WO2023134654A1 - 用于电池的防爆箱 - Google Patents

用于电池的防爆箱 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023134654A1
WO2023134654A1 PCT/CN2023/071494 CN2023071494W WO2023134654A1 WO 2023134654 A1 WO2023134654 A1 WO 2023134654A1 CN 2023071494 W CN2023071494 W CN 2023071494W WO 2023134654 A1 WO2023134654 A1 WO 2023134654A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosion
proof box
battery
flame
shell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/071494
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贺雄
梁霏霏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020247008034A priority Critical patent/KR20240047997A/ko
Publication of WO2023134654A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023134654A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D25/02—Internal fittings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D25/20—External fittings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of batteries, and in particular to an explosion-proof box for batteries.
  • the present application provides an explosion-proof box for batteries, which can alleviate the safety problem caused by flame spread when the battery burns and explodes during transportation.
  • an explosion-proof box for a battery in a first aspect, includes an outer shell, an inner shell arranged inside the outer shell, and a fire filter.
  • a fire filter extends through both the outer shell and the inner shell.
  • the fire filter includes: exhaust channel and pocket. The exhaust channel is used to discharge the gas generated in the inner casing to the outside of the outer casing.
  • the recess is arranged on the inner surface of the exhaust passage for absorbing heat energy.
  • the energy of the flame is insulated by the inner casing, so that only a small amount of heat is transferred to the outer casing.
  • the smoke generated when the battery burns can be discharged through the exhaust channel, but the energy of the flame can be absorbed through the recess provided in the fire filter, thereby effectively avoiding the spread of the flame.
  • a heat insulating space is provided between the inner shell and the outer shell, and the heat insulating space is used to prevent contact heat conduction of energy from the inner shell to the outer shell.
  • a support is provided between the outer shell and the inner shell, and the support supports the inner shell so that a heat insulating space is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell.
  • the outer shell and the inner shell are separated by a support member.
  • the housing includes a thermally resistant material. Such a design makes when the battery burns, the heat generated by the combustion is blocked by the heat-resistant material of the casing, and will not be conducted to the external environment.
  • the inner shell includes a ceramic material.
  • the inner wall of the explosion-proof box is provided with ceramic heat insulation boards.
  • the flame of the battery burns the ceramic heat insulation board around the inner wall of the explosion-proof box, and the heat of the flame conducts the first layer of heat insulation through the ceramic heat insulation board, and then a small amount of heat is transferred to the explosion-proof box
  • the outer casing, the outer casing conducts a secondary barrier to the transferred heat to ensure that the surface temperature of the explosion-proof box is lower than 100°C.
  • the fire filter removably extends through both the outer shell and the inner shell.
  • the fire filter runs through the outer shell and the inner shell, the smoke generated when the battery placed in the inner shell burns can be discharged through the fire filter. Since the fire filter communicates with the internal space of the explosion-proof box and the external environment, the pressure in the inner casing is reduced to prevent the battery in the explosion-proof box from exploding.
  • the pockets are a plurality of metal annular members disposed on the inner surface of the exhaust passage.
  • the recess acts as a flame absorber.
  • the energy of the flame is absorbed by a plurality of metal ring members arranged on the inner surface of the exhaust passage to prevent the flame from burning to the external environment of the explosion-proof box .
  • a bracket is provided in the explosion-proof box, and the battery is detachably connected to the bracket.
  • the battery can be fixed on the bracket, thereby avoiding the contact and impact of the battery and the inner shell of the explosion-proof box.
  • the explosion-proof box is provided with an opening through which the battery can be entered and stored in the inner casing.
  • the battery can be put into or taken out of the explosion-proof box when the opening is opened, and can be protected when the opening is closed.
  • a detachable high-temperature sealing strip is provided at the opening. Such a design is advantageous in order to prevent the flame from leaking from the opening to the external environment of the explosion-proof box.
  • the explosion-proof box further includes a box door, and the high-temperature sealing strip is sealed at the gap of the box door.
  • the door seam of the explosion-proof box is sealed with a high-temperature resistant sealing strip, which can effectively prevent the flame from spraying out after being melted by high temperature.
  • the corners of the housing are iron corners. Improve the impact strength of the explosion-proof box.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an explosion-proof box for a battery in some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fire filter used in an explosion-proof box of a battery according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part A of the flame filter used in the explosion-proof box of the battery in Fig. 2 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • 1-sealing strip 2-fire filter; 21-exhaust channel; 23-cavity; 4-bracket; 5-heat shield; 6-outer shell; 7-box door; 8-inner shell;
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields . With the continuous expansion of power battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the common explosion-proof box is a double explosion-proof battery waterproof explosion-proof box.
  • the waterproof effect of the waterproof explosion-proof box can avoid short circuit of the battery.
  • the explosion-proof frame outside the box can effectively prevent the battery from being damaged by external force impact; Device, open the door lighting automatically lights up.
  • the explosion-proof working principle of this technology is to prevent external factors from detonating battery products.
  • the use conditions of the waterproof explosion-proof box must be that the energy of the battery product itself is controllable and safe;
  • the out-of-control energy on the top is explosion-proof, preventing the spread of out-of-control energy inside the battery and threatening the safety of personal and property around it.
  • the battery explosion-proof box is auxiliary to prevent explosion, and the explosion-proof box of the present application is used in consideration of the transportation and storage of the battery in question.
  • the explosion-proof box adopts a double-layer inner and outer wall heat insulation design, and at the same time, there is no through-through heat conductor inside and outside the explosion-proof box to avoid thermal bridge heat conduction.
  • the explosion-proof box adopts a double-layer inner and outer wall heat insulation design. At the same time, there is no through heat conductor inside and outside the box to avoid thermal bridge heat conduction, which can effectively prevent the temperature inside the box from spreading to the outside of the box, and effectively ensure that the outside temperature of the explosion-proof box does not exceed 100 degrees Celsius (°C ).
  • the structural design of the detachable smoke exhaust filter is adopted.
  • the structural design of the smoke exhaust filter can effectively prevent the extrusion of high-pressure gas after the battery burns.
