WO2023133650A1 - 基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱 - Google Patents

基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023133650A1
WO2023133650A1 PCT/CN2022/071155 CN2022071155W WO2023133650A1 WO 2023133650 A1 WO2023133650 A1 WO 2023133650A1 CN 2022071155 W CN2022071155 W CN 2022071155W WO 2023133650 A1 WO2023133650 A1 WO 2023133650A1
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Prior art keywords
power generation
floating
tank
wave energy
liquid tank
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PCT/CN2022/071155
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张崇伟
朱训昊
代洁娆
宁德志
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大连理工大学
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Priority to US17/911,344 priority Critical patent/US20230220825A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/071155 priority patent/WO2023133650A1/zh
Publication of WO2023133650A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023133650A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/20—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" wherein both members, i.e. wom and rem are movable relative to the sea bed or shore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/18—Purpose of the control system to control buoyancy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of ocean energy utilization, and relates to a wave energy independent power generation device, in particular to a wave energy independent power generation floating tank based on the principle of liquid tank sloshing.
  • Offshore equipment such as ocean-going fishing boats and offshore platforms have been engaged in production operations in the open sea for many years, and the continuous operation of equipment is accompanied by huge power consumption.
  • the existing offshore power supply mostly uses fuel-fired generators. Fuel-fired power generation costs are high, carbon emissions are large, and the environment is polluted. At the same time, fishing boats and other equipment also rely heavily on the continuous supply of fuel.
  • the sea wave movement itself contains huge mechanical energy. The kinetic energy and potential energy of the sea wave are extracted and converted into electrical energy, which can provide a continuous power supply for offshore operation equipment. Wave energy has a high energy density, a wide range of distribution, is less affected by conditions such as sunshine and sea breeze, has no carbon emissions, and is sustainable and renewable. It is an excellent source of power supplement for offshore equipment.
  • the present invention aims to propose a wave energy independent power generation device that is easy to carry with the ship, does not rely on shore-based supporting systems and is free from environmental corrosion, that is, a wave energy independent power generation floating tank based on the principle of liquid tank sloshing.
  • the main body of the power generating device is a closed liquid tank structure, the overall volume is small, and it is convenient to carry with the ship.
  • the device When electricity is needed, the device is thrown into the sea to make it float on the sea surface.
  • the movement of the device under the action of sea waves excites the liquid in the tank inside the body to slosh, and the sloshing liquid drives the power generation system to generate electricity, which is then transmitted to the hull or platform through cables.
  • the power generation compartment of the device is a closed structure, completely isolated from the marine environment, which can completely prevent the core mechanical and electrical components from being corroded by the seawater environment.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a floating tank for independent power generation of wave energy based on the tank sloshing principle.
  • a floating tank for independent power generation of wave energy based on the principle of tank sloshing A hatch cover 6 is installed on the top, and a gasket 28 is arranged at the contact between the hatch cover 6 and the floating ball 9; a signal light 5 is installed on the hatch cover 6; an anchor ring 3 is installed on the top side of the wave energy independent power generation floating cabin and cable socket 4; four sand injection valves 7 are evenly arranged on the upper part of the floating tank for independent power generation of wave energy along the circumferential direction;
  • the independent wave energy generation floating chamber When deploying the independent wave energy generation floating chamber, use the cable 8 tied to the anchor ring 3 to connect the wave energy independent power generation floating chamber with the ship 1, and according to the local hydrological conditions, inject or discharge through the sand injection and discharge valve 7 Sand, the displacement of floating ball spheroid 9 is regulated, and is suspended in seawater if necessary, to reach the purpose of safely generating electricity.
  • the wave energy independent power generation floating cabin works, it uses the buoyancy generated by its own floating ball 9 to float on the sea surface, and the electric energy generated by the wave energy independent power generation floating cabin is transmitted to the ship 1 through the marine cable 2 inserted in the cable socket 4 .
