WO2023156019A1 - Procédé et dispositif de surveillance d'une infrastructure de réseau à haute énergie - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de surveillance d'une infrastructure de réseau à haute énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023156019A1
WO2023156019A1 PCT/EP2022/054268 EP2022054268W WO2023156019A1 WO 2023156019 A1 WO2023156019 A1 WO 2023156019A1 EP 2022054268 W EP2022054268 W EP 2022054268W WO 2023156019 A1 WO2023156019 A1 WO 2023156019A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
time
magnetic field
dependent
signal
frequency
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/054268
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Biagio ZOCCOLILLO
Olivier BARTHE
Martin Heuschkel
Original Assignee
Energie Network Services Ag
Emhc Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energie Network Services Ag, Emhc Ag filed Critical Energie Network Services Ag
Priority to PCT/EP2022/054268 priority Critical patent/WO2023156019A1/fr
Publication of WO2023156019A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023156019A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
    • H02J3/0012—Contingency detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/0023—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration
    • G01R33/0029—Treating the measured signals, e.g. removing offset or noise
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/0094—Sensor arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/0206—Three-component magnetometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/028—Electrodynamic magnetometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
    • G01R23/16—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring a high-energy network infrastructure.
  • faults in dielectrics for example in insulators, surge arresters, switches, transformers, reactive current compensators, capacitors and other system components of a network infrastructure can generally be detected by analyzing small magnetic fields in the network infrastructure. This provides an opportunity to proactively coordinate the maintenance of the network infrastructure.
  • WO 2009037163 discloses a method and a device for measuring and/or calculating the magnitude and direction of the power flow in a power transmission line almost in real time. This includes the calculation of an active and a reactive power to determine a different power factor. Measurable power grid parameters such as shape, behavior, period and nominal frequency of magnetic field signals and voltage signals and higher and lower harmonic frequencies and their deviation relative to the expected power grid parameters are used.
  • the grid infrastructure for the secure supply of consumers with electrical energy has to be, despite strong fluctuations in some cases are kept stable and secure over the course of the day and year as production and consumption change.
  • the network infrastructure includes high-voltage lines such as overhead lines and/or underground cables, always designed as a three-wire system, and support masts.
  • the relevant system components of the grid infrastructure also include transformers, switches and secondary systems.
  • overhead lines are exposed to environmental influences, they are advantageous compared to underground cables in terms of the ability to localize and rectify faults.
  • Overhead pylons for high-voltage lines also known as high-voltage pylons, are equipped to accommodate three conductor cables or an integral multiple thereof.
  • Corresponding insulators are often hanging insulators, which are provided on high-voltage pylons designed as steel framework pylons.
  • a change in harmonic characteristics of dielectrics, such as insulators, of a transmission line can be measured using a parameter value detected by an electromagnetic sensor.
  • a magnetic field that can be measured on a monitored system component can be set in phase relationship with another signal that is synchronized with the mains frequency.
  • the signal values can be processed by transduction, for example filtered or cleaned up.
  • the amounts and relative phase angles of the signals can be converted into digital signals, evaluated and stored.
  • the digital signals can be analyzed and recorded, for example by means of a central processing unit.
  • a spectrum can be calculated by means of a fast Fourier transformation, it being possible by means of PLL, for example, to track the starting point of the period in the time range under consideration.
  • PLL fast Fourier transformation
  • other suitable calculation methods such as digitally realized lock-in amplifiers and digital detectors as well as narrow-band filters can be used.
  • spatially and temporally defined measuring points are defined, at which magnetic field sensors are arranged.
  • the values that can be recorded at the defined measuring point represent a superimposition of a large number of magnetic fields with different orientations and from different locations.
  • the parameters that can be assigned to the magnetic fields, which can be recorded and measured at the defined measuring point, must therefore be evaluated in such a way that that these can be assigned to the original current flows of the individual components of the high-energy network infrastructure.
  • the parameters of a magnetic field generated by the electric currents transported in the transmission lines that can be detected at the defined measuring point can be a spatial orientation, a geometric position in the network infrastructure relative to the position of the measuring point, a time profile, a phase position relative to a reference frequency, an intensity and/or be a spectral composition.
