿命端、长时间使用存在漂移的问题。二氧化碳变送器的测量范围为0-10000ppm，自带温度步长，受温度影响小。The carbon dioxide transmitter uses infrared verification to measure the carbon dioxide concentration during tunnel construction blasting. In this way, the rapid and sensitive measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration in the tunnel can be realized, and the problem of drift at the end of life and long-term use of traditional electrochemical sensors can be avoided. The measurement range of the carbon dioxide transmitter is 0-10000ppm, with its own temperature step, which is less affected by temperature.
人体感应传感器采用人体热释红外感应模块，人体热释电红外感应模块有多个，多个人体热释电红外感应模块沿作业设备的轴向间隔5米并联设置。使得，人体感应传感器检测灵敏度稿，探测范围宽，而且工作可靠，寿命长，不受温度、湿度、噪声、气流、尘埃、光纤等的影响，能够在隧道内的恶劣环境下工作。需要说明的是，人体感应传感器采用开关量传输。The human body induction sensor adopts the human body pyroelectric infrared sensing module, and there are multiple human body pyroelectric infrared sensing modules, and the multiple human body pyroelectric infrared sensing modules are arranged in parallel at intervals of 5 meters along the axial direction of the operation equipment. Therefore, the detection sensitivity of the human body induction sensor is high, the detection range is wide, and the work is reliable, the service life is long, and it is not affected by temperature, humidity, noise, airflow, dust, optical fiber, etc., and can work in the harsh environment in the tunnel. It should be noted that the human body induction sensor adopts switching value transmission.
温湿度传感器采用10～30伏的宽电压范围供电，以及颗粒烧结探头护套，以此保证温湿度采集的精度和可靠性。 The temperature and humidity sensor is powered by a wide voltage range of 10-30 volts, and the particle sintered probe sheath is used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of temperature and humidity collection.
在作业设备上还可以布置其它类型的传感器，实现对不同复杂、多变的隧道施工环境的监测，提高隧道爆破施工的安全性，降低施工人员的风险，提高施工人员的身心健康。Other types of sensors can also be arranged on the operating equipment to realize the monitoring of different complex and changeable tunnel construction environments, improve the safety of tunnel blasting construction, reduce the risk of construction personnel, and improve the physical and mental health of construction personnel.
用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制系统还包括：报警单元，该报警单元与第一可编程逻辑控制器连接；对应的，第一可编程逻辑控制器基于预设逻辑关系，判断接收到的环境数据超过设定值，向报警单元发出报警指令；或者，第一可编程逻辑控制器基于预设逻辑关系，判断接收到的环境数据在规定时间内无变化，向报警单元发出报警指令。The intelligent centralized control system for tunnel construction blasting exhaust also includes: an alarm unit, which is connected to the first programmable logic controller; correspondingly, the first programmable logic controller judges the received The environmental data exceeds the set value, and sends an alarm command to the alarm unit; or, based on the preset logical relationship, the first programmable logic controller judges that the received environmental data does not change within a specified time, and sends an alarm command to the alarm unit.
当隧道内的环境温度、湿度、有害气体浓度中的任一项大于预设温度值、预设湿度值、预设气体浓度值，即刻启动报警，向报警单元发出报警指令。另一种情况下，如果第一可编程逻辑控制器判断在规定时间内，监测单元采集到的环境数据无变化，则认为排风单元故障，向报警单元发出报警指令。在此，第一可编程逻辑控制器发出报警指令后，还可以通过网络将相关报警信息发送给远程客户端，以便及时有效的作出应对措施。When any of the ambient temperature, humidity, and harmful gas concentration in the tunnel is greater than the preset temperature value, preset humidity value, and preset gas concentration value, an alarm is immediately activated and an alarm command is sent to the alarm unit. In another case, if the first programmable logic controller judges that there is no change in the environmental data collected by the monitoring unit within the specified time, it considers that the exhaust unit is faulty and sends an alarm command to the alarm unit. Here, after the first programmable logic controller sends out the alarm command, it can also send relevant alarm information to the remote client through the network, so as to take timely and effective countermeasures.
