WO2023159634A1 - 负极极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池、用电设备及负极极片的制造方法和设备 - Google Patents

负极极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池、用电设备及负极极片的制造方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023159634A1
WO2023159634A1 PCT/CN2022/078471 CN2022078471W WO2023159634A1 WO 2023159634 A1 WO2023159634 A1 WO 2023159634A1 CN 2022078471 W CN2022078471 W CN 2022078471W WO 2023159634 A1 WO2023159634 A1 WO 2023159634A1
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Prior art keywords
foam layer
metal foam
negative electrode
filling
area
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PCT/CN2022/078471
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈宇杰
葛销明
范玉磊
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280032103.9A priority Critical patent/CN117242603A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/078471 priority patent/WO2023159634A1/zh
Publication of WO2023159634A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023159634A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular, to a method and equipment for manufacturing negative pole pieces, electrode assemblies, battery cells, batteries, electrical equipment, and negative pole pieces.
  • metal foam will be used directly as the negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly is easily deformed, which seriously affects the electrochemical performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the present application provides a method and equipment for manufacturing negative electrode sheets, electrode assemblies, battery cells, batteries, electrical equipment, and negative electrode sheets, which can alleviate the problem that electrode assemblies are prone to deformation.
  • the present application provides a negative electrode sheet, comprising a metal foam layer; the part of the metal foam layer is a filling area, and fillers are filled in the pores of the filling area; along the thickness direction of the metal foam layer, the projection of the filler is Configured for at least partial overlap with the projection of the coated region of the positive pole piece.
  • the part of the metal foam layer is configured as a filling area. Since the pores of the filling area are filled with fillers, the filling area has high density and good supporting effect, so that the metal foam layer has better performance. Pressure endurance.
  • the filler in the filling area is configured to be at least partially laminated with the coating area of the positive pole piece.
  • the first example of the first aspect is proposed, along the thickness direction of the metal foam layer, the projection and filling of at least one end of the coating area of the positive electrode sheet in the first direction
  • the projections of the objects overlap; the first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the metal foam layer.
  • the filler is configured to be laminated with the end of the coating area of the positive electrode sheet in the first direction, and the coating area of the positive electrode sheet can be filled in the first direction through the filling area.
  • the end in the direction is supported to ensure that the negative pole piece can better bear the pressure of the coating area of the positive pole piece.
  • the metal foam layer includes a negative electrode body and a negative electrode tab, and the negative electrode body and the negative electrode tab are along the first direction distribution, the opposite ends of the negative electrode body along the first direction have filling areas; the first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the metal foam layer.
  • both ends of the negative electrode body in the first direction have filling areas, so that both ends of the negative electrode body in the first direction can better withstand the pressure of the coating area of the positive electrode sheet.
  • the fillers in the filling areas at both ends of the negative electrode body are convenient to be laminated with the two ends of the coating area of the positive electrode sheet, so that the negative electrode sheet can better withstand the pressure of the coating area of the positive electrode sheet.
  • a third example of the first aspect wherein the filling is continuously arranged along the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the second One direction and the thickness direction of the metal foam layer.
  • the filling is arranged continuously along the second direction, so that the filling has a larger distribution range in the second direction, so that the negative electrode piece can better withstand the pressure of the coating area of the positive electrode piece.
  • the fourth example of the first aspect is proposed.
  • the size of the coating area of the positive pole piece is L1
  • the filler of the single filling area The size of L2, L1 ⁇ L2.
  • the filler is configured so that the size of the filler in the second direction is not lower than the coating area of the positive electrode sheet, so that the filler can be stacked with the coating area of the entire positive electrode sheet in the second direction, ensuring that the negative electrode The sheet can better support the coating area of the entire positive electrode sheet.
  • the size of the filler in the second direction is equal to the size of the metal foam layer in the second direction, that is to say, in the second direction, the filler extends continuously from one end of the metal foam layer to the other.
  • the filler can improve the stretch resistance of the metal foam layer in the second direction, can improve the phenomenon that the negative electrode sheet is deformed by tension, and can further alleviate the problem that the electrode assembly is prone to deformation; on the other hand , the filler has the effect of partitioning, and when the two ends of the negative electrode body in the first direction are provided with filling areas, the fillers at both ends are beneficial to prevent the outer metal particles from entering the inside of the negative electrode body, which can effectively prevent the metal particles from entering the negative electrode body. Particles enter the interior of the negative electrode body, causing problems such as short circuit and thermal failure during subsequent cycles.
  • a sixth example of the first aspect is proposed, in the first direction, the The size of the coating area is M1, and the size of the overlapping area of the projection of the filler of the single filling area along the thickness direction of the metal foam layer and the projection of the coating area of the positive pole piece along the thickness direction of the metal foam layer is M2, M2/ M1 ⁇ 3%.
  • the ratio of the size of the overlapping area of the filler in the single filling area and the coating area of the positive electrode sheet in the first direction to the size of the coating area of the positive electrode sheet is controlled at a standard of ⁇ 3%, ensuring that the negative electrode The pole piece reliably supports the coating area of the positive pole piece.
  • a seventh example of the first aspect is proposed, M2/M1 ⁇ 10%.
  • the ratio of the size of the overlapping area of the filler in the single filling area and the coating area of the positive electrode sheet in the first direction to the size of the coating area of the positive electrode sheet is controlled at ⁇ 10%. While the negative pole piece effectively supports the coated area of the positive pole piece, a large unfilled area in the metal foam layer is reserved for depositing lithium metal, etc., which is conducive to maintaining a high energy density.
  • the metal foam layer includes first edges and second edges distributed along the first direction, and third edges and second edges distributed along the second direction.
  • Four edges; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other and are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the metal foam layer;
  • the filling area includes a first filling area and a second filling area, and the filling of the first filling area extends continuously from the first edge to The second edge, the filling of the second filling area extends continuously from the third edge to the fourth edge.
  • the filling in the first filling area extends continuously from the first edge to the second edge, and the filling in the first filling area can improve the stretch resistance of the metal foam layer in the first direction;
  • the second filling area The filler extends continuously from the third edge to the fourth edge, and the filler in the first filling area can improve the stretch resistance of the metal foam layer in the second direction.
  • the combination of the filler in the first filling region and the filler in the second filling region can improve the deformation of the negative electrode sheet due to tension as a whole, and further alleviate the problem that the electrode assembly is prone to deformation.
  • the thickness of the filler in a single filling area is close to or equal to the thickness of the metal foam layer, so that the filler can basically support the entire thickness of the metal foam layer, thereby making the negative electrode sheet have better pressure bearing capacity , which can better alleviate the problem that the electrode assembly is prone to deformation.
  • the first example of the first aspect to the eighth example of the first aspect a tenth example of the first aspect is provided, and the thickness of the metal foam layer direction, the opposite side surfaces of the filler are insulating materials, and cover the opposite side surfaces of the foam metal layer.
  • the two sides of the filler in the thickness direction are insulating materials and cover the surface of the metal foam layer, which can avoid the increase of local expansion force caused by the deposition of lithium metal on the surface of the filler.
  • the filler is a polymer; optionally, the filler is a rubber material; optionally, the rubber material includes One or more of natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, neoprene, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber and silicone rubber.
  • a specific type of filler is selected to facilitate filling during the manufacturing process and to form an insulating surface.
  • the present application provides an electrode assembly, including a positive pole piece, a separator, and the negative pole piece in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • an electrode assembly including a positive pole piece, a separator, and the negative pole piece in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the projection of the filler and the coating area of the positive pole piece The projections overlap at least partially.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, including a casing and the electrode assembly in the above embodiment, and the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing.
  • the present application provides a battery, including a box body and a plurality of battery cells in the above embodiments; the plurality of battery cells are housed in the box body.
  • the present application provides an electric device, including the battery cell in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides a method for manufacturing a negative electrode sheet, including filling fillers in the pores of a part of the metal foam layer to form a filling area; along the thickness direction of the metal foam layer, the projection of the filler is configured to use at least partially overlaps with the projection of the coated area of the positive pole piece.
  • the negative electrode sheet in the above embodiment can be manufactured, thereby alleviating the problem that the electrode assembly is easily deformed.
  • the present application provides a negative electrode sheet manufacturing equipment, including a providing device for providing a metal foam layer; and a filling device for filling fillers in the pores of a part of the metal foam layer to form a filling Area; along the thickness direction of the metal foam layer, the projection of the filler is configured to at least partially overlap with the projection of the coating area of the positive electrode sheet.
