WO2023165159A1 - 一种风能或潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种风能或潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2023165159A1
WO2023165159A1 PCT/CN2022/130979 CN2022130979W WO2023165159A1 WO 2023165159 A1 WO2023165159 A1 WO 2023165159A1 CN 2022130979 W CN2022130979 W CN 2022130979W WO 2023165159 A1 WO2023165159 A1 WO 2023165159A1
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impeller
blade
flow velocity
measurement module
pitch angle
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PCT/CN2022/130979
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘宏伟
顾亚京
李海涛
林勇刚
李伟
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浙江大学
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/008—Measuring or testing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of new energy power generation equipment, and in particular relates to an online indirect measurement system and method for pitch and yaw moments of a wind energy or tidal current energy generating set.
  • the accuracy of online measurement of asymmetric load will affect the real-time monitoring of the unit's operating status and the active load control of the unit, which is related to the safety and reliability of the operation of the whole unit; at the same time, the accuracy of asymmetric load measurement will also indirectly affect the unit design process.
  • the problem of safety margin which affects the design and operation and maintenance costs.
  • the existing technology mostly adopts direct measurement methods, such as installing strain gauges or fiber Bragg grating sensors, etc., for load measurement.
  • the Chinese patent "A Device and Method for Load Testing of Offshore Wind Turbine Units", publication number CN113250915A is characterized in that a plurality of strain gauge sensors are respectively arranged at the blade root, blade center, main shaft, tower and other positions of the wind turbine unit, Each strain gauge sensor is connected to the industrial computer through the data collector, and the industrial computer obtains the statistical average value of the stress of each sensor, and calculates the load at different positions;
  • the Chinese patent "A FBG-Based Measuring Method and Application of Fan Blade Load” published No.
  • CN112665766A which is characterized in that a corresponding fiber grating sensor group is set on each blade of the wind turbine, the output wavelength change value of the sensor group is measured, and the real-time load of the blade is obtained through calculation.
  • This type of direct measurement method has the following disadvantages: installing sensors on the rotating parts of the unit such as blades and main shafts, it is difficult to implement installation, power supply, cable routing, signal transmission, etc.; the high stiffness of the measured parts affects the accuracy of the sensors .
  • the direct measurement of its asymmetric load faces greater difficulties, and the impact of water flow and sediment will reduce the life of the sensor.
  • the present invention proposes a system and method based on indirect measurement for on-line measurement of pitch and yaw moments of wind energy or tidal current energy generating sets, which reduces implementation difficulty and improves measurement reliability and scalability.
  • the present invention provides a system capable of indirect on-line measurement of the pitching moment and yaw moment of the wind energy or tidal current energy generating set, with high reliability and low cost.
  • the measurement method of the measurement system can obtain the pitching moment and yaw moment of the wind energy or tidal current energy generating set in real time, and the implementation is less difficult.
  • the incoming flow velocity measurement module is used to measure the flow velocity at the center of the impeller of the generator set
  • the generator speed measurement module is used to measure the generator of the generator set
  • the rotation speed and pitch angle measurement module are used to measure the pitch angle of each blade of the generator set; the incoming flow velocity measurement module, the generator speed measurement module and the pitch angle measurement module are all connected to the computer through a communication cable to achieve serial communication.
  • the flow rate signal, rotational speed signal and pitch angle signal are transmitted to the computer.
  • the computer calculates the pitching moment and yaw moment of the wind energy or tidal current energy generating set online according to the received flow velocity signal, rotational speed signal and pitch angle signal, and calculates the flow velocity signal, rotational speed signal, pitch angle signal, pitch moment and yaw moment
  • the navigation moment is displayed and stored in real time.
  • the incoming flow velocity measurement module adopts an anemometer, which is fixed on the top outside the generator set cabin; the generator speed measurement module is installed at the high-speed shaft of the gearbox in the generator set cabin; the pitch The angle measurement module is arranged at the pitch control device inside the impeller hub of the generator set.
  • the incoming flow velocity measurement module adopts a flow velocity and direction meter, and is arranged at the position directly in front of the center point of the impeller of the generator set along the direction of the tidal current;
  • the generator speed measurement module is installed in the gear box in the engine room of the generator set at the high-speed shaft;
  • the pitch angle measuring module is arranged at the pitch changing device inside the impeller hub of the generator set.