在用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制系统中，还包括：检修开关，其中，检修开关为常开状态，检修开关、第一可编程逻辑控制器、第二可编程逻辑控制器以及排风单元组成开环控制；当检修开关闭合，第二可编程逻辑控制器断开对排风单元的控制。In the intelligent centralized control system for tunnel construction blasting exhaust, it also includes: an inspection switch, wherein the inspection switch is in a normally open state, and the inspection switch, the first programmable logic controller, the second programmable logic controller and the exhaust The air unit forms an open-loop control; when the inspection switch is closed, the second programmable logic controller disconnects the control of the exhaust unit.
粉尘传感器有多个，第一可编程逻辑控制器在接收到多个粉尘传感器采集的数据后，对多个粉尘传感器采集的数据进行加和平均计算，获取隧道内的平均粉尘浓度，本文中所指的粉尘浓度传感器采集的粉尘浓度，均指多个粉尘传感器的采集数据的平均。There are multiple dust sensors. After the first programmable logic controller receives the data collected by multiple dust sensors, it sums and averages the data collected by multiple dust sensors to obtain the average dust concentration in the tunnel. refers to the dust concentration collected by the dust concentration sensor, and refers to the average of the data collected by multiple dust sensors.
有害气体传感器也有多个，第一可编程逻辑控制器在接收到多个有害气体传感器采集的数据后，从多个有害气体传感器采集的数据中找出有害气体浓度最大值。本文中所指的有害气体传感器采集的有害气体浓度，均指多个有害气体传感器采集的有害气体浓度的最大值。There are also multiple harmful gas sensors. After receiving the data collected by the multiple harmful gas sensors, the first programmable logic controller finds the maximum value of the harmful gas concentration from the data collected by the multiple harmful gas sensors. The harmful gas concentration collected by the harmful gas sensor referred to herein refers to the maximum value of the harmful gas concentration collected by multiple harmful gas sensors.
通过隧道爆破施工时的实时环境数据采集，控制排风单元自动启动、运转、停止，对隧道内爆破施工进行智能排风、除尘，实现隧道施工的高精度无人化管控，节约人力物力，提高施工效率，且施工稳定性强，配置灵活方便，进一步增强了施工过程的安全性。 Through the real-time environmental data collection during tunnel blasting construction, the exhaust unit is controlled to start, run, and stop automatically, and intelligent exhaust and dust removal are performed for blasting construction in the tunnel, so as to realize high-precision unmanned control of tunnel construction, save manpower and material resources, and improve The construction efficiency is high, and the construction stability is strong, and the configuration is flexible and convenient, which further enhances the safety of the construction process.
如图6所示，本申请提供的用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制方法包括：As shown in Figure 6, the intelligent centralized control method for tunnel construction blasting exhaust provided by the present application includes:
步骤S101、根据采集到的隧道施工爆破的环境数据，基于预设逻辑关系，确定是否发出控制指令；Step S101, according to the collected environmental data of tunnel construction and blasting, and based on the preset logical relationship, determine whether to issue a control command;
在隧道施工爆破过程中，如果爆破后再启动排风单元势必会造成排风时间延长，尤其是当隧道施工越来越长，检测到粉尘超标后再启动排风单元会耽搁很长一段时间，严重影响了隧道施工工期。本申请中，通过对采集到的隧道施工爆破的环境数据按照预设逻辑关系进行判断，确定是否发出控制指令——排风单元预启动的指令。以缩短对排风单元启动的判断、控制时间，通过排风单元预启动的提前设定，改善隧道施工过程中隧道内的当前施工环境，提高隧道内爆破施工的控制精度。During the blasting process of tunnel construction, if the exhaust unit is activated after blasting, the exhaust time will inevitably be prolonged, especially when the tunnel construction is getting longer and longer, and it will take a long time to start the exhaust unit after detecting that the dust exceeds the standard. Seriously affected the tunnel construction period. In this application, by judging the collected environmental data of tunnel construction and blasting according to the preset logical relationship, it is determined whether to issue a control instruction—an instruction to pre-start the exhaust unit. In order to shorten the judgment and control time for the start-up of the exhaust unit, the current construction environment in the tunnel during the tunnel construction process can be improved through the advance setting of the exhaust unit pre-start, and the control accuracy of blasting construction in the tunnel can be improved.
