WO2023142259A1 - 本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置及使用方法 - Google Patents

本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置及使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023142259A1
WO2023142259A1 PCT/CN2022/083881 CN2022083881W WO2023142259A1 WO 2023142259 A1 WO2023142259 A1 WO 2023142259A1 CN 2022083881 W CN2022083881 W CN 2022083881W WO 2023142259 A1 WO2023142259 A1 WO 2023142259A1
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Prior art keywords
explosion
proof
layer
energy
absorbing
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PCT/CN2022/083881
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄广炎
卞晓兵
王涛
周颖
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北京理工大学
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Publication of WO2023142259A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023142259A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
    • F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
    • F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
    • F42D5/045—Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protection device, in particular to an explosive disposal and protection device, which belongs to the field of police, military and public security defense equipment.
  • the explosion has the characteristics of super transient, fast propagation, and wide damage.
  • the emergency disposal and protection of explosives has always been a key issue in the field of public safety and military security.
  • the traditional explosion-proof design method and the corresponding equipment are mainly head-to-head, mainly adopting high-strength structures to restrain the explosives and prevent the shock wave from being transmitted; or to block the shock wave and reflect it back.
  • Typical equipment such as explosion-proof balls and explosion-proof tanks are generally made of metal materials. Under the conditions of excessive explosion and severe environmental changes that lead to solder joint failure, the explosion shock wave causes the structure itself to disintegrate, and a large number of metal fragments fly out, forming a larger explosion. From the perspective of safety design of explosion-proof devices, devices using hard materials are not intrinsically safe (intrinsic safety refers to making production equipment or production systems themselves safe, even in the event of misuse or failure) will not cause accidents).
  • the present invention provides an intrinsically safe explosive disposal and protection device, which does not cause secondary damage under excessive explosion or extreme conditions, and can realize efficient absorption of explosion shock wave energy, and can perform non-contact safety for explosives. disposal.
  • Intrinsically safe explosives disposal and protection devices including: explosion-proof top cover made of flexible composite materials, explosion-proof filling material layer, explosion-proof bucket and energy-absorbing board;
  • the explosion-proof barrel is a barrel structure with openings at both ends; the explosion-proof top cover is arranged at the top opening of the explosion-proof barrel; the energy-absorbing plate is arranged at a predetermined height inside the explosion-proof barrel;
  • an explosion-proof material is filled between the energy-absorbing plate and the explosion-proof top cover to form an explosion-proof filling material layer.
  • the present invention also includes a support plate; the support plate is arranged below the energy-absorbing plate inside the explosion-proof barrel, and the area below the support plate in the explosion-proof barrel is a placement area for explosives; The height of the support plate is adjustable inside the explosion-proof bucket.
  • the energy-absorbing board includes: an energy-absorbing board main body, a top-packed bulletproof material, and a high-impedance and high-damping filling material;
  • the center of the surface of the main body of the energy-absorbing plate has an annular groove, trapezoidal holes are evenly spaced around the periphery of the groove, and the gradient holes are filled with open-cell foam porous material;
  • the grooves on the surface of the main body of the energy-absorbing plate are filled with high-impedance and high-damping materials
  • the top encapsulating bulletproof material is an encapsulating material arranged on the top of the groove on the surface of the main body of the energy-absorbing plate, and is used to enclose the high-impedance and high-damping material inside it.
  • the explosion-proof roof includes: a top support layer, a top explosion-proof liquid layer and a top bullet-proof layer;
  • the upper surface of the top supporting layer has an annular groove, and the middle part of the annular groove has an annular protrusion, and the height of the annular protrusion is smaller than the depth of the annular groove;
  • the top explosion-proof liquid layer is an annular structure with a central through hole, located in the annular groove on the upper surface of the top support layer, and fitted on the annular protrusion in the annular groove;
  • the top bulletproof layer is an annular flat plate structure, which is arranged above the top explosion-proof liquid layer in the annular groove on the upper surface of the top supporting layer;
  • Trapezoidal through holes are distributed on the lower surface of the top support layer corresponding to the top explosion-proof liquid layer, and the depth of the trapezoidal through holes is consistent with the thickness of the top support layer at the corresponding position.
  • the explosion-proof barrel is a barrel structure with variable wall thickness, and the wall thickness increases from top to bottom; and the inner surface of the explosion-proof barrel is a tapered surface with a wide top and a narrow bottom, and the outer surface is Conical surface narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.
  • the explosion-proof bucket includes, from inside to outside, an inner support layer, an explosion-proof liquid layer, an inner bullet-proof layer, a lateral filling energy-absorbing layer, an anti-jumping bullet-proof layer, and a main body support;
  • the inner support layer is an inverted trapezoidal structure with a shaft shoulder extending outward from its lower end;
  • the inner bulletproof layer is a straight cylindrical structure coaxially sleeved outside the inner support layer, and the inner surface of its lower end is aligned with the shaft at the lower end of the inner support layer.
  • the top of described inner bullet-proof layer is provided with explosion-proof liquid layer A, the height of described inner bullet-proof layer and explosion-proof liquid layer A and Consistent with the height of the inner support layer;
  • a lateral filling energy-absorbing layer is arranged outside the inner bullet-proof layer, and the bottom of the lateral filling energy-absorbing layer is encapsulated by a bottom barrier layer;
  • An anti-jumping bulletproof layer is arranged on the outside of the laterally filled energy-absorbing layer from the bottom upward at a set height position, and the anti-jumping bulletproof layer is a cylindrical structure;
  • the main body support is arranged at the outermost part, and is used for packaging and supporting the barrel structure as a whole.
  • the inner surface of the explosion-proof barrel is distributed with more than two annular step surfaces at intervals along the axial direction as a supporting guide layer, which is used to place the support plate and realize the height position of the support plate inside the explosion-proof barrel. Adjustment.
  • the laterally filled energy-absorbing layer uses non-metallic foam spheres for energy-absorbing.
  • the energy-absorbing layer for lateral filling adopts a combination of a double-layer spherical structure and a single-layer spherical structure: a double-layer spherical structure is adopted from bottom to top to a set height position, and the double-layer spherical structure The structure adopts a single-layer sphere structure.
  • through holes are distributed on the support plate.
  • the explosives are placed on the support plate, filled with explosion-proof materials, and then transferred.
  • the present invention provides the most popular intrinsically safe explosives disposal and protective device usage method; the disposal process of explosives using the device is as follows:
  • Step 1 First judge the height of the explosive and its camouflage to determine the height of the support plate inside the guard.
  • Step 2 placing a support plate at the height determined by the above steps in the explosion-proof barrel;
  • Step 3 filling the explosion-proof material above the support plate to the set height of the energy-absorbing plate;
  • Step 4 Place the energy-absorbing board
  • Step 5 Fill the explosion-proof material above the energy-absorbing plate to the top cover;
  • Step 6 Close the top cover
  • Step 7 Raise the guard to cover the explosive.
