WO2023161573A1

WO2023161573A1 - Station for managing the charge of motor vehicle batteries

Info

Publication number: WO2023161573A1
Application number: PCT/FR2023/050201
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thierry Jaine; Sebastien Houille; Benjamin Petit; Jean-Baptiste SEGARD; Hugo BASSET
Original assignee: Psa Automobiles Sa; EP Tender
Priority date: 2022-02-23
Filing date: 2023-02-15
Publication date: 2023-08-31

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for managing disconnections of motor vehicle batteries from a charging and/or recharging pool of said batteries (1) comprising at least two separate charging and/or recharging lines for said batteries (1), the batteries in the line being electrically connected in series, the method comprising a step of determining the level of charge for each battery (1) in the recharging pool, a step of classifying the batteries (1) according to their level of charge, a step of selecting a battery (1) having a maximum level of charge from among the batteries (1) located at the end of each recharging line in series in order to be disconnected and removed, and a step of disconnecting and removing the battery (1) selected in the selection step.

Description

DESCRIPTION

TITLE OF THE INVENTION: ACCUMULATOR CHARGE MANAGEMENT STATION FOR MOTOR VEHICLES

The present invention claims the priority of French application No. 2201597 filed on February 23, 2022 and French application No. 2201596 filed on February 23, 2022, the content of which (text, drawings and claims) is incorporated herein by reference.

The invention relates to a station for managing the charging of energy accumulators for motor vehicles, a park for recharging and/or unloading energy accumulators for motor vehicles, a method for managing connection-disconnection of energy accumulators for motor vehicles from a recharging and/or unloading fleet, of a computer program for implementing this method, of a method for exchanging accumulators energy for motor vehicles.

The field in which the patent is located is that of storage and electrical charging stations for energy accumulators for motor vehicles. These storage and charging stations must thus allow the charging of several energy accumulators for motor vehicles and store these accumulators, possibly for long periods.

In particular, the energy accumulators can be exchangeable and for example take the form of range extenders for electric vehicles, such as small trailers or carts hitched behind said electric vehicle, also called “mobile battery tenders”.

In the context of the present invention, “mobile battery tenders”, “battery trailers” and “mobile battery trucks” are equivalent, synonymous expressions which can be replaced by one another.

The concept of an exchangeable accumulator in the form of a mobile battery tender makes it possible to limit a large mass due to the battery which is not useful on a day-to-day basis, it therefore makes it possible to reduce the total mass of the electric vehicle when it is "alone".

In the context of the present invention and for all the embodiments described, the energy accumulators can be exchangeable accumulators such as mobile tender-batteries.

Thus, the vehicle charging time here is the time it takes for the exchangeable accumulator, such as a mobile battery tender, to hitch to the electric vehicle. In a way, the charging time of the electric vehicle is transferred to the charging time of the exchangeable accumulator (tender-mobile battery), which can be much slower and correctly managed in the charging station described above, in particular on expressways such as highways.

Indeed, with the deployment of exchangeable accumulators, such as a mobile battery tender, and this solution for increasing the range of electric vehicles, this new charging station architecture can have good durability despite the improvement of batteries and their capacity, and the increase in the autonomy of electric vehicles, which despite everything lead to an excessively high cost of electric vehicles. The battery improvements would also benefit the battery pack on board the exchangeable accumulator, such as a mobile battery tender. The potential is essentially linked to the development of electric vehicles for the general public with insufficient autonomy over long distances and also to all high-speed traffic routes (networks of expressways and motorways). The development of the use of electric vehicles can thus be accompanied by a reduction in the recharging time by the addition of an exchangeable accumulator, such as a mobile battery tender. It must be properly and fully charged using a suitable charging station.

The document WO2019206481 A1 describes such a charging infrastructure zone. This document discloses as follows:

- the provision of an autonomously moving charging unit to charge the energy accumulator or to partially supplement the energy store of the electric motor vehicle using the infrastructure control unit,

- a coupling of the supplied charging unit to the motor vehicle,

- recharging of the energy storage device of the motor vehicle with the aid of the charging unit coupled according to the motor vehicle, as well as

- stopping the control of the motor vehicle using the infrastructure control unit during an exit of the motor vehicle from the charging infrastructure area (using the unit charge following said motor vehicle charging the energy accumulator).

Document DE102012015099 A1 describes a removable electric battery relay station, equipped with trailers which are disconnected from the trailer hitch during electrical disconnection and which are coupled to adjacent columns by a slight bend. Loaded trailers are detached from the columns and are hitched to the mobility device hitch in reverse order during docking. The column is connected to a bidirectional inverter by a supply line, where the inverter extracts current from an electrical network to be supplied to charge the anchored trailer. The trailer can thus also inject energy into the network thanks to the inverter.

However, these teachings have several drawbacks. Indeed, the state of charge of the accumulators is not taken into account when they arrive. Thus, if the charging stations are subject to a high demand for exchanges, they are not able to provide an adequate response. Thus, the state of the art does not offer a charging station with optimized management of such accumulators on a charging park (or station).

In addition, the variations in crowds in this type of station (for example during holiday periods with a high number of arrivals or intermediate periods with little turnover of the accumulators), require means for putting the storage conditions in Accumulators. Indeed, depending on the battery technology used, in order not to damage them, it may be necessary to set the charge rate at intermediate values. (for example around 50% of the charge level; this level is typically specific to the technology used in the energy accumulator).

The object of the invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a charging management station for energy accumulators (in particular mobile battery tenders), comprising a loading and/or unloading park of energy accumulators for a motor vehicle, which implements a method for exchanging energy accumulators, the fleet being managed by a method for managing the connections-disconnections of energy accumulators for a motor vehicle which can be controlled by a suitable computer program.

An object according to the present invention therefore relates to a method for managing the disconnection of energy accumulators for a motor vehicle, such as a mobile battery tender for an electric motor vehicle, from a loading park and/or for recharging said accumulators. comprising at least two distinct lines for charging and/or recharging said energy accumulators, the accumulators of the line being electrically connected in series, the method comprising the following successive steps:

- a stage for determining the level of charge for each energy accumulator in the recharging park;

- a step of classifying the energy accumulators according to their level of charge;

- a step of selecting an energy accumulator having a maximum level of charge from among the energy accumulators located at the end of each recharging line in series to be disconnected and taken; And

- a step of disconnecting and withdrawing the energy accumulator selected in the selection step.