  • the interior of the wave energy independent power generation floating tank includes a functional cabin and a ballast tank 16, the functional cabin is located in the central area of the wave energy independent power generation floating tank, the ballast tank 16 is located in an area outside the functional cabin, and the functional cabin and the ballast tank 16 Separated by a middle longitudinal partition 12; the functional cabin includes a power generation cabin 14 and a liquid tank 15, the power generation cabin 14 is located in the upper core area, and the liquid tank 15 is located in the lower core area, and a middle transverse partition is used between the power generation cabin 14 and the liquid tank 15 Separation by plate 11; ballast tank 16 is evenly divided into four regions by ribs 13;
  • the liquid tank 15 is used to place the float system, and the float system includes a spring stopper 19, N floats 20, slide rails 21, and pulleys 22; each float 20 has the same shape and size, and its top is fan-shaped, and its bottom is concave-convex.
  • N floating blocks 20 are evenly distributed inside the liquid tank 15 along the circumferential direction, which are connected with the slide rail 21 embedded in the middle longitudinal partition 12 through the pulley 22, and the spring stopper 19 is used to limit the floating blocks 20 to slide along The up and down displacement of the rail 21, and there is a working gap between each floating block 20; the lower part of the floating block 20 is immersed in the liquid in the liquid tank 15, and the upper part is exposed to the gas inside the liquid tank 15;
  • the liquid is water, and the contained gas is nitrogen or other rare gases.
  • the power generation cabin 14 is used to place the energy conversion system, and the energy conversion system includes a battery 23, a battery cabin 24, N linear generators 25, wires 26 and rectifiers 27; N linear generators 25 are evenly distributed on the middle transverse partition along the circumferential direction 11, the bottom of which is connected to the middle transverse partition 11 by bolts; the central position of the middle transverse partition 11 is provided with a battery compartment 24, the battery 23 and the rectifier 27 are contained in the battery compartment 24, and the battery 23 and the rectifier 27 Bolts are used to connect the bottom to the middle transverse partition 11; each linear generator 25 is connected to the rectifier 27 through a wire 26 alone, and the rectifier 27 is connected to the battery 23 in the battery compartment 24; the battery 23 is respectively connected to the cable socket 4 through the wire 26 And the signal light 5 is connected;
  • the buoy system located in the liquid tank 15 is connected with the energy conversion system located in the power generation compartment 14 using a transmission system, and the transmission system includes N transmission rods 17 and waterproof flexible cloth 18; the transmission rod 17 passes through the middle transverse partition 11 and uses waterproof flexible cloth 18 is connected with the middle transverse partition 11; the lower end of the transmission rod 17 is connected with the floating block 20, and the upper end is connected with the linear generator 25; one transmission rod 17 is correspondingly connected with one floating block 20 and one linear generator 25.
  • the number N ⁇ 1 of the floating block 20, the linear generator 25, and the transmission rod 17 is the same.
  • the wave energy independent power generation floating tank is shaken by the action of waves in a certain direction, and then the liquid in the internal liquid tank 15 reaches the resonance condition to generate resonance motion, and the liquid level fluctuates and vibrates; under the joint action of buoyancy and gravity, the floating block 20 follows The ups and downs of the liquid level vibrate up and down; because the transmission rod 17 is fixed with the float 20, the transmission rod 17 also vibrates up and down; with the up and down vibration of the transmission rod 17, the linear generator 25 connected to it generates power; the linear generator 25 sends The alternating current enters the rectifier 27 through the wire 26, and after rectification, it becomes a direct current and is stored in the storage battery 23 through the wire 26; part of the electric energy stored in the storage battery 23 is used for the signal lamp 5 to work, and the other part provides electric energy for the ship 1 through the marine cable 2 inserted into the cable socket 4 supply.
  • the overall volume is small, which is convenient for carrying and arrangement of ships, and can realize single power generation or array power generation.
  • the floating cabin is equipped with an external power socket, which can realize fast charging of the ship after launching.
  • a closed liquid tank is adopted, and the liquid tank is filled with nitrogen or other inert gases, which avoids direct contact between the buoy and seawater and oxygen, and effectively reduces the harm of the buoy system being corroded by seawater.