  • Step 1) Construct the blade three-dimensional model of the generator set according to the three-dimensional modeling software, obtain the position coordinates of the blade stress equivalent action point through three-dimensional simulation analysis, and calculate the distance between the blade stress equivalent action point and the center of the impeller;
  • Step 2) The incoming flow velocity measurement module, the generator speed measurement module, and the pitch angle measurement module transmit the measured flow velocity signal, rotational speed signal, and pitch angle signal to the computer respectively;
  • Step 3) The computer filters the received flow velocity signal, rotational speed signal, and pitch angle signal to remove noise interference; according to the distance between the blade stress equivalent point and the center of the impeller obtained by simulation in step 1), and the filtered The obtained flow velocity at the center of the impeller, the generator speed and the pitch angle data of each blade are calculated in real time to obtain the pitching moment and yaw moment of the wind energy or tidal current energy generating set;
  • Step 4) The computer displays the flow velocity, generator speed and the pitch angle data of each blade measured in step 2), and the pitching moment and yaw moment calculated in step 3) in real time through the monitoring interface, and all storage.
  • the step 3) is specifically:
  • t is time.
  • v i is the flow velocity at the force equivalent point
  • z h is the height of the force equivalent point from the ground (wind energy generator set) or seabed plane (tidal energy generator set)
  • z s is the distance from the center of the impeller The height of the ground or seabed level
  • v s is the flow velocity at the center of the impeller
  • ⁇ is the shear coefficient
  • the height z h of the force equivalent point from the ground is obtained by triangular transformation .
  • R is the distance between the blade tip and the center of the impeller
  • the impeller thrust coefficient C T is calculated through the blade element-momentum theory; according to the impeller thrust coefficient C T and the flow velocity v s at the center of the impeller , to calculate the impeller thrust T, the specific calculation formula is:
  • ⁇ is the air density (wind energy generator set) or seawater density (tidal energy generator set), and s is the swept area of the impeller;
  • a two-dimensional coordinate system is constructed with the hub of the impeller as the origin, wherein the x-axis and the y-axis are located on the impeller rotation plane, the x-axis is the horizontal axis on the impeller rotation plane, and the y-axis is on the impeller rotation plane
  • the vertical axis of the blade; the azimuth of the blade is the rotation angle of the blade relative to the x-axis.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a layout position diagram of an embodiment of the system of the present invention on a wind turbine.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional model of a blade of a generator set according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a layout position diagram of an embodiment of the system of the present invention on a tidal current energy generating set.
  • the present embodiment provides an online indirect measurement system for pitch and yaw moments of wind turbines, including an incoming flow velocity measurement module 1, a generator speed measurement module 2, a pitch angle measurement module 3 and a computer 4.
  • the incoming flow velocity measurement module 1 is used to measure the wind speed at the center of the impeller of the wind turbine;
  • the generator rotational speed measurement module 2 is used to measure the generator rotational speed of the unit;
  • the pitch angle measurement module 3 is used to measure the unit The pitch angle of each blade;
  • the computer 4 is used to receive the flow velocity signal, rotational speed signal and pitch angle signal, and obtain the pitching moment and yaw moment of the wind turbine through online real-time calculation and processing, and display the measured and calculated data in real time and storage.
  • the incoming flow velocity measurement module 1 uses an anemometer, which is arranged outside the wind turbine and fixed on the top of the nacelle.
  • the generator rotation speed measurement module 2 is arranged at the high-speed shaft of the gearbox inside the unit nacelle 6 ; the pitch angle measurement module 3 is arranged at the pitch change device inside the unit hub 7 .
  • the generator rotation speed measurement module 2 and the pitch angle measurement module 3 are both located inside the unit, and they are kept relatively static, so the installation difficulty is small and the measurement reliability is high.
  • the incoming flow velocity measurement module 1, the generator rotational speed measurement module 2 and the pitch angle measurement module 3 all realize the serial communication connection with the computer 4 through the communication cable 5, and respectively transmit the flow velocity signal, the rotational speed signal and the pitch angle signal to the computer4.