The method for managing disconnections of energy accumulators for motor vehicles from a recharging fleet of said energy accumulators according to the present invention can be characterized in that: - the selection of the selection step is performed on the set consisting of the last energy accumulators arrived on each recharging line in series;

- the selection of the selection step is carried out on the set constituted by the last energy accumulators arrived on each recharging line in series having a maximum level of charge among the set constituted by the last energy accumulators arrived on each reload line in series;

- the selection of the selection step will be carried out on a line whose penultimate energy accumulator has the minimum level of charge among the penultimate energy accumulators belonging to a line on which the selection can be made. 'perform ;

- the selection of the selection step will be carried out on a line whose penultimate energy accumulator has the minimum level of charge among the penultimate energy accumulators belonging to a line on which the selection can be made. 'carry out, considering that a terminal is an energy accumulator with 0% charge;

- the selection of the selection step will be carried out on a line whose n ^1st energy accumulator starting from the end has the minimum charge level among the n ^1st energy accumulators starting from the end of each line on which the selection can be made and by eliminating at each round of rank i starting from the end, the lines that cannot be selected;

- each separate series recharging line includes several entry and/or exit points for energy accumulators, such as mobile tenderbatteries;

- an energy accumulator hitched to a bollard is considered to be hitched to an energy accumulator with 0% charge level;

- the selection of the selection step will be carried out on a line of which an n ^1st energy accumulator starting from the end has the minimum charge level among the n ^1st energy accumulators starting from the end of each line on which the selection can be made and eliminating at each round of rank i starting from the end, the lines that cannot be selected and considering that a terminal is an energy accumulator with 0% charge; - an energy accumulator hitched to a terminal is considered to be hitched to an energy accumulator with 0% charge level and said energy accumulator hitched to a terminal is placed at the top of the classification of the classification step for be disconnected and taken off, when said energy accumulator coupled to a terminal has the highest level of charge; and or

- the steps of disconnecting the energy accumulators are implemented on fixed charging terminals, and in the case where the energy accumulators are mobile battery tenders, one or more displacements of the energy accumulators, such as mobile battery tenders, can be done independently on the energy accumulator recharging park for charging or storing these mobile battery tenders.

Another object according to the present invention relates to a method for managing the connections of energy accumulators for a motor vehicle, such as a mobile battery tender for an electric motor vehicle of a charging and/or recharging park for said accumulators. energy comprising at least two distinct lines for charging and/or recharging said energy accumulators, the accumulators of the line being electrically connected in series, the method comprising the following successive steps:

- a reception step a2 of an energy accumulator to be connected in the charging park and/or recharging in an energy accumulator reception zone;

- a step a3 for determining the level of charge for each energy accumulator in the recharging park;

- a step b2 for classifying the energy accumulators according to their level of charge;

- a selection step c2 of a location at the end of the line where the energy accumulator arriving at the recharging park will be connected; And

- A step d1 of connecting and charging the energy accumulator in the charging and/or recharging park at the location selected in the selection step c2. In a particular embodiment, the method for managing the connections of energy accumulators for motor vehicles of a recharging fleet of said energy accumulators according to the present invention can be characterized in that:

- the selection of the selection step is carried out on the assembly formed by the locations at the end of each line of energy accumulators;

- the selection of the selection step is carried out on the set constituted by the locations at the end of each line of energy accumulators, considering that a terminal is an energy accumulator with 0% charge;

- if there is at least one energy accumulator at the end of the line less charged than the energy accumulator to be connected in the charging and/or recharging park, considering that a terminal is an energy accumulator with 0% charge, the connection takes place behind an end-of-line energy store having the maximum charge level among the end-of-line energy stores that are less charged than the energy store to be connected in the loading and/or reloading park.

- if there is no energy accumulator at the end of the line that is less charged than the energy accumulator to be connected in the charging and/or recharging park, the connection is made behind an energy accumulator energy having the minimum level of charge among the energy accumulators at the end of the line, considering that a terminal is an energy accumulator with 0% charge;

- if several energy accumulators at the end of the line have an equal and minimum level of charge among the energy accumulators at the end of the line, the connection is made on the line with the smallest number of energy accumulators; and or

- energy accumulators are mobile charging trolleys for electric motor vehicles.

Another object according to the present invention relates to a method for managing the exchanges of energy accumulators for a motor vehicle, such as a mobile battery tender for an electric motor vehicle, of a charging station. charge management for energy accumulators comprising the following two steps:

- a step of implementing the method for managing the disconnection of an energy accumulator according to the present invention;

- a step of implementing the method for managing the connection of the energy accumulator arriving at the recharging park according to the present invention.

An object of the present invention also relates to a charge management station for energy accumulators for motor vehicles comprising:

- a park for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators for motor vehicles;

- at least one area for receiving energy accumulators, said energy accumulators being able to be charged, discharged or partially discharged, said reception area being linked to the park of energy accumulators; And

- at least one energy accumulator delivery zone in connection with the energy accumulator park, said energy accumulator delivery zone possibly being merged with the reception zone; characterized in that the charging and/or discharging park comprises at least two separate charging and/or discharging lines configured for charging and/or discharging the energy accumulators of each line, these energy accumulators being electrically connected in series, and in that the station comprises at least one control unit configured to implement the steps of the connection method of the invention and/or the steps of the disconnection method of the invention.

Series charging or discharging is a preferred way of charging or discharging because it limits the rate of electricity entering or leaving the charging management station. This avoids the use of heavy electrical means for converting the voltages and/or amperages of the fluxes. However, it is possible to mix the types of reloading (ie "partially in series") by placing charge/discharge lines in parallel with each other, which makes it possible to benefit from the advantages of both types of networking (limitation of electricity flows by placing in series with a possibility of variation of these flows according to the affluence by an arrangement in parallel of some of the lines or points of charges and/or discharges).

This management of the circulation and the management of the level of charge and/or discharge thus makes it possible to have better control over the aging of the energy accumulators.

Other features of the invention are described below.

The charge management station for energy accumulators for motor vehicles according to the present invention can be characterized in that:

- the energy accumulator loading and/or unloading park is a rotating merry-go-round.

