WO2023134268A1

WO2023134268A1 - Transmission chain of wind turbine generator system

Info

Publication number: WO2023134268A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/128361
Authority: WO
Inventors: 葛春丽; 韩冰; 吴永鹏; 宋克伟; 张立柱; 赵爱珑
Original assignee: 中车山东风电有限公司
Priority date: 2022-01-13
Filing date: 2022-10-28
Publication date: 2023-07-20
Also published as: CN114412720A

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of wind turbine generator systems, and provides a transmission chain of a wind turbine generator system, comprising a hub connected to a wind rotor, a main shaft connected to the hub, and a gearbox transmittingly connected to the main shaft. The gearbox is connected to a generator; the wind rotor rotates under the action of wind load to drive the hub to rotate, the hub drives the main shaft to rotate, the main shaft drives the gearbox to rotate, and the output speed of the gearbox is increased, so as to drive the generator to rotate to generate power. According to the present invention, a traditional elastic coupling and a high-speed shaft coupling are omitted, so that the fault of a main bearing is avoided while the cost is saved; the structure is compact and the size of the transmission chain is short, so that the space is saved, and the elastic coupling, a high-speed shaft brake, and a gearbox input end bearing which are expensive are omitted, so that the cost is greatly saved; and a sun gear at the tail end of the gearbox is in spline connection with an output shaft, the output shaft is provided with two bearings for fixed shaft output, and no bearing structure exists in the generator, so that the high reliability of the transmission chain is guaranteed.

Description

Wind turbine drive chain

The present invention claims the priority of the Chinese patent application with the application number 202210038867.0 and the title of the invention "wind turbine transmission chain" submitted to the Chinese Patent Office on January 13, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generators, in particular to an integrated drive chain of wind power generators.

Background technique

With the rapid progress of wind power generation technology, the power level of the unit is getting larger and larger, and the diameter of the wind rotor is getting longer and longer. The large-scale unit has become the development trend of the wind power industry. With the application of new carbon fiber materials and technological innovations, the blades are getting longer and longer, and the wind turbine is limited by the noise, and the blade tip speed cannot be too high. Therefore, as the diameter of the wind rotor increases, the speed of the wind rotor gradually decreases.

If the traditional double-fed transmission scheme is adopted, the speed ratio of the gearbox will be very high, the size of the gearbox will be relatively large, the size of the double-fed generator will also be large, and the length of the entire transmission chain will be very long. The size also becomes very long thereupon, which brings difficulties to storage and transportation. In addition, the high-speed stage of the gearbox and the double-fed generator have many failures, and the subsequent operation and maintenance costs are relatively high. If the unit is installed at sea, it will be affected by the natural conditions of sea breeze and ships, and the operation and maintenance costs will increase.

It can be seen that with the increase of the power level, there are more and more disadvantages in the doubly-fed transmission chain. If the direct drive transmission scheme is selected, as the power level of the unit increases, the diameter of the wind rotor increases, the speed of the wind rotor decreases, the speed of the generator is lower, and the number of pole pairs increases, the size of the generator will become larger, and the generator And the transportation of the complete machine is restricted. At the same time, the amount of copper wire used in the generator increases, the cost of the generator is higher, the cost of the unit increases, and the market competitiveness decreases.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a transmission chain of a wind power generating set to solve at least one technical problem in the background art above.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has taken the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a transmission chain of a wind power generating set, comprising:

A hub connected to the wind wheel, a main shaft connected to the hub, and a gearbox connected to the main shaft, the gearbox connected to the generator; wherein,

The wind wheel rotates under the wind load, driving the hub to rotate, the hub drives the main shaft to rotate, the main shaft drives the gearbox to rotate, the output speed of the gearbox increases, and the generator rotates to generate electricity.

Preferably, both ends of the main shaft are provided with a main shaft flange, the hub is connected to the main shaft flange, and the primary planet carrier of the gearbox is connected to the main shaft flange at the other end of the main shaft.