  • the structural design of the smoke exhaust filter can block the flame to prevent it from spraying out of the explosion-proof box, and at the same time allow nano-scale carbon powder particles and smoke gas to pass through.
  • the detachable design of the smoke exhaust filter is convenient for quick replacement after it reaches the end of its service life.
  • a detachable high-temperature-resistant sealing strip is used for the opening gap of the explosion-proof box.
  • the opening gap of the explosion-proof box adopts a high-temperature resistant sealing strip to prevent the flame from leaking from the gap, and at the same time prevent the temperature from being transmitted to the outer surface of the explosion-proof box; the detachable design of the sealing strip is convenient for quick replacement after it is damaged.
  • the explosion-proof box disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is mainly used for storing and transporting battery cells.
  • the explosion-proof box disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is mainly used for storing and transporting battery cells, battery modules, and battery packs that have problems, that is, batteries that may burn and explode.
  • the battery referred to below may be a battery cell, a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery is used as an example below.
  • the explosion-proof box disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is used for a battery, and the battery can be used, but not limited to, in electric devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts. It is possible to use the battery unit, battery module or battery pack disclosed in the embodiment of the application to form the power supply system of the electrical device, which is conducive to alleviating and automatically adjusting the deterioration of the expansion force of the battery cell, supplementing the electrolyte consumption, and improving the battery capacity. Performance stability and battery life.
  • the explosion-proof box of the embodiment of the present application is used for batteries, and batteries can be used for electrical devices, which can be but not limited to mobile phones, tablets, notebook computers, electric toys, electric tools, battery cars, electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, etc. wait.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an explosion-proof box for a battery. Please refer to FIGS. 1 to 3 together.
  • the explosion-proof box includes: an outer shell 6 , an inner shell 8 disposed inside the outer shell 6 and a fire filter 2 .
  • the fire filter 2 runs through both the outer shell 6 and the inner shell 8 .
  • the fire filter 2 includes: an exhaust passage 21 and a recess 23 .
  • the exhaust passage 21 is used to discharge the gas generated in the inner casing 8 to the outside of the outer casing 6 .
  • the recess 23 is disposed on the inner surface of the exhaust channel 21 for absorbing heat energy.
  • the explosion-proof box adopts a double-layer inner and outer wall heat insulation design. At the same time, there is no through-through heat conductor inside and outside the explosion-proof box to avoid thermal bridge heat conduction, which can effectively prevent the temperature inside the explosion-proof box from spreading to the outside of the explosion-proof box, and effectively ensure the explosion-proof box.
  • the external temperature does not exceed 100°C.
  • the energy of the flame is insulated by the inner shell 8 so that only a small amount of heat is transferred to the outer shell 6 .
  • the smoke generated when the battery burns can be discharged through the exhaust passage 21, but the energy of the flame can be absorbed through the recess 23 provided in the fire filter 2, thereby effectively avoiding the spread of the flame.
  • a heat insulating space is provided between the inner shell 8 and the outer shell 6 , and the heat insulating space is used to prevent contact heat conduction of energy from the inner shell 8 to the outer shell 6 .
  • the flame of the battery will burn the ceramic heat insulation board 5 around the inner wall of the explosion-proof box, and the heat of the flame will be transferred to the explosion-proof
  • the outer shell 6 of the box and the outer shell 6 of the explosion-proof box are also made of high heat-resistant materials, which conduct secondary barriers to the transferred heat to ensure that the surface temperature of the explosion-proof box is lower than 100°C.
  • a support is provided between the outer shell 6 and the inner shell 8 , and the support supports the inner shell 8 so that a heat insulating space is formed between the inner shell 8 and the outer shell 6 .
  • Supports can be embedded bolts. Through the pre-embedded bolts, point contact is realized between the inner shell 8 and the outer shell 6 instead of surface contact, so that there is a space gap between the inner shell 8 and the outer shell 6 .
  • the outer shell 6 and the inner shell 8 are separated by a support.
  • a heat-insulating space is formed between the inner shell 8 and the outer shell 6, so as to physically separate the inner shell 8 from the outer shell 6, and avoid the inner shell 8 from being separated from the outer shell 6.
  • the bridging heat conduction to the shell 6 can ensure that the temperature of the shell 6 is below the specified safe temperature.
  • housing 6 includes a heat-resistant material.
  • the shell 6 of the explosion-proof box can be made of ultra-high performance concrete.
  • UHPC Ultra-High Performance Concrete
  • UHPC material can withstand high impact. Adding superplasticizer and ultra-fine powder to concrete can greatly improve the strength of concrete. Water reducing agent can greatly reduce the moisture content in concrete. The superfine powder is added to the concrete ingredients as an admixture, and the gap between the aggregates can be effectively reduced through sufficient mixing to minimize the quality of the mixed air and improve the compactness of the material.
  • the concrete treated by the above methods is called HPC (High Performance Concrete, high-strength concrete). Theoretically, the compressive capacity of HPC can reach a strength of 120 megapascals (MPA).
  • MPA megapascals
  • the 6 corners of the explosion-proof box shell are reinforced with iron corners to improve the impact resistance of the explosion-proof box.
  • the inner shell 8 comprises a ceramic material.
  • Ceramic materials refer to a class of inorganic non-metallic materials made of natural or synthetic compounds through shaping and high-temperature sintering. It has the advantages of high melting point, high hardness, high wear resistance and oxidation resistance. Ceramic materials generally have a high melting point (mostly above 2000°C), and have excellent chemical stability at high temperatures; the thermal conductivity of ceramics is lower than that of metal materials, and ceramics are also good heat insulating materials. At the same time, the coefficient of linear expansion of ceramics is lower than that of metals, and ceramics have good dimensional stability when the temperature changes. The radiation mechanism of ceramic materials is produced by the two-phonon and multi-phonon of the non-resonant effect of random vibration.
  • High-radiation ceramic materials such as silicon carbide, metal oxides, borides, etc. all have extremely strong infrared-activated polar vibrations. Due to the strong anharmonic effect of these polar vibrations, the absorption coefficient of the dual-frequency sum frequency region is generally It has the order of 100 ⁇ 100 cm (cm)-1, which is equivalent to the lower reflectivity of the remaining reflection band in this area of the medium-intensity absorption zone, so it is conducive to the formation of a relatively flat strong radiation band.