- energy accumulators for motor vehicles are mobile battery tenders. The fact that the energy accumulators are mobile by themselves makes it easy to move them around the park, which facilitates the management of these accumulators;

- the energy accumulators are static or in motion during their charging or discharging, for example on a rotating merry-go-round. The advantage of a station in which the accumulators are static is an optimized charging cost. On the other hand, this type of station may require the implementation of a method for managing the inputs and outputs of the accumulators for optimized rotation of the accumulators and thus sufficient financial and/or energy profitability. The advantage of a station in which the accumulators are in motion, as in the case of a rotating merry-go-round, is to have an easily adjustable system according to the rate of attendance (the movement of the accumulators can be accelerated or slowed down at will ). On the other hand, the cost of maintaining such a device is increased compared to a station in which the energy accumulators are static; - the energy accumulators are charged and/or discharged via at least one terminal equipped with at least one fixed socket, at least one retractable socket, at least one socket attached to a cable or a chain, or via at least one induction hob;

- said station comprises at least one energy accumulator storage area;

- the separate charging and/or discharging lines are placed in parallel and optionally offset from each other. Such an arrangement facilitates and therefore optimizes the inputs and outputs of the accumulators on the park;

- the separate charging and/or discharging lines are placed in parallel and each includes at the end of the line a final terminal equipped with a fixed socket, each line being shifted by a final terminal relative to the other.

- the distinct lines of charge and/or discharge are placed according to a central symmetry.

- the separate lines of charge and/or discharge are placed according to an axial symmetry.

- the separate charging and/or discharging lines have different capacities in terms of receiving energy accumulators. Such an arrangement makes it easier to manage the charging and/or discharging of the accumulators. Indeed, by dedicating charge and/or discharge lines to accumulators having similar initial charge rates, it is possible to categorize the different lines for particular tasks. For example, one line can be dedicated to accumulators requiring a high recharge rate, while another line allows faster turnover of accumulators with charge rates close to the output rate. In addition, lines can thus be dedicated to the loading and/or unloading of the accumulators with a view to their storage;

the fleet for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators for motor vehicles is configured to make it possible to use the energy of certain accumulators (for example the overflow of energy) to supply other accumulators, for example for a storage of a portion or all of the accumulators; - the loading and/or unloading fleet of energy accumulators for motor vehicles is configured to make it possible to use the energy of the accumulators (for example the overflow of energy from certain accumulators) to redistribute it on the electrical network;

- the park for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators (1) for motor vehicles comprises a direction of entry and a predefined direction of exit, making it possible to optimize the cycles of charging and/or discharging of the accumulators of 'energy ; and or

- the park for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators for motor vehicles comprises at least two inputs and/or two outputs of the energy accumulators on said park. The multiplication of the input and output channels of the accumulators in the charging and/or discharging lines makes it possible to increase the modularity of the said parks.

- the load management station comprises a bidirectional power converter connected to an electrical network, such as a public electrical network, and at least one control means configured to draw or inject current from said electrical network.

Thus, the load management station according to the present invention can be used as a means of storing (and therefore regulating) electricity for an electrical network such as a public electrical network.

Another object according to the present invention relates to a method for managing the connections-disconnections of energy accumulators for a motor vehicle, such as a mobile battery tender for an electric motor vehicle, of a loading park and/or unloading of said accumulators comprising the following successive steps:

- a stage for determining the level of charge for each energy accumulator in the park;

- a step of selecting an energy accumulator having the highest level of charge to be disconnected and taken, or even exchanged during the arrival of a discharged or partially discharged energy accumulator arriving at the park; And

- a step of disconnecting and withdrawing the accumulator selected at the selection step, or even of exchanging the accumulator selected at the selection step by a discharged or partially discharged energy accumulator arriving in the park.

Thus, the present invention has the advantage of facilitating the movement of energy accumulators (such as mobile battery tenders) within the charge management station (slow charge (smartgrid) and fast charge (departure on vacation)) , with the notion of “first-in/first-out” for all the energy accumulators (first energy accumulator arrived, first energy accumulator out) while preserving their charge. The proposed solution also makes it possible to ensure maximum recharging of the energy accumulator (such as a mobile battery tender) before it is requested by an electric vehicle user for his journey. This secures the autonomy performance of the energy accumulator (such as a mobile battery tender) for the user.

By “electric vehicle”, it is understood in the context of the present invention any vehicle comprising a means of electric motorization, such as a vehicle having a purely electric motorization, or a hybrid vehicle with an internal combustion engine.

The invention further relates to a method for supplying or even exchanging a discharged or partially discharged energy accumulator for an electric motor vehicle, such as a mobile battery tender for an electric motor vehicle, by an energy accumulator recharged comprising the following steps:

- in the case of an exchange of an energy accumulator, a step of receiving said discharged or partially discharged energy accumulator in an energy accumulator reception zone, said reception zone being in connection with a park of energy accumulators; - a step of disconnecting the fleet of energy accumulators from a recharged energy accumulator whose choice of disconnection with a view to its withdrawal, or even its exchange, has been determined by the method for managing the connections-disconnections of energy accumulators for a motor vehicle of a loading and/or unloading park according to the present invention;

- where applicable, a step of charging the discharged or partially discharged energy accumulator; And

- previously, parallel to or following the step of charging, if applicable, a step of delivery to an energy accumulator delivery zone of the energy accumulator recharged from the disconnection step.

The method for managing the connections-disconnections of energy accumulators for motor vehicles from a charging and/or unloading fleet of said accumulators according to the present invention can be characterized in that:

- the energy accumulators, preferably mobile battery tenders, are placed on at least two separate loading and/or unloading lines in series;

- the disconnection and withdrawal step further comprises, when it is an exchange of accumulators, a series connection of the discharged or partially discharged energy accumulator arriving on the park to an accumulator not not having the highest charge level among the accumulators at the end of the line, preferably among the last accumulators arriving at the end of the line;

- the selection of the selection step is carried out on the set consisting of the last energy accumulators arrived on each loading and/or unloading line in series;

- when at least two energy accumulators have the same maximum charge level in the set consisting of the last energy accumulators arrived on each loading and/or unloading line in series, the selection of the selection step is conditioned by the first energy accumulator, starting from the last energy accumulator in going up each distinct line of loading and/or unloading, presenting a level of the lowest load;

- each separate loading and/or unloading line in series includes several entry and/or exit points for mobile battery tenders;

- an accumulator coupled to a terminal is considered to be coupled to an accumulator with 0% charge level and said accumulator coupled to a terminal is placed at the top of the classification of the classification step to be disconnected and removed, or even exchanged during the arrival of a discharged or partially discharged energy accumulator arriving at the park, when said accumulator coupled to a terminal has the highest level of charge; and or

- energy accumulators are mobile charging trolleys for electric motor vehicles.

In a particular embodiment, the "first energy accumulator, starting from the last energy accumulator going up each distinct line of loading and/or unloading, presenting a lowest level of charge" is the fore- last energy accumulator of each loading and/or unloading line in series.

