WO2023145502A1

WO2023145502A1 - Attic-ventilated building

Info

Publication number: WO2023145502A1
Application number: PCT/JP2023/000945
Authority: WO
Inventors: 渉大内; 琢治山下
Original assignee: 吉野石膏株式会社
Priority date: 2022-01-26
Filing date: 2023-01-16
Publication date: 2023-08-03
Also published as: JPWO2023145502A1; TW202332823A

Abstract

Provided is an attic-ventilated building having an attic boundary wall that excels in both moisture permeation performance and heat storage performance (thermal insulation performance). An attic-ventilated building 100 comprises: an outer wall 10 that is provided with a ventilation layer 13 between an exterior material 11 and an outer wall substrate material 12; and an attic space 70 that is between a ceiling 30 and a roof 40 and is in communication with the ventilation layer 13, wherein water vapor that has flowed into the attic space 70 via the ventilation layer 13 is discharged to the outdoors. The attic-ventilated building 100 has an attic boundary wall 50 that is provided at least between the outer wall substrate material 12 and the roof 40, separates the ventilation layer 13 and the attic space 70, and allows water vapor which has flowed into the ventilation layer 13 to permeate into the attic space 70. The attic boundary wall 50 is formed from a gypsum sheet or a gypsum board that has a low resistance to moisture permeation and a high volumetric specific heat.

Description

attic ventilation building

This disclosure relates to attic ventilation buildings.

In buildings such as houses, in order to suppress the spread of fire due to fires in neighboring houses, fire resistance performance is required even in the attic space between the ceiling and the roof. In some cases, an attic parting wall made of a face material with fireproof performance is provided between the eaves and the eaves space on the eaves side. The roof is provided with tower ventilation leading to the attic space, or, for example, the verge is provided with ventilation louvers, and gases represented by water vapor in the attic space are ventilated through the tower ventilation and louvers. It is designed to be discharged outdoors.

By the way, the outer wall of a wooden or steel-framed house is provided with a ventilation layer between the exterior material and the outer wall base material. Attic ventilation is generally applied in which the moisture is moistened and circulated to the attic space through a ventilation layer, and then exhausted to the outside through a tower ventilation or a louver that communicates with the attic space.

However, since the attic parting wall is installed to impart fire resistance to the attic space as described above, the attic parting wall hinders the flow of water vapor flowing through the ventilation layer to the attic space. , there is a risk that the water vapor cannot be sufficiently discharged to the outside. When the water vapor is not sufficiently discharged to the outside, condensation accumulates in the ventilation layer and the space in the attic, which causes corrosion and mold growth of structural members such as walls, roofs, and ceilings.

Therefore, it is conceivable to apply eaves ventilation, in which ventilation holes are provided in the eaves and the water vapor that has circulated through the ventilation layer is discharged outside through the ventilation holes in the eaves through the space behind the eaves. However, in recent buildings, the eaves are shortened from the viewpoint of appearance design, etc., and it is difficult to keep out the rain when providing ventilation holes in the eaves, and there is a risk of rain leakage from the ventilation holes. , From the viewpoint of appearance design, some buildings do not have ventilation holes in the eaves, so it is not possible to expect eaves ventilation in all buildings.

Based on the above, it is possible to improve the fireproof performance of the attic space by providing the attic space with a parting wall, and at the same time, the water vapor circulating through the ventilation layer of the outer wall can be smoothly permeated from the attic parting wall to the attic space. A building that can

Here, Patent Document 1 proposes a building that is equipped with a parting wall that surrounds the attic space and that secures the function of discharging water vapor from the outer wall ventilation layer to the attic space. Specifically, a living room surrounded by a ceiling and inner wall materials, an attic space formed above the ceiling and leading to the outdoors, an outer wall base material erected outside the inner wall materials, and an outer wall base surface The building is equipped with an outer wall material supported by wood, and an outer wall ventilation layer is formed between the outer wall material and the outer wall base material for discharging water vapor generated in the living room.

