WO2023145863A1 - 偏波保持ファイバ - Google Patents

偏波保持ファイバ Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023145863A1
WO2023145863A1 PCT/JP2023/002604 JP2023002604W WO2023145863A1 WO 2023145863 A1 WO2023145863 A1 WO 2023145863A1 JP 2023002604 W JP2023002604 W JP 2023002604W WO 2023145863 A1 WO2023145863 A1 WO 2023145863A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polarization
maintaining fiber
core
wavelength
less
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2023/002604
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
義一 佐々木
和幸 林
昌一郎 松尾
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Fujikura Ltd
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Fujikura Ltd
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Priority to JP2023577010A priority Critical patent/JPWO2023145863A1/ja
Priority to CN202380019282.7A priority patent/CN118591745A/zh
Priority to US18/834,309 priority patent/US20250116809A1/en
Publication of WO2023145863A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023145863A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/024—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with polarisation maintaining properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
    • G02B6/02028—Small effective area or mode field radius, e.g. for allowing nonlinear effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
    • G02B6/0365—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - - +

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a polarization-maintaining fiber provided with a pair of stress-applying portions.
  • Optical digital coherent communication has become widely used in order to respond to the increase in optical communication capacity accompanying the spread of smartphones and the diversification of data services. Also, recently, it is being considered to further increase the capacity of optical digital coherent communication by increasing the number of optical transceivers used for optical digital coherent communication.
  • Polarization-maintaining fiber is used to connect devices that perform optical digital coherent communication.
  • Patent Document 1 can be cited.
  • the optical transceivers In order to increase the number of optical transceivers, it is preferable to downsize the optical transceivers.
  • a polarization-maintaining fiber When a polarization-maintaining fiber is accommodated in a small optical transceiver, it becomes necessary to bend the polarization-maintaining fiber with a small bending radius, which leads to deterioration in communication quality due to an increase in bending loss. Further, when the polarization maintaining fiber is accommodated in a small optical transceiver, the polarization maintaining fiber may be twisted as well as bent.
  • the inventors studied the bending loss of polarization-maintaining fibers to which twist was applied. As a result, it was found that the twisted polarization-maintaining fiber has an extremely large bending loss compared to the non-twisted polarization-maintaining fiber.
  • One aspect of the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to reduce bending loss even if a degree of torsion that may occur when being accommodated in an optical transceiver or when being applied to a sensor is applied. To realize a polarization-maintaining fiber capable of suppressing to a level capable of withstanding normal use.
  • a polarization-maintaining fiber according to aspect 1 of the present invention comprises a core, a pair of stress-applying portions disposed on both sides of the core, and a clad enclosing the core and the pair of stress-applying portions, and
  • the cutoff wavelength is 1.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 1.31 ⁇ m when the length is 2 m and the bending radius is 140 mm.
  • the bending loss at 0.31 ⁇ m is 6.6 dB or less.
  • bending loss can be suppressed to a level that can withstand normal use, even if a twist that can occur when housing in an optical transceiver or when applying to a sensor is applied.
  • polarization-maintaining fiber can be realized.
  • FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-section of a polarization maintaining fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. (b) is a graph showing the refractive index distribution along the line AA' of the cross section shown in (a) of the polarization-maintaining fiber.
  • FIG. 1(a) is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the polarization-maintaining fiber 1.
  • FIG. (b) of FIG. 1 is a graph showing the refractive index distribution of the polarization maintaining fiber 1 along the line AA' of the cross section shown in (a) of FIG.
  • the cross section refers to a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the polarization maintaining fiber 1 .
  • the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 includes a core 11, a pair of stress applying portions 12a and 12b arranged on both sides of the core 11, and a core 11 and a pair of stress applying portions 12a and 12b. and a clad 13 containing 12b.
  • the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 may have a coating that covers the clad 13 .
  • the polarization maintaining fiber 1 is also called a PANDA (Polarization-maintaining AND Absorption-reducing) fiber.
  • the core 11 is a columnar region extending in the central axis direction of the polarization maintaining fiber 1 .
  • the core refractive index n11 is higher than the clad 13 refractive index n13.
  • the core 11 is made of, for example, silica glass doped with an updopant. Examples of the updopant added to the core 11 include germanium (Ge).
  • the cross-sectional shape of the core 11 is circular.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the core 11 is not limited to this.
  • the cross-sectional shape of core 11 may be oval, crescent, or non-circular, for example.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the core 11 refers to the cross-sectional shape of the core 11 perpendicular to the central axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 .
  • the stress-applying portions 12 a and 12 b are columnar regions extending in the central axis direction of the polarization maintaining fiber 1 .
  • the refractive index n12 of the stress applying portions 12a and 12b is lower than the refractive index n13 of the clad.
  • the stress-applying portions 12a and 12b are made of silica glass to which a down dopant is added, for example. Boron (B) and fluorine (F) are examples of down dopants added to the stress applying portions 12a and 12b.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the stress-applying portions 12a and 12b is circular (illustrated by solid lines) or elliptical (illustrated by dotted lines) whose short axis direction is the direction in which the stress-applying portions 12a and 12b are arranged.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the stress applying portions 12a and 12b are not limited to these.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the stress applying portions 12a, 12b may be, for example, crescent-shaped or non-circular.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the stress-applying portions 12a and 12b refers to the shape of the cross-section orthogonal to the central axis of the polarization maintaining fiber 1 among the cross-sections of the stress-applying portions 12a and 12b.