In another particular embodiment, the "first energy accumulator, starting from the last energy accumulator going up each distinct loading and/or unloading line, presenting a lowest level of charge" is the front penultimate energy accumulator of each loading and/or unloading line in series.

In one embodiment, the computer program for implementing the classification and selection steps of the method for managing the connections-disconnections of energy accumulators from a loading and/or unloading park according to the present invention, can further be characterized, where appropriate, in that:

- it allows the implementation of the selection of the accumulator of the disconnection and exchange step which does not present the highest level of charge; and or

- it includes the following series of tests and answers: - Test T1 comprising the following question: is there an accumulator that is more charged than the others at the ends of the lines, the positions at the ends of each line of accumulators of the loading and/or unloading park being called the position "i"> of each line? ;

- Response "yes" to Test T1: the most charged accumulator is selected;

- Response "no" to Test T1: submission to Test T2;

- Test T2 including the following question: is there an accumulator in position "i-1" less charged than the others in this same position i-1 on all the lines of accumulators? ;

- Answer "yes" to Test T2: the accumulator in position i, in the same line as the least charged accumulator in i-1, is selected; And

- Response "no" to Test T2: reiteration of test T2 going up the line, position by position until an affirmative response or the accumulator at i is selected according to a pre-established or random order.

It allows the implementation of the selection of the energy accumulator behind which an energy accumulator is coupled when it arrives in the recharging park:

- it includes the following series of tests and answers:

- Test T3 comprising the following question: is there an energy accumulator at the end of the line that is less charged than the one arriving at the charging park on a charging line that is not full?

- Answer "yes" to Test T3: the slot selected is the one behind the most charged energy accumulator among the least charged; in case of a tie, the location is selected according to a pre-established order.

- Response "no" to the T3 Test: submission to the T4 Test

- Test T4 comprising the following question: is there an energy accumulator less charged than the others among the energy accumulators at the end of the line on the lines which are not full?

- Answer “yes” to Test T4: the recharging line chosen for recharging the energy accumulator is the line presenting the least charged energy accumulator at the end of the line. - Response "no" to Test T4: the location chosen is that of the line comprising the smallest number of energy accumulators; in case of a tie again, the location is selected according to a pre-established order.

In one embodiment, the method for supplying or even exchanging a discharged or partially discharged energy accumulator for an electric motor vehicle by a recharged energy accumulator can further be characterized in that:

- all the steps requiring the accumulator to be moved are performed robotically (i.e. autonomously);

- energy accumulators are mobile charging batteries for electric motor vehicles;

- energy accumulators (such as mobile battery tenders) can be recharged by induction;

- energy accumulators (such as mobile battery tenders) can be recharged by a fixed socket;

- energy accumulators (such as mobile battery tenders) can be recharged in series;

- the energy accumulators (such as mobile battery tenders) can be put in series and to satisfy the principle of "first energy accumulators in are first energy accumulators out", an offset of each distinct line charging and/or discharging energy accumulators being charged can be applied to increase the number of energy accumulators being charged;

- energy accumulators (such as mobile battery tenders) can be recharged via a retractable socket;

- the energy accumulators (such as mobile battery tenders) can be recharged on a rotating merry-go-round with at least one charging socket attached to a cable and said at least one charging socket is mechanically conductive of electricity only in a precise and passive zone on the rest of the carousel;

- energy accumulators (such as mobile battery tenders) can be recharged on a rotating merry-go-round with charging sockets at two sides, disengageable, and optionally mechanically conductive of electricity only in a precise and passive zone on the rest of the carousel;

- the steps of disconnecting and charging the energy accumulators are implemented on fixed charging and/or discharging terminals, for example with a diagonal alignment, or mobile, such as on a rotating merry-go-round, and/ Or

- in the case where the energy accumulators are mobile battery tenders, one or more movements of these mobile battery tenders can be done independently on the energy accumulator park for the charging or storage of these mobile tender-batteries.

Thus, depending on the solution, the energy accumulators (such as mobile battery-tenders) can remain in series to recharge and/or discharge but during an outing, this will cause the entire separate line of charging and/or discharging to reverse. or discharging of energy accumulators (to bring out the first energy accumulator), which in this case will cause a break in load. Then the separate loading and/or unloading line is moved forward to reconnect it to the terminal. An advantage of placing the fixed terminals diagonally is to allow the energy accumulator (such as a mobile battery tender) that comes out to have a clear path to circulate.

Another possible solution is to put the charging and/or discharging terminals on a rotating merry-go-round with a rail system limiting the complexity of the installation. The rotating motion of the merry-go-round naturally facilitates the entry and exit of energy accumulators (such as mobile tenderbatteries). They can be charged while being connected in series or individually to mobile terminals.

Thus, the park for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators for motor vehicles according to the present invention can be characterized in that it comprises final terminals for loading and/or fixed or mobile unloading. The arrangement of the fixed or mobile terminals naturally facilitates the movement of the energy accumulators (such as mobile battery tenders) in the station while ensuring their charging.

The embodiments of the present invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended figures in which:

[Fig.1] illustrates a charge management station having a direction of circulation of energy accumulators 1, such as mobile tender-batteries: an area 5 dedicated for the incoming energy accumulators (accumulators of energy discharged or partially discharged 2) and a zone 6 dedicated to the outgoing energy accumulators (recharged energy accumulators 3).

[Fig.2] represents an ascending or descending spiral for the part used for charging and/or discharging (for example inductive) of the energy accumulators 1.

[Fig.3] illustrates the offset of each separate line for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators 1 from one place relative to the other, allowing easier exit of the energy accumulators at the end of the chain (near the terminal).

[Fig.4] illustrates an entry path making it possible to distribute the energy accumulators 1 , such as mobile battery tenders, entering towards the separate lines for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators 1 .

[Fig.5] represents the same arrangement of energy accumulators, such as mobile battery tenders, as that of figure 4 with in addition a central symmetry (diagonal exit path) while maintaining a central circulation aisle.

[Fig.6] illustrates the same arrangement of the energy accumulators 1, such as mobile tender-batteries, as that of FIG. 4 with in addition an axial symmetry with respect to the vertical axis (symmetry with respect to the horizontal axis also possible). [Fig.7] illustrates the charging and/or discharging of energy accumulators 1, such as mobile tender-batteries, by means of a retractable charging and/or discharging socket.

[Fig.8] represents the charging and/or discharging of energy accumulators 1, such as mobile battery-tenders, on a revolving merry-go-round or "carousel" with a plug attached to a cable or chain.

