WO2023155178A1 - Method and system for researching lightning characteristics in specific area under influence of tropical cyclone - Google Patents
Method and system for researching lightning characteristics in specific area under influence of tropical cyclone Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023155178A1 WO2023155178A1 PCT/CN2022/076975 CN2022076975W WO2023155178A1 WO 2023155178 A1 WO2023155178 A1 WO 2023155178A1 CN 2022076975 W CN2022076975 W CN 2022076975W WO 2023155178 A1 WO2023155178 A1 WO 2023155178A1
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- the invention relates to a research method and system for lightning characteristics in a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone.
- Lightning is a strong discharge process that occurs between clouds or between clouds and the ground. It is also a serious natural disaster and has been rated as one of the ten most serious natural disasters. Forest and building fires caused by lightning not only cause huge economic losses, but also endanger people's lives.
- the invention provides a method for researching lightning characteristics in a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone, the method comprising the following steps: a. reading in a tropical cyclone data set and a lightning data set in batches according to time series, identifying the tropical cyclone data set and the Abnormal data in the lightning data set, and replace or delete; b. Filter tropical cyclones within a certain range from a specific area, and group them by tropical cyclone level; c. Filter lightning located in a specific area and count the occurrence of a specific area within an hour d.
- said step a includes:
- the data with null values is deleted, and the time format of the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set is unified as: hour-minute -Second.
- said step b includes:
- the geographical space distance is obtained by the following calculation formula:
- S is the distance between two points on the earth (km); R is the radius of the earth (km); L 1 and are the longitude and latitude of point A, L2 and are the longitude and latitude of point B.
- said step c specifically includes:
- said step d specifically includes the following steps:
- said step e specifically includes:
- the location of the weather station in the specific area is used as the origin of the coordinates, the east of the weather station is the positive direction of the x-axis, and the north of the weather station is the positive direction of the y-axis to establish a coordinate system.
- said step e specifically includes:
- the number of tropical cyclone points of different grades and the number of lightning in the specific area under the influence of the tropical cyclone within the range of 1000 km from the weather station in the specific area are counted separately to obtain the impact of the tropical cyclone on the lightning in the specific area within different distances .
- said step f specifically includes:
- the effect of the N known points on the predicted point is inversely proportional to the distance between them, and the distance predicted
- the weight of the known point closer to the point is greater, and the weight sum of all known points is 1;
- the inverse distance weighting method is used to interpolate to obtain the specific area when the tropical cyclone is in the unknown point coordinates total number of lightning bolts.
- the present invention provides a lightning feature research system in a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone.
- the system includes an identification module, a grouping module, a statistics module, a merger module, a processing module and a spatial distribution module, wherein: the identification module is used to classify Batch read in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set, identify the abnormal data in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set, and replace or delete them; the grouping module is used to filter tropical cyclones within a certain range from a specific area Cyclone, and grouped by tropical cyclone level; the statistical module is used to filter the lightning located in a specific area and count the number of lightning that occurred in a specific area per hour; the merge module is used to analyze the tropical cyclone data set and lightning The data sets are merged to obtain the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone at a certain moment, and the number of lightnings that occur in a specific area of the tropical cyclone at the same time; the processing module is
- the invention is aimed at studying the lightning situation in a specific area when a tropical cyclone occurs, and has universality. Moreover, the present invention divides tropical cyclones into different grades, different quadrants, and different distances, and adopts the inverse distance weighting method to interpolate to obtain the lightning spatial distribution in a specific area under the influence of tropical cyclones. The characteristics of lightning activity in a specific area can be intuitively obtained when the tropical cyclone is in different positions. The invention has important reference value for the forecast of lightning activity in a specific area under the influence of tropical cyclone.
- Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for researching lightning characteristics in specific areas under the influence of tropical cyclones of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of all tropical cyclone points of different quadrants and different grades provided by the embodiment of the present invention and the tropical cyclone points engraved with lightning at the same time: wherein, black is the tropical cyclone points, and gray is the tropical cyclone points engraved with lightning at the same time , (a) the first quadrant; (b) the second quadrant; (c) the third quadrant; (d) the fourth quadrant;
- Fig. 3 a is a schematic diagram of the number of tropical cyclones in different ranges provided by the embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 3 b is a schematic diagram of the number of lightning in Shenzhen under the influence of tropical cyclones in different ranges provided by the embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of lightning in Shenzhen under the influence of different levels of tropical cyclones provided by the embodiment of the present invention: wherein, (a) TD; (b) TS; (c) STS; (d) TY; (e) SSTY;
- Fig. 5 is a hardware architecture diagram of a system for researching lightning characteristics in a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 it is the operational flow diagram of the preferred embodiment of the method for researching lightning characteristics in specific areas under the influence of tropical cyclones of the present invention.
- Shenzhen area is taken as an example to study the characteristics of lightning in the Shenzhen area under the influence of tropical cyclones. It is worth noting that this method is universal, not only suitable for the study of lightning conditions in Shenzhen, but also suitable for other regions.
- Step S1 read in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set in batches according to time series, identify abnormal data in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set, and replace or delete them.
- Step S1 read in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set in batches according to time series, identify abnormal data in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set, and replace or delete them.
- this embodiment deletes the data with null values after reading the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set in time series, And the time format of the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set is unified as: hour-minute-second.
- step S2 the tropical cyclones within 1000km from the Shenzhen meteorological station are screened and grouped according to the grade of the tropical cyclones. in particular:
- this embodiment selects the tropical cyclones within 1000km from the Shenzhen weather station. According to the latitude and longitude coordinates of the Shenzhen meteorological station and the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone, the geographical space distance between the two is calculated.