  • the negative electrode sheet in the above embodiment can be manufactured, thereby alleviating the problem that the electrode assembly is easily deformed.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the first electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the positive pole piece provided by some embodiments of the present application in a direction perpendicular to the second direction;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of the positive pole piece provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of the first design of the negative electrode sheet provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view perpendicular to the second direction of the first design of the negative electrode sheet provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a second electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a third electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic top view of the second design of the negative electrode sheet provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic top view of the third design of the negative electrode sheet provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic top view of the fourth design of the negative electrode sheet provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a process flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a negative electrode sheet provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a negative electrode sheet manufacturing equipment provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Box body 10 first part 11, second part 12, accommodation space 13;
  • a battery cell 20 a casing 21, an electrode assembly 22, an electrode terminal 23, and a pressure relief structure 24;
  • Foam metal layer 2211 unfilled region 22110, filled region 22111, negative electrode body 22112, negative electrode tab 22113, first edge 22114, second edge 22115, third edge 22116, fourth edge 22117, first filled region 22111a, second Two filled areas 22111b;
  • Thickness direction A of the metal foam layer first direction B; second direction C.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of the various components in the embodiments of the application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length and width of the integrated device, are for illustrative purposes only, and should not constitute any limitation to the application .
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a battery refers to a single physical module that includes one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields . With the continuous expansion of power battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the selected foam metal in order to reserve enough space for the deposition of metal lithium, etc., and at the same time, in order to reduce the amount of metal used, the selected foam metal generally has a higher porosity, such as ⁇ 70% , which leads to a lower compressive capacity of the metal foam.
  • the occurrence of the following situations usually causes the metal foam to be compressed and the structure collapses, which in turn leads to deformation of the electrode assembly.
  • the first situation is that in the process of manufacturing the electrode assembly, the winding process and lamination process will cause the metal foam to be squeezed by the coating area of the positive electrode sheet.
  • the second situation is that during the fast charging process, the metal is excessively deposited on the surface of the metal foam, resulting in an increase in the expansion force, which is easy to crush the metal foam structure after the expansion force increases.
  • the applicant has designed a negative pole piece, which sets the part of the metal foam of the negative pole piece as a filling area, and fills the pores in the filling area with fillers.
  • the filling area The position of the metal foam layer is configured to at least partially overlap with the coating area of the positive pole piece. Due to the high density and good supporting effect of the filling area, the filling area can be used to improve the pressure bearing capacity of the metal foam layer and improve the pressure of the metal foam. The phenomenon of deformation, thereby alleviating the problem that the electrode assembly is prone to deformation.
  • electric equipment can be in various forms, for example, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, Space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • Electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • Electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools , Assembling electric tools and electric tools for railways, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers.
  • a vehicle 1000 as an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application is taken as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 instead of or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 may include a box body 10 and a battery cell 20 , and the battery cell 20 is accommodated in the box body 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used for accommodating the battery cells 20, and the box body 10 may have various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a The accommodation space 13.
  • the second part 12 can be a hollow structure with an open end, the first part 11 is a plate-like structure, and the first part 11 covers the opening side of the second part 12 to form a box body 10 with an accommodation space 13; the first part 11 and The second part 12 can also be a hollow structure with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12 to form the box body 10 with the receiving space 13 .
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid and so on.
  • the battery 100 there may be one or a plurality of battery cells 20 . If there are multiple battery cells 20 , the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box body 10 . It is also possible that a plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery 100 module, and then a plurality of battery 100 modules are connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a whole and accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, multiple battery cells 20 may be electrically connected through a busbar, so as to realize parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection of multiple battery cells 20 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the battery cell 20 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery 100 .
  • the battery cell 20 may include a casing 21 and an electrode assembly 22 , and the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the casing 21 .
  • housing 21 may also be used to contain electrolyte, such as electrolytic solution.
  • the shell 21 can be in various structural forms.
  • the housing 21 may include a housing 211 and a cover 212 .
  • the casing 211 is an assembly for matching the cover body 212 to form an internal sealed space 213 of the battery cell 20 , wherein the formed sealed space 213 can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the casing 211 and the cover 212 can be independent components, and an opening can be provided on the casing, and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 can be formed by covering the opening with the cover 212 .
  • the cover body 212 and the casing 211 can also be integrated. Specifically, the cover body 212 and the casing 211 can form a common connecting surface before other components are inserted into the casing. When the inside of the casing 211 needs to be encapsulated At this time, make the cover body 212 cover the casing 211 again.
  • the housing 211 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the casing 211 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the housing 211 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the cover 212 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 211 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the cover body 212 can be adapted to the shape of the casing 211 to match the casing 211 .
  • the cover body 212 can be made of a material with certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the cover body 212 is not easy to be deformed when it is squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have more With high structural strength, safety performance can also be improved.
  • the material of the cover body 212 may also be other materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator can be provided inside the cover 212 , and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 211 from the cover 212 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • Electrodes 23 may be provided on the cover body 212 .
  • the electrode terminal 23 is mounted on the cover 212 .
  • the electrode terminal 23 is electrically connected with the electrode assembly 22 to output the electric energy generated by the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode terminal 23 and the electrode assembly 22 can be electrically connected through an adapter sheet (not shown).
  • the battery cell 20 may further include a pressure relief structure 24 for releasing the pressure inside the battery cell 20 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a predetermined value.
  • the pressure relief structure 24 may be a component such as an explosion-proof valve, a burst disk, an air valve, a pressure relief valve, or a safety valve.
  • the electrode assembly 22 can be put into the casing 211 first, and electrolyte is filled into the casing 211 , and then the cover 212 is closed on the opening of the casing 211 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the first electrode assembly 22 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is a part where electrochemical reactions occur in the battery cell 20 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 22 may be contained within the case 211 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 is mainly formed by winding or stacking a positive pole piece 222 and a negative pole piece 221 , and a separator 223 is provided between the positive pole piece 222 and the negative pole piece 221 .
  • FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are schematic structural diagrams of the positive pole piece 222 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the coating area 2221 of the positive pole piece is located on the surface of the current collector 2222 of the positive pole piece distributed along the thickness direction; the material coated in this area includes, for example, consists of positive pole active materials.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the first design of the negative pole piece 221 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 8 is some implementations of the present application
  • the application provides a negative electrode sheet 221, the negative electrode sheet 221 includes a metal foam layer 2211; the part of the metal foam layer 2211 is a filling area 22111, and the pores of the filling area 22111 are filled with fillers; along the thickness direction of the metal foam layer A, The projection of the filler is configured to at least partially overlap with the projection of the coating area 2221 of the positive pole piece.
  • the negative electrode sheet 221 includes a metal foam layer 2211 , which means that the negative electrode sheet 221 uses the metal foam layer 2211 as a base material, and other structures other than the metal foam layer 2211 can be provided according to design requirements.
  • the negative electrode sheet 221 is used as a porous metal electrode, and the surfaces on both sides of the metal foam layer 2211 distributed along the thickness direction A of the metal foam layer may not be coated with negative electrode active materials.
  • the metal foam layer 2211 refers to a layered metal porous body with pores inside, and its porosity is optionally 20-95%, further optionally 60-95%.
  • Part of the metal foam layer 2211 is a filled region 22111 , that is, the metal foam layer 2211 also includes an unfilled region 22110 , and pores in the unfilled region 22110 are used for depositing metals such as lithium.
  • Pores in the filled region 22111 are filled with fillers, and the porosity thereof is smaller than that of the unfilled region 22110 in the metal foam layer 2211 .
  • the distribution of the filling area 22111 in the metal foam layer 2211 is not limited, and the number can be one or more.
  • the multiple filling regions 22111 can be uniformly or non-uniformly distributed; in terms of arrangement direction, any two filling regions 22111 can be arranged along the metal foam layer
  • the thickness direction A of the metal foam layer is distributed at intervals, and can also be distributed at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction A of the metal foam layer.
  • the filler is a substance filled in the pores of the metal foam layer 2211, which may consist of one material, or may include multiple materials. For each filling material, it can be a conductive material or a non-conductive material.
  • the projection of the filled region 22111 is configured to at least partially overlap with the projection of the coating region 2221 of the positive electrode sheet, see FIG. 4 , that is, in the electrode assembly 22, along the foam In the thickness direction A of the metal layer, the projection of the filled region 22111 partially or completely overlaps the projection of the coating region 2221 of the positive electrode sheet.
