WO2023148895A1 - 開閉装置及び開閉装置の制御方法 - Google Patents

開閉装置及び開閉装置の制御方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023148895A1
WO2023148895A1 PCT/JP2022/004303 JP2022004303W WO2023148895A1 WO 2023148895 A1 WO2023148895 A1 WO 2023148895A1 JP 2022004303 W JP2022004303 W JP 2022004303W WO 2023148895 A1 WO2023148895 A1 WO 2023148895A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
switch
state
current
electrical contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2022/004303
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
真也 渡邉
拓哉 大久保
達広 阿部
公之 小柳
克彦 堀之内
貴広 江戸
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority to JP2023578283A priority Critical patent/JP7603854B2/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2022/004303 priority patent/WO2023148895A1/ja
Priority to US18/833,926 priority patent/US20250118509A1/en
Priority to CN202280089530.0A priority patent/CN118591860A/zh
Priority to EP22924805.9A priority patent/EP4475159A4/en
Publication of WO2023148895A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023148895A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a switchgear and a control method for the switchgear.
  • Patent Document 1 in a configuration in which a high-speed switch and a circuit breaker are connected in series, a semiconductor switch and a current-limiting resistor are connected in parallel with a high-speed switch to form a current-limiting circuit breaker. is disclosed.
  • a high-speed switch made up of mechanical contacts normally conducts a large current.
  • the short-circuit current is commutated to the semiconductor switch and the arc is quickly extinguished.
  • the short-circuit current can be further commutated to the current limiting resistor without an arc.
  • the current limiting circuit breaker of Patent Document 1 can quickly extinguish the arc and safely open the electric circuit without requiring a special commutation mechanism.
  • Patent Literature 1 does not particularly describe control during the closing operation.
  • the present disclosure has been made to solve such problems, and the purpose of the present disclosure is to generate an excessive current during the closing operation even if the circuit in which an abnormality such as a short circuit has occurred is closed.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a switchgear and a method of controlling the switchgear that can prevent damage to components.
  • a switchgear includes a switch section, a current suppressing element, and an opening/closing command section that controls opening and closing of the switch section.
  • the switch unit is connected between a first node electrically connected to a power supply and a second node electrically connected to a load circuit that receives power from the power supply.
  • a current suppression element is connected in parallel with the switch section between the first node and the second node.
  • the accident detection unit detects an abnormality in an energized circuit including a power supply and load circuit formed by electrically connecting the first node and the second node.
  • the opening/closing command unit controls the switch unit so that a first state in which the impedance between the first node and the second node becomes a first value is formed when the switching device is closed. Then, abnormality diagnosis is executed based on the output of the accident detection unit.
  • the open/close command unit switches so that a second state in which the impedance becomes a second value equal to or less than the first value is formed when an abnormal state is not detected by the accident detection unit in the abnormality diagnosis. control the department.
  • a method for controlling a switchgear comprises closing a switchgear.
  • the switch unit connected in parallel with the current suppressing element between the first node and the second node is set such that the impedance between the first node and the second node has a first value.
  • controlling the power source and the load circuit to form a first state; and in the first state, the power source and the load circuit formed by electrically connecting between the first node and the second node.
  • a step of executing an abnormality diagnosis for detecting an abnormal state in an energized circuit including; a second step in which the impedance becomes a second value that is equal to or less than the first value when the abnormal state is not detected in the abnormality diagnosis; and a step of opening the switch section when the abnormal state is detected in abnormality diagnosis.
  • the switch unit is controlled so that the circuit between the first node and the second node is in a steady closed state. Therefore, even when a circuit in which an abnormality such as a short circuit occurs is closed, an excessive current is generated and Damage to components can be prevented.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a switchgear according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram for explaining control operation in closing operation of the switchgear according to Embodiment 1;
  • 4 is a flowchart illustrating a first example of control processing during a circuit closing operation of the switchgear according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining a second example of control processing during a circuit closing operation of the switchgear according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a modification of the commutation opening/closing part;
  • FIG. 4 is a conceptual circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a switchgear according to a modification of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 11 is a conceptual cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of an opening/closing command unit according to Embodiment 3 and its operation at low current;
  • FIG. 11 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of an opening/closing command unit and the operation in a reference current range according to Embodiment 3;
  • FIG. 11 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of an opening/closing command unit according to Embodiment 3 and the operation at the time of overcurrent;
  • FIG. 11 is a conceptual circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a switchgear according to Embodiment 4;
  • FIG. 11 is a conceptual circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a switchgear according to Embodiment 5;
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example of control processing during a circuit closing operation of the switchgear according to Embodiment 5;
  • FIG. FIG. 11 is an example of an operation waveform diagram of a semiconductor switch in a switchgear according to Embodiment 5;
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a switchgear 10a according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a switchgear 10a according to Embodiment 1.
  • the switchgear 10a includes a switch section 20, a switching command section 25, an electrical resistance 31 as a current suppressing element 30, an accident detection section 40, and a current switching section 50.
  • the switch unit 20 and the current switching unit 50 are connected in series between the nodes N1 and N2, and control the connection state between the nodes N1 and N2 according to the command from the switching command unit 25.
  • the node N1 is electrically connected to a power supply (not shown).
  • Node N2 is electrically connected to a load circuit (not shown) that receives power from the power supply. That is, in Embodiment 1, the current switching section 50 is connected between the switch section 20 and the node N2.
  • Nodes N1 and N2 correspond to one embodiment of "first node” and "second node” respectively.