- S is the distance between two points on the earth (km); R is the radius of the earth (km); L 1 and are the longitude and latitude of point A, L2 and are the longitude and latitude of point B.
- Step S3 screening the lightning in the Shenzhen area and counting the number of lightning in the Shenzhen area per hour. in particular:
- the lightning data set is not limited to the lightning located in Shenzhen, it is necessary to filter out the lightning located only in the Shenzhen area. According to the longitude and latitude coordinates when the lightning occurs, it is judged one by one whether the lightning is located in the Shenzhen area. Make hourly statistics on the filtered data set, which is divided into 24 hours (Beijing time) such as: 0:00-1:00, 1:00-2:00...23:00-24:00 (Beijing time). The total number of lightning strikes in the Shenzhen area within an hour.
- step S4 the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set are merged according to time series to obtain the number of lightning that occurs in the Shenzhen area at the same moment of the tropical cyclone. in particular:
- the processed tropical cyclone data set and lightning data set were merged according to the time series to obtain the level of tropical cyclone, latitude and longitude coordinates and the total number of lightning in Shenzhen within one hour at that moment.
- Step S5 study the characteristics of lightning in Shenzhen under the influence of tropical cyclones in different quadrants and different distances.
- the coordinate system is established with the location of the Shenzhen weather station as the coordinate origin, the east of the weather station as the positive direction of the x-axis, and the north of the weather station as the positive direction of the y-axis.
- Tropical cyclone points where lightning occurs can be obtained when they are located in different quadrants (see Figure 3a).
- step S6 interpolation is performed with the inverse distance weighting method based on the existing data to obtain the spatial distribution of lightning in Shenzhen under the influence of tropical cyclones.
- the inverse distance weighting method assumes that all known points will have a certain effect on the value of the predicted point, and the effect of the value of any known point on the value of the predicted point is related to the distance. The closer the known point is to the predicted point, the greater the effect, and the farther the distance, the smaller the effect.
- the N known points closest to the estimated predicted point have an effect on the predicted point, and the effect of the N known points on the predicted point is inversely proportional to the distance between them.
- the weight of known points closer to the predicted point is greater, and the weight sum of all known points is 1.
- the total number of lightnings in Shenzhen when the tropical cyclone is in the unknown point coordinates is interpolated by using the inverse distance weighting method ( See Figure 4).
- FIG. 5 it is a hardware architecture diagram of a system 10 for researching lightning characteristics in a specific area under the influence of tropical cyclones according to the present invention.
- the system includes: an identification module 101 , a grouping module 102 , a statistical module 103 , a merging module 104 , a processing module 105 and a spatial distribution module 106 . in:
- the identification module 101 is used to read in batches of tropical cyclone data sets and lightning data sets in time series, identify abnormal data in the tropical cyclone data sets and the lightning data sets, and replace or delete them;
- the grouping module 102 is used for screening tropical cyclones within a certain range from a specific area, and grouping by tropical cyclone grade;
- the statistical module 103 is used to screen the lightning located in a specific area and count the number of lightnings that occur in a specific area per hour;
- the merging module 104 is used to merge the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set in time series, to obtain the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone at a certain moment, and the number of lightnings that occur in a specific area of the tropical cyclone at the same moment;
- the processing module 105 is used to study the lightning characteristics of a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone in different quadrants and different distances;
- the spatial distribution module 106 is used to perform interpolation using the inverse distance weighting method according to the level of the tropical cyclone, the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone, and the number of lightnings that occurred in a specific area within one hour of the occurrence of the tropical cyclone, so as to obtain the space of lightning in a specific area under the influence of the tropical cyclone. Distribution.
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Abstract
A system and method for researching lightning characteristics in a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone. The research method comprises: reading a tropical cyclone data set and a lightning data set, recognizing abnormal data, and replacing or deleting same (S1); screening for tropical cyclones within a certain range from a specific area, and grouping same according to the tropical cyclone level (S2); screening for lightning located in the specific area and counting the number of lightning occurrences in the specific area within each hour (S3); merging the tropical cyclone data set with the lightning data set to obtain longitude and latitude coordinates of the tropical cyclones at a certain moment, and the number of lightning occurrences in the specific area at the same moment as the tropical cyclones (S4); researching lightning characteristics in the specific area under the influence of the tropical cyclones in terms of different quadrants and different distances (S5); and obtaining the spatial distribution condition of lightning in the specific area under the influence of the tropical cyclones (S6). According to the research method, lightning activity characteristics in a specific area when the tropical cyclones are at different locations can be obtained visually, and the research method is universal.
Description
本发明涉及一种热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电特征研究方法及系统。The invention relates to a research method and system for lightning characteristics in a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone.
闪电是发生在云与云或云与地之间的强放电过程，也是一种严重的自然灾害，曾被评为十大最严重的自然灾害之一。闪电引发的森林和建筑火灾不仅对经济造成巨大的损失，更是危害人民生命安全。Lightning is a strong discharge process that occurs between clouds or between clouds and the ground. It is also a serious natural disaster and has been rated as one of the ten most serious natural disasters. Forest and building fires caused by lightning not only cause huge economic losses, but also endanger people's lives.
据相关资料统计，全球每年因闪电造成的经济损失高达数十亿美元以上，每年因闪电造成的伤亡人数达万人之巨。许多观测和研究证明，热带气旋系统常常发生闪电活动。因此，研究热带气旋影响下的区域闪电特征对经济发展具有重要现实意义。According to relevant statistics, the economic losses caused by lightning every year in the world are as high as billions of dollars, and the number of casualties caused by lightning every year reaches 10,000. Many observations and studies have proved that lightning activities often occur in tropical cyclone systems. Therefore, the study of regional lightning characteristics under the influence of tropical cyclones has important practical significance for economic development.