  • the present embodiment provides an online indirect measurement method for pitch and yaw moments of wind turbines, using the above-mentioned online indirect measurement system for pitch and yaw moments of wind turbines, and the steps are as follows:
  • Step 1) According to the wind turbine blade design parameters, in the three-dimensional modeling software ANSYS Workbench of computer 4, set up the three-dimensional model of the blade of the wind turbine, as shown in Figure 4, according to the features such as the airfoil of the blade, mass distribution, through three-dimensional simulation Analysis to obtain the position coordinates of the blade's equivalent force point, and calculate the distance between the blade's force equivalent point and the center of the impeller;
  • Step 2) The incoming flow velocity measurement module 1, the generator rotational speed measurement module 2, and the pitch angle measurement module 3 respectively establish a serial port communication connection with the computer 4.
  • the wind speed at the impeller center and the generator rotational speed and the pitch angle of each blade are measured in real time, and the wind speed signal, the rotational speed signal, and the pitch angle signal are transmitted to the computer 4;
  • Step 3) The computer 4 receives the wind speed signal, rotational speed signal, and pitch angle signal transmitted by each module in step 2) and performs filtering processing to remove noise interference;
  • the distance, and the filtered wind speed, generator speed and pitch angle data of each blade are calculated in real time to obtain the pitching moment and yaw moment of the wind turbine;
  • a two-dimensional coordinate system is constructed with the hub as the origin, the x-axis and y-axis are located on the impeller rotation plane, the x-axis is the horizontal axis on the impeller rotation plane, and the y-axis is the vertical axis on the impeller rotation plane.
  • the azimuth of the blade is the angle of rotation of the blade relative to the x-axis.
  • z h is the height of the position to be sought from the ground
  • v i is the wind speed at the position to be sought
  • z s is the height of the center of the impeller from the ground
  • v s is the wind speed at the center of the impeller
  • ⁇ is the shear coefficient
  • the position to be sought is The force equivalent action point of the blade to be obtained
  • the height z of the force equivalent point from the ground can be obtained by triangular transformation h .
  • R is the distance between the blade tip and the center of the impeller.
  • the thrust coefficient C T of the impeller is calculated through the blade element-momentum theory; according to the thrust coefficient C T and the wind speed v s at the center of the impeller , to calculate the impeller thrust T, the calculation formula is:
  • ⁇ is the air density
  • s is the swept area of the impeller
  • Step 4) The computer 4 displays the wind speed measured in step 2), the generator speed and the pitch angle data of each blade, and the pitching moment and yaw moment calculated in step 3 in real time through the monitoring interface, and all storage.
  • this embodiment provides an online indirect measurement system and method for the pitch and yaw moments of a tidal current energy generating set.
  • the online indirect measurement system for the pitch and yaw moment of the tidal current energy generating set is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, the difference is that the incoming flow velocity measurement module 1 is used to measure the tidal current energy generating set The current flow velocity at the center of the impeller; the incoming flow velocity measurement module 1 uses a flow velocity and direction meter, which is arranged at an appropriate distance directly in front of the center point of the impeller of the tidal current energy generator set along the tidal current direction.
