WO2023145975A1 - 半導体ナノ粒子複合膜、これを含む複合基材及びデバイス、並びに半導体ナノ粒子複合膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体ナノ粒子複合膜、これを含む複合基材及びデバイス、並びに半導体ナノ粒子複合膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023145975A1 WO2023145975A1 PCT/JP2023/003128 JP2023003128W WO2023145975A1 WO 2023145975 A1 WO2023145975 A1 WO 2023145975A1 JP 2023003128 W JP2023003128 W JP 2023003128W WO 2023145975 A1 WO2023145975 A1 WO 2023145975A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor
- composite film
- film
- semiconductor nanoparticles
- semiconductor nanoparticle
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 388
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 345
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 222
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 69
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 315
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 61
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 40
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 28
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 17
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 14
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 8
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 7
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 6
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical group O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004847 absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenecopper Chemical compound [Se]=[Cu] IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYMPLPIFKRHAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-ethanedithiol Chemical compound SCCS VYMPLPIFKRHAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLCPWBZNUKCSBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminobenzonitrile Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1C#N HLCPWBZNUKCSBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005922 Phosphane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002042 Silver nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=S LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003229 cytophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007456 delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- VPXSRGLTQINCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicesium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O VPXSRGLTQINCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005430 electron energy loss spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001810 isothiocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=S 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002113 nanodiamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000064 phosphane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002198 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004772 tellurides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000858 thiocyanato group Chemical group *SC#N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000999 vanadium-gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G3/00—Compounds of copper
- C01G3/12—Sulfides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film, more specifically to a film in which semiconductor nanoparticles are composited with other materials.
- Patent Document 1 a conductive film containing semiconductor nanoparticles
- the conductive film disclosed in Patent Document 1 contains a binder together with semiconductor nanoparticles.
- nanoparticles such as semiconductor nanoparticles are sometimes used in combination with other materials in order to utilize their own functions in composite films.
- Nanoparticles are also used as a material that adds another function to the membrane to use the function of other materials.
- a nanoparticle-supported diamond-like carbon (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "DLC") film has been proposed as a film to which a function is added by nanoparticles (Patent Document 2).
- DLC diamond-like carbon
- Patent Document 2 a DLC film is formed by irradiating an ion beam to a polymer film.
- Polymer films such as polyamide and polyvinylpyrrolidone are used as the polymer film.
- the DLC film supporting nanoparticles maintains the excellent properties originally possessed by DLC such as high hardness, electrical insulation, and infrared transmittance (paragraph 0019).
- the properties added to the DLC film by the supported nanoparticles are, for example, antimicrobial properties by Ag, fluorescence by nanodiamonds, magnetism by Co, catalytic properties by Pt, photocatalytic properties by titanium oxide, and cytophilic properties by hydroxyapatite. There is (paragraph 0037).
- Patent Document 2 does not change the inherent properties of the DLC film, especially electrical insulation and infrared transmission, by adding nanoparticles.
- the content of nanoparticles in the DLC film is limited to such an extent that the properties of the DLC film are not impaired.
- the dots corresponding to Ag nanoparticles occupy much less than half the area of the film cross-section (Figs. 4-8).
- the purpose of the present invention is to improve a film containing semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the present invention includes semiconductor nanoparticles and diamond-like carbon (DLC), i) mainly comprising the semiconductor nanoparticles; and ii) at least a portion of the semiconductor nanoparticles are arranged in a line.
- DLC diamond-like carbon
- a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film in which at least one selected from the group consisting of
- the present invention also provides a composite substrate comprising a substrate and the semiconductor nanoparticle composite film according to the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention provides a device comprising the semiconductor nanoparticle composite film according to the present invention and a conductive portion electrically connected to the semiconductor nanoparticle composite film.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film according to the present invention, Depositing a semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film containing semiconductor nanoparticles and a carbon source; obtaining a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film containing the semiconductor nanoparticles and the DLC by irradiating the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film with an ion beam to generate DLC; and Provided is a manufacturing method, wherein the carbon source includes an organic compound other than a polymer.
- the present invention is suitable for improving films containing semiconductor nanoparticles.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a composite membrane
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the shape and arrangement of semiconductor nanoparticles contained in a composite film
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of the shape and arrangement of semiconductor nanoparticles contained in a composite film
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing yet another example of the shape and arrangement of semiconductor nanoparticles contained in a composite film
- It is an example of an image obtained by observing a composite membrane with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a bending test of a composite membrane
- FIG. 2 shows an observation (left) of a composite particle in which a semiconductor nanoparticle, which is an infrared-absorbing particle, and an acceptor are bonded together, and a diagram (right) for explaining charge separation generated in the composite particle in response to irradiation with infrared rays.
- . 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a device with a composite membrane
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a device with a composite membrane
- FIG. 11 shows a cross-section of another example of a device with a composite membrane, along with a schematic of a conductive portion
- 13 is a diagram for explaining an example of charge carrier emission in the device shown in FIG. 12;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of X-ray diffraction results of a composite film irradiated with an ion beam;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between ion beam irradiation time and surface resistivity of a composite film.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of bending tests of composite membranes.
- 1 is an example of an image obtained by observing an example of a composite film mainly containing semiconductor nanoparticles with a TEM.
- 1 is an example of an image obtained by observing an example of a composite film mainly containing semiconductor nanoparticles with a TEM.
- 1 is an example of a spectral absorbance curve of a composite membrane fabricated using a nitrogen ion beam.
- 1 is an example of a spectral absorbance curve of a composite film produced using a carbon ion beam.
- 1 is an example of a spectral absorbance curve of a composite membrane fabricated using an argon ion beam.
- semiconductor is used to mean not only ordinary semiconductors but also semi-metals.
- a semimetal is a substance having a band structure in which the lower portion of the conduction band and the upper portion of the valence band slightly overlap across the Fermi level due to distortion of the crystal structure, interaction between crystal layers, and the like.
- degenerate semiconductor means a semiconductor having a band structure in which the conduction or valence band and the Fermi level overlap.
- nanoparticles means particles having a smallest particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m, eg in the range of 0.1 nm to less than 1 ⁇ m. Nanoparticles typically refer to particles having a largest particle dimension of 5 ⁇ m or less, or even in the range of 3 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
- the "minimum diameter” is determined by the minimum dimension passing through the center of gravity of the particle, and the “maximum dimension” is determined by the longest line segment that can be set within the particle. A simple average of the "maximum dimensions” is referred to as "average maximum particle size".
- “Hydrophobic” is used as a term to refer to the property of a surface having a water contact angle of 60° or greater, especially 70° or greater. Also, the term “substantially parallel” is used to limit the difference in direction from each other to 10° or less, particularly 5° or less. The term “substantially perpendicular” is also used with the intention of limiting the deviation in direction from perpendicular to no more than 10°, especially no more than 5°.
- the term “autonomously arranged” or “autonomous arrangement” is used to mean that semiconductor nanoparticles are arranged in a self-organizing manner using interaction between particles as a driving force. Moreover, the term “functional group” is used as a term including halogen atoms.
- mainly containing semiconductor nanoparticles means that the ratio of semiconductor nanoparticles is 50% or more in at least one selected from the group consisting of mass basis, volume basis, and area basis. do. "Mainly containing” on an area basis means that it occupies 50% or more of the area in the cross section of the film. Moreover, the upper limit and lower limit of the numerical range in this specification can be combined arbitrarily to form a range.
- a composite film containing mainly semiconductor nanoparticles and containing DLC can be produced.
- the present inventors have found that ion beam irradiation produces DLC from low-molecular-weight compounds attached to semiconductor nanoparticles. That is, a polymer film is not essential as a raw material for DLC. Addition of polymer reduces the proportion of semiconductor nanoparticles in the film. The introduction of polymer between semiconductor nanoparticles is a factor that disturbs the arrangement of the particles. Using the method discovered by the present inventors, it becomes possible to generate DLC even in a narrow space near the semiconductor nanoparticles that are present close to each other.
- DLC can contribute to the improvement of film properties, such as electrical conductivity, that are manifested by the involvement of multiple semiconductor nanoparticles.
- film properties such as electrical conductivity
- the details of this mechanism are unknown at this stage, it is possible that the enhancement of film rigidity by DLC affected the conductive paths extending through the film via multiple semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the reinforcing effect of DLC can be remarkably exhibited in a film having a high ratio of semiconductor nanoparticles to the extent that it mainly contains semiconductor nanoparticles, and a film in which at least part of the semiconductor nanoparticles are arranged in a line.
- DLC functions as an acceptor that receives charge carriers generated by irradiating semiconductor nanoparticles with light such as infrared rays, and can contribute to improving the heat shielding properties of the film. Further, for example, DLC can contribute to improving the folding endurance of the film.
- at least part of the DLC is produced from a low-molecular-weight compound other than the polymer, but not all of the DLC is necessarily derived from a low-molecular-weight compound.
- the semiconductor nanoparticle composite film of the present embodiment (hereinafter also simply referred to as "composite film”) is a composite film containing semiconductor nanoparticles and other materials. Other materials include at least DLC.
- composite film is a composite film containing semiconductor nanoparticles and other materials. Other materials include at least DLC.
- the following i) and/or ii) are established in the composite membrane of the present embodiment. i) mainly containing semiconductor nanoparticles; ii) at least a portion of the semiconductor nanoparticles are arranged in a line;
- the semiconductor nanoparticles may be included such that i) above holds true.
- "mainly containing” is satisfied if the semiconductor nanoparticles account for 50% or more in at least one criterion selected from the mass criterion, the volume criterion and the area criterion. Judgment based on the area standard can be carried out relatively easily by observing the cross section of the film using an electron microscope. At this time, the cross section is preferably substantially perpendicular to the planar direction of the composite membrane. Specifically, this judgment is performed on five arbitrarily selected cross sections.
- a cross-section is found that is inconclusive as to whether it corresponds to "mainly containing”
- measurements are carried out on five more cross-sections, and the ratio of the total area of the semiconductor nanoparticles to the total area of the total of 10 cross-sections is calculated. to decide.
- the area of each film cross section to be observed is set to 2000 nm 2 or more, preferably 10000 nm 2 or more.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles may be included so that the above ii) is established.
