WO2023159704A1 - Battery series-parallel connection switching main circuit without power output interruption, and system and method - Google Patents

Battery series-parallel connection switching main circuit without power output interruption, and system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023159704A1
WO2023159704A1 PCT/CN2022/081877 CN2022081877W WO2023159704A1 WO 2023159704 A1 WO2023159704 A1 WO 2023159704A1 CN 2022081877 W CN2022081877 W CN 2022081877W WO 2023159704 A1 WO2023159704 A1 WO 2023159704A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
switch
positive
voltage
terminal
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PCT/CN2022/081877
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
贺洪芝
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贺洪芝
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Publication of WO2023159704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023159704A1/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit device for battery pack power supply, in particular to a circuit and method for battery series-parallel switching without interruption of power output, and a battery pack, an electric propulsion system and a vehicle using the circuit or method.
  • an electric vehicle equipped with two 400V voltage platform battery modules can be flexibly configured as a 400V or 800V voltage platform by connecting the two battery modules in series and parallel to meet the needs of 800V fast charging and the above-mentioned 400V voltage platform charging pile charging.
  • the 400V voltage platform charging pile for the battery with a fixed battery voltage output on the 800V voltage platform also needs a 400V to 800V step-up DC converter on board, while the above-mentioned two battery module series-parallel connection scheme does not need the step-up DC converter. Therefore, the series-parallel connection scheme of battery modules has a relatively large cost competitive advantage.
  • the main load of the electric vehicle battery pack is the electric drive system including the motor controller and the motor.
  • an ideal battery power supply method is to use different batteries when the motor works in different speed ranges. voltage output.
  • a lower battery voltage is required when the motor operates in a low-speed area, and a higher battery voltage is required when operating in a high-speed area. Therefore, an electric vehicle with an 800V voltage platform realized by using two 400V voltage platform battery modules through series-parallel switching is available.
  • the output voltage of the battery pack needs to change during driving. In the low-speed area, the two battery modules are connected in parallel to output a 400V voltage platform voltage. When accelerating to the high-speed area, the two battery modules switch the two battery modules into a Connect in series to output 800V voltage platform voltage.
  • the technical solution of the existing series-parallel switching circuit is to use three relays as series-parallel switching switches to switch the main circuit, and the main purpose is to solve the problem of charging the 800V voltage platform battery by the charging pile of the 400V voltage platform.
  • the existing three-relay main circuit technical scheme has the following problems. 1.
  • the power output of the battery pack is interrupted during the period after the switch that supports parallel connection is turned off and before the switch that supports series connection is closed. During this period, the voltage of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller drops rapidly. It will cause no power output to the motor controller, and then the power of the electric drive system or the vehicle will be interrupted when accelerating, which will have a great negative impact on the vehicle's power performance and driving experience; 3.
  • the technical scheme of the three-relay main circuit cannot solve the problem of large current impact in the process of switching from parallel connection to series connection when the battery pack outputs drive power to the motor controller.
  • the present invention proposes technical solutions from five aspects, including:
  • the technical solution of the first aspect proposes a circuit, the core of which is a main circuit for switching between series and parallel of two battery modules, and the circuit also includes a control circuit unit and a power supply circuit between the battery pack and the motor controller.
  • the circuit is embodied in technical solutions 1 to 3 below.
  • a circuit comprising:
  • the main circuit is used for series-parallel switching of two battery modules, the two battery modules include a first battery module and a second battery module, and each of the battery modules has a positive pole and a negative pole,
  • the two battery modules can be configured to be connected in series or in parallel by the main circuit, and the positive and negative poles of the two battery modules connected in series or in parallel are connected through the main positive relay, the main negative relay, the fuse, and the positive power line.
  • the negative power supply line is electrically coupled to an electric drive system including a motor controller and a motor for energy transfer, and the main circuit includes:
  • a first battery negative terminal electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the first battery module
  • a first switch which has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the first switch and the second terminal of the first switch are electrically coupled to the positive port of the first battery Between the positive terminal of the second battery, the control terminal of the first switch can configure the first switch to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state;
  • a second switch which has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the second switch and the second terminal of the second switch are electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the second battery Between the negative terminal of the first battery, the control terminal of the second switch can configure the second switch to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state;
  • the main circuit also includes:
  • a diode which is electrically coupled between the positive port of the first battery and the negative port of the second battery, the cathode of the diode is electrically coupled to the positive port of the first battery, and the anode of the diode is electrically coupled connected to the negative terminal of the second battery;
  • a semiconductor non-contact switch which has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch and the second terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch are electrically coupled to the Between the negative terminal of the first battery and the positive terminal of the second battery, the semiconductor non-contact switch includes a transistor or a plurality of transistors connected in series or in parallel, and the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch can be configured with the The semiconductor non-contact switch is in a bidirectional current conduction state or a bidirectional current blocking state.
  • Voltage sampling monitoring which includes voltage sampling monitoring between the first battery positive port and the first battery negative port, voltage sampling monitoring between the second battery positive port and the second battery negative port, Sampling and monitoring the voltage between the positive terminal of the first battery and the negative terminal of the second battery;
  • current sampling monitoring which includes current sampling monitoring between the positive port of the first battery or the negative port of the second battery and the motor controller
  • Switch state sampling monitoring which includes switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch, switching state sampling monitoring of the second switch, and switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch;
  • the control circuit unit includes:
  • a voltage sampling input port 1 which is electrically coupled to the positive port of the first battery and the negative port of the first battery;
  • a voltage sampling input port 2 which is electrically coupled to the positive port of the second battery and the negative port of the second battery;
  • the current sampling input port is electrically coupled to the output port of the current detection device, and the current detection device detects the current between the first battery positive port or the second battery negative port and the motor controller; as well as
  • a communication port which receives information including the actual current speed of the motor and a series-parallel switching command through an external communication bus, and the process status of the series-parallel switching of the two battery modules and the result status of the switching completion are passed through the communication port. port output onto the communication bus.
  • a first battery module which is the first battery module
  • the positive pole of the first battery module is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the first battery
  • the negative pole of the first battery module is electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the first battery
  • a second battery module which is the second battery module
  • the positive pole of the second battery module is electrically coupled to the positive port of the second battery
  • the negative pole of the second battery module is electrically coupled to the negative port of the second battery
  • a first inductance which includes the self-inductance of the positive power supply line, and the first inductance is electrically coupled between the positive terminal of the first battery and the positive pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller;
  • a second inductance which includes the self-inductance of the negative power supply line, the second inductance is electrically coupled between the negative terminal of the second battery and the negative pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller;
  • the fourth capacitor is the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller.
  • the motor controller inverts the DC power of the two battery modules into multi-phase AC power to drive the motor.
  • the fourth capacitor The positive pole of the fourth capacitor is electrically coupled to the positive pole of the first battery module via the first inductor, and the negative pole of the fourth capacitor is electrically coupled to the negative pole of the second battery module via the second inductor. ;as well as
  • a first current detection device detects the current between the positive terminal of the first battery or the negative terminal of the second battery and the motor controller.
  • the second technical solution proposes an electric propulsion system, including:
  • an electric motor configured to apply torque to its mechanical load
  • a motor controller which is connected to the motor, the positive pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the first battery, and the negative pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller is electrically coupled to to the negative terminal of the second battery;
  • a communication bus, the motor controller and the circuit of the technical solution of the first aspect are connected through the communication bus to perform information exchange.
  • the technical solution of the third aspect proposes a vehicle including the electric propulsion system described in the technical solution of the second aspect, the voltage of the supporting capacitor in the parallel state and the voltage of the supporting capacitor in the series state of the motor controller of the electric propulsion system are the first correlation configuration or the second associated configuration;
  • the parallel state support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the parallel connection state via the closed main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, The steady-state voltage value of the positive power supply line and the negative power supply line on the fourth capacitor;
  • the series support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the series connection state through the closed The steady-state voltage values of the main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, the positive power line and the negative power line on the fourth capacitor;
  • the first association configuration is that the parallel state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller is at least 250V to 450V, and the series state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller is at least 500V to 900V;
  • the second association configuration is that the parallel state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller is at least 125V to 225V, and the series state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller is at least 250V to 450V.
  • the technical solution of the fourth aspect proposes a method for operating the circuit described in the technical solution of the first aspect, and the functions realized by the method include passing the The method can realize that the positive mechanical power output of the motor is not interrupted when the two battery modules are switched in series and parallel, and the state of the positive mechanical power output of the motor is manifested by the fact that the current direction on the positive power supply line is from the first the battery positive terminal flows to the motor controller, the method comprising:
  • the drive system operates in a non-energy feedback state.
  • the non-energy feedback state is the positive current direction of the positive power line or when the positive power line has zero current
  • the positive current direction of the positive power line is the direction of the two battery modules.
  • the discharge current of the group flows from the positive terminal of the first battery to the motor controller, the zero current of the positive power supply line means that the current on the positive power supply line is zero, and the switching process is the start moment of the series-parallel switching of the circuit the time period until the end moment of the handover;
  • Step 1 disconnecting the first switch and the second switch
  • the second step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch and the second switch are both blocking states, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch is blocking state;
  • the third step is to use the step-down pulse width modulation method to increase the voltage of the fourth capacitor to the supporting capacitor voltage in a series state.
  • the step-down pulse width modulation method is to use the semiconductor non-contact switch, the diode,
  • the step-down circuit composed of the first inductance, the second inductance and the fourth capacitor controls the semiconductor non-contact switch to work alternately in conduction and resistance through the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch.
  • the fourth step is to stop the alternate operation of conduction and blocking of the semiconductor non-contact switch and control the semiconductor non-contact switch to always work in the conduction state;
  • the sequence and method of switching the two battery modules from series connection to parallel connection include two subdivision methods when the positive power line is in the positive current direction and when the positive power line is in zero current:
  • the step-down pulse width modulation method 2 is Utilize the step-down circuit composed of the semiconductor non-contact switch, the diode, the first inductance, the second inductance and the fourth capacitor, and then control the
  • the semiconductor non-contact switch works alternately in the conduction and blocking states, and gradually reduces the conduction pulse width duty cycle from the maximum conduction pulse width duty cycle, thereby reducing the voltage of the fourth capacitor, and the parallel state
  • the supporting capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules connected in parallel through the closed main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, the positive power line and the negative power line A steady-state voltage value on the fourth capacitor;
  • the semiconductor non-contact switch is controlled to be in a constant blocking state, and the voltage difference between the capacitor and the battery is equal to the voltage of the fourth capacitor and the voltage of the high-voltage battery module
  • the difference between the high-voltage battery module voltage is the battery module voltage with the highest voltage among the first battery module voltage and the second battery module voltage
  • the third step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch is a blocking state, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch and the second switch are both blocking states;
  • the fourth step is to close the corresponding switch of the high-voltage battery module.
  • the high-voltage battery module is the battery module with the highest voltage among the voltage of the first battery module and the voltage of the second battery module.
  • the switch is a switch that needs to be closed for the power supply output of the battery module, the corresponding switch of the first battery module is the second switch, and the corresponding switch of the second battery module is the first switch;
  • the fifth step is to close the corresponding switch of the low-voltage battery module when the voltage difference between the first and second batteries reaches a preset range, and the voltage difference between the first and second batteries is the first battery module
  • the difference between the voltage and the voltage of the second battery module, the low-voltage battery module is the battery module with the lowest voltage among the voltage of the first battery module and the voltage of the second battery module;
  • the first step is to control the semiconductor non-contact switch to be in an always-blocking state
  • the second step is to use the bus capacitor active discharge technology to reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor until the voltage difference between the capacitor and the battery reaches a preset range.
  • the bus capacitor active discharge technology includes operating multiple inverter bridges inside the motor controller. The conduction and blockage of each power device converts the energy stored in the fourth capacitor into heat energy or heat energy of the motor winding when the power device is turned on and off, so as to reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor technology;
  • the third step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch is a blocking state, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch and the second switch are both blocking states;
  • the fourth step is to close the corresponding switch of the high-voltage battery module
  • Step 5 When the current of the positive power supply line is in the positive current direction, the voltage of the high-voltage battery module drops, and when the voltage difference between the first and second batteries reaches a preset range, then close the low-voltage battery module. The corresponding switch of the voltage battery module.
  • the technical solution of the fifth aspect proposes an operation method for the electric propulsion system described in the technical solution of the second aspect, and the method includes:
  • the series-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules is generated by the autonomous intelligent mode of the control circuit unit in the technical solution of the second aspect or by the passive receiving mode of the control circuit unit in the technical solution of the second aspect,
  • the autonomous intelligent mode takes the real-time speed of the motor and the series-parallel state of the two battery modules as input conditions, and autonomously and intelligently generates the series-parallel switching command according to the speed hysteresis comparison rule, and the real-time speed of the motor is The actual current rotational speed of the motor is received in real time through the communication port of the control circuit unit in the technical solution of the second aspect.
  • the series-parallel connection state of the two battery modules includes a series state, a parallel state, and a state in the process of switching.
  • the speed hysteresis comparison rule includes: firstly, two motor speed values N1 and two speed values N2 are preset based on the principle of optimizing the loss of the electric drive system, and the motor speed value N1 and the motor speed value N2 can be determined according to the The series-parallel state of the two battery modules and the real-time dynamic calculation and update of the fourth capacitor voltage, or preset the fixed motor speed value N1 and the motor speed according to the series-parallel state of the two battery modules value N2, the motor speed value N1 is always smaller than the motor speed value N2; then, when the real-time speed of the motor exceeds the motor speed value N2, and the two battery modules are currently in the parallel state , then automatically generate a switching instruction to switch the current parallel connection state of the two battery modules to a series connection, otherwise maintain the original series-parallel state, when the real-time speed of the motor is lower than the motor speed value N1, and the The two battery modules are currently in the series connection state, automatically generating a switching instruction for switching the current series
  • the passive receiving mode the communication port of the control circuit unit in the technical solution of the second aspect receives the serial-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules sent by the motor controller through the communication bus;
  • the two battery modules of the electric propulsion system are configured to be connected in series or in parallel, so that the motor controller of the electric propulsion system can select Supporting capacitor voltage in series state or parallel state supporting capacitor voltage, thereby reducing the loss of the electric propulsion system, and at the same time realizing that the electric propulsion system has no power when the two battery modules are switched between series and parallel.
  • the series state support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the series connection state through the closed main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, the The steady-state voltage value of the positive power supply line and the negative power supply line on the fourth capacitor, the parallel state support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the parallel connection state through the closed Steady-state voltage values of the main positive relay, the main negative relay, the fuse, the positive power line and the negative power line on the fourth capacitor.
  • the circuit of the technical solution in the first aspect provides a freewheeling circuit of the self-inductive positive current on the positive and negative pole lines of the power supply, which eliminates the overshoot voltage borne by both ends of each switch at the moment the switch is turned off and the arc flashover and Corrosion;
  • the application of semiconductor non-contact switch greatly reduces the time from receiving the closing or opening command to completing the closing or opening action, which provides a device basis for the uninterrupted power output of the battery pack;
  • the circuit cleverly utilizes the power supply
  • the self-inductance, diode and semiconductor non-contact switch on the positive and negative lines provide the hardware basis of the step-down circuit, provide a hardware basis for eliminating the impact of large currents, and further provide a hardware basis for the uninterrupted power output of the battery pack;
  • the electric propulsion system of the technical solution in the second aspect provides the hardware system basis for no power output interruption when the battery modules are switched between series and parallel, so that the electric propulsion system has low loss performance and uninterrupted power propulsion performance;
  • the vehicle in the technical solution of the third aspect overcomes the problem of power interruption caused by the series-parallel switching of two battery packs during acceleration from low speed to high speed, so the vehicle has better power acceleration performance and driving experience; at the same time, the vehicle It can work on two voltage platforms corresponding to the two speed areas during driving in the low-speed area and high-speed area, so that the power consumption of the whole vehicle is lower. And the above-mentioned beneficial effects can not only be harvested in vehicles with an 800V voltage platform composed of two 400V voltage platform batteries connected in series, but also can be obtained in a vehicle with a 400V voltage platform composed of two 200V voltage platform batteries connected in series.
  • the fourth aspect of the technical solution provides a method for reducing the voltage difference when switching between series and parallel connections, which solves the problem of current impact caused by large voltage differences, and makes switching devices and battery modules safer, more reliable, and longer in service life. It reduces the electromagnetic interference release of the switch circuit; and also provides a low-cost battery pack output continuous adjustable voltage solution;
  • the method of the technical solution in the fifth aspect provides a simple autonomous series-parallel switching mechanism and a method for reducing the loss of the electric drive system in which the electric propulsion system can work on two voltage platforms, which simplifies the motor controller or the electric propulsion system.
  • the control makes the series-parallel switching circuit easier to use and easier to integrate into the existing battery pack power supply circuit.
  • Fig. 1 is an exemplary series-parallel switching main circuit and an exemplary electric propulsion system to which it belongs;
  • Fig. 2 is several examples in which the switch includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor or a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors connected in series or in parallel;
  • Fig. 3 is several examples in which the switch comprises one IGBT or a plurality of IGBTs connected in series or in parallel;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic appearance diagram of an embodiment embodied in the form of a power module of a series-parallel switching main circuit
  • Fig. 5 is an exemplary series-parallel switching main circuit including absorbing capacitors and an exemplary electric propulsion system to which it belongs;
  • Fig. 6 is an exemplary diagram embodying the connection relationship between the series-parallel switching main circuit and the control circuit unit and the exemplary electric propulsion system to which it belongs;
  • FIG. 7 is an exemplary electric propulsion system including a third inductor
  • Fig. 8 is an exemplary main circuit in which three switches all adopt NMOS field-effect transistors and an exemplary electric propulsion system thereof;
  • Fig. 9 is an explanatory diagram of autonomously and intelligently generating a series-parallel switching instruction according to the speed hysteresis comparison rule.
  • the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are the implementation form of silicon-based N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor single-transistor reverse series connection, the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 It is the realization form of single-transistor reverse series connection of silicon carbide-based N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Both the first capacitor unit and the second capacitor unit are implemented as a capacitor.
  • the control terminals of the two gate drivers of each switch are respectively electrically coupled to the control circuit unit 200 , the first battery positive terminal 131 , the first battery negative terminal 132 , the second battery positive terminal 133 and the second battery negative terminal 134 They are respectively electrically coupled to the control circuit unit 200, and are input to the control circuit unit 200 through the above four ports.
  • the control circuit unit 200 can realize the sampling and monitoring functions of each battery voltage and the switching state sampling and monitoring functions of the three switches.
  • the first current detection The output port of the device 404 is electrically coupled to the control circuit unit 200 , and the communication port of the control circuit unit 200 is electrically coupled to the communication bus.
  • the power supply output of the battery pack is electrically coupled to the positive side of the DC bus support capacitor 601 of the motor controller 600 via the main positive relay 401 , the main negative relay 402 , the fuse 403 , the first inductor 501 and the second inductor 502 . negative electrode.
  • the motor controller 600 inverts the DC power on the DC bus support capacitor 601 into multi-phase AC power and outputs it to the motor 700 .
  • Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of an electric propulsion system, including a main circuit 100, a control circuit unit 200, a first battery module 301, a second battery module 302 and a power supply output circuit, a motor controller 600, and a motor 700 and communication bus.
  • the methods include:
  • the drive system operates in the non-energy feedback state, and the non-energy feedback state is when the positive power line 501 has a positive current direction or when the positive power line 501 has zero current, the positive power line 501 positive current direction is the discharge current of the two battery modules From the positive port 131 of the first battery to the motor controller 600, the zero current of the positive power line 501 means that the current on the positive power line 501 is zero, and the switching process is from the start moment of the series-parallel switching of the circuit to the completion of the switching The time period of the end moment of ;
  • the first step is to block the first switch 101 and the second switch 102;
  • the second step is to confirm that the switch state sampling monitoring of the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 is a blocking state, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is a blocking state;
  • the third step is to use step-down pulse width modulation method to increase the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601 to the supporting capacitor voltage in series state.
  • the step-down pulse width modulation method is to use semiconductor non-contact switch 103, diode 104, and 501, the second inductance 502 and the fourth capacitor 601 form the step-down circuit, and then control the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 to work alternately in the conduction and blocking states through the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103, and gradually rise from zero to High conduction pulse width duty cycle until the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601 is raised to the voltage of the supporting capacitor in the series state, and the voltage of the supporting capacitor in the series state is the output current of the two battery modules in the state of series connection.