  • a definable spatial orientation of electromagnetic sensors for example magnetic field sensors, can be used.
  • At least one acceleration sensor is used to determine the position of the magnetic field sensors in space, in order to detect unwanted accelerations which can be caused, for example, by earthquakes, storms, sabotage and the like.
  • magnetic field sensors are used to determine the strength and/or direction of an electromagnetic field, ie a magnetic field, at a location.
  • a magnetic field sensor can be set up to measure changes in the flow of the magnetic field at defined time intervals or continuously. Magnetic field measurements may include peak, integral, shape, and/or frequency.
  • an exact, known position in space can be assigned to each of the magnetic field sensors that can be arranged.
  • the measurement data recorded and measured by the magnetic field sensors can be marked with a defined time code and/or a defined position information at the location of the measuring point and as an orientation in space. Based on this data, it is possible to create a model of the magnetic field in which the defined magnetic field sensor is placed.
  • the measuring arrangement for measuring the magnetic field comprises at least one three-dimensional ultra-sensitive magnetic field sensor.
  • these are magneto-resistive sensors, flux gate sensors and/or Hall sensors and/or combinations of these magnetic field sensor technologies in order to use the measurable magnetic field with a resolution of a few picotesla and/or a sensitivity in the nanotesla range to detect the leakage current or leakage currents in a dielectric component, such as an insulator, of the network infrastructure.
  • the magnetic field sensors mentioned are generally characterized by a strong dependency on the orientation of the magnetic field relative to the sensor and a strong dependency on the magnitude of the magnetic field. Accordingly, magnetic fields can be detected in all three spatial directions with one sensor unit.
  • the 3D magnetic field sensor can comprise individual sensor elements arranged directly adjacent to one another, of which one sensor element each is used for detecting a magnetic field in one spatial direction, with this having its defined sensitivity direction. Accordingly, specific and possibly different 3D magnetic field sensors can be combined in one assembly depending on the sensitivity range. The existing magnetic field is thus recorded using its vectorial individual components. The magnetic field vector at the location of the sensor element can be reconstructed in an evaluation unit by vectorial addition. Corresponding sensor elements are characterized by a high sensitivity, which is specified differently in the three spatial axes, as well as the possibility of compensating for offsets and temperature by means of integrated electronics.
  • a magnetic field sensor designed as a three-dimensional magnetoresistive sensor and a magnetic field sensor designed as a fluxgate sensor is preferably used, which has a corresponding number of sensitive measuring surfaces.
  • the sensitive measuring surfaces can be arranged approximately in the shape of a cross and form a kind of sensor array, so that a measurement of the three-dimensional magnetic field can be determined at the same location or at a common point. Measures such as shielding on the one hand and iron cores on the other, as well as a defined design of the magnetic field sensors and their technology, can make one of the axes more sensitive than the others Axles. Accordingly, magnetic sensitivities that are several powers of 10 higher can be achieved for one and/or two of the three measuring field components.
  • the at least one electromagnetic sensor is a coil probe and is set up for the high-resolution measurement of magnetic fields.
  • a measuring arrangement for measuring a magnetic field or a magnetic field change uses planar or toroidal coils for detecting magnetic fields in a detection plane whose surface normal is aligned perpendicular or transverse to the magnetic field component to be determined.
  • Magnetic field sensors designed as toroidal coils use the flux-conducting toroidal core to significantly increase the sensitivity in the detection plane compared to a planar coil.
  • magnetic field amplitudes can be determined over a wide range.
  • three mutually orthogonal elements can be combined with one another in order to determine the magnetic field vector.
  • such an arrangement can additionally include magnetic field sensors of the type magnetoresistive sensor, fluxgate sensor and/or Hall sensor in each of the three spatial axes.
  • the analysis includes a correlation of the harmonic components filtered out with the state of dielectrics.
  • This is based on the changing dielectric properties of the material, for example insulators, preferably silicone and its composite materials. Silicone-coated dielectrics are subject to a typical aging process. One of the consequences of this is that they have a spectrum that is characteristic of the aging condition when leakage current is flowing through them. Accordingly, the condition and/or an expected remaining service life of the dielectric can be inferred from the spectrum that can be determined, taking into account the conditions of use and taking into account parameters such as temperature, humidity, degree of contamination and other influencing factors.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
  • Time units can be defined and can be 20 ms or 1/50 s, for example.