  • the stress applying portions 12a and 12b are separated from the core 11 respectively.
  • the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 that satisfies Condition 2 or Condition 3, which will be described later.
  • the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 by melt drawing, it is possible to reduce the possibility of the core 11 undergoing unexpected deformation due to the stress from the stress-applying portions 12a and 12b.
  • the core 11 is in contact with the stress-applying portions 12a and 12b (for example, in a bite-like contact), the transmission loss is worsened due to material mismatch.
  • the core 11 is spaced apart from the stress-applying portions 12a and 12b, it is possible to suppress deterioration of transmission loss due to structural mismatch.
  • the cladding 13 is a columnar region extending in the central axis direction of the polarization maintaining fiber 1 .
  • the refractive index n13 of the clad 13 is lower than the refractive index n11 of the core 11 and higher than the refractive index n12 of the stress applying portions 12a and 12b.
  • the clad 13 is made of quartz glass, for example.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the clad 13 is circular.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the clad 13 is not limited to this.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the cladding 13 may be oval, crescent, or non-circular, for example.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the clad 13 refers to the cross-sectional shape of the clad 13 perpendicular to the central axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 .
  • the clad diameter is preferably 80 ⁇ m or less.
  • the installation area when it is accommodated in an optical transceiver or when it is applied to a sensor, so high-density mounting can be achieved. Since the rigidity can be kept small, it is possible to reduce the deterioration of the mechanical strength of the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 when it is twisted.
  • a feature of the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 according to this embodiment is that it satisfies Condition 1 below.
  • the bending loss at a wavelength of 1.31 ⁇ m is 6.6 dB or less when the bending radius is 5 mm and the twist per fiber length of 31.4 mm (per turn, or approximately per turn) is one rotation. .
  • the bending loss of the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 can be suppressed to a level that can withstand normal use.
  • the degree of twisting that can occur in normal use is, for example, twisting that occurs when the polarization maintaining fiber 1 is accommodated in a housing of an optical transceiver or when the polarization maintaining fiber 1 is applied to a sensor. be.
  • the bending loss that can withstand normal use is, for example, bending loss that does not impair information superimposed on signal light in optical communication using the polarization maintaining fiber 1 .
  • the above bending loss can be any value of 6.6 dB or less. Therefore, for example, from the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 that satisfies Condition 1, to the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 whose bending loss is a specific numerical value, or the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 whose bending loss is within a specific numerical range, , are also included in the scope of disclosure of the specification of the present application as the polarization maintaining fiber 1 having the above effects.
  • the bending loss when twisting the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 tends to be minimized at the cut-off wavelength. Therefore, by bringing the cut-off wavelength closer to the working wavelength (1.31 ⁇ m in this embodiment), the amount of light leaking from the core 11 to the clad 13 when twisting and bending occurs can be suppressed. Also, by making the cut-off wavelength smaller than the working wavelength, it is possible to realize single-mode transmission at the working wavelength. Focusing on these points, the inventors of the present application have found that when the cut-off wavelength satisfies the following condition 1a, the bending loss when twisting satisfies the above condition 1, and single-mode transmission at the working wavelength is possible. We have found that the polarization maintaining fiber 1 can be realized.
  • the cutoff wavelength is 1.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 1.31 ⁇ m when the fiber length is 2 m and the bending radius is 140 mm.
  • the cut-off wavelength can be any value between 1.20 ⁇ m and less than 1.31 ⁇ m. Therefore, for example, from the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 satisfying the conditions 1 and 1a, to the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 having the cut-off wavelength of a specific value, or the polarization-maintaining fiber having the cut-off wavelength within a specific numerical range, 1 is also included in the scope of disclosure of this specification as the polarization maintaining fiber 1 that satisfies condition 1 above.
  • the cut-off wavelength may shift to the longer wavelength side due to lateral pressure on the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 (for example, lateral pressure caused by deterioration of the resin coating covering the side surface of the polarization-maintaining fiber 1) or disturbance.
  • lateral pressure on the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 for example, lateral pressure caused by deterioration of the resin coating covering the side surface of the polarization-maintaining fiber 1
  • disturbance for example, lateral pressure caused by deterioration of the resin coating covering the side surface of the polarization-maintaining fiber 1
  • the cut-off wavelength may shift to the longer wavelength side due to lateral pressure or disturbance.
  • the lower limit of the cut-off wavelength is set to 1.20 ⁇ m, even if the cut-off wavelength shifts to the longer wavelength side due to the side pressure or disturbance, the cut-off wavelength is prevented from exceeding the working wavelength. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the possibility of difficulty in single-mode transmission at the wavelength used.
  • the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 in which the relative refractive index difference of the core 11 with respect to the clad 13 is large can suppress the bending loss when torsion is applied. Therefore, when the relative refractive index difference of the core 11 with respect to the clad 13 satisfies the following condition 1b, the above condition 1 can be satisfied more reliably.