  • An online indirect measurement method for the pitch and yaw moments of a tidal current energy generating set is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, the difference is that: establish a three-dimensional model of the blade of the tidal current energy generating set for simulation analysis; read , Calculated, displayed, and stored wind speed is replaced by tidal flow velocity; during the calculation process, z h is the height of the position to be obtained from the sea bed plane, z s is the height of the impeller center from the sea bed plane, and ⁇ is the density of sea water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种风能或潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量系统及方法。包括来流流速测量模块（1）、发电机转速测量模块（2）、桨距角测量模块（3）和计算机（4）；来流流速测量模块（1）测量叶轮中心处流速；发电机转速测量模块（2）测量发电机转速；桨距角测量模块（3）测量各叶片的桨距角；计算机（4）接收流速、转速和桨距角信号，通过在线计算得到发电机组的俯仰力矩和偏航力矩，并将测量和计算数据实时显示和存储。

Description

一种风能或潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量系统及方法 技术领域
本发明属于新能源发电装备领域，具体涉及一种风能或潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量系统及方法。
背景技术
作为新兴的可再生能源装备，风能发电装备已经实现了大规模应用，潮流能发电装备已经完成了从原理验证到工业化样机的发展阶段。目前，装备运行可靠性和成本成为风能、潮流能发电行业发展的瓶颈问题。其中，机组俯仰力矩和偏航力矩等非对称载荷的在线测量技术是一项关键技术。
非对称载荷在线测量的准确性会影响机组实时运行状态监测以及机组主动载荷控制，关系到整机运行的安全性和可靠性；同时，非对称载荷测量的准确性也会间接影响机组设计过程中的安全裕量问题，从而影响设计和运维成本。
对于风能或潮流能发电装备，现有技术多采用直接测量方法，例如安装应变片或光纤光栅传感器等，进行载荷测量。例如，中国专利《一种海上风电机组载荷测试装置及方法》，公开号CN113250915A，其特征在于，将多个应变片传感器分别布置在风电机组的叶根、叶中、主轴、塔筒等位置，各应变片传感器通过数据采集器与工控机相连接，工控机获取各传感器的应力统计平均值，计算得到不同位置处载荷；中国专利《一种基于FBG的风机叶片载荷测量方法及应用》，公开号CN112665766A，其特征在于，在风电机组的每个叶片上设置对应的光纤光栅传感器组，测量传感器组输出波长变化值，通过计算得到叶片实时载荷。此类直接测量方法存在以下缺点：在机组的旋转部件如叶片、主轴等位置安装传感器，安装、供电、电缆走线、信号传输等的实现难度大；被测部件的高刚度影响传感器的准确性。对于潮流能发电装备，由于水下环境的复杂性，其非对称载荷的直接测量面临更大的难题，且水流和泥沙冲击会使传感器寿命降低。
本发明提出一种基于间接测量的系统及方法进行风能或潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩在线测量，降低实施难度，提高测量的可靠性和可推广性。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中的问题，本发明提供了一种能对风能或潮流能发电机组俯仰力矩与偏航力矩进行在线间接测量、可靠性高、成本低的系统。该测量系统的测量方法能够实时获取风能或潮流能发电机组的俯仰力矩与偏航力矩，实现难度小。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一、一种风能或潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量系统
包括来流流速测量模块、发电机转速测量模块、桨距角测量模块和计算机；来流流速测量模块用于测量发电机组叶轮中心处的流速，发电机转速测量模块用于测量发电机组的发电机转速，桨距角测量模块用于测量发电机组各叶片的桨距角；来流流速测量模块、发电机转速测量模块和桨距角测量模块均通过通信线缆与计算机实现串口通信连接，分别将流速信号、转速信号和桨距角信号传输至计算机。
所述计算机根据接收到的流速信号、转速信号和桨距角信号在线计算风能或潮流能发电机组的俯仰力矩和偏航力矩，并将流速信号、转速信号、桨距角信号、俯仰力矩和偏航力矩进行实时显示和存储。