然而，现有技术要么只研究某个区域的闪电活动特征，要么只研究一个热带气旋发生过程中所在位置的闪电活动特征，尚未出现一种涉及热带气旋影响下的区域闪电特征研究方法或系统。However, the existing technologies either only study the characteristics of lightning activity in a certain area, or only study the characteristics of lightning activity at the location where a tropical cyclone occurs, and there is no method or system for the study of regional lightning characteristics under the influence of tropical cyclones.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电特征研究方法及系统。In view of this, it is necessary to provide a method and system for studying the characteristics of lightning in a specific area under the influence of tropical cyclones.
本发明提供一种热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电特征研究方法，该方法包括如下步骤：a.按时间序列分批读入热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集，识别所述热带气旋数据集和所述闪电数据集中的异常数据，并进行替代或删除；b.筛选距离特定区域一定范围内的热带气旋，并按热带气旋等级进行分组；c.筛选位于特定区域的闪电并统计每小时内特定区域发生的闪电数；d.按时间序列对热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集进行合并，得到某时刻下热带气旋的经纬度坐标，及热带气旋同时刻特定区域发生的闪电数；e.分不同象限、不同距离研究热带气旋影响下特定区域的闪电特征；f.根据热带气旋等级、热带气旋经纬度坐标、 该热带气旋发生一小时内特定区域发生的闪电数，利用反距离权重法进行插值，得到热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电的空间分布情况。The invention provides a method for researching lightning characteristics in a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone, the method comprising the following steps: a. reading in a tropical cyclone data set and a lightning data set in batches according to time series, identifying the tropical cyclone data set and the Abnormal data in the lightning data set, and replace or delete; b. Filter tropical cyclones within a certain range from a specific area, and group them by tropical cyclone level; c. Filter lightning located in a specific area and count the occurrence of a specific area within an hour d. Merge the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set according to the time series to obtain the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone at a certain moment, and the number of lightning that occurred in a specific area of the tropical cyclone at the same time; e. Divide into different quadrants, different Distance studies the characteristics of lightning in a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone; f. According to the level of the tropical cyclone, the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone, and the number of lightning that occurred in a specific area within one hour of the occurrence of the tropical cyclone, use the inverse distance weighting method to interpolate to obtain the impact of the tropical cyclone The spatial distribution of lightning in a specific area.
优选地，所述的步骤a包括：Preferably, said step a includes:
按时间序列读取所述热带气旋数据集和所述闪电数据集后对存在空值的数据进行删除，并将所述热带气旋数据集和所述闪电数据集的时间格式统一为：时-分-秒。After reading the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set in time series, the data with null values is deleted, and the time format of the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set is unified as: hour-minute -Second.
优选地，所述的步骤b包括：Preferably, said step b includes:
根据所述特定区域的经纬度坐标和热带气旋的经纬度坐标，计算所述特定区域与热带气旋之间的地理空间距离；calculating the geospatial distance between the specific area and the tropical cyclone according to the latitude and longitude coordinates of the specific area and the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone;
根据热带气旋等级，即热带低压、热带风暴、强热带风暴、台风、强台风、超强台风进行分组；According to the level of tropical cyclone, namely tropical depression, tropical storm, severe tropical storm, typhoon, strong typhoon, super typhoon;
由于超强台风和强台风样本数相对于其他强度类别的热带气旋要少一些，故将超强台风和强台风合并为一类，将其命名为SSTY，最终得到五类不同等级的热带气旋数据集。Since the number of samples of super typhoon and strong typhoon is less than that of tropical cyclones of other intensity categories, super typhoon and strong typhoon are combined into one category, named SSTY, and finally five types of tropical cyclone data of different levels are obtained set.
优选地，其特征在于：Preferably, it is characterized in that:
所述地理空间距离通过如下计算公式得到：The geographical space distance is obtained by the following calculation formula:
其中，S是地球上两点间距离(km)；R是地球的半径(km)；L
1和
是A点的经度和纬度，L
2和
是B点的经度和纬度。
Among them, S is the distance between two points on the earth (km); R is the radius of the earth (km); L 1 and are the longitude and latitude of point A, L2 and are the longitude and latitude of point B.
优选地，所述的步骤c具体包括：Preferably, said step c specifically includes:
根据闪电发生时的经纬度坐标来逐一判断该闪电是否位于所述特定区域；Judging whether the lightning is located in the specific area one by one according to the latitude and longitude coordinates when the lightning occurs;
对筛选后的数据集做逐时统计，即分为：0:00-1:00，1:00-2:00…23:00-24:00二十四个时次，统计每小时内所述特定区域的闪电总数。Make hourly statistics on the filtered data set, which is divided into twenty-four hours: 0:00-1:00, 1:00-2:00...23:00-24:00, and count all The total number of lightning bolts in the specified area.
优选地，所述的步骤d具体包括如下步骤：Preferably, said step d specifically includes the following steps:
将处理后的热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集根据时间序列进行合并，得到该时刻下热带气旋的等级、经纬度坐标及一小时内所述特定区域发生的闪电总数。Merge the processed tropical cyclone data set and lightning data set according to the time series to obtain the level of tropical cyclone, latitude and longitude coordinates and the total number of lightning in the specific area within one hour at that moment.