Preferably, the main shaft is arranged on the bearing seat; the first-stage ring gear of the gearbox is connected to the bearing seat flange on the bearing seat.

Preferably, the end surface of the output shaft of the gearbox is axially connected to the rotor of the generator, and the fixed casing of the gearbox is connected to the fixed casing of the generator.

Preferably, one end of the bearing seat adjacent to the hub is provided with an upwind main bearing, and the other end of the bearing seat is provided with a downwind main bearing.

Preferably, one end of the main shaft adjacent to the hub is connected with an interference fit with the inner ring of the upwind main bearing, and the other end of the main shaft is connected with an interference fit with the inner ring of the downwind main bearing .

Preferably, the sun gear of the gearbox is connected to the output shaft by a spline.

Preferably, the output shaft of the gearbox is provided with a bearing, and the gearbox is rigidly connected to the flange of the generator.

Preferably, the hub is connected to the main shaft flange through a first high-strength bolt; the main shaft flange at the other end of the main shaft is connected to the primary planet carrier of the gearbox through a second high-strength bolt and a first straight pin, and the bearing seat It is rigidly connected with the first-stage ring gear of the gearbox through the third high-strength bolt and the second cylindrical pin.

Preferably, the output shaft of the gearbox is connected to the rotor of the generator through a fourth high-strength bolt, and the sun gear of the gearbox is connected to the stator of the generator through a fifth high-strength bolt.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The high integration of the main shaft, gearbox and generator eliminates the need for traditional elastic couplings and high-speed shaft couplings; The input end cancels the bearing, which saves the cost and avoids the failure of the main bearing at the same time; the gearbox and the generator are rigidly connected by the flange, and the high-speed shaft coupling is canceled, which saves the cost;

Compact structure, short transmission chain size, saving space, canceling the expensive elastic coupling, high-speed shaft brake and gearbox input end bearing, saving costs; the end sun gear of the gearbox is connected with the output shaft by splines, The output shaft has two bearings for fixed shaft output, and there is no bearing structure in the generator, which ensures the high reliability of the transmission chain.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will become apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without making creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an integrated transmission chain of a wind power generating set according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the integrated transmission chain of the wind power generating set according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a connection structure diagram of the main shaft flange of the integrated transmission chain of the wind power generating set described in the embodiment of the present invention and the first-stage planetary carrier of the gearbox, that is, the cross-sectional view at K-K in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4 is a connection structure diagram of the bearing block of the integrated transmission chain of the wind power generating set according to the embodiment of the present invention and the first-stage planet carrier of the gearbox, that is, the cross-sectional view at L-L in Fig. 2 .

Among them: 1-wheel hub; 2-main shaft; 3-first high-strength bolt; 4-bearing housing; 5-upwind main bearing; 6-downward main bearing; 7-second high-strength bolt; 8-first straight pin; 9-gearbox; 10-the third high-strength bolt; 11-the second cylindrical pin; 12-the fifth high-strength bolt; 13-generator; 14-the fourth high-strength bolt.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with the drawings are exemplary, and are only used to explain the present invention, but not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

Those skilled in the art can understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and unless defined as herein, are not to be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense explain.

Those skilled in the art will understand that unless otherwise stated, the singular forms "a", "an", "said" and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the word "comprising" used in the description of the present invention refers to the presence of said features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, Integers, steps, operations, elements and/or groups thereof.

In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without conflicting with each other.

In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for description purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

In the description of this specification, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", " The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the technology and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the referred device or positional relationship. Elements must have certain orientations, be constructed and operate in certain orientations, and thus should not be construed as limitations on the technology.

Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", "connected" and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly, for example, may be fixedly connected, arranged, or detachably connected, arranged, or integrated Connect and set up. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present technology according to specific situations.

In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further explained below with specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the specific embodiments are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention.