对于风能发电机组：所述来流流速测量模块采用测风仪，固定于发电机组机舱外的顶部；所述发电机转速测量模块安装于发电机组机舱内的齿轮箱高速轴处；所述桨距角测量模块布置于发电机组叶轮轮毂内部的变桨装置处。
对于潮流能发电机组：所述来流流速测量模块采用流速流向仪，布置于发电机组叶轮中心点沿潮流方向正前方的位置处；所述发电机转速测量模块安装于发电机组机舱内的齿轮箱高速轴处；所述桨距角测量模块布置于发电机组叶轮轮毂内部的变桨装置处。
二、采用上述系统的风能或潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量方法
包括以下步骤：
步骤1)根据三维建模软件构建发电机组的叶片三维模型，通过三维仿真分析，得到叶片受力等效作用点的位置坐标，并计算叶片受力等效作用点与叶轮中心的距离；
如图4所示，根据叶片的翼型、质量分布等特征，通过三维仿真分析，得到叶片的受力等效作用点位置坐标，计算叶片受力等效作用点与叶轮中心的距离；
步骤2)来流流速测量模块、发电机转速测量模块、桨距角测量模块分别将测量得到的流速信号、转速信号、桨距角信号传输至计算机；
步骤3)计算机将接收到的流速信号、转速信号、桨距角信号进行滤波处理，去除噪声干扰；根据步骤1)中仿真得到的叶片受力等效作用点和叶轮中心的距离，以及滤波后得到的叶轮中心处流速、发电机转速和各叶片的桨距角数据，实时计算得到风能或潮流能发电机组的俯仰力矩和偏航力矩；
步骤4)计算机将步骤2)中实测得到的流速、发电机转速和各叶片的桨距角数据，以及步骤3)中计算得到的俯仰力矩和偏航力矩，通过监控界面进行实时显示，并全部存储。
所述步骤3)具体为：
3.1)对发电机转速ω进行积分运算，与各叶片初始方位角θ i'相加，得到各叶片的当前方位角θ i，其中i＝1,2,…,N，N为叶片总数，具体公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-000001
其中，t为时间。
3.2)根据叶轮中心处流速v s、各叶片当前方位角θ i和叶片受力等效作用点与叶轮中心的距离r c，基于流剪切公式计算每个叶片在受力等效作用点处的流速v i，具体为：
Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-000002
其中，v i为受力等效作用点处的流速，z h为受力等效作用点距离地面(风能发电机组)或海床平面(潮流能发电机组)的高度，z s为叶轮中心距离地面或海床平面的高度，v s为叶轮中心的流速，α为剪切系数；
在已知叶片受力等效作用点与叶轮中心的距离、叶轮中心距离地面的高度、各叶片当前方位角θ i的情况下，通过三角变换得到受力等效作用点距离地面的高度z h。
3.3)根据发电机转速ω和叶轮中心处流速v s，计算得到叶尖速比λ，具体公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-000003
其中，R为叶尖与叶轮中心处的距离；
根据叶尖速比λ和桨距角测量模块测得的各叶片桨距角β i，通过叶素-动量理论计算得到叶轮推力系数C T；根据叶轮推力系数C T和叶轮中心处流速v s，计算叶轮推力T，具体计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-000004
式中，ρ为空气密度(风能发电机组)或海水密度(潮流能发电机组)，s为叶轮扫掠面积；
3.4)计算每个叶片的非轴向力矩M yi，具体计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-000005
3.5)将所有叶片的非轴向力矩M yi沿俯仰方向和偏航方向分解并分别求和，得到叶轮的俯仰力矩M tilt和偏航力矩M yaw，具体计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-000006
所述步骤3.1)中，以叶轮轮毂为原点构建二维坐标系，其中，x轴和y轴均位于叶轮旋转平面上，x轴为叶轮旋转平面上的水平轴，y轴为叶轮旋转平面上的竖直轴；叶片的方位角为叶片相对于x轴的旋转角。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、使用间接测量方法进行俯仰与偏航力矩的在线测量，避免直接测量方法难度大、成本高、可靠性低的问题，来流流速、发电机转速和桨距角的测量模块可靠性高，系统易于构建，方法易于实现。
2、实现可靠的俯仰与偏航力矩在线测量和实时反馈，为机组实时运行状态监测以及机组主动载荷控制提供关键数据，提高整机运行的安全性和可靠性。
3、记录机组运行全周期的俯仰与偏航力矩数据，为机组优化设计过程提供可靠数据参考，避免由于缺乏机组俯仰与偏航力矩实测数据导致的冗余设计，降低机组设计成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明系统的结构示意图。
图2为本发明方法的流程示意图。
图3为本发明系统在风电机组上的一种实施例的布置位置图。
图4为本发明发电机组叶片三维模型结构示意图。
图5为本发明系统在潮流能发电机组上的一种实施例的布置位置图。
图中：1、来流流速测量模块，2、发电机转速测量模块，3、桨距角测量模块，4、计算机，5、通信线缆，6、风电机组机舱，7、风电机组轮毂，8、潮流能发电机组机舱，9、潮流能发电机组轮毂。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明，但并不将本发明 局限于以下具体实施方式。