  • the radiation band with high thermal radiation efficiency roughly extends from the strong resonance wavelength to the short-wave entire two-phonon combination and frequency region, including part of the multi-phonon combination region, which is a common feature of most high-radiation ceramic material radiation bands , it can be said that the strong radiation band mainly originates from the combined radiation of two phonons in this band.
  • the radiation bands of general radiative ceramics are concentrated in the two-phonon and three-phonon regions greater than 5 meters (m).
  • the radiation in the 1-5m band mainly comes from the in-band transition of free carriers or the direct transition of electrons from the impurity level to the conduction band, and the radiation in the band greater than 5m is mainly attributed to the two-phonon combination radiation.
  • the fire filter 2 removably extends through both the outer shell 6 and the inner shell 8 .
  • the structural design of the detachable smoke exhaust filter 2 is adopted.
  • the structural design of the smoke exhaust filter 2 can effectively prevent the extrusion of high-pressure gas after the battery burns.
  • the structural design of the smoke exhaust filter 2 can block the flame and prevent it from blowing out of the explosion-proof box shell 6, while allowing nano-scale carbon powder particles and smoke gas to pass through.
  • the detachable design of the smoke exhaust filter 2 is convenient for quick replacement after it reaches the end of its service life.
  • the flame filter 2 may be a pipeline flame arrester.
  • the pipeline flame arrester is a safety device used to prevent the hydrogen flame from spreading outward. It consists of a solid material (firestop element) with many small channels or gaps through which gas can pass. It is required that the gap or channel of the fire arresting element be as small as possible, so when the flame enters the flame arrester, it is divided into many small flame flows by the fire arresting element, and the flame flow is quenched due to heat transfer (gas is cooled) and wall effect.
  • the fire filter 2 runs through the outer shell 6 and the inner shell 8 , the smoke generated when the battery placed in the inner shell 8 burns can be discharged through the fire filter 2 . Since the fire filter 2 communicates with the internal space of the explosion-proof box and the external environment, the pressure in the inner shell 8 is reduced to prevent battery explosion in the explosion-proof box.
  • pockets 23 are a plurality of metal annular members disposed on the inner surface of exhaust passage 21 .
  • the flame arrester is designed and manufactured by applying the principle that the flame is extinguished due to heat loss when it passes through the narrow pores of the heat conductor.
  • the flame arrester structure has gravel type, wire mesh type or corrugated type.
  • Most flame arresters are composed of solid materials that can pass through many small, uniform or uneven channels or pores that can pass through the gas. These channels or pores are required to be as small as possible, as long as they can pass through the flame. In this way, after the flame enters the flame arrester, it is divided into many small flame streams and extinguished. The mechanism by which the flame can be extinguished is heat transfer and wall effect.
  • the flame travels through the narrow metal channel and transfers some heat to the metal wall, losing heat in the process.
  • the metal channel spacing needs to match the explosive mixture. The maximum spacing of each substance can be known through experiments, so as to formulate the specifications and characteristics of the flame arrester, so as to ensure that the flame can be effectively extinguished.
  • the flame arresting element should maximize the contact area between the small flame and the channel wall, enhance heat transfer, and reduce the flame temperature below the ignition point, thereby preventing the flame from spreading.
  • Combustion is not a direct reaction between molecules, but stimulated by external energy, molecular bonds are destroyed, and activated molecules are generated, which split into short-lived but very active free radicals, which collide with other molecules to form new product. At the same time, new free radicals are generated to continue to react with other molecules.
  • the burning combustible gas passes through the narrow channel of the fire retardant element, the probability of free radicals colliding with the channel wall increases, and the free radicals participating in the reaction decrease.
  • the channel of the flame arrester is narrow to a certain extent, the collision between free radicals and the channel wall is dominant. Due to the sharp decrease in the number of free radicals, the reaction cannot continue, that is, the combustion reaction cannot continue to propagate through the flame arrester.
  • the probability of collision between free radicals and reactive molecules decreases, while the probability of free radicals colliding with the channel wall increases, which reduces the free radical reaction.
  • this wall effect creates conditions where the flame cannot continue to propagate, and the flame is stopped. The wall effect is therefore the main mechanism for preventing flames.
  • the flame passes through the small channels of the flame arresting element and cools down in the channels.
  • the heat removed through the channel is enough to reduce the temperature below the ignition point of the combustible material, so that the flame is extinguished.
  • the channel size that can just extinguish the flame is defined as the "Experimental Safety Gap” (MESG, Maximum Experimental Safe Gap).
  • the channel size of the flame arrester is the key factor determining the performance of the flame arrester, and different gases have different MESG values.
  • the flame of battery burning burns the fire filter 2.
  • the inner shell 8 of the explosion-proof box and the outer shell 6 of the explosion-proof box have adopted ceramic heat-shielding plates and high heat-resistance materials, so that the flame is controlled. near the fire filter 2 without being spread.
  • the pockets 23 may be narrow fine metal pores.
  • the recess 23 plays a role of absorbing the flame.
  • the energy of the flame was absorbed by a plurality of metal ring members arranged on the inner surface of the exhaust passage 21, so as to prevent the flame from burning to the inside of the explosion-proof box external environment.
  • a bracket 4 is provided in the explosion-proof box, and the battery is detachably connected to the bracket 4 .
  • the whole of the explosion-proof box and the bracket 4 adopt a separate design, so that the heavy-duty battery can be fixed in the explosion-proof box, and it is convenient to take the heavy-duty battery out of the explosion-proof box.
  • the battery By being provided in the explosion-proof box, the battery can be fixed on the bracket 4, thereby avoiding the contact and impact of the battery and the inner shell 8 of the explosion-proof box.
  • the explosion-proof box is provided with openings through which batteries can be entered and stored in the inner casing 8 .
  • the battery By providing an opening on the explosion-proof box, the battery can be put into or taken out of the explosion-proof box when the opening is opened, and can be protected when the opening is closed.
  • a detachable high-temperature sealing strip 1 is provided at the opening.
  • a detachable high-temperature-resistant sealing strip 1 is used in the opening gap of the explosion-proof box.