具体的，响应于预设启动时间内，环境数据中的目标人员数量为零、环境数据中的噪音数据小于预设噪音阈值，且环境数据中的动力回路电流小于预设电流阈值，确定发出排风单元预启动指令。也即，按照隧道爆破施工的当前班组的施工经验，每次爆破间隔的时间，在第一可编程逻辑控制器中输入预设启动时间，在预设启动时间内，如果采集到的噪音数据小于预设噪音阈值、人体感应传感器也没有感应到施工人员，即施工人员全部从爆破施工现场撤离；作业设备的动力回路电流小于预设电流阈值，则认为爆破施工作业结束，确定发出排风单元预启动指令，排风单元预启动。Specifically, in response to the preset starting time, the number of target personnel in the environmental data is zero, the noise data in the environmental data is less than the preset noise threshold, and the power loop current in the environmental data is less than the preset current threshold, determine to send out the exhaust Air unit pre-start command. That is to say, according to the construction experience of the current team of the tunnel blasting construction, the time between each blasting interval, input the preset start time in the first programmable logic controller, within the preset start time, if the collected noise data is less than The preset noise threshold and the human body induction sensor did not detect the construction workers, that is, all the construction workers were evacuated from the blasting construction site; if the power circuit current of the operating equipment was less than the preset current threshold, it was considered that the blasting construction operation was over, and it was determined to issue an exhaust unit warning. Start command, the exhaust unit is pre-started.
预设噪音阈值为10分贝；预设电流阈值为2A。电压电流传感器监测到的电流不但包括动力回路电流，还包括有其它用电设备(比如，照明设备)等。The preset noise threshold is 10dB; the preset current threshold is 2A. The current monitored by the voltage and current sensor includes not only the power circuit current, but also other electrical equipment (such as lighting equipment).
步骤S102、响应于发出控制指令，控制安装于隧道内排风单元变频运转，以对隧道内进行排风除尘。Step S102 , in response to the control command, control the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel, so as to exhaust and remove dust in the tunnel.
控制指令包括排风单元的实时运行频率，且按照公式(1)确定排风单元的实时运行频率。公式(1)如下：
The control instruction includes the real-time operating frequency of the exhaust unit, and the real-time operating frequency of the exhaust unit is determined according to formula (1). Formula (1) is as follows:
式中，E表示排风单元的实时运行频率；H表示环境数据中的粉尘浓度；Hmin表示预设粉尘浓度下限；Hmax表示预设粉尘浓度上限；Emax表示排风单 元的最大运行频率；表示排风单元的最小运行频率。In the formula, E represents the real-time operating frequency of the exhaust unit; H represents the dust concentration in the environmental data; H min represents the lower limit of the preset dust concentration; H max represents the upper limit of the preset dust concentration; The maximum operating frequency of the unit; Indicates the minimum operating frequency of the exhaust unit.
隧道内爆破施工时的粉尘浓度下限、粉尘浓度上限可以在第二可编程逻辑控制器中进行设定，同时，可以根据隧道内施工爆破的环境变化、以及地质条件变化，对设定的粉尘浓度下限、粉尘浓度上限进行调整。The lower limit of dust concentration and the upper limit of dust concentration during blasting construction in the tunnel can be set in the second programmable logic controller. Adjust the lower limit and the upper limit of dust concentration.
排风单元的粉尘浓度上限为800μg/m3(PM10)，粉尘浓度下限为400μg/m3(PM10)，排风单元的最大运行频率为50HZ，排风单元的最小运行频率为20HZ。The upper limit of the dust concentration of the exhaust unit is 800μg/m 3 (PM10), the lower limit of the dust concentration is 400μg/m 3 (PM10), the maximum operating frequency of the exhaust unit is 50HZ, and the minimum operating frequency of the exhaust unit is 20HZ.