  • the part of the metal foam layer 2211 is configured as the filling area 22111. Since the pores of the filling area 22111 are filled with fillers, the filling area 22111 has high density and good supporting effect, so that the metal foam layer 2211 has better pressure bearing capacity. On the basis that the metal foam layer 2211 is provided with a filling area 22111, the filling area 22111 is configured to be at least partially laminated with the coating area 2221 of the positive electrode sheet.
  • the negative pole piece 221 can better withstand the pressure from the positive pole piece 222 , and can improve the phenomenon that the negative pole piece 221 is deformed under pressure, thereby alleviating the problem that the electrode assembly 22 is easily deformed.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the second electrode assembly 22 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the third electrode assembly 22 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first example of the first aspect is proposed, along the thickness direction A of the metal foam layer, at least one end of the coating area 2221 of the positive pole piece in the first direction B The projection of the part overlaps with the projection of the filler; the first direction B is perpendicular to the thickness direction A of the metal foam layer.
  • the projections of the two ends of the coating area 2221 of the positive pole piece in the first direction B overlap with the projection of the filling area 22111 respectively; as shown in Figures 9 and 10, the positive pole piece
  • the projection of each of the ends of the coated area 2221 of the sheet in the first direction B overlaps with the projection of the filler of one filled area 22111 respectively.
  • the filling area 22111 is configured to be stacked with the end of the coating area 2221 of the positive electrode sheet in the first direction B, and the coating of the positive electrode sheet can be achieved through the filling area 22111.
  • the end of the coating area 2221 in the first direction B is supported to ensure that the negative electrode sheet 221 can better withstand the pressure of the coating area 2221 of the positive electrode sheet.
  • the metal foam layer 2211 includes the negative electrode body 22112 and negative electrode tab 22113, the negative electrode body 22112 and the negative electrode tab 22113 are distributed along the first direction B, and the opposite ends of the negative electrode body 22112 along the first direction B have filling areas 22111; the thickness of the first direction B and the metal foam layer Direction A is vertical.
  • the negative electrode body 22112 refers to the filling region 22111 distributed along the first direction B in the metal foam layer 2211 and the metal porous body region between the filling region 22111 . Both ends of the negative electrode body 22112 in the first direction B are configured as filling regions 22111 .
  • the negative electrode main body 22112 and the negative electrode tab 22113 are divided by the filling of the filling area 22111, and the negative electrode tab 22113 refers to the part of the metal foam layer 2211 that is away from the negative electrode main body 22112 along the first direction B from the filling area 22111.
  • a region of the porous metal body extending on one side.
  • both ends of the negative electrode body 22112 in the first direction B have filling regions 22111, so that both ends of the negative electrode body 22112 in the first direction B can better withstand the pressure of the coating area 2221 of the positive electrode sheet. pressure effect.
  • the filling regions 22111 at both ends of the negative electrode main body 22112 are convenient to be laminated with the two ends of the coating area 2221 of the positive electrode sheet, so that the negative electrode sheet 221 as a whole can better withstand the pressure of the coating area 2221 of the positive electrode sheet effect.
  • a third example of the first aspect is proposed, and the filling is along the second direction C is arranged continuously, and the second direction C is perpendicular to the first direction B and the thickness direction A of the metal foam layer.
  • the filling is arranged continuously along the second direction C, which means that there is no discontinuity in the filling in the second direction C, and there is no through hole connecting the two sides of the filling in the first direction B, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 11 shown.
  • the fillers may also be arranged at intervals along the second direction C, as shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the filling is arranged continuously along the second direction C, so that the filling has a larger distribution range in the second direction C, so that the negative pole piece 221 as a whole can better withstand the coating area 2221 of the positive pole piece. pressure effect.
  • a fourth example of the first aspect is proposed, in the second direction C, the coating of the positive pole piece
  • the size of the covering area 2221 is L1
  • the size of the filler in a single filling region 22111 is L2, where L1 ⁇ L2.
  • the filling is configured so that the size in the second direction C is not lower than the coating area 2221 of the positive pole piece, so that the filling can be laminated with the coating area 2221 of the entire positive pole piece in the second direction C , to ensure that the negative pole piece 221 can better support the coating area 2221 of the entire positive pole piece.
  • a fifth example of the first aspect is proposed.
  • the metal foam In the second direction C, the metal foam
  • it can also be configured as L2 ⁇ L3, as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the size of the filler in the second direction C is equal to the size of the metal foam layer 2211 in the second direction C, that is to say, in the second direction C, the size of the filler from the metal foam layer 2211 One end extends continuously to the other end.
  • the filler can improve the stretch resistance of the metal foam layer 2211 in the second direction C, and can improve the phenomenon that the negative electrode sheet 221 is deformed by tension, and can further relieve the tension of the electrode assembly 22. The problem of deformation is prone to occur; on the other hand, the filler has the effect of partitioning.
  • the filling areas 22111 at both ends are conducive to blocking the outside
  • the metal particles enter the negative electrode body 22112, which can effectively prevent the metal particles from entering the negative electrode body 22112 and causing problems such as short circuit and thermal failure during subsequent cycles.
  • a sixth example of the first aspect is proposed, in the first In the direction B, the size of the coating area 2221 of the positive pole piece is M1, and the projection of the filling of the single filling area 22111 along the thickness direction A of the metal foam layer is the same as that of the coating area 2221 of the positive pole piece along the thickness direction of the metal foam layer
  • the size of the overlapping area of the projections of A is M2, and M2/M1 ⁇ 3%.
  • the ratio of the size of the overlapping area of the filler in the single filling area 22111 and the coating area 2221 of the positive electrode sheet in the first direction B to the size of the coating area 2221 of the positive electrode sheet is controlled at ⁇ 3%. standard, to ensure that the negative pole piece 221 reliably supports the coating area 2221 of the positive pole piece.
  • a seventh example of the first aspect is proposed, M2/M1 ⁇ 10%.
  • the value of M2/M1 is, for example but not limited to, any one of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10% or a range value between any two .
  • the ratio of the size of the overlapping area of the filler in the single filling area 22111 and the coating area 2221 of the positive electrode sheet in the first direction B to the size of the coating area 2221 of the positive electrode sheet is controlled at ⁇ 10%.
  • Standard while ensuring that the negative pole piece 221 effectively supports the coating area 2221 of the positive pole piece, a large unfilled area 22110 is reserved in the metal foam layer 2211 for depositing lithium metal, etc., which is conducive to maintaining relatively high energy density.
  • the metal foam layer 2211 includes a first edge 22114 and a second edge 22115 distributed along the first direction B and along The third edge 22116 and the fourth edge 22117 distributed in the second direction C; the first direction B and the second direction C are perpendicular to each other and both are perpendicular to the thickness direction A of the metal foam layer; the filling area 22111 includes the first filling area 22111a and the second Two filling regions 22111b, the filling of the first filling region 22111a continuously extends from the first edge 22114 to the second edge 22115, and the filling of the second filling region 22111b continuously extends from the third edge 22116 to the fourth edge 22117.
  • the filling of the first filling region 22111a extends along the first direction B
  • the filling of the second filling region 22111b extends along the second direction C
  • the filling of the first filling region 22111a and the filling of the second filling region 22111b vertically intersect.
  • the filling in the first filling area 22111a extends continuously from the first edge 22114 to the second edge 22115, and the filling in the first filling area 22111a can improve the tensile resistance of the metal foam layer 2211 in the first direction B Capability; the filling in the second filling area 22111b extends continuously from the third edge 22116 to the fourth edge 22117, and the filling in the first filling area 22111a can improve the stretch resistance of the metal foam layer 2211 in the second direction C.
  • the combination of the filler in the first filling region 22111a and the filler in the second filling region 22111b can improve the deformation of the negative electrode sheet 221 as a whole under tension, and further alleviate the problem that the electrode assembly 22 is prone to deformation.
  • H2/H1 is, for example but not limited to, any one of 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99 and 1 or a range value between any two.
  • the thickness of the filler in the single filling region 22111 is close to or equal to the thickness of the metal foam layer 2211, so that the filler can basically support the entire thickness of the metal foam layer 2211, so that the negative electrode sheet 221 has better performance.
  • the pressure bearing capacity can better alleviate the problem that the electrode assembly 22 is prone to deformation.