- This composite film contains an array of semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles are arranged in a line.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles may be arranged in a state in which the semiconductor nanoparticles are spaced apart from each other in the arrangement portion when a cross section including the arrangement portion is observed.
- the composite membrane may include multiple arrays that extend substantially parallel to each other, may include multiple arrays that cross each other or connect to each other at their ends.
- the average distance between adjacent semiconductor nanoparticles is preferably 10 nm or less.
- the "average distance" of the semiconductor nanoparticles is determined by measuring the shortest distance between two particles that are adjacent to each other while being separated from each other in the arrangement part of the semiconductor nanoparticles that appear in the film cross section, and determining the arithmetic average of the distances. .
- the average distance can be determined by measuring the shortest distance between two particles that are adjacent to each other while being separated from each other at 10 points along the part where the two particles face each other, and calculating the arithmetic average (so-called 10-point average).
- the semiconductor nanoparticles adjacent to each other in the arrangement portion in the cross section are spaced apart so that the sides facing each other are substantially parallel.
- the arrangement portion may be formed by autonomously arranging the semiconductor nanoparticles during film formation.
- the composite film may contain a compound attached to the semiconductor nanoparticles, that is, an attached compound.
- Attachment compounds are compounds different from the semiconductors that make up the semiconductor nanoparticles, typically organic or inorganic compounds that do not correspond to semiconductors.
- the attachment compound may be a compound that does not correspond to a macromolecule.
- the attachment compound may be a compound that does not correspond to a polymer.
- the attachment compound may be a different compound than the attachment to protect the semiconductor nanoparticles from agglomeration in the ink for forming the composite film.
- the molecular weight of the attachment compound is preferably 300 or less, 200 or less, 150 or less, more preferably less than 110, especially less than 60.
- the attachment compound may have functional groups suitable for bonding with the semiconductor nanoparticles, such as ligands that can bond to the metal atom via coordinate bonds.
- adhesion compounds is not essential. Depending on the type of semiconductor nanoparticles, the properties required for the composite film, and other factors, a composite film that does not contain an attachment compound can exhibit properties sufficient for practical use. In addition, even if the attached compound is contained before the ion beam irradiation, part of it is lost from the film due to changes to DLC after the ion beam irradiation, the content in the film decreases, or the compound is removed from the film. removed.
- the composite membrane may be one that does not contain a polymer.
- the composite membrane may be polymer-free.
- the composite film may not contain macromolecules and/or polymers in the layer containing the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- this multilayer film may contain a polymer or the like in another layer.
- the three-dimensional shape of the semiconductor nanoparticles may be a columnar body and/or a polyhedron.
- the bottom surface of the columnar body is not particularly limited, and may be circular, elliptical, or polygonal, for example.
- the columnar body is typically a columnar body having the same bottom surface and parallel to each other, but is not limited to this.
- the polyhedron may be a regular polyhedron such as a regular hexahedron, but is not limited to this.
- One of the preferred three-dimensional shapes is a disk-shaped columnar body having a height of 1/2 or less, further 1/3 or less, particularly 1/4 or less (hereafter, such a shape is simply referred to as "disk (referred to as “statement”).
- the columnar body is not limited to this, and the columnar body is a rod-shaped columnar body having a height of two times or more, further three times or more, especially four times or more the diameter of a circle when the bottom surface is regarded as a circle with the same area. (Such a shape is hereinafter simply referred to as a “rod shape”).
- the three-dimensional shape of the semiconductor nanoparticles may be rod-shaped and/or disk-shaped.
- FIG. 1 An example of a composite membrane is shown in Figure 1.
- the composite film 1 is formed on the surface 7a of the substrate 7.
- FIG. 1 is a membrane cross section when the composite membrane 1 is cut along a direction perpendicular to the surface 7a.
- FIG. 2 shows semiconductor nanoparticles 11 and 12 contained in composite film 1 .
- the shape and arrangement of the semiconductor nanoparticles 11 and 12 as shown in FIG. 2 can be observed using, for example, a TEM.
- the minimum diameter of the semiconductor nanoparticles 11 and 12 is less than 1 ⁇ m, for example 500 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less.
- the matrix 40 without the semiconductor nanoparticles 11 and 12 contains at least DLC.
- Semiconductor nanoparticles 11 and 12 appear in the film cross section of the composite film 1 shown in FIG.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles 11 in the film cross section are substantially polygonal with five or more vertices, specifically pentagons or hexagons.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles 12 in the film cross section are substantially square.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles 12 in the cross section of the film are, more specifically, rectangular, more specifically rectangular with the long side corresponding to the bottom being twice or more the short side corresponding to the height.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles 11 and 12 observed in this way are disk-shaped, for example.
- the shape of the semiconductor nanoparticles in the film cross section is not limited to the above, and may be a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, or a square other than a rectangle, such as a square.
- the length of the long side of the rectangle is, for example, 3 to 2000 nm, further 5 to 900 nm, furthermore 20 to 50 nm.
- the short side length of the semiconductor nanoparticles 12 is, for example, 2 to 100 nm, further 3 to 20 nm.
- the ratio of the long side to the short side of the semiconductor nanoparticles 12 may be, for example, 2 or more.
- the composite film 1 includes arrayed portions 21, 22, 23 and 24 in which the semiconductor nanoparticles 11 and 12 are arrayed.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles are arranged in a line without contacting adjacent particles.
- Substantially pentagonal or hexagonal semiconductor nanoparticles 11 are arranged in the array portions 21 and 22
- substantially rectangular semiconductor nanoparticles 12 are arrayed in the array portions 23 and 24 .
- the number of semiconductor nanoparticles arranged in the arrangement portion is not particularly limited, and 3 or more, 7 or more, in some cases 10 or more, and further 20 or more semiconductor nanoparticles may be arranged.
- each arrangement section In the arrangement sections 21 to 24, a straight line passing through the semiconductor nanoparticles contained in each arrangement section can be drawn. In other words, the array portions are arranged in a line along the linear array direction.
- FIG. 2 only the arranging directions 33 and 34 of the arranging portions 23 and 24 are shown, and illustration of the other arranging directions is omitted.
- arrangement portions of semiconductor nanoparticles appear in addition to those shown, but the display is omitted for the sake of simplification.
- the adjacent semiconductor nanoparticles 12 are spaced apart so that the sides facing each other are substantially parallel. In such an arrangement portion, the average distance between adjacent semiconductor nanoparticles 12 is likely to be kept small.
- An arrangement of semiconductor nanoparticles with small spacing is advantageous for achieving high electrical conductivity.
- the sides of the adjacent semiconductor nanoparticles 12 facing each other are rectangular long sides. In the arrangement structure in which the opposing sides are relatively long, even if the arrangement of the semiconductor nanoparticles 12 is partially disturbed, the portions where the semiconductor nanoparticles 12 are close to each other are likely to be retained, and the arrangement is maintained over a long distance. easy to maintain. This feature is also advantageous for achieving high electrical conductivity.
- the average spacing of the semiconductor nanoparticles is, for example, 10 nm or less, further 7 nm or less, optionally 5 nm or less, 3 nm or less, further 2 nm or less, and particularly preferably 1.8 nm or less.
- the average spacing may be, for example, 0.3 nm or more, or even 0.5 nm or more.
- Figures 3 and 4 show a cross section of another example of a composite membrane. Only substantially pentagonal or hexagonal semiconductor nanoparticles 13 appear in the film cross section of the composite film 2 . Only the rectangular semiconductor nanoparticles 14 appear in the cross section of the composite film 3 .
- rectangular semiconductor nanoparticles 14 are arranged in arrangement portions 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 extending along arrangement directions 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 substantially parallel to each other. .
- the arrangement portions 61, 62, 63 and 64 extending along the arrangement directions 71, 72, 73 and 74 which are not substantially parallel to the arrangement directions 35 to 39 but are substantially parallel to each other are also substantially rectangular. of semiconductor nanoparticles 14 are arranged. In the cross-section of the film in FIG.
- a different film cross section for example, in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG.
- arrays in which nanoparticles are aligned can be observed.
- a film in which the three-dimensional shape of the semiconductor nanoparticles 13 is disk-shaped, and the particles adjacent in the height direction are spaced apart from each other and arranged so that their bottom surfaces face each other, depending on the cutting direction It may have a membrane cross-section as shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 show the mode in which all the semiconductor nanoparticles 11 to 14 are separated from each other, some of the semiconductor nanoparticles may be in contact with each other in another portion. It should also be noted that semiconductor nanoparticles may be observed in contact or overlap depending on the direction of observation, the resolution of the instrument used for observation, and the like, even if they are actually separated from each other.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 The arrangement state of semiconductor nanoparticles in a region wider than that of FIGS. 2-4 is illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. As shown in these figures, the arrangement portions of the semiconductor nanoparticles need not extend in the same direction. Paths composed of a plurality of arrays may be curved, bent, crossed with each other, or partially overlapped. A path composed of a plurality of arrays forms a conductive path.
- Matrix 40 includes DLC and optionally a binder such as an adhesion compound.
- the binder When DLC is produced by ion beam irradiation, the binder preferably contains a carbon source that serves as a source of carbon atoms constituting DLC before ion beam irradiation, so that the binder does not change or decompose due to ion beam irradiation. However, they may remain in the film after ion beam irradiation.
- the binder can be an organic compound other than a polymer (e.g., a monomer or oligomer) or an inorganic compound that does not contain carbon atoms, but when the DLC is prepared by irradiation with an ion beam, the binder is an organic compound other than the polymer. is preferred.
- a material such as DLC or a binder may be interposed between the semiconductor nanoparticles adjacent to each other in the array portion. Also, the DLC may be formed to connect different arrangement sections.
- the matrix 40 may constitute an element that allows autonomous alignment of the semiconductor nanoparticles 11-14. Proper alignment of the semiconductor nanoparticles 11-14 may create anisotropy in the conductivity of the composite films 1-3.
- the matrix 40 can also be an element that contributes to improving the light transmittance of the composite films 1-3.
- the matrix 40 can also serve as an element that suppresses a decrease in the electrical conductivity of the composite membranes 1 to 3 due to bending. In the cross section where the arrangement portion where the semiconductor nanoparticles are arranged is observed, the matrix 40 where the semiconductor nanoparticles do not exist occupies 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, or even 40% or more of the entire area. may be This makes it possible to sufficiently suppress the decrease in conductivity due to bending.