优选地，所述的步骤e具体包括：Preferably, said step e specifically includes:
以所述特定区域内气象站的位置为坐标原点，气象站以东为x轴正方向，气象站以北为y轴正方向建立坐标系，分别按照等级统计第一象限、第二象限、第三象限、第四象限的热带气旋点数和同时刻所述特定区域有闪电发生的热带气旋点数，从而得到不同等级的热带气旋位于不同象限时对所述特定区域闪电的影响。The location of the weather station in the specific area is used as the origin of the coordinates, the east of the weather station is the positive direction of the x-axis, and the north of the weather station is the positive direction of the y-axis to establish a coordinate system. Three quadrants, the number of tropical cyclones in the fourth quadrant and the number of tropical cyclones with lightning in the specific area at the same time, so as to obtain the impact of different grades of tropical cyclones on the lightning in the specific area when they are located in different quadrants.
优选地，所述的步骤e具体包括：Preferably, said step e specifically includes:
分别统计距离所述特定区域内气象站1000km范围内每100km内不同等级的热带气旋点数和热带气旋影响下所述特定区域的闪电数，得到不同距离范围内热带气旋对所述特定区域闪电的影响。The number of tropical cyclone points of different grades and the number of lightning in the specific area under the influence of the tropical cyclone within the range of 1000 km from the weather station in the specific area are counted separately to obtain the impact of the tropical cyclone on the lightning in the specific area within different distances .
优选地，所述的步骤f具体包括：Preferably, said step f specifically includes:
在估计预测点数值时，假设距离估计预测点最近的N个已知点对该预测点有作用，则所述N个已知点对预测点的作用和它们之间的距离成反比，距离预测点更近的已知点的权重更大，所有已知点的权重和为1；When estimating the value of the predicted point, assuming that the N known points closest to the estimated predicted point have an effect on the predicted point, the effect of the N known points on the predicted point is inversely proportional to the distance between them, and the distance predicted The weight of the known point closer to the point is greater, and the weight sum of all known points is 1;
根据已得到的数据，即热带气旋等级、热带气旋经纬度坐标、该热带气旋发生一小时内所述特定区域的闪电总数，利用反距离权重法进行插值得到热带气旋在未知点坐标时所述特定区域的闪电总数。According to the obtained data, that is, the grade of the tropical cyclone, the longitude and latitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone, and the total number of lightning in the specific area within one hour of the occurrence of the tropical cyclone, the inverse distance weighting method is used to interpolate to obtain the specific area when the tropical cyclone is in the unknown point coordinates total number of lightning bolts.
本发明提供一种热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电特征研究系统，该系统包括识别模块、分组模块、统计模块、合并模块、处理模块以及空间分布模块，其中：所述识别模块用于按时间序列分批读入热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集，识别所述热带气旋数据集和所述闪电数据集中的异常数据，并进行替代或删除；所述分组模块用于筛选距离特定区域一定范围内的热带气旋，并按热带气旋等级进行分组；所述统计模块用于筛选位于特定区域的闪电并统计每小时内特定区域发生的闪电数；所述合并模块用于按时间序列对热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集进行合并，得到某时刻下热带气旋的经纬度坐标，及热带气旋同时刻特定区域发生的闪电数；所述处理模块用于分不同象限、不同距离研究热带气旋影 响下特定区域的闪电特征；所述空间分布模块用于根据热带气旋等级、热带气旋经纬度坐标、该热带气旋发生一小时内特定区域发生的闪电数，利用反距离权重法进行插值，得到热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电的空间分布情况。The present invention provides a lightning feature research system in a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone. The system includes an identification module, a grouping module, a statistics module, a merger module, a processing module and a spatial distribution module, wherein: the identification module is used to classify Batch read in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set, identify the abnormal data in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set, and replace or delete them; the grouping module is used to filter tropical cyclones within a certain range from a specific area Cyclone, and grouped by tropical cyclone level; the statistical module is used to filter the lightning located in a specific area and count the number of lightning that occurred in a specific area per hour; the merge module is used to analyze the tropical cyclone data set and lightning The data sets are merged to obtain the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone at a certain moment, and the number of lightnings that occur in a specific area of the tropical cyclone at the same time; the processing module is used to study the lightning characteristics of a specific area under the influence of the tropical cyclone in different quadrants and different distances; The spatial distribution module is used to interpolate using the inverse distance weighting method to obtain the spatial distribution of lightning in a specific area under the influence of the tropical cyclone according to the tropical cyclone level, the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone, and the number of lightnings that occurred in a specific area within one hour of the occurrence of the tropical cyclone. Condition.
本发明针对热带气旋发生时某一特定区域的闪电情况进行研究，具有通用性。且本发明将热带气旋分为不同等级、不同象限、不同距离，并采取反距离权重法插值得到热带气旋影响下特定区域的闪电空间分布情况。能够很直观地得到热带气旋在不同位置时，特定区域的闪电活动特征。本发明对热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电活动的预报有重要参考价值。The invention is aimed at studying the lightning situation in a specific area when a tropical cyclone occurs, and has universality. Moreover, the present invention divides tropical cyclones into different grades, different quadrants, and different distances, and adopts the inverse distance weighting method to interpolate to obtain the lightning spatial distribution in a specific area under the influence of tropical cyclones. The characteristics of lightning activity in a specific area can be intuitively obtained when the tropical cyclone is in different positions. The invention has important reference value for the forecast of lightning activity in a specific area under the influence of tropical cyclone.