In this building, a parting wall section is provided in which the outer wall base material is extended to a position that blocks the side of the attic space, and water vapor can pass through the parting wall section from the outer wall ventilation layer and be discharged to the attic space. are doing. In this way, a volcanic vitreous double layer plate is applied to the parting wall portion in order to allow water vapor to permeate from the parting wall portion to the attic space and be discharged. : It is said that Dylight (registered trademark) will be used.

JP 2020-153122 A

According to the building described in Patent Literature 1, by applying Dylite, which is a volcanic vitreous multi-layer plate, to the boundary wall, it is possible to permeate and discharge water vapor from the boundary wall to the attic space. However, since the moisture permeability resistance of Dylite is about 1.1×10 ⁻³ m ² sPa/ng, it is difficult to say that the moisture permeability resistance is sufficiently low, and a sufficient amount of water vapor permeability is secured. In order to do so, the installation area of the dilight must be large, and depending on the building, it may not be possible to secure the necessary installation area.

In addition to having a certain degree of moisture permeability, Dylite has a certain amount of heat storage performance (insulation performance), but it is difficult to say that it has high heat storage performance (unlike moisture permeability resistance, heat storage performance is high). It is excellent as it becomes), and Patent Document 1 does not mention at least heat storage performance.

In recent years, buildings with low environmental impact and energy saving are required, so it is desirable to have attic ventilation buildings equipped with attic parting walls that have not only the above moisture permeability but also excellent heat storage performance. be

The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide an attic ventilation building having attic parting walls that are excellent in both moisture permeability and heat storage performance (insulation performance).

An attic-ventilated building according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes:
An outer wall provided with a ventilation layer between an exterior material and an outer wall base material, and an attic space between the ceiling and the roof where the ventilation layer communicates, and air flows into the attic space through the ventilation layer. An attic ventilation building that discharges the water vapor to the outside,
an attic parting wall provided at least between the outer wall base material and the roof, separating the ventilation layer from the attic space and allowing water vapor flowing through the ventilation layer to permeate the attic space;
The attic parting wall is formed of a gypsum plate or gypsum board having low moisture permeation resistance and high volumetric specific heat.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide an attic ventilation building having an attic parting wall that is excellent in both moisture permeability and heat storage performance (insulation performance).

1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of an attic ventilation building according to the first embodiment, showing an outer wall, a roof, a ceiling, and a part of the attic space; FIG. FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of an attic ventilation building according to a second embodiment, showing an outer wall, a roof, a ceiling, and a part of the attic space.

An example of an attic ventilation building according to each embodiment will be described below with reference to the attached drawings. In addition, in the present specification and drawings, substantially the same components may be denoted by the same reference numerals, thereby omitting duplicate descriptions.

[Attic ventilation building according to the first embodiment]
First, an example of an attic ventilation building according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Here, FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of an attic ventilation building according to the first embodiment, showing an outer wall, a roof, a ceiling, and a part of the attic space.

The attic ventilation building 100 is, for example, a detached house of wooden or steel frame construction, and includes at least an outer wall 10, a ceiling 30, and a roof 40. Here, the attic ventilation building may be a detached house constructed by a framework construction method or the like, and may be a housing complex such as an apartment building, a factory, a warehouse, or the like, in addition to the detached house.

The outer wall 10 has an exterior material 11 and an exterior wall base material 12, and has a ventilation layer 13 between the exterior material 11 and the exterior wall base material 12. - 特許庁

For the exterior material 11, ceramic siding, metal siding, resin siding, sheet metal, tiles, ALC (Autoclaved Light-weight Concrete) boards, plastered mortar walls, wood board finished walls, etc. can be applied. Plywood (including structural plywood), felt board, gypsum board, gypsum board, and the like can be applied to the exterior wall base material 12 . Here, the outer wall base material 12 may have a laminated structure in which a plurality of boards or the like are laminated, in addition to the illustrated single layer structure (single layer covering). In the outer wall base material of laminated structure, the fire resistance is improved and the strength of the wall is increased as compared with the single-layer structure with the same thickness by stacking a plurality of boats or the like.