  • the explosive disposal and protection device of the present invention is all made of flexible composite materials, and no secondary damage will be generated even under excessive explosion conditions. Due to the flexible material and structure used in the present invention, intrinsic safety is realized. Specifically: through the non-contact protection design, there is no need to touch explosives, so it is intrinsically safe in terms of disposal; through the design of flexible materials, even Misjudgment of the equivalent of explosives does not cause secondary damage in the event of excessive explosion, so it is also intrinsically safe.
  • a support plate is set inside the device, placed on the support guide layer, so that the position of the explosion-proof material filling layer placed on the support plate can be adjusted according to the size of the explosive to be disposed; in addition, if the explosive is determined to be movable In some cases, explosives can be placed on the support plate and filled with corresponding explosion-proof materials for transfer and transfer.
  • the protection space of explosion-proof equipment can be utilized to the greatest extent, and energy-absorbing materials can be added as much as possible to achieve efficient absorption of shock wave energy.
  • An energy-absorbing plate is installed inside the device, and the energy-absorbing plate is filled with porous explosion-proof materials, which can achieve efficient energy absorption and quickly dissipate the shock wave energy within a limited range.
  • the energy-absorbing board and the barrel wall form a The structure can increase the distance of the shock wave and absorb the shock wave better.
  • the device adopts When the shock wave reaches the structure, it can compress the structure to the bottom, reduce the leakage of the shock wave from the bottom, thereby reducing the jumping of the device, avoiding the protection loopholes at the bottom, and guiding the shock wave to the top to achieve non-contact disposal of explosives .
  • the top of the device, the structural wall of the equipment and the energy-absorbing board inside the device form a Type structure increases the travel distance of the shock wave inside the structure, thereby increasing the dissipation of the shock wave and avoiding the premature overflow of the shock wave from the top side of the equipment.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of utilizing the device of the present invention to carry out non-contact disposal of unexploded ammunition
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the intrinsically safe explosive disposal protective device of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of the explosion-proof roof
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy-absorbing plate
  • Fig. 5 shows the protective effect of explosion-proof materials on explosives at different distances
  • Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are under the effect of different structures, the schematic diagram of the jumping speed of the anti-jump bulletproof layer;
  • Fig. 8 is the movement situation of the shock wave in the explosion-proof structure
  • Figure 9 is a flowchart of the use of the device.
  • 1-explosion-proof top cover 2-support plate; 3-explosion-proof material filling layer; 4-explosion-proof barrel; 5-energy-absorbing board; 6-explosives;
  • This embodiment provides an intrinsically safe explosive disposal and protection device, which can efficiently absorb the energy of an explosion shock wave, thereby performing non-contact safe disposal of explosives.
  • the intrinsically safe explosives disposal and protection device includes: an explosion-proof top cover 1 , a support plate 2 , an explosion-proof material filling layer 3 , an explosion-proof barrel 4 and an energy-absorbing plate 5 .
  • Explosion-proof barrel 4 is a barrel structure with openings at both ends and variable wall thickness. The wall thickness increases from top to bottom, forming type structure (that is, the inner surface of the explosion-proof barrel 4 is a tapered surface with a wide top and a narrow bottom, and the outer surface is a tapered surface with a narrow top and a wide bottom); the explosion-proof top cover 1 is arranged at the top opening of the explosion-proof barrel 4.
  • the explosion-proof material filling layer 3 is arranged on the support plate 2 inside the explosion-proof barrel 4, and the height of the support plate 2 is adjustable inside the explosion-proof barrel 4; the area below the support plate 2 in the explosion-proof barrel 4 is the placement area for explosives 6.
  • the energy-absorbing plate 5 is arranged in the middle of the explosion-proof material filling layer 3, usually at the middle height position between the support plate 2 and the top cover 1, and the energy-absorbing plate 5 is connected to the inner surface of the explosion-proof barrel 4 by lapping or bonding.
  • the explosion-proof top cover 1 includes: a top support layer 1.1, a top explosion-proof liquid layer 1.2 and a top bullet-proof layer 1.3.
  • the upper surface of the top supporting layer 1.1 has an annular groove, and the middle part of the annular groove has an annular protrusion whose height is smaller than the depth of the annular groove;
  • the top explosion-proof liquid layer 1.2 is an annular structure with a central through hole, located at The upper surface of the top supporting layer 1.1 is in the annular groove and fits on the annular protrusion in the annular groove, and the upper surface of the top explosion-proof liquid layer 1.2 is flush with the upper surface of the annular protrusion.
  • the top bulletproof layer 1.3 is an annular plate structure, which is arranged above the top explosion-proof liquid layer 1.2 in the annular groove on the upper surface of the top supporting layer 1.1, and the upper surface of the top bulletproof layer 1.3 is flush with the upper surface of the top supporting layer 1.1.
  • the cross section of the through holes is trapezoidal (that is, the diameter of the lower end of the hole is greater than the diameter of the upper end), and the depth of the hole is the same as the thickness of the top support layer 1.1 at the corresponding position. unanimous.
  • the top explosion-proof liquid layer 1.2 is made into a ring structure with a central hole, on the one hand to avoid sagging toward the center due to its own weight; on the other hand, to form The structure can change the front of the shock wave, converging in the middle first, avoiding overflow from the edge of the top cover, thereby reducing the lateral propagation of the shock wave to the surroundings.
  • the bottom of the top support layer 1.1 is provided with trapezoidal holes.
  • the explosion-proof barrel 4 is a multi-layer structure, which is sequentially from the inside to the outside: an inner support layer 4.2, an explosion-proof liquid layer 4.3, an inner bullet-proof layer 4.4, a side filling energy-absorbing layer 4.5, an anti-jumping bullet-proof layer 4.6 and Subject support 4.7.
  • the inner support layer 4.2 has an inverted trapezoidal structure, that is, the opening diameter at the lower end is small, and the opening diameter at the upper end is large; the lower end of the inner support layer 4.2 has a shaft shoulder extending outward; in addition, the inner surface of the inner support layer 4.2 is distributed with a plurality of annular step surfaces at intervals along the axial direction as The support guide layer is used to place the support plate 2 to realize the adjustment of the height position of the support plate 2 inside the explosion-proof barrel 4 .
  • the inner bullet-proof layer 4.4 is a straight cylindrical structure coaxially fitted outside the inner support layer 4.2, the inner surface of the lower end is in contact with the shaft shoulder at the lower end of the inner support layer 4.2, and the explosion-proof liquid is filled between the inner support layer 4.2 and the inner bullet-proof layer 4.4.
  • An explosion-proof liquid layer B4.3 is formed.
  • the height of the inner bulletproof layer 4.4 is less than the height of the inner support layer 4.2
  • the explosion-proof liquid layer A4.1 is set on the top of the inner bulletproof layer 4.4, the height of the inner bulletproof layer 4.4 and the explosion-proof liquid layer A4.1 and the height of the inner support layer 4.2 unanimous.