  • the opening gap of the explosion-proof box uses a high-temperature resistant sealing strip 1 to prevent the flame from leaking from the gap and prevent the temperature from being transmitted to the outer surface of the box; the detachable design of the sealing strip 1 facilitates quick replacement after it is damaged.
  • the fireproof and flame-retardant sealing strip 1 can isolate the air circulation under such circumstances, and the purpose is to prevent the flame from spreading. Therefore, the role of the fire and flame retardant sealing strip 1 is also quite large.
  • Fire and flame retardant sealing strip 1 The main raw material used in its production is expandable graphite, but these products also have certain advantages.
  • expandable graphite is made of natural flake graphite through chemical treatment. At this time, it is mainly processed with adhesives prepared from it.
  • the sealing strip 1 expands rapidly above 200°C, which makes it highly flexible, and also has good cold resistance, water resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, and salt resistance. The advantages are obvious, so that it can be effectively prevented during use The spread of the fire.
  • expandable graphite Due to the expandability and high temperature resistance of expandable graphite, expandable graphite becomes an excellent sealing material and is widely used in fireproof sealing strips 1.
  • the expandable graphite is also bonded on the carrier with a certain adhesive, and the shear force provided by the carbonized product formed by this adhesive at high temperature can effectively prevent the sliding of graphite.
  • Flame retardant expandable graphite for plastic materials is a good flame retardant for plastic materials. It is non-toxic and non-polluting.
  • expandable graphite When expandable graphite achieves the same flame retardant effect, the dosage is much smaller than that of ordinary flame retardants. Its working principle is: at high temperature, the expandable graphite expands rapidly, suffocating the flame, and at the same time, the graphite expanded material it generates covers the surface of the substrate, which isolates the contact of heat energy radiation and oxygen, and the acid radicals inside the interlayer expand. The release also promotes the carbonization of the substrate, thereby achieving good results through a variety of flame retardant methods.
  • the flame of battery burning burns the gap of the door 7 of the explosion-proof box.
  • the high-temperature-resistant sealing strip 1 adopted at the door seam of the door 7 of the explosion-proof box is sealed, and the high-temperature-resistant sealing strip 1 can effectively prevent the flame from spraying out after being melted by high temperature.
  • Such a design is advantageous in order to prevent the flame from leaking from the opening to the external environment of the explosion-proof box.
  • the use of the explosion-proof box is shown in Figure 1.
  • Open the door 7 of the explosion-proof box take out the battery bracket 4 with a forklift, fix the battery to be transported on the bracket 4, and then use the forklift to lift the battery bracket.