  • N (N ⁇ 1) buoys are distributed in a circular shape in the liquid tank, so that the wave energy independent power generation floating tank can absorb wave energy in any direction.
  • the floating tank gathers the external wave energy inside the tank through the liquid tank, and uses the residual energy captured in the tank to generate electricity, which reduces the loss of wave energy to a certain extent.
  • the floating tank is equipped with a ballast tank, which can inject and discharge sand according to the hydrological conditions of the place where it is placed, and then complete the floating and diving, which can ensure the safety and stability of its own offshore power generation-charging.
  • the structure of the floating tank is simple, and the installation and maintenance are relatively convenient, which reduces the cost of the marine wave energy generation device to a certain extent.
  • Fig. 1 is the exterior view of a floating tank for independent power generation by wave energy based on the tank sloshing principle, (a) is a front view, and (b) is a top view.
  • Fig. 2 is a working diagram of launching a floating tank for independent power generation by wave energy based on the tank sloshing principle.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of the internal functional area of the floating tank, (a) is a front sectional view, (b) is a top sectional view of the power generation cabin, and (c) is a top sectional view of the liquid tank.
  • Figure 4 is a structural diagram of the float system and part of the transmission system, (a) is a sectional view, and (b) is a top view.
  • Figure 5 is a structural diagram of energy conversion and part of the transmission system, (a) is a sectional view, (b) is a top view.
  • Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a floating tank for independent power generation by wave energy based on the tank sloshing principle.
  • the wave energy independent power generation floating tank uses the floating ball 9 as its own structure, and the external of the floating tank is equipped with an anchor ring 3, a cable socket 4, a signal light 5, a hatch cover 6, a sand injection and discharge valve 7 and a crash pad 10.
  • the floating cabin When the floating cabin is deployed, it is connected to the ship 1 through the cable 8, and the sand is injected or discharged through the sand injection and discharge valve 7 to control its displacement; when the floating cabin is working, the electric energy is transmitted to the boat through the marine cable 2 inserted in the cable socket 4 1.
  • the interior of the floating tank is divided into a functional cabin and a ballast tank 16, and the functional cabin includes a liquid tank 15 and a power generation cabin 14.
  • a float system is arranged in the liquid tank 15, and the float system includes a spring stopper 19, a floating block 20, a slide rail 21, and a pulley 22; Machine 25, wire 26 and rectifier 27.
  • the transmission system is connected to the buoy system and the energy conversion system, and the transmission system includes a transmission rod 17 and a waterproof flexible cloth 18 .
  • the waves When the floating tank is working, the waves will shake it, driving the liquid in the internal liquid tank 15 to shake, so that the liquid level in the liquid tank 15 fluctuates up and down; the floating block 20 vibrates up and down with the fluctuation of the liquid level; the vibration is driven by the transmission
  • the rod 17 is transmitted to the linear generator 25 to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy; the alternating current generated by the linear generator 25 is rectified by the rectifier 27 and stored in the storage battery 24; 1 to provide power supply.
  • the number of buoys N is reasonably designed.
  • the height of the transmission rod that is, the distance between the buoy and the partition, should be reasonably designed.
  • the volume of the ballast tank should be reasonably designed.
  • the construction and installation process of the wave energy independent power generation floating tank based on the tank sloshing principle is as follows: (1) Build the floating ball body, the floating block structure (determine the number of floating blocks according to the actual situation), the middle longitudinal partition, the middle transverse partition, ribs board awaits subsequent installation. (2) Construct the transmission rod and waterproof flexible fabric of the transmission system. (3) Build linear generators for energy conversion systems, batteries, rectifiers, and wires. (4) Build signal lights, hatch covers, crash pads and other modules, waiting for subsequent assembly.
  • the floating tank When designing the floating tank, it should be designed according to the actual sea conditions, so that the internal liquid is in a state of resonance as much as possible, so as to improve the utilization rate of wave energy.