  • the top of the inner bulletproof layer 4.4 is provided with an explosion-proof liquid layer, which is easier to throw under the action of the shock wave, and finally falls under the action of gravity, which can effectively extinguish the flame for the entire structure.
  • the inner support structure 4.2 has the function of guiding the shock wave, which is small at the bottom and large at the top type structure, the further bottom turning (that is, the shoulder extending outward from the lower end of the bottom) can have a certain radian, so that when the explosion occurs, the shock wave will compress the structure when it reaches, and the material of the inner support layer 4.2 is rubber or spray coating
  • the elastomeric structure of foamed polyurea which will undergo large deformation under the action of explosive load and contact the ground to form a closed structure, preventing the subsequent detonation products from lifting the structure, especially for the anti-jumping bulletproof layer
  • the lifting effect of 4.6 reduces the leakage of fragments from the bottom and enhances the ability of non-contact disposal of explosion-proof equipment.
  • the explosion-proof liquid layer B4.3 filled between it and the inner bulletproof layer 4.4 has a larger bottom thickness and a smaller top thickness. The reason is: when the ground explodes, the ground reflects the shock wave, and the shock wave pressure at the bottom will be relatively large. If the bottom of the structure is thicker, the jumping of the structure can be reduced, and the energy of the shock wave at each height can be absorbed in a balanced manner.
  • the combination of the explosion-proof liquid layer B4.3 and the inner support layer 4.2 can change the direction of the shock wave, which can be exported upwards, avoiding premature leakage from the bottom, and better absorbing the energy of the shock wave.
  • the inner bulletproof layer 4.4 is the main bulletproof structure layer, which has a relatively high height to prevent fragments from flying away. It is protected by composite fibers, so that fragments are embedded in the multi-layer fiber structure.
  • One of PE, aramid, and PBO fibers is mainly used. species or a mixture of species. Further, the inner bulletproof layer 4.4 can be wound continuously.
  • the inner bulletproof layer 4.4 is externally provided with a lateral filling energy-absorbing layer 4.5, and the lateral filling energy-absorbing layer 4.5 can use non-metallic foam spheres based on polyurethane, polyimide and other foams for energy absorption.
  • the lateral filling energy-absorbing layer 4.5 adopts a combination of double-layer spherical structure and single-layer spherical structure, that is, a double-layer spherical structure is adopted from bottom to top to the set height position, and a single-layer structure is used on the upper part of the double-layer spherical structure.
  • Sphere structure a combination of double-layer spherical structure and single-layer spherical structure.
  • the laterally filled energy-absorbing layer 4.5 mainly absorbs the energy of the shock wave overflowing from the bottom, thereby reducing the lifting effect of the outer bulletproof layer, and the laterally filled energy-absorbing layer 4.5 can provide a large deformation buffer space for the inner bulletproof layer 4.4, It can give full play to the protective properties of fiber materials.
  • the bottom of the lateral filling energy-absorbing layer 4.5 is encapsulated by the bottom barrier 4.8, and the bottom barrier 4.8 can be made of energy-absorbing foamed plastic materials, such as EPP, EPS or polyurethane foam and other lightweight energy-absorbing foam materials.
  • the side-filling energy-absorbing layer 4.5 is provided with an anti-jumping bulletproof layer 4.6 at a set height from the bottom upwards.
  • the anti-jumping bulletproof layer 4.6 is a cylindrical structure, mainly to prevent the internal structure from breaking or the main body of the inner bulletproof layer jumping. Prevent some fragments from flying out from the bottom or part of the fragments from flying under the secondary loading of detonation products; it mainly adopts one or more combinations of bulletproof fibers such as PE fiber, aramid fiber, and PBO fiber, preferably PE fiber.
  • the main body support 4.7 is arranged on the outermost part for the overall packaging and support of the barrel structure 4; the main body support 4.7 can provide corresponding handles for lifting the structure, using a specific mold, made of foamed plastic material, and further , can preferably use open-cell rigid flame-retardant polyurethane foam.
  • the support plate 2 is set on the support guide layer inside the explosion-proof barrel body 4.
  • the setting mechanism of the support plate 2 is: because the fragments of the explosive explode, there will be a certain scattering angle, and the traditional explosion-proof equipment generally has a safety distance. The higher height prevents fragments from flying out from the top and causing damage to surrounding personnel.
  • traditional explosion-proof equipment the space from the top of the explosive to the top of the explosion-proof equipment is generally filled with air, and there is no energy-absorbing structure.
  • a support plate 2 is placed near the height of the explosive 6 inside the explosion-proof barrel body 4, and an energy-absorbing material (that is, an explosion-proof material filling layer 3) is placed on the support plate 2, which can absorb the energy of the shock wave more efficiently, thereby The waste of protective space is avoided.
  • an energy-absorbing material that is, an explosion-proof material filling layer 3
  • the design principle of the support plate 2 is: it is mainly made of composite materials, such as one of carbon fiber board, PC board, nylon board, and foam board, which can have a certain rigidity to support the explosion-proof material on the top; the surface is sprayed with elastomers such as polyurea , polyurethane and other materials to form a relatively flexible protective layer; further, foam spraying polyurea can be used to form a support structure, even if the structure is broken by the explosion shock wave, no lethal fragments will be formed.
  • the support plate 2 contains a porous structure, and the size of the holes can be set as many as possible under the condition of satisfying the strength.
  • the shock wave can pass through the porous structure and mix with the energy-absorbing medium (that is, the explosion-proof material filling layer 3) inside the barrel body 4. achieve efficient absorption.
  • the explosion-proof material filling layer 3 adopts a low-density foam porous structure. In order to absorb shock wave energy, according to the explosion situation, the porous material is placed closer to the explosive 6, which can effectively change the energy absorbed by the shock wave.
  • the explosion-proof material filling layer 3 is filled with multiple separate structures; if a double-layer filling structure is used, low-density foam balls are used for filling at the bottom, and high-density foam balls can be used for filling at the top. If the explosives are higher, it may be considered to only place the top explosion-proof pellets (that is, to place the support plate 2 on the topmost support guide layer).
  • an energy-absorbing board 5 as shown in Figure 4 is set inside the device; the energy-absorbing board 5 includes: an energy-absorbing board main body 5.1, a top package bulletproof material 5.2 and a high-impedance and high-damping filling material 5.3.
  • an annular groove in the center of the surface of the main body 5.1 of the energy-absorbing plate. Trapezoidal holes are evenly spaced around the periphery of the groove (that is, the diameter of the lower end of the hole is greater than the diameter of the upper end).
  • Very low porous material preferably open cell foam porous material).
  • the main body of the energy-absorbing board 5.1 adopts an airgel board or a polyurethane porous foam board, sprayed with a reinforced film to increase the strength; when the explosive explodes, the airflow first flows upward from the gradient hole, and the honeycomb sponge activated carbon in the gradient hole can filter some harmful substances.