The indoor side of the outer wall base material 12 is filled with a heat insulating material 15 such as glass wool or rock wool, and the indoor side of the heat insulating material 15 is provided with an interior material 14 . A gypsum board, a gypsum board, plywood, or the like is applied as the interior material 14, and a cloth or the like is attached to the indoor side surface thereof.

The ceiling 30 includes a ceiling material 31 and a heat insulating material 32. Here, the ceiling 30 may be provided with a hanging tree, a ceiling joist, a joist receiver, etc. for hanging the ceiling material 31 from the roof or the like. Plywood, fiberboard, rock wool board, gypsum board, gypsum board, or the like is applied to the ceiling material 31, and a cloth or the like is attached to the indoor surface.

The illustrated roof 40 is a gable roof with a predetermined roof slope on the left and right sides of the ridgepole 45, and includes roofing materials 41, underlaying materials 42, sheathing boards 43, rafters 44, and the like. A tower ventilation 46 is provided at the top of the roof 40 above the ridgepole 45 . Here, the form of the roof may be other forms such as a shed roof, a flat roof, a hipped roof, and a gabled roof.

Above the outer wall 10, an eaves 21 extending horizontally to the outside is arranged, and the ends of the eaves 21 are fixed to the rafters 44 via the decorative fascia 22.

An attic space 70 is formed between the roof 40 and the ceiling 30 , and an eave space 80 is formed between the eaves 21 and the roof 40 . Furthermore, a living room 60 is formed by the outer wall 10 (or the interior material 14) and the ceiling 30. As shown in FIG.

The lower end of the attic parting wall 50 is in contact with the upper end of the outer wall base material 12 forming the outer wall 10, and the upper part of the outer wall base material 12 and the lower part of the attic parting wall 50 are in contact with the common eaves girder 47, for example. are fixed by screws, nails, or the like (not shown). Here, the outer wall base material 12 and the attic parting wall 50 may be adhered to each other, or may be connected to each other with a hook or the like. It should be noted that the attic parting wall 50 may also have a laminated structure in addition to the single-layer structure shown in the figure, similarly to the outer wall base material 12. For example, when the outer wall base material 12 has a laminated structure, the attic parting wall 50 It is preferable to apply a form of laminated structure corresponding to that.

A notch 44a is provided below the rafters 44, and the upper part of the attic parting wall 50 is fitted into the notch 44a, so that the ventilation layer 13 and the eaves forming the outer wall 10 are connected via the attic parting wall 50. A back space 80 and an attic space 70 are separated.

More specifically, for example, an endlessly continuous attic parting wall 50 is provided along the plan view of the building 100 to separate the attic space 70 from the surrounding eaves space 80 and the like. The attic parting wall 50 forms a fire-resistant structure in the attic space 70, thereby suppressing the spread of fire caused by a fire in a neighbor's house or the like.

The building 100 is a building with short eaves from the viewpoint of appearance design, etc., and no ventilation holes are provided in the eaves. Even if it is attempted to provide a ventilation hole in the eaves 21, it is difficult to keep out the rain when the ventilation hole is provided because the overhang of the eaves is short. That is, the building 100 is an attic ventilation building, and is a building that does not expect eaves ventilation. In addition, in the target attic ventilation building, in addition to the building without ventilation holes in the eaves like the example shown in the figure, there are ventilation holes in the eaves and it is possible to expect ventilation in the eaves. This includes buildings where ventilation is performed in the attic.

Therefore, in the attic ventilation building 100, for example, the water vapor generated in the living room 60 is permeated to the ventilation layer 13 in the X1 direction through the interior material 14 and the outer wall base material 12, and the ventilation layer 13 moves upward in the X2 direction. The circulated water vapor is led to the attic space 70 in the X3 direction, and discharged to the outside in the X4 direction through the tower ventilation 46 of the roof 40, the unillustrated louver, or the like. Water vapor in the eaves space 80 is also permeated to the attic space 70 through the attic parting wall 50 in the X5 direction indicated by the dashed line and discharged to the outside through the tower ventilation 46 .