  • Condition 1b The relative refractive index difference of the core 11 with respect to the clad 13 is 0.35% or more.
  • the small mode field diameter at the wavelength used (1.31 ⁇ m in this embodiment) means that light propagating through the core 11 is strongly confined in the core 11 . Therefore, the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 having a smaller mode field diameter at the wavelength used can suppress bending loss when twisted. Therefore, when the mode field diameter at the working wavelength satisfies the following condition 1c, it becomes possible to satisfy the above condition 1 more reliably.
  • Condition 1c The mode field diameter at a wavelength of 1.31 ⁇ m is 8.8 ⁇ m or less.
  • the relative refractive index difference may be any value of 0.35% or more. Therefore, for example, from the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 satisfying the above conditions 1a, 1b, and 1c, to the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 having the specific value of the relative refractive index difference, or the specific numerical range of the relative refractive index difference.
  • the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 that satisfies Condition 1 above is also included in the scope of disclosure of the present specification.
  • the mode field diameter can be any value of 8.8 ⁇ m or less. Therefore, for example, from the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 that satisfies the above conditions 1a, 1b, and 1c, the polarization-maintaining fiber whose mode field diameter is a specific numerical value or whose mode field diameter is within a specific numerical range 1 is also included in the scope of disclosure of this specification as the polarization maintaining fiber 1 that satisfies condition 1 above.
  • Table 1 shows (1) the bending loss when 10 turns are wound around a mandrel with a radius of 5 mm without twisting, and (2) per fiber length of 31.4 mm for five types of polarization-maintaining fibers A to E. This is the result of measurement of bending loss when twisted by one turn (360°) and wound 10 times around a mandrel with a radius of 5 mm.
  • Table 1 also shows the working wavelength, the cutoff wavelength, the mode field diameter, the clad diameter, and the relative refractive index difference as parameters that have a particularly dominant effect on the bending loss.
  • the cutoff wavelength is the cutoff wavelength when the fiber length is 2 m and the bending radius is 140 mm.
  • the mode field diameter is the mode field diameter at a wavelength of 1.31 ⁇ m (used wavelength).
  • the relative refractive index difference is the relative refractive index difference of the core with respect to the clad.
  • polarization-maintaining fibers A to C satisfy the above conditions 1 and 1a.
  • polarization-maintaining fibers AC are examples.
  • polarization-maintaining fibers D to E do not satisfy Condition 1 described above. Therefore, polarization-maintaining fibers D to E are comparative examples.
  • the relative refractive index difference was 0.35% or more. Therefore, it was confirmed that the relative refractive index difference preferably satisfies the above condition 1b in order for the polarization-maintaining fiber to satisfy the above condition 1.
  • the relative refractive index difference was 0.45% or less. Therefore, in order for the polarization-maintaining fiber to more reliably satisfy Condition 1 above, the relative refractive index difference preferably satisfies Condition 1b' below.
  • the effective condition for reducing the bending loss when torsion is applied is that the relative refractive index difference is 0.35% or more, and that the relative refractive index difference is 0.45% or less. , is not essential to satisfy condition 1.
  • Condition 1b' The relative refractive index difference of the core 11 with respect to the clad 13 is 0.35% or more and 0.45% or less.
  • the mode field diameter was 8.8 ⁇ m or less. Therefore, in order for the polarization-maintaining fiber to satisfy Condition 1 above, it was confirmed that the mode field diameter preferably satisfies Condition 1c above.
  • the mode field diameter was 8.0 ⁇ m or more. Therefore, in order for the polarization-maintaining fiber to more reliably satisfy Condition 1 above, the mode field diameter preferably satisfies Condition 1c' below.
  • the effective condition for reducing the bending loss when torsion is applied is that the mode field diameter is 8.8 ⁇ m or less, and that the mode field diameter is 8.0 ⁇ m or more is the condition 1. not required for fulfillment.
  • Condition 1c' The mode field diameter at a wavelength of 1.31 ⁇ m is 8.0 ⁇ m or more and 8.8 ⁇ m or less.
  • a light source such as a tunable laser that can be used for optical transceivers and sensors typically has an emitted light diameter of 8.0 ⁇ m or more and 9.0 ⁇ m or less in the 1.31 ⁇ m band, for example.
  • the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 satisfies the condition 1c', the difference between the exit light diameter of such a light source and the mode field diameter of the polarization-maintaining fiber 1 can be kept small. Therefore, a polarization-maintaining fiber that satisfies condition 1c' above has the additional advantage that connection loss can be small when connecting with such a light source.
  • the mode field diameter tends to increase. Therefore, in the case of a polarization-maintaining fiber that satisfies the above condition 1c′, the connection loss between the light source and the polarization-maintaining fiber is reduced to can be suppressed. Moreover, when the value of 0.45% or less is satisfied in the above condition 1b', the mode field diameter tends to increase.
  • a polarization-maintaining fiber according to aspect 1 of the present invention comprises a core, a pair of stress-applying portions disposed on both sides of the core, and a clad enclosing the core and the pair of stress-applying portions, and
  • the cutoff wavelength is 1.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 1.31 ⁇ m when the length is 2 m and the bending radius is 140 mm.
  • the bending loss at 0.31 ⁇ m is 6.6 dB or less.
  • the relative refractive index difference of the core with respect to the clad is 0.35% or more, and the mode field diameter at a wavelength of 1.31 ⁇ m is A configuration of 8.8 ⁇ m or less is adopted.
  • the relative refractive index difference of the core with respect to the clad is 0.35% or more and 0.45% or less, and the wavelength is 1.31 ⁇ m.
  • a configuration is adopted in which the mode field diameter at is 8.0 ⁇ m or more and 8.8 ⁇ m or less.
  • a configuration is adopted in which the clad diameter of the clad is 80 ⁇ m or less.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
PCT/JP2023/002604 2022-01-31 2023-01-27 偏波保持ファイバ Ceased WO2023145863A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2023577010A JPWO2023145863A1 (https=) 2022-01-31 2023-01-27
CN202380019282.7A CN118591745A (zh) 2022-01-31 2023-01-27 偏振保持光纤
US18/834,309 US20250116809A1 (en) 2022-01-31 2023-01-27 Polarization-maintaining fiber