  • the switch section 20 includes an electrical contact 21 and a commutation switching section 22 that are connected in parallel. Each of the electrical contact 21 and the commutation switching section 22 is opened or closed by the switching command section 25 .
  • the opening/closing command unit 25 can be configured by, for example, a microcomputer in which a program for executing control processing, which will be described later, is installed.
  • the electrical contact 21 is arranged to form a steady current path, so it is configured with low impedance.
  • the electrical contact 21 is configured to be mechanically opened and closed depending on the presence or absence of electromagnetic force.
  • the commutation switch 22 is arranged to operate when an accident occurs, and is typically composed of a semiconductor switch.
  • the commutation switching section 22 can be configured with a contact.
  • the electrical contact 21 has a current-carrying capacity corresponding to power supply to a load circuit (not shown), but basically does not need a breaking capacity.
  • the commutation switching part 22 is configured to have a small conducting capacity and a large breaking capacity as compared with the electrical contact 21 .
  • the impedance of the electrical contact 21 in the ON state is lower than the impedance of the commutation switch 22 in the ON state.
  • the current switching section 50 is composed of a circuit breaker or a switch capable of interrupting the fault current.
  • the current switching unit 50 requires a current carrying capacity equivalent to that of the electrical contact 21 .
  • switches have the ability to break overcurrents several times to less than ten times the rated current
  • circuit breakers have the ability to break short-circuit currents ten times or more the rated current. are doing. Therefore, as the current switching unit 50, the circuit breaker or switch can be selected according to the magnitude of the fault current assumed to be interrupted.
  • the accident detection unit 40 By electrically connecting the nodes N1 and N2, the accident detection unit 40 detects a power supply (not shown) connected to the node N1 and a load circuit (not shown) electrically connected to the node N2. Detecting anomalies in the current-carrying circuit formed inclusive. Abnormality diagnosis is executed based on the output of the accident detection unit 40, that is, whether or not an abnormal state is detected.
  • the accident detection unit 40 detects the current, the voltage, the electrical resistance obtained by the ratio of the current and the voltage, or the electrical signal reflecting the measurement information such as the temperature rise at a predetermined portion in the current-carrying circuit. , to detect the occurrence of abnormal conditions (accidents) typified by overcurrent due to short circuits. Alternatively, the accident detection unit 40 can also detect the occurrence of an abnormal state based on the distribution (frequency spectrum) of the frequency components of the electrical signal.
  • the accident detection unit 40 can detect an abnormal state by measuring the change in current. Moreover, when a short circuit occurs, a drop in voltage or a drop in electrical resistance occurs at the short-circuited portion. Therefore, the accident detection unit 40 can also detect an abnormal state by measuring voltage or electrical resistance.
  • the accident detection unit 40 can also detect the abnormal state by measuring the temperature rise. Furthermore, when an abnormality accompanied by discharge occurs, a phenomenon in which discharge noise is superimposed on the electrical signal, or light emission accompanying discharge occurs. Therefore, the accident detection unit 40 can also detect an abnormality by measuring the frequency component of the electric signal or optical information related to light emission.
  • the light information can typically be an intensity value of light emission measured by an image sensor.
  • the intensity value of light of a specific wavelength obtained through an optical filter or spectroscope is also possible to use the intensity value of light of a specific wavelength obtained through an optical filter or spectroscope as optical information.
  • the accident detection unit 40 can also detect an abnormal state by combining multiple pieces of the measurement information described above. In this case, it is possible to improve the detection accuracy and determine the type of abnormality.
  • the accident detection unit 40 can detect an abnormal state by comparing the electrical signal, the specific frequency component of the electrical signal, and the optical information with a preset reference range.
  • the reference range can be set based on measurement information learned during normal operation.
  • the measurement information such as the electrical signals in the normal state as normal values
  • the reference range used for abnormality diagnosis by statistical processing according to the distribution of the normal values.
  • a 3 ⁇ range of collected normal values can be set as a reference range, and an abnormal state can be detected when measurement information such as an electrical signal is out of the reference range.
  • an abnormal state when detecting an abnormal state using multiple types of measurement information, learning the pattern or range of the distribution (two-dimensional, three-dimensional, or four-dimensional or more) of the normal values collected as described above If the correlation coefficient of the data pattern between the measured information (actual value) obtained during the abnormality diagnosis and the normal value (learned value) falls below a predetermined reference value, an abnormal state is detected. can be detected.
  • FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram for explaining the control operation when the switching device 10a according to Embodiment 1 shifts from the open state to the closed state, that is, during the closing operation.
  • the switchgear 10a is in a state where the electric contact 21, the commutation switching section 22, and the current switching section 50 are all turned off at time t1.
  • the switching command unit 25 first turns on the current switching unit 50 while keeping the electric contact 21 and the commutation switching unit 22 off at time t2.
  • a current path is formed between the nodes N1 and N2 via the electrical resistance 31 and the current switching section 50 .
  • abnormality diagnosis A based on the output of the accident detection unit 40 is performed at time t3.
  • the switching command unit 25 keeps the electric contact 21 off and further turns on the commutation switching unit 22 at time t4.
  • abnormality diagnosis B based on the output of the accident detection unit 40 is performed at time t5. If no abnormal condition is detected in the abnormality diagnosis B, the opening/closing command unit 25 turns on the electric contact 21 again at time t6.
  • the switching command section 25 may turn off the commutation switching section 22 while keeping the electrical contact 21 on.