  • Frame 4 is lifted together with battery and placed in the explosion-proof box. Close the explosion-proof box door 7 and lock it.
  • the whole explosion-proof box and battery bracket 4 adopt a separate design to facilitate heavy battery fixing and loading or taking out from the explosion-proof box.
  • the shell 6 of the explosion-proof box is made of UHPC material, it can withstand high-strength impacts.
  • the corners of the shell 6 of the explosion-proof box are reinforced with iron corners to improve the impact resistance of the box.
  • the battery burning flame burns the ceramic heat insulation board 5 around the inner wall of the explosion-proof box. After the heat of the flame passes through the ceramic heat insulation board 5 for the first layer of heat insulation, a small amount of heat is transferred to the explosion-proof box shell 6.
  • the explosion-proof box shell 6 also adopts high resistance Thermal material, which conducts a secondary barrier to the transferred heat to ensure that the surface temperature of the box is lower than 100°C.
  • the flame of battery burning burns the smoke exhaust filter 2.
  • the heat is absorbed instantaneously due to heat transfer, so that the flame cannot pass through the fire filter 2.
  • the inner wall of the explosion-proof box The reason why the shell 6 of the explosion-proof box adopts a ceramic heat shield and a high heat-resistance material makes the flame temperature controlled near the smoke exhaust filter 2 and is not spread.
  • the flame of battery burning burns the gap of the explosion-proof box door 7, and the gap of the explosion-proof box door 7 is sealed with a high-temperature resistant sealing strip 1, which can effectively prevent the flame from being sprayed out after being melted by high temperature.

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Abstract

一种用于电池的防爆箱，包括：外壳（6）；内壳（8），内壳设置在外壳的内部；和滤火器（2），滤火器贯穿外壳和内壳两者，其中，滤火器包括：排气通道（21），用于将在内壳中产生的气体排出到外壳以外；凹穴（23），设置在排气通道的内表面，用于吸收热能。该防爆箱能够缓解电池在运输过程中出现燃烧爆炸时火焰蔓延产生的安全问题。

Description

用于电池的防爆箱
交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年01月14日在中华人民共和国国家知识产权局提交的、申请号为202220091230.3、申请名称为“用于电池的防爆箱”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施方式涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于电池的防爆箱。
 背景技术
在运输电池时，特别是在运输已经出现了问题的电池时，要考虑如何防止电池燃烧和爆炸以及如何防止损害进一步扩大的问题。目前防爆箱的使用条件需要蓄电池产品自身能量可控且安全，而不是在电池内部能量出现失控后，做到将失控能量进行防爆阻隔，以防止蓄电池内部失控能量的扩散，避免威胁其四周的人身财产安全。
 技术问题
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种用于电池的防爆箱，能够缓解电池在运输过程中出现燃烧爆炸时火焰蔓延产生的安全问题。
 技术解决方案
本申请实施例采用的技术方案是：
第一方面，提供了一种用于电池的防爆箱。防爆箱包括外壳、设置在外壳的内部的内壳和滤火器。滤火器贯穿外壳和内壳两者。滤火器包括：排气通道和凹穴。排气通道用于将在内壳中产生的气体排出到外壳以外。凹穴设置在排气通道的内表面，用于吸收热能。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，在防爆箱中电池燃烧时，火焰的能量被内壳隔热，使得仅仅少量热量传递到外壳。电池燃烧时产生的烟气可以通过排气通道排出，但是火焰的能量可以通过滤火器中设置的凹穴被吸收，从而有效地避免的火焰的蔓延。
在一些实施例中，内壳与外壳之间设置有隔热空间，隔热空间用于阻止能量从内壳到外壳的接触式热传导。通过将内壳与外壳物理地分开，避免了从内壳到外壳的桥接热传导，可以确保外壳的温度在规定的安全温度以下。
在一些实施例中，外壳与内壳之间设置有支撑件，支撑件支撑内壳，使得在内壳与外壳之间形成隔热空间。本申请实施例的防爆箱中，外壳与内壳之间通过支撑件来间隔开。通过少量的支撑件，内壳被支撑在外壳的同时，在内壳和外壳之间形成隔热空间，以将将内壳与外壳物理地分开，避免了从内壳到外壳的桥接热传导，可以确保外壳的温度在规定的安全温度以下。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括阻热材料。这样的设计使得当电池燃烧时，燃烧产生的热量被外壳的阻热材料所阻隔，而不会传导的外部环境中。