  • the main positive relay 401 and the main negative relay 402, 403 fuses, the positive power supply line 501 and the negative power supply line 502 are on the steady-state voltage value of the fourth capacitor 601;
  • the fourth step is to stop the alternate operation of conduction and blocking of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 and control the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 to always work in the conduction state;
  • the sequence and method of switching the two battery modules from series connection to parallel connection include two subdivision methods when the positive power line 501 is in the positive current direction and when the positive power line 501 has zero current:
  • step-down pulse width modulation method 2 to slow down the speed of voltage reduction of the fourth capacitor 601, and gradually reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601 toward the parallel state to support the capacitor voltage.
  • the step-down pulse width modulation method 2 is to use semiconductor
  • the step-down circuit composed of the contactless switch 103, the diode 104, the first inductance 501, the second inductance 502 and the fourth capacitor 601 controls the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 to work alternately through the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103
  • the conduction and blocking states, and gradually reduce the conduction pulse width duty cycle from the maximum conduction pulse width duty cycle, thereby reducing the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601, and the parallel state support capacitor voltage is the voltage of the two battery modules
  • the output current of the group in the parallel connection state passes through the closed main positive relay 401 and the main negative relay 402, the fuse 403, the steady-state voltage value on the fourth capacitor 601 of the positive power supply line 501 and the negative power supply line 502;
  • the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is controlled to be in the blocked state all the time, and the voltage difference of the capacitor battery is the difference between the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601 and the voltage of the high-voltage battery module value, the voltage of the high-voltage battery module is the voltage of the battery module with the highest voltage among the voltage of the first battery module 301 and the voltage of the second battery module 302;
  • the third step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is a blocking state, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are both blocking states;
  • the fourth step is to close the corresponding switch of the high-voltage battery module.
  • the high-voltage battery module is the battery module with the highest voltage among the voltage of the first battery module 301 and the voltage of the second battery module 302.
  • the corresponding switch is A switch that needs to be closed for power supply output of the battery module, the corresponding switch of the first battery module 301 is the second switch 102, and the corresponding switch of the second battery module 302 is the first switch 101;
  • the fifth step is to close the corresponding switch of the low-voltage battery module when the voltage difference between the first and second batteries reaches the preset range, and the voltage difference between the first and second batteries is the voltage of the first battery module 301
  • the difference between the voltage of the second battery module 302 and the low-voltage battery module is the battery module with the lowest voltage among the voltage of the first battery module 301 and the voltage of the second battery module 302;
  • the first step is to control the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 to be in an always-off state
  • the bus capacitor active discharge technology is used to reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601 until the voltage difference between the capacitor and the battery reaches a preset range.
  • the turning on and off of the device converts the energy stored in the fourth capacitor 601 into heat energy or heat energy of the motor winding when the power device is turned on and off, so as to reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601;
  • the third step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is a blocking state, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are both blocking states;
  • the fourth step is to close the corresponding switch of the high-voltage battery module
  • Step 5 When the current of the positive power supply line 501 is in the positive direction, the voltage of the high-voltage battery module drops, and when the voltage difference between the first and second batteries reaches a preset range, the low-voltage battery module is closed again. The corresponding switch of the battery module.
  • the methods include:
  • the series-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules is generated by the control circuit unit 200 in the electric propulsion system shown in FIG. 8 in an autonomous intelligent mode or by the control circuit unit 200 in the electric propulsion system shown in FIG. 8 in a passive receiving mode.
  • the autonomous intelligent mode taking the real-time rotational speed of the motor 700 and the series-parallel connection state of the two battery modules as input conditions, the series-parallel switching command is autonomously and intelligently generated according to the rotational speed hysteresis comparison rule, and the real-time rotational speed of the motor 600 is as shown in Fig.
  • the communication port of the control circuit unit 200 in the electric propulsion system shown in 8 receives the actual current speed of the motor 700 in real time, and the series-parallel connection state of the two battery modules includes a series state, a parallel state and a state in the process of switching. As shown in FIG.
  • the speed hysteresis comparison rule includes: firstly, based on the principle of optimizing the loss of the electric drive system, two motor 700 speed values N1 and speed values N2 are preset, and the motor 700 speed value N1 and the motor speed value N2 can be dynamically calculated and updated according to the series-parallel connection state of the two battery modules and the real-time voltage of the fourth capacitor 601, or the fixed motor speed value N1 and the fixed motor speed value N1 can be preset according to the series-parallel connection state of the two battery modules.
  • the motor speed value N2 the motor speed value N1 is always smaller than the motor speed value N2; then, when the real-time speed of the motor 700 exceeds the motor 700 speed value N2, and the two battery modules are currently in the parallel state, then automatically generate a switching instruction to switch the current parallel connection state of the two battery modules to a series connection, otherwise maintain the original series-parallel state, when the real-time speed of the motor 700 is lower than the speed value N1 of the motor 700, and the two battery modules If two battery modules are currently in the series connection state, a switching instruction for switching the current series connection state of the two battery modules to parallel connection is automatically generated, otherwise the original series-parallel state is maintained;
  • the passive receiving mode the communication port of the control circuit unit 200 in FIG. 8 receives the series-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules sent by the motor controller 600 through the communication bus shown;
  • the two battery modules of the electric propulsion system are configured to be connected in series or in parallel, so that the motor controller 600 of the electric propulsion system can select
  • the ground works in a series state to support the capacitor voltage or a parallel state to support the capacitor voltage, thereby reducing the loss of the electric propulsion system, and at the same time realizing that the electric propulsion system has no power output when the two battery modules are switched between series and parallel.
  • the series state support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the series connection state through the closed main positive relay 401 and main negative relay 402, fuse 403, positive power supply line 501 and negative pole
  • the steady-state voltage value of the power line 502 on the fourth capacitor 601 is the output current of the two battery modules in the parallel connection state via the closed main positive relay 401 and main negative relay 402 , the steady-state voltage values of the fuse 403 , the positive power line 501 and the negative power line 502 on the fourth capacitor 601 .
  • the series-parallel switching main circuit 100 shown in Fig. 1 is the basis of the present invention, and the main circuit 100 includes:
  • the first battery positive terminal 131 which is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the first battery module 301;
  • the first battery negative terminal 132 which is electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the first battery module 301;
  • the second battery positive terminal 133 which is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the second battery module 302;
  • the second battery negative terminal 134 which is electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the second battery module 302;
  • the first switch 101 has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the first switch 101 and the second terminal of the first switch 101 are electrically coupled to the positive port 131 of the first battery and the second terminal of the first battery. Between the positive terminals 133 of the two batteries, the control terminal of the first switch 101 can configure the first switch 101 to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state;
  • the second switch 102 has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the second switch 102 and the second terminal of the second switch 102 are electrically coupled to the second battery negative terminal 134 and the second terminal of the second battery. Between a battery negative terminal 132, the control terminal of the second switch 102 can configure the second switch 102 to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state;
  • Diode 104 which is electrically coupled between the positive port 131 of the first battery and the negative port 134 of the second battery, the cathode of the diode 104 is electrically coupled to the positive port 131 of the first battery, and the anode of the diode 104 is electrically coupled to the second battery negative terminal 134;
  • the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 and the second terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 are electrically coupled to the first Between the battery negative port 132 and the second battery positive port 133, the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 includes a transistor or a plurality of transistors connected in series or in parallel, and the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 can configure the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 as Bidirectional current conducting state or bidirectional current blocking state.
  • the transistors include Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor MOSFET, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor IGBT and High Electron Mobility Transistor HEMT.
  • the type of the first switch 101 or the second switch 102 includes a contact switch and a non-contact switch.
  • the contact switch usually includes a relay and a contactor, and the non-contact switch includes a fully controlled power device made of semiconductor materials. It includes transistors and thyristors.
  • the basic functions of the three switches in the main circuit 100 are as follows. When both the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are closed and the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is blocked, the first battery module 301 and the second battery module 302 are Parallel connection; when both the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are turned off and the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is turned on, the first battery module 301 and the second battery module 302 are connected in series; when only the first switch 101 When closed, only the positive and negative poles of the second battery module 302 are electrically coupled to the positive terminal 131 of the first battery and the negative terminal 134 of the second battery, and these two terminals are connected in series and parallel for power supply.
  • the positive and negative poles of the output that is, when only the first switch 101 is closed, only the second battery module 302 supplies power output; when only the second switch 102 is closed, only the positive and negative poles of the first battery module 301 are electrically Coupled to the first battery positive terminal 131 and the second battery negative terminal 134, so only the first battery module 301 supplies power output;
  • the power supply output of two battery modules connected in series and parallel is electrically coupled to the motor control via the main positive relay 401, the main negative relay 402, the fuse 403, the positive power line self-inductance 501 and the negative power line self-inductance 502
  • the positive and negative poles of the DC bus support capacitor 601 of the device 600 The motor controller 600 inverts the DC power on the DC bus support capacitor 601 into multi-phase AC power and outputs it to the motor 700 .
  • the diode 104, the semiconductor non-contact switch 103, the positive power line self-inductance 501, the negative power line self-inductance 502, and the DC bus support capacitor 601 form a deformed BUCK step-down circuit, and the step-down circuit can
  • the series voltage after the two battery modules are connected in series obtains a voltage value lower than the series voltage on the DC bus support capacitor 601 through the step-down circuit.
  • the diode 104 and the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 play a key role.
  • the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 When the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are both in the off state, after the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is turned on, the two battery modules form a series connection and pass through the self-inductance 501 of the positive power line and the self-inductance 502 of the negative power line. Charging the DC bus support capacitor 601, after a period of on-time, the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is controlled to be blocked, the positive power line self-inductance 501 current and the negative power line self-inductance 502 current flow through the diode 104 and the stored The energy is released to the DC bus support capacitor 601 . In this way, the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 works alternately at high frequency in the conducting and blocking states until the DC bus support capacitor 601 reaches the pre-controlled voltage value.
  • the self-inductance 501 of the positive power line and the self-inductance 502 of the negative power line are the self-inductance of the power supply line of the battery pack, so the inductance value is relatively small. 103 needs to work at a higher switching frequency to meet this requirement.
  • FIG. 2 Several preferred implementation forms of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 include any one of the forms in FIG. 2 .
  • Figure 2a is an N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor MOSFET without a body diode.
  • Figure 2b shows two common N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor MOSFETs with parasitic diodes in reverse series connection.
  • Fig. 2c is another reverse series connection of two common N-channel MOSFET single transistors with parasitic diodes.
  • Figure 2d and Figure 2e are the parallel forms of Figure 2b and Figure 2c respectively, in order to increase the current capacity, a larger current capacity is required to increase the number of parallel connections.
  • the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 can finally configure the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state.
  • each N-channel MOSFET in FIG. 2a to FIG. 2e is a silicon carbide-based N-channel MOSFET.
  • semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is the example shown in Fig. 3a, Fig. 3b, Fig. 3c and Fig. 3d. It can be realized in the form of reverse series connection or parallel connection after series connection of single tubes.
  • first switch 101 and the second switch 102 may also be any implementation form shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 .
  • the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 preferably adopt non-contact transistors as the realization form, then the conduction and blocking speeds of the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are greatly improved, and then the series-parallel switching process will be faster, switching The power output of the process is less likely to be interrupted.
  • FIG. 4 shows a preferred implementation form of the main circuit 100.
  • the main circuit 100 is implemented by a power module, and the power module includes:
  • a plurality of power terminals including the first battery positive port 131 terminal, the first battery negative port 132 terminal, the second battery positive port 133 terminal and the second battery negative port 134 terminal of the main circuit 100;
  • Bare chip group which is integrated inside the power module, the plurality of bare chip groups include the first switch 101 bare chip group of the main circuit 100, the second switch 102 bare chip group, the diode 104 bare chip group and the semiconductor contactless Point switch 103 bare chip group, the multiple bare chip groups are electrically coupled to the multiple power terminals according to the electrical coupling relationship of the main circuit 100, the bare chip group includes one bare chip or a plurality of series or bare die in parallel; and
  • a plurality of gate drive terminals including at least one drive terminal 151 of the first switch 101 , at least one drive terminal 152 of the second switch 102 and at least one drive terminal 153 of the semiconductor contactless switch 103 .
  • the bare chip set of the first switch 101 includes one metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip or a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chips connected in series or in parallel, or the first switch 101 bare chip set includes an insulated gate bipolar A bare transistor die or a plurality of bare die of IGBTs connected in series or in parallel;
  • the second switch 102 bare chip set includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip or a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chips connected in series or in parallel, or the second switch 102 bare chip set includes an insulated gate bipolar A bare transistor die or a plurality of bare die of IGBTs connected in series or in parallel;
  • the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 bare chip group includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip or a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chips connected in series or in parallel, or the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 bare chip group includes an insulating A gate bipolar transistor bare chip or a plurality of series or parallel insulated gate bipolar transistor bare chips, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip at least includes an N-channel silicon carbide-based metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip chip.
  • the power module further includes:
  • a substrate which includes a top metal conductive layer, an insulating layer, and a bottom metal heat transfer layer, the top metal conductive layer is welded to the plurality of bare chip groups;
  • a heat dissipation metal plate 172 which is used to transfer the heat generated by the plurality of bare chip groups to the outside of the power module, and one side of the heat dissipation metal plate 172 is welded to the metal heat transfer layer on the bottom surface of the substrate;
  • the housing 171 is used for fixing or connecting the heat dissipation metal plate 172 , the plurality of power terminals, and the plurality of gate-level drive terminals.
  • the main circuit 100 further includes a first capacitor unit 111 and a second capacitor unit 112 at the circuit level, and the first capacitor unit 111 is electrically coupled to the first battery positive port 131 and Between the first battery negative terminal 132 , the second capacitor 112 is electrically coupled between the second battery positive terminal 133 and the second battery negative terminal 134 , and the capacitor unit includes at least one capacitor.
  • the third capacitor unit 113 is further included.
  • the third capacitor unit 113 is electrically coupled between the first battery negative terminal 132 and the second battery positive terminal 133 .
  • the third capacitor unit 113 includes at least one capacitor.
  • a circuit control unit 200 is also included, and the functions realized by the control circuit unit 200 include:
  • Voltage sampling monitoring which includes the voltage sampling monitoring between the first battery positive port 131 and the first battery negative port 132, the voltage sampling monitoring between the second battery positive port 133 and the second battery negative port 134, the first battery positive port Voltage sampling and monitoring between the port 131 and the second battery negative port 134;
  • Current sampling monitoring which includes current sampling monitoring between the first battery positive port 131 or the second battery negative port 134 and the motor controller 600,
  • Switch state sampling monitoring which includes the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch 101, the switching state sampling monitoring of the second switch 102 and the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103;
  • the configuration of the two battery modules is made as Selecting in series or in parallel, and outputting the corresponding drive output signal to the main circuit 100;
  • control circuit unit 200 includes:
  • Voltage sampling input port 1 which is electrically coupled to the first battery positive terminal 131 and the first battery negative terminal 132;
  • the voltage sampling input port 2 is electrically coupled to the second battery positive port 133 and the second battery negative port 134;
  • the current sampling input port is electrically coupled to the output port of the first current detection device 404, and the first current detection device 404 detects the current between the first battery positive port 131 or the second battery negative port 134 and the motor controller 600 ;as well as
  • a communication port which receives information including the actual current speed of the motor 700 and a series-parallel switching command through an external communication bus, and the process status of the series-parallel switching of the two battery modules and the result status of the switching are passed through the communication port output onto the communication bus.
  • the first battery module 301, the positive pole of the first battery module is electrically coupled to the first battery positive port 131, and the negative pole of the first battery module 301 is electrically coupled to the first battery negative port 132;
  • the second battery module 302 the positive pole of the second battery module 302 is electrically coupled to the second battery positive terminal 133, and the negative pole of the second battery module is electrically coupled to the second battery negative terminal 134;
  • the first inductance 501 includes the self-inductance of the positive power line, and the first inductance 501 is electrically coupled between the positive terminal 131 of the first battery and the positive pole of the DC bus support capacitor 601 of the motor controller 600;
  • the second inductance 502 includes the self-inductance of the negative power line, and the second inductance 502 is electrically coupled between the negative terminal 134 of the second battery and the negative pole of the DC bus support capacitor 601 of the motor controller 600 ;
  • the fourth capacitor 601 is the DC bus support capacitor 601 of the motor controller 600.
  • the motor controller 600 inverts the DC power of the two battery modules into multi-phase AC power to drive the motor.
  • the positive pole of the fourth capacitor 601 passes through
  • the first inductor 501 is electrically coupled to the positive pole of the first battery module 301
  • the negative pole of the fourth capacitor 601 is electrically coupled to the negative pole of the second battery module 302 via the second inductor 502 ;
  • the first current detection device 404 detects the current between the first battery positive terminal 131 or the second battery negative terminal 134 and the motor controller 600 .
  • a further embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, further includes:
  • the third inductor 503 is electrically coupled between the positive terminal of the first battery 131 and the positive electrode of the fourth capacitor 601, and is electrically coupled in series with the first inductor 501, or the third inductor 503 is electrically coupled to the first inductor 503.
  • the negative terminal 134 of the second battery is electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the fourth capacitor 601 and in series with the second inductor 502 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of circuit apparatuses used for power supply to battery packs, and provides a battery series-parallel connection switching main circuit without a power output interruption, and a system and a method. When two battery modules output power to an electric drive system that comprises an electric motor controller and an electric motor, the main circuit and the method can perform series-parallel connection switching without power interruption, thereby solving the problem of power interruption during switching by means of a switching circuit which mainly uses three relays. The main circuit comprises a first battery positive electrode port, a first battery negative electrode port, a second battery positive electrode port, a second battery negative electrode port, a first switch electrically coupled between the first battery positive electrode port and the second battery positive electrode port, a second switch electrically coupled between the second battery negative electrode port and the first battery negative electrode port, a diode electrically coupled between the first battery positive electrode port and the second battery negative electrode port, and a semiconductor contactless switch electrically coupled between the first battery negative electrode port and the second battery positive electrode port.

Description

无功率输出中断的电池串并联切换主电路及系统、方法Battery series-parallel switching main circuit, system and method without power output interruption 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及用于电池组供电的电路装置,特别是涉及一种无功率输出中断的电池串并联切换的电路和方法以及使用该电路或方法的电池组、电推进系统及车辆。 The invention relates to a circuit device for battery pack power supply, in particular to a circuit and method for battery series-parallel switching without interruption of power output, and a battery pack, an electric propulsion system and a vehicle using the circuit or method.
背景技术Background technique
电动汽车为了实现快充功能,就需要更大的充电功率,但更大的充电功率受限于400V电压平台的最大充电电流而不能满足快充时间的需求,所以800V电压平台的电动汽车应运而生并且满足了快充的需求。但因800V快充基础充电设施建设的滞后,造成覆盖网点还不能满足需求,所以800V电压平台的电动汽车在无800V电压平台快充桩时需要400V电压平台的充电桩也要能对其充电。因此搭载两个400V电压平台电池模组的电动汽车通过两个电池模组串并联的方式灵活配置该车为400V或800V电压平台以适配800V快充及上述400V电压平台充电桩充电的需求。800V电压平台固定电池电压输出的电池用400V电压平台的充电桩还需车载一个400V转800V的升压直流变换器,而上述两个电池模组串并联的方案则无需该升压直流变换器,故该电池模组串并联方案有较大的成本竞争优势。In order to realize the fast charging function, electric vehicles need greater charging power, but the greater charging power is limited by the maximum charging current of the 400V voltage platform and cannot meet the needs of fast charging time, so electric vehicles with 800V voltage platform came into being. and meet the needs of fast charging. However, due to the lag in the construction of 800V fast charging basic charging facilities, the coverage network cannot meet the demand. Therefore, electric vehicles with 800V voltage platform need charging piles with 400V voltage platform to be able to charge them when there is no fast charging pile with 800V voltage platform. Therefore, an electric vehicle equipped with two 400V voltage platform battery modules can be flexibly configured as a 400V or 800V voltage platform by connecting the two battery modules in series and parallel to meet the needs of 800V fast charging and the above-mentioned 400V voltage platform charging pile charging. The 400V voltage platform charging pile for the battery with a fixed battery voltage output on the 800V voltage platform also needs a 400V to 800V step-up DC converter on board, while the above-mentioned two battery module series-parallel connection scheme does not need the step-up DC converter. Therefore, the series-parallel connection scheme of battery modules has a relatively large cost competitive advantage.