  • the commutation switch 22 is configured by a semiconductor switch, it is preferable to turn off the commutation switch 22 at time t7.
  • a current path is formed between the nodes N1 and N2 by the low-impedance electrical contact 21 and the on-state current switching unit 50 as a steady closed state after normal closing operation.
  • the commutation switch 22 has a contact structure, that is, includes an electrical contact, the commutation switch 22 may be kept on after time t7.
  • the commutation switching section 22 is composed of a semiconductor switch, it is possible to keep the commutation switching section 22 on at time t7.
  • a current path is formed between nodes N1 and N2 with electrical contact 21 turned on in a steady closed state.
  • the fault current can be interrupted by opening the current switching section 50 .
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating control processing for the closing operation shown in FIG.
  • the control process shown in FIG. 3 is executed, for example, by the opening/closing command unit 25 when the closing operation is commanded to the opening/closing device 10a.
  • switching command unit 25 turns on current switching unit 50 in step (hereinafter simply referred to as “S”) 110 .
  • S110 is performed at time t2 in FIG.
  • the switching device 10a FIG. 1
  • a current path is formed between the nodes N1 and N2 via the current switching section 50 and the electrical resistance 31 in the ON state.
  • the opening/closing command unit 25 executes abnormality diagnosis A at S120 in the same manner as at time t3 in FIG. That is, in S120, it is determined based on the output of the accident detection section 40 whether or not an abnormal state is detected. If an abnormal condition is detected, the process proceeds to S180, and the current switching unit 50 that was turned on in S110 is turned off. At this time, since the current passing through the current switching unit 50 is limited by the electrical resistance 31, the current can be easily interrupted. Since the abnormal state has occurred, the closing operation is terminated while the current switching unit 50 and the electric contact 21 and the commutation switching unit 22 constituting the switch unit 20 are turned off.
  • the opening/closing command unit 25 maintains the electrical contact 21 off in S130 as at time t4 in FIG.
  • the commutation switch 22 is turned on.
  • the on-resistance of the commutation switch 22 is much lower than the resistance value of the electrical resistance 31 , so that the electric current passes through the current switch 50 and the commutation switch 22 in the ON state.
  • a current path is formed between nodes N1 and N2.
  • the opening/closing command unit 25 executes abnormality diagnosis B in the same manner as at time t5 in FIG. 2 at S140. Also in S140, based on the output of the accident detection unit 40, it is determined whether or not an abnormal state is detected. If an abnormal condition is detected, the process proceeds to S170 and S180. In S170, the switching command unit 25 turns off the commutation switching unit 22 that was turned on in S130, and in S180, turns off the current switching unit 50 that was turned on in S110, as described above. As a result, when an abnormality occurs, the closing operation is terminated while the current switching unit 50 and the electric contact 21 and the commutation switching unit 22 constituting the switch unit 20 are turned off. The processes of S170 and S180 may be executed simultaneously, or S180 may be executed first.
  • the change in the information detected by the accident detection unit 40 may be small.
  • the abnormality diagnosis B in which the commutation opening/closing unit 22 is turned on, the influence of the electrical resistance 31 on the fault current is reduced.
  • the commutation switching unit 22 is composed of a semiconductor switch, it is possible to turn off the current before the current rises significantly. can do.
  • the opening/closing command unit 25 further turns on the electrical contact 21 in the same manner as at time t6 in FIG. 2 in S150. After that, the opening/closing command unit 25 turns off the commutation opening/closing unit 22 in S160 as at time t7 in FIG.
  • the switchgear 10a can form a low-impedance current path between the nodes N1 and N2 by means of the electrical contact 21 and the current switching section 50 in a stationary closed state after the closing operation.
  • the process of S160 for turning off the commutation switch may be omitted.
  • a "second state" is formed between nodes N1 and N2. That is, in the control process of FIG. 3, the "second value" of the impedance between the nodes N1 and N2 is the on-resistance value of the current switching unit 50 and the on-resistance value of the electrical contact 21, or the electrical contact 21 and the It corresponds to the sum of the resistance value obtained by connecting the on-resistance of the current opening/closing portion 22 in parallel. That is, in the second state, the impedance between the nodes N1 and N2 is less than the impedance in the first state. In addition, in the second state, the ON/OFF states of the components of the switch section 20 change from those in the first state.
  • the switch section 20 can be configured with only one of the electrical contact 21 and the commutation switch section 22 .
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the control processing of the closing operation when the switch unit 20 is composed of only one of the electric contact 21 and the commutation switching unit 22.
  • FIG. 4 The control process shown in FIG. 4 is also executed by the opening/closing command unit 25, for example, when the closing operation is commanded to the opening/closing device 10a.
  • switching command unit 25 turns on current switching unit 50 in S110 similar to FIG. 3, and executes abnormality diagnosis A based on the output of accident detection unit 40 in S120 similar to FIG. . If the abnormality diagnosis A detects an abnormal state, the process proceeds to S180. In S180, the current switching unit 50 that was turned on in S110 is turned off, so that the fault current limited by the electrical resistance 31 is interrupted, and the current switching unit 50 and the electrical contact 21 or The closing operation is completed with both of the commutation switching units 22 turned off.
  • the "first state” is formed between the nodes N1 and N2 by turning on the current switching unit 50 . That is, the "first value" of the impedance between the nodes N1 and N2 corresponds to the sum of the on-resistance of the current switching section 50 and the electrical resistance 31.
  • the switching command section 25 turns on the electrical contact 21 or the commutation switching section 22 that constitutes the switch section 20 in S132.