在一些实施例中，内壳包括陶瓷材料。通过这样的设计，使得当电池燃烧时，燃烧产生的热量被内壳的陶瓷材料所阻隔，而不会传导的外壳中，以实现散热的效果。
在一些实施例中，防爆箱的内壁四周设有陶瓷隔热板。当电池在防爆箱的内部发生热失控时，电池燃烧火焰灼烧防爆箱内壁四周的陶瓷隔热板，火焰的热量通过陶瓷隔热板进行第一层隔热，然后，少量热量传递到防爆箱的外壳，外壳对传递过来的热量进行二次阻隔，确保防爆箱表面温度低于100℃。
在一些实施例中，滤火器能够拆卸地贯穿外壳和内壳两者。在防爆箱中电池燃烧时，由于滤火器贯穿外壳和内壳，放置在内壳中的电池燃烧时产生的烟气可以通过滤火器排出。由于滤火器连通了防爆箱的内部空间可外部环境，因此减少了内壳中的压力，防止防爆箱内电池爆炸。
在一些实施例中，凹穴为布置在排气通道的内表面上的多个金属环形构件。这样的设计中，凹穴起到了吸收火焰的作用。在防爆箱中电池燃烧的情况下，在火焰通过排气通道时，火焰的能量被在布置在排气通道的内表面上的多个金属环形构件吸收，以防止火焰燃烧到防爆箱的外部环境。
在一些实施例中，防爆箱中设置有托架，电池与托架可拆卸连接。通过防爆箱中设置有，电池可以被固定在托架上，而避免了电池与防爆箱内壳的碰触和冲击。
在一些实施例中，防爆箱设置有开口，电池能够从开口进入并且储存在内壳中。通过在防爆箱上设置有开口，电池能够在开口打开是放入防爆箱，或者从防爆箱中取出，而且能够在开口关闭的时候，得到防护。
在一些实施例中，开口处设置有能够拆卸的高温密封条。如此的设计是为了防止火焰从开口处泄露到防爆箱的外部环境，这样的设计是有利的。
在一些实施例中，防爆箱还包括箱门，高温密封条密封于箱门的缝隙处。防爆箱的箱门的门缝处采用耐高温的密封条进行密封，耐高温密封条能有效避免受高温熔化后导致火焰外喷。
在一些实施例中，外壳的棱角为铁质棱角。提高防爆箱的耐冲击强度。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或示范性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例的用于电池的防爆箱的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例的用于电池的防爆箱的滤火器的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例的图2中用于电池的防爆箱的滤火器的部分A的局部放大示意图。
其中，图中各附图标记：
1-密封条；2-滤火器；21-排气通道；23-凹穴；4-托架；5-隔热板；6-外壳；7-箱门；8-内壳；9-支架。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上（包括两个），同理，“多组”指的是两组以上（包括两组），“多片”指的是两片以上（包括两片）。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
随着电池的适用场景越来越多，对电池的安全性的需求越来越大。电池的防爆箱技术得到了发展。
常见的防爆箱是一种双防爆式蓄电池防水防爆箱，该防水防爆箱防水效果能避免蓄电池短路，箱体外的防爆框可以有效避免蓄电池受外力冲击损坏；箱体内设有自动控制的照明装置，打开门体照明灯自动点亮。
该技术的防爆工作原理属于阻止外在因素引爆蓄电池产品，该防水防爆箱的使用条件必须是蓄电池产品自身能量可控且安全；该防水防爆箱不能在电池内部能量出现失控后，做到真正意义上的将失控能量进行防爆阻隔，防止蓄电池内部失控能量的扩散，威胁其四周的人身财产安全。
如何在电池（含磷酸铁锂/三元/铅酸/燃料等系列，以下统称电池）失控后，阻隔其能量的冲击扩散、热扩散、电池燃烧后产生的火焰扩散，并将其有效的控制在箱体内部，是本申请人所关注到的技术问题。
在一些情况下的电池防爆箱是辅助性的防止爆炸的，而本申请的防爆箱是考虑到对有问题的电池进行运输和储存时使用的。
根据本申请的技术方案，防爆箱采用双层内外壁隔热设计，同时防爆箱内外无贯通导热体，避免热桥导热。防爆箱体采用双层内外壁隔热设计，同时箱体内外无贯通导热体，避免热桥导热，可有效防止箱内温度扩散到箱体外表，有效保证防爆箱外表温度不超过100摄氏度（℃）。
根据本申请的技术方案，采用了可拆式排烟滤火器的结构设计。排烟滤火器的结构设计，可有效防止电池燃烧后的高压气体挤压。排烟滤火器的结构设计能对火焰进行阻隔防止喷出防爆箱外部，同时允许纳米级的碳粉颗粒和烟雾气体通过。排烟滤火器的可拆式的设计，便于其达至使用寿命后进行快捷更换。
根据本申请的技术方案，防爆箱开门缝隙采用可拆卸式的耐高温密封条。防爆箱开门缝隙采用耐高温密封条，防止火焰从缝隙漏出，同时防止温度传递到防爆箱外表面；密封条的可拆式设计，便于其损伤后进行快速更换。
本申请实施例公开的防爆箱主要用于存储和运输电池单体。特别地，本申请实施例公开的防爆箱主要用于存储和运输已经出现了问题的电池单体或电池模组、电池包，即可能会发生燃烧和爆炸情况的电池。可以理解地，下文所称的电池可以是电池单体、电池模组或电池包。但为方便考虑，以下皆用电池举例。
本申请实施例公开的防爆箱用于电池，电池可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请实施例公开的电池单体、电池模组或电池包等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，有利于缓解并自动调节电芯膨胀力恶化，补充电解液消耗，提升电池性能的稳定性和电池寿命。
本申请实施例的防爆箱用于电池，电池可以用于用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请实施例提供了用于电池的防爆箱。请一并参阅图1至图3，防爆箱包括：外壳6、设置在外壳6的内部的内壳8和滤火器2。滤火器2贯穿外壳6和内壳8两者。滤火器2包括：排气通道21和凹穴23。排气通道21用于将在内壳8中产生的气体排出到外壳6以外。凹穴23设置在排气通道21的内表面，用于吸收热能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，防爆箱采用双层内外壁隔热设计，同时防爆箱内外无贯通导热体，避免热桥导热，可有效防止防爆箱内温度扩散到防爆箱外表，有效保证防爆箱外表温度不超过100℃。本申请实施例的技术方案中，在防爆箱中电池燃烧时，火焰的能量被内壳8隔热，使得仅仅少量热量传递到外壳6。电池燃烧时产生的烟气可以通过排气通道21排出，但是火焰的能量可以通过滤火器2中设置的凹穴23被吸收，从而有效地避免的火焰的蔓延。
在一些实施例中，内壳8与外壳6之间设置有隔热空间，隔热空间用于阻止能量从内壳8到外壳6的接触式热传导。
当电池在防爆箱的内部发生热失控时，电池燃烧火焰灼烧防爆箱内壁四周的陶瓷隔热板5，火焰的热量通过陶瓷隔热板5进行第一层隔热后，少量热量传递到防爆箱的外壳6，防爆箱外壳6同样采用高阻热材料，对传递过来的热量进行二次阻隔，确保防爆箱表面温度低于100℃。
通过将内壳8与外壳6物理地分开，避免了从内壳8到外壳6的桥接热传导，可以确保外壳6的温度在规定的安全温度以下。
在一些实施例中，外壳6与内壳8之间设置有支撑件，支撑件支撑内壳8，使得在内壳8与外壳6之间形成隔热空间。
支撑件可以是预埋螺栓。通过预埋螺栓，内壳8与外壳6之间实现了点接触，而不是面接触，使得内壳8与外壳6之间存在空间间隔。