Those skilled in the art should understand that the drawings are only schematic diagrams of the embodiments, and the components in the drawings are not necessarily necessary for implementing the present invention.

Example

In this embodiment, a transmission chain of a wind power generating set is provided. In this embodiment, from the wind rotor at the input end of the wind generating set to the generator at the output end, it runs through the entire transmission chain, which is the core of the entire unit and has great impact on the reliability of the unit. Sex plays a key role. The specific structural form is: the blade starts to rotate under the wind load, and the three blades evenly distributed on the circumference drive the hub to rotate. The hub and the main shaft are rigidly connected by high-strength bolts (or studs), the main shaft starts to rotate, and the main shaft is rigidly connected to the gearbox. , to drive the gearbox to rotate. At the same time, the gearbox has a speed-up transmission ratio, and its output speed increases. The gearbox and the generator are rigidly connected through high-strength bolts (or studs), which drives the generator to rotate and generate electricity. The entire transmission process realizes the conversion of wind energy into electrical energy.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the transmission chain of the wind power generating set in this embodiment specifically includes the following structure: a hub connected to the wind wheel, a main shaft connected to the hub, and a gear connected to the main shaft The gear box is connected to the generator; wherein, the wind wheel rotates under the wind load, driving the hub to rotate, the hub drives the main shaft to rotate, the main shaft drives the gearbox to rotate, the output speed of the gearbox increases, and the generator rotates to generate electricity .

Both ends of the main shaft are provided with a main shaft flange, the hub is connected to the main shaft flange, and the primary planet carrier of the gearbox is connected to the main shaft flange at the other end of the main shaft. The main shaft is arranged on the bearing seat; the first-stage ring gear of the gearbox is connected with the bearing seat flange on the bearing seat.

The end surface of the output shaft of the gearbox is axially connected with the rotor of the generator, and the fixed casing of the gearbox is connected with the fixed casing of the generator. One end of the bearing seat adjacent to the hub is provided with an upwind main bearing, and the other end of the bearing seat is provided with a downwind main bearing.

One end of the main shaft adjacent to the hub is in interference fit connection with the inner ring of the upwind main bearing, and the other end of the main shaft is in interference fit connection with the inner ring of the downwind main bearing. The sun gear of the gear box 9 is splined to the output shaft.

The output shaft of the gear box 9 is provided with a bearing, and the gear box 9 is rigidly connected with the flange of the generator 13 . The hub 1 is connected to the main shaft flange through the first high-strength bolt 3; the main shaft flange at the other end of the main shaft is connected to the primary planet carrier of the gearbox 9 through the second high-strength bolt 7 and the first cylindrical pin 8, and the The bearing seat 4 is rigidly connected to the primary ring gear of the gearbox 9 through the third high-strength bolt 10 and the second cylindrical pin 11 .

The output shaft of the gearbox 9 is connected to the rotor of the generator 13 through the fourth high-strength bolt 14 , and the sun gear of the gearbox is connected to the stator of the generator through the fifth high-strength bolt 12 .