  • a current path is formed between the nodes N1 and N2 via the current switching unit 50 and the switch unit 20 (the electrical contact 21 or the commutation switching unit 22) in the ON state. be done.
  • the open/close command unit 25 executes the abnormality diagnosis B based on the output of the accident detection unit 40 in S140, which is the same as in FIG. proceed.
  • the switching command unit 25 turns off the electric contact 21 or the commutation switching unit 22 (that is, the switch unit 20) that was turned on in S132. turn off.
  • the closing operation is terminated with both the current switching unit 50 and the switch unit 20 turned off.
  • the processes of S170 and S180 may be performed simultaneously, or S180 may be performed first.
  • the switch unit 20 is composed of only the electrical contact 21, arc generation can be prevented by executing S180 first so that the current switching unit 50 is turned off before the electrical contact 21 is turned off. It is preferable from the point of view.
  • the opening/closing command unit 25 detects the state of the abnormality diagnosis B, that is, the current switching unit 50 and the switch unit 20 (electric contact 21 or commutation opening/closing). 22) are kept turned on. As a result, the switching device 10a forms a steady closed state after the closing operation. This creates a "second state" between nodes N1 and N2. That is, the "second value" of the impedance between the nodes N1 and N2 corresponds to the sum of the on-resistance of the current switch section 50 and the on-resistance of the switch section 20 (the electrical contact 21 or the commutation switch section 22). .
  • the plurality of switching elements are controlled so that the impedance between the nodes N1 and N2 is higher than that in the stationary closed state during the closing operation. , and when no abnormality is detected in the abnormality diagnosis, the plurality of switching elements are controlled so as to form a steady closed state by the plurality of switching elements. As a result, even when a circuit in which an abnormality such as a short circuit has occurred is closed, generation of an excessive current and damage to the components can be prevented.
  • a current-limiting effect can be obtained by first forming a path via the electrical resistance 31, so that an electrical circuit in which an abnormality such as a short circuit has occurred can be Even when the circuit is closed, the circuit can be opened by the current switching unit 50 according to the detection of an abnormal state without generating an excessive current.
  • the switch section 20 includes the electrical contacts 21 and the commutation switching section 22 that are connected in parallel, by controlling the opening and closing of the electrical contacts 21 and the commutation switching section 22 according to the order shown in FIG.
  • the breaking capacity of the commutation switch 22 can be utilized, and the low impedance characteristic of the electrical contact 21 can be utilized in the stationary closed state.
  • an abnormal state may be detected for a limited period of time, such as when the current increases only at startup, that is, only for a certain period immediately after the electric circuit is closed.
  • a load whose impedance or reactance fluctuates after starting such as a motor
  • a switchgear there are cases where a large starting current flows only immediately after the circuit is closed.
  • the output of the accident detection unit 40 is monitored for a predetermined standby time, and the abnormal state after the standby time has passed.
  • the commutation opening/closing unit 22 shown in FIG. 1 can be configured by a combination of a high melting point electrical contact and an arc chute, as shown in FIG. 5, in addition to the semiconductor switch described above.
  • the commutation switch 22X includes a heat-resistant contact 114 and an arc chute 120 housed in a case 111.
  • the heat-resistant contact 114 is made of a material having a higher melting point than silver and copper (for example, tungsten or nickel alloy).
  • the electrical contact 21 may be formed of typical low electrical resistivity materials such as silver or copper, or alloys thereof.
  • the case 111 accommodates a movable electrode 112, a fixed electrode 113, and an electrode operation unit 118 for opening and closing the heat-resistant contact 114. Furthermore, terminals 115 to 117 that can be electrically contacted from outside the case 111 are arranged. The terminal 115 corresponds to the terminal on the power supply side of the commutation switching unit 22 in FIG. Terminals 116 and 117 are terminals on the load side of commutation switching unit 22 in FIG.
  • the arc chute 120 has a pair of arc runners 121A and 121B and an arc extinguishing section 122 as a mechanical mechanism for extinguishing the arc generated when the heat resistant contact 114 is turned on and off.
  • the movable electrode 112 When a large current is introduced from the terminal 115 to the commutation opening/closing portion 22, the movable electrode 112 is automatically separated from the fixed electrode 113 by the electromagnetic force generated by the current. An arc generated between the electrodes in response to the separation of the movable electrode 112 is driven toward the arc chute 120 by the magnetic field action from the electrode.
  • the arc is commutated to the arc runner 121B, and current flows to the load circuit side via the arc runner 121B, the electrode operation part 118, and the terminal 116.
  • the electrode operation unit 118 operates so as to hold the opening of the movable electrode 112 by electromagnetic force.
  • the current After driving the arc between the arc runners 121A and 121B in this way, due to the effect of the arc discharge resistance, the current begins to move from the terminal 116 (accident detector 40) side to the terminal 117 (electrical resistance 31) side, As time elapses, the current is completely commutated so that the current flows through the electrical resistance 31 . At this time, the current that has passed through the electrical resistance 31 flows to the load circuit side via the terminal 117 , the electrode operating portion 118 and the terminal 116 . Thereby, the commutation opening/closing unit 22 can be opened (turned off) after suppressing the passage of a large current.
  • the abnormality determination is executed based on the magnitude of the current passing through the movable electrode 112 or the fixed electrode 113 according to the above operating principle. That is, the commutation opening/closing unit 22X determines that there is an abnormality and automatically performs an OFF operation when a current of a predetermined magnitude or more flows.