  • the density of the sponge activated carbon is ⁇ 50kg/m 3
  • the density of the board is 100-300kg/m 3 .
  • the surface groove of the main body 5.1 of the energy-absorbing plate is filled with a high-impedance and high-damping material 5.3.
  • the high-impedance and high-damping material 5.3 can be a mixture of one or more of explosion-proof liquid, dry water, and shear thickening liquid, with a density of 600kg/ m 3 ⁇ 1200kg/m 3 .
  • the center of the main body 5.1 of the energy-absorbing plate is a liquid or powder material with high impedance damping such as explosion-proof liquid or dry water
  • the two sides are gradient hole structures; the density of dry water or explosion-proof liquid is relatively high, and the instantaneous action of the shock wave will first bypass the high
  • the high-impedance damping material impacts upwards from the gradient holes on both sides, and then converges to the middle when it encounters the explosion-proof liquid at the edge of the top cover, which increases the propagation distance of the shock wave inside the structure. After fully mixing with the energy-absorbing material inside the structure And concentrated transmission from the top, reducing the damage to the surrounding.
  • the top encapsulation bulletproof material 5.2 is the encapsulation material arranged on the top of the groove on the surface of the main body 5.1 of the energy-absorbing plate, and is used to enclose the high-impedance and high-damping material 5.3 inside it.
  • the top packaging bulletproof material 5.2 can be one or a combination of PE, aramid fiber, and PBO fiber, which can intercept the fragments of explosive explosion and minimize the risk of fragments flying out from the top.
  • the support plate 2 When the device is not in use, the support plate 2 is pasted and stored on the lower surface of the explosion-proof top cover 1 (as shown in Figure 2 ) with Velcro; when in use, the support plate 2 is placed at the corresponding height inside the explosion-proof barrel 4 according to the size of the explosive 6 position on the supporting guide layer, and then the prepared explosion-proof filling material is placed on the support plate 2 for filling to form an explosion-proof material filling layer 3 (as shown in Figure 1). In addition, if it is determined that the explosives can be moved, the explosives can be placed on the support plate 2 and filled with corresponding explosion-proof materials, and then transferred and transferred.
  • the explosion-proof material position is used to calculate the shock wave protection efficiency through ANSYS-Autodyn explicit dynamics software.
  • the height of the bottom of the explosion-proof material from the bottom surface is 100mm, 200mm and 300mm (corresponding to the height of 40mm, 140mm and 240mm from the upper surface of the explosive).
  • By testing the shock wave at a height of 500mm from the bottom surface Pressure to determine the protective effect of explosion-proof materials at different distances on explosives. As shown in Figure 5, through the pressure calculation, it can be clearly seen that the closer to the surface of the explosive, the higher the reduction rate of the shock wave pressure value of the porous foam material under the same conditions.
  • the explosion-proof structure is calculated by ANSYS-Autodyn explicit dynamics software, and the jump-off speed of the anti-jump bulletproof layer is compared under the action of different structures.