响应于第一可编程逻辑控制器发出控制指令，由第二可编程逻辑控制器根据控制指令控制安装于隧道内的排风单元变频运转，对隧道内进行排粉除尘。具体的，响应于发出控制指令，且第二预设时间内粉尘浓度增大，控制安装于隧道内的排风单元变频运转，以对隧道内进行排风除尘；响应于发出控制指令，且第二预设时间内粉尘浓度不变，控制安装于隧道内的排风单元停止运转。In response to the control instruction issued by the first programmable logic controller, the second programmable logic controller controls the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel according to the control instruction to perform powder and dust removal in the tunnel. Specifically, in response to issuing a control instruction, and the dust concentration increases within the second preset time, control the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel to perform exhaust and dust removal in the tunnel; in response to issuing a control instruction, and the first 2. The dust concentration remains unchanged within the preset time, and the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel is controlled to stop running.
在确定排风单元预启动后，第一可编程逻辑控制器发出控制指令，第二可编程逻辑控制器开始计时，在第二可编程逻辑控制器开始计时后的一段时间内(第二预设时间)，如果隧道爆破施工成功，第一可编程逻辑控制器根据采集到的粉尘浓度和预设粉尘浓度下限，判断隧道内粉尘浓度增大，向第二可编程逻辑控制器发出指令，此时，第二可编程逻辑控制器按照预设启动时间启动排风单元变频运转，对隧道内进行排风除尘，以提高隧道排风除尘的效率，及时、有效的对隧道内进行排风除尘，避免排风除尘的滞后性。After determining that the exhaust unit is pre-started, the first programmable logic controller sends a control instruction, and the second programmable logic controller starts timing, and within a period of time after the second programmable logic controller starts timing (the second preset time), if the blasting construction of the tunnel is successful, the first programmable logic controller judges that the dust concentration in the tunnel increases according to the dust concentration collected and the lower limit of the preset dust concentration, and sends an instruction to the second programmable logic controller, at this time , the second programmable logic controller starts the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit according to the preset start time, and exhausts and removes dust in the tunnel to improve the efficiency of exhaust and dust in the tunnel, and timely and effectively exhausts and removes dust in the tunnel to avoid Hysteresis of exhaust and dust removal.
在隧道施工爆破过程中，如果爆破存在异常，比如炸药失效导致隧道内无爆破作业，第一可编程逻辑控制器根据采集到的粉尘浓度和预设粉尘浓度下限，判断第二预设时间内粉尘浓度无变化，向第二可编程逻辑控制器发出指令，此时，第二可编程逻辑控制器根据指令控制排风单元停止运转，以有效的节约能耗，避免能源浪费。During the tunnel construction blasting process, if there is an abnormality in the blasting, such as the failure of explosives and no blasting operations in the tunnel, the first programmable logic controller judges the dust concentration within the second preset time based on the collected dust concentration and the lower limit of the preset dust concentration. If there is no change in the concentration, an instruction is sent to the second programmable logic controller. At this time, the second programmable logic controller controls the exhaust unit to stop operating according to the instruction, so as to effectively save energy and avoid energy waste.
在响应于发出控制指令，控制安装于隧道内的排风单元变频运转，以对隧道内进行排风除尘之后，还包括：响应于粉尘浓度小于预设粉尘浓度下限第三预设时间，控制隧道内的排风单元停止运转。In response to issuing the control command, controlling the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel to perform exhaust and dust removal in the tunnel, it also includes: in response to the third preset time when the dust concentration is less than the preset dust concentration lower limit, controlling the tunnel The exhaust unit inside stops working.