本申请实施例的防爆箱中，外壳6与内壳8之间通过支撑件来间隔开。通过少量的支撑件，内壳8被支撑在外壳6的同时，在内壳8和外壳6之间形成隔热空间，以将将内壳8与外壳6物理地分开，避免了从内壳8到外壳6的桥接热传导，可以确保外壳6的温度在规定的安全温度以下。
在一些实施例中，外壳6包括阻热材料。
防爆箱外壳6可以采用超高性能混凝土制造。
高性能混凝土制造简称UHPC（Ultra-High Performance Concrete）。UHPC材质，能耐受高强度冲击。在混凝土加入减水剂和超细粉末等方式使混凝土的强度极大提升。减水剂使得混凝土中的水分含量大幅度降低。超细粉末作为掺合料被加入到混凝土的配料中去，通过充分的搅拌以此来有效减少骨料之间的缝隙并最大限度得减少混合空气的质量，提高材料的密实度。通过以上手法处理过的混凝土被称作HPC（High Performance Concrete，高强混凝土），理论上HPC的抗压能力可以达到120兆帕（MPA）的强度。
防爆箱外壳6棱角采用铁质棱角加固防爆箱，提高防爆箱的耐冲击强度。
这样的设计使得当电池燃烧时，燃烧产生的热量被外壳6的阻热材料所阻隔，而不会传导的外部环境中。
在一些实施例中，内壳8包括陶瓷材料。
陶瓷材料是指用天然或合成化合物经过成形和高温烧结制成的一类无机非金属材料。它具有高熔点、高硬度、高耐磨性、耐氧化等优点。陶瓷材料一般具有高的熔点（大多在2000℃以上），且在高温下具有极好的化学稳定性；陶瓷的导热性低于金属材料，陶瓷还是良好的隔热材料。同时陶瓷的线膨胀系数比金属低，当温度发生变化时，陶瓷具有良好的尺寸稳定性。陶瓷材料的辐射机理是由随机性振动的非谐振效应的二声子和多声子产生。高辐射陶瓷材料如碳化硅、金属氧化物、硼化物等均存在极强的红外激活极性振动，这些极性振动由于具有极强的非谐效应，其双频和频区的吸收系数，一般具有100~100厘米（cm）-1数量级，相当于中等强度吸收区在这个区域剩余反射带的较低反射率，因此，有利于形成一个较平坦的强辐射带。
一般来说，具有高热辐射效率的辐射带，大致是从强共振波长延伸到短波整个二声子组合和频区，包括部分多声子组合区域，这是多数高辐射陶瓷材料辐射带的共同特点，可以说，强辐射带主要源于该波段的二声子组合辐射。除少数例外，一般辐射陶瓷的辐射带集中在大于5米（m）的二声子、三声子区。因此，对于红外辐射陶瓷而言，1~5m波段的辐射主要来自于自由载流子的带内跃迁或电子从杂质能级到导带的直接跃迁，大于5m波段的辐射主要归于二声子组合辐射。
通过这样的设计，使得当电池燃烧时，燃烧产生的热量被内壳8的陶瓷材料所阻隔，而不会传导的外壳6中，以实现散热的效果。
在一些实施例中，滤火器2能够拆卸地贯穿外壳6和内壳8两者。
根据本申请的一些实施例，采用了可拆式排烟滤火器2的结构设计。排烟滤火器2的结构设计，可有效防止电池燃烧后的高压气体挤压。排烟滤火器2的结构设计能对火焰进行阻隔防止喷出防爆箱外壳6，同时允许纳米级的碳粉颗粒和烟雾气体通过。排烟滤火器2的可拆式的设计，便于其达至使用寿命后进行快捷更换。
滤火器2可以是管道阻火器。管道阻火器是用来阻止氢气火焰向外蔓延的安全装置。它由一种能够通过气体的、具有许多细小通道或缝隙的固体材料（阻火元件）所组成。要求阻火元件的缝隙或通道尽量小，因而当火焰进入阻火器后，被阻火元件分成许多细小的火焰流，由于传热作用（气体被冷却）和器壁效应，火焰流猝灭。
在防爆箱中电池燃烧时，由于滤火器2贯穿外壳6和内壳8，放置在内壳8中的电池燃烧时产生的烟气可以通过滤火器2排出。由于滤火器2连通了防爆箱的内部空间可外部环境，因此减少了内壳8中的压力，防止防爆箱内电池爆炸。
在一些实施例中，凹穴23为布置在排气通道21的内表面上的多个金属环形构件。
阻火器是应用火焰通过热导体的狭小孔隙时，由于热量损失而熄灭的原理设计制造。阻火器的阻火层结构有砾石型、金属丝网型或波纹型。大多数阻火器是由能够通过气体的许多细小、均匀或不均匀的通道或孔隙的固体材质所组成，对这些通道或孔隙要求尽量的小，小到只要能够通过火焰就可以。这样，火焰进入阻火器后就分成许多细小的火焰流被熄灭。火焰能够被熄灭的机理是传热作用和器壁效应。
在管道内发生爆燃时，火焰会穿过狭窄的金属通道，并把一些热量传输到金属壁，这个过程会损失掉热量。火焰穿过的通道越发狭窄，飞行中损失的热量就越多。当然为了保证火焰能够有效的被熄灭，金属通道间距需要与爆炸混合物匹配。通过实验可以知道每种物质的最大间距，由此制定阻火器的规格和特性，以此保证火焰可以被有效的熄灭。
燃烧所需要的必要条件之一是要达到一定的温度，即着火点。低于着火点，燃烧就会停止。依照这一原理，只要将燃烧物质的温度降到其着火点以下，就可以阻止火焰的蔓延。当火焰通过阻火元件的许多细小通道之后将变成若干细小的火焰。阻火元件应尽可能扩大细小火焰和通道壁的接触面积，强化传热，使火焰温度降到着火点以下，从而阻止火焰蔓延。
阻火器器壁效应
燃烧并不是分子间直接反应，而是受外来能量的激发，分子键遭到破坏，产生活化分子，活化分子又分裂为寿命短但却很活泼的自由基，自由基与其它分子相撞，生成新的产物。同时也产生新的自由基再继续与其它分子发生反应。当燃烧的可燃气通过阻火元件的狭窄通道时，自由基与通道壁的碰撞几率增大，参加反应的自由基减少。当阻火器的通道窄到一定程度时，自由基与通道壁的碰撞占主导地位，由于自由基数量急剧减少，反应不能继续进行，也即燃烧反应不能通过阻火器继续传播。
随着阻火器通道尺寸的减小，自由基与反应分子之间碰撞几率随之减少，而自由基与通道壁的碰撞几率反而增加，这样就促使自由基反应减低。当通道尺寸减少到某一数值时，这种器壁效应造成了火焰不能继续传播的条件，火焰即被阻止。因此器壁效应是防止火焰的主要机理。
火焰通过阻火元件的细小通道并在通道内降温。当火焰被分割小到一定程度时，经通道移走的热量足以将温度降到可燃物燃点以下，使火焰熄灭。
通过器壁效应解释，当通道窄到一定程度时，自由基与管道壁的碰撞占主导地位，自由基大量减少，燃烧反应不能继续进行。因此，把在一定条件下（0.1MPa，20℃）刚好能够使火焰熄灭的通道尺寸定义为“实验安全间隙”（MESG，Maximum Experimental Safe Gap）。阻火元件的通道尺寸是决定阻火器性能的关键因素，不同气体具有不同的MESG值。
如图1-3所示，电池燃烧的火焰灼烧滤火器2，当火焰穿过滤火器2中的凹穴23时，因传热作用被瞬间吸收热量，导致火焰无法穿过滤火器2。同时，用于防爆箱内壳8与防爆箱的外壳6采用了陶瓷隔热板和高阻热材料，使得火焰被控制。在该滤火器2附近，而不被蔓延。凹穴23可以是狭窄的细小金属孔隙。
这样的设计中，凹穴23起到了吸收火焰的作用。在防爆箱中电池燃烧的情况下，在火焰通过排气通道21时，火焰的能量被在布置在排气通道21的内表面上的多个金属环形构件吸收，以防止火焰燃烧到防爆箱的外部环境。
在一些实施例中，防爆箱中设置有托架4，电池与托架4可拆卸连接。
如图1所示，防爆箱的整体与托架4采用分离式设计，以便于能够将重型电池固定在防爆箱中，并且方便将重型电池从防爆箱中取出。
通过防爆箱中设置有，电池可以被固定在托架4上，而避免了电池与防爆箱内壳8的碰触和冲击。
在一些实施例中，防爆箱设置有开口，电池能够从开口进入并且储存在内壳8中。
如图1所示，打开防爆箱的箱门7，用叉车取出托架4，将需要运输的电池固定在托架4上，再用叉车将托架4与电池一起放置在防爆箱中，关上防爆箱的箱门7并锁紧。
通过在防爆箱上设置有开口，电池能够在开口打开时放入防爆箱，或者从防爆箱中取出，而且能够在开口关闭的时候，得到防护。
在一些实施例中，开口处设置有能够拆卸的高温密封条1。