  • established type structure, straight cylinder structure, ⁇ -type structure and the calculation model of the final design explosion-proof structure it can be seen that The type structure can significantly reduce the jumping speed of the anti-jumping bulletproof layer, and through the final structural design, the lowest speed can be achieved (less than or equal to 0.5m/s, the actual blast shock wave action time is generally less than 10ms, and the jumping height is less than 5mm, which greatly reduces the leakage of fragments caused by the jumping of the structure, and realizes the non-contact disposal of explosives).
  • the full model structure is established by ANSYS-Autodyn explicit dynamics software, which shows the movement of the shock wave in the explosion-proof structure.
  • the shock wave first propagates outwards in a semi-circular arc shape. When it encounters the adjustable energy-absorbing plate, the shock wave moves to both sides, and then meets the explosion-proof liquid layer on the top, then converges toward the middle, thus starting from the center of the top. Concentrate on leaking out.
  • the designed structure is processed into a sample, and the actual explosion test is carried out. At the moment of the explosion, the flame was quickly extinguished. Through high-speed photography, it was observed that the shock wave at the bottom leaked less, the overall structure did not have obvious jumping, the pine authentication target had no fragment perforation, and the shock wave pressure at the safe distance was ⁇ 20kPa, which was lower than the standard for human injury.
  • the height of the energy-absorbing plate 5 is at 1/2 of the height of the support plate 2 and the top cover 1;
  • the whole device is lifted by two people or a robot to cover the explosives 6 for emergency non-contact disposal protection, avoiding accidental explosion damage to the surroundings, and waiting for further expert decision-making on explosives after protection.

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Abstract

一种本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置及其使用流程，过量爆炸或极端条件下本身不产生二次伤害，且能够实现对爆炸冲击波能量的高效吸收，可针对爆炸物(6)进行非接触安全处置。包括：防爆顶盖(1)、支撑板(2)、防爆填充材料层(3)和防爆桶(4)；防爆桶(4)为两端开口的桶体结构；防爆顶盖(1)设置在防爆桶(4)的顶部开口处；支撑板(2)支撑在防爆桶(4)内部，且支撑板(2)在防爆桶(4)内部高度可调，防爆桶(4)内支撑板(2)下方的区域为爆炸物(6)的放置区；防爆桶(4)内支撑板(2)与防爆顶盖(1)之间填充防爆材料形成防爆填充材料层(3)。

Description

本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置及使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种防护装置，具体涉及一种爆炸物处置与防护装置，属于警用、军用、公共安全防务装备领域。
背景技术
爆炸具有超瞬态、传播快、破坏广等特点，爆炸物应急处置与防护一直是公共安全和军事安全领域的一项关键课题。
传统的防爆设计方法及对应的装备主要是以硬碰硬的方式，主要采用高强度的结构，将爆炸物约束住，不让冲击波传递出来；或者隔档冲击波，将其反射回去，不对隔档背后的人员和物造成伤害。典型的装备如防爆球和防爆罐，其一般由金属材料制成，在过量爆炸、环境变化剧烈导致焊点失效等条件下，爆炸冲击波导致结构本身解体，大量的金属碎片飞出，形成更大范围的破坏，从防爆装置安全设计角度上来说，采用硬质材料的装置其不是一种本质安全(本质安全是指使生产设备或生产系统本身具有安全性，即使在误操作或发生故障的情况下也不会造成事故)的装置。
另外，由于传统防爆装备较为笨重，一般无法进行抬动进行非接触的遮罩处置；因此基于传统的爆炸物处置防护方法和防爆装备，多是采用接触式的方式进行处置，如通过排爆杆夹取爆炸物，使用机器人抓取爆炸物等方式将爆炸物放入防爆装备内部。而对于一般的自制爆炸物，其“未知”属性较多，如爆炸当量不确定、起爆方式不确定、投放方式不确定，杀伤范围不确定等特点，给警察、武警等公共安全部门造成极大的困扰。此外，对于制式弹药，通常采用力矩传感器、机械旋转或振动引信，使用机器人或者排爆杆去夹取爆炸物进行处置时，容易引发意外爆炸，从而对周围的人员和物件造成杀伤。从安全处置操作流程上来说，采用接触式的处置方式本质上不属于一种安全处置方法。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，过量爆炸或极端条件下本身不产生二次伤害，且能够实现对爆炸冲击波能量的高效吸收，可针对爆炸物进行非接触安全处置。
本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，包括：采用柔性复合材料制备的防爆顶盖、防爆填充材料层、防爆桶和吸能板；
所述防爆桶为两端开口的桶体结构；所述防爆顶盖设置在所述防爆桶的顶部开口处；所述吸能板设置在所述防爆桶内部设定高度位置处；
所述防爆桶内所述吸能板与所述防爆顶盖之间填充防爆材料形成防爆填充材料层。
作为本发明的一种优选方式，还包括支撑板；所述支撑板设置在所述防爆桶内部所述吸能板下方，所述防爆桶内支撑板下方的区域为爆炸物的放置区；所述支撑板在所述防爆桶内部高度可调。