  • the commutation opening/closing unit 22X can be manually turned on/off by connecting to an external circuit (not shown). That is, by connecting the external circuit to the terminals 116 and 117 and energizing them, the opening/closing control of the movable electrode using the electrode operation unit 118 becomes possible.
  • an external circuit not shown
  • a trigger for turning on the commutation opening/closing unit 22X can be given by applying current to the electrode operation unit 118 using such an external circuit.
  • the commutation switching unit 22X shown in FIG. can be secured.
  • the commutation opening/closing portion 22 can be turned off in S170 or S172.
  • the accident detection section 40 is arranged on the load side (that is, on the node N2 side) with respect to the switch section 20.
  • the load side that is, on the node N2 side
  • changes in electrical signals such as voltage, current, and electrical resistance in the accident detection unit 40 are large. Become. As a result, it becomes easier to detect an abnormal state during abnormality diagnosis.
  • accident detection unit 40 is connected to electric resistance 31 on the load circuit side (node N2 side) of electric resistance 31, and It is connected in parallel to the switch section 20 .
  • the accident detection unit 40 detects the amount of temperature rise of the electrical resistance 31 or the integrated value of the square of the passing current, in addition to the electrical signals such as the voltage, current, and electrical resistance described above. An abnormal state can be detected based on the amount of energy absorbed by the electrical resistance 31 . As a result, it becomes possible to perform the opening/closing control shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a conceptual circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of the switchgear 10c according to the second embodiment.
  • the switching device 10c includes a switch section 20, a switching command section 25, an electrical resistance 31 as a current suppressing element 30, and an accident detection section 40.
  • the switch section 20 includes an electrical contact 21 and a commutation switching section 22 that are connected in parallel and similar to those in the first embodiment.
  • the electrical contact 21 and the commutation switching section 22 are turned on or off by the switching command section 25 .
  • the switchgear 10a (FIG. 1) according to the first embodiment is different from the switchgear 10c according to the second embodiment in that the switching device 10a further includes the current switching unit 50 between the switch unit 20 and the node N2. It is understood that there was
  • the switch unit 20 is not composed of only one of the electrical contact 21 and the commutation switching unit 22, but includes electrical contacts connected in parallel. 21 and a commutation switch 22 .
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart for explaining control processing of the closing operation by the switchgear according to the second embodiment.
  • the control process shown in FIG. 8 is executed, for example, by the opening/closing command unit 25 when the closing operation is commanded to the opening/closing device 10c.
  • the switching command unit 25 turns on the commutation switching unit 22 while keeping the electric contact 21 off in S210. This creates a "first state" between nodes N1 and N2. That is, in the control process of FIG. 8, the “first value” of the impedance between the nodes N1 and N2 corresponds to the on-resistance of the commutation switching section 22 .
  • the opening/closing command unit 25 executes abnormality diagnosis in this state through S220. That is, in S220, it is determined whether or not an abnormal state is detected based on the output of the accident detection section 40. FIG. Also in S220, as in S120 (FIGS. 3 and 4) in the first embodiment, depending on whether or not an abnormal state has been detected after a predetermined standby time has elapsed, determination of abnormality and normality is branched. You may
  • the process proceeds to S250, and the commutation switch 22 that was turned on at S210 is turned off.
  • the commutation switch 22 is configured to have a certain breaking capacity. As a result, the fault current can be interrupted before the current rises immediately after the commutation switching section 22 is turned on in accordance with the detection of the abnormal state. Then, since an abnormal state has occurred, the closing operation is terminated with both the electrical contact 21 and the commutation switching section 22 turned off.
  • the opening/closing command unit 25 further turns on the electrical contact 21 in S230. Further, the opening/closing command unit 25 turns off the commutation opening/closing unit 22 in S240. Note that the process of S240 may be omitted, like S160 (FIG. 3).
  • the switchgear 10c can form a current path with a low impedance and a large current carrying capacity between the nodes N1 and N2 by means of the electrical contacts 21 in a stationary closed state after the closing operation. can.
  • the switchgear 10c according to the second embodiment has a minimum configuration in which the current switchgear 50 is omitted from the switchgear 10a according to the first embodiment.
  • a current path is formed by the electrical resistance 31 when the switch section 20 is open. Therefore, although the switchgear 10c does not have an isolation function by itself, even if an accident such as a short-circuit occurs in the load circuit connected to the node N2, the current flowing through the switchgear 10b (electric resistance 31) will remain unchanged. can be suppressed and has a current limiting function.
  • the switchgear 10c executes abnormality diagnosis in a state where only the commutation switching unit 22 is turned on during the closing operation by the switch unit 20, and when no abnormality is detected in the abnormality diagnosis, the electric contact 21 is turned on. A steady closed state is formed.
  • the fault current can be interrupted by turning off the commutation switching unit 22.
  • the electric resistance 31 has a current-limiting effect to suppress the current flowing through the switchgear 10c.
  • the accident detection unit 40 can be configured to detect an abnormality when the passing current at the placement location deviates from a predetermined reference current range.
  • the switching command unit 25 opens the switch unit 20 when the current passing through the accident detection unit 40 is lower or higher than the reference current range. to turn off both.
  • Embodiment 3 a modification of the open/close command section 25 of the switch section 20 in the first and second embodiments will be described with reference to FIGS. 9A to 9C.
  • the opening/closing command unit 25X according to the third embodiment also has the function of the accident detection unit 40, and turns on/off the electric contact 21 in accordance with the passing current of the accident detection unit 40 in the first and second embodiments. It has an automatic control mechanism.