电动汽车电池组的主要负载是包括电机控制器和电机的电驱动系统,为降低该电驱动系统的损耗,一种比较理想的电池供电方式是当电机工作在不同转速区域时配以不同的电池电压的输出。通常电机低速区域运转时需要更低的电池电压,高速区域运转时需要更高的电池电压,所以用两个400V电压平台的电池模组通过串并联切换实现的800V电压平台的电动汽车就有了在驱车行进中电池组输出电压改变的需求,低速区域时两个电池模组并联输出400V电压平台电压,加速到高速区域时两个电池模组通过串并联切换电路将两个电池模组切换成串联连接输出800V电压平台电压。The main load of the electric vehicle battery pack is the electric drive system including the motor controller and the motor. In order to reduce the loss of the electric drive system, an ideal battery power supply method is to use different batteries when the motor works in different speed ranges. voltage output. Generally, a lower battery voltage is required when the motor operates in a low-speed area, and a higher battery voltage is required when operating in a high-speed area. Therefore, an electric vehicle with an 800V voltage platform realized by using two 400V voltage platform battery modules through series-parallel switching is available. The output voltage of the battery pack needs to change during driving. In the low-speed area, the two battery modules are connected in parallel to output a 400V voltage platform voltage. When accelerating to the high-speed area, the two battery modules switch the two battery modules into a Connect in series to output 800V voltage platform voltage.
技术问题technical problem
现有串并联切换电路的技术方案是以三个继电器作为串并联切换开关来实现切换主电路,并且主要目的是为了解决400V电压平台充电桩对800V电压平台电池充电的问题,还少有将串并联切换电路在驱车行进时应用的案例。要满足该应用的需求,需要解决在驱车行进时两个电池模组的串并联切换操作不能中断电池组输出至电驱动系统的功率。现有的三继电器主电路技术方案有如下问题。一、并联连接状态切换到串联连接过程中,当支持并联连接的开关断开后,电池与电机控制器间的电源正负极线上的自感电流无续流回路,导致断开瞬间各开关两端产生较高的过冲电压,容易造成触点间电弧闪络灼蚀或半导体无触点开关的过压击穿;二、继电器从接受到闭合指令信号到触点闭合需要时间较长,在支持并联连接的开关断开后导致支持串联的开关需要较长时间才能完成触点的闭合,若此时电动汽车正处于由低速到最高速的加速工况,即对应为电机由低速到高速的带载加速阶段,在支持并联连接的开关断开后到支持串联连接的开关闭合前的这段时间内电池组功率的输出是中断的,该期间电机控制器的直流母线支撑电容电压迅速跌落到欠压状态,并造成无功率输出至电机控制器,进而电驱动系统或整车加速时动力中断,这对整车动力性能及驾乘感受都带来极大的负面影响;三、现有的三继电器主电路技术方案不能解决在电池组向电机控制器输出驱动功率时由并联切换到串联过程中有大电流冲击的问题。当支持串联连接的开关闭合时,由于上述直流母线支撑电容电压和串联连接的电池组电压之间存在巨大电压差,一旦强行闭合支持串联连接的开关,将在电池组到上述直流母线支撑电容之间的回路中产生大的冲击电流,在支持串联连接的开关闭合瞬间尤其对继电器的两个接触触点产生接触区局部高热甚至电弧闪络灼蚀,极大影响了触点接触的可靠性及寿命,同时过大的冲击电流对上述直流母线支撑电容及电池都有不利的影响,并且高的电流变化率或电弧会对周边电路产生电磁干扰。The technical solution of the existing series-parallel switching circuit is to use three relays as series-parallel switching switches to switch the main circuit, and the main purpose is to solve the problem of charging the 800V voltage platform battery by the charging pile of the 400V voltage platform. A case where a parallel switching circuit is applied when driving a car. To meet the requirements of this application, it is necessary to solve the problem that the series-parallel switching operation of the two battery modules cannot interrupt the power output from the battery pack to the electric drive system when driving. The existing three-relay main circuit technical scheme has the following problems. 1. In the process of switching from the parallel connection state to the series connection, when the switch supporting the parallel connection is disconnected, the self-inductance current on the positive and negative pole lines of the power supply between the battery and the motor controller has no freewheeling circuit, resulting in the disconnection of each switch at the moment of disconnection. A high overshoot voltage is generated at both ends, which is likely to cause arc flashover and erosion between contacts or overvoltage breakdown of semiconductor non-contact switches; 2. It takes a long time for the relay to receive the closing instruction signal to contact closing. After the switch that supports parallel connection is disconnected, it takes a long time for the switch that supports series connection to complete the contact closure. If the electric vehicle is in the acceleration condition from low speed to highest speed at this time, it corresponds to the motor from low speed to high speed. In the load acceleration phase of the load acceleration stage, the power output of the battery pack is interrupted during the period after the switch that supports parallel connection is turned off and before the switch that supports series connection is closed. During this period, the voltage of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller drops rapidly. It will cause no power output to the motor controller, and then the power of the electric drive system or the vehicle will be interrupted when accelerating, which will have a great negative impact on the vehicle's power performance and driving experience; 3. Existing The technical scheme of the three-relay main circuit cannot solve the problem of large current impact in the process of switching from parallel connection to series connection when the battery pack outputs drive power to the motor controller. When the switch supporting series connection is closed, since there is a huge voltage difference between the above-mentioned DC bus support capacitor voltage and the voltage of the series-connected battery pack, once the switch supporting series connection is forcibly closed, there will be a gap between the battery pack and the above-mentioned DC bus support capacitor. A large inrush current is generated in the circuit between them. When the switch that supports series connection is closed, it will cause local high heat in the contact area or even arc flashover and erosion on the two contact contacts of the relay, which greatly affects the reliability and reliability of contact contact. At the same time, excessive inrush current has an adverse effect on the above-mentioned DC bus support capacitors and batteries, and high current change rates or arcs will cause electromagnetic interference to peripheral circuits.
技术解决方案technical solution
为解决上述问题,本发明从五个方面提出了技术方案,包括:In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes technical solutions from five aspects, including:
第一方面技术方案,提出了一种电路,该电路的核心为两个电池模组串并联切换主电路,该电路还包括控制电路单元以及电池组到电机控制器之间的供电电路。所述电路体现在下面的技术方案1至技术方案3。The technical solution of the first aspect proposes a circuit, the core of which is a main circuit for switching between series and parallel of two battery modules, and the circuit also includes a control circuit unit and a power supply circuit between the battery pack and the motor controller. The circuit is embodied in technical solutions 1 to 3 below.
技术方案1. 一种电路,包括:Technical solution 1. A circuit, comprising:
主电路,其用于两个电池模组串并联切换,所述两个电池模组包括第一电池模组和第二电池模组,每个所述电池模组各有一个正极和一个负极,所述两个电池模组可由所述主电路配置为串联连接或并联连接,所述两个电池模组串联或并联后的正极和负极经由主正继电器、主负继电器、熔断器、正极电源线以及负极电源线电性耦接至包括电机控制器和电机的电驱动系统进行能量传递,所述主电路包括:The main circuit is used for series-parallel switching of two battery modules, the two battery modules include a first battery module and a second battery module, and each of the battery modules has a positive pole and a negative pole, The two battery modules can be configured to be connected in series or in parallel by the main circuit, and the positive and negative poles of the two battery modules connected in series or in parallel are connected through the main positive relay, the main negative relay, the fuse, and the positive power line. And the negative power supply line is electrically coupled to an electric drive system including a motor controller and a motor for energy transfer, and the main circuit includes:
第一电池正极端口,其电性耦接至所述第一电池模组的正极;a positive terminal of the first battery, which is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the first battery module;
第一电池负极端口,其电性耦接至所述第一电池模组的负极;a first battery negative terminal electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the first battery module;
第二电池正极端口,其电性耦接至所述第二电池模组的正极;a second battery positive terminal electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the second battery module;
第二电池负极端口,其电性耦接至所述第二电池模组的负极;a second battery negative terminal electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the second battery module;
第一开关,其具有第一端、第二端和至少一个控制端,所述第一开关的第一端和所述第一开关的第二端电性耦接于所述第一电池正极端口与所述第二电池正极端口之间,所述第一开关的控制端可配置所述第一开关为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态;以及A first switch, which has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the first switch and the second terminal of the first switch are electrically coupled to the positive port of the first battery Between the positive terminal of the second battery, the control terminal of the first switch can configure the first switch to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state; and
第二开关,其具有第一端、第二端和至少一个控制端,所述第二开关的第一端和所述第二开关的第二端电性耦接于所述第二电池负极端口与所述第一电池负极端口之间,所述第二开关的控制端可配置所述第二开关为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态;A second switch, which has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the second switch and the second terminal of the second switch are electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the second battery Between the negative terminal of the first battery, the control terminal of the second switch can configure the second switch to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state;
其中,所述主电路还包括:Wherein, the main circuit also includes:
二极管,其电性耦接于所述第一电池正极端口与所述第二电池负极端口之间,所述二极管阴极电性耦接至所述第一电池正极端口,所述二极管阳极电性耦接至所述第二电池负极端口;和a diode, which is electrically coupled between the positive port of the first battery and the negative port of the second battery, the cathode of the diode is electrically coupled to the positive port of the first battery, and the anode of the diode is electrically coupled connected to the negative terminal of the second battery; and
半导体无触点开关,其具有第一端、第二端和至少一个控制端,所述半导体无触点开关的第一端和所述半导体无触点开关的第二端电性耦接于所述第一电池负极端口与所述第二电池正极端口之间,所述半导体无触点开关包括一个晶体管或多个串联或并联的晶体管,所述半导体无触点开关的控制端可配置所述半导体无触点开关为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态。A semiconductor non-contact switch, which has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch and the second terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch are electrically coupled to the Between the negative terminal of the first battery and the positive terminal of the second battery, the semiconductor non-contact switch includes a transistor or a plurality of transistors connected in series or in parallel, and the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch can be configured with the The semiconductor non-contact switch is in a bidirectional current conduction state or a bidirectional current blocking state.
技术方案2. 根据技术方案1所述的电路,其中,进一步包括控制电路单元,所述控制电路单元所实现的功能包括:Technical solution 2. The circuit according to technical solution 1, wherein, further comprising a control circuit unit, the functions realized by the control circuit unit include:
提供所述主电路所需的驱动输出;providing the drive output required by the main circuit;
电压采样监测,其包括所述第一电池正极端口与所述第一电池负极端口之间的电压采样监测、所述第二电池正极端口与所述第二电池负极端口之间的电压采样监测、所述第一电池正极端口与所述第二电池负极端口之间的电压采样监测;Voltage sampling monitoring, which includes voltage sampling monitoring between the first battery positive port and the first battery negative port, voltage sampling monitoring between the second battery positive port and the second battery negative port, Sampling and monitoring the voltage between the positive terminal of the first battery and the negative terminal of the second battery;
电流采样监测,其包括所述第一电池正极端口或者所述第二电池负极端口与所述电机控制器之间的电流采样监测,current sampling monitoring, which includes current sampling monitoring between the positive port of the first battery or the negative port of the second battery and the motor controller,
开关状态采样监测,其包括所述第一开关的开关状态采样监测、所述第二开关的开关状态采样监测以及所述半导体无触点开关的开关状态采样监测;以及Switch state sampling monitoring, which includes switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch, switching state sampling monitoring of the second switch, and switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch; and
接收包括所述电机的实际当前转速和串并联切换指令的信息,并且基于所述电压采样监测的各电压值和所述开关状态采样监测的各开关状态,做出所述两个电池模组配置为串联或并联的选择,并输出对应的所述驱动输出信号到所述主电路;receiving information including the actual current speed of the motor and a series-parallel switching instruction, and making configurations of the two battery modules based on the voltage values monitored by the voltage sampling and the switch states monitored by the switch state sampling For the selection of series or parallel connection, and output the corresponding driving output signal to the main circuit;
所述控制电路单元包括:The control circuit unit includes:
驱动输出端口1,其电性耦接至所述第一开关的所述控制端;drive output port 1, which is electrically coupled to the control end of the first switch;
驱动输出端口2,其电性耦接至所述第二开关的所述控制端;drive output port 2, which is electrically coupled to the control end of the second switch;
驱动输出端口3,其电性耦接至所述半导体无触点开关的所述控制端;drive output port 3, which is electrically coupled to the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch;
电压采样输入端口1,其电性耦接至所述第一电池正极端口和所述第一电池负极端口;a voltage sampling input port 1, which is electrically coupled to the positive port of the first battery and the negative port of the first battery;
电压采样输入端口2,其电性耦接至所述第二电池正极端口和所述第二电池负极端口;a voltage sampling input port 2, which is electrically coupled to the positive port of the second battery and the negative port of the second battery;
电流采样输入端口,其电性耦接至电流检测装置的输出端口,所述电流检测装置检测所述第一电池正极端口或者所述第二电池负极端口与所述电机控制器之间的电流;以及The current sampling input port is electrically coupled to the output port of the current detection device, and the current detection device detects the current between the first battery positive port or the second battery negative port and the motor controller; as well as
通讯端口,其通过外部的通信总线接收包括所述电机的实际当前转速和串并联切换指令的信息,并且所述两个电池模组串并联切换的过程状态及切换完成的结果状态经由所述通讯端口输出到所述通信总线上。A communication port, which receives information including the actual current speed of the motor and a series-parallel switching command through an external communication bus, and the process status of the series-parallel switching of the two battery modules and the result status of the switching completion are passed through the communication port. port output onto the communication bus.
技术方案3. 根据技术方案2所述电路,其中进一步包括:Technical scheme 3. The circuit according to technical scheme 2, which further comprises:
第一电池模组,其为所述第一电池模组, 所述第一电池模组的正极电性耦接至所述第一电池正极端口, 所述第一电池模组的负极电性耦接至所述第一电池负极端口;a first battery module, which is the first battery module, The positive pole of the first battery module is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the first battery, and the negative pole of the first battery module is electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the first battery;
第二电池模组,其为所述第二电池模组, 所述第二电池模组的正极电性耦接至所述第二电池正极端口, 所述第二电池模组的负极电性耦接至所述第二电池负极端口;a second battery module, which is the second battery module, The positive pole of the second battery module is electrically coupled to the positive port of the second battery, and the negative pole of the second battery module is electrically coupled to the negative port of the second battery;
第一电感,其包括所述正极电源线的自感,所述第一电感电性耦接于所述第一电池正极端口与所述电机控制器的直流母线支撑电容的正极之间;a first inductance, which includes the self-inductance of the positive power supply line, and the first inductance is electrically coupled between the positive terminal of the first battery and the positive pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller;
第二电感,其包括所述负极电源线的自感,所述第二电感电性耦接于所述第二电池负极端口与所述电机控制器的所述直流母线支撑电容的负极之间;a second inductance, which includes the self-inductance of the negative power supply line, the second inductance is electrically coupled between the negative terminal of the second battery and the negative pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller;
第四电容,其为所述电机控制器的所述直流母线支撑电容,所述电机控制器将所述两个电池模组的直流电逆变为多相交流电驱动所述电机,所述第四电容的正极经由所述第一电感电性耦接至所述第一电池模组的正极,所述第四电容的负极经由所述第二电感电性耦接至所述第二电池模组的负极;以及The fourth capacitor is the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller. The motor controller inverts the DC power of the two battery modules into multi-phase AC power to drive the motor. The fourth capacitor The positive pole of the fourth capacitor is electrically coupled to the positive pole of the first battery module via the first inductor, and the negative pole of the fourth capacitor is electrically coupled to the negative pole of the second battery module via the second inductor. ;as well as
第一电流检测装置,所述第一电流检测装置检测所述第一电池正极端口或者所述第二电池负极端口与所述电机控制器之间的电流。A first current detection device, the first current detection device detects the current between the positive terminal of the first battery or the negative terminal of the second battery and the motor controller.
第二方面技术方案,提出了一种电力推进系统,包括:The second technical solution proposes an electric propulsion system, including:
第一方面技术方案的所述电路;The circuit of the technical solution of the first aspect;
电机,其被配置为向其机械负载施加扭矩;an electric motor configured to apply torque to its mechanical load;
电机控制器,其连接到所述电机,所述电机控制器的直流母线支撑电容正极电性耦接至所述第一电池正极端口,所述电机控制器的直流母线支撑电容负极电性耦接至所述第二电池负极端口;A motor controller, which is connected to the motor, the positive pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the first battery, and the negative pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller is electrically coupled to to the negative terminal of the second battery;
通信总线,所述电机控制器和第一方面技术方案的所述电路通过所述通信总线连接进行信息交互。A communication bus, the motor controller and the circuit of the technical solution of the first aspect are connected through the communication bus to perform information exchange.
第三方面技术方案,提出了包括第二方面技术方案所述的电力推进系统的一种车辆,所述电力推进系统的电机控制器的并联状态支撑电容电压和串联状态支撑电容电压为第一关联配置或第二关联配置;所述并联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在并联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的所述主正继电器和所述主负继电器、所述熔断器、所述正极电源线及所述负极电源线在所述第四电容上的稳态电压值;所述串联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在串联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的所述主正继电器和所述主负继电器、所述熔断器、所述正极电源线及所述负极电源线在所述第四电容上的稳态电压值;The technical solution of the third aspect proposes a vehicle including the electric propulsion system described in the technical solution of the second aspect, the voltage of the supporting capacitor in the parallel state and the voltage of the supporting capacitor in the series state of the motor controller of the electric propulsion system are the first correlation configuration or the second associated configuration; the parallel state support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the parallel connection state via the closed main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, The steady-state voltage value of the positive power supply line and the negative power supply line on the fourth capacitor; the series support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the series connection state through the closed The steady-state voltage values of the main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, the positive power line and the negative power line on the fourth capacitor;
所述第一关联配置为所述电机控制器的并联状态支撑电容电压为至少250V至450V,并且所述电机控制器的串联状态支撑电容电压为至少500V至900V;The first association configuration is that the parallel state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller is at least 250V to 450V, and the series state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller is at least 500V to 900V;
所述第二关联配置为所述电机控制器的并联状态支撑电容电压为至少125V至225V,并且所述电机控制器的串联状态支撑电容电压为至少250V至450V。The second association configuration is that the parallel state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller is at least 125V to 225V, and the series state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller is at least 250V to 450V.