实施例一
参照图1和图3，本实施例提供了一种风电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量系统，包括来流流速测量模块1、发电机转速测量模块2、桨距角测量模块3和计算机4。其中，所述来流流速测量模块1用于测量风电机组叶轮中心处的风速；所述发电机转速测量模块2用于测量机组的发电机转速；所述桨距角测量模块3用于测量机组各叶片的桨距角；所述计算机4用于接收流速信号、转速信号和桨距角信号，通过在线实时计算处理，得到风电机组的俯仰力矩和偏航力矩，并将测量和计算数据实时显示和存储。
所述来流流速测量模块1使用测风仪，其布置于风电机组外部，固定在机舱顶部。
所述发电机转速测量模块2布置于机组机舱6内部的齿轮箱高速轴处；所述桨距角测量模块3布置于机组轮毂7内部的变桨装置处。发电机转速测量模块2和桨距角测量模块3的布置位置均位于机组内部，且相对保持静止，安装难度小，测量可靠性高。
所述来流流速测量模块1、发电机转速测量模块2和桨距角测量模块3均通过通信线缆5与计算机4实现串口通信连接，分别将流速信号、转速信号和桨距角信号传输至计算机4。
参照图2，本实施例提供了一种风电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量方法，采用了上述的风电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量系统，其步骤如下：
步骤1)根据风电机组叶片设计参数，在计算机4的三维建模软件ANSYS Workbench中，建立风电机组的叶片三维模型，如图4所示，根据叶片的翼型、质量分布等特征，通过三维仿真分析，得到叶片的受力等效作用点位置坐标，计算叶片受力等效作用点与叶轮中心的距离；
步骤2)来流流速测量模块1、发电机转速测量模块2、桨距角测量模块3分别与计算机4建立串口通信连接，在机组实际运行过程中，分别对叶轮中心处的风速、发电机转速和各叶片的桨距角进行实时测量，并将风速信号、转速信号、桨距角信号传输至计算机4；
步骤3)计算机4接收步骤2)中各模块传输的风速信号、转速信号、桨距角信号并进行滤波处理，去除噪声干扰；根据步骤1中仿真得到的叶片受力等效作用点和叶轮中心的距离，以及滤波后得到的风速、发电机转速和各叶片的桨距角数据，实时计算得到风电机组的俯仰力矩和偏航力矩；
所述俯仰力矩和偏航力矩的计算过程如下：
3.1)对发电机转速测量模块1测得的发电机转速ω进行积分运算，与各叶片初始方位角θ i0相加，得到各叶片的当前方位角θ i；本实施例的风电机组为三叶片设计，i的取值范围为{1,2,3}；
Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-000007
以轮毂为原点构建二维坐标系，x轴，y轴位于叶轮旋转平面上，x轴为叶轮旋转平面上的水平轴，y轴为叶轮旋转平面上的竖直轴。叶片的方位角为叶片相对于x轴的旋转角。
3.2)根据来流流速测量模块2测得的叶轮中心处风速v s，以及各叶片当前方位角θ i和叶片受力等效作用点与叶轮中心的距离r c，计算各叶片等效作用点处的风速v i，计算方法基于流剪切公式：
Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-000008
式中，z h为待求位置离地面的高度，v i为待求位置的风速，z s为叶轮中心离地面的高度，v s为叶轮中心风速，α为剪切系数；待求位置为待求叶片的受力等效作用点；
在叶片受力等效作用点与叶轮中心的距离、叶轮中心距离地面的高度、各叶片当前方位角θ i已知的情况下，通过三角变换可以得到受力等效作用点距离地面的高度z h。
3.3)根据发电机转速ω和叶轮中心处风速v s，计算得到叶尖速比λ，具体公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-000009
其中，R为叶尖与叶轮中心处的距离。
根据叶尖速比λ和桨距角测量模块3测得的各叶片桨距角β i，通过叶素-动量理论计算得到叶轮推力系数C T；根据推力系数C T和叶轮中心处风速v s，计算叶轮推力T，计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-000010
式中，ρ为空气密度，s为叶轮扫掠面积；
3.4)计算叶片i的非轴向力矩M yi，计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-000011
3.5)将三只叶片的非轴向力矩M yi沿俯仰方向和偏航方向分解并分别求和，得到叶轮的俯仰力矩M tilt和偏航力矩M yaw，计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-000012
步骤4)计算机4将步骤2)中实测得到的风速、发电机转速和各叶片的桨距角数据，以及步骤3中计算得到的俯仰力矩和偏航力矩，通过监控界面进行实时显示，并全部存储。
实施例二
参照图1、图2和图5，本实施例提供了一种潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量系统及方法。