  • the transformation can preferably take place by means of a Fourier transformation.
  • Detectable changes can be based on aging or damage.
  • the quality of the analysis increases with the available amount of data and/or by using artificial intelligence for a self-learning adaptation of the change patterns.
  • Changes can be traced back to abruptly occurring or gradual changed states of a monitored system component, which can be displayed to the system operator. Events such as an unexpected change, as well as information relevant in this context, can be displayed to the operator of the network infrastructure as acoustic and/or visual warnings on suitable devices.
  • a galvanic measurement can also be used as a measurement method, in particular where the measurement of a magnetic field is not possible and at the same time a corresponding physical intervention in the system is not disruptive.
  • a galvanic measurement involves de-energizing the system and arranging a measurement arrangement that measures the leakage current directly or via a current divider, e.g. a shunt. Leakage current is measured grounded to earth or zero potential.
  • this relates to a device for monitoring a network infrastructure with a large number of system components, which device comprises at least one electromagnetic sensor for measuring a three-dimensional magnetic field in at least one of the system components and for generating a time-dependent signal. Furthermore, means are provided for receiving the time-dependent signal and for analyzing this transformed and cleaned up. Changes can be determined from a comparison with stored data in connection with known change patterns.
  • a 3D fluxgate sensor, a magnetoresistive sensor and/or a Hall sensor can be provided as an electromagnetic sensor in the vicinity of the system component to be monitored.
  • the at least one electromagnetic sensor can also be electrically connected to the system component to be monitored if this is possible in the position.
  • the means include an algorithm, by means of which the signal values can be processed.
  • the signal values can be cleaned of interference components, converted into a Frequency-dependent spectrum transformed and / or reduced in terms of the frequency range under consideration.
  • the data processed in this way can be compared with stored data, which can be known change patterns and/or data that can be adapted on the basis of a self-learning system.
  • Adjustments to the device and/or the method can be made based on practical experience.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a measuring arrangement for measuring magnetic fields on a mast arm according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a signal recorded by the measuring arrangement and a representation of the transformed signals.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a measuring arrangement 10 for measuring a magnetic field in a component of a network infrastructure 1 .
  • the network infrastructure 1 comprises at least one overhead line 2 which is arranged on one of the plurality of mast brackets 3 .
  • a measuring arrangement 10 for example a 3D magnetic field sensor 12, is arranged close to the mast arm 3 for measuring the magnetic field.
  • the 3D magnetic field sensor 12 is arranged in such a way that it is aligned orthogonally to a main magnetic field induced by the useful current.
  • the 3D magnetic field sensor 12 is arranged close to the mast arm 3 .
  • An arrangement of the measuring arrangement 10 on the pylon arm 3 is advantageous compared to an arrangement at the base of an electricity pylon. Measurements at the base generally contain significantly more interference and extraneous influences, which have to be eliminated using complex methods in order to actually be able to serve as the basis for an interference analysis. Accordingly, despite a more complex arrangement of the measuring arrangement 10 on the mast arm 3, this is advantageous in order to enable a more precise localization of leakage currents that occur.
  • Measuring arrangement 10 comprising at least one 3D magnetic field sensor 12 is set up to measure leakage currents on dielectrics.
  • the temporal signals that can be detected in this way which are correspondingly cleaned and subjected to a transformation, serve as the basis for an analysis or a comparison with known change patterns in order to detect both spontaneously occurring and gradually changing states of the monitored dielectric component.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment in detail, with the measuring arrangement 10 being designed as a coil probe 14 for measuring the induced magnetic field.
  • the coil probe 14 comprises an excitation coil, an induction coil and a magnetic core, the measured external magnetic field, the basic magnetization of the magnetic core varies, with an induction current depending on the varying basic magnetization at the induction coil can be tapped as a measurement signal. Compensation for undesired magnetic field entries at the measuring point(s) can be achieved with a further 3D magnetic field sensor 12 in which these further sensors can be positioned in the vicinity of the known source of interference and thus also referenced in a signal evaluation.