[Fig.9] illustrates energy accumulators 1 , such as mobile tenderbatteries, on a rotating merry-go-round with two-sided, disengageable charging and/or discharging sockets.

[Fig.10] represents an energy accumulator charging management station 1, such as mobile tender-batteries, on the basis of a rotating merry-go-round: one mobile socket per accumulator (with 2 charging strands and/ or discharge).

[Fig.11 ] represents a station in the form of a hexagon.

[Fig.12] represents a way of operating the selection of energy accumulators 1 , such as mobile tender-batteries.

[Fig.13] represents the computer program allowing the management of the energy accumulators 1, such as mobile tender-batteries, to be disconnected on an example of several distinct lines of loading and/or unloading of accumulators of energy 1 .

[Fig.14] represents the computer program making it possible to determine where the energy accumulators 1 to be charged and/or discharged must be placed on an example of several distinct lines for charging and/or discharging accumulators d energy 1.

In all the figures shown, the same element reference numbers have been used from one figure to another and the percentages represent the load rates.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the charging management station for energy accumulators comprises a park 8 for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators 1 for motor vehicles. Concerning the charging and/or discharging of the energy accumulators 1 (such as mobile battery tenders), it can be carried out in one embodiment by means of an induction system with a fixed part (charging and/or induction discharge plate 7) on the loading and/or unloading park of energy accumulators 1 as shown in Figure 1 and possibly another removable part (not shown) to be fixed on the energy accumulators (such as the mobile battery tender), if said energy accumulators 1 are not filled. The fact of recharging and/or discharging the energy accumulators 1 by induction makes it possible to release the end of the separate line for charging and/or discharging from the fixed outlet. This therefore allows the first energy accumulator 1 entered to be the first energy accumulator 1 to exit. The charging and/or discharging park for energy accumulators 1 therefore has an inductive charging and/or discharging area for the energy accumulators 1. The charging management station also has a direction of circulation of the energy accumulators which can take the form of a zone 5 for receiving incoming energy accumulators 1 (discharged or partially discharged energy accumulators 2) and a delivery zone 6 for outgoing energy accumulators (energy accumulators recharged 3) as shown in Figure 1. The load management station can include a control unit 4 which can take the form of a control center managed by an operator or a computer management unit. This control unit 4 notably manages the connection and disconnection methods of the energy accumulators 1 described later. For this purpose the control unit comprises the means of acquisition, of processing by software instructions stored in a memory as well as the control means required for the implementation of the methods of the invention.

Provision is made for the park 8 for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators 1 to comprise at least two distinct lines for charging and/or discharging. FIG. 1 presents, for example, three separate lines for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators 1 (presented horizontally in FIG. 1). To limit the infrastructure cost of the load management station, on each line, the energy accumulators 1 are electrically connected in series. An upward or downward vertical displacement (such as an upward or downward spiral for the inductive part used for charging and/or discharging) of the energy accumulators (or mobile tender-batteries) can be envisaged to limit the surface on the ground of the station as illustrated in FIG. 2. A circulation path of the spiral type 9, ascending or descending, for the mobile tender-batteries could also be applied to the circulations of the charging and/or discharging outlets in the case of rotating carousels. This architecture can also accommodate a mobile battery-tender charging and/or discharging system of the inductive type or as a rotating merry-go-round if the route of the mobile battery-tender/recharging and/or discharging plug loops back.

A solution can be a succession of retractable sockets spaced a distance of several mobile battery tenders on the spiral course. A set of energy accumulators (or mobile tender-batteries) is electrically connected in series on a retractable socket and is charged. When the first energy accumulator (or mobile tender-battery) is charged (to the desired percentage depending on the location of the socket on the route), as before, the socket clears the way for the energy accumulator (or mobile tender-battery) rented can join either the next set of energy accumulators (or mobile tender-batteries) to continue charging and/or discharging or the exit route.

One of the important advantages, for charging management stations integrating a three-dimensional aspect, is the storage of energy accumulators (or mobile tender-batteries) during charging and/or discharging and the very flexible layout of the inputs and outputs for energy accumulators.

Another advantage of this charging and/or discharging solution, in addition to having respected the "first-in/first-out" principle, is also to offer continuous charging and/or discharging of energy accumulators (or mobile tender-batteries). As the charging and/or discharging stations of energy accumulators can serve as electrical storage in a future deployment of "smartgrids", being able to continuously charge or discharge energy accumulators would make it possible to smooth the current on the electrical network.

It should also be noted that this system of recharging and/or discharging by induction reveals a single exit passage and a single entry path for the circulation of the energy accumulators (or mobile tender-batteries). This installation in or for the station makes it possible to distribute the incoming energy accumulators on the separate lines for loading and / or unloading energy accumulators according to the filling rate of each separate line for loading and / or unloading of energy accumulators.

By contrast, charging and/or discharging via a fixed current outlet (represented by a final terminal 10) involves shifting each distinct line for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators 1 (or mobile tender-batteries) charging and/or discharging as illustrated in FIG. 3. The energy accumulators 1 are then electrically connected in series via a current transmission link 11 taking the form, for example, of a power cable.

Preferably, the energy accumulators 1 have 2 sockets, one at the front of said energy accumulator 1, which can also be used for connection to vehicles, and another at the rear of said energy accumulator 1 , which can be identical to that which equips the vehicles so as to allow serial connection for the loading and/or unloading of the energy accumulators 1 .

As explained above, charging and/or discharging with a fixed power outlet poses a problem of management of the energy accumulators 1 (or mobile tender-batteries). One of the solutions proposed by the present invention is to offset each separate line for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators 1 from one socket relative to the other, as illustrated in FIG. 3. This offset on the load management station and the loading and/or unloading park is intended to free up the space necessary for the energy accumulator 1 closest to the final terminal 10 so that the energy accumulator can come out as soon as there is a demand as illustrated in figure 3.

However, this architecture imposes a backward movement on the entire separate line for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators 1 (or mobile tender-batteries) in order to be able to release the first energy accumulator 1 from the charging socket and /or discharge (final terminal 10) to which it is connected during charging. The fact of reversing the entire separate line for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators also causes a temporary break in the process of recharging and/or discharging the energy accumulators before the separate line (minus one or more accumulators released) is advanced and reconnected to the charging and/or discharging socket.

It will also be noted that the diagonal offset of the sockets (or final terminals 10) reveals several exit passages for the energy accumulators 1 (or mobile tender-batteries) while maintaining a single entry path. This reduces the total area of the charging station and/or discharging the energy accumulators.