  • the opening/closing command section 25 when the passing current of the accident detecting section 40 is within a predetermined reference current range, the opening/closing command section 25 according to the third embodiment turns on the electric contact 21 while The electrical contact 21 is turned off when the current is lower than the reference current range (during low current) and when it is higher than the reference current range (during overcurrent).
  • FIG. 9A shows the state of the open/close command section 25X when the current passing through the coil 204 is lower than the reference current range.
  • the opening/closing command unit 25X has an electromagnet 26 constituted by iron cores 201 to 203 and a conducting conductor (coil) 204, and a connecting rod 27.
  • Iron cores 201 and 203 are arranged to face each other with iron core 203 interposed therebetween.
  • cores 201 to 203 are arranged such that gaps are generated between cores 201 and 202 and between cores 202 and 203, respectively.
  • the iron cores 201 and 202 are electrically connected to one of the first and second contacts (not shown) constituting the electrical contact 21, respectively. When the cores 201 and 202 come into contact with each other, the first and second contacts are also closed, while when there is a gap between the cores 201 and 202, the first and second contacts are also opened. be.
  • the coil 204 is arranged so that a current similar to that of the accident detector 40 passes.
  • the connecting rod 27 passes through a hole (not shown) provided in the fixed iron core 202 and integrally connects the iron cores 201 and 203 . That is, the iron cores 201 and 203 are configured to be integrally movable with respect to the fixed iron core 202 according to the electromagnetic force generated by the current passing through the coil 204 .
  • a biasing force 210 by a spring or the like acts on the connecting rod 27 to form gaps between the iron cores 201 and 202 and between the iron cores 202 and 203, respectively. Occur. Also, when the current is low, although the magnetic path indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 9A is formed, since the magnetic force of the magnetic path is small, the magnetic force (attractive force) that eliminates the air gap is not generated. As a result, an air gap is maintained between cores 201 and 202, and the first and second contacts connected to nodes N1 and N2, respectively, are also maintained open. That is, the electrical contact 21 is turned off.
  • FIG. 9B shows the state of the open/close command section 25X when the current passing through the coil 204 is lower than the reference current range.
  • FIG. 9B when the current passing through the coil 204 becomes larger than in the state of FIG. 9A, a magnetic path 250A passing through the iron cores 201 and 202 is formed.
  • An attractive force 221 of the movable core 201 with respect to the fixed core 202 is generated by the electromagnetic force generated by the magnetic path 250A.
  • the connecting rod 27 connected to the iron cores 201 and 203 is subjected to a rightward driving force 211 in FIG. 9A that exceeds the biasing force 210 in FIG. 9A.
  • the gap between the iron cores 201 and 202 is eliminated, and the iron cores 201 and 202 come into contact with each other, thereby closing the first contact and the second contact. That is, the electrical contact 21 is turned on.
  • FIG. 9C shows the state of the open/close command section 25X during overcurrent when the current passing through the coil 204 is higher than the reference current range.
  • iron core 202 is provided with thin portion 202# having a smaller cross-sectional area than the others, and the magnetic flux density of magnetic path 250A decreases as the current in coil 204 increases from the state in FIG. 9B. rises, magnetic saturation occurs in thin portion 202#.
  • a magnetic path 250B is formed through iron cores 201 to 203 so as to avoid thin portion 202# with increased magnetic resistance. Due to the formation of the magnetic path 250B, an attractive force 222 of the movable iron core 203 with respect to the fixed iron core 202 is generated. As a result, a driving force 212 acting in the same direction (to the left in the drawing) as the biasing force 210 in FIG. 9A acts on the connecting rod 27 connected to the iron cores 201 and 203 . As a result, the air gap between the iron cores 202 and 203 is eliminated, while the air gap is generated between the iron cores 201 and 202, thereby opening the first contact and the second contact. That is, the electrical contact 21 is turned off.
  • core 201 corresponds to a "first core”, core 202 to a “second core”, and core 203 to a "third core”, respectively.
  • driving force 211 and the magnetic path 250A shown in FIG. 9B correspond to the "first driving force” and the "first magnetic path”, respectively
  • driving force 212 and the magnetic path 250B shown in FIG. 9C. correspond to the "second driving force” and the "second magnetic path", respectively.
  • the switching command unit when the current passing through the switching device rises from zero and falls within the predetermined reference current range, the electrical contact 21 is controlled from off to on, and when the current is on, the load is turned on. When an accident such as a short circuit occurs in the circuit and an excessive current is generated, the electrical contact 21 can be automatically turned off. That is, according to the opening/closing command unit according to the third embodiment, the abnormality diagnosis during the closing operation of the switchgear described in the first and second embodiments is performed by hardware by on/off control of the electrical contact 21 without transmission/reception of the control signal. It can be implemented by a wear mechanism.
  • the switching command section 25X according to Embodiment 3 is applied to on/off control of the electric contact 21 that is connected in parallel with the commutation switching section 22 and constitutes the switch section 20 . That is, for the commutation switching section 22, similarly to the first and second embodiments, an opening/closing command section for controlling the on/off of the commutation switching section 22 is arranged.
  • the on/off of the electrical contact 21 can be automatically controlled by the operation of the open/close command unit 25 in the state.
  • the switch unit during the closing operation is similar to that described in the first and second embodiments.
  • the electrical contact 21 can be turned on in a stationary closed state after performing an abnormality diagnosis with the commutation switch 22 turned on.