However, since the attic parting wall 50 that imparts fire resistance to the attic space 70 is provided, the smooth introduction of steam into the attic space 70 may be hindered. Therefore, in the attic ventilation building 100, the attic parting wall 50 formed of a material with low moisture permeability resistance is applied.

Here, in this specification, the term “low moisture permeability resistance” means that the moisture permeability resistance is about 1.1×10 ⁻³ m ² sPa/ng, which is lower than that of Dylite. The range is defined as 0.5×10 ⁻³ to 1.0×10 ⁻³ m ² ·s·Pa/ng.

Examples of the attic parting wall 50 having moisture permeability resistance in such a range include gypsum board or gypsum board, and for example, Tiger EX Board (registered trademark) and Tiger EX Hyper (registered trademark) are applicable. can.

Gypsum boards such as Tiger EX Board and Tiger EX Hyper are surface materials with low moisture permeation resistance and high volumetric specific heat. Here, in this specification, the term “high volumetric specific heat” means a volumetric specific heat higher than the volumetric specific heat of dyelite: 679 kJ/m ³ ·K, and the range is 700 to 1500 kJ/m ³・Specify the range of K.

By applying a face material with a high volumetric specific heat as the attic boundary wall 50, the heat storage performance of the attic space 70 is improved, the energy saving performance is enhanced, and the building 100 with less environmental impact is formed.

That is, according to the attic ventilation building 100, in the attic space 70, by applying the attic parting wall 50 formed of gypsum board or the like with low moisture permeability resistance and high volumetric specific heat, fire resistance It is possible to form an attic space 70 excellent in In addition to this, the water vapor circulating through the ventilation layer 13 of the outer wall 10 can be smoothly permeated from the attic parting wall 50 to the attic space 70 and discharged to the outside. It is excellent in energy saving and can reduce the environmental impact load.

In addition, since the attic ventilation building 100 has excellent moisture permeability performance, the required area of the attic parting wall 50 required to secure a sufficient amount of ventilation in the attic space 70 is significantly reduced compared to the Dylight. Since it can be reduced, the degree of freedom in building design can be increased, for example, the height of the attic space 70 can be made as low as desired. Furthermore, the attic ventilation building 100 is a building having the attic boundary wall 50 which is excellent in heat storage performance (insulation performance) in addition to moisture permeability.

Tables 1 and 2 below summarize the moisture permeation resistance and volumetric specific heat of nine examples applied as gypsum boards and Dylite, which is a comparative example. Tables 1 and 2 show the ratio (magnification) of the performance of each example to each performance of the dye light.

From Table 1, the moisture permeability resistance of each example is about 0.5 to 0.9 times lower than that of Dylite, which is a material with significantly better moisture permeability than Dylite. It turns out that

In addition, from Table 2, the volumetric specific heat of each example is about 1.1 to 2.1 times higher than that of Dylite, and it is a material with significantly superior heat insulation performance compared to Dylite. I know there is.

Furthermore, when comparing the respective water absorption expansion coefficients in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples, Example 1 was 0.048% and Example 2 was 0.060%, whereas Comparative Example was 0.048%. .120%, and it is known that the water absorption expansion coefficients of Examples 1 and 2 are less than half that of the Comparative Example.

Therefore, by applying the gypsum boards of Examples 1 and 2 to the attic parting wall 50, the board absorbs water due to water leakage after construction compared to the case where the board of the comparative example is applied to the attic parting wall. warping is less likely to occur As a result, when the gypsum boards of Examples 1 and 2 are applied, the board absorbs water and the attic boundary wall 50 expands, causing the board to warp toward the ventilation layer 13 and the attic space 70 side. As a result, narrowing of the ventilation layer 13 and the attic space 70 can be suppressed or prevented, and the initial dimensions of the ventilation layer 13 can be easily secured.