One solution was to find an entry path - reception area 5 - allowing the incoming energy accumulators (or mobile tender-batteries) to be distributed to the separate energy accumulator loading and/or unloading lines 1 as shown in Figure 4 and to provide delivery areas 6.

Starting from the same principle (offset of the energy accumulators 1 (or mobile tender-batteries) and final terminal 10) other arrangements can be envisaged making it possible to maximize the occupancy rate of the energy accumulators 1 with respect to the ground. For example, by making a central symmetry of the previous solution and by keeping a central circulation aisle as illustrated in FIG. 5, it is possible to maximize the occupancy rate of the energy accumulators with respect to the ground. Alternatively, it is possible to apply a symmetry with respect to the vertical axis (symmetry with respect to the horizontal axis also possible) as illustrated in figure 6. On the other hand, this solution has a lower filling rate than the solution of Figure 5. The recharging and/or discharging of the energy accumulators (or mobile tenderbatteries) can also be done by means of a recharging and/or discharging socket which would be retractable. In this configuration, the initial structure of the load management station with respect to rental is retained. Only the fixed socket is modified by a retractable socket 12 (or retractable final terminal) which, by moving, makes it possible to free up a passage for the exit of the energy accumulators as illustrated in FIG. 7. This architecture does not impose any backward movement to the entire distinct line for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators 1 (or mobile tender-batteries) in order to be able to release the first energy accumulator 1 close to the charging and/or discharging socket 12. The fact of Using a retractable socket to recharge and/or discharge the separate line for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators also leads to a temporary break in the process of recharging and/or discharging the energy accumulators (or tender-batteries mobile) when the socket is disconnected from the first energy accumulator 1. With this architecture, the recharging and/or discharging zone by retractable socket 13 makes it possible to maximize the surface for recharging and/or discharging. As for charging and/or discharging by induction, this charging management station with the retractable sockets 12 shows a single exit passage (delivery zone 6) and a single entry path (reception zone 5) for the circulation of the energy accumulators 1 (or mobile tender-batteries). This installation in the station or the loading and/or unloading park makes it possible to distribute the incoming energy accumulators 2 on separate lines for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators 1 according to the filling rate of each line separate charging and/or discharging of energy accumulators 1.

As a variant of this solution of retractable sockets, a recharging and/or discharging socket is positioned on one side of the energy accumulator 1 (or mobile battery tender), which can allow recharging and/or discharging via a retractable socket 12 of the “flexible pole” type (like conventional fuel guns) to recharge and/or discharge the energy accumulators 1 without obstructing their progress. A plug or several sockets could carry out the charging and/or discharging of an energy accumulator 1 or of the separate line for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators 1 .

With regard to the charging and/or discharging of energy accumulators (such as mobile battery tenders) with a loading and/or unloading park appearing as a rotating merry-go-round, this solution is based on moving the final terminal 10 (or recharging and/or discharging socket) on a “carousel”, that is to say a “turning merry-go-round”. The plug is, in this initial variant, attached to a cable or a chain 14. It moves mainly thanks to the autonomous and robotic energy accumulators 1 (such as mobile or tender-batteries). It can also be moved by activating a driving wheel 15 which sets the entire cable/chain 14 in motion. FIG. 8. In this version, each final terminal 10 (or recharging and/or discharging socket) only charges and/or discharges a single energy accumulator (or mobile battery tender). This final terminal 10 (or recharging and/or discharging socket) can only be electrically conductive in a recharging and/or discharging zone delimited by a mechanical contact system 16. In the solution presented, the final terminal 10 when 'it is in contact with this mechanical system (eg rails), establishes a contact closing the electrical circuit. It then conducts the electricity to recharge and/or discharge the energy accumulator 1. The energy accumulator 1 which can be robotized is then autonomous in terms of movement (for example in the case of a mobile battery tender ), it is the autonomous energy accumulator 1 coupled to the socket which will push the charging and/or discharging socket. Since the sockets are all attached to the cable or chain 14, this means that all the energy accumulators 1 must then move together to move the final terminals 10 forward. The simultaneous movement of all the energy accumulators can be problematic in terms of synchronization of energy accumulating robots. However, if the final charging and/or discharging terminal 10 (or power socket) uses a mechanical system of locking of the energy accumulators as on cars, in this case a single energy accumulator can drive the whole carousel, or that all the energy accumulators in charge and mechanically locked at their final terminal 10 are moved by the or the drive wheels 15. It is also possible to operate the energy accumulators in turn in order to better manage the aging of the drive motors of the energy accumulators (distribution on the energy accumulators of the advancement of the carousel). The advantage of these solutions is the application of the operating principle of "first-in/first-out" on one of the strands, or both, of the rotating merry-go-round without breaking load and/or unloading for each accumulator of energy 1 .

It is possible to integrate a driving wheel 15 on the charging and/or discharging platform to ensure the movement of the final terminals 10 on the carousel when there are no longer any autonomous energy accumulators 1 pushing the sockets on the carousel.

It should also be noted that the outgoing energy accumulator (recharged energy accumulator 3) at the level of a passage equivalent to a delivery zone 6, is released from its charging socket and/or discharge by the accumulator energy 1 next being charged and/or discharged pushing its own end terminal 10 and advancing behind the outgoing energy accumulator (recharged energy accumulator 3) on the merry-go-round.

In this solution, the charging and/or discharging socket closes the electrical circuit and becomes electrically conductive only in the charging and/or discharging zone which is materially limited by the presence of a mechanical contact system 16, such as electric rails. It is active only in this area. The charging and/or discharging solution is of the mechanical contact type, but a contactless solution is possible, such as induction for example.

With regard to the charging and/or discharging of the energy accumulators 1 (such as mobile battery tenders) on a rotating merry-go-round with two-sided and disengageable charging and/or discharging sockets, this solution in FIG. 9 is a variant of the previous solution illustrated in Figure 8. It still incorporates the “first-in/first-out” principle of the previous solutions. It allows the continuous charging and/or discharging of the energy accumulators 1 on the charging and/or unloading station/park, the energy accumulators 1 can be recharged and/or discharged by putting themselves in series as illustrated in figure 9 and thus constitute a separate line for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators 1. In order to ensure continuous charging and/or discharging, a first separate line for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators 1 is created as shown in Figure 9 with the top strand. The first energy accumulator 1 is therefore connected mechanically and electrically to the final terminal 10 (charging and/or discharging socket) which is mobile and can be disengaged. All the final terminals 10 (charging and/or discharging socket) are disengageable and have a double system for charging and/or discharging the energy accumulators 1 (for example a male part and a female part).