  • FIG. 10 is a conceptual circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a switchgear 10d according to the fourth embodiment.
  • a switching device 10d includes a switch section 20, a switching command section 25, an energy absorbing element 32 as a current suppressing element 30, and an accident detection section 40.
  • the switch section 20 includes an electrical contact 21 and a commutation switching section 22 that are connected in parallel and similar to those in the first embodiment.
  • the electrical contact 21 and the commutation switching section 22 are turned on or off by the switching command section 25 .
  • the commutation switching section 22 can be configured by a semiconductor switch or an electric contact (for example, FIG. 5), as in the first and second embodiments.
  • the opening/closing command section 25X according to Embodiment 3 can be applied to the ON/OFF function of the electrical contact 21.
  • FIG. 9A to 9C the opening/closing command section 25X according to Embodiment 3
  • the switchgear 10d according to the fourth embodiment is different from the switchgear 10c according to the second embodiment (FIG. 7) in that the current suppressing element 30 has the energy absorption element 32 instead of the electric resistance 31. It differs in that it is configured by
  • the energy absorbing element 32 is typically composed of a varistor made of ZnO (zinc oxide) or the like.
  • a varistor like a diode, has non-ohmic properties and voltage difference absorption capability (i.e., blocking capability), and current does not flow even if a voltage difference below the specified limit voltage is applied across both ends. It has voltage-current characteristics.
  • the energy absorbing element 32 may be composed of a thermistor element whose electric resistance value increases as the temperature rises.
  • the thermistor element has an equivalent current interrupting capability by increasing the electrical resistance value due to the amount of heat generated by the energy of the overcurrent.
  • the opening/closing control of the switch section 20 during the closing operation of the opening/closing device 10d is the same as in the second embodiment. That is, the on/off of the electrical contact 21 and the commutation opening/closing section 22 that constitute the switch section 20 can be controlled according to the flowchart of FIG. Further, as described in the second embodiment, the abnormality diagnosis can be performed by determining whether or not the current of the accident detection section 40 is within the reference current range. In this case, the on/off control function of the electrical contact 21 among the functions of the open/close command unit 25 can be executed using the hardware of the open/close command unit 25X according to the third embodiment.
  • the switchgear 10d according to the third embodiment has a configuration in which the nodes N1 and N2 are always connected via a varistor (energy absorbing element), the electric contact 21 and the commutation switching section constituting the switch section 20 22 are both turned off, energy absorbing element 32 can also block current between nodes N1 and N2.
  • the switchgear 10d has a cutoff function even when the switch section 20 is open, although the switchgear 10d does not include the current switcher 50 shown in FIG.
  • the switchgear 10d executes abnormality diagnosis in a state where only the commutation switching unit 22 is turned on during the closing operation by the switch unit 20, and when no abnormality is detected in the abnormality diagnosis, the electric contact 21 is turned on. A steady closed state is formed.
  • the fault current can be interrupted by turning off the commutation switching unit 22.
  • the energy absorbing element 32 (varistor) can interrupt the current flowing through the switching device 10d.
  • FIG. 11 is a conceptual circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a switchgear 10e according to the fifth embodiment.
  • a switchgear 10e differs from a switchgear 10d (FIG. 10) according to Embodiment 4 in that the switch section 20 is configured only by a semiconductor switch 23.
  • FIG. Semiconductor switch 23 is connected between nodes N1 and N2 and is on/off controlled according to a control signal from open/close command section 25 .
  • the semiconductor switch 23 is ON/OFF-controlled during circuit operation, so that the switch section 20 can be configured only by the semiconductor switch 23.
  • FIG. 12 shows a flowchart for explaining an example of control processing during the closing operation of the switching device according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the control process shown in FIG. 12 is executed, for example, by the opening/closing command unit 25 when the closing operation is commanded to the opening/closing device 10e.
  • abnormality diagnosis is performed at S320.
  • an ON period of the semiconductor switch 23 is provided for a predetermined length of time, and during the ON period, the passing current Isw of the semiconductor switch 23 detected by the accident detection unit 40 and a predetermined determination current It are detected. are compared.
  • an abnormal condition is detected when Isw ⁇ It is detected during the ON period.
  • the open/close command unit 25 branches the process of S320 at the end of the ON period described above. If an abnormal condition is detected during the on period of semiconductor switch 23, the process proceeds to S330, and semiconductor switch 23 is turned off to provide an off period of semiconductor switch 23. FIG. As a result, the passing current Isw is temporarily interrupted. As described above, in the fifth embodiment, abnormality diagnosis is performed by repeatedly turning on and off the semiconductor switch 23 . That is, in the control process of FIG. 12, the opening/closing instruction unit 25 generates a control signal for repeatedly turning on/off the semiconductor switch 23, thereby forming the "first state" between the nodes N1 and N2.
  • the open/close command unit 25 counts the number of times the semiconductor switch 23 is turned on and off for abnormality diagnosis. Determine whether or not The processes of S310 to S340 are repeatedly executed until the number of repetitions reaches a specified number.
  • the semiconductor switch 23 can be turned on and off repeatedly with a constant switching cycle and a constant ON period ratio (duty ratio) with respect to the switching cycle. Alternatively, considering that the current is large at startup, the switching period can be minimized at startup and gradually lengthened.
  • the opening/closing command is issued.
  • the unit 25 skips the processes of S330 and S340 and ends the closing operation of the switching device 10e.