[Attic ventilation building according to the second embodiment]
Next, an example of an attic ventilation building according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Here, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of an attic ventilation building according to the second embodiment, showing an outer wall, a roof, a ceiling, and a part of the attic space.

In the attic ventilation building 100A, the outer wall base material 12A forming the outer wall 10A extends to the roof 40, and the area between the ceiling 30 and the roof 40 in the outer wall base material 12A is the attic parting wall 50A. 1 differs from the attic ventilation building 100 shown in FIG.

A gypsum board such as Tiger EX board or Tiger EX Hyper shown in the examples in Table 1 is applied to the outer wall base material 12A. Here, similarly to the outer wall base material 12, the outer wall base material 12A may also have a laminated structure in which a plurality of boards or the like are laminated in addition to the single layer structure shown in the figure. When the outer wall base material 12A has a laminated structure, the attic parting wall 50A also has a laminated structure.

　These gypsum boards have the rigidity of bearing walls and are also excellent in fire resistance. Therefore, according to the attic ventilation building 100A, by providing the outer wall base material 12A continuous from the general outer wall 10A of the building 100A to the attic space 70, it is as excellent as the attic ventilation building 100 In addition to having moisture permeability and energy conservation, the building as a whole will have excellent fire resistance and earthquake resistance. Furthermore, the attic ventilation building 100A is a building having an attic boundary wall 50A that is excellent in heat storage performance (insulation performance) in addition to moisture permeability.

In addition, since the outer wall base material 12A extends continuously to the attic space 70, the workability is also better than that of the building 100.

It should be noted that other embodiments may be possible in which other components are combined with the configurations listed in the above embodiments, and the present disclosure is not limited to the configurations shown here. . This point can be changed without departing from the gist of the present disclosure, and can be determined appropriately according to the application form.

This international application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-010336 filed on January 26, 2022, and the entire contents of this application are incorporated into this international application.

10, 10A: Exterior wall 11:

Exterior material

12, 12A: Exterior wall base material 13: Ventilation layer 14: Interior material 15: Insulation material 21: Eaves 22: Fascia 30: Ceiling 31: Ceiling material 32: Insulation material 40: Roof 41: Roof material 42: Underlaying material 43: Nojiki board 44: Rafters 44a: Notch 45: Ridge 46: Tower ventilation 47:

Eaves girders

50, 50A: Attic boundary wall 60: Living room 70: Attic space 80:

Eaves Sky space

100, 100A: attic ventilation building (building)

Claims

An outer wall provided with a ventilation layer between an exterior material and an outer wall base material, and an attic space between a ceiling and a roof where the ventilation layer communicates, and air flows into the attic space through the ventilation layer. An attic ventilation building that discharges the water vapor to the outside,
an attic parting wall provided at least between the outer wall base material and the roof, separating the ventilation layer from the attic space and allowing moisture vapor flowing through the ventilation layer to permeate the attic space;
The attic ventilation building, wherein the attic parting wall is formed of a gypsum plate or a gypsum board with low moisture permeation resistance and high volumetric specific heat.
The attic ventilation building according to claim 1, wherein at least the attic parting wall has a moisture permeability resistance in the range of 0.5 × 10 -3 to 1.0 × 10 -3 m 2 sPa/ng. .
3. The attic ventilated building according to claim 2, wherein the volumetric specific heat of at least the attic parting wall is in the range of 700 to 1500 kJ/m <3> K.
The attic ventilation building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lower end of the attic parting wall is connected to or in contact with the upper end of the outer wall base material.
4. The attic according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the exterior wall substrate extends to the roof, and a region of the exterior wall substrate between the ceiling and the roof is the attic parting wall. ventilation building.
The attic ventilation building according to claim 5, wherein the outer wall base material further has rigidity and fire resistance as a load-bearing wall.
Under the roof and on the outdoor side above the outer wall, there is a space behind the eaves communicating with the ventilation layer,
The attic ventilation building according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein water vapor in the eaves space is permeated into the attic space through the attic parting wall.