When the separate line for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators 1 (such as mobile battery tenders) is being formed, the first energy accumulator is blocked by the final terminal 10 (charging socket and / or discharge) and is disengaged from the cable or the chain 14. This energy accumulator cannot therefore come out. With the charging and/or discharging socket of the first energy accumulator disengaged, the distinct line for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators 1 can remain in place or advance by the movement of one or more (or even all) energy accumulators of the separate line for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators since they can be robotised (in particular for mobile battery tenders). In order to allow the output of the ^1st energy accumulator at any time, while ensuring continuous charging and/or discharging of the separate charging and/or discharging line, a second charging and/or discharging socket is moved thanks to the cable or chain 14 to the rear of the last energy accumulator 1 of the separate line for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators. At this stage, the entire separate line for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators is “sandwiched” or in a “vice” between the two final terminals 10 (see upper section of FIG. 10).

In this way the continuous charging and/or discharging of the energy accumulators (such as mobile battery tenders) of the separate energy accumulator charging and/or discharging line is ensured. The second socket is then mechanically locked to the last energy accumulator by the same mechanical system that equips all the energy accumulators. This is the reason why the final terminals 10 can have 2 parts (one male and the other female) for charging and/or discharging the energy accumulators 1. The energy accumulator can also be disengaged or remain engaged on the cable or chain 14 as illustrated in figure 10.

In order to release the first energy accumulator 1 (or mobile battery tender) and the following ones according to user demand, the first final terminal 10 is then released mechanically by the first energy accumulator and also made integral with the cable. or chain 14 (clutch). It is moved by the driving wheel 15 or by other autonomous energy accumulators 1 which would move a separate line for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators 1 on the carousel.

In a particular embodiment, once the socket has been disengaged, no more accumulator can be connected to it until it has reached an area with accumulators waiting for a rear charge/discharge socket or an area free of energy accumulators. However, this grip being integral with the cable or the chain, it can be moved by the driving wheel 15 or another group of autonomous accumulators.

Thus, as it moves forward, the socket frees up the necessary space at the exit of the first energy accumulator 1 from the separate line for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators on the carousel (see lower section of FIG. 10) .

In order not to have an installation that is too complex from an electrical point of view for the final mobile terminals 10, the electricity is brought to the terminals by means of a mechanical contact system such as a rail or an electrified slide (which must be protected by construction against the risk of electrocution).

For figures 8, 9 and 10, the revolving carousels are represented in the form of oblong circles. However, it is possible to have other shapes of carousel with several "sides". This will strongly depend on the space allocated to the station or the loading and/or unloading park. Thus, the illustration in Figure 11 shows a station in the shape of a hexagon.

A change of battery modules on the energy accumulator can also be envisaged on this charge management station, as well as areas specially dedicated to the repair and maintenance of energy accumulators.

In the context of the present invention, a "computer program" is a computer implementation of a "process".

As regards the process (or the computer program) for selecting energy accumulators to be delivered as replacements for accumulators to be charged and/or discharged, in order to minimize the cost of the infrastructure and to avoid having to load interruption, it may be advantageous not to set up a perfect “first-in/first-out” but a partial “first-in/first-out” one. The first energy accumulators to arrive will generally leave first, but inversions may occur. These order inversions, if they are minimized, can be acceptable in a large number of cases. They may even be optimal in some cases. Indeed, the energy accumulators will arrive at the station with variable charge and/or discharge levels. Thus the penultimate energy accumulator arrived may have a charge and/or discharge level lower than that of the last energy accumulator arrived. It is therefore optimal for the last energy accumulator to arrive to leave before the penultimate one.

Figure 12 illustrates such an embodiment. The 100% recharged energy accumulator placed behind the 70% one is selected: following this start, if energy accumulators 1 arrive in the station or the loading and/or unloading park, they will have more places to hitch behind energy accumulators 1 not completely charged: separate line A for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators (70%) and separate line B for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators (45%). If the energy accumulator of the distinct line B for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators had been chosen, then the only distinct line for charging and/or discharging whose last energy accumulator is not fully charged would have been the separate line C for loading and/or unloading.

Thus, to remedy these issues, the displacement of the energy accumulators can be managed by means of the method (or the computer program) according to the present invention, according to the level of charge and/or discharge of the energy accumulators already present in the station or the loading and/or unloading park.

The outgoing selection computer program (or process) may allow the energy storage to be selected to exit the station when a customer arrives. The energy accumulators that can be selected are the energy accumulators at the end of the line. An example can be with a station with several (e.g. three) distinct lines of loading and/or unloading of energy accumulators to which the computer program of figure 13 is applied. Here, when an accumulator is hitched to a terminal, it is considered to be coupled to an accumulator with 0% charge level.

Thus, in figure 13, the test T1 corresponds to: is there an accumulator more charged than the others at the ends of the lines (position i)?

In figure 13, the test T2 corresponds to: is there an accumulator in position i-1 less charged than the others in the same position i-1?

In figure 13, the response R1 corresponds to: the most charged accumulator is selected.

In FIG. 13, the response R2 corresponds to: reiteration of the test T2 going up the line, position by position until an affirmative response or else the accumulator at i is selected according to a pre-established order. In FIG. 13, the response R3 corresponds to: the accumulator is selected at position i in the same row as the least charged accumulator at i-1.

As regards the method (computer program) for selecting the arrivals (in FIG. 14), the computer program (or method) making it possible to decide on the distinct line for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators which will be harnessed by an energy accumulator arriving in the station. The separate lines for charging and/or discharging energy accumulators cannot exceed a certain number N of energy accumulators. For example, a station can include three separate lines for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators and a number N=5 of energy accumulators.

The fact of hitching up behind a most charged energy accumulator among the set constituted by the energy accumulators less charged than the arriving energy accumulator makes it possible to maintain the most charged energy accumulators as much as possible at the end of the line. Moreover, if another energy accumulator arrives next, the probability is maximized that it has a level of charge and/or discharge greater than one of the energy accumulators i, or failing that, the difference between the level charging and/or discharging of the least charged energy accumulator i and of the future arriving accumulator.