  • the metal foam layer In the thickness direction A of , the two opposite surfaces of the filler are made of insulating material, and cover the opposite two surfaces of the metal foam layer 2211 .
  • the two opposite surfaces of the filler are insulating materials, which means that the two opposite surfaces of the filler are insulated.
  • the filling area 22111 can all use insulating materials as fillers, so that the fillings in the filling area 22111 are insulated as a whole; Areas may be filled with insulating or non-insulating fillers.
  • the two opposite surfaces of the filler are insulating materials and cover the opposite two surfaces of the metal foam layer 2211 , that is, the filler forms corresponding insulating regions on the surface of the metal foam layer 2211 .
  • the thickness of the filling region 22111 is substantially the same as the thickness of the metal foam layer 2211, and the impact of the filler on the foam is reduced as much as possible while ensuring that the filler covers the surface of the metal foam layer 2211.
  • both sides of the filler in the thickness direction are made of insulating materials and cover the surface of the metal foam layer 2211, which can avoid the increase of local expansion force caused by the deposition of lithium metal on the surface of the filler.
  • the filler is a polymer; optionally, the filler is a rubber material; optionally, rubber The material includes one or more of natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, neoprene rubber, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, and silicone rubber.
  • a specific type of filler is selected to facilitate filling during the manufacturing process and to form an insulating surface.
  • the present application provides an electrode assembly 22, including a positive pole piece 222, a separator 223 and the negative pole piece 221 in the above-mentioned embodiment, along the thickness direction of the metal foam layer A, the projection of the filler at least partially overlaps with the projection of the coating area 2221 of the positive pole piece.
  • the electrode assembly 22 can be configured according to the design of the battery 100 , and the figure shows an electrode assembly 22 with two tabs. In other embodiments, the electrode assembly 22 may also be designed in the form of tabs on one side.
  • the present application provides a battery cell 20 , including a casing 21 and the electrode assembly 22 in the above embodiment, and the electrode assembly 22 is housed in the casing 21 .
  • the present application provides a battery 100 , including a box body 10 and a plurality of battery cells 20 in the above-mentioned embodiments; the plurality of battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box body 10 .
  • the present application provides an electric device, including the battery cell 20 in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides a method for manufacturing a negative electrode sheet 221, including filling fillers in the pores of a part of the metal foam layer 2211 to form a filling area 22111; along the thickness direction A of the metal foam layer, the projection of the filler Configured to at least partially overlap with the projection of the coating region 2221 of the positive electrode tab.
  • the process flow of the manufacturing method of the negative pole piece 221 is as follows:
  • the negative electrode sheet 221 in the above embodiment can be manufactured, so that the problem that the electrode assembly 22 is easily deformed can be alleviated.
  • the present application provides a negative electrode sheet manufacturing equipment 2000, including a providing device 2100 for providing a metal foam layer 2211; The pores are filled with a filler to form a filled region 22111; along the thickness direction A of the metal foam layer, the projection of the filler is configured to at least partially overlap with the projection of the coating region 2221 of the positive electrode sheet.
  • the negative electrode sheet 221 in the above embodiment can be manufactured, so that the problem that the electrode assembly 22 is easily deformed can be alleviated.
  • the metal foam layer 2211 includes a negative electrode body 22112 and a negative electrode tab 22113 , the negative electrode body 22112 and the negative electrode tab 22113 are distributed along the first direction B, and the negative electrode body 22112 is distributed along the first direction B. Both opposite ends of the direction B have filling regions 22111 .
  • the opposite side surfaces of the filling in the filling area 22111 are insulating materials, and cover the opposite side surfaces of the metal foam layer 2211; the thickness of the filling in the filling area 22111 is the same as that of the metal foam layer
  • the thickness of 2211 is basically the same.
  • the foamed metal layer 2211 with a porosity of 80% is used as the base material of the negative electrode sheet 221 , and nitrile rubber is filled in the pores in the predetermined area to form the filling area 22111 .
  • the metal foam layer 2211 includes a negative electrode body 22112 and a negative electrode tab 22113, the negative electrode body 22112 and the negative electrode tab 22113 are distributed along the first direction B, and the opposite ends of the negative electrode body 22112 along the first direction B have Fill area 22111.