- the matrix 40 may occupy less than 50%, 40% or less, 30% or less, or even 20% or less of the total area. This makes it possible to sufficiently ensure electrical conductivity through the semiconductor nanoparticles. As described above, these upper limits and lower limits can form numerical ranges in arbitrary combinations, and the area ratio of the matrix is, for example, 10% or more and less than 50%. However, in a film that mainly contains semiconductor nanoparticles on a basis other than the area basis, the area ratio of the matrix may be 50% or more, for example, 50% or more and 90% or less.
- the composite films 1-3 preferably contain compounds attached to the semiconductor nanoparticles 11-14 at least during the manufacturing process.
- This compound is interposed between the semiconductor nanoparticles adjacent to each other in the arrangement part and can contribute to keeping the distance between the semiconductor nanoparticles narrow.
- the smaller the molecular weight of the compound the better.
- Compounds attached to semiconductor nanoparticles tend to disappear when irradiated with an ion beam, and even if they remain after irradiation, they are removed from the film or their content in the film is reduced, for example, by subsequent heating.
- a compound with a small molecular weight such as hydrazine tends to disappear from the composite film over time due to so-called volatilization even without intentional heating.
- the conductivity C1 of the composite membrane is 7 S/cm or more, further 10 S/cm or more, preferably 20 S/cm or more, more preferably 50 S/cm or more, still more preferably 100 S/cm or more, and particularly preferably 150 S/cm or more. , in some cases 200 S/cm or more, in particular 500 S/cm or more, even 1000 S/cm or more.
- Conductivity C1 may be obtained by measuring along at least one direction. This direction may be the film plane direction parallel to the film surface or the film thickness direction perpendicular to the film surface. High electrical conductivity of composite membranes is often required in a specific direction in practice.
- the length in the film surface direction is much larger than the film thickness, so practical problems can often be substantially solved by improving the conductivity in the film surface direction.
- the electrical conductivity converted from the surface resistivity may be in the range described as C1.
- a composite membrane according to this embodiment may be a membrane having a conductivity C1 measured along a first direction and a conductivity C2 measured along a second direction that is lower than the conductivity C1.
- the second direction may be the film thickness direction.
- the first direction is the film thickness direction
- the second direction may be the film surface direction.
- Conductivity C2 may be, for example, less than 80%, less than 50%, or even less than 1% of conductivity C1. However, by appropriately arranging the semiconductor nanoparticles, it is possible to improve not only the conductivity C1 but also the conductivity C2.
- the conductivity C2 is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S/cm or more, and may be 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 S/cm or more, further 1 S/cm or more, particularly 100 S/cm or more.
- the composite membrane of this embodiment does not necessarily require the anisotropy of electrical conductivity.
- the disorder in the arrangement of the semiconductor nanoparticles is a factor that prevents the achievement of the above-mentioned high conductivity, but the presence of DLC can suppress the decrease in conductivity.
- the directional dependence of the conductivity of the composite film is affected at least by the affinity of the semiconductor nanoparticles for the surface of the substrate and the three-dimensional shape of the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- semiconductor nanoparticles having a disk-like three-dimensional shape are arranged so that the disk surface is substantially perpendicular to the surface of the substrate on the surface of the substrate having low affinity for the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles are arranged so that the disk surface is substantially parallel to the surface of the base material on the surface of the base material, which has a high affinity for the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- semiconductor nanoparticles having a rod-shaped three-dimensional shape are arranged so that the axial direction (major axis direction) of the rod is substantially perpendicular to the surface of the substrate on the surface of the substrate that has low affinity for the semiconductor nanoparticles. , in other words so that the rods stand against the surface.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles are arranged so that the axial direction of the rods is substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate, in other words, the rods lie flat on the surface of the substrate that has a high affinity for the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the substrate In order to control the directional dependence of the conductivity of the composite film through the arrangement of the semiconductor nanoparticles, it is advisable to appropriately select the substrate to be used or adjust the affinity of the surface of the substrate.
- a semiconductor In order to arrange rod-shaped semiconductor nanoparticles on the surface of a base material having a low affinity for the semiconductor nanoparticles so that the long axis direction of the rods is substantially parallel to the surface, a semiconductor It is preferable to apply a material that has a high affinity for the nanoparticles in advance. This arrangement is suitable for forming composite membranes with relatively high electrical conductivity C1 in the thickness direction.
- DLC can improve the functions such as conductivity that are exhibited by the semiconductor nanoparticles by imparting appropriate rigidity to the film.
- the reinforcing effect of the DLC tends to be remarkably exhibited, as in the arrangement portion.
- the electrical insulation and infrared transmittance which are the characteristics of DLC itself, tend to dominate.
- the light transmittance of the composite film at a wavelength of 650 nm is, for example, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, further 85% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 92% or more.
- a composite film having a high light transmittance of 80% or more is sometimes called a transparent conductive film.
- the light transmittance of the composite film at the same wavelength may be 40% or more, or even 50% or more, but depending on the application, 30% or more may be sufficient.
- the upper limit of the light transmittance of the composite film at the same wavelength is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 95% or less, and in some cases 80% or less.
- the light transmittance of the composite film in the visible light region may be, for example, 40% or more, or even 50% or more.
- the light transmittance of the composite film at a wavelength of 560 nm is, for example, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, further 85% or more, preferably 90% or more, More preferably, it is 92% or more.
- the light transmittance of the composite film at the same wavelength may be 40% or more, or even 50% or more, but depending on the application, 30% or more may be sufficient.
- the upper limit of the light transmittance of the composite film at the same wavelength is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 95% or less, and in some cases 80% or less.
- the film thickness of the composite film is not particularly limited and may be appropriately set according to the application.
- the surface resistivity of the composite membrane may be 10000 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, 5000 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, 1000 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, 300 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, 200 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, or 100 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the lower limit of the surface resistivity is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 10 ⁇ / ⁇ or more.
- the composite membrane can have functions depending on the properties of the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the composite film of the present embodiment can have particularly excellent folding resistance due to the combination of semiconductor nanoparticles and DLC.
- the resistance change rate of a composite film containing semiconductor nanoparticles and a binder and not containing DLC, that is, the composite film before introducing DLC increases after about 2000 bending tests, and may exceed 70%, for example.
- the rate of change in resistance of the composite membrane of the present embodiment can be 50% or less, 30% or less, or even 20% or less even after 2000 bending tests.
- the rate of change in resistance of the composite membrane can be suppressed to 50% or less, 30% or less, or even 20% or less even after 5000 times or even 10000 times of bending tests. .
- the resistance change rate can be calculated by the following formula. (R2-R1)/R1) ⁇ 100
- R1 is the surface resistivity ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) before the bending test
- R2 is the surface resistivity ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) after the predetermined number of bending tests.
- the bending test is performed using a rectangular test piece with a size of 20 mm x 5 mm on which the composite membrane is formed.
- the specimen is curved along a side of 20 mm with the composite membrane on the inside and placed between a pair of members with a distance of 5 mm from each other.
- the test is started from this state, the pair of members are brought closer together until the separation is 2.5 mm, and then they are separated from each other until the separation is 5 mm. This one cycle is counted as one flexion, and flexion is performed 5 times per second.
- the surface resistivity is measured.
- Surface resistivity can be measured by a four-probe method. The measurement by the four-probe method should be performed on the center of the sample. If it is difficult to measure at the center of the sample, measurements may be taken at a plurality of positions (for example, four positions) including a position near the center, and the average of the measurements may be taken.
- Fig. 7 is shown as a reference diagram for the bending test.
- a pair of members 501 and 502 of the tester have flat, mutually parallel surfaces 505 and 506, respectively, which are repeatedly brought together and separated as shown while maintaining the parallelism of the surfaces 505 and 506.
- FIG. The spacing of surfaces 505 and 506 is indicated by arrows.
- a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate can be used as the substrate 503 forming the composite film 504, for example.
- the members 501 and 502 are rigid members made of stainless steel, for example.
- the composite membrane of this embodiment can have excellent weather resistance.
- a composite film containing silver nanowires as a conductive element unless the composite film is covered with an overcoat, oxidation and migration proceed in a hot and humid environment, and the conductivity rapidly decreases.
- the composite film of the present embodiment contains semiconductor nanoparticles as a conductive element as well as DLC that has a chemically stable diamond structure, so that the surface of the film is exposed to a high-temperature and high-humidity atmosphere. Also, functions such as conductivity are not easily affected.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles may contain, as a semiconductor material, at least one selected from compound semiconductors, specifically oxides, sulfides, selenides and tellurides.
- Preferred oxides include tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, cadmium oxide, copper oxide, vanadium oxide and gallium copper oxide.
- Preferred sulfides include copper sulfide and copper indium sulfide.
- As a preferable selenide copper selenide can be exemplified.
- a preferred telluride is copper telluride.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles may contain semiconductor materials other than titanium oxide. Titanium oxide is an n-type semiconductor material.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles may contain a p-type semiconductor material.
- P-type semiconductor materials such as copper sulfide, are more suitable than n-type semiconductor materials for inclusion in films that undergo modification involving irradiation with a positive ion beam, ie, a positively charged ion beam.
- Positive ion beams such as helium ions, nitrogen ions, carbon ions, argon ions, etc., can be applied more easily than negative ion beams.
- the p-type semiconductor material may be produced from a semiconductor material other than the p-type, such as an intrinsic semiconductor, by irradiation with an ion beam.
- semiconductor nanoparticles are not limited to p-type semiconductor materials, and may include intrinsic semiconductors, n-type semiconductor materials, and the like. Even on the assumption that the n-type semiconductor material is irradiated with a positive ion beam, it is possible to improve the properties of the composite film, such as the folding endurance.
- the ion beam with which the semiconductor nanoparticles are irradiated may be a negative ion beam, that is, an ion beam having a negative charge.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles in the film irradiated with the negative ion beam may comprise n-type semiconductor material.
- This n-type semiconductor material may be produced from a semiconductor material other than the n-type, such as an intrinsic semiconductor, by irradiation with an ion beam, or may be an impurity semiconductor material described below. good.
- tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) is both an n-type semiconductor material and an impurity semiconductor material.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles may contain trace components, especially impurity semiconductor materials to which a component called a dopant is added to improve conductivity.
- the impurity semiconductor is, for example, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped indium oxide, cerium-doped indium oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, indium-doped zinc oxide, indium-doped cadmium oxide, fluorine They are indium-doped cadmium oxide, fluorine-doped cadmium oxide, chlorine-doped cadmium oxide, bromine-doped cadmium oxide, cesium-doped molybdenum oxide, cesium-doped tungsten oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO).
- Impurity semiconductors may contain dopants, defects, etc. to the extent that they are called degenerate semiconductor
- the semiconductor nanoparticles may contain a semiconductor material suitable for absorbing infrared rays.
- Semiconductor materials suitable for absorbing infrared rays include semiconductor materials capable of absorbing infrared rays by local surface plasmon resonance (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductors").
- LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductors semiconductor materials capable of absorbing infrared rays by local surface plasmon resonance (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductors").
- LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductors semiconductor materials capable of absorbing infrared rays by local surface plasmon resonance
- a composite film containing this semiconductor is suitable for applications where absorption of infrared rays is emphasized, such as heat shielding applications.
- the presence of LSPR in an LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductor can be confirmed, for example, by a method of clarifying the linearity of the wavelength change of the absorption peak when the refractive index of the surrounding medium
- the LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductor may be a material whose relaxation time from local surface plasmon excitation can be 1 ns or longer.
- a material having this property is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of copper sulfide, copper selenide, and cesium tungsten oxide (CWO).
- CWO cesium tungsten oxide
- the material is not limited to these materials, and an appropriate material may be selected by measuring the relaxation time from local surface plasmon excitation by time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the result of measuring the relaxation time from local surface plasmon excitation by time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy.
- FIG. 8 shows the absorption spectra 2.5 nanoseconds (ns), 6 ns and 12.5 ns after local surface plasmon excitation.
- bleaching (negative signal) due to local surface plasmon excitation can be confirmed in the near-infrared region.
- the relaxation time is at least 10 ns because the negative signal does not disappear after 2.5 ns, 6 ns, and even after 12.5 ns.
- LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductors Materials that can exhibit such a long active carrier relaxation time after LSPR excitation regardless of the wavelength and intensity of the pump light are suitable as LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductors.
- LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductors Materials that can exhibit such a long active carrier relaxation time after LSPR excitation regardless of the wavelength and intensity of the pump light are suitable as LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductors.
- a direct method for directly measuring the entire time of the phenomenon may be applied.
- FIG. 8 shows the measurement results for copper sulfide. This measurement was carried out by a pump-probe method using a chloroform solution of copper sulfide as a sample, a picosecond laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm as pump light, and a supercontinuum light source as probe light. Details of the laser light and the probe light are as follows.
- Picosecond laser (“PL2210A” manufactured by EKSPLA, repetition frequency 1 kHz, pulse width 25 ps, pulse energy 0.9 mJ (wavelength 1064 nm))
- SC450 Supercontinuum light source manufactured by Fianium, repetition frequency 20 MHz, pulse width 50 to 100 ps
- this condition is only an example, and appropriate conditions can be set according to the target material for the measurement of relaxation time from local surface plasmon excitation.
- DLC can function as a so-called acceptor.
- the composite film may further contain acceptors other than DLC.
- Acceptors other than DLC may be included as particles, in particular nanoparticles.
- the acceptor is a material that receives electrons or holes generated in the semiconductor nanoparticles by infrared irradiation from the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- Acceptors other than DLC are not particularly limited in type as long as they can receive electrons or holes from semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the acceptor material contained in the acceptor is appropriately selected according to the semiconductor material contained in the semiconductor nanoparticles, preferably the LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductor.
- the acceptor may include cadmium sulfide.
- the acceptor may include, for example, at least one selected from zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, and gallium oxide. If the LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductor is ITO, the acceptor may include tin oxide.
- the acceptor may be contained as particles or may be contained in a manner that forms a layer. The acceptor may be contained in the same layer as the semiconductor nanoparticles, or may be contained in an adjacent layer.
- the acceptor may also be a conductive organic material, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, or graphite.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles and the acceptor may be combined composite particles that are bonded together.
- An example of composite particles is shown in FIG.
- This composite particle is a composite particle in which tin oxide (SnO 2 ) particles are attached around ITO particles. Both particles may be physically or chemically bound.
- the holes and electrons generated by infrared rays (“radiant heat” in the figure) are separated from the holes that remain in the ITO particles after the electrons move to the SnO2 particles as acceptors. .
- the acceptor may itself be a nanoparticle of semiconductor material.
- the composite film contains acceptors corresponding to nanoparticles of a semiconductor material, the ratio of the semiconductor nanoparticles in the composite film is calculated by including the acceptors as part of the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles may comprise a p-type semiconductor material
- the semiconductor nanoparticles may comprise an impurity semiconductor material
- the semiconductor nanoparticles may comprise It may comprise an LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductor
- the composite film may further comprise a material that accepts from the semiconductor nanoparticles electrons or holes generated in the semiconductor nanoparticles upon irradiation with infrared radiation.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of iii) to vi) may hold.
- a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film containing semiconductor nanoparticles and DLC iii) said semiconductor nanoparticles comprise a p-type semiconductor material; iv) said semiconductor nanoparticles comprise an impurity semiconductor material, v) the semiconductor nanoparticles comprise an LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductor; and vi) the composite film further comprises an acceptor material that accepts from the semiconductor nanoparticles electrons or holes generated in the semiconductor nanoparticles upon irradiation with infrared light.
- a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film in which at least one selected from the group consisting of This composite film includes semiconductor nanoparticles and DLC, wherein the semiconductor nanoparticles are a p-type semiconductor material, an impurity semiconductor material, an LSPR-IR absorbing semiconductor material, and electrons generated in the semiconductor nanoparticles by irradiation with infrared rays or A semiconductor nanoparticle composite film containing a semiconductor material corresponding to at least one selected from the group consisting of an acceptor material other than DLC that accepts holes from the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the DLC can function as a charge carrier acceptor. That is, in the composite film, at least some of the electrons or holes generated in the semiconductor nanoparticles by infrared irradiation move to the DLC. This migration is suitable for releasing charge carriers from the composite membrane.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles and the DLC are preferably selected according to their mutual properties (HOMO level, LUMO level, etc.).
- a heat shielding device that shields at least part of the irradiated infrared rays, a composite film containing semiconductor nanoparticles that absorb the infrared rays to generate electrons and holes, and DLC that is an acceptor that receives the electrons or the holes from the particles; At least a portion of the charge carriers selected from the electrons and the holes are emitted from the composite film to the exterior of the thermal barrier device to provide the thermal barrier device.
- the average maximum particle size of the semiconductor nanoparticles is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 1 nm to 2000 nm, further 3 nm to 1000 nm.
- relatively large semiconductor nanoparticles with an average maximum particle size in the range of 20 nm to 2000 nm greatly contribute to the improvement of the electrical conductivity of the composite film. This effect is remarkably obtained in a composite film formed on a resin substrate such as a PET substrate. It is considered that the improvement in conductivity due to the size expansion of the semiconductor nanoparticles is related to the fact that the surface of the resin substrate is hydrophobic. For particles having a shape whose particle size is difficult to determine, the above range is applied by replacing the average maximum particle size with the maximum size.
- a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film containing semiconductor nanoparticles and DLC Provided is a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film, wherein the semiconductor nanoparticles have an average maximum particle size of 20 nm to 2000 nm.
- a composite film in which the average maximum particle diameter of semiconductor nanoparticles is within the above range is preferably formed on a hydrophobic surface, for example, on a substrate having a hydrophobic surface.
- the composite film in which the average maximum particle size of the semiconductor nanoparticles is within the above range is preferably formed on a resin substrate to form a composite substrate.
- Semiconductor nanoparticles may be crystalline or amorphous, but if they contain crystals, the crystal structure may affect their conductivity. Also, the type of crystal can affect the three-dimensional shape of the semiconductor nanoparticles. Suitable crystal structures differ depending on the type of semiconductor nanoparticles. It is preferable to include at least one selected from the group consisting of, particularly covelite and/or roxyvite.
- the nanoparticles containing copper sulfide may contain only at least one crystal selected from the above.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles may contain a 2D material, specifically, a nanoparticle containing a carbide and / or nitride of a 2D material that has semiconducting properties and extends in the plane direction. good.
- M2CT2 M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y and Lu; T is at least one selected from the group consisting of O, F and OH), M2CO2 (M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Hf, Zr and Ti).
- the 2D material may be called MXene.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles preferably have a three-dimensional shape that brings about a local ordered structure due to autonomous arrangement.
- this three-dimensional shape is a shape having a cross section in which substantially parallel opposing sides appear, and is typically a columnar body and/or a polyhedron.
- An example of a three-dimensional shape is a columnar body whose base is a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon, or which can be approximated to any of these. This shape may be the rod-like shape described above, or may be the disk-like shape.
- DLC Diamond-like carbon
- DLC is an amorphous film having a skeleton structure of carbon atoms bonded by both SP3 and SP2 bonds.
- DLC is known as a material having properties such as high wear resistance and low friction. For this reason, DLCs are usually formed as coatings, ie films, composed of themselves.
- a method for forming a DLC film in addition to deposition by a vapor phase synthesis method such as a plasma CVD method, a method of irradiating a polymer film with an ion beam to transform the polymer into DLC is known.
- a method using an organic compound other than a polymer as a carbon source is appropriate for introducing DLC into a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film that satisfies i) and/or ii) above.
- a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film can be formed by irradiating an ion beam to a semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film containing semiconductor nanoparticles and an organic compound other than a polymer as a binder for the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the binder may be composed only of organic compounds other than polymers.
- the presence of DLC can be confirmed by measuring both SP 3 and SP 2 bonds as bonds between carbon atoms. Specifically, the presence of both bonds can be confirmed when peaks are confirmed in the Raman spectrum at predetermined wavenumbers, that is, near 1330 cm ⁇ 1 for the SP 3 bond and near 1550 cm ⁇ 1 for the SP 2 bond.