图1为本发明热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电特征研究方法的流程图；Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for researching lightning characteristics in specific areas under the influence of tropical cyclones of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的不同象限不同等级的所有热带气旋点数和同时刻有闪电发生的热带气旋点数的示意图：其中，黑色为热带气旋点数,灰色为同时刻有闪电发生的热带气旋点数，(a)第一象限；(b)第二象限；(c)第三象限；(d)第四象限；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of all tropical cyclone points of different quadrants and different grades provided by the embodiment of the present invention and the tropical cyclone points engraved with lightning at the same time: wherein, black is the tropical cyclone points, and gray is the tropical cyclone points engraved with lightning at the same time , (a) the first quadrant; (b) the second quadrant; (c) the third quadrant; (d) the fourth quadrant;
图3a为本发明实施例提供的不同范围内各等级热带气旋数的示意图；图3b为本发明实施例提供的不同范围热带气旋影响下深圳闪电数的示意图；Fig. 3 a is a schematic diagram of the number of tropical cyclones in different ranges provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 b is a schematic diagram of the number of lightning in Shenzhen under the influence of tropical cyclones in different ranges provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的不同等级热带气旋影响下深圳闪电空间分布示意图：其中，(a)TD；(b)TS；(c)STS；(d)TY；(e)SSTY；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of lightning in Shenzhen under the influence of different levels of tropical cyclones provided by the embodiment of the present invention: wherein, (a) TD; (b) TS; (c) STS; (d) TY; (e) SSTY;
图5为本发明热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电特征研究系统的硬件架构图。Fig. 5 is a hardware architecture diagram of a system for researching lightning characteristics in a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone according to the present invention.
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present application, not to limit the present application.
参阅图1所示，是本发明热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电特征研究方法较佳 实施例的作业流程图。Referring to shown in Fig. 1, it is the operational flow diagram of the preferred embodiment of the method for researching lightning characteristics in specific areas under the influence of tropical cyclones of the present invention.
本实施例以深圳地区为例，研究深圳地区在热带气旋影响下的闪电特征。值得说明的是，该方法具有通用性，不仅适合对深圳地区的闪电情况进行研究，也适合于其他地区。In this embodiment, the Shenzhen area is taken as an example to study the characteristics of lightning in the Shenzhen area under the influence of tropical cyclones. It is worth noting that this method is universal, not only suitable for the study of lightning conditions in Shenzhen, but also suitable for other regions.
步骤S1，按时间序列分批读入热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集，识别所述热带气旋数据集和所述闪电数据集中的异常数据，并进行替代或删除。具体而言：Step S1, read in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set in batches according to time series, identify abnormal data in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set, and replace or delete them. in particular:
由于热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集中的原始数据可能存在数据缺失或数据异常，本实施例按时间序列读取所述热带气旋数据集和所述闪电数据集后对存在空值的数据进行删除，并将所述热带气旋数据集和所述闪电数据集的时间格式统一为：时-分-秒。Since the original data in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set may have data missing or abnormal data, this embodiment deletes the data with null values after reading the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set in time series, And the time format of the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set is unified as: hour-minute-second.
步骤S2，筛选距离深圳气象站1000km范围内的热带气旋并按热带气旋等级进行分组。具体而言：In step S2, the tropical cyclones within 1000km from the Shenzhen meteorological station are screened and grouped according to the grade of the tropical cyclones. in particular:
由于距离太远的热带气旋对深圳地区影响较弱，所以本实施例选取距离深圳气象站1000km范围内的热带气旋。根据深圳气象站的经纬度坐标和热带气旋的经纬度坐标计算两者的地理空间距离。根据热带气旋生命史的不同强度，即热带低压(tropical depression,TD)、热带风暴(tropical storm,TS)、强热带风暴(severe tropical storm,STS)、台风(typhoon,TY)、强台风(severe typhoon,STY)、超强台风(super typhoon,Super TY)进行分组。由于超强台风和强台风样本数相对于其他强度类别的热带气旋要少一些，所以本实施例将超强台风和强台风合并为一类，将其命名为SSTY。最终得到五类不同等级的热带气旋数据集。Since the tropical cyclones that are too far away have a weak impact on the Shenzhen area, this embodiment selects the tropical cyclones within 1000km from the Shenzhen weather station. According to the latitude and longitude coordinates of the Shenzhen meteorological station and the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone, the geographical space distance between the two is calculated. According to the different intensities of the life history of tropical cyclones, namely tropical depression (tropical depression, TD), tropical storm (tropical storm, TS), severe tropical storm (severe tropical storm, STS), typhoon (typhoon, TY), severe typhoon (severe typhoon) typhoon, STY) and super typhoon (super typhoon, Super TY). Since the number of samples of super typhoon and strong typhoon is less than that of tropical cyclones of other intensity categories, this embodiment combines super typhoon and strong typhoon into one category and names it SSTY. Finally, five types of tropical cyclone datasets of different grades were obtained.
地理空间距离计算公式如下：The formula for calculating the geospatial distance is as follows:
其中，S是地球上两点间距离(km)；R是地球的半径(km)；L
1和
是A点的经度和纬度，L
2和
是B点的经度和纬度。
Among them, S is the distance between two points on the earth (km); R is the radius of the earth (km); L 1 and are the longitude and latitude of point A, L2 and are the longitude and latitude of point B.