  • the size of the metal foam layer 2211 in the A direction is 200 ⁇ m; the cross section of the metal foam layer 2211 substrate perpendicular to the A direction is rectangular, and the size in the B direction (the first direction B) is 6 cm, and the dimension in the direction C (the second direction C) is 4 cm.
  • the opposite side surfaces of the filling in the filling area 22111 are insulating materials, and cover the opposite side surfaces of the metal foam layer 2211; the thickness of the filling in the filling area 22111 is the same as that of the metal foam layer
  • the thickness of 2211 is basically the same.
  • the material of the coating area 2221 of the positive pole piece is lithium iron phosphate.
  • the material of the coating area 2221 of the positive electrode sheet is lithium iron phosphate
  • the cross section of the coating area 2221 of the positive electrode sheet perpendicular to the A direction is rectangular
  • the size in the B direction (first direction B) is 5 cm
  • in the C direction The dimension in (the second direction C) is 4 cm
  • L1 L2.
  • Omit the separator 223, refer to the design method of the negative pole piece 221 and the positive pole piece 222 in FIG.
  • a 10cmx10cm flat plate is used to apply a pressure of 500N to the test components provided in each embodiment, and the thickness of the negative pole piece 221 before and after compression is counted to analyze the compressive deformation resistance of the negative pole piece 221 .

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Abstract

本申请提供一种负极极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池、用电设备及负极极片的制造方法和设备。负极极片包括泡沫金属层；泡沫金属层的部分为填充区域，填充区域的孔隙中填充有填充物；沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向，填充物的投影被配置为用于与正极极片的涂覆区的投影至少部分重叠。本申请实施例负极极片将泡沫金属层的部分配置为填充区域，由于填充区域的孔隙中填充有填充物，该填充区域密实度高、支撑作用好，使得泡沫金属层中分布有填充区域的部位具有更好的承压能力，能够改善负极极片受压变形的现象，从而能够缓解电极组件容易发生变形的问题。

Description

负极极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池、用电设备及负极极片的制造方法和设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，具体而言，涉及一种负极极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池、用电设备及负极极片的制造方法和设备。
背景技术
在金属电极组件设计中，会选用泡沫金属直接作为负极极片。然而，目前的电极组件中，电极组件容易发生变形，导致严重影响电极组件的电化学性能。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种负极极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池、用电设备及负极极片的制造方法和设备，能够缓解电极组件容易发生变形的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供一种负极极片，包括泡沫金属层；泡沫金属层的部分为填充区域，填充区域的孔隙中填充有填充物；沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向，填充物的投影被配置为用于与正极极片的涂覆区的投影至少部分重叠。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，将泡沫金属层的部分配置为填充区域，由于填充区域的孔隙中填充有填充物，该填充区域密实度高、支撑作用好，使得泡沫金属层具有更好的承压能力。在泡沫金属层设有填充区域的基础上，将填充区域的填充物配置为与正极极片的涂覆区至少部分层叠，在将负极极片和正极极片层叠制作电极组件时，负极极片能够更好地承受来自于正极极片的压力，能够改善负极极片受压变形的现象，从而能够缓解电极组件容易发生变形的问题。
在一些实施例中，根据第一方面，提出第一方面的第一种示例，沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向，正极极片的涂覆区在第一方向上的至少一个端部的投影与填充物的投影重叠；第一方向与泡沫金属层的厚度方向垂直。该设计中，沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向，将填充物配置为与正极极片的涂覆区在第一方向上的端部层叠，能够通过填充区域对正极极片的涂覆区在第一方向上的端部进行支撑，保证负极极片更好地承受正极极片的涂覆区的压力作用。
在一些实施例中，根据第一方面或第一方面的第一种示例，提出第一方面的第二种示例，泡沫金属层包括负极主体和负极极耳，负极主体和负极极耳沿第一方向分布，负极主体沿第一方向相对的两端均具有填充区域；第一方向与泡沫金属层的厚度方向垂直。该设计中，负极主体在第一方向上的两端均具有填充区域，使得负极主体在第一方向上的两端均能够较好的承受正极极片的涂覆区的压力作用。同时，负极主体两端的填充区域的填充物方便实现分别与正极极片的涂覆区的两个端部层叠，使得负极极片能够更好地承受正极极片的涂覆区的压力作用。
在一些实施例中，根据第一方面的第一种示例或第一方面的第二种示例，提出第一方面的第三种示例，填充物沿第二方向连续设置，第二方向垂直于第一方向和泡沫金属层的厚度方向。该设计中，将填充物沿第二方向连续设置，使得填充物在第二方向上具有更大的分布范围，从而负极极片能够更好地承受正极极片的涂覆区的压力作用。
在一些实施例中，根据第一方面的第三种示例，提出第一方面的第四种示例，在第二方向上，正极极片的涂覆区的尺寸为L1，单个填充区域的填充物的尺寸为L2，L1≤L2。该设计中，将填充物配置为在第二方向上的尺寸不低于正极极片的涂覆区，使得填充物在第二方向上能够与整个正极极片的涂覆区层叠，保证负极极片能够更好地对整个正极极片的涂覆区进行支撑。
在一些实施例中，根据第一方面的第三种示例或第一方面的第四种示例，提出第一方面的第五种示例，在第二方向上，泡沫金属层的尺寸为L3，L2＝L3。该设计中，将填充物配置为在第二方向上的尺寸等于泡沫金属层在第二方向上的尺寸，也就是说，在第二方向上，填充物从泡沫金属层的一端连续延伸至另一端，一方面，该填充物能够提高泡沫金属层在第二方向上的抗拉伸能力， 能够改善负极极片受拉力产生变形的现象，能够进一步缓解电极组件容易发生变形的问题；另一方面，该填充物具有隔断的作用，负极主体在第一方向上的两端均设有填充区域的情况下，两端的填充物有利于阻挡外侧的金属颗粒进入到负极主体的内部，能有效避免金属颗粒进入到负极主体的内部而在后续循环过程中出现短路、热失效等问题。
在一些实施例中，根据第一方面的第一种示例至第一方面的第五种示例中的任一种，提出第一方面的第六种示例，在第一方向上，正极极片的涂覆区的尺寸为M1，单个填充区域的填充物沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向的投影与正极极片的涂覆区沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向的投影的重叠区域的尺寸为M2，M2/M1≥3％。该设计中，单个填充区域的填充物同正极极片的涂覆区的重叠区域在第一方向上的尺寸与正极极片的涂覆区的尺寸的比值控制在≥3％的标准，保证负极极片可靠地对正极极片的涂覆区进行支撑。
在一些实施例中，根据第一方面的第六种示例，提出第一方面的第七种示例，M2/M1≤10％。该设计中，单个填充区域的填充物同正极极片的涂覆区的重叠区域在第一方向上的尺寸与正极极片的涂覆区的尺寸的比例控制在≤10％的标准，在保证负极极片有效地对正极极片的涂覆区进行支撑的同时，使得泡沫金属层中保留较大范围的未填充区域用于沉积锂金属等，有利于保持较高的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，根据第一方面，提出第一方面的第八种示例，泡沫金属层包括沿第一方向分布的第一边缘和第二边缘以及沿第二方向分布的第三边缘和第四边缘；第一方向和第二方向相互垂直且均与泡沫金属层的厚度方向垂直；填充区域包括第一填充区域和第二填充区域，第一填充区域的填充物从第一边缘连续延伸至第二边缘，第二填充区域的填充物从第三边缘连续延伸至第四边缘。该设计中，第一填充区域的填充物从第一边缘连续延伸至第二边缘，该第一填充区域的填充物能够提高泡沫金属层在第一方向上的抗拉伸能力；第二填充区域的填充物从第三边缘连续延伸至第四边缘，该第一填充区域的填充物能够提高泡沫金属层在第二方向上的抗拉伸能力。通过第一填充区域的填充物和第二填充区域的填充物配合，能够改善负极极片整体受拉力产生变形的现象，能够进一步缓解电极组件容易发生变形的问题。
在一些实施例中，根据第一方面、第一方面的第一种示例至第一方面的第八种示例中的任一种，提出第一方面的第九种示例，在泡沫金属层的厚度方向上，泡沫金属层的尺寸为H1，单个填充区域的填充物的厚度为H2，H2/H1＝(0.95～1)。该设计中，单个填充区域的填充物的厚度接近或等于泡沫金属层的厚度，使得填充物基本上能够在泡沫金属层的整个厚度上进行支撑，进而使得负极极片具有更好的承压能力，能够更好地缓解电极组件容易发生变形的问题。
在一些实施例中，根据第一方面、第一方面的第一种示例至第一方面的第八种示例中的任一种，提出第一方面的第十种示例，在泡沫金属层的厚度方向上，填充物相对的两侧表面为绝缘材料，且覆盖泡沫金属层相对的两侧表面。该设计中，填充物在厚度方向上的两侧表面为绝缘材料并覆盖泡沫金属层的表面，能够避免锂金属等沉积在填充物的表面而导致局部膨胀力增大。
在一些实施例中，根据第一方面的第十种示例，提出第一方面的第十一种示例，填充物为聚合物；可选的，填充物为橡胶材料；可选的，橡胶材料包括天然橡胶、丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、异戊橡胶、氯丁橡胶、丁基橡胶、丁腈橡胶和硅橡胶中的一种或多种。该设计中，填充物选择特定的种类，方便制造过程中进行填充，也方便形成绝缘表面。
第二方面，本申请提供一种电极组件，包括正极极片、隔离膜和上述实施例中的负极极片，沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向，填充物的投影与正极极片的涂覆区的投影至少部分重叠。