  • the semiconductor switch 23 is maintained in the ON state and the closing operation is terminated, thereby forming a steady closed state by the opening/closing device 10e. That is, in the control process of FIG. 12, the switching command unit 25 generates the control signal for keeping the semiconductor switch 23 ON, so that the equivalent impedance is set between the nodes N1 and N2 to the "first state.” ” is formed.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example of an operating waveform diagram of a semiconductor switch in a switchgear according to Embodiment 5.
  • the semiconductor switch 23 by repeatedly turning on and off the semiconductor switch 23 to diagnose an abnormality, even when an abnormality such as a short circuit occurs, the semiconductor switch 23 is turned off while the passing current Isw is increasing, thereby closing the circuit. A large current can be prevented from passing during operation.
  • the prescribed number of times in S340 of FIG. 12 is predetermined according to the standby time corresponding to the length of time during which the rush current is eliminated in the normal state, that is, according to the characteristics of the load circuit (not shown) connected to the node N2. be able to.
  • the switching device 10d is arranged for a load circuit in which no rush current is generated and the starting current is not so large, the closing operation can be completed early by reducing the specified number of times.
  • the switchgear 10e can be brought into a steady closed state after the inrush current is eliminated in the normal state. At this time, by turning the semiconductor switch 23 on and off, the magnitude of the inrush current can also be suppressed.
  • abnormality diagnosis is performed so as to open the switchgear 10e.
  • the prescribed number of times can be obtained from the standby time according to the characteristics of the load circuit described above and the switching period of the semiconductor switch 23 in the abnormality diagnosis. Therefore, it will be described for confirmation that the comparison of the ON/OFF repetition count and the specified count in S340 is equivalent to the comparison of the elapsed time from the start of the closing operation and the standby time.
  • the switchgear 10e when a load circuit having a characteristic of generating a large starting current is connected to the power supply, an abnormality diagnosis is performed to appropriately detect an abnormal state. A closing operation can be performed. Furthermore, since the current passing through the switchgear 10e during the closing operation, including the starting current in the normal state, can be suppressed, the device protection effect can be enhanced.
  • the abnormality diagnosis in which the semiconductor switch 23 is repeatedly turned on and off described in the fifth embodiment is performed in the switchgear 10d (FIG. 10) according to the fourth embodiment, in which the commutation switch 22 is a semiconductor switch. It can also be applied to abnormality diagnosis (equivalent to S210 and S220 in FIG. 8) executed with the commutation switching unit 22 (semiconductor switch) turned on while the electric contact 21 is turned off when the switch is configured. is.
  • 10a to 10e switchgear 20 switch unit, 21 electric contact, 22, 22X commutation switching unit, 23 semiconductor switch, 25, 25X switching command unit, 30 current control element, 31 electric resistance, 32 energy absorption element, 40 accident detection section, 50 current switching section, 111 case, 112 movable electrode, 113 fixed electrode, 114 heat resistant contact, 115 to 117 terminal, 118 electrode operation section, 120 arc chute, 121A, 121B arc runner, 122 arc extinguishing section, 201 to 203 iron core , 202# thin portion, 204 coil, 205 connecting rod, 210 biasing force, 211, 212 driving force, 221, 222 attraction force, 250A, 250B magnetic path, Isw passing current (semiconductor switch), It judgment current, N1, N2 node.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
PCT/JP2022/004303 2022-02-03 2022-02-03 開閉装置及び開閉装置の制御方法 Ceased WO2023148895A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (5)

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JP2023578283A JP7603854B2 (ja) 2022-02-03 2022-02-03 開閉装置及び開閉装置の制御方法
PCT/JP2022/004303 WO2023148895A1 (ja) 2022-02-03 2022-02-03 開閉装置及び開閉装置の制御方法
US18/833,926 US20250118509A1 (en) 2022-02-03 2022-02-03 Switchgear and method for controlling switchgear
CN202280089530.0A CN118591860A (zh) 2022-02-03 2022-02-03 开闭装置及开闭装置的控制方法
EP22924805.9A EP4475159A4 (en) 2022-02-03 2022-02-03 Switching device and control method for switching device

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0578146U (ja) 1991-09-24 1993-10-22 日新電機株式会社 限流しゃ断器
JPH10302585A (ja) * 1997-04-28 1998-11-13 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd ハイブリッド型直流開閉器
KR20100045104A (ko) * 2008-10-23 2010-05-03 한국전력공사 한류 차단기
JP2018206539A (ja) * 2017-05-31 2018-12-27 株式会社明電舎 直流遮断装置
US20190334340A1 (en) * 2016-06-22 2019-10-31 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Hybrid dc circuit breaker

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2952470A1 (fr) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-13 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Disjoncteur limiteur de courant, dispositif de distribution electrique pourvu d'un tel disjoncteur limiteur et procede de limitation de courant

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0578146U (ja) 1991-09-24 1993-10-22 日新電機株式会社 限流しゃ断器
JPH10302585A (ja) * 1997-04-28 1998-11-13 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd ハイブリッド型直流開閉器
KR20100045104A (ko) * 2008-10-23 2010-05-03 한국전력공사 한류 차단기
US20190334340A1 (en) * 2016-06-22 2019-10-31 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Hybrid dc circuit breaker
JP2018206539A (ja) * 2017-05-31 2018-12-27 株式会社明電舎 直流遮断装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See also references of EP4475159A4

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US20250118509A1 (en) 2025-04-10
EP4475159A4 (en) 2025-03-26
EP4475159A1 (en) 2024-12-11

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