  • the data originating from the measuring arrangement 10 over time is shown schematically in a graph.
  • the first curve 20 traces the course of the useful current, which can be seen as a fundamental wave with a frequency of 50 Hz.
  • the leakage current is represented by the second curve 22 and a third curve 24 represents the superimposition of the useful current and the leakage current.
  • the curves shown are idealized and simplified for better understanding.
  • the profile of the leakage current i.e. the profile of the second curve 22, is relevant for analyzing the status of the monitored system component.
  • the first harmonics i.e. integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. In the example shown, this is three times the fundamental frequency.
  • a frequency-dependent representation of the useful current 20 and the leakage current 22 can also be generated from the course of the third curve 24 or the current course over time and knowledge of the fundamental wave, as shown in FIG.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé et à un dispositif de surveillance d'une infrastructure de réseau présentant une pluralité de composants de système, le procédé consistant : à mesurer un champ magnétique tridimensionnel sur un composant de système en synchronisme de phase avec un champ magnétique principal induit par un courant utile et la génération d'un signal dépendant du temps qui est proportionnel au courant ; à diviser le signal dépendant du temps en unités de temps le long d'une période de la fréquence du système et de la position de phase du système ; à régler le signal dépendant du temps par élimination de parties de signal ; à transformer le signal dépendant du temps et réglé en un spectre dépendant de la fréquence ; à réduire le spectre dépendant de la fréquence en un nombre définissable d'harmoniques ; à comparer le spectre dépendant de la fréquence réduite avec des données, stockées dans une base de données, de motifs de changement ; et à délivrer une notification s'il existe des écarts du spectre détecté du composant de système surveillé par rapport à des motifs de changement.
PCT/EP2022/054268 2022-02-21 2022-02-21 Procédé et dispositif de surveillance d'une infrastructure de réseau à haute énergie WO2023156019A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PCT/EP2022/054268 WO2023156019A1 (fr) 2022-02-21 2022-02-21 Procédé et dispositif de surveillance d'une infrastructure de réseau à haute énergie

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2022/054268 WO2023156019A1 (fr) 2022-02-21 2022-02-21 Procédé et dispositif de surveillance d'une infrastructure de réseau à haute énergie

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009037163A2 (fr) 2007-09-17 2009-03-26 Ably As Procédé et appareil pour surveiller la transmission de puissance
WO2013135773A1 (fr) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Ably As Procédé et appareil de surveillance d'une transmission d'énergie électrique, de perturbations et de prévisions
US20190049492A1 (en) * 2016-02-11 2019-02-14 Live Power Intelligence Company Na, Llc System and Method of Power Grid Monitoring
WO2020162825A1 (fr) * 2019-02-08 2020-08-13 Exeri Ab Nœud, système et procédé de détection de défauts dans un réseau électrique aérien
WO2021048596A1 (fr) * 2019-09-12 2021-03-18 The University Of Hong Kong Détection d'anomalie dans des systèmes d'énergie
WO2022003452A1 (fr) * 2020-06-30 2022-01-06 Ren Pro, Sa Système de surveillance de courant de fuite et de contournement dans des isolateurs de ligne aérienne tht

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009037163A2 (fr) 2007-09-17 2009-03-26 Ably As Procédé et appareil pour surveiller la transmission de puissance
WO2013135773A1 (fr) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Ably As Procédé et appareil de surveillance d'une transmission d'énergie électrique, de perturbations et de prévisions
US20190049492A1 (en) * 2016-02-11 2019-02-14 Live Power Intelligence Company Na, Llc System and Method of Power Grid Monitoring
WO2020162825A1 (fr) * 2019-02-08 2020-08-13 Exeri Ab Nœud, système et procédé de détection de défauts dans un réseau électrique aérien
WO2021048596A1 (fr) * 2019-09-12 2021-03-18 The University Of Hong Kong Détection d'anomalie dans des systèmes d'énergie
WO2022003452A1 (fr) * 2020-06-30 2022-01-06 Ren Pro, Sa Système de surveillance de courant de fuite et de contournement dans des isolateurs de ligne aérienne tht

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