步骤S3，筛选位于深圳地区的闪电并统计每小时内深圳地区发生的闪电数。具体而言：Step S3, screening the lightning in the Shenzhen area and counting the number of lightning in the Shenzhen area per hour. in particular:
由于所述闪电数据集不只是位于深圳的闪电，故需要筛选出只位于深圳地区的闪电。根据闪电发生时的经纬度坐标来逐一判断该闪电是否位于深圳地区。对筛选后的数据集做逐时统计，即分为：0:00-1:00，1:00-2:00…23:00-24:00等24个时次(北京时)，统计每小时内深圳地区的闪电总数。Since the lightning data set is not limited to the lightning located in Shenzhen, it is necessary to filter out the lightning located only in the Shenzhen area. According to the longitude and latitude coordinates when the lightning occurs, it is judged one by one whether the lightning is located in the Shenzhen area. Make hourly statistics on the filtered data set, which is divided into 24 hours (Beijing time) such as: 0:00-1:00, 1:00-2:00...23:00-24:00 (Beijing time). The total number of lightning strikes in the Shenzhen area within an hour.
步骤S4，按时间序列对热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集进行合并，得到热带气旋同时刻深圳地区发生的闪电数。具体而言：In step S4, the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set are merged according to time series to obtain the number of lightning that occurs in the Shenzhen area at the same moment of the tropical cyclone. in particular:
将处理后的热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集根据时间序列进行合并，得到该时刻下热带气旋的等级、经纬度坐标及一小时内深圳地区发生的闪电总数。The processed tropical cyclone data set and lightning data set were merged according to the time series to obtain the level of tropical cyclone, latitude and longitude coordinates and the total number of lightning in Shenzhen within one hour at that moment.
步骤S5，分不同象限、不同距离研究热带气旋影响下深圳地区闪电特征。Step S5, study the characteristics of lightning in Shenzhen under the influence of tropical cyclones in different quadrants and different distances.
以深圳气象站的位置为坐标原点，气象站以东为x轴正方向，气象站以北为y轴正方向建立坐标系。请参阅图2，分别按照等级统计第一象限(东北方向)、第二象限(西北方向)、第三象限(西南方向)、第四象限(东南方向)的热带气旋点数和同时刻深圳地区有闪电发生的热带气旋点数。从而得到不同等级的热带气旋位于不同象限时对深圳地区闪电的影响(请参阅图3a)。The coordinate system is established with the location of the Shenzhen weather station as the coordinate origin, the east of the weather station as the positive direction of the x-axis, and the north of the weather station as the positive direction of the y-axis. Please refer to Figure 2, the number of tropical cyclone points in the first quadrant (northeast direction), the second quadrant (northwest direction), the third quadrant (southwest direction), and the fourth quadrant (southeast direction) and the number of tropical cyclones in the Shenzhen area at the same time according to their grades. Tropical cyclone points where lightning occurs. Thus, the influence of tropical cyclones of different grades on lightning in Shenzhen can be obtained when they are located in different quadrants (see Figure 3a).
分别统计距离深圳气象站1000km范围内每100km内不同等级的热带气旋点数和热带气旋影响下深圳地区的闪电数，得到不同距离范围内热带气旋对深圳地区闪电的影响(请参阅图3b)。The number of tropical cyclone points of different grades per 100 km within 1000 km from the Shenzhen Meteorological Station and the number of lightning in Shenzhen under the influence of tropical cyclones were counted separately to obtain the impact of tropical cyclones on lightning in Shenzhen within different distances (see Figure 3b).
步骤S6，根据已有数据用反距离权重法进行插值，得到热带气旋影响下深圳地区闪电的空间分布情况。In step S6, interpolation is performed with the inverse distance weighting method based on the existing data to obtain the spatial distribution of lightning in Shenzhen under the influence of tropical cyclones.
反距离权重法假设所有的已知点对于预测点的值都会有一定作用，任意一个已知点的值对预测点值的作用与距离有关。已知点距离预测点越近作用越大，距离越远作用越小。The inverse distance weighting method assumes that all known points will have a certain effect on the value of the predicted point, and the effect of the value of any known point on the value of the predicted point is related to the distance. The closer the known point is to the predicted point, the greater the effect, and the farther the distance, the smaller the effect.
在估计预测点数值时,假设距离估计预测点最近的N个已知点对该预测点有作用，则所述N个已知点对预测点的作用和它们之间的距离成反比。距离预测点更近的已知点的权重更大，所有已知点的权重和为1。When estimating the value of the predicted point, it is assumed that the N known points closest to the estimated predicted point have an effect on the predicted point, and the effect of the N known points on the predicted point is inversely proportional to the distance between them. The weight of known points closer to the predicted point is greater, and the weight sum of all known points is 1.
根据已得到的数据，即热带气旋等级、热带气旋经纬度坐标、该热带气旋发生一小时内深圳地区的闪电总数，用反距离权重法进行插值得到热带气旋在未知点坐标时深圳地区的闪电总数(请参阅图4)。According to the obtained data, that is, the grade of the tropical cyclone, the longitude and latitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone, and the total number of lightnings in Shenzhen within one hour of the occurrence of the tropical cyclone, the total number of lightnings in Shenzhen when the tropical cyclone is in the unknown point coordinates is interpolated by using the inverse distance weighting method ( See Figure 4).