  • the height of the floating ball is 1m, the radius of the floating ball is 0.75m, and the thickness of the floating ball is 0.02m; , The thickness of the longitudinal partition in the middle is 0.16m; the thickness of the rib is 0.16mm; the height of the transmission rod under the partition is 0.2m, and the radius of the transmission rod is 0.05m; the height of the liquid tank is 0.5m; the slide rail is embedded in the inner wall of the floating ball The thickness of the float is 0.03m, and the junction of the slide rail roller and the floating block protrudes 0.01m; the outer diameter of the float is 0.44m, and the inner diameter is 0.1m.
  • the floating ball 9 adopts an anti-corrosion and anti-biological adhesion coating, and the liquid in the liquid tank is selected as water.
  • Gas selection is nitrogen or other inert gases.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱，波浪能独立发电浮舱外形为扁球形浮球球体（9），沿浮球球体（9）中间、圆周方向布置防撞垫（10）；波浪能独立发电浮舱的内部包括功能舱与压载舱（16），功能舱与压载舱（16）之间被中部纵向隔板（12）分隔；功能舱包括发电舱（14）和液舱（15），发电舱（14）位于上部核心区域，液舱（15）位于下部核心区域，发电舱（14）和液舱（15）之间使用中部横向隔板（11）分隔。该波浪能独立发电浮舱结构简单，安装与维修方便，且能有效避免核心机械和电气部件受海水环境腐蚀。

Description

基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱 技术领域
本发明属于海洋能利用技术领域，涉及波浪能独立发电装置，尤其涉及一种基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱。
 背景技术
远洋渔船和海洋平台等海上装备长年于外海开展生产作业，装备的持续性运行伴随着巨大的电量消耗。现有海上供电多采用燃油发电机，燃油发电成本高昂、排碳量大且污染环境，同时渔船等装备还对燃油的持续性补给有较强依赖。而海上波浪运动本身就蕴藏着巨大的机械能，将海浪的动能和势能提取出来并转化成电能，可为海上作业装备提供源源不断的电力供给。波浪能能量密度高、分布范围广泛、受日照和海风等条件影响小、无碳排放且可持续可再生，是海上装备绝佳的电力补充来源。
现有波浪能发电装置（如振荡水柱式、点头鸭式、浮子式、摆式、越浪式等波浪能转化器）体型巨大且依赖庞大的水下或岸基配套系统，难以移动或随船携带。同时，其用于发电的核心机械和电气部件易受海水腐蚀或海洋生物附着，对维护和保养的要求高。
本发明旨在提出一种便于随船携带、不依赖岸基配套系统且免受环境腐蚀的波浪能独立发电装置，即基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱。该发电装置的主体为封闭的液舱结构，整体体积小，方便随船携带。在需要用电时，将装置投入海中，使其漂浮在海面上。装置在海浪作用下发生运动，激发体内液舱中的液体发生晃荡运动，晃荡液体带动发电系统产生电力，继而通过电缆向船体或平台输电。装置的发电舱为封闭结构，与海洋环境完全隔离，可完全避免核心机械和电气部件受海水环境腐蚀。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是提供了一种基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱。