- the presence of DLC can be confirmed not only by Raman spectroscopy, but also by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and the like.
- the composite film may contain a binder along with the semiconductor nanoparticles and DLC.
- DLC is also a binder component in the sense that it intervenes between semiconductor nanoparticles to form a film, but here the binder is treated as a component other than DLC.
- a binder, together with DLC, is a preferred component that can intervene between the semiconductor nanoparticles and impart flexibility to the composite film.
- the binder can also contribute to the improvement of the film-forming properties of the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film to be irradiated with the ion beam, the proper arrangement of the nanoparticles, and the like.
- the binder may include an attachment compound that adheres to the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- Attachment compounds include functional groups that can bind to semiconductor nanoparticles, such as fluoride (F), chloride (Cl), bromide (Br), iodide (I), cyanide (CN), thiocyanato (SCN), isothiocyanato (NCS). , hydroxide (OH), mercapto (SH), carbonyl (CO), amino ( NR3 ), nitrosyl (NO), nitrite ( NO2 ), phosphane ( PR3 ), carbene ( R2C ) and pyridine (NC 5 H 5 ).
- each R is independently an organic residue or a hydrogen atom.
- the functional groups that can bind to the semiconductor nanoparticles can be metal atoms or other functional groups that can function as ligands to anions.
- the attachment compound may be an inorganic compound or an organic compound.
- the attachment compound may also be a salt composed of an ion containing or consisting of the functional group exemplified above and a counterion thereof.
- Attachment compounds include hydrazine ( H2NNH2 ) , ethylenediamine ( H2NCH2CH2NH2 ) , ethylenedithiol ( HSCH2CH2SH ) , mercaptopropionic acid ( HSCH2CH2COOH ), acetylacetonate ( H 3 CCOCHCOCH 3 ), aminobenzonitrile (NH 2 C 6 H 4 CN), and the like, may be compounds having a plurality of the above functional groups.
- the molecular weight of the adhesion compound is, for example, 300 or less, preferably 200 or less, more preferably 100 or less, still more preferably 80 or less, and in some cases less than 60.
- the lower limit of the molecular weight is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 20 or more, further 30 or more.
- the use of attachment compounds whose molecular weight is not too high is suitable for controlling the spacing of the semiconductor nanoparticles to be narrow.
- the content of the adhesion compound in the composite film may be appropriately adjusted depending on the type thereof, and is expressed by the ratio of the mass of the adhesion compound to the total amount of the semiconductor nanoparticles and the adhesion compound, for example, 1% or more, further 2%. 3% or more, in some cases 5% or more, preferably 8% or more.
- the upper limit of this content is not particularly limited, but is 30% or less, further 20% or less.
- the binder may contain materials other than the adhesion compound, such as various resins.
- resins include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylic resins, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, and polyethylene.
- these polymer materials may be contained in, for example, a layer other than the layer containing the semiconductor nanoparticles, such as a covering layer or an underlying layer of the layer containing the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the binder may contain a pH adjuster, a colorant, a thickener, a surfactant, etc., depending on the necessity for film formation of the composite film, the application, and the like.
- the composite substrate of this embodiment includes a substrate and a composite film containing semiconductor nanoparticles and DLC.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and a substrate made of a material such as resin, glass, fiber, or metal may be used depending on the application.
- the substrate may be a flexible material such as woven fabric, non-woven fabric, paper, or film.
- a transparent substrate may be used.
- Composite substrates can be used for composite films such as electrode films, antistatic films, heat generating films, heat shielding films, light shielding films, antennas, heaters, spectral filters, wear-resistant films, chemical-resistant films, anti-refractive films, and coloring materials.
- film photocatalyst film, catalyst film, photorefractive film, water-repellent film, hydrophilic film, slippery film, anti-adhesion film, bio-affinity film, gas barrier film, anti-corrosion film, low-aggressive film, and electromagnetic wave shielding film It may be used as at least one functional film selected from.
- the substrate may also contain a material that can form part of the composite film, such as an organic compound such as a resin.
- a material that can form part of the composite film such as an organic compound such as a resin.
- a portion of a resin substrate may be converted to DLC by ion beam irradiation to form a portion of the composite film.
- at least a portion of the DLC carbon source may comprise a polymer.
- the carbon source contained in the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film may be an organic compound other than the polymer.
- the composite membranes of the present embodiments can be used in various devices, such as devices containing light-transmitting membranes.
- Such devices include photovoltaic devices typified by solar cells, image display devices typified by liquid crystal displays and organic EL displays, heat generating devices typified by heated windshields, electromagnetic wave shielding windows and heat ray shielding windows.
- Electromagnetic wave shielding devices and the like are typical examples.
- the device corresponds to, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of photovoltaic devices, image display devices, heat generating devices, and electromagnetic shielding devices.
- composite films are used as electrode films, antistatic films, heat-generating films, electromagnetic shielding films, and the like.
- At least one electrode may be placed in contact with the composite membrane for energization or charge ejection. Examples of electrode placement are shown in FIGS.
- a pair of electrodes 51 and 52 are spaced apart in the membrane surface direction of the composite membrane 4 .
- a current flows in the membrane surface direction of the composite membrane 4.
- FIG. 10 This composite membrane can function, for example, as a heating membrane.
- the electrodes 51 and 52 need not be formed on the surface 7a of the substrate 7 and may be formed on the surface 4a of the composite membrane 4.
- FIG. It should be noted that only one electrode is sufficient to discharge electric charges from the composite film for antistatic purposes instead of for heat generation.
- the composite film 4 in contact with the electrode 53 is used as the light-transmissive electrode.
- the substrate 7 can be a transparent substrate such as a glass plate or a transparent resin plate
- the electrode 54 can be a metal film such as aluminum.
- the substrate 7 and the electrodes 54 are not limited to these.
- the substrate 7 may be a substrate having a thin film on its surface.
- the electrodes 53 extend along the direction perpendicular to the paper surface (the y direction in FIG. 11).
- the composite membrane 4 in order to reduce the potential difference in the composite membrane 4 depending on the distance from the electrode 53, the composite membrane 4 must have a high electrical conductivity at least in the film plane direction (x direction) perpendicular to the direction in which the electrodes extend. It is preferred to have C1.
- the area S1 of the region where the electrode 53 and the composite membrane 4 overlap when observed from the z direction perpendicular to the film surface of the composite membrane 4 is the area S2 of the composite membrane 4. Less than 1/2, ie less than 50%.
- the ratio of the area S1 to the area S2 may be, for example, 30% or less, further 20% or less, and in some cases 10% or less.
- the shape and arrangement of the electrodes in the device are not limited to those illustrated in FIGS.
- the heat shielding device 301 includes a base material 105 and a composite film formed on the base material 105 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a "heat shielding film” in the description of the heat shielding device). ) 110.
- a composite film formed on the base material 105 hereinafter sometimes referred to as a "heat shielding film” in the description of the heat shielding device).
- One of the main surfaces of the heat shield film 110 is an exposed surface and is in contact with the external gas.
- the heat shielding film 110 is composed of semiconductor nanoparticles (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “infrared absorbing particles” in the description of the heat shielding device) that absorb incident infrared rays to generate electrons and holes, and infrared absorbing particles.
- the heat shielding device 301 has an electrode 108 arranged so as to be in contact with a portion of the heat shielding film 110 .
- the electrode 108 is formed on the peripheral portion of the surface of the heat shield film 110 .
- the electrode 108 is, for example, a metal film, which is substantially non-light-transmitting, but may be a film having light-transmitting properties.
- One end of the conductive portion 111 is connected to the electrode 108 .
- the other end of the conductive portion 111 is connected to a charge carrier emission destination 119 . Destination 119 is a charge receiver that exists outside the device.
- Conductive portion 111 has switch element 112 between electrode 108 and emission destination 119 .
- the electrons generated in the heat shield film 110 reduce the external chemical species 170 on the main surface of the heat shield film 110 and are consequently emitted from the heat shield device 301 .
- the heat shield film 110 functions as a photocatalyst and promotes the reaction of chemical species 170 .
- holes pass through the electrode 108 and the conductive portion 111 and are guided to the emission destination 119 .
- the charge carrier emission shown in FIG. 13 is only one example of the forms of emission.
- the release of charge carriers may proceed through a chemical reaction involving the redox of external species by the charge carriers, the release of the charge carriers to the outside, or a combination thereof. Reactions such as oxidation of external species may involve decomposition or modification of that species.
- the heat shielding device 301 has a light receiving area capable of receiving incident light 150 containing infrared rays.
- the light-receiving region includes a light-transmitting region 141 through which at least part of the visible light contained in the incident light 150 is transmitted, and a non-light-transmitting region 142 through which the visible light contained in the incident light 150 is substantially not transmitted.
- the two main surfaces of the power generation layer (photoelectric conversion layer) in the photoelectric conversion device are entirely covered with adjacent layers and are not exposed to the outside, unlike the heat shield film 110 in the heat shield device 301 . do not have. 12 and 13, the photoelectric conversion device supplies electric charge to a circuit including at least one of an inverter, a storage device, a voltmeter, and an ammeter.
- the heat shielding device 301 has a heat shielding film 110 which is an infrared absorbing film, and may be connected to the outside of the device so as to satisfy at least one selected from the group consisting of a) to c) below. a) At least part of the charge carriers selected from electrons and holes generated in the composite film (infrared absorbing film) by irradiation with infrared rays is in contact with the main surface of the infrared absorbing film and is in the gas phase or liquid phase outside the device.
- At least part of the electrons and holes generated in the composite film (infrared absorption film) by irradiation with infrared rays is outside the device other than the circuit including at least one of the inverter, the storage device, the voltmeter and the ammeter. Recombine.
- At least part of the charge carriers selected from electrons and holes generated in the composite film (infrared absorbing film) by irradiation with infrared rays is emitted to the outside of the infrared device having a ground potential.
- a device that utilizes the optical transparency of the film and a heat shielding device were exemplified, but the device is not limited to these.
- all of the exemplified devices have a conductive portion such as an electrode electrically connected to the composite membrane, but depending on the type of device using a composite membrane, the conductive portion is not required.