第三方面，本申请提供一种电池单体，包括外壳以及上述实施例中的电极组件，电极组件容纳于外壳内。
第四方面，本申请提供一种电池，包括箱体以及多个上述实施例中的电池单体；多个电池单体容纳于箱体内。
第五方面，本申请提供一种用电设备，包括上述实施例中的电池单体。
第六方面，本申请提供一种负极极片的制造方法，包括在泡沫金属层的部分区域的孔隙中 填充填充物形成填充区域；沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向，填充物的投影被配置为用于与正极极片的涂覆区的投影至少部分重叠。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，能够制造得到上述实施例中的负极极片，从而能够缓解电极组件容易发生变形的问题。
第七方面，本申请提供一种负极极片的制造设备，包括提供装置，用于提供泡沫金属层；以及填充装置，用于在泡沫金属层的部分区域的孔隙中填充填充物，以形成填充区域；沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向，填充物的投影被配置为用于与正极极片的涂覆区的投影至少部分重叠。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，能够制造得到上述实施例中的负极极片，从而能够缓解电极组件容易发生变形的问题。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为图2所示的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的第一种电极组件的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的正极极片在垂直于第二方向上的剖面示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的正极极片的俯视结构示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的负极极片的第一种设计的俯视结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的负极极片的第一种设计在垂直于第二方向上的剖面示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的第二种电极组件的结构示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的第三种电极组件的结构示意图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的负极极片的第二种设计的俯视结构示意图；
图12为本申请一些实施例提供的负极极片的第三种设计的俯视结构示意图；
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的负极极片的第四种设计的俯视结构示意图；
图14为本申请一些实施例提供的一种负极极片的制造方法的工艺流程图；
图15为本申请一些实施例提供的一种负极极片的制造设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
车辆1000；
电池100，控制器200，马达300；
箱体10，第一部分11，第二部分12，容纳空间13；
电池单体20，外壳21，电极组件22，电极端子23，泄压结构24；
壳体211，盖体212，密封空间213，负极极片221，正极极片222，隔离膜223；
泡沫金属层2211，未填充区域22110，填充区域22111，负极主体22112，负极极耳22113，第一边缘22114，第二边缘22115，第三边缘22116，第四边缘22117，第一填充区域22111a，第二填充区域22111b；
正极极片的涂覆区2221，正极极片的集流体2222；
负极极片的制造设备2000；
提供装置2100；填充装置2200；
泡沫金属层的厚度方向A；第一方向B；第二方向C。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
本申请中，电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电 动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
申请人注意到，在目前的电极组件设计中，为了预留足够的空间用于金属锂等沉积，同时，为了减少金属的用量，选用的泡沫金属一般具有较高的孔隙率，例如≥70％，这导致了泡沫金属抗压能力较低。而以下几种情况的发生通常都会使得泡沫金属受压而出现结构坍塌，进而导致电极组件发生变形。第一种情况是在电极组件制作的过程中，卷绕工序和叠片工序会使得泡沫金属受到正极极片的涂覆区的挤压。第二种情况是在快速充电的过程中，金属在泡沫金属表面过量沉积，导致膨胀力上升，膨胀力上升后容易压溃泡沫金属结构。第三种情况下电极组件外部存在对于电极组件的冲击力。
为了解决上述问题，目前提出的方案包括优化充放电策略和使用机械强度高的壳体。优化充放电策略主要能够解决第二种情况带来的问题，使用机械强度高的壳体主要能够解决第三种情况带来的问题。第一种情况带来的问题未能得到解决，导致泡沫金属仍然容易出现结构坍塌而导致电极组件发生变形。
基于以上考虑，申请人经过深入研究，设计了一种负极极片，将负极极片的泡沫金属中的部分设置填充区域，在填充区域的孔隙中填充填充物，在此基础上，将填充区域在泡沫金属层的位置配置为能够与正极极片的涂覆区至少部分重叠，由于填充区域密实度高、支撑作用好，能够利用填充区域提高泡沫金属层的承压能力，改善泡沫金属受压变形的现象，从而缓解电极组件容易发生变形的问题。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于负极极片、使用负极极片的电极组件、使用电极组件的电池单体、使用电池单体的电池、使用电池单体的用电设备以及该负极极片的制造方法和设备。
本申请中，用电设备可以为多种形式，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电设备为车辆1000为例进行说明。
参见图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
参见图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图，电池100可以包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于容纳电池单体20，箱体10可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间13。第二部分12可以是为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间13的箱体10；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间13的箱体10。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体20为多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单 体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内。也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池100模块，多个电池100模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，多个电池单体20之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体20的并联或串联或混联。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
参见图3，图3为图2所示的电池单体20的爆炸图。电池单体20是指组成电池100的最小单元。如图3，电池单体20可以包括外壳21和电极组件22，电极组件22容纳于外壳21内。在一些实施例中，外壳21还可用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。外壳21可以是多种结构形式。
外壳21可以包括壳体211和盖体212。
壳体211是用于配盖体212以形成电池单体20的内部密封空间213的组件，其中，形成的密封空间213可以用于容纳电极组件22、电解液以及其他部件。壳体211和盖体212可以是独立的部件，可以于壳上设置开口，通过在开口处使盖体212盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使盖体212和壳体211一体化，具体地，盖体212和壳体211可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体211的内部时，再使盖体212盖合壳体211。壳体211可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体211的形状可以根据电极组件22的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体211的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
盖体212是指盖合于壳体211的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，盖体212的形状可以与壳体211的形状相适应以配合壳体211。在一些实施例中，盖体212可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，盖体212在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。盖体212的材质也可以是其他的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在盖体212的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体211内的电连接部件与盖体212，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
盖体212上可以设置有如电极端子23等的功能性部件。电极端子23安装于盖体212上。电极端子23与电极组件22电连接，以输出电池单体20所产生的电能。示例性的，电极端子23与电极组件22可通过转接片(图未示出)实现电连接。
电池单体20还可以包括泄压结构24，泄压结构24用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定值时泄放电池单体20内部的压力。示例性的，泄压结构24可以是诸如防爆阀、防爆片、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等部件。
在组装电池单体20时，可先将电极组件22放入壳体211内，并向壳体211内填充电解质，再将盖体212盖合于壳体211的开口。
参见图4，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的第一种电极组件22的结构示意图。电极组件22是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体211内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件22。电极组件22主要由正极极片222和负极极片221卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且在正极极片222与负极极片221之间设有隔离膜223。
参见图5和图6，图5和图6为本申请一些实施例提供的正极极片222的结构示意图。正极极片的涂覆区2221位于正极极片的集流体2222沿厚度方向分布的表面；该区域涂覆的材料包括正极活性材料，例如由正极活性材料组成。
接下来结合附图对负极极片221的具体结构进行详细阐述。