 技术解决方案
一种基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱，该波浪能独立发电浮舱外形为扁球形浮球球体9，沿其中间、圆周方向布置防撞垫10；波浪能独立发电浮舱的顶部安装有舱盖6，在舱盖6与浮球球体9的接触处设置有垫圈28；在舱盖6上安装有信号灯5；在波浪能独立发电浮舱的顶部一侧安装有锚固环3与电缆插口4；四个注排沙阀门7沿圆周方向均匀布置在波浪能独立发电浮舱上部；
布放该波浪能独立发电浮舱时，利用系在锚固环3上的缆绳8将波浪能独立发电浮舱与船只1连接，并根据投放当地的水文条件，通过注排沙阀门7注入或排出沙，对浮球球体9的排水量进行调节，必要时悬浮于海水中，以达到安全发电的目的。波浪能独立发电浮舱工作时，利用自身浮球球体9所产生的浮力漂浮于海面上，波浪能独立发电浮舱产生的电能通过插在电缆插口4中的船用电缆2传输至船只1。
该波浪能独立发电浮舱的内部包括功能舱与压载舱16，功能舱位于波浪能独立发电浮舱内的中心区域，压载舱16位于功能舱以外的区域，功能舱与压载舱16之间被中部纵向隔板12分隔；功能舱包括发电舱14和液舱15，发电舱14位于上部核心区域，液舱15位于下部核心区域，发电舱14和液舱15之间使用中部横向隔板11分隔；压载舱16被肋板13平均分隔成四个区域；
液舱15用于安放浮子系统，浮子系统包括弹簧限位器19、N个浮块20、滑轨21、滑轮22；各个浮块20的形状、大小相同，其顶部均呈扇形，底部呈凹凸曲面；N个浮块20沿圆周方向均匀分布在液舱15内部，其通过滑轮22与中部纵向隔板12上内嵌的滑轨21连接，同时利用弹簧限位器19限制浮块20沿滑轨21的上下位移，并且每个浮块20之间留有工作间隙；浮块20的下部浸泡在液舱15内的液体中，上部暴露在液舱15内部的气体中；液舱内所盛液体为水，所含气体为氮气或其他稀有气体。
发电舱14用于安放能量转换系统，能量转换系统包括蓄电池23、蓄电池舱24、N个直线发电机25、导线26和整流器27；N个直线发电机25沿圆周方向均匀分布在中部横向隔板11的外周区域，其底部用螺栓与中部横向隔板11连接；中部横向隔板11的中心位置设置有蓄电池舱24，蓄电池23与整流器27都包含于蓄电池舱24中，蓄电池23与整流器27的底部均用螺栓与中部横向隔板11连接；每个直线发电机25单独通过导线26与整流器27相连，整流器27再与蓄电池舱24中的蓄电池23相连；蓄电池23通过导线26分别与电缆插口4以及信号灯5相连；
位于液舱15的浮子系统与位于发电舱14的能量转换系统使用传动系统相连，传动系统包括N根传动杆17和防水柔性布料18；传动杆17穿过中部横向隔板11并利用防水柔性布料18与中部横向隔板11连接；传动杆17下端连接浮块20，上端连接直线发电机25；一根传动杆17对应连接一个浮块20和一个直线发电机25。
进一步，所述的浮块20、直线发电机25、传动杆17的数量N≥1，三者数量相同。
工作时，波浪能独立发电浮舱内部的工作情况如下：
波浪能独立发电浮舱受到某方向波浪的作用产生晃动，随后其内部液舱15中的液体达到共振条件而产生共振运动，液面起伏振动；在浮力与重力的共同作用下，浮块20随液面的起伏而上下振动；由于传动杆17与浮子20固定，传动杆17也做上下振动；随着传动杆17的上下振动，与其相连的直线发电机25进行发电；直线发电机25发出的交流电经导线26进入整流器27，整流后成为直流电经导线26储存在蓄电池23中；储存在蓄电池23中的电能一部分供信号灯5工作，另一部分通过插入电缆插口4的船用电缆2为船只1提供电能补给。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果：
（1）整体体积较小，方便船只的携带与布置，可实现单独发电或阵列发电。
（2）该浮舱设置了外接插电口，可实现投放后对船只的快速充电。