第四方面技术方案,提出了一种操作第一方面技术方案所述的电路的方法,所述方法实现的功能包括当所述电驱动系统工作在所述电机输出正机械功率状态时通过所述方法可实现所述两个电池模组串并联切换时所述电机输出正机械功率不中断,所述电机输出正机械功率状态的表现为所述正极电源线上的电流方向是从所述第一电池正极端口流向所述电机控制器,所述方法包括:The technical solution of the fourth aspect proposes a method for operating the circuit described in the technical solution of the first aspect, and the functions realized by the method include passing the The method can realize that the positive mechanical power output of the motor is not interrupted when the two battery modules are switched in series and parallel, and the state of the positive mechanical power output of the motor is manifested by the fact that the current direction on the positive power supply line is from the first the battery positive terminal flows to the motor controller, the method comprising:
操作所述电路将所述两个电池模组由并联连接切换为串联连接或由串联连接切换为并联连接的整个过程及开始时刻选择在非能量回馈状态,并且在切换过程中需控制所述电驱动系统工作在非能量回馈状态,所述非能量回馈状态为所述正极电源线正电流方向时或所述正极电源线零电流时,所述正极电源线正电流方向为所述两个电池模组放电电流由所述第一电池正极端口流向电机控制器,所述正极电源线零电流为所述正极电源线上电流为零,所述切换过程为所述电路串并联切换的所述开始时刻到完成切换的结束时刻的时间段;Operate the circuit to switch the two battery modules from parallel connection to series connection or from series connection to parallel connection. The drive system works in a non-energy feedback state. When the non-energy feedback state is the positive current direction of the positive power line or when the positive power line has zero current, the positive current direction of the positive power line is the direction of the two battery modules. The discharge current of the group flows from the positive terminal of the first battery to the motor controller, the zero current of the positive power supply line means that the current on the positive power supply line is zero, and the switching process is the start moment of the series-parallel switching of the circuit the time period until the end moment of the handover;
所述两个电池模组由并连连接切换至串联连接的顺序及方法:The sequence and method of switching the two battery modules from parallel connection to series connection:
第一步,断开所述第一开关和所述第二开关;Step 1, disconnecting the first switch and the second switch;
第二步,确认所述第一开关和所述第二开关的开关状态采样监测均为阻断状态,并且所述半导体无触点开关的开关状态采样监测为阻断状态;The second step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch and the second switch are both blocking states, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch is blocking state;
第三步,采用降压脉宽调制方法一升高所述第四电容电压至串联状态支撑电容电压,所述降压脉宽调制方法一是利用所述半导体无触点开关、所述二极管、所述第一电感和所述第二电感以及所述第四电容组成的降压电路,再通过所述半导体无触点开关的控制端控制所述半导体无触点开关交替工作在导通和阻断状态,并逐渐由零升高导通脉宽占空比直至升高所述第四电容电压至所述串联状态支撑电容电压,所述串联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在串联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的所述主正继电器和所述主负继电器、所述熔断器、所述正极电源线及所述负极电源线在所述第四电容上的稳态电压值;The third step is to use the step-down pulse width modulation method to increase the voltage of the fourth capacitor to the supporting capacitor voltage in a series state. The step-down pulse width modulation method is to use the semiconductor non-contact switch, the diode, The step-down circuit composed of the first inductance, the second inductance and the fourth capacitor controls the semiconductor non-contact switch to work alternately in conduction and resistance through the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch. off state, and gradually increase the on-pulse width duty ratio from zero until the fourth capacitor voltage is raised to the support capacitor voltage in the series state, and the support capacitor voltage in the series state is the voltage of the two battery modules in the The steady-state voltage value of the output current in the series connection state on the fourth capacitor through the closed main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, the positive power supply line and the negative power supply line ;
第四步, 停止所述半导体无触点开关的导通和阻断的交替工作并控制所述半导体无触点开关一直工作在导通状态;The fourth step is to stop the alternate operation of conduction and blocking of the semiconductor non-contact switch and control the semiconductor non-contact switch to always work in the conduction state;
所述两个电池模组由串联连接切换至并联连接的顺序及方法,其包括所述正极电源线正电流方向时和所述正极电源线零电流时的两种细分方法:The sequence and method of switching the two battery modules from series connection to parallel connection include two subdivision methods when the positive power line is in the positive current direction and when the positive power line is in zero current:
当所述正极电源线正电流方向时,所述两个电池模组由串联连接切换至并联连接的顺序及方法:When the positive power line is in the positive current direction, the order and method of switching the two battery modules from series connection to parallel connection:
第一步,采用降压脉宽调制方法二延缓所述第四电容电压降低的速度,并朝着并联状态支撑电容电压逐渐降低所述第四电容电压,所述降压脉宽调制方法二是利用所述半导体无触点开关、所述二极管、所述第一电感和所述第二电感以及所述第四电容组成的降压电路,再通过所述半导体无触点开关的控制端控制所述半导体无触点开关交替工作在导通和阻断状态,并由最大的导通脉宽占空比逐渐降低导通脉宽占空比,进而降低所述第四电容电压,所述并联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在并联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的所述主正继电器和所述主负继电器、所述熔断器、所述正极电源线及所述负极电源线在所述第四电容上的稳态电压值;In the first step, adopt step-down pulse width modulation method 2 to slow down the reduction speed of the fourth capacitor voltage, and gradually reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor toward the parallel state to support the capacitor voltage, the step-down pulse width modulation method 2 is Utilize the step-down circuit composed of the semiconductor non-contact switch, the diode, the first inductance, the second inductance and the fourth capacitor, and then control the The semiconductor non-contact switch works alternately in the conduction and blocking states, and gradually reduces the conduction pulse width duty cycle from the maximum conduction pulse width duty cycle, thereby reducing the voltage of the fourth capacitor, and the parallel state The supporting capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules connected in parallel through the closed main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, the positive power line and the negative power line A steady-state voltage value on the fourth capacitor;
第二步,当电容电池电压差达到预设范围内时,控制所述半导体无触点开关为一直阻断状态,所述电容电池电压差为所述第四电容电压和高电压电池模组电压的差值,所述高电压电池模组电压为所述第一电池模组电压和所述第二电池模组电压中电压高的电池模组电压;In the second step, when the voltage difference between the capacitor and the battery reaches a preset range, the semiconductor non-contact switch is controlled to be in a constant blocking state, and the voltage difference between the capacitor and the battery is equal to the voltage of the fourth capacitor and the voltage of the high-voltage battery module The difference between the high-voltage battery module voltage is the battery module voltage with the highest voltage among the first battery module voltage and the second battery module voltage;
第三步,确认所述半导体无触点开关的开关状态采样监测为阻断状态,并且所述第一开关和所述第二开关的开关状态采样监测均为阻断状态;The third step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch is a blocking state, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch and the second switch are both blocking states;
第四步,闭合高电压电池模组的对应开关,所述高电压电池模组为所述第一电池模组电压和所述第二电池模组电压中电压高的电池模组,所述对应开关为所述电池模组供电输出所需闭合的一个开关,所述第一电池模组的所述对应开关是所述第二开关,所述第二电池模组的所述对应开关是所述第一开关;The fourth step is to close the corresponding switch of the high-voltage battery module. The high-voltage battery module is the battery module with the highest voltage among the voltage of the first battery module and the voltage of the second battery module. The switch is a switch that needs to be closed for the power supply output of the battery module, the corresponding switch of the first battery module is the second switch, and the corresponding switch of the second battery module is the first switch;
第五步,当第一第二电池电压差达到预设的范围内时,再闭合低电压电池模组的所述对应开关,所述第一第二电池电压差为所述第一电池模组电压和所述第二电池模组电压的差值,所述低电压电池模组为所述第一电池模组电压和所述第二电池模组电压中电压低的电池模组;The fifth step is to close the corresponding switch of the low-voltage battery module when the voltage difference between the first and second batteries reaches a preset range, and the voltage difference between the first and second batteries is the first battery module The difference between the voltage and the voltage of the second battery module, the low-voltage battery module is the battery module with the lowest voltage among the voltage of the first battery module and the voltage of the second battery module;
当所述正极电源线为零电流时开始所述两个电池模组由串联连接切换至并联连接的顺序及方法:The sequence and method of switching the two battery modules from series connection to parallel connection when the positive power supply line is at zero current:
第一步,控制所述半导体无触点开关为一直阻断状态;The first step is to control the semiconductor non-contact switch to be in an always-blocking state;
第二步,采用母线电容主动放电技术降低所述第四电容电压至所述电容电池电压差达到预设范围内,所述母线电容主动放电技术包括操作所述电机控制器内部逆变桥的多个功率器件的导通和阻断使所述第四电容内存储的能量转化为所述功率器件的导通和阻断时的热能或电机绕组的热能,达到降低所述第四电容电压目的的技术;The second step is to use the bus capacitor active discharge technology to reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor until the voltage difference between the capacitor and the battery reaches a preset range. The bus capacitor active discharge technology includes operating multiple inverter bridges inside the motor controller. The conduction and blockage of each power device converts the energy stored in the fourth capacitor into heat energy or heat energy of the motor winding when the power device is turned on and off, so as to reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor technology;
第三步,确认所述半导体无触点开关的开关状态采样监测为阻断状态,并且所述第一开关和所述第二开关的开关状态采样监测均为阻断状态;The third step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch is a blocking state, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch and the second switch are both blocking states;
第四步,闭合所述高电压电池模组的所述对应开关;The fourth step is to close the corresponding switch of the high-voltage battery module;
第五步,待所述正极电源线电流为正电流方向时,所述高电压电池模组电压下降,当所述第一第二电池电压差达到预设的范围内时,再闭合所述低电压电池模组的所述对应开关。Step 5: When the current of the positive power supply line is in the positive current direction, the voltage of the high-voltage battery module drops, and when the voltage difference between the first and second batteries reaches a preset range, then close the low-voltage battery module. The corresponding switch of the voltage battery module.
第五方面技术方案,提出了对第二方面技术方案所述的电力推进系统的操作方法,所述方法包括:The technical solution of the fifth aspect proposes an operation method for the electric propulsion system described in the technical solution of the second aspect, and the method includes:
所述两个电池模组的串并联切换指令由第二方面技术方案中所述控制电路单元自主智能模式产生或由第二方面技术方案中所述控制电路单元被动接收模式产生,The series-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules is generated by the autonomous intelligent mode of the control circuit unit in the technical solution of the second aspect or by the passive receiving mode of the control circuit unit in the technical solution of the second aspect,
所述自主智能模式是以所述电机实时转速和所述两个电池模组的串并联状态为输入条件,根据转速迟滞比较规则自主智能产生出所述串并联切换指令,所述电机实时转速为通过第二方面技术方案中所述控制电路单元的通讯端口实时接收所述电机的实际当前转速,所述两个电池模组的串并联状态包括串联状态、并联状态以及切换过程中状态,所述转速迟滞比较规则包括:首先,以优化所述电驱动系统的损耗为原则预设两个所述电机转速值N1和转速值N2,所述电机转速值N1和所述电机转速值N2可以根据所述两个电池模组的串并联状态和实时所述第四电容电压动态计算更新,或者根据所述两个电池模组串并联状态预设出固定的所述电机转速值N1和所述电机转速值N2,所述电机转速值N1始终小于所述电机转速值N2;然后,当所述电机实时转速超过了所述电机转速值N2时,并且所述两个电池模组当前为所述并联状态,则自动产生所述两个电池模组当前的并联连接状态切换到串联连接的切换指令,否则维持原串并联状态,当所述电机实时转速低于所述电机转速值N1时,并且所述两个电池模组当前为所述串联状态,则自动产生所述两个电池模组当前的串联连接状态切换到并联连接的切换指令,否则维持原串并联状态;The autonomous intelligent mode takes the real-time speed of the motor and the series-parallel state of the two battery modules as input conditions, and autonomously and intelligently generates the series-parallel switching command according to the speed hysteresis comparison rule, and the real-time speed of the motor is The actual current rotational speed of the motor is received in real time through the communication port of the control circuit unit in the technical solution of the second aspect. The series-parallel connection state of the two battery modules includes a series state, a parallel state, and a state in the process of switching. The speed hysteresis comparison rule includes: firstly, two motor speed values N1 and two speed values N2 are preset based on the principle of optimizing the loss of the electric drive system, and the motor speed value N1 and the motor speed value N2 can be determined according to the The series-parallel state of the two battery modules and the real-time dynamic calculation and update of the fourth capacitor voltage, or preset the fixed motor speed value N1 and the motor speed according to the series-parallel state of the two battery modules value N2, the motor speed value N1 is always smaller than the motor speed value N2; then, when the real-time speed of the motor exceeds the motor speed value N2, and the two battery modules are currently in the parallel state , then automatically generate a switching instruction to switch the current parallel connection state of the two battery modules to a series connection, otherwise maintain the original series-parallel state, when the real-time speed of the motor is lower than the motor speed value N1, and the The two battery modules are currently in the series connection state, automatically generating a switching instruction for switching the current series connection state of the two battery modules to a parallel connection state, otherwise maintaining the original series-parallel state;
所述被动接收模式:第二方面技术方案中所述控制电路单元的通讯端口通过通信总线接收到所述电机控制器发出的所述两个电池模组的串并联切换指令;The passive receiving mode: the communication port of the control circuit unit in the technical solution of the second aspect receives the serial-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules sent by the motor controller through the communication bus;
根据所述两个电池模组的串并联切换指令,所述电力推进系统的所述两个电池模组被配置成串联连接或并联连接,实现所述电力推进系统的所述电机控制器可选择性地工作于串联状态支撑电容电压或并联状态支撑电容电压,进而降低了所述电力推进系统的损耗,同时实现了在所述两个电池模组的串并联切换时所述电力推进系统无功率输出中断的功能,所述串联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在串联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的所述主正继电器和所述主负继电器、所述熔断器、所述正极电源线及所述负极电源线在所述第四电容上的稳态电压值,所述并联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在并联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的所述主正继电器和所述主负继电器、所述熔断器、所述正极电源线及所述负极电源线在所述第四电容上的稳态电压值。According to the series-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules, the two battery modules of the electric propulsion system are configured to be connected in series or in parallel, so that the motor controller of the electric propulsion system can select Supporting capacitor voltage in series state or parallel state supporting capacitor voltage, thereby reducing the loss of the electric propulsion system, and at the same time realizing that the electric propulsion system has no power when the two battery modules are switched between series and parallel. The function of output interruption, the series state support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the series connection state through the closed main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, the The steady-state voltage value of the positive power supply line and the negative power supply line on the fourth capacitor, the parallel state support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the parallel connection state through the closed Steady-state voltage values of the main positive relay, the main negative relay, the fuse, the positive power line and the negative power line on the fourth capacitor.
有益效果Beneficial effect
第一方面技术方案的电路提供了电源正负极线上的自感正电流的续流回路,消除了开关断开瞬间各开关两端承受的过冲电压及开关触点间的电弧闪络与灼蚀;半导体无触点开关的应用大幅减少了从接受闭合或断开指令到执行完闭合或断开动作的时间,为电池组功率输出不中断提供了器件基础;所述电路巧妙利用了电源正负极线上的自感、二极管及半导体无触点开关,提供了降压电路的硬件基础,为消除大电流冲击提供了硬件基础,进而也为电池组功率输出不中断提供了硬件基础;The circuit of the technical solution in the first aspect provides a freewheeling circuit of the self-inductive positive current on the positive and negative pole lines of the power supply, which eliminates the overshoot voltage borne by both ends of each switch at the moment the switch is turned off and the arc flashover and Corrosion; the application of semiconductor non-contact switch greatly reduces the time from receiving the closing or opening command to completing the closing or opening action, which provides a device basis for the uninterrupted power output of the battery pack; the circuit cleverly utilizes the power supply The self-inductance, diode and semiconductor non-contact switch on the positive and negative lines provide the hardware basis of the step-down circuit, provide a hardware basis for eliminating the impact of large currents, and further provide a hardware basis for the uninterrupted power output of the battery pack;
第二方面技术方案的电力推进系统提供了在电池模组串并联切换时无功率输出中断的硬件系统基础,使该电力推进系统具备了低损耗性能及功率不中断的推进性能;The electric propulsion system of the technical solution in the second aspect provides the hardware system basis for no power output interruption when the battery modules are switched between series and parallel, so that the electric propulsion system has low loss performance and uninterrupted power propulsion performance;
第三方面技术方案的车辆克服了从低速加速到高速过程中因两个电池组串并联切换而产生的动力中断的问题,所以该车辆具备更好的动力加速性能及驾乘感受;同时该车辆在低速区域和高速区域驱车行进中可工作于对应两种车速区域的两种电压平台,从而整车行车电耗更低。并且上述有益效果不仅可以在两个400V电压平台电池串联组成的800V电压平台的车辆收获,而且也可以在两个200V电压平台电池串联组成的400V电压平台的车辆收获。The vehicle in the technical solution of the third aspect overcomes the problem of power interruption caused by the series-parallel switching of two battery packs during acceleration from low speed to high speed, so the vehicle has better power acceleration performance and driving experience; at the same time, the vehicle It can work on two voltage platforms corresponding to the two speed areas during driving in the low-speed area and high-speed area, so that the power consumption of the whole vehicle is lower. And the above-mentioned beneficial effects can not only be harvested in vehicles with an 800V voltage platform composed of two 400V voltage platform batteries connected in series, but also can be obtained in a vehicle with a 400V voltage platform composed of two 200V voltage platform batteries connected in series.
第四方面技术方案的方法提供了串并联切换时降低压差的方法,解决了因大压差带来的电流冲击问题,使开关器件及电池模组更安全、更可靠以及更长寿命,也减少了切换开关电路的电磁干扰释放;并且还提供了一种低成本的电池组输出连续可调电压的方案;The fourth aspect of the technical solution provides a method for reducing the voltage difference when switching between series and parallel connections, which solves the problem of current impact caused by large voltage differences, and makes switching devices and battery modules safer, more reliable, and longer in service life. It reduces the electromagnetic interference release of the switch circuit; and also provides a low-cost battery pack output continuous adjustable voltage solution;
第五方面技术方案的方法提供了一种简单的自主的串并联切换机制及所述电力推进系统能工作于两种电压平台的降低电驱系统损耗的方法,简化了电机控制器或电力推进系统的控制,使串并联切换电路更容易使用,更容易集成进现有的电池组供电电路中。The method of the technical solution in the fifth aspect provides a simple autonomous series-parallel switching mechanism and a method for reducing the loss of the electric drive system in which the electric propulsion system can work on two voltage platforms, which simplifies the motor controller or the electric propulsion system. The control makes the series-parallel switching circuit easier to use and easier to integrate into the existing battery pack power supply circuit.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是示例性串并联切换主电路及其所属的示例性电力推进系统;Fig. 1 is an exemplary series-parallel switching main circuit and an exemplary electric propulsion system to which it belongs;
图2是开关包括一个金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管或多个串联或并联的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的几种示例;Fig. 2 is several examples in which the switch includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor or a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors connected in series or in parallel;
图3是开关包括一个绝缘栅双极性晶体管或多个串联或并联的绝缘栅双极性晶体管的几种示例;Fig. 3 is several examples in which the switch comprises one IGBT or a plurality of IGBTs connected in series or in parallel;
图4是串并联切换主电路的一个以功率模块形式体现的实施例的外观示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic appearance diagram of an embodiment embodied in the form of a power module of a series-parallel switching main circuit;
图5是包括吸收电容的示例性串并联切换主电路及其所属的示例性电力推进系统;Fig. 5 is an exemplary series-parallel switching main circuit including absorbing capacitors and an exemplary electric propulsion system to which it belongs;
图6是体现串并联切换主电路和控制电路单元之间连接关系的示例图及其所属的示例性电力推进系统;Fig. 6 is an exemplary diagram embodying the connection relationship between the series-parallel switching main circuit and the control circuit unit and the exemplary electric propulsion system to which it belongs;
图7是包括第三电感的示例性电力推进系统;7 is an exemplary electric propulsion system including a third inductor;
图8是一种三个开关都采用N型金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的示例性主电路及其所属的示例性电力推进系统; Fig. 8 is an exemplary main circuit in which three switches all adopt NMOS field-effect transistors and an exemplary electric propulsion system thereof;
图9是根据转速迟滞比较规则自主智能产生出串并联切换指令的解释说明图。Fig. 9 is an explanatory diagram of autonomously and intelligently generating a series-parallel switching instruction according to the speed hysteresis comparison rule.
本发明的最佳实施方式BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
一种优选的实施例,如图8所示,第一开关101和第二开关102均为硅基N沟道金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管单管逆向串联的实现形式,半导体无触点开关103为碳化硅基的N沟道金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管单管逆向串联的实现形式。所述第一电容单元和第二电容单元均为一个电容的实现形式。每个开关的两个门级驱动的控制端分别电性耦接至控制电路单元200,第一电池正极端口131、第一电池负极端口132、第二电池正极端口133以及第二电池负极端口134分别电性耦接至控制电路单元200,通过上述四个端口输入给控制电路单元200,控制电路单元200可实现各电池电压的采样监测及三个开关的开关状态采样监测功能,第一电流检测装置404的输出端口电性耦接至控制电路单元200,控制电路单元200的通讯端口电性耦接至通信总线。A preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 8, the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are the implementation form of silicon-based N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor single-transistor reverse series connection, the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 It is the realization form of single-transistor reverse series connection of silicon carbide-based N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Both the first capacitor unit and the second capacitor unit are implemented as a capacitor. The control terminals of the two gate drivers of each switch are respectively electrically coupled to the control circuit unit 200 , the first battery positive terminal 131 , the first battery negative terminal 132 , the second battery positive terminal 133 and the second battery negative terminal 134 They are respectively electrically coupled to the control circuit unit 200, and are input to the control circuit unit 200 through the above four ports. The control circuit unit 200 can realize the sampling and monitoring functions of each battery voltage and the switching state sampling and monitoring functions of the three switches. The first current detection The output port of the device 404 is electrically coupled to the control circuit unit 200 , and the communication port of the control circuit unit 200 is electrically coupled to the communication bus.
图8所示,电池组供电输出经由主正继电器401、主负继电器402、熔断器403、第一电感501以及第二电感502电性耦接至电机控制器600的直流母线支撑电容601的正负极。电机控制器600将直流母线支撑电容601上的直流电逆变成多相交流电输出至电机700。As shown in FIG. 8 , the power supply output of the battery pack is electrically coupled to the positive side of the DC bus support capacitor 601 of the motor controller 600 via the main positive relay 401 , the main negative relay 402 , the fuse 403 , the first inductor 501 and the second inductor 502 . negative electrode. The motor controller 600 inverts the DC power on the DC bus support capacitor 601 into multi-phase AC power and outputs it to the motor 700 .
图8 展示了一种电力推进系统的实施例,包括主电路100、控制电路单元200、第一电池模组301、第二电池模组302以及供电输出回路的电路,电机控制器600,电机700以及通信总线。Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of an electric propulsion system, including a main circuit 100, a control circuit unit 200, a first battery module 301, a second battery module 302 and a power supply output circuit, a motor controller 600, and a motor 700 and communication bus.