也即，在成功爆破后，排风单元按照预设启动时间启动，变频运转一段时间(第三预设时间)后，第一可编程逻辑控制器根据采集到的粉尘浓度， 判断隧道内的粉尘浓度降低到预设粉尘浓度下限，向第二可编程逻辑控制器发出指令，第二可编程逻辑控制器控制排风单元停止运行，以有效的节约能耗，避免能源浪费。That is, after successful blasting, the exhaust unit starts according to the preset startup time, and after a period of frequency conversion operation (the third preset time), the first programmable logic controller, according to the collected dust concentration, Judging that the dust concentration in the tunnel has dropped to the lower limit of the preset dust concentration, an instruction is sent to the second programmable logic controller, and the second programmable logic controller controls the exhaust unit to stop running, so as to effectively save energy and avoid energy waste.
用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制方法还包括：响应于粉尘浓度超过预设粉尘浓度上限，且排风单元达到最大运行频率后，延时第四预设时间，依然无法使粉尘浓度降低到预设粉尘浓度上限，自动启动降尘喷淋单元第五预设时间。The intelligent centralized control method for tunnel construction blasting exhaust also includes: in response to the dust concentration exceeding the preset dust concentration upper limit, and after the exhaust unit reaches the maximum operating frequency, delaying the fourth preset time, the dust concentration still cannot be reduced When the upper limit of the preset dust concentration is reached, the fifth preset time of the dust suppression spray unit will be started automatically.
其中，降尘喷淋单元安装于隧道内，第五预设时间按照公式(2)确定。公式(2)如下：
Wherein, the dust suppression spray unit is installed in the tunnel, and the fifth preset time is determined according to formula (2). Formula (2) is as follows:
式中，t5表示第五预设时间，单位为秒；Li表示隧道第i次爆破施工的隧道长度，单位为米。In the formula, t 5 represents the fifth preset time in seconds; L i represents the tunnel length of the i-th blasting construction in the tunnel, in meters.
第四预设时间为降尘喷淋单元的延迟启动时间，在排风单元最大运行频率运行一段时间(第四预设时间)后，依然无法使隧道内的粉尘浓度降低到预设粉尘浓度上限，此时，第二可编程逻辑控制器自动启动降尘喷淋单元运行一段时间(第五预设时间)，辅助排风单元对隧道内进行除尘，以快速的降低隧道内的粉尘浓度。比如，在隧道内施工爆破成功后，监测单元采集到的粉尘浓度大于预设粉尘浓度上限，排风单元以最大运行频率运转300秒(第四预设时间)后，自动启动降尘喷淋单元300秒(第五预设时间)，并且按照当前施工爆破的长度，增加降尘喷淋单元的运行时间。在此，将降尘喷淋单元的运行时间以秒为单位进行精确控制，有效提高了排风除尘的控制精度。The fourth preset time is the delayed start time of the dust suppression spray unit. After the maximum operating frequency of the exhaust unit runs for a period of time (the fourth preset time), the dust concentration in the tunnel still cannot be reduced to the preset dust concentration upper limit. At this time, the second programmable logic controller automatically starts the dust suppression spray unit to run for a period of time (fifth preset time), and the auxiliary exhaust unit removes dust in the tunnel to quickly reduce the dust concentration in the tunnel. For example, after the construction and blasting in the tunnel is successful, the dust concentration collected by the monitoring unit is greater than the preset dust concentration upper limit, and after the exhaust unit operates at the maximum operating frequency for 300 seconds (the fourth preset time), the dust suppression spray unit 300 is automatically activated. seconds (the fifth preset time), and according to the length of the current construction blast, increase the running time of the dust suppression spray unit. Here, the running time of the dust suppression and spraying unit is precisely controlled in seconds, which effectively improves the control accuracy of the air exhaust and dust removal.