（3）采用封闭式液舱，且液舱内充满氮气或其他惰性气体，避免了浮块与海水、氧气直接接触，有效地减轻了浮子系统被海水侵蚀的危害。
（4）将N（N≥1）个浮块在液舱内呈环形分布，使得该波浪能独立发电浮舱可以吸收任何方向的波浪能量。
（5）该浮舱通过液舱将其外部的波浪能聚集在了液舱内部，并利用舱内捕获的余能进行发电，一定程度上减小了波浪能的损耗。
（6）该浮舱设置了压载舱，可根据投放地的水文条件进行注排沙，进而完成上浮下潜，能够保证自身海上发电—充电的安全与稳定。
（7）该浮舱结构简单，安装与维修都较为方便，一定程度上降低船用波浪能发电装置的成本。
 附图说明
图1是基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱外观图，（a）为正视图，（b）为俯视图。
图2是基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱下水工作图。
图3是浮舱内部功能区域图，（a）为正视剖面图，（b）为发电舱处俯视剖面图，（c）为液舱处俯视剖面图。
图4是浮子系统与部分传动系统结构图，（a）为剖面图，（b）为俯视图。
图5是能量转换与部分传动系统结构图，（a）为剖面图，（b）为俯视图。
图6是基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱电路图。
图中：1船只；2船用电缆；3锚固环；4电缆插口；5信号灯；6舱盖；7注排沙阀门；8缆绳；9浮球球体；10防撞垫；11中部横向隔板；12中部纵向隔板；13肋板；14发电舱；15液舱；16压载舱；17传动杆；18防水柔性布料；19弹簧限位器；20浮块；21滑轨；22滑轮；23蓄电池；24蓄电池舱；25直线发电机；26导线；27整流器；28垫圈。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述：
基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱以浮球球体9为自身结构，浮舱外部设置有锚固环3、电缆插口4、信号灯5、舱盖6、注排沙阀门7和防撞垫10。浮舱布放时，通过缆绳8与船只1连接，并通过注排沙阀门7注入或排出沙从而控制其排水量；浮舱工作时，电能通过插入在电缆插口4中的船用电缆2传输至船只1。
该浮舱内部分为功能舱与压载舱16，功能舱包括液舱15和发电舱14。液舱15内设置浮子系统，浮子系统包括弹簧限位器19、浮块20、滑轨21、滑轮22；发电舱14内设置能量转换系统，能量转换系统包括蓄电池23、蓄电池舱24、直线发电机25、导线26和整流器27。此外，传动系统连接浮子系统与能量转换系统，传动系统包括传动杆17和防水柔性布料18。
浮舱工作时，波浪对其作用而产生晃动，带动内部液舱15中的液体产生晃动，从而液舱15中的液面上下起伏；浮块20随液面的起伏而上下振动；振动随传动杆17传递至直线发电机25，将机械能转化为电能；直线发电机25产生的交流电经过整流器27整流，储存在蓄电池24中；当船用电缆2插入电缆插口4中时，启动放电功能，为船只1提供电能补给。
本发明的产品设计要充分考虑以下因素：
（1）根据不同海域的波浪特征，合理设计浮块数量N。
（2）根据不同海域的波浪特征，合理设计传动杆的高度即浮块与隔板的距离。
（3）该浮舱只有浮球球体会直接接触海水，所以要做好浮球球体的外壁防腐蚀工作。
（4）为达到安全发电与输电目的，根据浮球球体的体积，应合理设计压载舱的体积。
基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱的施工安装流程如下：（1）建造浮球球体、浮块结构（根据实际情况确定浮块数量）、中部纵向隔板、中部横向隔板、肋板等待后续安装。（2）建造传动系统的传动杆、防水柔性布料。（3）建造能量转换系统的直线发电机，蓄电池、整流器、导线。（4）建造信号灯、舱盖、防撞垫等模块，等待后续拼装。（5）将滑轨嵌在中部纵向隔板预留的工字槽中，并将滑轨与浮块外壁用螺栓固定，再将浮块与滚轮利用螺栓进行连接，然后将滚轮滑入滑轨，完成液舱安装。（5）将直线发电机、蓄电池与整流器用螺栓固定在中部横向隔板上，完成发电舱安装。（6）将传动杆与浮块和直线发电机连接，并安装防水柔性布料，最后将中部横向隔板与中部纵向隔板粘接，完成传动系统的安装。（8）将肋板与中部纵向隔板、浮球球体进行粘接，完成压载舱的安装。（9）安装电缆插口、注排沙阀门、信号灯、锚固环、舱盖、防撞垫、垫圈。至此，安装完毕。