第一方面，根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图4至图8，图7为本申请一些实施例提供的负极极片221的第一种设计的俯视结构示意图，图8为本申请一些实施例提供的负极极片221的第一种设计在垂直于第二方向C上的剖面示意图。本申请提供了一种负极极片221，负极极片221包括泡沫金属层2211；泡沫金属层2211的部分为填充区域22111，填充区域22111的孔隙中填充有 填充物；沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A，填充物的投影被配置为用于与正极极片的涂覆区2221的投影至少部分重叠。
负极极片221包括泡沫金属层2211，是指负极极片221以泡沫金属层2211作为基材，其可以根据设计需要设置泡沫金属层2211以外的其他结构。该负极极片221作为多孔金属电极，泡沫金属层2211中沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A分布的两侧表面可以不涂覆负极活性材料。
泡沫金属层2211是指内部具有孔隙的层状金属多孔体，其孔隙率可选地为20～95％，进一步可选地为60～95％。
泡沫金属层2211的部分为填充区域22111，也就是说，泡沫金属层2211还包括未填充区域22110，未填充区域22110中的孔隙用于沉积锂等金属。
填充区域22111的孔隙中填充有填充物，其孔隙率小于泡沫金属层2211中未填充区域22110。填充区域22111在泡沫金属层2211中的分布要求不限，其数量可以为一个也可以为多个。当设置有多个填充区域22111时，从分布均匀性方面而言，该多个填充区域22111可以均匀或非均匀分布；从排布方向方面而言，任意两个填充区域22111可以沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A间隔分布，也可以沿垂直于泡沫金属层的厚度方向A的方向间隔分布。
填充物为填充在泡沫金属层2211的孔隙中的物质，其可以由一种材料组成，也可以包括多种材料。对于每一种填充材料，可以是导电材料，也可以是非导电的材料。
沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A，填充区域22111的投影被配置为用于与正极极片的涂覆区2221的投影至少部分重叠，参见图4，也就是说，在电极组件22中，沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A，填充区域22111的投影与正极极片的涂覆区2221的投影部分重叠或者全部重叠。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，将泡沫金属层2211的部分配置为填充区域22111，由于填充区域22111的孔隙中填充有填充物，该填充区域22111密实度高、支撑作用好，使得泡沫金属层2211具有更好的承压能力。在泡沫金属层2211设有填充区域22111的基础上，将填充区域22111配置为与正极极片的涂覆区2221至少部分层叠，在将负极极片221和正极极片222层叠制作电极组件22时，负极极片221能够更好地承受来自于正极极片222的压力，能够改善负极极片221受压变形的现象，从而能够缓解电极组件22容易发生变形的问题。
参见图4、图9和图10，图9为本申请一些实施例提供的第二种电极组件22的结构示意图，图10为本申请一些实施例提供的第三种电极组件22的结构示意图，根据本申请的一些实施例，根据第一方面，提出第一方面的第一种示例，沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A，正极极片的涂覆区2221在第一方向B上的至少一个端部的投影与填充物的投影重叠；第一方向B与泡沫金属层的厚度方向A垂直。
作为示例，如图4所示，正极极片的涂覆区2221在第一方向B上的两个端部的投影分别与填充区域22111的投影重叠；如图9和图10所示，正极极片的涂覆区2221在第一方向B上的其中每一个端部的投影分别与一个填充区域22111的填充物的投影重叠。
该设计中，沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A，将填充区域22111配置为与正极极片的涂覆区2221在第一方向B上的端部层叠，能够通过填充区域22111对正极极片的涂覆区2221在第一方向B上的端部进行支撑，保证负极极片221更好地承受正极极片的涂覆区2221的压力作用。
继续参见图4、图9和图10，根据本申请的一些实施例，根据第一方面或第一方面的第一种示例，提出第一方面的第二种示例，泡沫金属层2211包括负极主体22112和负极极耳22113，负极主体22112和负极极耳22113沿第一方向B分布，负极主体22112沿第一方向B相对的两端均具有填充区域22111；第一方向B与泡沫金属层的厚度方向A垂直。
负极主体22112是指泡沫金属层2211中沿第一方向B分布的填充区域22111及填充区域22111之间的金属多孔体区域。负极主体22112在第一方向B上的两端被配置为填充区域22111。在泡沫金属层2211中，负极主体22112和负极极耳22113被填充区域22111的填充物分割，负极极耳22113是指泡沫金属层2211中从填充区域22111沿第一方向B朝向远离负极主体22112的一侧延伸的金属多孔体区域。
该设计中，负极主体22112在第一方向B上的两端均具有填充区域22111，使得负极主体22112在第一方向B上的两端均能够较好的承受正极极片的涂覆区2221的压力作用。同时，负极主体22112两端的填充区域22111方便实现分别与正极极片的涂覆区2221的两个端部层叠，使得负极极片221整体能够更好地承受正极极片的涂覆区2221的压力作用。
参见图7和图11，根据本申请的一些实施例，根据第一方面的第一种示例或第一方面的第二种示例，提出第一方面的第三种示例，填充物沿第二方向C连续设置，第二方向C垂直于第一方向B和泡沫金属层的厚度方向A。
填充物沿第二方向C连续设置，是指填充物在第二方向C上不存在间断，该填充物内不存在连通其在第一方向B上两侧的通孔，如图7和图11所示。当然，在其他实施例中，填充物也可以沿第二方向C间隔设置，如图12所示。
该设计中，将填充物沿第二方向C连续设置，使得填充物在第二方向C上具有更大的分布范围，从而负极极片221整体能够更好地承受正极极片的涂覆区2221的压力作用。
参见图6、图7和图11，根据本申请的一些实施例，根据第一方面的第三种示例，提出第一方面的第四种示例，在第二方向C上，正极极片的涂覆区2221的尺寸为L1，单个填充区域22111的填充物的尺寸为L2，L1≤L2。
该设计中，将填充物配置为在第二方向C上的尺寸不低于正极极片的涂覆区2221，使得填充物在第二方向C上能够与整个正极极片的涂覆区2221层叠，保证负极极片221能够更好地对整个正极极片的涂覆区2221进行支撑。
参见图7，根据本申请的一些实施例，根据第一方面的第三种示例或第一方面的第四种示例，提出第一方面的第五种示例，在第二方向C上，泡沫金属层2211的尺寸为L3，L2＝L3。
当然，在其他实施例中，也可以配置为L2＜L3，如图11所示。
该设计中，将填充物配置为在第二方向C上的尺寸等于泡沫金属层2211在第二方向C上的尺寸，也就是说，在第二方向C上，填充物从泡沫金属层2211的一端连续延伸至另一端，一方面，该填充物能够提高泡沫金属层2211在第二方向C上的抗拉伸能力，能够改善负极极片221受拉力产生变形的现象，能够进一步缓解电极组件22容易发生变形的问题；另一方面，该填充物具有隔断的作用，负极主体22112在第一方向B上的两端均设有填充区域22111的情况下，两端的填充区域22111有利于阻挡外侧的金属颗粒进入到负极主体22112的内部，能有效避免金属颗粒进入到负极主体22112的内部而在后续循环过程中出现短路、热失效等问题。
继续参见图4，根据本申请的一些实施例，根据第一方面的第一种示例至第一方面的第五种示例中的任一种，提出第一方面的第六种示例，在第一方向B上，正极极片的涂覆区2221的尺寸为M1，单个填充区域22111的填充物沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A的投影与正极极片的涂覆区2221沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A的投影的重叠区域的尺寸为M2，M2/M1≥3％。
该设计中，单个填充区域22111的填充物同正极极片的涂覆区2221的重叠区域在第一方向B上的尺寸与正极极片的涂覆区2221的尺寸的比值控制在≥3％的标准，保证负极极片221可靠地对正极极片的涂覆区2221进行支撑。
继续参见图4，根据本申请的一些实施例，根据第一方面的第六种示例，提出第一方面的第七种示例，M2/M1≤10％。
作为示例，M2/M1的值例如但不限于为3％、4％、5％、6％、7％、8％、9％和10％中的任意一者或者任意两者之间的范围值。
该设计中，单个填充区域22111的填充物同正极极片的涂覆区2221的重叠区域在第一方向B上的尺寸与正极极片的涂覆区2221的尺寸的比例控制在≤10％的标准，在保证负极极片221有效地对正极极片的涂覆区2221进行支撑的同时，使得泡沫金属层2211中保留较大范围的未填充区域22110用于沉积锂金属等，有利于保持较高的能量密度。
参见图13，根据本申请的一些实施例，根据第一方面，提出第一方面的第八种示例，泡 沫金属层2211包括沿第一方向B分布的第一边缘22114和第二边缘22115以及沿第二方向C分布的第三边缘22116和第四边缘22117；第一方向B和第二方向C相互垂直且均与泡沫金属层的厚度方向A垂直；填充区域22111包括第一填充区域22111a和第二填充区域22111b，第一填充区域22111a的填充物从第一边缘22114连续延伸至第二边缘22115，第二填充区域22111b的填充物从第三边缘22116连续延伸至第四边缘22117。
作为示例，第一填充区域22111a的填充物沿第一方向B延伸，第二填充区域22111b的填充物沿第二方向C延伸，该第一填充区域22111a的填充物和第二填充区域22111b的填充物垂直相交。
该设计中，第一填充区域22111a的填充物从第一边缘22114连续延伸至第二边缘22115，该第一填充区域22111a的填充物能够提高泡沫金属层2211在第一方向B上的抗拉伸能力；第二填充区域22111b的填充物从第三边缘22116连续延伸至第四边缘22117，该第一填充区域22111a的填充物能够提高泡沫金属层2211在第二方向C上的抗拉伸能力。通过第一填充区域22111a的填充物和第二填充区域22111b的填充物配合，能够改善负极极片221整体受拉力产生变形的现象，能够进一步缓解电极组件22容易发生变形的问题。
继续参见图8，根据本申请的一些实施例，根据第一方面、第一方面的第一种示例至第一方面的第八种示例中的任一种，提出第一方面的第九种示例，在泡沫金属层的厚度方向A上，泡沫金属层2211的尺寸为H1，单个填充区域22111的填充物的厚度为H2，H2/H1＝(0.95～1)。
其中，H2/H1例如但不限于为0.95、0.96、0.97、0.98、0.99和1中的任意一者或者任意两者之间的范围值。
该设计中，单个填充区域22111的填充物的厚度接近或等于泡沫金属层2211的厚度，使得填充物基本上能够在泡沫金属层2211的整个厚度上进行支撑，进而使得负极极片221具有更好的承压能力，能够更好地缓解电极组件22容易发生变形的问题。
根据本申请的一些实施例，根据第一方面、第一方面的第一种示例至第一方面的第八种示例中的任一种，提出第一方面的第十种示例，在泡沫金属层的厚度方向A上，填充物相对的两侧表面为绝缘材料，且覆盖泡沫金属层2211相对的两侧表面。
填充物相对的两侧表面为绝缘材料，是指填充物相对的两侧表面绝缘。其中，填充区域22111可以全部采用绝缘材料作为填充物，使得填充区域22111的填充物整体都绝缘；填充区域22111也可以仅在两侧表面采用绝缘材料作为填充物，其在两侧表面之间的区域可以采用绝缘或者非绝缘的填充物。
填充物相对的两侧表面为绝缘材料且覆盖泡沫金属层2211相对的两侧表面，即填充物在泡沫金属层2211的表面形成对应的绝缘区域。作为示例，在泡沫金属层的厚度方向A上，填充区域22111的厚度与泡沫金属层2211的厚度基本相同，在保证填充物覆盖泡沫金属层2211的表面的情况下尽可能减小填充物对泡沫金属层2211的覆盖厚度。
该设计中，填充物在厚度方向上的两侧表面为绝缘材料并覆盖泡沫金属层2211的表面，能够避免锂金属等沉积在填充物的表面而导致局部膨胀力增大。
根据本申请的一些实施例，根据第一方面的第十种示例，提出第一方面的第十一种示例，填充物为聚合物；可选的，填充物为橡胶材料；可选的，橡胶材料包括天然橡胶、丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、异戊橡胶、氯丁橡胶、丁基橡胶、丁腈橡胶和硅橡胶中的一种或多种。