In this embodiment, the hub 1 is cast and the main shaft 2 is forged. The two parts have relatively high rigidity and are connected by the first high-strength bolt 3 (or stud); the main shaft flange and the primary planet carrier of the gearbox 9 The second high-strength bolt 7 (or stud) is connected to the first cylindrical pin 8, and the first-stage ring gear of the gearbox is connected to the flange of the bearing seat through the third high-strength bolt (or stud) and the second cylindrical pin; the gearbox 9 fixed shaft output, the output shaft has two bearings, the end face of the output shaft is connected to the rotor shaft of the generator 13 through the fourth high-strength bolt 14 (or stud), and the fixed housing of the gearbox and the fixed housing of the generator are connected through the fifth high-strength bolt 14 (or stud). Bolt 12 (or stud) connection. In this embodiment, the elastic coupling between the main shaft and the gearbox is reduced, and two bearings are reduced for the input shaft of the gearbox, which saves a large cost. Workshop assembly; the rigid connection between the gearbox and the generator reduces the high-speed shaft coupling and saves the cost of the unit. The low-speed end elastic coupling and the high-speed end coupling are omitted, and the two key components of the gearbox and the generator have undergone technological innovation. The entire integrated transmission chain structure has high reliability and low cost.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the hub 1 and the main shaft 2 are rigidly connected through the first high-strength stud 3 (or bolt), so as to transfer the wind load on the wind wheel side to the main shaft 2; the main shaft 2 and the upwind main bearing 5 (double TRB or sliding bearing) and the inner ring of the downwind main bearing 6 are interference fit, the outer rings of the upwind main bearing 5 and the downwind main bearing 6 are interference fit with the bearing seat 4, and the bearing seat is fixed on the base of the nacelle to support the transmission chain The gravity ensures that the transmission chain rotates freely.

The main shaft flange at the rear end of the main shaft 2 is connected to the input planet carrier of the gearbox 9 through a double row of second high-strength bolts 7 (or studs) and the first cylindrical pin 8, and the second high-strength bolts 7 and the first cylindrical pin 8 bear the wind wheel The torque transmitted from the side and the bending moment and shear generated by the planetary carrier of the gearbox. The second high-strength bolt 7 and the first cylindrical pin 8 bear the torque transmitted by the wind wheel side and the bending moment generated by the gravity of the planetary frame of the gear box 9, ensuring that the load on the wind wheel side is reliably transmitted to the gear box 9, and effectively ensures that the gear box safety and reliability.

The input torque on the wind wheel side is transmitted to the planetary carrier of the gearbox 9, and the upper and lower wind direction bearings are canceled on the gearbox planetary carrier, which saves the cost of the bearings. The gravity of the planetary carrier is supported by the main bearing 5 in the upwind direction and the main bearing 6 in the downwind direction. There is no bearing at the input end of the gearbox 9, and the planet carrier is supported by the main bearing, which saves the cost of the gearbox bearing; meanwhile, the internal modular design of the gearbox 9 ensures that the gearbox 9 is convenient for installation and maintenance.

The first-stage ring gear of the gearbox 9 is connected to the rear end flange of the bearing seat 4 through the third high-strength bolt 10 (or stud) and the second cylindrical pin 11, and the third high-strength bolt 10 and the second cylindrical pin 11 are supported by the wind wheel side. The transmitted torque and the gravity of the gearbox and the gravity of the generator jointly produce a bending moment and a magnetic pull of the generator.

The ring gear of the gearbox 9 is connected to the generator stator through the fifth high-strength bolt 12 (or stud), and the fifth high-strength bolt 12 bears the torque transmitted by the wind wheel side and the bending moment generated by the gravity of the generator stator and the magnetic force of the generator 13. pull. When calculating the strength of the main shaft 1, the impact of the planetary structure of the gearbox 9 and the weight of the rotor of the generator 13 must be considered, and the strength of the main shaft 1 must be able to withstand the load at the rear end under the premise that the strength of the main shaft 1 meets the center load of the wind wheel, so as to ensure the reliability of the main shaft 1 .

The end sun gear of the gear box 9 is splined to the output shaft, and the output shaft has two bearings for fixed shaft output, and there is no bearing structure in the generator 13. The sun gear of the gearbox 9 and the output shaft are connected by a spline, and the spline connection is evenly stressed, has good neutrality, and transmits a large torque, so as to better ensure the reliability of the output shaft of the gearbox 9.

The output shaft flange of the gearbox 9 is connected to the generator rotor shaft through the fourth high-strength bolt 14 (or stud), and the fourth high-strength bolt 14 bears the torque transmitted by the wind wheel side and the bending moment generated by the gravity of the generator rotor magnetic pull. Under the wind load of the wind turbine, the load is transmitted from the hub 1 to the main shaft 2, and then transmitted to the generator 13 through the acceleration of the gearbox 9, and the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy through the power transmission function of the generator.