- the manufacturing method of the present embodiment includes a first step of forming a semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film containing semiconductor nanoparticles and a carbon source, and irradiating the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film with an ion beam to generate DLC, a second step of obtaining a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film containing semiconductor nanoparticles and DLC, wherein the carbon source includes an organic compound other than a polymer.
- the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film may be polymer-free.
- the carbon source may be an organic compound contained in the binder described above. Carbon sources may include attachment compounds that attach to the semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the carbon source may consist only of low-molecular-weight compounds.
- the first step may be, for example, a step of forming a semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film containing semiconductor nanoparticles and a binder. This step may be performed based on the description of Patent Document 1. However, the first step is not limited to the contents described in Patent Document 1. For example, in the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film, at least part of the semiconductor nanoparticles may not be arranged in a line.
- the DLC produced in the second step may contain carbon atoms derived from the carbon source in the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film.
- the DLC may also contain carbon atoms derived from another carbon source, such as a carbon source supplied from the substrate.
- the type of ion beam, dose amount, etc. are not particularly limited as long as DLC is generated on the film.
- Ion species constituting the ion beam are not particularly limited, but examples include helium, argon, nitrogen, and carbon.
- the composite membrane can contain, for example, inert elements and/or nitrogen, depending on the ion beam irradiated.
- the second step may involve modification of the semiconductor nanoparticles along with the generation of DLC.
- This modification may be, for example, alteration of the semiconductor material contained in the semiconductor nanoparticles, or an increase in carrier density in the semiconductor material.
- Alteration of the semiconductor material may be, for example, the production of p-type semiconductor material from an intrinsic semiconductor.
- the composite film of the present invention can also be produced by a method of forming DLC into a film on which semiconductor nanoparticles are formed by a vapor phase synthesis method such as plasma CVD.
- Example 1 Formation of film containing semiconductor nanoparticles
- Copper sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized with reference to an existing method (Chemistry of Materials, 2017, 29, 4783-4791).
- the synthesized copper sulfide nanoparticle ink was dispersed in octane and used as the first ink.
- the copper sulfide nanoparticles contained in the first ink were disc-shaped and had an average maximum particle size of 30 nm.
- a spin coater was used to apply 50 ⁇ l of the first ink onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate to obtain a coating film.
- the concentration of the first ink was adjusted to 50 mg/ml when applied.
- an additional coating film was formed by film formation using the first ink in the same manner as described above, and then the compound was replaced in the same manner as described above using the second ink.
- a PET substrate on which a thick semiconductor nanoparticle-containing composite film was formed was obtained.
- the film thickness of the obtained semiconductor nanoparticle composite film was 100 nm.
- FIG. 1 An example of the analysis results of the semiconductor nanoparticle composite film by the X-ray diffraction method (XRD) is shown in FIG. A peak derived from the diamond structure can be confirmed.
- the semiconductor nanoparticle composite film was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and a peak derived from the sp 3 carbon structure near 2900 cm -1 and a peak derived from the sp 2 carbon structure near 1600 cm -1 confirmed the peak.
- FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- the surface resistivity of the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film (ion beam irradiation time: 0 minutes) and the semiconductor nanoparticle composite film (irradiation time: 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes or 40 minutes) was measured by the four-probe method. The results are shown in FIG. It can be confirmed that the surface resistivity significantly decreases according to the dose of the ion beam. The ion beam irradiation reduced the surface resistivity to about 50%.
- a surface resistivity of 100 ⁇ / ⁇ corresponds to 1000 S/cm.
- the electrical conductivity of the semiconductor nanoparticle composite film according to this example corresponds to a surface resistivity of less than 100 ⁇ /square, ie electrical conductivity of greater than 1000 S/cm.
- the PET substrate on which the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film (ion beam irradiation time: 0 minutes) and the PET substrate on which the semiconductor nanoparticle composite film (time: 30 minutes) was formed were irradiated with infrared light and the temperature rise was measured. .
- These film-coated substrates were irradiated with light from an AM1.5 pseudo-sunlight source (100 mW) that was passed through a band-pass filter to filter out only light with a wavelength of 600 nm or longer.
- the temperature rise of the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film was 2.7°C.
- the temperature rise of the semiconductor nanoparticle composite film was 1.8°C.
- the transmittance of visible light and infrared light was measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV3600).
- the light transmittance at a wavelength of 560 nm was 84%.
- a high transmittance in the visible range was confirmed, but the transmittance was slightly lower than 94% before the ion beam irradiation. This is because helium, which has high permeability, was used as the ion species of the ion beam, so that the PET of the substrate reacted and changed color.
- the transmittance in the infrared region was sufficiently low, and the transmittance at wavelengths from 1000 nm to 2500 nm was less than 40%.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, an ink containing disc-shaped copper sulfide nanoparticles with an average height of 5 nm and an average diameter (average maximum particle diameter) of 30 nm was obtained.
- a PET substrate and a glass substrate were coated with this ink in the same manner as in Example 1, except that this ink was used instead of the first ink, to obtain a semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film.
- the film thickness was formed thicker than that of the first embodiment.
- the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film on the glass substrate had a surface resistivity of 41 ⁇ / ⁇ , and the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film on the PET substrate had a surface resistivity of 70 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- FIGS. 1 and 2 TEM images of the semiconductor nanoparticle composite films obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2 are shown in FIGS. In this observed surface, the proportion of semiconductor nanoparticles exceeded 50%. It can also be confirmed that some semiconductor nanoparticles are arranged in a line while keeping a small distance from each other.
- Example 3 A PET substrate on which a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film was formed was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. The composite film thus formed had a surface resistivity of 243 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the PET substrate on which the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film was formed was irradiated with an ion beam under the conditions shown in Table 2.
- Table 2 also shows the surface resistivity after ion beam irradiation.
- Example 4 A PET substrate on which a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film was formed was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3. Subsequently, the PET substrate on which the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film was formed was irradiated with an ion beam under the conditions shown in Table 3. Table 3 also shows the surface resistivity after ion beam irradiation.
- Example 5 A PET substrate on which a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film was formed was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. The surface resistivity of the formed composite film was 134.9 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the PET substrate on which the semiconductor nanoparticle-containing film was formed was irradiated with an ion beam under the conditions shown in Table 4.
- Table 4 also shows the surface resistivity after ion beam irradiation.
- the properties of the semiconductor nanoparticle composite film can be adjusted by selecting the ion species and controlling the ion irradiation dose.
- Example 6 An organic thin-film solar cell containing a semiconductor nanoparticle composite film as a conductive layer was fabricated.
- a CuS film having a thickness of 200 to 400 nm and a thickness of 30 to 60 layers was formed on a UV ozone-treated PET substrate by spin coating.
- helium or carbon ion beam irradiation was performed under the conditions shown in Table 5 to produce DLC.
- the surface of the film was subjected to UV ozone treatment.
- PEDOT/PSS was applied by spin coating (2000 rpm, 45 seconds), and baking treatment was performed using a hot plate at 120° C. for 15 minutes.
- the thickness of the PEDOT/PSS layer, which is a hole transport layer was about 30 nm.
- P3HT poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)
- PCBM (6,6)-phenyl C61 methyl butyrate
- This power generation layer forming liquid was applied onto the hole transport layer by spin coating (800 rpm, 30 seconds). The coating liquid was allowed to stand in a glass petri dish for 1 hour to gradually evaporate 1,2-dichlorobenzene, thereby forming a power generation layer having a thickness of about 100 nm.
- an electron transport layer was formed.
- a ZnO nanoparticle layer forming liquid was prepared by the method described above. This forming liquid was applied onto the power generation layer by spin coating (2000 rpm, 30 seconds). The thickness of the ZnO nanoparticle layer was about 140 nm.
- an Ag electrode with a thickness of 100 nm was formed on the electron transport layer using a resistance heating deposition apparatus.
- Table 6 shows the characteristics of the obtained thin-film solar cells.