一种操作图8所示电路的方法的实施例:An embodiment of a method of operating the circuit shown in Figure 8:
所述方法包括:The methods include:
操作所述电路将所述两个电池模组由并联连接切换为串联连接或由串联连接切换为并联连接的整个过程及开始时刻选择在非能量回馈状态,并且在切换过程中需控制所述电驱动系统工作在非能量回馈状态,所述非能量回馈状态为正极电源线501正电流方向时或正极电源线501零电流时,正极电源线501正电流方向为所述两个电池模组放电电流由第一电池正极端口131流向电机控制器600,所述正极电源线501零电流为正极电源线501上电流为零,所述切换过程为所述电路串并联切换的所述开始时刻到完成切换的结束时刻的时间段;Operate the circuit to switch the two battery modules from parallel connection to series connection or from series connection to parallel connection. The drive system works in the non-energy feedback state, and the non-energy feedback state is when the positive power line 501 has a positive current direction or when the positive power line 501 has zero current, the positive power line 501 positive current direction is the discharge current of the two battery modules From the positive port 131 of the first battery to the motor controller 600, the zero current of the positive power line 501 means that the current on the positive power line 501 is zero, and the switching process is from the start moment of the series-parallel switching of the circuit to the completion of the switching The time period of the end moment of ;
所述两个电池模组由并连连接切换至串联连接的顺序及方法:The sequence and method of switching the two battery modules from parallel connection to series connection:
第一步,阻断第一开关101和第二开关102;The first step is to block the first switch 101 and the second switch 102;
第二步,确认第一开关101和第二开关102的开关状态采样监测均为阻断状态,并且半导体无触点开关103的开关状态采样监测为阻断状态;The second step is to confirm that the switch state sampling monitoring of the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 is a blocking state, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is a blocking state;
第三步,采用降压脉宽调制方法一升高第四电容601电压至串联状态支撑电容电压,所述降压脉宽调制方法一是利用半导体无触点开关103、二极管104、第一电感501和第二电感502以及第四电容601组成的降压电路,再通过半导体无触点开关103的控制端控制半导体无触点开关103交替工作在导通和阻断状态,并逐渐由零升高导通脉宽占空比直至升高第四电容601电压至所述串联状态支撑电容电压,所述串联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在串联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的主正继电器401和主负继电器402、403熔断器、正极电源线501及负极电源线502在第四电容601上的稳态电压值;The third step is to use step-down pulse width modulation method to increase the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601 to the supporting capacitor voltage in series state. The step-down pulse width modulation method is to use semiconductor non-contact switch 103, diode 104, and 501, the second inductance 502 and the fourth capacitor 601 form the step-down circuit, and then control the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 to work alternately in the conduction and blocking states through the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103, and gradually rise from zero to High conduction pulse width duty cycle until the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601 is raised to the voltage of the supporting capacitor in the series state, and the voltage of the supporting capacitor in the series state is the output current of the two battery modules in the state of series connection. The main positive relay 401 and the main negative relay 402, 403 fuses, the positive power supply line 501 and the negative power supply line 502 are on the steady-state voltage value of the fourth capacitor 601;
第四步, 停止半导体无触点开关103的导通和阻断的交替工作并控制半导体无触点开关103一直工作在导通状态;The fourth step is to stop the alternate operation of conduction and blocking of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 and control the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 to always work in the conduction state;
所述两个电池模组由串联连接切换至并联连接的顺序及方法,其包括正极电源线501正电流方向时和正极电源线501零电流时的两种细分方法:The sequence and method of switching the two battery modules from series connection to parallel connection include two subdivision methods when the positive power line 501 is in the positive current direction and when the positive power line 501 has zero current:
当正极电源线501正电流方向时,所述两个电池模组由串联连接切换至并联连接的顺序及方法:When the positive power line 501 is in the positive current direction, the sequence and method of switching the two battery modules from series connection to parallel connection:
第一步,采用降压脉宽调制方法二延缓第四电容601电压降低的速度,并朝着并联状态支撑电容电压逐渐降低第四电容601电压,所述降压脉宽调制方法二是利用半导体无触点开关103、二极管104、第一电感501和第二电感502以及第四电容601组成的降压电路,再通过半导体无触点开关103的控制端控制半导体无触点开关103交替工作在导通和阻断状态,并由最大的导通脉宽占空比逐渐降低导通脉宽占空比,进而降低第四电容601电压,所述并联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在并联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的主正继电器401和主负继电器402、熔断器403、正极电源线501及负极电源线502在第四电容601上的稳态电压值;In the first step, adopt step-down pulse width modulation method 2 to slow down the speed of voltage reduction of the fourth capacitor 601, and gradually reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601 toward the parallel state to support the capacitor voltage. The step-down pulse width modulation method 2 is to use semiconductor The step-down circuit composed of the contactless switch 103, the diode 104, the first inductance 501, the second inductance 502 and the fourth capacitor 601 controls the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 to work alternately through the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 The conduction and blocking states, and gradually reduce the conduction pulse width duty cycle from the maximum conduction pulse width duty cycle, thereby reducing the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601, and the parallel state support capacitor voltage is the voltage of the two battery modules The output current of the group in the parallel connection state passes through the closed main positive relay 401 and the main negative relay 402, the fuse 403, the steady-state voltage value on the fourth capacitor 601 of the positive power supply line 501 and the negative power supply line 502;
第二步,当电容电池电压差达到预设范围内时,控制半导体无触点开关103为一直阻断状态,所述电容电池电压差为第四电容601电压和高电压电池模组电压的差值,所述高电压电池模组电压为第一电池模组301电压和第二电池模组302电压中电压高的电池模组电压;In the second step, when the voltage difference of the capacitor battery reaches the preset range, the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is controlled to be in the blocked state all the time, and the voltage difference of the capacitor battery is the difference between the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601 and the voltage of the high-voltage battery module value, the voltage of the high-voltage battery module is the voltage of the battery module with the highest voltage among the voltage of the first battery module 301 and the voltage of the second battery module 302;
第三步,确认半导体无触点开关103的开关状态采样监测为阻断状态,并且第一开关101和第二开关102的开关状态采样监测均为阻断状态;The third step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is a blocking state, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are both blocking states;
第四步,闭合高电压电池模组的对应开关,所述高电压电池模组为第一电池模组301电压和第二电池模组302电压中电压高的电池模组,所述对应开关为所述电池模组供电输出所需闭合的一个开关,第一电池模组301的所述对应开关是第二开关102,第二电池模组302的所述对应开关是第一开关101;The fourth step is to close the corresponding switch of the high-voltage battery module. The high-voltage battery module is the battery module with the highest voltage among the voltage of the first battery module 301 and the voltage of the second battery module 302. The corresponding switch is A switch that needs to be closed for power supply output of the battery module, the corresponding switch of the first battery module 301 is the second switch 102, and the corresponding switch of the second battery module 302 is the first switch 101;
第五步,当第一第二电池电压差达到预设的范围内时,再闭合低电压电池模组的所述对应开关,所述第一第二电池电压差为第一电池模组301电压和第二电池模组302电压的差值,所述低电压电池模组为第一电池模组301电压和第二电池模组302电压中电压低的电池模组;The fifth step is to close the corresponding switch of the low-voltage battery module when the voltage difference between the first and second batteries reaches the preset range, and the voltage difference between the first and second batteries is the voltage of the first battery module 301 The difference between the voltage of the second battery module 302 and the low-voltage battery module is the battery module with the lowest voltage among the voltage of the first battery module 301 and the voltage of the second battery module 302;
当正极电源线501为零电流时开始所述两个电池模组由串联连接切换至并联连接的顺序及方法:When the positive power supply line 501 is at zero current, the sequence and method of switching the two battery modules from series connection to parallel connection:
第一步,控制半导体无触点开关103为一直阻断状态;The first step is to control the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 to be in an always-off state;
第二步,采用母线电容主动放电技术降低第四电容601电压至所述电容电池电压差达到预设范围内,所述母线电容主动放电技术包括操作电机控制器600内部逆变桥的多个功率器件的导通和阻断使第四电容601内存储的能量转化为所述功率器件的导通和阻断时的热能或电机绕组的热能,达到降低第四电容601电压目的的技术;In the second step, the bus capacitor active discharge technology is used to reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601 until the voltage difference between the capacitor and the battery reaches a preset range. The turning on and off of the device converts the energy stored in the fourth capacitor 601 into heat energy or heat energy of the motor winding when the power device is turned on and off, so as to reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor 601;
第三步,确认半导体无触点开关103的开关状态采样监测为阻断状态,并且第一开关101和第二开关102的开关状态采样监测均为阻断状态;The third step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is a blocking state, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are both blocking states;
第四步,闭合所述高电压电池模组的所述对应开关;The fourth step is to close the corresponding switch of the high-voltage battery module;
第五步,待正极电源线501电流为正电流方向时,所述高电压电池模组电压下降,当所述第一第二电池电压差达到预设的范围内时,再闭合所述低电压电池模组的所述对应开关。Step 5: When the current of the positive power supply line 501 is in the positive direction, the voltage of the high-voltage battery module drops, and when the voltage difference between the first and second batteries reaches a preset range, the low-voltage battery module is closed again. The corresponding switch of the battery module.
一种操作图8所示的电力推进系统的方法的实施例:An embodiment of a method of operating the electric propulsion system shown in Figure 8:
所述方法包括:The methods include:
所述两个电池模组的串并联切换指令由图8所示的电力推进系统中控制电路单元200自主智能模式产生或由图8所示的电力推进系统中控制电路单元200被动接收模式产生。The series-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules is generated by the control circuit unit 200 in the electric propulsion system shown in FIG. 8 in an autonomous intelligent mode or by the control circuit unit 200 in the electric propulsion system shown in FIG. 8 in a passive receiving mode.
所述自主智能模式:以电机700实时转速和所述两个电池模组的串并联状态为输入条件,根据转速迟滞比较规则自主智能产生出所述串并联切换指令,电机600实时转速为通过图8所示的电力推进系统中控制电路单元200的通讯端口实时接收电机700的实际当前转速,所述两个电池模组的串并联状态包括串联状态、并联状态以及切换过程中状态。如图9所示,所述转速迟滞比较规则包括:首先,以优化电驱动系统的损耗为原则预设两个电机700转速值N1和转速值N2,电机700转速值N1和所述电机转速值N2可以根据所述两个电池模组的串并联状态和实时第四电容601电压动态计算更新,或者根据所述两个电池模组串并联状态预设出固定的所述电机转速值N1和所述电机转速值N2,所述电机转速值N1始终小于所述电机转速值N2;然后,当电机700实时转速超过了电机700转速值N2时,并且所述两个电池模组当前为所述并联状态,则自动产生所述两个电池模组当前的并联连接状态切换到串联连接的切换指令,否则维持原串并联状态,当电机700实时转速低于电机700转速值N1时,并且所述两个电池模组当前为所述串联状态,则自动产生所述两个电池模组当前的串联连接状态切换到并联连接的切换指令,否则维持原串并联状态;The autonomous intelligent mode: taking the real-time rotational speed of the motor 700 and the series-parallel connection state of the two battery modules as input conditions, the series-parallel switching command is autonomously and intelligently generated according to the rotational speed hysteresis comparison rule, and the real-time rotational speed of the motor 600 is as shown in Fig. The communication port of the control circuit unit 200 in the electric propulsion system shown in 8 receives the actual current speed of the motor 700 in real time, and the series-parallel connection state of the two battery modules includes a series state, a parallel state and a state in the process of switching. As shown in FIG. 9 , the speed hysteresis comparison rule includes: firstly, based on the principle of optimizing the loss of the electric drive system, two motor 700 speed values N1 and speed values N2 are preset, and the motor 700 speed value N1 and the motor speed value N2 can be dynamically calculated and updated according to the series-parallel connection state of the two battery modules and the real-time voltage of the fourth capacitor 601, or the fixed motor speed value N1 and the fixed motor speed value N1 can be preset according to the series-parallel connection state of the two battery modules. The motor speed value N2, the motor speed value N1 is always smaller than the motor speed value N2; then, when the real-time speed of the motor 700 exceeds the motor 700 speed value N2, and the two battery modules are currently in the parallel state, then automatically generate a switching instruction to switch the current parallel connection state of the two battery modules to a series connection, otherwise maintain the original series-parallel state, when the real-time speed of the motor 700 is lower than the speed value N1 of the motor 700, and the two battery modules If two battery modules are currently in the series connection state, a switching instruction for switching the current series connection state of the two battery modules to parallel connection is automatically generated, otherwise the original series-parallel state is maintained;
所述被动接收模式:图8中控制电路单元200的通讯端口通过所示通信总线接收到电机控制器600发出的所述两个电池模组的串并联切换指令;The passive receiving mode: the communication port of the control circuit unit 200 in FIG. 8 receives the series-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules sent by the motor controller 600 through the communication bus shown;
根据所述两个电池模组的串并联切换指令,所述电力推进系统的所述两个电池模组被配置成串联连接或并联连接,实现所述电力推进系统的电机控制器600可选择性地工作于串联状态支撑电容电压或并联状态支撑电容电压,进而降低了所述电力推进系统的损耗,同时实现了在所述两个电池模组的串并联切换时所述电力推进系统无功率输出中断的功能,所述串联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在串联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的主正继电器401和主负继电器402、熔断器403、正极电源线501及负极电源线502在第四电容601上的稳态电压值,所述并联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在并联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的主正继电器401和主负继电器402、熔断器403、正极电源线501及负极电源线502在第四电容601上的稳态电压值。According to the series-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules, the two battery modules of the electric propulsion system are configured to be connected in series or in parallel, so that the motor controller 600 of the electric propulsion system can select The ground works in a series state to support the capacitor voltage or a parallel state to support the capacitor voltage, thereby reducing the loss of the electric propulsion system, and at the same time realizing that the electric propulsion system has no power output when the two battery modules are switched between series and parallel. The interrupt function, the series state support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the series connection state through the closed main positive relay 401 and main negative relay 402, fuse 403, positive power supply line 501 and negative pole The steady-state voltage value of the power line 502 on the fourth capacitor 601, the parallel state support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the parallel connection state via the closed main positive relay 401 and main negative relay 402 , the steady-state voltage values of the fuse 403 , the positive power line 501 and the negative power line 502 on the fourth capacitor 601 .
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the present invention
以下对部分的实施例的形成和使用结合附图进行详细描述说明。在此所描述的有关附图的实施例为说明性质的、图解性质的且用于提供对本发明的基本理解。所描述说明的具体实施例仅阐述了形成并使用本发明的具体方式而并非对本发明的范围进行限制。The formation and use of some embodiments will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described herein with respect to the accompanying drawings are illustrative, diagrammatic and are used to provide a basic understanding of the invention. The specific embodiments described are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention.
在本发明的实施例图1中,图1所示的串并联切换主电路100为本发明的基础,主电路100包括:In Fig. 1 of the embodiment of the present invention, the series-parallel switching main circuit 100 shown in Fig. 1 is the basis of the present invention, and the main circuit 100 includes:
第一电池正极端口131,其电性耦接至第一电池模组301的正极;the first battery positive terminal 131, which is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the first battery module 301;
第一电池负极端口132,其电性耦接至第一电池模组301的负极;the first battery negative terminal 132, which is electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the first battery module 301;
第二电池正极端口133,其电性耦接至第二电池模组302的正极;the second battery positive terminal 133, which is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the second battery module 302;
第二电池负极端口134,其电性耦接至第二电池模组302的负极;the second battery negative terminal 134, which is electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the second battery module 302;
第一开关101,其具有第一端、第二端和至少一个控制端,第一开关101的第一端和第一开关101的第二端电性耦接于第一电池正极端口131与第二电池正极端口133之间,第一开关101的控制端可配置第一开关101为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态;The first switch 101 has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the first switch 101 and the second terminal of the first switch 101 are electrically coupled to the positive port 131 of the first battery and the second terminal of the first battery. Between the positive terminals 133 of the two batteries, the control terminal of the first switch 101 can configure the first switch 101 to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state;
第二开关102,其具有第一端、第二端和至少一个控制端,第二开关102的第一端和第二开关102的第二端电性耦接于第二电池负极端口134与第一电池负极端口132之间,第二开关102的控制端可配置第二开关102为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态;The second switch 102 has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the second switch 102 and the second terminal of the second switch 102 are electrically coupled to the second battery negative terminal 134 and the second terminal of the second battery. Between a battery negative terminal 132, the control terminal of the second switch 102 can configure the second switch 102 to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state;
二极管104,其电性耦接于第一电池正极端口131与第二电池负极端口134之间,二极管104阴极电性耦接至第一电池正极端口131,二极管104阳极电性耦接至第二电池负极端口134;Diode 104, which is electrically coupled between the positive port 131 of the first battery and the negative port 134 of the second battery, the cathode of the diode 104 is electrically coupled to the positive port 131 of the first battery, and the anode of the diode 104 is electrically coupled to the second battery negative terminal 134;
半导体无触点开关103,其具有第一端、第二端和至少一个控制端,半导体无触点开关103的第一端和半导体无触点开关103的第二端电性耦接于第一电池负极端口132与第二电池正极端口之间133,半导体无触点开关103包括一个晶体管或多个串联或并联的晶体管,半导体无触点开关103的控制端可配置半导体无触点开关103为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态。所述晶体管包括金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管MOSFET、绝缘栅双极性晶体管IGBT、高电子迁移率晶体管HEMT。The semiconductor non-contact switch 103 has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 and the second terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 are electrically coupled to the first Between the battery negative port 132 and the second battery positive port 133, the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 includes a transistor or a plurality of transistors connected in series or in parallel, and the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 can configure the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 as Bidirectional current conducting state or bidirectional current blocking state. The transistors include Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor MOSFET, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor IGBT and High Electron Mobility Transistor HEMT.
第一开关101或第二开关102的类型包括有触点的开关和无触点开关,有触点开关通常包括继电器和接触器,无触点开关包括用半导体材料构成的全控型功率器件,其包括晶体管和晶闸管。The type of the first switch 101 or the second switch 102 includes a contact switch and a non-contact switch. The contact switch usually includes a relay and a contactor, and the non-contact switch includes a fully controlled power device made of semiconductor materials. It includes transistors and thyristors.
三个开关在主电路100中的基本功能如下,当第一开关101和第二开关102均闭合并且半导体无触点开关103阻断时,第一电池模组301和第二电池模组302为并联连接;当第一开关101和第二开关102均断开并且半导体无触点开关103导通时,第一电池模组301和第二电池模组302为串联连接;当只有第一开关101闭合时,只有第二电池模组302的正负极都电性耦接至第一电池正极端口131和第二电池负极端口134,所述这两个端口是两个电池模组串并联后供电输出的正极和负极,也即当只有第一开关101闭合时,只有第二电池模组302供电输出;当只有第二开关102闭合时,只有第一电池模组301的正负极都电性耦接至第一电池正极端口131和第二电池负极端口134,故只有第一电池模组301供电输出;The basic functions of the three switches in the main circuit 100 are as follows. When both the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are closed and the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is blocked, the first battery module 301 and the second battery module 302 are Parallel connection; when both the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are turned off and the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is turned on, the first battery module 301 and the second battery module 302 are connected in series; when only the first switch 101 When closed, only the positive and negative poles of the second battery module 302 are electrically coupled to the positive terminal 131 of the first battery and the negative terminal 134 of the second battery, and these two terminals are connected in series and parallel for power supply. The positive and negative poles of the output, that is, when only the first switch 101 is closed, only the second battery module 302 supplies power output; when only the second switch 102 is closed, only the positive and negative poles of the first battery module 301 are electrically Coupled to the first battery positive terminal 131 and the second battery negative terminal 134, so only the first battery module 301 supplies power output;
如图1所示,两个电池模组串并联供电输出经由主正继电器401、主负继电器402、熔断器403、正极电源线自感501以及负极电源线自感502电性耦接至电机控制器600的直流母线支撑电容601的正负极。电机控制器600将直流母线支撑电容601上的直流电逆变成多相交流电输出至电机700。As shown in Figure 1, the power supply output of two battery modules connected in series and parallel is electrically coupled to the motor control via the main positive relay 401, the main negative relay 402, the fuse 403, the positive power line self-inductance 501 and the negative power line self-inductance 502 The positive and negative poles of the DC bus support capacitor 601 of the device 600. The motor controller 600 inverts the DC power on the DC bus support capacitor 601 into multi-phase AC power and outputs it to the motor 700 .