The output shaft of the gearbox 9 has its own bearing, and the rotor shaft of the generator 13 has no bearing. The flange of the gearbox 9 and the generator 13 is rigidly connected. This structure facilitates the assembly of the generator 13 and the gearbox 9, and facilitates the disassembly of the generator 13 later maintain. There is no bearing in the generator 13, and no lubrication system is required. Since the main shaft 1 is rigidly connected to the gearbox 9, a centralized lubrication system can be used to realize the upwind main bearing 5, the downwind main bearing 6 and the internal bearings of the gearbox 9. Lubrication, saving the cost of lubrication system.

In summary, the embodiments of the present invention are described. The generator speed of the semi-direct drive transmission chain belongs to medium speed, and the size is small; the gear box speed ratio is low and the length is short; the gearbox and the generator are directly connected, saving high-speed coupling parts, and the entire transmission chain is relatively compact, and The short length is convenient for the storage and transportation of the unit; the cost of the gearbox is lower than that of double-fed, the cost of the generator is lower than that of direct drive, and higher than that of double-fed, and the cost of the semi-direct drive transmission chain is the lowest in comprehensive accounting.

Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay Various modifications or deformations that can be made through creative labor shall be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

A transmission chain of a wind power generating set, characterized in that it comprises:

A hub connected to the wind wheel, a main shaft connected to the hub, and a gearbox connected to the main shaft, the gearbox connected to the generator; wherein,

The wind wheel rotates under the wind load, driving the hub to rotate, the hub drives the main shaft to rotate, the main shaft drives the gearbox to rotate, the output speed of the gearbox increases, and the generator rotates to generate electricity.
According to claim 1, the transmission chain of the wind power generating set is characterized in that, both ends of the main shaft are provided with a main shaft flange, the hub is connected to the main shaft flange, and the first-stage planet carrier of the gear box is connected to the main shaft flange. Spindle flange connection at the other end of the spindle.
According to claim 2, the transmission chain of the wind power generating set is characterized in that, the main shaft is arranged on the bearing seat; the first-stage ring gear of the gearbox is connected to the bearing seat flange on the bearing seat.
According to claim 3, the transmission chain of the wind power generating set is characterized in that the end surface of the output shaft of the gearbox is connected to the rotor of the generator, and the fixed casing of the gearbox is connected to the fixed casing of the generator.
According to claim 3, the transmission chain of the wind power generating set is characterized in that, one end of the bearing block adjacent to the hub is provided with an upwind main bearing, and the other end of the bearing seat is provided with a downwind main bearing .
According to claim 5, the transmission chain of the wind power generating set, characterized in that, one end of the main shaft adjacent to the hub is connected with the inner ring of the upwind main bearing with an interference fit, and the other end of the main shaft It is connected with the inner ring of the downwind main bearing with interference fit.
The transmission chain of the wind power generator set according to claim 4, wherein the sun gear of the gearbox is connected to the output shaft by a spline.
According to claim 7, the transmission chain of the wind power generating set is characterized in that, the output shaft of the gear box is provided with a bearing, and the gear box is rigidly connected with the flange of the generator.
According to claim 3, the transmission chain of the wind power generating set is characterized in that, the hub and the main shaft flange are connected by a first high-strength bolt; the main shaft flange at the other end of the main shaft and the primary planet carrier of the gearbox are connected by a first Two high-strength bolts are connected to the first straight pin, and the bearing seat is rigidly connected to the first-stage ring gear of the gearbox through the third high-strength bolt and the second straight pin.
According to claim 4, the transmission chain of the wind power generating set is characterized in that, the output shaft of the gearbox is connected to the rotor of the generator through the fourth high-strength bolt, and the sun gear of the gearbox and the stator of the generator are connected through the fifth high-strength bolt. Bolted.