如果在排风单元变频运转一段时间(第三预设时间)后，隧道内粉尘浓度无变化，即粉尘浓度变化范围在±100μg/m3范围之内，则认为排风单元出现故障，及时的向报警单元发出报警指令，并向远程客户端推送报警信息。可以理解，排风单元具有多种控制模式，包括：本地模式、远程控制模式和自动模式，在施工隧道内的第一可编程逻辑控制器、隧道洞口的第二可编程逻辑控制器以及远程客户端，均可以对排粉单元的运行进行控制，查看排风单元的运行参数等。 If there is no change in the dust concentration in the tunnel after the exhaust unit operates with frequency conversion for a period of time (the third preset time), that is, the dust concentration range is within the range of ±100μg/m 3 , then the exhaust unit is considered to be faulty, and timely Send an alarm command to the alarm unit, and push the alarm information to the remote client. It can be understood that the exhaust unit has multiple control modes, including: local mode, remote control mode and automatic mode, the first PLC in the construction tunnel, the second PLC at the tunnel opening and the remote client At the end, you can control the operation of the powder exhaust unit, check the operating parameters of the exhaust unit, etc.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制系统，其特征在于，包括：监测单元、第一可编程逻辑控制器、第二可编程逻辑控制器、排风单元、降尘喷淋单元；An intelligent centralized control system for tunnel construction blasting exhaust, characterized in that it includes: a monitoring unit, a first programmable logic controller, a second programmable logic controller, an exhaust unit, and a dust suppression spray unit;
    所述监测单元和所述第一可编程逻辑控制器均位于所述隧道施工爆破的作业设备上；Both the monitoring unit and the first programmable logic controller are located on the operation equipment of the tunnel construction blasting;
    所述监测单元与所述第一可编程逻辑控制器通讯连接，所述监测单元能够对所述隧道施工爆破的环境数据进行采集，并发送至所述第一可编程逻辑控制器；The monitoring unit is communicatively connected with the first programmable logic controller, and the monitoring unit can collect the environmental data of the tunnel construction blasting and send it to the first programmable logic controller;
    所述第一可编程逻辑控制器基于预设逻辑关系，对所述环境数据进行判断；其中，响应于所述环境数据满足所述预设逻辑关系，所述第一可编程逻辑控制器发出控制指令；The first programmable logic controller judges the environmental data based on a preset logical relationship; wherein, in response to the environmental data satisfying the preset logical relationship, the first programmable logic controller issues a control instruction;
    所述第二可编程逻辑控制器位于所述隧道的洞口，且与所述第一可编程逻辑控制器通讯连接，根据接收到的所述控制指令控制所述排风单元变频运转；The second programmable logic controller is located at the entrance of the tunnel, and communicates with the first programmable logic controller, and controls the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit according to the received control instruction;
    所述排风单元、降尘喷淋单元安装于所述隧道内，均与所述第二可编程逻辑控制器通讯连接，用于根据所述第二可编程逻辑控制器的控制进行变频运转，以对所述隧道内进行排风除尘。The exhaust unit and the dust suppression and spraying unit are installed in the tunnel, and are connected to the second programmable logic controller in communication, and are used to perform frequency conversion operation according to the control of the second programmable logic controller, so as to Exhaust and remove dust in the tunnel.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制系统，其特征在于，所述监测单元包括：The intelligent centralized control system for tunnel construction blasting exhaust according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring unit includes:
    粉尘传感器，位于所述作业设备的四角，用于对所述隧道施工爆破的实时粉尘浓度进行采集；Dust sensors, located at the four corners of the operating equipment, are used to collect the real-time dust concentration of the tunnel construction blasting;
    人体感应传感器，沿所述作业设备的周向均布，用于对所述作业设备周边的目标人员进行感应；Human body induction sensors are evenly distributed along the circumference of the operation equipment, and are used to sense target personnel around the operation equipment;
    温湿度传感器，位于所述作业设备上远离所述隧道的施工面的一端，以对所述隧道施工爆破时的实时温度、实时湿度进行采集；The temperature and humidity sensor is located at one end of the working equipment away from the construction surface of the tunnel, so as to collect the real-time temperature and real-time humidity during the construction and blasting of the tunnel;
    噪声传感器，与所述温湿度传感器并列安装于所述作业设备的后端，用于对所述隧道施工爆破时的实时噪声进行采集；A noise sensor, installed in parallel with the temperature and humidity sensor at the rear end of the operating equipment, is used to collect real-time noise during blasting during construction of the tunnel;
    有害气体传感器，与所述粉尘传感器并列安装于所述作业设备的四角， 用于对所述隧道施工爆破时的有害气体浓度进行实时采集；The harmful gas sensor is installed in parallel with the dust sensor at the four corners of the operation equipment, It is used for real-time collection of the harmful gas concentration during the blasting of the tunnel construction;