不难看出,二极管104、半导体无触点开关103、正极电源线自感501、负极电源线自感502以及直流母线支撑电容601组成了一个变形的BUCK降压电路,所述降压电路可将两个电池模组串联连接后的串联电压通过所述降压电路在直流母线支撑电容601上得到一个比串联电压低的电压值,该电压值原理上等于串联电压与半导体无触点开关103导通占空比的乘积。在所述降压电路中,二极管104和半导体无触点开关103起了关键作用。当第一开关101和第二开关102均为断开状态时,半导体无触点开关103导通后,两个电池模组形成串联连接并经由正极电源线自感501和负极电源线自感502向直流母线支撑电容601充电,经过一段导通时间后半导体无触点开关103被控制为阻断,正极电源线自感501电流和负极电源线自感502电流通过二极管104续流并把储存的能量释放至直流母线支撑电容601。如此,半导体无触点开关103高频交替工作于导通和阻断状态直至直流母线支撑电容601达到预控电压值。It is not difficult to see that the diode 104, the semiconductor non-contact switch 103, the positive power line self-inductance 501, the negative power line self-inductance 502, and the DC bus support capacitor 601 form a deformed BUCK step-down circuit, and the step-down circuit can The series voltage after the two battery modules are connected in series obtains a voltage value lower than the series voltage on the DC bus support capacitor 601 through the step-down circuit. The product of the duty cycle. In the step-down circuit, the diode 104 and the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 play a key role. When the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are both in the off state, after the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is turned on, the two battery modules form a series connection and pass through the self-inductance 501 of the positive power line and the self-inductance 502 of the negative power line. Charging the DC bus support capacitor 601, after a period of on-time, the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is controlled to be blocked, the positive power line self-inductance 501 current and the negative power line self-inductance 502 current flow through the diode 104 and the stored The energy is released to the DC bus support capacitor 601 . In this way, the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 works alternately at high frequency in the conducting and blocking states until the DC bus support capacitor 601 reaches the pre-controlled voltage value.
正极电源线自感501和负极电源线自感502为电池组供电线路的自感,故电感值比较小,为了满足串并联切换过程中仍然能提供应有的功率输出,所以半导体无触点开关103需要工作在更高的开关频率才能满足此需求。The self-inductance 501 of the positive power line and the self-inductance 502 of the negative power line are the self-inductance of the power supply line of the battery pack, so the inductance value is relatively small. 103 needs to work at a higher switching frequency to meet this requirement.
半导体无触点开关103的几种优选地实现形式包括图2当中的任一种形式。图2a为不带体二极管的N沟道金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管MOSFET单管。图2b为两个普通带寄生二极管的N沟道金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管MOSFET单管逆向串联。图2c为两个普通带寄生二极管的N沟道金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管MOSFET单管另一种逆向串联。图2d和图2e分别为图2b和图2c的并联形式,以增大电流能力,需要更大的电流能力增加并联的数量即可。无论哪种形式的实现,半导体无触点开关103的控制端最终可配置半导体无触点开关103为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态。Several preferred implementation forms of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 include any one of the forms in FIG. 2 . Figure 2a is an N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor MOSFET without a body diode. Figure 2b shows two common N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor MOSFETs with parasitic diodes in reverse series connection. Fig. 2c is another reverse series connection of two common N-channel MOSFET single transistors with parasitic diodes. Figure 2d and Figure 2e are the parallel forms of Figure 2b and Figure 2c respectively, in order to increase the current capacity, a larger current capacity is required to increase the number of parallel connections. Regardless of the implementation, the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 can finally configure the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state.
进一步的半导体无触点开关103的优选的实现形式为图2a到图2e中每一个N沟道金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管MOSFET为碳化硅基的N沟道金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管MOSFET。A further preferred implementation form of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is that each N-channel MOSFET in FIG. 2a to FIG. 2e is a silicon carbide-based N-channel MOSFET.
另外一种半导体无触点开关103的实现形式为图3a、图3b、图3c以及图3d所示的示例,这几种示例的基本单元都为绝缘栅双极性晶体管IGBT,也是通过两个单管逆向串联或串联后再并联的形式实现。Another realization form of semiconductor non-contact switch 103 is the example shown in Fig. 3a, Fig. 3b, Fig. 3c and Fig. 3d. It can be realized in the form of reverse series connection or parallel connection after series connection of single tubes.
同样的,第一开关101和第二开关102的优选的实现形式也都可以是图2或图3所示的任一种实现形式。第一开关101和第二开关102优选采用无触点的晶体管为实现形式,则第一开关101和第二开关102的导通和阻断速度大幅提高,进而串并联切换过程会更快,切换过程中的功率输出越不容易中断。Likewise, preferred implementation forms of the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 may also be any implementation form shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 . The first switch 101 and the second switch 102 preferably adopt non-contact transistors as the realization form, then the conduction and blocking speeds of the first switch 101 and the second switch 102 are greatly improved, and then the series-parallel switching process will be faster, switching The power output of the process is less likely to be interrupted.
图4展示了主电路100的一种优选的实现形式,主电路100由一个功率模块实现,所述功率模块包括:FIG. 4 shows a preferred implementation form of the main circuit 100. The main circuit 100 is implemented by a power module, and the power module includes:
多个功率端子,所述多个功率端子包括主电路100的第一电池正极端口131端子、第一电池负极端口132端子、第二电池正极端口133端子以及第二电池负极端口134端子;多个裸芯片组,其集成在所述功率模块内部,所述多个裸芯片组包括主电路100的第一开关101裸芯片组、第二开关102裸芯片组、二极管104裸芯片组以及半导体无触点开关103裸芯片组,所述多个裸芯片组按主电路100的电性耦接关系与所述多个功率端子电性耦接,所述裸芯片组包括一个裸芯片或多个串联或并联的裸芯片;以及A plurality of power terminals, the plurality of power terminals including the first battery positive port 131 terminal, the first battery negative port 132 terminal, the second battery positive port 133 terminal and the second battery negative port 134 terminal of the main circuit 100; Bare chip group, which is integrated inside the power module, the plurality of bare chip groups include the first switch 101 bare chip group of the main circuit 100, the second switch 102 bare chip group, the diode 104 bare chip group and the semiconductor contactless Point switch 103 bare chip group, the multiple bare chip groups are electrically coupled to the multiple power terminals according to the electrical coupling relationship of the main circuit 100, the bare chip group includes one bare chip or a plurality of series or bare die in parallel; and
多个门极驱动端子,其包括第一开关101的至少一个驱动端子151、第二开关102的至少一个驱动端子152以及半导体无触点开关103的至少一个驱动端子153。A plurality of gate drive terminals including at least one drive terminal 151 of the first switch 101 , at least one drive terminal 152 of the second switch 102 and at least one drive terminal 153 of the semiconductor contactless switch 103 .
进一步优选地包括:Further preferably include:
第一开关101裸芯片组包括一个金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片或多个串联或并联的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片,或者第一开关101裸芯片组包括一个绝缘栅双极性晶体管裸芯片或多个串联或并联的绝缘栅双极性晶体管裸芯片;The bare chip set of the first switch 101 includes one metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip or a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chips connected in series or in parallel, or the first switch 101 bare chip set includes an insulated gate bipolar A bare transistor die or a plurality of bare die of IGBTs connected in series or in parallel;
第二开关102裸芯片组包括一个金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片或多个串联或并联的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片,或者第二开关102裸芯片组包括一个绝缘栅双极性晶体管裸芯片或多个串联或并联的绝缘栅双极性晶体管裸芯片;The second switch 102 bare chip set includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip or a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chips connected in series or in parallel, or the second switch 102 bare chip set includes an insulated gate bipolar A bare transistor die or a plurality of bare die of IGBTs connected in series or in parallel;
半导体无触点开关103裸芯片组包括一个金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片或多个串联或并联的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片,或者半导体无触点开关103裸芯片组包括一个绝缘栅双极性晶体管裸芯片或多个串联或并联的绝缘栅双极性晶体管裸芯片,所述金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片至少包括N沟道碳化硅基金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片。The semiconductor non-contact switch 103 bare chip group includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip or a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chips connected in series or in parallel, or the semiconductor non-contact switch 103 bare chip group includes an insulating A gate bipolar transistor bare chip or a plurality of series or parallel insulated gate bipolar transistor bare chips, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip at least includes an N-channel silicon carbide-based metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip chip.
所述功率模块进一步包括:The power module further includes:
基板,其包括顶面金属导电层、绝缘层以及底面金属传热层,所述顶面金属导电层与所述多个裸芯片组焊接;A substrate, which includes a top metal conductive layer, an insulating layer, and a bottom metal heat transfer layer, the top metal conductive layer is welded to the plurality of bare chip groups;
散热金属板172,其用于将所述多个裸芯片组产生的热量传递到所述功率模块外,散热金属板172的一面与所述基板的底面金属传热层焊接;A heat dissipation metal plate 172, which is used to transfer the heat generated by the plurality of bare chip groups to the outside of the power module, and one side of the heat dissipation metal plate 172 is welded to the metal heat transfer layer on the bottom surface of the substrate;
壳体171,其用于固定或连接散热金属板172、所述多个功率端子、所述多个门级驱动端子。The housing 171 is used for fixing or connecting the heat dissipation metal plate 172 , the plurality of power terminals, and the plurality of gate-level drive terminals.
进一步的一种实施例,如图5所示,主电路100在电路层面进一步包括第一电容单元111和第二电容单元112,第一电容单元111电性耦接于第一电池正极端口131与第一电池负极端口132之间,第二电容112电性耦接于第二电池正极端口133与所述第二电池负极端口134之间,所述电容单元至少包括一个电容。In a further embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5 , the main circuit 100 further includes a first capacitor unit 111 and a second capacitor unit 112 at the circuit level, and the first capacitor unit 111 is electrically coupled to the first battery positive port 131 and Between the first battery negative terminal 132 , the second capacitor 112 is electrically coupled between the second battery positive terminal 133 and the second battery negative terminal 134 , and the capacitor unit includes at least one capacitor.
进一步包括第三电容单元113,第三电容单元113电性耦接于第一电池负极端口132与第二电池正极端口133之间,第三电容单元113至少包括一个电容。The third capacitor unit 113 is further included. The third capacitor unit 113 is electrically coupled between the first battery negative terminal 132 and the second battery positive terminal 133 . The third capacitor unit 113 includes at least one capacitor.
进一步的一种实施例,如图6所示,在主电路100的基础上,还包括电路控制单元200,控制电路单元200所实现的功能包括:In a further embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6 , on the basis of the main circuit 100, a circuit control unit 200 is also included, and the functions realized by the control circuit unit 200 include:
提供主电路100所需的驱动输出;providing the drive output required by the main circuit 100;
电压采样监测,其包括第一电池正极端口131与第一电池负极端口132之间的电压采样监测、第二电池正极端口133与第二电池负极端口134之间的电压采样监测、第一电池正极端口131与第二电池负极端口134之间的电压采样监测;Voltage sampling monitoring, which includes the voltage sampling monitoring between the first battery positive port 131 and the first battery negative port 132, the voltage sampling monitoring between the second battery positive port 133 and the second battery negative port 134, the first battery positive port Voltage sampling and monitoring between the port 131 and the second battery negative port 134;
电流采样监测,其包括第一电池正极端口131或者第二电池负极端口134与电机控制器600之间的电流采样监测,Current sampling monitoring, which includes current sampling monitoring between the first battery positive port 131 or the second battery negative port 134 and the motor controller 600,
开关状态采样监测,其包括第一开关101的开关状态采样监测、第二开关102的开关状态采样监测以及半导体无触点开关103的开关状态采样监测;以及Switch state sampling monitoring, which includes the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch 101, the switching state sampling monitoring of the second switch 102 and the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch 103; and
接收包括电机700的实际当前转速和串并联切换指令的信息,并且基于所述电压采样监测的各电压值和所述开关状态采样监测的各开关状态,做出所述两个电池模组配置为串联或并联的选择,并输出对应的所述驱动输出信号到主电路100;receiving the information including the actual current speed of the motor 700 and the series-parallel switching command, and based on the voltage values monitored by the voltage sampling and the switch states monitored by the switch state sampling, the configuration of the two battery modules is made as Selecting in series or in parallel, and outputting the corresponding drive output signal to the main circuit 100;
图6所示,控制电路单元200包括:As shown in FIG. 6, the control circuit unit 200 includes:
驱动输出端口1,其电性耦接至第一开关101的所述控制端;drive output port 1, which is electrically coupled to the control end of the first switch 101;
驱动输出端口2,其电性耦接至第二开关102的所述控制端;drive output port 2, which is electrically coupled to the control end of the second switch 102;
驱动输出端口3,其电性耦接至半导体无触点开关103的所述控制端;drive output port 3, which is electrically coupled to the control end of semiconductor non-contact switch 103;
电压采样输入端口1,其电性耦接至第一电池正极端口131和第一电池负极端口132;Voltage sampling input port 1, which is electrically coupled to the first battery positive terminal 131 and the first battery negative terminal 132;
电压采样输入端口2,其电性耦接至第二电池正极端口133和第二电池负极端口134;The voltage sampling input port 2 is electrically coupled to the second battery positive port 133 and the second battery negative port 134;
电流采样输入端口,其电性耦接至第一电流检测装置404的输出端口,第一电流检测装置404检测第一电池正极端口131或者第二电池负极端口134与电机控制器600之间的电流;以及The current sampling input port is electrically coupled to the output port of the first current detection device 404, and the first current detection device 404 detects the current between the first battery positive port 131 or the second battery negative port 134 and the motor controller 600 ;as well as
通讯端口,其通过外部的通信总线接收包括电机700的实际当前转速和串并联切换指令的信息,并且所述两个电池模组串并联切换的过程状态及切换完成的结果状态经由所述通讯端口输出到所述通信总线上。A communication port, which receives information including the actual current speed of the motor 700 and a series-parallel switching command through an external communication bus, and the process status of the series-parallel switching of the two battery modules and the result status of the switching are passed through the communication port output onto the communication bus.
进一步的一种实施例,如图6所示,在主电路100和电路控制单元200的基础上,还包括:A further embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6 , on the basis of the main circuit 100 and the circuit control unit 200, further includes:
第一电池模组301,第一电池模组的正极电性耦接至第一电池正极端口131, 第一电池模组301的负极电性耦接至第一电池负极端口132;The first battery module 301, the positive pole of the first battery module is electrically coupled to the first battery positive port 131, and the negative pole of the first battery module 301 is electrically coupled to the first battery negative port 132;
第二电池模组302,第二电池模组302的正极电性耦接至第二电池正极端口133, 第二电池模组的负极电性耦接至第二电池负极端口134;The second battery module 302, the positive pole of the second battery module 302 is electrically coupled to the second battery positive terminal 133, and the negative pole of the second battery module is electrically coupled to the second battery negative terminal 134;
第一电感501,其包括所述正极电源线的自感,第一电感501电性耦接于第一电池正极端口131与电机控制器600的直流母线支撑电容601的正极之间;The first inductance 501 includes the self-inductance of the positive power line, and the first inductance 501 is electrically coupled between the positive terminal 131 of the first battery and the positive pole of the DC bus support capacitor 601 of the motor controller 600;
第二电感502,其包括所述负极电源线的自感,第二电感502电性耦接于第二电池负极端口134与电机控制器600的直流母线支撑电容601的负极之间;The second inductance 502 includes the self-inductance of the negative power line, and the second inductance 502 is electrically coupled between the negative terminal 134 of the second battery and the negative pole of the DC bus support capacitor 601 of the motor controller 600 ;
第四电容601,其为电机控制器600的直流母线支撑电容601,电机控制器600将所述两个电池模组的直流电逆变为多相交流电驱动所述电机,第四电容601的正极经由第一电感501电性耦接至第一电池模组301的正极,第四电容601的负极经由第二电感502电性耦接至第二电池模组302的负极;以及The fourth capacitor 601 is the DC bus support capacitor 601 of the motor controller 600. The motor controller 600 inverts the DC power of the two battery modules into multi-phase AC power to drive the motor. The positive pole of the fourth capacitor 601 passes through The first inductor 501 is electrically coupled to the positive pole of the first battery module 301 , the negative pole of the fourth capacitor 601 is electrically coupled to the negative pole of the second battery module 302 via the second inductor 502 ; and
第一电流检测装置404,第一电流检测装置404检测第一电池正极端口131或者第二电池负极端口134与电机控制器600之间的电流。The first current detection device 404 , the first current detection device 404 detects the current between the first battery positive terminal 131 or the second battery negative terminal 134 and the motor controller 600 .
进一步的一种实施例,如图7所示,进一步包括:A further embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, further includes:
第三电感503,其电性耦接于第一电池正极端口131与第四电容601的正极之间,且与第一电感501串联电性耦接,或者第三电感503电性耦接于第二电池负极端口134与第四电容601的负极之间,且与第二电感502串联电性耦接。The third inductor 503 is electrically coupled between the positive terminal of the first battery 131 and the positive electrode of the fourth capacitor 601, and is electrically coupled in series with the first inductor 501, or the third inductor 503 is electrically coupled to the first inductor 503. The negative terminal 134 of the second battery is electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the fourth capacitor 601 and in series with the second inductor 502 .
虽然已经参考说明性实施例对本发明进行了描述,但是该描述并非意在以限制的含义来理解。While this invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense.
工业实用性Industrial Applicability
说明性实施例的各种修改和组合以及本发明的其它实施例用于工业上的实现方法及使用方法在参考该描述时对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention for industrial implementation and use, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reference to the description.