作为本发明的一种优选方式，所述吸能板包括：吸能板主体、顶部封装防弹材料和高阻抗高阻尼填充材料；
所述吸能板主体表面中心具有环形凹槽，凹槽外围沿周向均匀间隔分布有梯形孔，所述梯度孔内填充开孔式的泡沫多孔材料；
所述吸能板主体表面凹槽内部填充高阻抗高阻尼材料；
所述顶部封装防弹材料为设置在所述吸能板主体表面凹槽顶部的封装材料，用于封装其内部的高阻抗高阻尼材料。
作为本发明的一种优选方式，所述防爆顶盖包括：顶部支撑层、顶部防爆液体层和顶部防弹层；
所述顶部支撑层上表面具有环形凹槽，该环形凹槽中部具有环形凸起，该环形凸起的高度小于环形凹槽的深度；
所述顶部防爆液体层为具有中心通孔的环形结构，位于顶部支撑层上表面的环形凹槽内，且套装在该环形凹槽内的环形凸起上；
所述顶部防弹层为环形平板结构，设置在所述顶部支撑层上表面的环形凹槽内顶部防爆液体层上方；
所述顶部支撑层下表面与顶部防爆液体层对应的位置分布有梯形通孔，所述梯形通孔的孔深与对应位置处顶部支撑层的厚度一致。
作为本发明的一种优选方式，所述防爆桶为变壁厚的桶体结构，从上往下壁厚递增；且所述防爆桶内表面为上宽下窄的锥形面，外表面为上窄下宽的锥形面。
作为本发明的一种优选方式，所述防爆桶从内向外依次为：内支撑层、防爆液体层、内防弹层、侧向填充吸能层、防跳飞防弹层以及主体支撑；
所述内支撑层为倒置的梯形结构，其下端向外延伸有轴肩；所述内防弹层为同轴套装在内支撑层外部的直筒型结构，其下端内表面与内支撑层下端的轴肩接触链接，内支撑层与内防弹层之间填充防爆液体，形成防爆液体层B；在所述内防弹层的顶部设置防爆液体层A，所述内防弹层与防爆液体层A的高度和与内支撑层的高度一致；
所述内防弹层外部设置侧向填充吸能层，所述侧向填充吸能层的底部通过底部挡层进行封装；
所述侧向填充吸能层外侧从底部向上设定高度位置处设置防跳飞防弹层，防跳飞防弹层为筒形结构；
所述主体支撑设置在最外部，用于桶体结构总体的封装和支撑。
作为本发明的一种优选方式，所述防爆桶体内表面沿轴向间隔分布有两个以上环形台阶面作为支撑导向层，用于放置支撑板，实现支撑板在所述防爆桶内部高度位置的调整。
作为本发明的一种优选方式，所述侧向填充吸能层采用非金属泡沫球体进行吸能。
作为本发明的一种优选方式，所述侧向填充吸能层采用双层球体结构和单层球体结构组合的形式：从下往上至设定高度位置处采用双层球体结构，双层球体结构上分采用单层球体结构。
作为本发明的一种优选方式，所述支撑板上分布有通孔。
作为本发明的一种优选方式，对于能够移动的爆炸物，将所述爆炸物放置在支撑板上，并填充防爆材料后进行转移。
此外，本发明提供最红本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置使用方法；采用该装置进行爆炸物的处置流程为：
步骤1：首先判断爆炸物及其伪装物的高度，以确定支撑板在防护装置内的高度。
步骤2：在所述防爆桶内上述步骤所确定的高度位置处放置支撑板；
步骤3：在所述支撑板的上方填充防爆材料至设定的吸能板的高度处；
步骤4：放置吸能板；
步骤5：在吸能板上方填充防爆材料至顶盖处；
步骤6：盖上顶盖；
步骤7：抬动防护装置遮罩爆炸物。
有益效果：
(1)本发明的爆炸物处置与防护装置全部采用柔性复合材料制备，即使过量爆炸条件下也不产生二次伤害。本发明中由于采用的为柔性的材料和结构，实现本质安全，具体的：通过非接触的防护设计，不用触碰爆炸物，因此从处置方式上是本质安全的；通过柔性材料的设计，即使对爆炸物当量判断失误，出现过量爆炸的情况下也不产生二次伤害，所以也是本质安全的。
(2)装置内部设置支撑板，放置在支撑导向层上，由此能够依据待处置爆炸物的尺寸调节放置在支撑板上的防爆材料填充层的位置；此外，如果确定爆炸物是可以移动的情况下， 可以将爆炸物放置在支撑板上，并填充相应的防爆材料后进行转运和转移。通过支撑板和填充防爆材料，能够最大程度上利用了防爆装备的防护空间，尽可能多的增加吸能材料，实现对冲击波能量的高效吸收。
(3)装置内部设置吸能板，吸能板内部填充多孔防爆材料，能够达到对能量的高效吸收，在有限范围内将冲击波能量快速消散，多孔防爆材料越接近爆炸物本身，其对冲击波能量消耗的效率越高。同时吸能板与桶壁形成了
Figure PCTCN2022083881-appb-000001
型结构，能够增加冲击波行进过程距离，更好的吸收冲击波。
(4)装置采用
Figure PCTCN2022083881-appb-000002
型结构，冲击波到达结构瞬间能够对结构形成向底部压缩趋势，减少冲击波从底部泄露，从而减少装置的跳飞，避免底部出现防护漏洞，并且引导冲击波向顶部运动，达到对爆炸物的非接触处置。
(5)装置顶部、装备的结构壁面和装置内部的吸能板，形成一种
Figure PCTCN2022083881-appb-000003
型结构，增加冲击波在结构内部的行进过程距离，从而增加了对冲击波的耗散作用，并且避免了冲击波从装备顶部侧面过早的溢出。
附图说明
图1为利用本发明的装置对未爆弹药进行非接触处置示意图；
图2为本发明的本质安全爆炸物处置防护装置剖视图。
图3为防爆顶盖剖面图；
图4为吸能板结构示意图；
图5为不同距离下防爆材料对炸药防护效能；
图6和图7为不同的结构作用下，防跳飞防弹层的跳起速度示意图；
图8为冲击波在防爆结构内的运动情况；
图9为该装置的使用流程图。
其中：1-防爆顶盖；2-支撑板；3-防爆材料填充层；4-防爆桶；5-吸能板；6-爆炸物；
1.1-顶部防弹层；1.2-顶部防爆层；1.3-顶部支撑结构层；
4.1-防爆液体层A；4.2-支撑导向层；4.3-防爆液体层B；4.4-主防弹层；4.5-侧向能量吸收层；4.6-防跳飞防弹层；4.7-主体支撑层；4.8-底部挡层；5.1-吸能板主体；5.2-顶部封装防弹材料；5.3-高阻抗高阻尼填充材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
实施例1：
本实施例提供一种本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，能够实现对爆炸冲击波能量的高效吸收，从而针对爆炸物进行非接触安全处置。
如图1和图2所示，该本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置包括：防爆顶盖1、支撑板2、防爆材料填充层3、防爆桶4和吸能板5。防爆桶4为两端开口且变壁厚的桶体结构，从上往下壁厚递增，形成
Figure PCTCN2022083881-appb-000004
型结构(即防爆桶4内表面为上宽下窄的锥形面，外表面为上窄下宽的锥形面)；防爆顶盖1设置在防爆桶4的顶部开口处。防爆材料填充层3设置在防爆桶4内部的支撑板2上，支撑板2在防爆桶4内部高度位置可调；防爆桶4内支撑板2下方的区域为爆炸物6的放置区。吸能板5设置在防爆材料填充层3中间，通常位于支撑板2与顶盖1之间的中间高度位置处，吸能板5通过搭接或者粘接的方式与防爆桶4内表面相连。
如图3所示，防爆顶盖1包括：顶部支撑层1.1、顶部防爆液体层1.2和顶部防弹层1.3。其中顶部支撑层1.1上表面具有环形凹槽，该环形凹槽中部具有环形凸起，该环形凸起的高度小于环形凹槽的深度；顶部防爆液体层1.2为具有中心通孔的环形结构，位于顶部支撑层1.1上表面的环形凹槽内，且套装在该环形凹槽内的环形凸起上，顶部防爆液体层1.2上表面与环形凸起上表面平齐。顶部防弹层1.3为环形平板结构，设置在顶部支撑层1.1上表面的环形凹槽内顶部防爆液体层1.2上方，顶部防弹层1.3上表面与顶部支撑层1.1上表面平齐。顶部支撑层1.1下表面与顶部防爆液体层1.2对应的位置分布有通孔，通孔的横截面为梯形(即孔的下端直径大于上端直径)，孔深与对应位置处顶部支撑层1.1的厚度一致。
防爆顶盖1中将顶部防爆液体层1.2做成具有中心孔的环形结构，一方面是避免由于自重向中心下垂；另一方面，形成
Figure PCTCN2022083881-appb-000005
结构可以改变冲击波波阵面，先向中间汇聚，避免从顶盖边缘处溢出，从而减少冲击波向四周横向传播。顶部支撑层1.1的下方设有梯形孔，此种方案的进一步优势是提高冲击波的吸收效能。