- the characteristics of the thin-film solar cell were measured using an OTENTO-SUNVI-OP high approximation solar simulator manufactured by Spectroscopy Instruments Co., Ltd. as a light source and a Keithley model 2400 as a source meter.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
i)前記半導体ナノ粒子を主として含む、及び
ii)前記半導体ナノ粒子の少なくとも一部が一列に配列している、
からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つが成立する、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜、を提供する。
半導体ナノ粒子と炭素源とを含む半導体ナノ粒子含有膜を成膜することと、
前記半導体ナノ粒子含有膜にイオンビームを照射してDLCを生成することにより、前記半導体ナノ粒子と前記DLCとを含む半導体ナノ粒子複合膜を得ることと、
を具備し、
前記炭素源は、ポリマー以外の有機化合物を含む、製造方法、を提供する。
本実施形態の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜(以下、単に「複合膜」とも記載する)は、半導体ナノ粒子とその他の材料とを含む複合膜である。その他の材料には、少なくともDLCが含まれる。本実施形態の複合膜では、下記のi)及び/又はii)が成立する。
i)半導体ナノ粒子を主として含む。
ii)半導体ナノ粒子の少なくとも一部が一列に配列している。
(R2-R1)/R1)×100
R1は屈曲試験前の表面抵抗率(Ω/□)であり、R2は所定回数の屈曲試験後の表面抵抗率(Ω/□)である。
(半導体ナノ粒子)
半導体ナノ粒子は、半導体材料として、化合物半導体、具体的には酸化物、硫化物、セレン化物及びテルル化物から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含んでいてもよい。好ましい酸化物としては、酸化錫、酸化インジウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化タングステン、酸化モリブデン、酸化カドミウム、酸化銅、酸化バナジウム、酸化ガリウム銅を例示できる。好ましい硫化物としては、硫化銅、硫化銅インジウムを例示できる。好ましいセレン化物としては、セレン化銅を例示できる。好ましいテルル化物としては、テルル化銅を例示できる。半導体ナノ粒子は、酸化チタン以外の半導体材料を含むものであってもよい。酸化チタンはn型半導体材料である。
・ピコ秒レーザ(EKSPLA社製「PL2210A」、繰り返し周波数1kHz、パルス幅25ps、パルスエネルギー0.9mJ(波長1064nm))
・スーパーコンティニューム光源(Fianium社製「SC450」、繰り返し周波数20MHz、パルス幅50~100ps)
ただし、この条件は一例であり、局所表面プラズモン励起からの緩和時間の測定には、対象とする材料に応じた適切な条件を設定することができる。
すなわち、本発明は、別の側面から、
半導体ナノ粒子とDLCとを含む、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜であって、
iii)前記半導体ナノ粒子はp型半導体材料を含む、
iv)前記半導体ナノ粒子は不純物半導体材料を含む、
v)前記半導体ナノ粒子はLSPR-IR吸収半導体を含む、及び
vi)前記複合膜は、赤外線の照射により前記半導体ナノ粒子に発生する電子又は正孔を前記半導体ナノ粒子から受け取るアクセプタ材料をさらに含む、
からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つが成立する、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜、を提供する。
この複合膜は、半導体ナノ粒子とDLCとを含み、半導体ナノ粒子が、p型半導体材料、不純物半導体材料、LSPR-IR吸収半導体材料、及び、赤外線の照射により前記半導体ナノ粒子に発生する電子又は正孔を前記半導体ナノ粒子から受け取るDLC以外のアクセプタ材料、からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つに相当する半導体材料を含む、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜である。
すなわち、本発明は、別の側面から、
照射された赤外線の少なくとも一部を遮蔽する遮熱デバイスであって、
前記赤外線を吸収して電子と正孔とを生成する半導体ナノ粒子と、前記電子又は前記正孔を前記粒子から受け取るアクセプタであるDLCと、を含む複合膜を備え、
前記電子及び前記正孔から選択される電荷担体の少なくとも一部は、前記複合膜から前記遮熱デバイスの外部へ放出される、遮熱デバイスを提供する。
すなわち、本発明は、別の側面から、
半導体ナノ粒子とDLCとを含む、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜であって、
前記半導体ナノ粒子の平均最大粒径が20nm~2000nmである、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜、を提供する。
ダイヤモンドライクカーボン(DLC)は、SP3結合とSP2結合の両者で結合した炭素原子を骨格構造とするアモルファス膜である。DLCは、高耐摩耗性、低摩擦性等の特性を有する材料として知られている。このため、DLCは、通常、それ自体から構成されるコーティング、すなわち膜として形成される。DLC膜の成膜法としては、プラズマCVD法等の気相合成法による堆積に加え、ポリマー膜にイオンビームを照射してポリマーをDLCに変質させる方法が知られている。
複合膜は、半導体ナノ粒子及びDLCと共に、バインダーを含んでいてもよい。DLCも半導体ナノ粒子の間に介在して膜を形成するという意味ではバインダー成分であるが、ここではバインダーをDLC以外の成分として扱う。バインダーは、DLCと共に、半導体ナノ粒子の間に介在して複合膜に可撓性を付与し得る好ましい構成要素である。バインダーは、イオンビームの照射対象とする半導体ナノ粒子含有膜の成膜性の向上、ナノ粒子の適切な配列等にも寄与し得る。
本実施形態の複合基材は、基板と、半導体ナノ粒子及びDLCを含む複合膜とを備えている。基板は、特に限定されず、用途に応じた材料、例えば樹脂、ガラス、繊維、金属等の材料により構成されたものを使用すればよい。基板は、織布、不織布、紙、フィルム等の柔軟性を有するものとしてもよい。用途によっては、透明基板を使用してもよい。複合基材は、複合膜を、電極膜、帯電防止膜、発熱膜、遮熱膜、遮光膜、アンテナ、ヒーター、分光用フィルター、耐摩耗性膜、耐薬品性膜、耐屈折膜、着色用の膜、光触媒膜、触媒膜、光屈折膜、撥水膜、親水膜、滑り性膜、耐凝着性膜、生体親和膜、ガスバリア膜、耐腐食膜、低攻撃性膜、及び電磁波遮蔽膜から選ばれる少なくとも1つの機能膜として使用するものであってもよい。
本実施形態の複合膜は、各種のデバイス、例えば光透過性の膜を含むデバイスに使用することができる。このようなデバイスとしては、太陽電池に代表される光起電力デバイス、液晶ディスプレイ及び有機ELディスプレイに代表される画像表示デバイス、ヒーテッドウインドシールドに代表される発熱デバイス、電磁波シールド窓及び熱線遮蔽窓に代表される電磁波遮蔽デバイス等が挙げられる。デバイスは、例えば、光起電力デバイス、画像表示デバイス、発熱デバイス、及び電磁波遮蔽デバイスからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つに相当する。これらのデバイスにおいて、複合膜は、電極膜、帯電防止膜、発熱膜、電磁波遮蔽膜等として使用される。透明性の高い複合膜が前述の用途に使用されることにより、商品のデザイン性を妨げない、情報通信を阻害しない、不可視性を実現できるなどのメリットが得られる。
a)赤外線の照射により複合膜(赤外線吸収膜)に発生する電子及び正孔から選ばれる電荷担体の少なくとも一部は、赤外線吸収膜の主面に接すると共に気相又は液相であるデバイスの外部の化学種を酸化又は還元することにより放出される。
b)赤外線の照射により複合膜(赤外線吸収膜)に発生する電子及び正孔の少なくとも一部は、インバータ、蓄電デバイス、電圧計及び電流計の少なくとも1つを含む回路以外であるデバイスの外部において再結合する。
c)赤外線の照射により複合膜(赤外線吸収膜)に発生する電子及び正孔から選ばれる電荷担体の少なくとも一部は、グラウンド電位を有する赤外線デバイスの外部に放出される。
本実施形態の製造方法は、半導体ナノ粒子と炭素源とを含む半導体ナノ粒子含有膜を成膜する第1ステップと、半導体ナノ粒子含有膜にイオンビームを照射してDLCを生成させることにより、半導体ナノ粒子とDLCとを含む半導体ナノ粒子複合膜を得る第2ステップと、を具備し、炭素源は、ポリマー以外の有機化合物を含む、製造方法である。半導体ナノ粒子含有膜は、ポリマーを含まないものであってもよい。炭素源は、上述したバインダーに含まれる有機化合物であってもよい。炭素源は、半導体ナノ粒子に付着する付着化合物を含むものであってもよい。炭素源は、低分子化合物のみからなるものであってもよい。
(半導体ナノ粒子含有膜の形成)
硫化銅ナノ粒子は既存の方法(Chemistry of Materials, 2017, 29, 4783-4791)を参考にして合成を行った。合成した硫化銅ナノ粒子インクをオクタンに分散し、これを第一インクとした。第一インクに含まれる硫化銅ナノ粒子はディスク状であって、その平均最大粒径は30nmであった。
引き続き、半導体ナノ粒子含有膜が形成されたPET基板に以下の条件でイオンビームを照射し、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜を得た。
・イオン種:ヘリウム
・ドーズ量:ビーム電流値:0.5nA/mm2/s
・ビームフラックス:3.12×109ion/mm2/s
・照射時間:5分、10分、20分又は40分
半導体ナノ粒子複合膜のX線回折法(XRD)による分析結果の一例を図14に示す。ダイヤモンド構造に由来するピークが確認できる。また、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜をフーリエ変換赤外分光法(FT-IR)により測定し、2900cm-1近傍にsp3炭素構造に由来するピークを、1600cm-1近傍にsp2炭素構造に由来するピークを確認した。
ナノインデンテーション法を用い、半導体ナノ粒子含有膜(イオンビーム照射時間:0分)及び半導体ナノ粒子複合膜(同:40分)の硬度及び弾性率を測定した。結果を以下の表に示す。
四探針法により、半導体ナノ粒子含有膜(イオンビーム照射時間:0分)及び半導体ナノ粒子複合膜(同:5分、10分、20分又は40分)の表面抵抗率を測定した。結果を図15に示す。イオンビームの照射量に応じ、表面抵抗率が大きく低下することが確認できる。イオンビームの照射により、表面抵抗率は50%程度にまで低下した。電子顕微鏡を用いた断面観察の結果を参照すると、表面抵抗率の低下をもたらした膜の導電性の大幅な向上は、半導体ナノ粒子の間隔の短縮ではなく、膜に生成したDLCの影響と推定される。なお、複合膜の膜厚(100nm)を考慮すると、表面抵抗率100Ω/□は、1000S/cmに相当する。本実施例による半導体ナノ粒子複合膜の導電率は、表面抵抗率100Ω/□未満、すなわち導電率1000S/cm超に相当する。
半導体ナノ粒子含有膜(イオンビーム照射時間:0分)を形成したPET基板及び半導体ナノ粒子複合膜(同:5分、20分、40分)を形成したPET基板について、屈曲試験を実施した。屈曲試験の詳細は、図7を参照して上記で説明したとおりである。試験後に膜の表面抵抗率R2を測定し、試験前の表面抵抗率R1と共に下記の式に代入して抵抗変化率を算出した。
(R2-R1)/R1×100[%]
結果を図16に示す。
半導体ナノ粒子含有膜(イオンビーム照射時間:0分)を形成したPET基板及び半導体ナノ粒子複合膜(同:30分)を形成したPET基板について、赤外光を照射し、温度上昇を測定した。これらの膜付き基板には、バンドパスフィルターを通過させて波長600nm以上の光のみとしたAM1.5疑似太陽光源(100mW)からの光を照射した。照射開始10分後、半導体ナノ粒子含有膜の温度上昇は2.7℃であった。これに対し、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜の温度上昇は1.8℃であった。
半導体ナノ粒子複合膜(イオンビーム照射時間:10分)について、分光光度計 島津UV3600を用いて)可視光及び赤外光の透過率を測定した。波長560nmの光線透過率は84%であった。可視域での高い透過率が確認できたが、イオンビーム照射前の透過率94%からやや低下していた。これは、イオンビームのイオン種として、透過性の高いヘリウムを用いたため、基板のPETが反応して変色したことによる。一方、赤外域での透過率は十分に低く、波長1000nm~2500nmでの透過率は40%未満であった。
粘着テープを用いたプルオフ法により膜の引き剥がし試験を実施した。粘着テープとしては、ニチバン社製セロハンテープ(登録商標)CT1835-5Pを用いた。この粘着テープをPET基板上に形成した各半導体ナノ粒子複合膜(同:5~40分)に貼り付け、さらに引き剥がした。いずれの膜についても剥離は確認できなかった。
実施例1と同様にして、平均高さ5nm、平均直径(平均最大粒径)30nmのディスク状の硫化銅ナノ粒子を含むインクを得た。このインクを第1インクに代えて用いたことを除いては実施例1と同様にして、PET基板とガラス基板上に塗布し、半導体ナノ粒子含有膜を得た。ただし、膜厚は実施例1よりも厚く形成した。ガラス基板上の半導体ナノ粒子含有膜の表面抵抗率は41Ω/□、PET基板上の半導体ナノ粒子含有膜の表面抵抗率は70Ω/□であった。
実施例2と同様にして、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜が形成されたPET基板を得た。なお、形成した複合膜の表面抵抗率は243Ω/□となった。
実施例3と同様にして、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜が形成されたPET基板を得た。引き続き、半導体ナノ粒子含有膜が形成されたPET基板に表3に示す条件でイオンビームを照射した。イオンビーム照射後の表面抵抗率を表3に併せて示す。
実施例2と同様にして、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜が形成されたPET基板を得た。なお、形成した複合膜の表面抵抗率は134.9Ω/□となった。
半導体ナノ粒子複合膜を導電層として含む有機薄膜太陽電池を作製した。まず、膜厚200~400nmの厚みの30~60層のCuS膜をUVオゾン処理済みのPET基板上にスピンコートを用いて成膜した。次に、ヘリウム又は炭素のイオンビーム照射を表5の条件で実施してDLCを生成させた。さらに、膜の表面にUVオゾン処理を実施した。その後、スピンコート(2000rpm,45秒)でPEDOT・PSSを塗付し、ホットプレートを用いて120℃、15分間の条件でベーキング処理を実施した。正孔輸送層であるPEDOT・PSS層の厚みは約30nmであった。
Claims (17)
- 半導体ナノ粒子とダイヤモンドライクカーボンを含み、
i)前記半導体ナノ粒子を主として含む、及び
ii)前記半導体ナノ粒子の少なくとも一部が一列に配列している、
からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つが成立する、半導体ナノ粒子複合膜。 - 前記半導体ナノ粒子は、酸化チタン以外の半導体材料を含む、請求項1に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜。
- 少なくとも前記i)が成立する、請求項1に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜。
- iii)前記半導体ナノ粒子はp型半導体材料を含む、
iv)前記半導体ナノ粒子は不純物半導体材料を含む、
v)前記半導体ナノ粒子はLSPR-IR吸収半導体材料を含む、及び
vi)前記複合膜は、赤外線の照射により前記半導体ナノ粒子に発生する電子又は正孔を前記半導体ナノ粒子から受け取るアクセプタ材料をさらに含む、
からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つがさらに成立する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜。 - 少なくとも前記iii)が成立する、請求項4に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜。