该设计中，填充物选择特定的种类，方便制造过程中进行填充，也方便形成绝缘表面。
参见图4、图9和图10，第二方面，本申请提供一种电极组件22，包括正极极片222、隔离膜223和上述实施例中的负极极片221，沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A，填充物的投影与正极极片的涂覆区2221的投影至少部分重叠。
在本申请中，电极组件22可以根据电池100设计进行配置，图中示出了双边出极耳的电极组件22。在其他实施方式中也可以将电极组件22设计为单边出极耳的形式。
第三方面，本申请提供一种电池单体20，包括外壳21以及上述实施例中的电极组件22，电极组件22容纳于外壳21内。
第四方面，本申请提供一种电池100，包括箱体10以及多个上述实施例中的电池单体20；多个电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。
第五方面，本申请提供一种用电设备，包括上述实施例中的电池单体20。
第六方面，本申请提供一种负极极片221的制造方法，包括在泡沫金属层2211的部分区域的孔隙中填充填充物形成填充区域22111；沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A，填充物的投影被配置为用于与正极极片的涂覆区2221的投影至少部分重叠。
参见图14，负极极片221的制造方法的工艺流程如下：
S1.提供泡沫金属层2211。
S2.在泡沫金属层2211的部分区域的孔隙中填充填充物形成填充区域22111。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，能够制造得到上述实施例中的负极极片221，从而能够缓解电极组件22容易发生变形的问题。
参见图15，第七方面，本申请提供一种负极极片的制造设备2000，包括提供装置2100，用于提供泡沫金属层2211；以及填充装置2200，用于在泡沫金属层2211的部分区域的孔隙中填充填充物，以形成填充区域22111；沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A，填充物的投影被配置为用于与正极极片的涂覆区2221的投影至少部分重叠。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，能够制造得到上述实施例中的负极极片221，从而能够缓解电极组件22容易发生变形的问题。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图4至图8，泡沫金属层2211包括负极主体22112和负极极耳22113，负极主体22112和负极极耳22113沿第一方向B分布，负极主体22112沿第一方向B相对的两端均具有填充区域22111。沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A，负极主体22112在第一方向B上两端的填充区域22111的投影分别与正极极片的涂覆区2221在第一方向B上的两个端部的投影重叠。
其中，填充区域22111的填充物沿第二方向C连续设置，L1≤L2＝L3，3％≤M2/M1≤10％。在泡沫金属层的厚度方向A上，填充区域22111的填充物相对的两侧表面为绝缘材料，且覆盖泡沫金属层2211相对的两侧表面；该填充区域22111的填充物的厚度与泡沫金属层2211的厚度基本相同。
试验例
参见图7和图8制备负极极片221：
采用孔隙率为80％的泡沫金属层2211作为负极极片221的基材，在预设区域的孔隙中填充丁腈橡胶形成填充区域22111。参见图7和图8，泡沫金属层2211包括负极主体22112和负极极耳22113，负极主体22112和负极极耳22113沿第一方向B分布，负极主体22112沿第一方向B相对的两端均具有填充区域22111。
泡沫金属层2211在A方向(泡沫金属层的厚度方向A)上的尺寸为200μm；泡沫金属层2211基材垂直于A方向的截面为矩形，在B方向(第一方向B)上的尺寸为6cm，在C方向(第二方向C)上的尺寸为4cm。
填充区域22111的填充物沿第二方向C连续设置，L2＝L3。在泡沫金属层的厚度方向A上，填充区域22111的填充物相对的两侧表面为绝缘材料，且覆盖泡沫金属层2211相对的两侧表面；该填充区域22111的填充物的厚度与泡沫金属层2211的厚度基本相同。
参见图5和图6准备正极极片222：
正极极片的涂覆区2221的材料为磷酸铁锂。
正极极片的涂覆区2221的材料为磷酸铁锂，正极极片的涂覆区2221垂直于A方向的截面为矩形，在B方向(第一方向B)上的尺寸为5cm，在C方向(第二方向C)上的尺寸为4cm，L1＝L2。
参见图4制备测试组件：
省略隔离膜223，将负极极片221和正极极片222参见图4的设计方式将一片负极极片221和一片正极极片222进行层叠，沿泡沫金属层的厚度方向A，负极主体22112在第一方向B上两端的填充区域22111的填充物的投影分别与正极极片的涂覆区2221在第一方向B上的两个端部的投影重叠。
保持正极极片222不变，通过调节填充区域22111的填充物填充位置的方式，调整M2/M1的值，得到不同实施例的测试组件，该各实施例的测试组件之间的区别仅在于M2/M1的值。
采用10cmx10cm的平板对分别对各实施例提供的测试组件施加500N的压力，统计负极极片221在压缩前后的厚度情况分析负极极片221的抗压变形能力。
其中，各实施例中，测试组件的M2/M1值以及厚度测试结果如表1所示。
表1.测试组件的M2/M1值以及厚度测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022078471-appb-000001
根据表1可见，当M2/M1的值达到3％以后，填充区域22111达到一定的密实度，能够较好地发挥支撑作用而有效防止负极极片221受压变形。当M2/M1的值上升到6％特别是10％以后，随着M2/M1的值的继续增大，在防止负极极片221受压变形的作用方面无明显提升，而此时未填充区域22110的占比会变小，会导致未填充区域22110可沉积的金属变少，从而会导致能量密度降低。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种负极极片，其中，包括泡沫金属层；
    所述泡沫金属层的部分为填充区域，所述填充区域的孔隙中填充有填充物；
    沿所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向，所述填充物的投影被配置为用于与正极极片的涂覆区的投影至少部分重叠。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的负极极片，其中，沿所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向，所述正极极片的涂覆区在第一方向上的至少一个端部的投影与所述填充物的投影重叠；
    所述第一方向与所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向垂直。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的负极极片，其中，所述泡沫金属层包括负极主体和负极极耳，所述负极主体和所述负极极耳沿第一方向分布，所述负极主体沿所述第一方向相对的两端均具有所述填充区域；
    所述第一方向与所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的负极极片，其中，所述填充物沿第二方向连续设置，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的负极极片，其中，在所述第二方向上，所述正极极片的涂覆区的尺寸为L1，单个所述填充区域的所述填充物的尺寸为L2，L1≤L2。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的负极极片，其中，在所述第二方向上，所述泡沫金属层的尺寸为L3，L2＝L3。
  7. 根据权利要求2～6中任一项所述的负极极片，其中，在所述第一方向上，所述正极极片的涂覆区的尺寸为M1，单个所述填充区域的所述填充物沿所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向的投影与所述正极极片的涂覆区沿所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向的投影的重叠区域的尺寸为M2，M2/M1≥3％。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的负极极片，其中，M2/M1≤10％。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的负极极片，其中，所述泡沫金属层包括沿第一方向分布的第一边缘和第二边缘以及沿第二方向分布的第三边缘和第四边缘；
    所述第一方向和所述第二方向相互垂直且均与所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向垂直；
    所述填充区域包括第一填充区域和第二填充区域，所述第一填充区域的所述填充物从所述第一边缘连续延伸至所述第二边缘，所述第二填充区域的所述填充物从所述第三边缘连续延伸至所述第四边缘。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9中任一项所述的负极极片，其中，在所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向上，所述泡沫金属层的尺寸为H1，单个所述填充区域的所述填充物的厚度为H2，H2/H1＝(0.95～1)。
  11. 根据权利要求1～9中任一项所述的负极极片，其中，在所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向上，所述填充物相对的两侧表面为绝缘材料，且覆盖所述泡沫金属层相对的两侧表面。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的负极极片，其中，所述填充物为聚合物；
    可选的，所述填充物为橡胶材料；
    可选的，所述橡胶材料包括天然橡胶、丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、异戊橡胶、氯丁橡胶、丁基橡胶、丁腈橡胶和硅橡胶中的一种或多种。
  13. 一种电极组件，其中，包括正极极片、隔离膜和如权利要求1～12中任一项所述的负极极片，沿所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向，所述填充物的投影与所述正极极片的涂覆区的投影至少部分重叠。
  14. 一种电池单体，其中，包括外壳以及如权利要求13所述的电极组件；
    所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳内。
  15. 一种电池，其中，包括箱体以及多个如权利要求14所述的电池单体；
    多个所述电池单体容纳于所述箱体内。
  16. 一种用电设备，其中，包括如权利要求14所述的电池单体。
  17. 一种负极极片的制造方法，其中，包括：
    在泡沫金属层的部分区域的孔隙中填充填充物形成填充区域；
    沿所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向，所述填充物的投影被配置为用于与正极极片的涂覆区的投影至少部分重叠。
  18. 一种负极极片的制造设备，其中，包括：
    提供装置，用于提供泡沫金属层；以及
    填充装置，用于在所述泡沫金属层的部分区域的孔隙中填充填充物，以形成填充区域；
    沿所述泡沫金属层的厚度方向，所述填充物的投影被配置为用于与正极极片的涂覆区的投影至少部分重叠。
PCT/CN2022/078471 2022-02-28 2022-02-28 负极极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池、用电设备及负极极片的制造方法和设备 WO2023159634A1 (zh)

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