参阅图5所示，是本发明热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电特征研究系统10的硬件架构图。该系统包括：识别模块101、分组模块102、统计模块103、合并模块104、处理模块105以及空间分布模块106。其中：Referring to FIG. 5 , it is a hardware architecture diagram of a system 10 for researching lightning characteristics in a specific area under the influence of tropical cyclones according to the present invention. The system includes: an identification module 101 , a grouping module 102 , a statistical module 103 , a merging module 104 , a processing module 105 and a spatial distribution module 106 . in:
所述识别模块101用于按时间序列分批读入热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集，识别所述热带气旋数据集和所述闪电数据集中的异常数据，并进行替代或删除；The identification module 101 is used to read in batches of tropical cyclone data sets and lightning data sets in time series, identify abnormal data in the tropical cyclone data sets and the lightning data sets, and replace or delete them;
所述分组模块102用于筛选距离特定区域一定范围内的热带气旋，并按热带气旋等级进行分组；The grouping module 102 is used for screening tropical cyclones within a certain range from a specific area, and grouping by tropical cyclone grade;
所述统计模块103用于筛选位于特定区域的闪电并统计每小时内特定区域发生的闪电数；The statistical module 103 is used to screen the lightning located in a specific area and count the number of lightnings that occur in a specific area per hour;
所述合并模块104用于按时间序列对热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集进行合并，得到某时刻下热带气旋的经纬度坐标，及热带气旋同时刻特定区域发生的闪电数；The merging module 104 is used to merge the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set in time series, to obtain the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone at a certain moment, and the number of lightnings that occur in a specific area of the tropical cyclone at the same moment;
所述处理模块105用于分不同象限、不同距离研究热带气旋影响下特定区域的闪电特征；The processing module 105 is used to study the lightning characteristics of a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone in different quadrants and different distances;
所述空间分布模块106用于根据热带气旋等级、热带气旋经纬度坐标、该 热带气旋发生一小时内特定区域发生的闪电数，利用反距离权重法进行插值，得到热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电的空间分布情况。The spatial distribution module 106 is used to perform interpolation using the inverse distance weighting method according to the level of the tropical cyclone, the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone, and the number of lightnings that occurred in a specific area within one hour of the occurrence of the tropical cyclone, so as to obtain the space of lightning in a specific area under the influence of the tropical cyclone. Distribution.
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本发明中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本发明所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本发明所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined in this invention may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown in the present invention, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed in the present invention.
Claims (10)
- 一种热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电特征研究方法，其特征在于，该方法包括如下步骤：A method for researching lightning characteristics in a specific area under the influence of a tropical cyclone is characterized in that the method includes the following steps:a.按时间序列分批读入热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集，识别所述热带气旋数据集和所述闪电数据集中的异常数据，并进行替代或删除；a. Read the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set in batches according to time series, identify the abnormal data in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set, and replace or delete them;b.筛选距离特定区域一定范围内的热带气旋，并按热带气旋等级进行分组；b. Screen tropical cyclones within a certain range from a specific area and group them according to their grade;c.筛选位于特定区域的闪电并统计每小时内特定区域发生的闪电数；c. Screen the lightning in a specific area and count the number of lightning that occurs in a specific area per hour;d.按时间序列对热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集进行合并，得到某时刻下热带气旋的经纬度坐标，及热带气旋同时刻特定区域发生的闪电数；d. Merge the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set according to the time series to obtain the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone at a certain moment, and the number of lightning that occurs in a specific area of the tropical cyclone at the same time;e.分不同象限、不同距离研究热带气旋影响下特定区域的闪电特征；e. Study the lightning characteristics of specific areas under the influence of tropical cyclones in different quadrants and different distances;f.根据热带气旋等级、热带气旋经纬度坐标、该热带气旋发生一小时内特定区域发生的闪电数，利用反距离权重法进行插值，得到热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电的空间分布情况。f. According to the tropical cyclone level, the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone, and the number of lightning that occurred in a specific area within one hour of the tropical cyclone, use the inverse distance weighting method to interpolate to obtain the spatial distribution of lightning in a specific area under the influence of the tropical cyclone.
- 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤a包括：The method according to claim 1, wherein said step a comprises:按时间序列读取所述热带气旋数据集和所述闪电数据集后对存在空值的数据进行删除，并将所述热带气旋数据集和所述闪电数据集的时间格式统一为：时-分-秒。After reading the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set in time series, the data with null values is deleted, and the time format of the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set is unified as: hour-minute -Second.
- 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤b包括：The method according to claim 2, wherein said step b comprises:根据所述特定区域的经纬度坐标和热带气旋的经纬度坐标，计算所述特定区域与热带气旋之间的地理空间距离；calculating the geospatial distance between the specific area and the tropical cyclone according to the latitude and longitude coordinates of the specific area and the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone;根据热带气旋等级，即热带低压、热带风暴、强热带风暴、台风、强台风、超强台风进行分组；According to the level of tropical cyclone, namely tropical depression, tropical storm, severe tropical storm, typhoon, strong typhoon, super typhoon;由于超强台风和强台风样本数相对于其他强度类别的热带气旋要少一些，故将超强台风和强台风合并为一类，将其命名为SSTY，最终得到五类不同等级的热带气旋数据集。Since the number of samples of super typhoon and strong typhoon is less than that of tropical cyclones of other intensity categories, super typhoon and strong typhoon are combined into one category, named SSTY, and finally five types of tropical cyclone data of different levels are obtained set.
- 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：The method of claim 3, characterized in that:所述地理空间距离通过如下计算公式得到：The geographical space distance is obtained by the following calculation formula:
其中，S是地球上两点间距离；R是地球的半径；L 1和是A点的经度和纬度，L 2和
是B点的经度和纬度。 Among them, S is the distance between two points on the earth; R is the radius of the earth; L 1 and
are the longitude and latitude of point A, L2 andare the longitude and latitude of point B. - 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤c具体包括：The method according to claim 4, wherein said step c specifically comprises:根据闪电发生时的经纬度坐标来逐一判断该闪电是否位于所述特定区域；Judging whether the lightning is located in the specific area one by one according to the latitude and longitude coordinates when the lightning occurs;对筛选后的数据集做逐时统计，即分为：0:00-1:00，1:00-2:00…23:00-24:00二十四个时次，统计每小时内所述特定区域的闪电总数。Make hourly statistics on the filtered data set, which is divided into twenty-four hours: 0:00-1:00, 1:00-2:00...23:00-24:00, and count all The total number of lightning bolts in the specified area.