Claims (21)

  1. 一种电路,包括:A circuit comprising:
    主电路,其用于两个电池模组串并联切换,所述两个电池模组包括第一电池模组和第二电池模组,每个所述电池模组各有一个正极和一个负极,所述两个电池模组可由所述主电路配置为串联连接或并联连接,所述两个电池模组串联或并联后的正极和负极经由主正继电器、主负继电器、熔断器、正极电源线以及负极电源线电性耦接至包括电机控制器和电机的电驱动系统进行能量传递,所述主电路包括:The main circuit is used for series-parallel switching of two battery modules, the two battery modules include a first battery module and a second battery module, and each of the battery modules has a positive pole and a negative pole, The two battery modules can be configured to be connected in series or in parallel by the main circuit, and the positive and negative poles of the two battery modules connected in series or in parallel are connected through the main positive relay, the main negative relay, the fuse, and the positive power line. And the negative power supply line is electrically coupled to an electric drive system including a motor controller and a motor for energy transfer, and the main circuit includes:
    第一电池正极端口,其电性耦接至所述第一电池模组的正极;a positive terminal of the first battery, which is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the first battery module;
    第一电池负极端口,其电性耦接至所述第一电池模组的负极;a first battery negative terminal electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the first battery module;
    第二电池正极端口,其电性耦接至所述第二电池模组的正极;a second battery positive terminal electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the second battery module;
    第二电池负极端口,其电性耦接至所述第二电池模组的负极;a second battery negative terminal electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the second battery module;
    第一开关,其具有第一端、第二端和至少一个控制端,所述第一开关的第一端和所述第一开关的第二端电性耦接于所述第一电池正极端口与所述第二电池正极端口之间,所述第一开关的控制端可配置所述第一开关为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态;以及A first switch, which has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the first switch and the second terminal of the first switch are electrically coupled to the positive port of the first battery Between the positive terminal of the second battery, the control terminal of the first switch can configure the first switch to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state; and
    第二开关,其具有第一端、第二端和至少一个控制端,所述第二开关的第一端和所述第二开关的第二端电性耦接于所述第二电池负极端口与所述第一电池负极端口之间,所述第二开关的控制端可配置所述第二开关为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态;A second switch, which has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the second switch and the second terminal of the second switch are electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the second battery Between the negative terminal of the first battery, the control terminal of the second switch can configure the second switch to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state;
    其特征在于,所述主电路还包括:It is characterized in that the main circuit also includes:
    二极管,其电性耦接于所述第一电池正极端口与所述第二电池负极端口之间,所述二极管阴极电性耦接至所述第一电池正极端口,所述二极管阳极电性耦接至所述第二电池负极端口;和a diode, which is electrically coupled between the positive port of the first battery and the negative port of the second battery, the cathode of the diode is electrically coupled to the positive port of the first battery, and the anode of the diode is electrically coupled connected to the negative terminal of the second battery; and
    半导体无触点开关,其具有第一端、第二端和至少一个控制端,所述半导体无触点开关的第一端和所述半导体无触点开关的第二端电性耦接于所述第一电池负极端口与所述第二电池正极端口之间,所述半导体无触点开关包括一个晶体管或多个串联或并联的晶体管,所述半导体无触点开关的控制端可配置所述半导体无触点开关为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态。A semiconductor non-contact switch, which has a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch and the second terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch are electrically coupled to the Between the negative terminal of the first battery and the positive terminal of the second battery, the semiconductor non-contact switch includes a transistor or a plurality of transistors connected in series or in parallel, and the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch can be configured with the The semiconductor non-contact switch is in a bidirectional current conduction state or a bidirectional current blocking state.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电路,其特征在于,所述主电路的所述半导体无触点开关包括一个金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管或多个串联或并联的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管,所述金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管至少包括N沟道碳化硅基金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管。The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor non-contact switch of the main circuit comprises a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor or a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors connected in series or in parallel, so The metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors include at least N-channel silicon carbide-based metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电路,其特征在于,所述主电路的所述半导体无触点开关包括一个绝缘栅双极性晶体管或多个串联或并联的绝缘栅双极性晶体管。The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor non-contact switch of the main circuit comprises an IGBT or a plurality of IGBTs connected in series or in parallel.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电路,其特征在于,所述主电路的所述二极管由一个晶体管或多个串联或并联的晶体管替代,并实现所述二极管的功能。The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the diode of the main circuit is replaced by a transistor or a plurality of transistors connected in series or in parallel, and realize the function of the diode.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电路,其特征在于,所述主电路的所述第一开关和所述第二开关均为继电器或接触器。The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first switch and the second switch of the main circuit are both relays or contactors.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电路,其特征在于,所述继电器或接触器具有主触点开闭状态检测和状态反馈输出功能,以及对应的所述状态反馈输出端口。The circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that the relay or contactor has the functions of main contact opening and closing state detection and state feedback output, and the corresponding state feedback output port.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电路,其特征在于,所述主电路的所述第一开关和所述第二开关均为无触点开关,所述无触点开关包括一个晶体管或多个串联或并联的晶体管,所述无触点开关的控制端可配置所述无触点开关为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态。The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first switch and the second switch of the main circuit are non-contact switches, and the non-contact switches include a transistor or a plurality of series or Transistors connected in parallel, the control terminal of the non-contact switch can configure the non-contact switch to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电路,其特征在于,所述主电路由一个功率模块实现,所述功率模块包括:The circuit according to claim 7, wherein the main circuit is implemented by a power module, and the power module includes:
    多个功率端子,所述多个功率端子包括所述主电路的所述第一电池正极端口端子、所述第一电池负极端口端子、所述第二电池正极端口端子以及所述第二电池负极端口端子;多个裸芯片组,其集成在所述功率模块内部,所述多个裸芯片组包括所述主电路的所述第一开关裸芯片组、所述第二开关裸芯片组、所述二极管裸芯片组以及所述半导体无触点开关裸芯片组,所述多个裸芯片组按所述主电路的电性耦接关系与所述多个功率端子电性耦接,所述裸芯片组包括一个裸芯片或多个串联或并联的裸芯片;以及a plurality of power terminals, the plurality of power terminals including the first battery positive port terminal, the first battery negative port terminal, the second battery positive port terminal, and the second battery negative port terminal of the main circuit a port terminal; a plurality of bare chip groups integrated inside the power module, the plurality of bare chip groups including the first switch bare chip group, the second switch bare chip group, the The diode bare chip group and the semiconductor non-contact switch bare chip group, the plurality of bare chip groups are electrically coupled to the plurality of power terminals according to the electrical coupling relationship of the main circuit, the bare The chipset includes a single die or multiple die connected in series or in parallel; and
    多个门极驱动端子,其包括所述第一开关的至少一个驱动端子、所述第二开关的至少一个驱动端子以及所述半导体无触点开关的至少一个驱动端子。A plurality of gate drive terminals including at least one drive terminal of the first switch, at least one drive terminal of the second switch, and at least one drive terminal of the semiconductor contactless switch.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电路,其特征在于,The circuit of claim 8, wherein
    所述第一开关裸芯片组包括一个金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片或多个串联或并联的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片,或者所述第一开关裸芯片组包括一个绝缘栅双极性晶体管裸芯片或多个串联或并联的绝缘栅双极性晶体管裸芯片;The first switch bare chip group includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip or a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chips connected in series or in parallel, or the first switch bare chip group includes an insulated gate double Polarity transistor bare die or multiple series or parallel connection of IGBT bare die;
    所述第二开关裸芯片组包括一个金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片或多个串联或并联的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片,或者所述第二开关裸芯片组包括一个绝缘栅双极性晶体管裸芯片或多个串联或并联的绝缘栅双极性晶体管裸芯片;The second switch bare chip group includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip or a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chips connected in series or in parallel, or the second switch bare chip group includes an insulated gate double Polarity transistor bare die or multiple series or parallel connection of IGBT bare die;
    所述半导体无触点开关裸芯片组包括一个金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片或多个串联或并联的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片,或者所述半导体无触点开关裸芯片组包括一个绝缘栅双极性晶体管裸芯片或多个串联或并联的绝缘栅双极性晶体管裸芯片,所述金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片至少包括N沟道碳化硅基金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管裸芯片。The semiconductor contactless switch bare chip set includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip or a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chips connected in series or in parallel, or the semiconductor contactless switch bare chip set includes One IGBT bare chip or a plurality of IGBT bare chips connected in series or in parallel, said metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor bare chip at least including N-channel silicon carbide based metal oxide semiconductor field effect Transistor bare chip.
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电路,其特征在于,所述功率模块进一步包括:The circuit according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the power module further comprises:
    基板,其包括顶面金属导电层、绝缘层以及底面金属传热层,所述顶面金属导电层与所述多个裸芯片组焊接;A substrate, which includes a top metal conductive layer, an insulating layer, and a bottom metal heat transfer layer, the top metal conductive layer is welded to the plurality of bare chip groups;
    散热金属板,其用于将所述多个裸芯片组产生的热量传递到所述功率模块外,所述散热金属板的一面与所述基板的底面金属传热层焊接;A heat dissipation metal plate, which is used to transfer the heat generated by the plurality of bare chip groups to the outside of the power module, and one side of the heat dissipation metal plate is welded to the metal heat transfer layer on the bottom surface of the substrate;
    壳体,其用于固定或连接所述散热金属板、所述多个功率端子、所述多个门级驱动端子。The casing is used for fixing or connecting the heat dissipation metal plate, the plurality of power terminals, and the plurality of gate-level drive terminals.
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的电路,其特征在于,进一步包括第一电容单元和第二电容单元,所述第一电容单元电性耦接于所述第一电池正极端口与所述第一电池负极端口之间,所述第二电容电性耦接于所述第二电池正极端口与所述第二电池负极端口之间,所述电容单元至少包括一个电容。The circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a first capacitor unit and a second capacitor unit, the first capacitor unit is electrically coupled to the positive port of the first battery and the Between the first battery negative terminal, the second capacitor is electrically coupled between the second battery positive terminal and the second battery negative terminal, and the capacitor unit includes at least one capacitor.
  12. 根据权利要求1至11任一项所述的电路,其特征在于,进一步包括第三电容单元,所述第三电容单元电性耦接于所述第一电池负极端口与所述第二电池正极端口之间,所述第三电容单元至少包括一个电容。The circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a third capacitor unit, the third capacitor unit is electrically coupled to the negative port of the first battery and the positive terminal of the second battery Between ports, the third capacitor unit includes at least one capacitor.
  13. 根据权利要求1至12任一项所述的电路,其特征在于,进一步包括控制电路单元,所述控制电路单元所实现的功能包括:The circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising a control circuit unit, the functions realized by the control circuit unit include:
    提供所述主电路所需的驱动输出;providing the drive output required by the main circuit;
    电压采样监测,其包括所述第一电池正极端口与所述第一电池负极端口之间的电压采样监测、所述第二电池正极端口与所述第二电池负极端口之间的电压采样监测、所述第一电池正极端口与所述第二电池负极端口之间的电压采样监测;Voltage sampling monitoring, which includes voltage sampling monitoring between the first battery positive port and the first battery negative port, voltage sampling monitoring between the second battery positive port and the second battery negative port, Sampling and monitoring the voltage between the positive terminal of the first battery and the negative terminal of the second battery;
    电流采样监测,其包括所述第一电池正极端口或者所述第二电池负极端口与所述电机控制器之间的电流采样监测,current sampling monitoring, which includes current sampling monitoring between the positive port of the first battery or the negative port of the second battery and the motor controller,
    开关状态采样监测,其包括所述第一开关的开关状态采样监测、所述第二开关的开关状态采样监测以及所述半导体无触点开关的开关状态采样监测;以及Switch state sampling monitoring, which includes switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch, switching state sampling monitoring of the second switch, and switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch; and
    接收包括所述电机的实际当前转速和串并联切换指令的信息,并且基于所述电压采样监测的各电压值和所述开关状态采样监测的各开关状态,做出所述两个电池模组配置为串联或并联的选择,并输出对应的所述驱动输出信号到所述主电路;receiving information including the actual current speed of the motor and a series-parallel switching instruction, and making configurations of the two battery modules based on the voltage values monitored by the voltage sampling and the switch states monitored by the switch state sampling For the selection of series or parallel connection, and output the corresponding driving output signal to the main circuit;
    所述控制电路单元包括:The control circuit unit includes:
    驱动输出端口1,其电性耦接至所述第一开关的所述控制端;drive output port 1, which is electrically coupled to the control end of the first switch;
    驱动输出端口2,其电性耦接至所述第二开关的所述控制端;drive output port 2, which is electrically coupled to the control end of the second switch;
    驱动输出端口3,其电性耦接至所述半导体无触点开关的所述控制端;drive output port 3, which is electrically coupled to the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch;
    电压采样输入端口1,其电性耦接至所述第一电池正极端口和所述第一电池负极端口;a voltage sampling input port 1, which is electrically coupled to the positive port of the first battery and the negative port of the first battery;
    电压采样输入端口2,其电性耦接至所述第二电池正极端口和所述第二电池负极端口;a voltage sampling input port 2, which is electrically coupled to the positive port of the second battery and the negative port of the second battery;
    电流采样输入端口,其电性耦接至电流检测装置的输出端口,所述电流检测装置检测所述第一电池正极端口或者所述第二电池负极端口与所述电机控制器之间的电流;以及The current sampling input port is electrically coupled to the output port of the current detection device, and the current detection device detects the current between the first battery positive port or the second battery negative port and the motor controller; as well as
    通讯端口,其通过外部的通信总线接收包括所述电机的实际当前转速和串并联切换指令的信息,并且所述两个电池模组串并联切换的过程状态及切换完成的结果状态经由所述通讯端口输出到所述通信总线上。A communication port, which receives information including the actual current speed of the motor and a series-parallel switching command through an external communication bus, and the process status of the series-parallel switching of the two battery modules and the result status of the switching completion are passed through the communication port. port output onto the communication bus.
  14. 根据权利要求1至13任一项所述的电路,其特征在于,进一步包括:The circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising:
    第一电池模组,其为所述第一电池模组, 所述第一电池模组的正极电性耦接至所述第一电池正极端口, 所述第一电池模组的负极电性耦接至所述第一电池负极端口;A first battery module, which is the first battery module, the positive pole of the first battery module is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the first battery, and the negative pole of the first battery module is electrically coupled connected to the negative terminal of the first battery;
    第二电池模组,其为所述第二电池模组, 所述第二电池模组的正极电性耦接至所述第二电池正极端口, 所述第二电池模组的负极电性耦接至所述第二电池负极端口;A second battery module, which is the second battery module, the positive pole of the second battery module is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the second battery, and the negative pole of the second battery module is electrically coupled connected to the negative terminal of the second battery;
    第一电感,其包括所述正极电源线的自感,所述第一电感电性耦接于所述第一电池正极端口与所述电机控制器的直流母线支撑电容的正极之间;a first inductance, which includes the self-inductance of the positive power supply line, and the first inductance is electrically coupled between the positive terminal of the first battery and the positive pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller;
    第二电感,其包括所述负极电源线的自感,所述第二电感电性耦接于所述第二电池负极端口与所述电机控制器的所述直流母线支撑电容的负极之间;a second inductance, which includes the self-inductance of the negative power supply line, the second inductance is electrically coupled between the negative terminal of the second battery and the negative pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller;
    第四电容,其为所述电机控制器的所述直流母线支撑电容,所述电机控制器将所述两个电池模组的直流电逆变为多相交流电驱动所述电机,所述第四电容的正极经由所述第一电感电性耦接至所述第一电池模组的正极,所述第四电容的负极经由所述第二电感电性耦接至所述第二电池模组的负极;以及The fourth capacitor is the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller. The motor controller inverts the DC power of the two battery modules into multi-phase AC power to drive the motor. The fourth capacitor The positive pole of the fourth capacitor is electrically coupled to the positive pole of the first battery module via the first inductor, and the negative pole of the fourth capacitor is electrically coupled to the negative pole of the second battery module via the second inductor. ;as well as
    第一电流检测装置,所述第一电流检测装置检测所述第一电池正极端口或者所述第二电池负极端口与所述电机控制器之间的电流。A first current detection device, the first current detection device detects the current between the positive terminal of the first battery or the negative terminal of the second battery and the motor controller.
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电路,其特征在于,进一步包括:The circuit of claim 14, further comprising:
    第三电感,其电性耦接于所述第一电池正极端口与所述第四电容的正极之间,且与所述第一电感串联电性耦接,或者所述第三电感电性耦接于所述第二电池负极端口与所述第四电容的负极之间,且与所述第二电感串联电性耦接。The third inductor is electrically coupled between the positive terminal of the first battery and the positive terminal of the fourth capacitor, and is electrically coupled in series with the first inductor, or the third inductor is electrically coupled connected between the negative terminal of the second battery and the negative terminal of the fourth capacitor, and electrically coupled in series with the second inductor.
  16. 一种电力推进系统,包括:An electric propulsion system comprising:
    权利要求1至15任一项的所述电路;The circuit of any one of claims 1 to 15;
    电机,其被配置为向其机械负载施加扭矩;an electric motor configured to apply torque to its mechanical load;
    电机控制器,其连接到所述电机,所述电机控制器的直流母线支撑电容正极电性耦接至所述第一电池正极端口,所述电机控制器的直流母线支撑电容负极电性耦接至所述第二电池负极端口;A motor controller, which is connected to the motor, the positive pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the first battery, and the negative pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller is electrically coupled to to the negative terminal of the second battery;
    通信总线,所述电机控制器和所述电路通过所述通信总线连接进行信息交互。A communication bus, the motor controller and the circuit are connected through the communication bus for information exchange.
  17. 一种车辆,包括权利要求16所述的电力推进系统,所述电机控制器的并联状态支撑电容电压和串联状态支撑电容电压为第一关联配置或第二关联配置;所述并联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在并联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的所述主正继电器和所述主负继电器、所述熔断器、所述正极电源线及所述负极电源线在所述第四电容上的稳态电压值;所述串联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在串联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的所述主正继电器和所述主负继电器、所述熔断器、所述正极电源线及所述负极电源线在所述第四电容上的稳态电压值;A vehicle, comprising the electric propulsion system according to claim 16, the parallel state support capacitor voltage and the series state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller are the first associated configuration or the second associated configuration; the parallel state support capacitor voltage The output current of the two battery modules in the parallel connection state passes through the closed main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, the positive power line and the negative power line in the The steady-state voltage value on the fourth capacitor; the series state support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the series connection state via the closed main positive relay and the main negative relay, the The steady-state voltage values of the fuse, the positive power supply line and the negative power supply line on the fourth capacitor;
    所述第一关联配置为所述电机控制器的并联状态支撑电容电压为至少250V至450V,并且所述电机控制器的串联状态支撑电容电压为至少500V至900V;The first association configuration is that the parallel state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller is at least 250V to 450V, and the series state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller is at least 500V to 900V;
    所述第二关联配置为所述电机控制器的并联状态支撑电容电压为至少125V至225V,并且所述电机控制器的串联状态支撑电容电压为至少250V至450V。The second association configuration is that the parallel state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller is at least 125V to 225V, and the series state support capacitor voltage of the motor controller is at least 250V to 450V.