- 前記複合膜において、赤外線の照射により前記半導体ナノ粒子に発生する電子又は正孔の少なくとも一部が前記ダイヤモンドライクカーボンに移動する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜。
- 表面抵抗率が1000Ω/□以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜。
- 表面抵抗率が100Ω/□以下である、請求項7に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜。
- 導電率が500S/cm以上である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜。
- 屈曲試験前の表面抵抗率をR1、2000回の屈曲を与えた屈曲試験後の表面抵抗率をR2としたときに、下記式により算出される抵抗変化率が50%以下である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜。
(R2-R1)/R1×100[%] - 前記半導体ナノ粒子は、1nm~2000nmの平均最大粒径を有する、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜。
- 基板と、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載された半導体ナノ粒子複合膜と、を含む複合基材。
- 前記基板は、樹脂基板である、請求項12に記載の複合基材。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜と、
前記半導体ナノ粒子複合膜に電気的に接続した導電部と、を備えたデバイス。 - 光起電力デバイス、画像表示デバイス、発熱デバイス、及び電磁波遮蔽デバイスからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つに相当する、請求項14に記載のデバイス。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜の製造方法であって、
半導体ナノ粒子と炭素源とを含む半導体ナノ粒子含有膜を成膜することと、
前記半導体ナノ粒子含有膜にイオンビームを照射してダイヤモンドライクカーボンを生成させることにより、前記半導体ナノ粒子と前記ダイヤモンドライクカーボンとを含む半導体ナノ粒子複合膜を得ることと、
を具備し、
前記炭素源は、ポリマー以外の有機化合物を含む、製造方法。 - 前記半導体ナノ粒子含有膜はポリマーを含まない、請求項16に記載の半導体ナノ粒子複合膜の製造方法。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2023577094A JPWO2023145975A1 (ja) | 2022-01-31 | 2023-01-31 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2022-013741 | 2022-01-31 | ||
JP2022013741 | 2022-01-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023145975A1 true WO2023145975A1 (ja) | 2023-08-03 |
Family
ID=87472128
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2023/003128 WO2023145975A1 (ja) | 2022-01-31 | 2023-01-31 | 半導体ナノ粒子複合膜、これを含む複合基材及びデバイス、並びに半導体ナノ粒子複合膜の製造方法 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPWO2023145975A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2023145975A1 (ja) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014175432A1 (ja) | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-30 | 株式会社長町サイエンスラボ | Dlc層を有する構造体及びdlc層の生成方法 |
WO2021075495A1 (ja) | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-22 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 導電膜、分散体とこれらの製造方法、及び導電膜を含むデバイス |
-
2023
- 2023-01-31 JP JP2023577094A patent/JPWO2023145975A1/ja active Pending
- 2023-01-31 WO PCT/JP2023/003128 patent/WO2023145975A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014175432A1 (ja) | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-30 | 株式会社長町サイエンスラボ | Dlc層を有する構造体及びdlc層の生成方法 |
WO2021075495A1 (ja) | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-22 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 導電膜、分散体とこれらの製造方法、及び導電膜を含むデバイス |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, vol. 29, 2017, pages 4783 - 4791 |
JIANG JINLONG; DU JINFANG; WANG QIONG; ZHANG XIA; ZHU WEIJUN; LI RUISHAN; YANG HUA: "Enhanced field emission properties from graphene-TiO2/DLC nanocomposite films prepared by ultraviolet-light assisted electrochemical deposition", JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA, LAUSANNE., CH, vol. 686, 11 June 2016 (2016-06-11), CH , pages 588 - 592, XP029701906, ISSN: 0925-8388, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.06.084 * |
MARCIANO, F.R. ; LIMA-OLIVEIRA, D.A. ; DA-SILVA, N.S. ; DINIZ, A.V. ; CORAT, E.J. ; TRAVA-AIROLDI, V.J.: "Antibacterial activity of DLC films containing TiO"2 nanoparticles", JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE, ACADEMIC PRESS,INC., US, vol. 340, no. 1, 1 December 2009 (2009-12-01), US , pages 87 - 92, XP026674180, ISSN: 0021-9797, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.08.024 * |
WILKEN, S.PARISI, J.BORCHERT, H.: "Role of Oxygen Adsorption in Nanocrystalline ZnO Interfacial Layers for Polymer-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells", J. PHYS. CHEM. C, vol. 118, 2014, pages 19672 - 19682 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2023145975A1 (ja) | 2023-08-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Yang et al. | Semi-transparent ZnO-CuI/CuSCN photodiode detector with narrow-band UV photoresponse | |
Dai et al. | Pulsed laser deposition of CdSe quantum dots on Zn2SnO4 nanowires and their photovoltaic applications | |
Hu et al. | TiO2 nanocolumn arrays for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells | |
Yun et al. | Role of WO3 layers electrodeposited on SnO2 inverse opal skeletons in photoelectrochemical water splitting | |
Hou et al. | Structure and band edge energy of highly luminescent CdSe1–x Te x alloyed quantum dots | |
Hossain et al. | Influence of thickness variation of gamma-irradiated DSSC photoanodic TiO2 film on structural, morphological and optical properties | |
Hu et al. | 22% Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaic Cell Using Cation‐Doped Brookite TiO2 Top Buffer | |
Liu et al. | Novel dye-sensitized solar cell architecture using TiO2-coated vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays | |
Kostis et al. | Effect of the oxygen sub-stoichiometry and of hydrogen insertion on the formation of intermediate bands within the gap of disordered molybdenum oxide films | |
Juan et al. | Plasmonic Au nanooctahedrons enhance light harvesting and photocarrier extraction in perovskite solar cell | |
Li et al. | Centimeter-sized stable zero-dimensional Cs3Bi2I9 single crystal for mid-infrared lead-free perovskite photodetector | |
Lee et al. | Crystal facet‐controlled efficient SnS photocathodes for high performance bias‐free solar water splitting | |
Paulraj et al. | Investigation of samarium-doped PbS thin films fabricated using nebulizer spray technique for photosensing applications | |
Arif et al. | A significant effect of Ce-doping on key characteristics of NiO thin films for optoelectronics facilely fabricated by spin coater | |
Jiang et al. | Engineering the interfaces of ITO@ Cu2S nanowire arrays toward efficient and stable counter electrodes for quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells | |
Ranjitha et al. | CdS quantum dot sensitized nanocrystalline Gd-doped TiO 2 thin films for photoelectrochemical solar cells | |
Talebi et al. | Broadband plasmonic absorption enhancement of perovskite solar cells with embedded Au@ SiO2@ graphene core–shell nanoparticles | |
Du et al. | Hot-Carrier Injection Antennas with Hemispherical AgO x@ Ag Architecture for Boosting the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells | |
Alfadhli et al. | Structural characterizations and photoelectric performance of non-crystalline boron subphthalocyanine chloride films/FTO for photodiode applications | |
Gouda et al. | High-resolution study of TiO2 contact layer thickness on the performance of over 800 perovskite solar cells | |
Ichwani et al. | Adhesion in perovskite solar cell multilayer structures | |
Liu et al. | Aromatic heterocyclic organic spacer cation-assisted growth of large-grain-size 2DRP perovskite film for enhanced solar cell performance | |
Daem et al. | Inverse opal photonic nanostructures for enhanced light harvesting in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells | |
Reddy et al. | Cost-effective Sb-doped SnO 2 films as stable and efficient alternative transparent conducting electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells | |
Kumar et al. | The investigation of thickness-dependent mono-fractal, optical and optoelectronics properties of sputtered silver thin film for silicon solar cell |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 23747185 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2023577094 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023747185 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2023747185 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20240902 |