实施例的具体参数如下：
在设计该浮舱时，应该根据实际的海域状况来进行设计，使得内部液体尽可能处于共振状态，以提高波浪能利用率。
以波高为0.2m的波浪环境为例。可取浮球球体的高度为1m，浮球球体半径为0.75m，浮球球体厚度为0.02m；发电舱高度为0.30m，发电舱半径0.5m，中部横向隔板的半径为0.5m，中部横向、中部纵向隔板厚度均为0.16m；肋板厚度0.16mm；传动杆在隔板下面的高度为0.2m，传动杆的半径为0.05m；液舱高度0.5m；滑轨嵌入浮球球体内壁的厚度为0.03m，滑轨滚轮和浮块连接处突出0.01m；浮子的外径0.44m，内径0.1m。
浮球球体9采用防腐蚀防生物附着的镀层，液舱内液体选择为水。气体选择为氮气或者其他惰性气体。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种基于液舱晃荡原理的波浪能独立发电浮舱，其特征在于，该波浪能独立发电浮舱外形为扁球形浮球球体（9），沿其中间、圆周方向布置防撞垫（10）；波浪能独立发电浮舱的顶部安装有舱盖（6），在舱盖（6）与浮球球体（9）的接触处设置有垫圈（28）；在舱盖（6）上安装有信号灯（5）；在波浪能独立发电浮舱的顶部一侧安装有锚固环（3）与电缆插口（4）；四个注排沙阀门（7）沿圆周方向均匀布置在波浪能独立发电浮舱上部；
    该波浪能独立发电浮舱的内部包括功能舱与压载舱（16），功能舱位于波浪能独立发电浮舱内的中心区域，压载舱（16）位于功能舱以外的区域，功能舱与压载舱（16）之间被中部纵向隔板（12）分隔；功能舱包括发电舱（14）和液舱（15），发电舱（14）位于上部核心区域，液舱（15）位于下部核心区域，发电舱（14）和液舱（15）之间使用中部横向隔板（11）分隔；压载舱（16）被肋板（13）平均分隔成四个区域；
    液舱（15）用于安放浮子系统，浮子系统包括弹簧限位器（19）、N个浮块（20）、滑轨（21）、滑轮（22）；各个浮块（20）的形状、大小相同，其顶部均呈扇形，底部呈凹凸曲面；N个浮块（20）沿圆周方向均匀分布在液舱（15）内部，其通过滑轮（22）与中部纵向隔板（12）上内嵌的滑轨（21）连接，同时利用弹簧限位器（19）限制浮块（20）沿滑轨（21）的上下位移，并且每个浮块（20）之间留有工作间隙；浮块（20）的下部浸泡在液舱（15）内的液体中，上部暴露在液舱（15）内部的气体中；
    发电舱（14）用于安放能量转换系统，能量转换系统包括蓄电池（23）、蓄电池舱（24）、N个直线发电机（25）、导线（26）和整流器（27）；N个直线发电机（25）沿圆周方向均匀分布在中部横向隔板（11）的外周区域，其底部用螺栓与中部横向隔板（11）连接；中部横向隔板（11）的中心位置设置有蓄电池舱（24），蓄电池（23）与整流器（27）都包含于蓄电池舱（24）中，蓄电池（23）与整流器（27）的底部均用螺栓与中部横向隔板（11）连接；每个直线发电机（25）单独通过导线（26）与整流器（27）相连，整流器（27）再与蓄电池舱（24）中的蓄电池（23）相连；蓄电池（23）通过导线（26）分别与电缆插口（4）以及信号灯（5）相连；
    位于液舱（15）的浮子系统与位于发电舱（14）的能量转换系统使用传动系统相连，传动系统包括N根传动杆（17）和防水柔性布料（18）；传动杆（17）穿过中部横向隔板（11）并利用防水柔性布料（18）与中部横向隔板（11）连接；传动杆（17）下端连接浮块（20），上端连接直线发电机（25）；一根传动杆（17）对应连接一个浮块（20）和一个直线发电机（25）。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的波浪能独立发电浮舱，其特征在于，所述的浮块（20）、直线发电机（25）、传动杆（17）的数量N≥1，三者数量相同。
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