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JP2022-013538 2022-01-31
JP2022013538 2022-01-31

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001244535A (ja) * 2000-02-29 2001-09-07 Fujikura Ltd 偏波保持光増幅用ファイバ
JP2002158384A (ja) * 2000-09-07 2002-05-31 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 増幅用光ファイバ、光ファイバ増幅器、光送信器及び光通信システム
JP2003337238A (ja) * 2002-03-15 2003-11-28 Fujikura Ltd 偏波保持光ファイバ
JP2007108261A (ja) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-26 Central Glass Co Ltd 偏波保持光導波路およびその製造方法
WO2008007743A1 (en) * 2006-07-12 2008-01-17 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Polarization retaining optical fiber, manufacturing method of polarization retaining optical fiber connector, and polarization retaining optical fiber connector
US20080095199A1 (en) * 2004-01-30 2008-04-24 Nufern Method and Apparatus for Providing Light Having a Selected Polarization With an Optical Fiber
JP2015184371A (ja) * 2014-03-20 2015-10-22 株式会社フジクラ 偏波保持光ファイバ

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001244535A (ja) * 2000-02-29 2001-09-07 Fujikura Ltd 偏波保持光増幅用ファイバ
JP2002158384A (ja) * 2000-09-07 2002-05-31 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 増幅用光ファイバ、光ファイバ増幅器、光送信器及び光通信システム
JP2003337238A (ja) * 2002-03-15 2003-11-28 Fujikura Ltd 偏波保持光ファイバ
US20080095199A1 (en) * 2004-01-30 2008-04-24 Nufern Method and Apparatus for Providing Light Having a Selected Polarization With an Optical Fiber
JP2007108261A (ja) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-26 Central Glass Co Ltd 偏波保持光導波路およびその製造方法
WO2008007743A1 (en) * 2006-07-12 2008-01-17 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Polarization retaining optical fiber, manufacturing method of polarization retaining optical fiber connector, and polarization retaining optical fiber connector
JP2015184371A (ja) * 2014-03-20 2015-10-22 株式会社フジクラ 偏波保持光ファイバ

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JPWO2023145863A1 (https=) 2023-08-03
CN118591745A (zh) 2024-09-03

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