如图2所示，防爆桶4为多层结构，从内向外依次为：内支撑层4.2、防爆液体层4.3、内防弹层4.4、侧向填充吸能层4.5、防跳飞防弹层4.6以及主体支撑4.7。
内支撑层4.2为倒置的梯形结构，即下端开口直径小，上端开口直径大；其下端向外延伸有轴肩；此外，内支撑层4.2内表面沿轴向间隔分布有多个环形台阶面作为支撑导向层，用于放置支撑板2，实现支撑板2在防爆桶4内部高度位置的调整。内防弹层4.4为同轴套装在内支撑层4.2外部的直筒型结构，其下端内表面与内支撑层4.2下端的轴肩接触链接，内支撑层4.2与内防弹层4.4之间填充防爆液体，形成防爆液体层B4.3。 内防弹层4.4的高度小于内支撑层4.2的高度，在内防弹层4.4的顶部设置防爆液体层A4.1，内防弹层4.4与防爆液体层A4.1的高度和与内支撑层4.2的高度一致。在内防弹层4.4顶部设置防爆液体层，更容易在冲击波作用下抛洒，最后在重力作用下下落，能够对整个结构起到较好的熄灭火焰的作用。
内支撑结构4.2具有冲击波导向的作用，其为底部小，顶部大的
Figure PCTCN2022083881-appb-000006
型结构，进一步的底部转折(即其底部下端向外延伸的轴肩)可以有一定的弧度，这样在爆炸的时候，冲击波在达到时，会压缩结构，内支撑层4.2的材料采用橡胶或者喷涂泡沫聚脲的弹性体结构，此种结构在爆炸载荷作用下会发生大变形且与地面接触，形成封闭的结构，阻止后续的爆轰产物对结构的抬升作用，尤其是对防跳飞防弹层4.6的抬升作用，减少破片从底部的泄露，增强了防爆装备非接触处置的能力。
由于内支撑层4.2为倒置的梯形结构，由此填充在其与内防弹层4.4之间的防爆液体层B4.3为底部厚度较大，顶部厚度的较小的形式，采用该种结构形式的原因为：由于在地面爆炸时，地面反射冲击波，底部冲击波压力会比较大，结构底部较厚的情况，可以减少结构的跳飞，并能均衡的吸收各个高度的冲击波的能量。防爆液体层B4.3和内支撑层4.2结合可以改变冲击波导向，可以向上导出，避免从底部过早的泄露，同时更好的吸收冲击波能量。
内防弹层4.4是主要的防弹结构层，具有较高的高度，防止破片飞散，通过复合纤维进行防护，使得破片嵌立在多层纤维结构中，主要采用PE、芳纶、PBO纤维中的一种或者多种的混合。进一步的，内防弹层4.4可以采用连续缠绕的方式。
内防弹层4.4外部设置侧向填充吸能层4.5，侧向填充吸能层4.5可以采用基于聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺等泡沫组成的非金属泡沫球体进行吸能。本例中侧向填充吸能层4.5采用双层球体结构和单层球体结构组合的形式，即从下往上至设定高度位置处采用双层球体结构，双层球体结构上分采用单层球体结构。侧向填充吸能层4.5主要是对底部溢出的冲击波进行能量的吸收，从而减少了对外防弹层的抬升作用，并且侧向填充吸能层4.5可以为内防弹层4.4提供大变形缓冲的空间，能够充分发挥纤维材料的防护性能。侧向填充吸能层4.5的底部通过底部挡层4.8进行封装，底部挡层4.8可以采用吸能发泡塑料材料，如EPP、EPS或者聚氨酯泡沫等轻质吸能泡沫材料。
侧向填充吸能层4.5外部从底部向上设定高度位置处设置防跳飞防弹层4.6，防跳飞防弹层4.6为筒形结构，主要是防止内部结构破碎或者内防弹层主体跳飞后，防止部分破片从底部飞出或者部分破片在爆轰产物的二次加载下飞散；其主要采用PE纤维、芳纶纤维、PBO纤维等防弹纤维中的一种或者多种组合，优选采用PE纤维。
主体支撑4.7设置在最外部，用于桶体结构4总体的封装和支撑；主体支撑4.7外可提供相应的把手用于抬动结构，采用特定的模具，通过发泡塑料材料制成，进一步的，可优选采用开孔的硬质阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料。
支撑板2设置在防爆桶体4内部的支撑导向层上，支撑板2的设置机理为：由于爆炸物爆炸时破片会有一定的飞散角，而传统的防爆装备考虑到安全距离，一般会有较高的高度，防止破片从顶部飞出对周围人员造成伤害。传统防爆装备从爆炸物顶端到防爆装备顶端的空白处一般都是空气，无吸能结构。本方案中在防爆桶体4内部接近爆炸物6的高度处，放置一个支撑板2，支撑板2上放置吸能材料(即防爆材料填充层3)，能够更高效的吸收冲击波的能量，从而避免了防护空间上的浪费。支撑板2的设计原则为：主要由复合材料制成，如碳纤维板、PC板、尼龙板、泡沫板中的一种，能够具有一定的刚度支撑顶部的防爆材料；表面喷涂弹性体如聚脲、聚氨酯等材料，形成一种较为柔性的防护层；进一步的可以采用泡沫喷涂聚脲，形成一种支撑结构，即使爆炸冲击波将结构破碎，也不形成杀伤性碎片。支撑板2含有多孔结构，孔的大小设置能够在满足强度条件下，尽可能多，冲击波可以透过多孔的结构，与桶体4内部的填充吸能介质(即防爆材料填充层3)混合，达到高效吸收的作用。
防爆材料填充层3采用低密度的泡沫多孔结构，为了吸收冲击波能量，针对爆炸情况，在越贴近爆炸物6处放置多孔材料，能够有效的改变吸收冲击波的能量。防爆材料填充层3采用多个分离式结构体进行填充；如采用双层的填充结构，在底部使用低密度的泡沫小球进行填充，在顶部可采用高密度的泡沫小球进行填充。如果爆炸物较高，可考虑只放置顶部防爆小球(即将支撑板2放置在最顶部的支撑导向层上)。
此外，在装置内部设置如图4所示的吸能板5；吸能板5包括：吸能板主体5.1、顶部封装防弹材料5.2和高阻抗高阻尼填充材料5.3。在吸能板主体5.1表面中心具有环形凹槽，凹槽外围沿周向均匀间隔分布有梯形孔(即孔的下端直径大于上端直径)，梯度孔内可填充蜂窝海绵体活性炭(可以适当填充密度很低的多孔材料，优选开孔式的泡沫多孔材料)。
吸能板主体5.1采用气凝胶板或者聚氨酯多孔泡沫板，喷涂增强膜，用于增加强度；爆炸物爆炸时，气流首先从梯度孔向上流出，梯度孔内的蜂窝海绵体活性炭能够过滤一些有害气体，优选的，海绵体活性炭的密度≤50kg/m 3，板的密度在100-300kg/m 3。
吸能板主体5.1表面凹槽内部填充高阻抗高阻尼材料5.3，高阻抗高阻尼材料5.3可以是防爆液体、干水、剪切增稠液体中的一种或多种的混合，密度在600kg/m 3～1200kg/m 3。由于吸能板主体5.1中心是防爆液体或者干水等阻抗阻尼较高的液体或者粉 末材料，两侧是梯度孔结构；干水或者防爆液体的密度较大，冲击波瞬时作用是会先绕开高阻抗高阻尼材料，从两侧的梯度孔向上冲击，然后在遇到顶盖边缘处的防爆液体，从而又向中间汇聚，使得冲击波在结构内部传播距离增加，与结构内部的吸能材料充分混合后并且从顶部集中传出，减少了对四周的伤害。
顶部封装防弹材料5.2为设置在吸能板主体5.1表面凹槽顶部的封装材料，用于封装其内部的高阻抗高阻尼材料5.3。顶部封装防弹材料5.2可以是PE、芳纶、PBO纤维中的一种或者多种的组合，能够将爆炸物爆炸的破片进行拦截，尽可能减少破片从顶部飞出的风险。
该装置不使用时，支撑板2用魔术贴粘贴收纳在防爆顶盖1下表面(如图2所示)；使用时，依据爆炸物6的尺寸将支撑板2放置在防爆桶4内部对应高度位置的支撑导向层上，然后将准备的防爆填充材料放置在支撑板2上进行填充形成防爆材料填充层3(如图1所示)。此外，如果确定爆炸物是可以移动的情况下，可以将爆炸物放置在支撑板2上，并填充相应的防爆材料，然后进行转运和转移。
通过ANSYS-Autodyn显式动力学软件进行防爆材料位置对于冲击波防护效率进行计算。建立炸药、空气域和防爆材料的计算模型，防爆材料的底部距离底面的高度是100mm、200mm和300mm(对应距离炸药上表面的高度是40mm、140mm和240mm)通过测试距离底面500mm高度处的冲击波压力，判定不同距离的防爆材料对炸药防护效能。如图5所示，通过压力计算，可以明显看出，越靠近爆炸物表面，相同条件下的多孔泡沫材料对冲击波压力数值的降低率越高。
表1
测试点位置 冲击波压力测试值 降低率
100mm 72637kPa 23.7％
200mm 83035kPa 11.8％
300mm 88926kPa 6.6％
空爆 95168kPa 0
如图6和图7所示，通过ANSYS-Autodyn显式动力学软件进行防爆结构的计算，比较不同的结构作用下，防跳飞防弹层的跳起速度。建立了
Figure PCTCN2022083881-appb-000007