On the other hand, when no energy accumulator at the end of the line is less charged than the arriving energy accumulator, the fact of hitching up behind the least charged energy accumulator makes it possible to minimize the unavailability of the energy accumulators. For example, a 60% energy store can be charged up to 100% faster than a 45% energy store. The energy accumulator at 60% can therefore be available more quickly at 100% than the energy accumulator at 45%. If a 30% energy accumulator arrives, it is therefore preferable to hitch it behind the 45% energy accumulator. This minimizes the time during which a 100% energy accumulator is "locked in" by an energy accumulator in the process of charging and/or discharging.

Here, a terminal is considered as an accumulator with 0% charge level. Thus in figure 14, test T3 corresponds to: is there an accumulator at the end of the line that is less charged than the one arriving at the loading and/or unloading park on a loading and/or unloading line which is not full ?

In figure 14, the test T4 corresponds to: is there an accumulator less charged than the others among the accumulators at the end of the line on the lines which are not full?

In figure 14, the response R4 corresponds to: the location selected is that behind the most charged accumulator among those least charged; in case of a tie, the location is selected according to a pre-established order.

In Figure 14, the response R5 corresponds to the location chosen is that of the line comprising the smallest number of accumulators; in case of a tie again, the location is selected according to a pre-established order.

In figure 14, the answer R6 corresponds to: the loading and/or unloading line chosen for the loading and/or unloading of the accumulator is the line presenting the least charged accumulator at the end of the line.

Thus the computer program (or method) for energy accumulator exchange according to the present invention can be constituted by the combination of the computer program (or method) for starting selection then a computer program (or method) arrival selection.

Claims

1 . Method for managing disconnections of energy accumulators (1) for a motor vehicle, such as a mobile battery tender for an electric motor vehicle, from a charging park and/or for recharging said energy accumulators (1) comprising at least two distinct lines for charging and/or recharging said energy accumulators (1), the accumulators of the line being electrically connected in series, the method comprising the following successive steps:

- a step a1 for determining the level of charge for each energy accumulator (1) in the recharging park;

- a step b1 for classifying the energy accumulators (1) according to their level of charge;

- a selection step c1 of an energy accumulator (1) having a maximum level of charge among the energy accumulators (1) located at the end of each recharging line in series to be disconnected and taken; And

- a step of disconnecting and withdrawing d1 from the energy accumulator (1) selected in the selection step c1.

2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the selection of the selection step c1 will be carried out on a line whose penultimate energy accumulator (1) arrived has the minimum charge level among the penultimate last energy accumulators (1) arrived belonging to a line on which the selection can be made, considering that a terminal is an energy accumulator (1) with 0% charge.

3. Method according to claim 2 characterized in that the selection of the selection step c1 will be carried out on a line of which an n ^1st energy accumulator (1) starting from the end has the minimum charge level among the n ^1st energy accumulators (1) starting from the end of each line on which the selection can be made and by eliminating at each round of rank i starting from the end, the lines which cannot be selected and by considering that a terminal is an energy accumulator (1) with 0% charge.

4. Method for managing the connections of energy accumulators (1) for a motor vehicle, such as a mobile battery tender for a vehicle electric automobile of a fleet for charging and/or recharging said energy accumulators (1) comprising at least two separate lines for charging and/or recharging said energy accumulators (1), the accumulators of the line being electrically connected in series, the method comprising the following successive steps:

- a reception step a2 of an energy accumulator (1) to be connected in the charging park and/or recharging in an energy accumulator reception zone (1);

- a step a3 for determining the level of charge for each energy accumulator (1) in the recharging park;

- a classification step b2 of the energy accumulators (1) according to their level of charge;

- a selection step c2 of a location (2) at the end of the line where the energy accumulator (1) arriving at the recharging park will be connected; And

- a step of connection and charging d1 of the energy accumulator (1) in the charging park and/or recharging at the location selected in the selection step c2.

5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that, if there is at least one energy accumulator (1) at the end of the line less loaded than the energy accumulator (1) to be connected in the loading park and/or recharging, considering that a terminal is an energy accumulator (1) with 0% charge, the connection is made behind an energy accumulator (1) at the end of the line having the charge level maximum among the energy accumulators (1) at the end of the line less charged than the energy accumulator (1) to be connected in the loading and/or recharging park.

6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that, if there is no energy accumulator (1) at the end of the line less charged than the energy accumulator (1) to be connected in the park loading and/or recharging, the connection is made behind an energy accumulator (1) having the minimum level of charge among the energy accumulators (1) at the end of the line, considering that a terminal is a energy accumulator (1) with 0% charge.

7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that, if several energy accumulators (1) at the end of the line have an equal and minimum charge level among the energy accumulators (1) at the end of the line, the connection takes place on the line with the smallest number of energy accumulators (1).

8. Charging management station for energy accumulators (1) for motor vehicles comprising:

- a park (8) for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators (1) for motor vehicles;

- at least one reception area (5) of energy accumulators (1), said energy accumulators (1) being able to be charged, discharged or partially discharged (2), said reception area (5) being linked with the park of energy accumulators (1); And

- at least one delivery zone (6) of energy accumulators (1) in connection with the park of energy accumulators (1), said delivery zone of energy accumulators (1) being able to be confused with the reception area (5); characterized in that the charging and/or discharging park (8) comprises at least two distinct charging and/or discharging lines configured for charging and/or discharging the energy accumulators (1) of each line, these accumulators of energy (1) being electrically connected in series, and in that the station comprises at least one control unit (4) configured to implement the steps of the connection method according to one of Claims 1 to 3 and/ or the steps of the disconnection method according to one of Claims 4 to 7.

9. Load management station according to claim 8, characterized in that the park (8) for loading and/or unloading energy accumulators (1) is a rotating merry-go-round.

10. Charging management station according to claim 8, characterized in that the separate charging and/or discharging lines are placed in parallel and each comprise at the end of the line a final terminal (10) provided with a fixed socket, each line being offset by a final terminal (10) relative to the other.

11. Charging management station according to claim 10, characterized in that the separate charging and/or discharging lines are placed in a central symmetry.

12. Charging management station according to claim 10, characterized in that the separate charging and/or discharging lines are placed in axial symmetry.

13. Charging management station according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the separate charging and/or discharging lines have different capacities in terms of receiving energy accumulators (1).

14. Load management station according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the park (8) for loading and / or unloading energy accumulators (1) for motor vehicles comprises a direction of input and a predefined output direction, making it possible to optimize the charging and/or discharging cycles of the energy accumulators (1).

15. Load management station according to any one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that it comprises a bidirectional power converter connected to an electrical network and at least one control means configured to draw or inject current from said electrical network.