本实施例提供的一种潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量系统与实施例一中的基本相同，所不同的是：所述来流流速测量模块1用于测量潮流能发电机组叶轮中心处的潮流流速；所述来流流速测量模块1使用流速流向仪，其布置于潮流能发电机组叶轮中心点沿潮流方向正前方的适当距离处。
本实施例提供的一种潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量方法与实施例一中的基本相同，所不同的是：建立潮流能发电机组的叶片三维模型进行仿真分析；读取、计算、显示、存储的风速更换为潮流流速；计算过程中，z h为待求位置离海床平面的高度，z s为叶轮中心离海床平面的高度，ρ为海水密度。
以上仅描述了本发明的基本原理和优选实施方式，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种风能或潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量方法，
    所述方法采用风能或潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量系统，系统包括来流流速测量模块(1)、发电机转速测量模块(2)、桨距角测量模块(3)和计算机(4)；来流流速测量模块(1)用于测量发电机组叶轮中心处的流速，发电机转速测量模块(2)用于测量发电机组的发电机转速，桨距角测量模块(3)用于测量发电机组各叶片的桨距角；来流流速测量模块(1)、发电机转速测量模块(2)和桨距角测量模块(3)均通过通信线缆(5)与计算机(4)实现串口通信连接，分别将流速信号、转速信号和桨距角信号传输至计算机(4)；
    其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    步骤1)根据三维建模软件构建发电机组的叶片三维模型，通过三维仿真分析，得到叶片受力等效作用点的位置坐标，并计算叶片受力等效作用点与叶轮中心的距离；
    步骤2)来流流速测量模块(1)、发电机转速测量模块(2)、桨距角测量模块(3)分别将测量得到的流速信号、转速信号、桨距角信号传输至计算机(4)；
    步骤3)计算机(4)将接收到的流速信号、转速信号、桨距角信号进行滤波处理，去除噪声干扰；根据步骤1)中仿真得到的叶片受力等效作用点和叶轮中心的距离，以及滤波后得到的叶轮中心处流速、发电机转速和各叶片的桨距角数据，实时计算得到风能或潮流能发电机组的俯仰力矩和偏航力矩；
    步骤4)计算机(4)将步骤2)中实测得到的流速、发电机转速和各叶片的桨距角数据，以及步骤3)中计算得到的俯仰力矩和偏航力矩，通过监控界面进行实时显示，并全部存储；
    所述步骤3)具体为：
    3.1)对发电机转速ω进行积分运算，与各叶片初始方位角θ i'相加，得到各叶片的当前方位角θ i，其中i＝1,2,…,N，N为叶片总数，具体公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-100001
    其中，t为时间。
    3.2)根据叶轮中心处流速v s、各叶片当前方位角θ i和叶片受力等效作用点与叶轮中心的距离r c，基于流剪切公式计算每个叶片在受力等效作用点处的流速v i，具体为：
    Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-100002
    其中，vi为受力等效作用点处的流速，z h为受力等效作用点距离地面或海床平面的高度，z s为叶轮中心距离地面或海床平面的高度，v s为叶轮中心的流速，α为剪切系数；
    3.3)根据发电机转速ω和叶轮中心处流速v s，计算得到叶尖速比λ，具体公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-100003
    其中，R为叶尖与叶轮中心处的距离；
    根据叶尖速比λ和桨距角测量模块(3)测得的各叶片桨距角β i，通过叶素-动量理论计算得到叶轮推力系数C T；根据叶轮推力系数C T和叶轮中心处流速v s，计算叶轮推力T，具体计算公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-100004
    式中，ρ为空气密度或海水密度，s为叶轮扫掠面积；
    3.4)计算每个叶片的非轴向力矩M yi，具体计算公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-100005
    3.5)将所有叶片的非轴向力矩M yi沿俯仰方向和偏航方向分解并分别求和，得到叶轮的俯仰力矩M tilt和偏航力矩M yaw，具体计算公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2022130979-appb-100006
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的风能或潮流能发电机组俯仰与偏航力矩的在线间接测量方法，其特征在于：所述步骤3.1)中，以叶轮轮毂为原点构建二维坐标系，其中，x轴和y轴均位于叶轮旋转平面上，x轴为叶轮旋转平面上的水平轴，y轴为叶轮旋转平面上的竖直轴；叶片的方位角为叶片相对于x轴的旋转角。
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