- 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤d具体包括如下步骤：The method according to claim 5, wherein said step d specifically comprises the following steps:将处理后的热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集根据时间序列进行合并，得到该时刻下热带气旋的等级、经纬度坐标及一小时内所述特定区域发生的闪电总数。Merge the processed tropical cyclone data set and lightning data set according to the time series to obtain the level of tropical cyclone, latitude and longitude coordinates and the total number of lightning in the specific area within one hour at that moment.
- 如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤e具体包括：The method according to claim 6, wherein said step e specifically comprises:以所述特定区域内气象站的位置为坐标原点，气象站以东为x轴正方向，气象站以北为y轴正方向建立坐标系，分别按照等级统计第一象限、第二象限、第三象限、第四象限的热带气旋点数和同时刻所述特定区域有闪电发生的热带气旋点数，从而得到不同等级的热带气旋位于不同象限时对所述特定区域闪电的影响。The location of the weather station in the specific area is used as the origin of the coordinates, the east of the weather station is the positive direction of the x-axis, and the north of the weather station is the positive direction of the y-axis to establish a coordinate system. Three quadrants, the number of tropical cyclones in the fourth quadrant and the number of tropical cyclones with lightning in the specific area at the same time, so as to obtain the impact of different grades of tropical cyclones on the lightning in the specific area when they are located in different quadrants.
- 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤e具体包括：The method according to claim 7, wherein said step e specifically comprises:分别统计距离所述特定区域内气象站1000km范围内每100km内不同等级的热带气旋点数和热带气旋影响下所述特定区域的闪电数，得到不同距离范围内热带气旋对所述特定区域闪电的影响。The number of tropical cyclone points of different grades and the number of lightning in the specific area under the influence of the tropical cyclone within the range of 1000 km from the weather station in the specific area are counted separately to obtain the impact of the tropical cyclone on the lightning in the specific area within different distances .
- 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤f具体包括：The method according to claim 8, wherein said step f specifically comprises:在估计预测点数值时，假设距离估计预测点最近的N个已知点对该预测点有作用，则所述N个已知点对预测点的作用和它们之间的距离成反比，距离预测点更近的已知点的权重更大，所有已知点的权重和为1；When estimating the value of the predicted point, assuming that the N known points closest to the estimated predicted point have an effect on the predicted point, the effect of the N known points on the predicted point is inversely proportional to the distance between them, and the distance between the predicted points The weight of the known point closer to the point is greater, and the weight sum of all known points is 1;根据已得到的数据，即热带气旋等级、热带气旋经纬度坐标、该热带气旋 发生一小时内所述特定区域的闪电总数，利用反距离权重法进行插值得到热带气旋在未知点坐标时所述特定区域的闪电总数。According to the obtained data, that is, the grade of the tropical cyclone, the longitude and latitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone, and the total number of lightning in the specific area within one hour of the occurrence of the tropical cyclone, the inverse distance weighting method is used to interpolate to obtain the specific area when the tropical cyclone is in the unknown point coordinates total number of lightning bolts.
- 一种热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电特征研究系统，其特征在于，该系统包括识别模块、分组模块、统计模块、合并模块、处理模块以及空间分布模块，其中：A system for researching lightning characteristics in a specific area under the influence of tropical cyclones is characterized in that the system includes an identification module, a grouping module, a statistics module, a merger module, a processing module and a spatial distribution module, wherein:所述识别模块用于按时间序列分批读入热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集，识别所述热带气旋数据集和所述闪电数据集中的异常数据，并进行替代或删除；The identification module is used to read in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set in batches according to time series, identify the abnormal data in the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set, and replace or delete them;所述分组模块用于筛选距离特定区域一定范围内的热带气旋，并按热带气旋等级进行分组；The grouping module is used to filter tropical cyclones within a certain range from a specific area, and group them according to the level of tropical cyclones;所述统计模块用于筛选位于特定区域的闪电并统计每小时内特定区域发生的闪电数；The statistical module is used to screen the lightning located in a specific area and count the number of lightnings that occur in a specific area per hour;所述合并模块用于按时间序列对热带气旋数据集和闪电数据集进行合并，得到某时刻下热带气旋的经纬度坐标，及热带气旋同时刻特定区域发生的闪电数；The merging module is used to merge the tropical cyclone data set and the lightning data set in time series to obtain the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone at a certain moment, and the number of lightnings that occur in a specific area of the tropical cyclone at the same time;所述处理模块用于分不同象限、不同距离研究热带气旋影响下特定区域的闪电特征；The processing module is used to study the lightning characteristics of a specific area under the influence of tropical cyclones in different quadrants and different distances;所述空间分布模块用于根据热带气旋等级、热带气旋经纬度坐标、该热带气旋发生一小时内特定区域发生的闪电数，利用反距离权重法进行插值，得到热带气旋影响下特定区域闪电的空间分布情况。The spatial distribution module is used to interpolate using the inverse distance weighting method to obtain the spatial distribution of lightning in a specific area under the influence of the tropical cyclone according to the tropical cyclone level, the latitude and longitude coordinates of the tropical cyclone, and the number of lightnings that occurred in a specific area within one hour of the occurrence of the tropical cyclone. Condition.
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