型结构，直筒结构、Λ型结构和最终的设计的防爆结构计算模型，可以看出
Figure PCTCN2022083881-appb-000008
型结构能够显著的降低防跳飞防弹层跳起的速度，而通过最终的结构设计，可以达到速度最低(小于等于0.5m/s，实际爆炸冲击波作用时间一般小于10ms，而跳飞的高度小于5mm，从而大幅度降低了因为结构跳飞导致的破片泄露，实现了对爆炸物的非接触处置)。
为进一步说明冲击波在防爆结构内的运动状态，通过ANSYS-Autodyn显式动力学软件建立了全模型结构，表明了冲击波在防爆结构内的运动情况。如图9所示，冲击波先呈现半圆弧状向外传播，当遇到调节吸能板后，冲击波向两侧运动，然后遇到顶部的防爆液体层后，又向中间汇聚，从而从顶部中心处向外集中泄出。
通过设计的结构进行加工成样品，进行实爆测试。爆炸瞬间，火焰被快速熄灭，通过高速摄影观察到底部的冲击波泄露较少，整体结构无明显的跳飞，松木鉴证靶无破片穿孔，并且安全距离处冲击波压力≤20kPa，小于人体受伤的标准。
实施例2：
在上述实施例1的基础上，进一步给出采用该装置进行爆炸物处置的流程。
如图9所示，采用该装置进行爆炸物的处置流程如下：
(1)首先判断爆炸物6及其伪装物的高度，以确定支撑板2在防护装置内的高度。
(2)在防爆桶4内上述步骤所确定的高度位置处的支撑导向层上放置支撑板2；
(3)在支撑板2的上方填充防爆材料至吸能板5的高度处；
(4)放置吸能板5，一般来说吸能板5的高度在支撑板2与顶盖1高度的1/2处；
(5)在吸能板5上方填充防爆材料至顶盖1处。
(6)盖上顶盖1，确认整体结构完整。
(7)由双人抬动或者机器人抬动整体装置遮罩爆炸物6，进行应急的非接触处置防护，避免了意外爆炸对四周的伤害，进行防护后以等待进一步的排爆专家决策。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，其特征在于：包括：采用柔性复合材料制备的防爆顶盖(1)、防爆填充材料层(3)、防爆桶(4)和吸能板(5)；
    所述防爆桶(4)为两端开口的桶体结构；所述防爆顶盖(1)设置在所述防爆桶(4)的顶部开口处；所述吸能板(5)设置在所述防爆桶(4)内部设定高度位置处；
    所述防爆桶(4)内所述吸能板(5)与所述防爆顶盖(1)之间填充防爆材料形成防爆填充材料层(3)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，其特征在于：还包括支撑板(2)；所述支撑板(2)设置在所述防爆桶(4)内部所述吸能板(5)下方，所述防爆桶(4)内支撑板(2)下方的区域为爆炸物(6)的放置区；所述支撑板(2)在所述防爆桶(4)内部高度可调。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，其特征在于：所述吸能板(5)包括：吸能板主体(5.1)、顶部封装防弹材料(5.2)和高阻抗高阻尼填充材料(5.3)；
    所述吸能板主体(5.1)表面中心具有环形凹槽，凹槽外围沿周向均匀间隔分布有梯形孔，所述梯度孔内填充开孔式的泡沫多孔材料；
    所述吸能板主体(5.1)表面凹槽内部填充高阻抗高阻尼材料(5.3)；
    所述顶部封装防弹材料(5.2)为设置在所述吸能板主体(5.1)表面凹槽顶部的封装材料，用于封装其内部的高阻抗高阻尼材料(5.3)。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，其特征在于：所述防爆顶盖(1)包括：顶部支撑层(1.1)、顶部防爆液体层(1.2)和顶部防弹层(1.3)；
    所述顶部支撑层(1.1)上表面具有环形凹槽，该环形凹槽中部具有环形凸起，该环形凸起的高度小于环形凹槽的深度；
    所述顶部防爆液体层(1.2)为具有中心通孔的环形结构，位于顶部支撑层(1.1)上表面的环形凹槽内，且套装在该环形凹槽内的环形凸起上；
    所述顶部防弹层(1.3)为环形平板结构，设置在所述顶部支撑层(1.1)上表面的环形凹槽内顶部防爆液体层(1.2)上方；
    所述顶部支撑层(1.1)下表面与顶部防爆液体层(1.2)对应的位置分布有梯形通孔，所述梯形通孔的孔深与对应位置处顶部支撑层(1.1)的厚度一致。
  5. 如权利要求1或2所述的本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，其特征在于：所述防爆桶(4)为变壁厚的桶体结构，从上往下壁厚递增；且所述防爆桶(4)内表面为上宽下窄的锥形面，外表面为上窄下宽的锥形面。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，其特征在于：所述防爆桶(4) 从内向外依次为：内支撑层(4.2)、防爆液体层(4.3)、内防弹层(4.4)、侧向填充吸能层(4.5)、防跳飞防弹层(4.6)以及主体支撑(4.7)；
    所述内支撑层(4.2)为倒置的梯形结构，其下端向外延伸有轴肩；所述内防弹层(4.4)为同轴套装在内支撑层(4.2)外部的直筒型结构，其下端内表面与内支撑层(4.2)下端的轴肩接触链接，内支撑层(4.2)与内防弹层(4.4)之间填充防爆液体，形成防爆液体层B(4.3)；在所述内防弹层(4.4)的顶部设置防爆液体层A(4.1)，所述内防弹层(4.4)与防爆液体层A(4.1)的高度和与内支撑层(4.2)的高度一致；
    所述内防弹层(4.4)外部设置侧向填充吸能层(4.5)，所述侧向填充吸能层(4.5)的底部通过底部挡层(4.8)进行封装；
    所述侧向填充吸能层(4.5)外侧从底部向上设定高度位置处设置防跳飞防弹层(4.6)，防跳飞防弹层(4.6)为筒形结构；
    所述主体支撑(4.7)设置在最外部，用于桶体结构(4)总体的封装和支撑。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，其特征在于：所述防爆桶体(4)内表面沿轴向间隔分布有两个以上环形台阶面作为支撑导向层，用于放置支撑板(2)，实现支撑板(2)在所述防爆桶(4)内部高度位置的调整。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，其特征在于：所述侧向填充吸能层(4.5)采用非金属泡沫球体进行吸能。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，其特征在于：所述侧向填充吸能层(4.5)采用双层球体结构和单层球体结构组合的形式：从下往上至设定高度位置处采用双层球体结构，双层球体结构上分采用单层球体结构。
  10. 如权利要求2所述的本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，其特征在于：所述支撑板(2)上分布有通孔。
  11. 如权利要求2所述的本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置，其特征在于：对于能够移动的爆炸物，将所述爆炸物放置在支撑板(2)上，并填充防爆材料后进行转移。
  12. 本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置使用方法，其特征在于：所述本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置为权利要求2所述的本质安全爆炸物处置与防护装置；
    采用该装置进行爆炸物的处置流程为：
    步骤1：首先判断爆炸物(6)及其伪装物的高度，以确定支撑板(2)在防护装置内的高度；
    步骤2：在所述防爆桶(4)内上述步骤所确定的高度位置处放置支撑板(2)；
    步骤3：在所述支撑板(2)的上方填充防爆材料至设定的吸能板(5)的高度处；
    步骤4：放置吸能板(5)；
    步骤5：在吸能板(5)上方填充防爆材料至顶盖(1)处；
    步骤6：盖上顶盖(1)；
    步骤7：抬动防护装置遮罩爆炸物(6)。
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