    电压电流传感器，与所述作业设备的总配电箱连接，用于对所述作业设备施工时的动力回路电流进行采集。The voltage and current sensor is connected with the main distribution box of the operation equipment, and is used to collect the power loop current during construction of the operation equipment.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制系统，其特征在于，所述有害气体传感器包括：甲烷变送器、二氧化碳变送器；The intelligent centralized control system for tunnel construction blasting exhaust according to claim 2, wherein the harmful gas sensor includes: a methane transmitter and a carbon dioxide transmitter;
    所述甲烷变送器的量程为0-100％LEL，精度为±5％FS，重复性小于等于±7％；The range of the methane transmitter is 0-100%LEL, the accuracy is ±5%FS, and the repeatability is less than or equal to ±7%;
    所述二氧化碳变送器采用红外检定对所述隧道施工爆破时的二氧化碳浓度进行测量。The carbon dioxide transmitter uses infrared verification to measure the carbon dioxide concentration during the tunnel construction and blasting.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制系统，其特征在于，所述人体感应传感器采用人体热释电红外感应模块，所述人体热释电红外感应模块有多个，多个所述人体热释电红外感应模块沿所述作业设备的周向间隔5米并联设置。The intelligent centralized control system for tunnel construction blasting exhaust according to claim 2, wherein the human body induction sensor adopts a human body pyroelectric infrared sensing module, and the human body pyroelectric infrared sensing module has multiple A plurality of the human body pyroelectric infrared sensing modules are arranged in parallel at intervals of 5 meters along the circumferential direction of the operation equipment.
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制系统，其特征在于，还包括：报警单元，所述报警单元与所述第一可编程逻辑控制器连接；The intelligent centralized control system for tunnel construction blasting exhaust according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising: an alarm unit connected to the first programmable logic controller;
    对应的，corresponding,
    所述第一可编程逻辑控制器基于预设逻辑关系，判断接收到的所述环境数据超过设定值，向所述报警单元发出报警指令；The first programmable logic controller judges that the received environmental data exceeds a set value based on a preset logical relationship, and sends an alarm command to the alarm unit;
    或者，or,
    所述第一可编程逻辑控制器基于预设逻辑关系，判断接收到的所述环境数据在规定时间内无变化，向所述报警单元发出报警指令。The first programmable logic controller judges that the received environmental data has no change within a specified time based on a preset logical relationship, and sends an alarm command to the alarm unit.
  6. 一种用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制方法，其特征在于，包括：An intelligent centralized control method for tunnel construction blasting exhaust, characterized in that it includes:
    根据采集到的所述隧道施工爆破的环境数据，基于预设逻辑关系，确定是否发出控制指令；According to the collected environmental data of the tunnel construction and blasting, based on a preset logical relationship, determine whether to issue a control command;
    响应于发出所述控制指令，控制安装于所述隧道内的排风单元变频运转，以对所述隧道内进行排风除尘；In response to issuing the control command, control the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel, so as to exhaust and remove dust in the tunnel;
    其中，所述控制指令包括所述排风单元的实时运行频率，且按照：
    Wherein, the control instruction includes the real-time operating frequency of the exhaust unit, and according to:
    确定所述排风单元的实时运行频率；Determine the real-time operating frequency of the exhaust unit;
    式中，E表示所述排风单元的实时运行频率；H表示所述环境数据中的粉尘浓度；Hmin表示预设粉尘浓度下限；Hmax表示预设粉尘浓度上限；Emax表示所述排风单元的最大运行频率；表示所述排风单元的最小运行频率。In the formula, E represents the real-time operating frequency of the exhaust unit; H represents the dust concentration in the environmental data; H min represents the lower limit of the preset dust concentration; H max represents the upper limit of the preset dust concentration; The maximum operating frequency of the wind unit; Indicates the minimum operating frequency of the exhaust unit.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制方法，其特征在于，所述根据采集到的所述隧道施工爆破的环境数据，基于预设逻辑关系，确定是否发出控制指令，包括：The intelligent centralized control method for tunnel construction blasting exhaust according to claim 6, characterized in that, according to the collected environmental data of the tunnel construction blasting, based on a preset logical relationship, it is determined whether to issue a control command ,include:
    响应于预设启动时间内，所述环境数据中的目标人员数量为零、所述环境数据中的噪音数据小于预设噪音阈值，且所述环境数据中的动力回路电流小于预设电流阈值，确定发出所述排风单元预启动指令。In response to a preset starting time, the number of target personnel in the environmental data is zero, the noise data in the environmental data is less than a preset noise threshold, and the power loop current in the environmental data is less than a preset current threshold, It is determined to issue the pre-start command of the exhaust unit.