根据本申请的一些实施例，防爆箱开门缝隙采用可拆卸式的耐高温密封条1。防爆箱开门缝隙采用耐高温密封条1，防止火焰从缝隙漏出，同时防止温度传递到箱体外表面；密封条1的可拆式设计，便于其损伤后进行快速更换。
当防爆箱内着火时，温度达到一定值时，防火阻燃密封条1在这样的情况下就可以隔绝空气流通，目的是为了防止火焰蔓延的。所以说防火阻燃密封条1的作用也是相当大的。
防火阻燃密封条1它在生产的时候所使用的主要原料是可膨胀石墨，但是这些产品也是有一定的优点的。比如说可膨胀石墨是由天然鳞片石墨经过化学处理而制成的，那么在这个时候防火阻燃密封条1它主要用它配制粘合剂加工而成的。在一些实施例中，密封条1在200℃以上迅速膨胀，使得它的柔韧性强，还具有很好的耐寒性好耐水、耐酸、碱、盐，优势明显，使得在使用的时候可有效防止火灾的蔓延。
由于可膨胀石墨的可膨胀性及其耐高温性，使得可膨胀石墨成为优良的密封材料，在防火密封条1上广泛使用。将可膨胀石墨材料与橡胶材料、无机阻燃剂、促进剂、硫化剂、补强剂、填料等混炼、硫化、成型，制成各种规格的膨胀密封胶条。也将可膨胀石墨用某种粘合剂粘合在载体上，这种粘合剂在高温时形成的炭化物所提供的抗剪切力能够有效阻止石墨的滑动。塑料材料的阻燃可膨胀石墨是塑料材料良好的阻燃剂，其具有无毒、无污染等特点，单独使用或与其他阻燃剂混合使用都可达到理想的阻燃效果。可膨胀石墨在达到同样阻燃效果时，用量远小于普通阻燃剂。其作用原理是：在高温时，可膨胀石墨急剧膨胀，窒息了火焰，同时其生成的石墨膨体材料覆盖在基材表面，隔绝了热能辐射和氧的接触，其夹层内部的酸根在膨胀时释放出来，也促进了基材的炭化，从而通过多种阻燃方式达到良好的效果。
涂料上的应用可膨胀石墨的细颗粒加入到普通涂料中，可制得效果较好的阻燃防静电涂料，提高其耐高温及防火性能。其在火灾中形成的大量轻质不燃碳层，能有效阻隔热量向基材的辐射，有效保护基材。另外由于石墨是良好的电导体，制得的涂料可防止静电荷的聚集，达到防火防静电的双重效果。
如图1所示，电池燃烧的火焰灼烧防爆箱的箱门7的缝隙处。防爆箱的箱门7的门缝处采用的耐高温的密封条1进行密封，耐高温密封条1能有效避免受高温熔化后导致火焰外喷。
如此的设计是为了防止火焰从开口处泄露到防爆箱的外部环境，这样的设计是有利的。
根据本申请的一些实施例，防爆箱使用情况如图1所示，打开防爆箱门7，用叉车取出电池托架4，将需要运输的电池固定在托架4上，再用叉车将电池托架4与电池一起叉举放到防爆箱中，关上防爆箱门7并锁紧，防爆箱整体与电池托架4采用分离式设计便于重型电池固定以及装入或从防爆箱中取出。
由于防爆箱外壳6采用UHPC材质，能耐受高强度冲击，防爆箱外壳6棱角采用铁质棱角加固防爆箱，提高防爆箱的耐冲击强度。
当电池在内部发生热失控时，火焰的能量一般有三条途径往外传递。
火焰能量传递途径一：
电池燃烧火焰灼烧防爆箱内壁四周的陶瓷隔热板5，火焰的热量通过陶瓷隔热板5进行第一层隔热后，少量热量传递到防爆箱外壳6，防爆箱外壳6同样采用高阻热材料，对传递过来的热量进行二次阻隔，确保箱体表面温度低于100℃。
火焰能量传递途径二：
电池燃烧的火焰灼烧排烟滤火器2，当火焰穿过排烟滤火器2中的狭窄细小金属孔隙时，因传热作用被瞬间吸收热量，导致火焰无法穿过滤火器2，同时防爆箱内壁与防爆箱外壳6采用陶瓷隔热板和高阻热材料的原因，使得火焰温度控制在排烟滤火器2附近不被蔓延。
火焰能量传递途径三：
电池燃烧的火焰灼烧防爆箱门7的缝隙处，防爆箱门7间缝处采用耐高温密封条1进行密封，耐高温密封条1能有效避免受高温熔化后导致火焰外喷。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种用于电池的防爆箱，其中，包括：
    外壳（6）；
    内壳（8），所述内壳（8）设置在所述外壳（6）的内部；和
    滤火器（2），所述滤火器（2）贯穿所述外壳（6）和所述内壳（8）两者，其中，所述滤火器（2）包括：
    排气通道（21），用于将在所述内壳（8）中产生的气体排出到所述外壳（6）以外；
    凹穴（23），设置在所述排气通道（21）的内表面，用于吸收热能。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于电池的防爆箱，其中，所述内壳（8）与所述外壳（6）之间设置有隔热空间，所述隔热空间用于阻止能量从所述内壳（8）到所述外壳（6）的接触式热传导。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于电池的防爆箱，其中，所述外壳（6）与所述内壳（8）之间设置有支撑件，所述支撑件支撑所述内壳（8），使得在所述内壳（8）与所述外壳（6）之间形成所述隔热空间。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的用于电池的防爆箱，其中，所述外壳（6）包括阻热材料。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的用于电池的防爆箱，其中，所述内壳（8）包括陶瓷材料。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的用于电池的防爆箱，其中，所述防爆箱的内壁四周设有陶瓷隔热板（5）。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于电池的防爆箱，其中，所述滤火器（2）能够拆卸地贯穿所述外壳（6）和所述内壳（8）两者。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的用于电池的防爆箱，其中，所述凹穴（23）为布置在所述排气通道（21）的内表面上的多个金属环形构件。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的用于电池的防爆箱，其中，在所述防爆箱中设置有托架（4），所述电池与所述托架（4）可拆卸连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的用于电池的防爆箱，其中，所述防爆箱设置有开口，所述电池能够从所述开口进入并且储存在所述内壳（8）中。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的用于电池的防爆箱，其中，所述开口处设置有能够拆卸的高温密封条（1）。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的用于电池的防爆箱，其中，所述防爆箱还包括箱门（7），所述高温密封条（1）密封于所述箱门（7）的缝隙处。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的用于电池的防爆箱，其中，所述外壳的棱角为铁质棱角。
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CN216917096U (zh) * 2022-01-14 2022-07-08 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 用于电池的防爆箱
CN116280635B (zh) * 2023-03-20 2024-05-14 诚通物流包装有限公司 一种破损锂电池运输用防爆包装箱

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