  18. 一种操作电路的方法,所述电路包括主电路,所述主电路用于两个电池模组串并联切换,所述两个电池模组包括第一电池模组和第二电池模组,每个所述电池模组各有一个正极和一个负极,所述两个电池模组可由所述主电路配置为串联连接或并联连接,所述两个电池模组串联或并联后的正极和负极经由主正继电器、主负继电器、熔断器、正极电源线以及负极电源线电性耦接至包括电机控制器和电机的电驱动系统进行能量传递,所述主电路包括:电性耦接至所述第一电池模组的正极的第一电池正极端口;电性耦接至所述第一电池模组的负极的第一电池负极端口;电性耦接至所述第二电池模组的正极的第二电池正极端口;电性耦接至所述第二电池模组的负极的第二电池负极端口;具有第一端、第二端和至少一个控制端的第一开关,所述第一开关的第一端和所述第一开关的第二端电性耦接于所述第一电池正极端口与所述第二电池正极端口之间,所述第一开关的控制端可配置所述第一开关为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态;具有第一端、第二端和至少一个控制端的第二开关,所述第二开关的第一端和所述第二开关的第二端电性耦接于所述第二电池负极端口与所述第一电池负极端口之间,所述第二开关的控制端可配置所述第二开关为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态;电性耦接于所述第一电池正极端口与所述第二电池负极端口之间的二极管,所述二极管阴极电性耦接至所述第一电池正极端口,所述二极管阳极电性耦接至所述第二电池负极端口;以及具有第一端、第二端和至少一个控制端的半导体无触点开关,所述半导体无触点开关的第一端和所述半导体无触点开关的第二端电性耦接于所述第一电池负极端口与所述第二电池正极端口之间,所述半导体无触点开关包括一个晶体管或多个串联或并联的晶体管,所述半导体无触点开关的控制端可配置所述半导体无触点开关为双向电流导通状态或双向电流阻断状态,A method of operating a circuit, the circuit includes a main circuit, and the main circuit is used for switching between series and parallel of two battery modules, the two battery modules include a first battery module and a second battery module, each Each of the battery modules has a positive pole and a negative pole, and the two battery modules can be configured to be connected in series or in parallel by the main circuit, and the positive and negative poles of the two battery modules connected in series or in parallel are connected via The main positive relay, the main negative relay, the fuse, the positive power line and the negative power line are electrically coupled to the electric drive system including the motor controller and the motor for energy transfer, and the main circuit includes: electrically coupled to the The first battery positive port of the positive pole of the first battery module; the first battery negative port electrically coupled to the negative pole of the first battery module; the first battery negative port electrically coupled to the positive pole of the second battery module The second battery positive terminal; the second battery negative terminal electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the second battery module; a first switch having a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, and the first switch has a first terminal The first end and the second end of the first switch are electrically coupled between the first battery positive port and the second battery positive port, and the control end of the first switch can configure the first The switch is in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state; a second switch having a first end, a second end and at least one control end, the first end of the second switch and the second end of the second switch Electrically coupled between the negative port of the second battery and the negative port of the first battery, the control terminal of the second switch can configure the second switch to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state a diode electrically coupled between the positive port of the first battery and the negative port of the second battery, the cathode of the diode is electrically coupled to the positive port of the first battery, and the anode of the diode is electrically coupled connected to the negative port of the second battery; and a semiconductor non-contact switch having a first terminal, a second terminal and at least one control terminal, the first terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch and the semiconductor non-contact switch The second terminal is electrically coupled between the negative terminal of the first battery and the positive terminal of the second battery. The semiconductor non-contact switch includes a transistor or a plurality of transistors connected in series or in parallel. The semiconductor non-contact switch The control terminal of the point switch can configure the semiconductor non-contact switch to be in a bidirectional current conducting state or a bidirectional current blocking state,
    所述电路进一步包括控制电路单元,所述控制电路单元所实现的功能包括:The circuit further includes a control circuit unit, and the functions realized by the control circuit unit include:
    提供所述主电路所需的驱动输出;providing the drive output required by the main circuit;
    电压采样监测,其包括所述第一电池正极端口与所述第一电池负极端口之间的电压采样监测、所述第二电池正极端口与所述第二电池负极端口之间的电压采样监测、所述第一电池正极端口与所述第二电池负极端口之间的电压采样监测;Voltage sampling monitoring, which includes voltage sampling monitoring between the first battery positive port and the first battery negative port, voltage sampling monitoring between the second battery positive port and the second battery negative port, Sampling and monitoring the voltage between the positive terminal of the first battery and the negative terminal of the second battery;
    电流采样监测,其包括所述第一电池正极端口或者所述第二电池负极端口与所述电机控制器之间的电流采样监测,current sampling monitoring, which includes current sampling monitoring between the positive port of the first battery or the negative port of the second battery and the motor controller,
    开关状态采样监测,其包括所述第一开关的开关状态采样监测、所述第二开关的开关状态采样监测以及所述半导体无触点开关的开关状态采样监测;以及Switch state sampling monitoring, which includes switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch, switching state sampling monitoring of the second switch, and switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch; and
    接收包括所述电机的实际当前转速和串并联切换指令的信息,并且基于所述电压采样监测的各电压值和所述开关状态采样监测的各开关状态,做出所述两个电池模组配置为串联或并联的选择,并输出对应的所述驱动输出信号到所述主电路;receiving information including the actual current speed of the motor and a series-parallel switching instruction, and making configurations of the two battery modules based on the voltage values monitored by the voltage sampling and the switch states monitored by the switch state sampling For the selection of series or parallel connection, and output the corresponding driving output signal to the main circuit;
    所述控制电路单元包括:The control circuit unit includes:
    驱动输出端口1,其电性耦接至所述第一开关的所述控制端;drive output port 1, which is electrically coupled to the control end of the first switch;
    驱动输出端口2,其电性耦接至所述第二开关的所述控制端;drive output port 2, which is electrically coupled to the control end of the second switch;
    驱动输出端口3,其电性耦接至所述半导体无触点开关的所述控制端;drive output port 3, which is electrically coupled to the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch;
    电压采样输入端口1,其电性耦接至所述第一电池正极端口和所述第一电池负极端口;a voltage sampling input port 1, which is electrically coupled to the positive port of the first battery and the negative port of the first battery;
    电压采样输入端口2,其电性耦接至所述第二电池正极端口和所述第二电池负极端口;a voltage sampling input port 2, which is electrically coupled to the positive port of the second battery and the negative port of the second battery;
    电流采样输入端口,其电性耦接至电流检测装置的输出端口,所述电流检测装置检测所述第一电池正极端口或者所述第二电池负极端口与所述电机控制器之间的电流;以及The current sampling input port is electrically coupled to the output port of the current detection device, and the current detection device detects the current between the first battery positive port or the second battery negative port and the motor controller; as well as
    通讯端口,其通过外部的通信总线接收包括所述电机的实际当前转速和串并联切换指令的信息,并且所述两个电池模组串并联切换的过程状态及切换完成的结果状态经由所述通讯端口输出到所述通信总线上;A communication port, which receives information including the actual current speed of the motor and a series-parallel switching command through an external communication bus, and the process status of the series-parallel switching of the two battery modules and the result status of the switching completion are passed through the communication port. port output onto said communication bus;
    所述电路进一步包括:The circuit further includes:
    第一电池模组,其为所述第一电池模组, 所述第一电池模组的正极电性耦接至所述第一电池正极端口, 所述第一电池模组的负极电性耦接至所述第一电池负极端口;A first battery module, which is the first battery module, the positive pole of the first battery module is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the first battery, and the negative pole of the first battery module is electrically coupled connected to the negative terminal of the first battery;
    第二电池模组,其为所述第二电池模组, 所述第二电池模组的正极电性耦接至所述第二电池正极端口, 所述第二电池模组的负极电性耦接至所述第二电池负极端口;A second battery module, which is the second battery module, the positive pole of the second battery module is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of the second battery, and the negative pole of the second battery module is electrically coupled connected to the negative terminal of the second battery;
    第一电感,其包括所述正极电源线的自感,所述第一电感电性耦接于所述第一电池正极端口与所述电机控制器的直流母线支撑电容的正极之间;a first inductance, which includes the self-inductance of the positive power supply line, and the first inductance is electrically coupled between the positive terminal of the first battery and the positive pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller;
    第二电感,其包括所述负极电源线的自感,所述第二电感电性耦接于所述第二电池负极端口与所述电机控制器的所述直流母线支撑电容的负极之间;a second inductance, which includes the self-inductance of the negative power supply line, the second inductance is electrically coupled between the negative terminal of the second battery and the negative pole of the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller;
    第四电容,其为所述电机控制器的所述直流母线支撑电容,所述电机控制器将所述两个电池模组的直流电逆变为多相交流电驱动所述电机,所述第四电容的正极经由所述第一电感电性耦接至所述第一电池模组的正极,所述第四电容的负极经由所述第二电感电性耦接至所述第二电池模组的负极;以及The fourth capacitor is the DC bus support capacitor of the motor controller. The motor controller inverts the DC power of the two battery modules into multi-phase AC power to drive the motor. The fourth capacitor The positive pole of the fourth capacitor is electrically coupled to the positive pole of the first battery module via the first inductor, and the negative pole of the fourth capacitor is electrically coupled to the negative pole of the second battery module via the second inductor. ;as well as
    第一电流检测装置,所述第一电流检测装置检测所述第一电池正极端口或者所述第二电池负极端口与所述电机控制器之间的电流;a first current detection device, the first current detection device detects the current between the positive terminal of the first battery or the negative terminal of the second battery and the motor controller;
    所述方法实现的功能包括当所述电驱动系统工作在所述电机输出正机械功率状态时通过所述方法可实现所述两个电池模组串并联切换时所述电机输出正机械功率不中断,所述电机输出正机械功率状态的表现为所述正极电源线上的电流方向是从所述第一电池正极端口流向所述电机控制器,所述方法包括:The functions realized by the method include that when the electric drive system is working in the state of the motor outputting positive mechanical power, the method can realize the switching between the series and parallel of the two battery modules without interruption of the motor outputting positive mechanical power , the state of the motor outputting positive mechanical power is represented by the current direction on the positive power supply line flowing from the positive port of the first battery to the motor controller, the method comprising:
    操作所述电路将所述两个电池模组由并联连接切换为串联连接或由串联连接切换为并联连接的整个过程及开始时刻选择在非能量回馈状态,并且在切换过程中需控制所述电驱动系统工作在非能量回馈状态,所述非能量回馈状态为所述正极电源线正电流方向时或所述正极电源线零电流时,所述正极电源线正电流方向为所述两个电池模组放电电流由所述第一电池正极端口流向电机控制器,所述正极电源线零电流为所述正极电源线上电流为零,所述切换过程为所述电路串并联切换的所述开始时刻到完成切换的结束时刻的时间段;Operate the circuit to switch the two battery modules from parallel connection to series connection or from series connection to parallel connection. The drive system works in a non-energy feedback state. When the non-energy feedback state is the positive current direction of the positive power line or when the positive power line has zero current, the positive current direction of the positive power line is the direction of the two battery modules. The discharge current of the group flows from the positive terminal of the first battery to the motor controller, the zero current of the positive power supply line means that the current on the positive power supply line is zero, and the switching process is the start moment of the series-parallel switching of the circuit the time period until the end moment of the handover;
    所述两个电池模组由并连连接切换至串联连接的顺序及方法:The sequence and method of switching the two battery modules from parallel connection to series connection:
    第一步,断开所述第一开关和所述第二开关;Step 1, disconnecting the first switch and the second switch;
    第二步,确认所述第一开关和所述第二开关的开关状态采样监测均为阻断状态,并且所述半导体无触点开关的开关状态采样监测为阻断状态;The second step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch and the second switch are both blocking states, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch is blocking state;
    第三步,采用降压脉宽调制方法一升高所述第四电容电压至串联状态支撑电容电压,所述降压脉宽调制方法一是利用所述半导体无触点开关、所述二极管、所述第一电感和所述第二电感以及所述第四电容组成的降压电路,再通过所述半导体无触点开关的控制端控制所述半导体无触点开关交替工作在导通和阻断状态,并逐渐由零升高导通脉宽占空比直至升高所述第四电容电压至所述串联状态支撑电容电压,所述串联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在串联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的所述主正继电器和所述主负继电器、所述熔断器、所述正极电源线及所述负极电源线在所述第四电容上的稳态电压值;The third step is to use the step-down pulse width modulation method to increase the voltage of the fourth capacitor to the supporting capacitor voltage in a series state. The step-down pulse width modulation method is to use the semiconductor non-contact switch, the diode, The step-down circuit composed of the first inductance, the second inductance and the fourth capacitor controls the semiconductor non-contact switch to work alternately in conduction and resistance through the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch. off state, and gradually increase the on-pulse width duty ratio from zero until the fourth capacitor voltage is raised to the support capacitor voltage in the series state, and the support capacitor voltage in the series state is the voltage of the two battery modules in the The steady-state voltage value of the output current in the series connection state on the fourth capacitor through the closed main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, the positive power supply line and the negative power supply line ;
    第四步, 停止所述半导体无触点开关的导通和阻断的交替工作并控制所述半导体无触点开关一直工作在导通状态;The fourth step is to stop the alternate operation of conduction and blocking of the semiconductor non-contact switch and control the semiconductor non-contact switch to always work in the conduction state;
    所述两个电池模组由串联连接切换至并联连接的顺序及方法,其包括所述正极电源线正电流方向时和所述正极电源线零电流时的两种细分方法:The sequence and method of switching the two battery modules from series connection to parallel connection include two subdivision methods when the positive power line is in the positive current direction and when the positive power line is in zero current:
    当所述正极电源线正电流方向时,所述两个电池模组由串联连接切换至并联连接的顺序及方法:When the positive power line is in the positive current direction, the order and method of switching the two battery modules from series connection to parallel connection:
    第一步,采用降压脉宽调制方法二延缓所述第四电容电压降低的速度,并朝着并联状态支撑电容电压逐渐降低所述第四电容电压,所述降压脉宽调制方法二是利用所述半导体无触点开关、所述二极管、所述第一电感和所述第二电感以及所述第四电容组成的降压电路,再通过所述半导体无触点开关的控制端控制所述半导体无触点开关交替工作在导通和阻断状态,并由最大的导通脉宽占空比逐渐降低导通脉宽占空比,进而降低所述第四电容电压,所述并联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在并联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的所述主正继电器和所述主负继电器、所述熔断器、所述正极电源线及所述负极电源线在所述第四电容上的稳态电压值;In the first step, adopt step-down pulse width modulation method 2 to slow down the reduction speed of the fourth capacitor voltage, and gradually reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor toward the parallel state to support the capacitor voltage, the step-down pulse width modulation method 2 is Utilize the step-down circuit composed of the semiconductor non-contact switch, the diode, the first inductance, the second inductance and the fourth capacitor, and then control the The semiconductor non-contact switch works alternately in the conduction and blocking states, and gradually reduces the conduction pulse width duty cycle from the maximum conduction pulse width duty cycle, thereby reducing the voltage of the fourth capacitor, and the parallel state The supporting capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules connected in parallel through the closed main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, the positive power line and the negative power line A steady-state voltage value on the fourth capacitor;
    第二步,当电容电池电压差达到预设范围内时,控制所述半导体无触点开关为一直阻断状态,所述电容电池电压差为所述第四电容电压和高电压电池模组电压的差值,所述高电压电池模组电压为所述第一电池模组电压和所述第二电池模组电压中电压高的电池模组电压;In the second step, when the voltage difference between the capacitor and the battery reaches a preset range, the semiconductor non-contact switch is controlled to be in a constant blocking state, and the voltage difference between the capacitor and the battery is equal to the voltage of the fourth capacitor and the voltage of the high-voltage battery module The difference between the high-voltage battery module voltage is the battery module voltage with the highest voltage among the first battery module voltage and the second battery module voltage;
    第三步,确认所述半导体无触点开关的开关状态采样监测为阻断状态,并且所述第一开关和所述第二开关的开关状态采样监测均为阻断状态;The third step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch is a blocking state, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch and the second switch are both blocking states;
    第四步,闭合高电压电池模组的对应开关,所述高电压电池模组为所述第一电池模组电压和所述第二电池模组电压中电压高的电池模组,所述对应开关为所述电池模组供电输出所需闭合的一个开关,所述第一电池模组的所述对应开关是所述第二开关,所述第二电池模组的所述对应开关是所述第一开关;The fourth step is to close the corresponding switch of the high-voltage battery module. The high-voltage battery module is the battery module with the highest voltage among the voltage of the first battery module and the voltage of the second battery module. The switch is a switch that needs to be closed for the power supply output of the battery module, the corresponding switch of the first battery module is the second switch, and the corresponding switch of the second battery module is the first switch;
    第五步,当第一第二电池电压差达到预设的范围内时,再闭合低电压电池模组的所述对应开关,所述第一第二电池电压差为所述第一电池模组电压和所述第二电池模组电压的差值,所述低电压电池模组为所述第一电池模组电压和所述第二电池模组电压中电压低的电池模组;The fifth step is to close the corresponding switch of the low-voltage battery module when the voltage difference between the first and second batteries reaches a preset range, and the voltage difference between the first and second batteries is the first battery module The difference between the voltage and the voltage of the second battery module, the low-voltage battery module is the battery module with the lowest voltage among the voltage of the first battery module and the voltage of the second battery module;
    当所述正极电源线为零电流时开始所述两个电池模组由串联连接切换至并联连接的顺序及方法:The sequence and method of switching the two battery modules from series connection to parallel connection when the positive power supply line is at zero current:
    第一步,控制所述半导体无触点开关为一直阻断状态;The first step is to control the semiconductor non-contact switch to be in an always-blocking state;
    第二步,采用母线电容主动放电技术降低所述第四电容电压至所述电容电池电压差达到预设范围内,所述母线电容主动放电技术包括操作所述电机控制器内部逆变桥的多个功率器件的导通和阻断使所述第四电容内存储的能量转化为所述功率器件的导通和阻断时的热能或电机绕组的热能,达到降低所述第四电容电压目的的技术;The second step is to use the bus capacitor active discharge technology to reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor until the voltage difference between the capacitor and the battery reaches a preset range. The bus capacitor active discharge technology includes operating multiple inverter bridges inside the motor controller. The conduction and blockage of each power device converts the energy stored in the fourth capacitor into heat energy or heat energy of the motor winding when the power device is turned on and off, so as to reduce the voltage of the fourth capacitor technology;
    第三步,确认所述半导体无触点开关的开关状态采样监测为阻断状态,并且所述第一开关和所述第二开关的开关状态采样监测均为阻断状态;The third step is to confirm that the switching state sampling monitoring of the semiconductor non-contact switch is a blocking state, and the switching state sampling monitoring of the first switch and the second switch are both blocking states;
    第四步,闭合所述高电压电池模组的所述对应开关;The fourth step is to close the corresponding switch of the high-voltage battery module;
    第五步,待所述正极电源线电流为正电流方向时,所述高电压电池模组电压下降,当所述第一第二电池电压差达到预设的范围内时,再闭合所述低电压电池模组的所述对应开关。Step 5: When the current of the positive power supply line is in the positive current direction, the voltage of the high-voltage battery module drops, and when the voltage difference between the first and second batteries reaches a preset range, then close the low-voltage battery module. The corresponding switch of the voltage battery module.
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括对包括所述第三电感的所述电路的操作方法:The method of claim 18, further comprising a method of operating the circuit including the third inductance:
    利用所述半导体无触点开关、所述二极管、所述第三电感以及所述第四电容组成的降压电路,通过所述半导体无触点开关的控制端控制所述半导体无触点开关交替工作在导通和阻断状态,可将所述两个电池模组经过串联连接或并联连接后的输出总电压降压并在所述第四电容上产生连续可调的直流电压提供给所述电驱动系统输出正机械功率,所述输出总电压为所述第一电池正极端口与所述第二电池负极端口之间的电压,所述连续可调的直流电压的变化范围从零到所述输出总电压,并且所述连续可调的直流电压可被控制为所述变化范围内任一电压值。Using the step-down circuit composed of the semiconductor non-contact switch, the diode, the third inductor and the fourth capacitor, the semiconductor non-contact switch is controlled by the control terminal of the semiconductor non-contact switch alternately Working in the conduction and blocking states, the total output voltage of the two battery modules can be stepped down after being connected in series or in parallel, and a continuously adjustable DC voltage can be generated on the fourth capacitor to provide to the The electric drive system outputs positive mechanical power, the total output voltage is the voltage between the positive terminal of the first battery and the negative terminal of the second battery, and the range of the continuously adjustable DC voltage is from zero to the The total voltage is output, and the continuously adjustable DC voltage can be controlled to any voltage value within the variation range.
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括:The method of claim 19, further comprising:
    所述电驱动系统工作在能量回馈状态前,可根据权利要求19的所述方法快速将所述两个电池模组配置为串联连接或并联连接,然后所述电驱动系统进入能量回馈状态,所述能量回馈状态为所述正极电源线上电流从电机控制器流至所述第一电池正极端口。Before the electric drive system works in the energy feedback state, the two battery modules can be quickly configured to be connected in series or in parallel according to the method of claim 19, and then the electric drive system enters the energy feedback state, so The energy feedback state is that the current on the positive power supply line flows from the motor controller to the positive terminal of the first battery.
  21. 一种对权利要求16所述的电力推进系统的操作方法,所述方法包括:A method of operating the electric propulsion system of claim 16, the method comprising:
    所述两个电池模组的串并联切换指令由权利要求16中所述控制电路单元自主智能模式产生或由权利要求16中所述控制电路单元被动接收模式产生,The series-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules is generated by the autonomous intelligent mode of the control circuit unit in claim 16 or by the passive receiving mode of the control circuit unit in claim 16,
    所述自主智能模式:以所述电机实时转速和所述两个电池模组的串并联状态为输入条件,根据转速迟滞比较规则自主智能产生出所述串并联切换指令,所述电机实时转速为通过权利要求16中所述控制电路单元的通讯端口实时接收所述电机的实际当前转速,所述两个电池模组的串并联状态包括串联状态、并联状态以及切换过程中状态,所述转速迟滞比较规则包括:首先,以优化所述电驱动系统的损耗为原则预设两个所述电机转速值N1和转速值N2,所述电机转速值N1和所述电机转速值N2可以根据所述两个电池模组的串并联状态和实时所述第四电容电压动态计算更新,或者根据所述两个电池模组串并联状态预设出固定的所述电机转速值N1和所述电机转速值N2,所述电机转速值N1始终小于所述电机转速值N2;然后,当所述电机实时转速超过了所述电机转速值N2时,并且所述两个电池模组当前为所述并联状态,则自动产生所述两个电池模组当前的并联连接状态切换到串联连接的切换指令,否则维持原串并联状态,当所述电机实时转速低于所述电机转速值N1时,并且所述两个电池模组当前为所述串联状态,则自动产生所述两个电池模组当前的串联连接状态切换到并联连接的切换指令,否则维持原串并联状态;The autonomous intelligent mode: taking the real-time speed of the motor and the series-parallel state of the two battery modules as input conditions, and autonomously and intelligently generating the series-parallel switching command according to the speed hysteresis comparison rule, the real-time speed of the motor is The actual current speed of the motor is received in real time through the communication port of the control circuit unit in claim 16, the series-parallel state of the two battery modules includes a series state, a parallel state, and a state in the process of switching, and the speed is hysteresis The comparison rules include: first, two motor speed values N1 and two speed values N2 are preset based on the principle of optimizing the loss of the electric drive system, and the motor speed value N1 and the motor speed value N2 can be determined according to the two The series-parallel connection state of two battery modules and the dynamic calculation and update of the fourth capacitor voltage in real time, or preset the fixed motor speed value N1 and the motor speed value N2 according to the series-parallel state of the two battery modules. , the motor speed value N1 is always smaller than the motor speed value N2; then, when the real-time speed of the motor exceeds the motor speed value N2, and the two battery modules are currently in the parallel state, then Automatically generate a switching instruction to switch the current parallel connection state of the two battery modules to a series connection, otherwise maintain the original series-parallel state, when the real-time speed of the motor is lower than the motor speed value N1, and the two battery modules When the battery modules are currently in the series connection state, a switching command is automatically generated to switch the current series connection state of the two battery modules to a parallel connection state, otherwise the original series-parallel state is maintained;
    所述被动接收模式:权利要求16中所述控制电路单元的通讯端口通过所述通信总线接收到所述电机控制器发出的所述两个电池模组的串并联切换指令;The passive receiving mode: the communication port of the control circuit unit in claim 16 receives the series-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules sent by the motor controller through the communication bus;
    根据所述两个电池模组的串并联切换指令,所述电力推进系统的所述两个电池模组被配置成串联连接或并联连接,实现所述电力推进系统的所述电机控制器可选择性地工作于串联状态支撑电容电压或并联状态支撑电容电压,进而降低了所述电力推进系统的损耗,同时实现了在所述两个电池模组的串并联切换时所述电力推进系统无功率输出中断的功能,所述串联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在串联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的所述主正继电器和所述主负继电器、所述熔断器、所述正极电源线及所述负极电源线在所述第四电容上的稳态电压值,所述并联状态支撑电容电压为所述两个电池模组在并联连接状态下的输出电流经由闭合的所述主正继电器和所述主负继电器、所述熔断器、所述正极电源线及所述负极电源线在所述第四电容上的稳态电压值。According to the series-parallel switching instruction of the two battery modules, the two battery modules of the electric propulsion system are configured to be connected in series or in parallel, so that the motor controller of the electric propulsion system can select Supporting capacitor voltage in series state or parallel state supporting capacitor voltage, thereby reducing the loss of the electric propulsion system, and at the same time realizing that the electric propulsion system has no power when the two battery modules are switched between series and parallel. The function of output interruption, the series state support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the series connection state through the closed main positive relay and the main negative relay, the fuse, the The steady-state voltage value of the positive power supply line and the negative power supply line on the fourth capacitor, the parallel state support capacitor voltage is the output current of the two battery modules in the parallel connection state through the closed Steady-state voltage values of the main positive relay, the main negative relay, the fuse, the positive power line and the negative power line on the fourth capacitor.
PCT/CN2022/081877 2022-02-22 2022-03-21 Battery series-parallel connection switching main circuit without power output interruption, and system and method WO2023159704A1 (en)

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