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制方法，其特征在于，所述响应于发出所述控制指令，控制安装于所述隧道内的排风单元变频运转，以对所述隧道内进行排风除尘，包括：The intelligent centralized control method for tunnel construction blasting exhaust according to claim 6, characterized in that, in response to sending the control command, control the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel, so as to Exhaust and dust removal in the tunnel includes:
    响应于发出所述控制指令，且第二预设时间内所述粉尘浓度增大，控制安装于所述隧道内的排风单元变频运转，以对所述隧道内进行排风除尘；In response to sending the control command and the dust concentration increases within a second preset time, control the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel to exhaust and remove dust in the tunnel;
    响应于发出所述控制指令，且所述第二预设时间内所述粉尘浓度不变，控制安装于所述隧道内的排风单元停止运转。In response to sending the control command and the dust concentration remains unchanged within the second preset time, the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel is controlled to stop running.
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制方法，其特征在于，在所述响应于发出所述控制指令，控制安装于所述隧道内的排风单元变频运转，以对所述隧道内进行排风除尘之后，还包括：The intelligent centralized control method for tunnel construction blasting exhaust according to claim 6, characterized in that, in response to sending the control command, control the frequency conversion operation of the exhaust unit installed in the tunnel to After exhausting and dedusting the tunnel, it also includes:
    响应于所述粉尘浓度小于所述预设粉尘浓度下限第三预设时间，控制所述隧道内的排风单元停止运转。In response to the dust concentration being less than the preset dust concentration lower limit for a third preset time, the exhaust unit in the tunnel is controlled to stop running.
  10. 根据权利要求6-9任一所述的用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制方法，其特征在于，所述用于隧道施工爆破排风的智能集中控制方法还包括：According to any one of claims 6-9, the intelligent centralized control method for blasting exhaust in tunnel construction is characterized in that the intelligent centralized control method for blasting exhaust in tunnel construction further comprises:
    响应于所述粉尘浓度超过所述预设粉尘浓度上限，且所述排风单元达到所述最大运行频率后，延时第四预设时间，依然无法使粉尘浓度降低到预设粉尘浓度上限，自动启动降尘喷淋单元第五预设时间；其中，所述降尘喷淋单元安装于隧道内；In response to the fact that the dust concentration exceeds the preset upper limit of dust concentration and the exhaust unit reaches the maximum operating frequency, the dust concentration cannot be reduced to the preset upper limit of dust concentration after a delay of a fourth preset time, Automatically start the fifth preset time of the dust reduction spray unit; wherein, the dust reduction spray unit is installed in the tunnel;
    所述第五预设时间按照：
    The fifth preset time is according to:
    式中，t5表示所述第五预设时间，单位为秒；Li表示隧道第i次爆破施工的隧道长度，单位为米。 In the formula, t 5 represents the fifth preset time in seconds; L i represents the tunnel length of the i-th blasting construction of the tunnel in meters.
PCT/CN2023/089785 2022-04-28 2023-04-21 Intelligent centralized control system and method for tunnel construction blasting and exhaust WO2023165633A1 (en)

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