WO2023132113A1 - アンテナモジュール及び車両 - Google Patents

アンテナモジュール及び車両 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023132113A1
WO2023132113A1 PCT/JP2022/039126 JP2022039126W WO2023132113A1 WO 2023132113 A1 WO2023132113 A1 WO 2023132113A1 JP 2022039126 W JP2022039126 W JP 2022039126W WO 2023132113 A1 WO2023132113 A1 WO 2023132113A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
base end
artificial magnetic
magnetic conductor
unit cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2022/039126
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
祐太郎 三木
傑 山岸
一郎 桑山
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Wiring Systems Ltd
AutoNetworks Technologies Ltd
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Wiring Systems Ltd
AutoNetworks Technologies Ltd
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Wiring Systems Ltd, AutoNetworks Technologies Ltd, Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Wiring Systems Ltd
Priority to CN202280087015.9A priority Critical patent/CN118476125A/zh
Priority to US18/725,825 priority patent/US20250105528A1/en
Priority to JP2023572354A priority patent/JP7775897B2/ja
Priority to DE112022006324.6T priority patent/DE112022006324T5/de
Publication of WO2023132113A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023132113A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to antenna modules and vehicles. This application claims priority based on Japanese application No. 2022-001041 filed on January 6, 2022, and incorporates all the descriptions described in the Japanese application.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an antenna for a mobile communication system, which is mounted on a moving object such as a vehicle.
  • An antenna module is a plate-like antenna having an antenna mounted on a mounting surface and a first surface arranged adjacent to the antenna and having a plurality of first unit cells regularly arranged. and an artificial magnetic conductor having a base end adjacent to the antenna, the first surface extending from the base end along the mounting surface.
  • a vehicle which is an embodiment viewed from another point of view, includes a vehicle body, an antenna mounted on the upper surface of the vehicle body, an antenna mounted on the upper surface adjacent to the antenna, and a plurality of first unit cells.
  • a plate-shaped artificial magnetic conductor having a first surface arranged in a regular pattern, the artificial magnetic conductor having a base end adjacent to the antenna, the first surface extending from the base end extending along the top surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an antenna module according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. FIG. 2 is a plan view of an artificial magnetic conductor.
  • 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an antenna substrate according to the second embodiment.
  • 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6A is a perspective view showing an antenna module according to a modification
  • FIG. 6B is a perspective view showing an antenna module according to another modification
  • FIG. 7A is a perspective view showing the model used in the verification test.
  • FIG. 7B is a diagram of the model used in the verification test viewed along the Y direction.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the upper surface of the artificial magnetic conductor.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a model provided with an electromagnetic bandgap structure.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing directivity patterns of Examples 1, 2, and 3.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing directivity patterns of Examples 4, 5, and 6.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a directivity pattern of a comparative example.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the antenna and the roof.
  • the antenna may be mounted on the roof of the vehicle.
  • An antenna mounted on the roof receives radio waves from surrounding base stations and radiates radio waves toward the base stations. At this time, a partial dip may occur in the direction of relatively low elevation angle in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave.
  • Base stations are installed at heights of 10 m or more. Therefore, the antenna mounted on the vehicle needs to radiate radio waves in a range of elevation angles from several degrees to about 60 degrees. For this reason, a partial drop in the directivity pattern that occurs in a relatively low elevation angle direction may lead to a decrease in communication sensitivity with the base station. Therefore, it is necessary to suppress such a partial drop in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave as much as possible.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the antenna and the roof.
  • antenna 100 is mounted on roof 102 .
  • Antenna 100 has patch antenna elements 104 .
  • the patch antenna element 104 is installed obliquely upward at a predetermined elevation angle.
  • the roof 102 is made of a conductive material such as a steel plate
  • radio waves are radiated from the patch antenna element 104, in addition to the component (radiated wave) due to the radiation path (radiation path), the component (reflection wave) due to the reflection path (reflection path) waves) occur.
  • a radio wave (transmitting wave) radiated into space and received by a base station becomes a component (composite wave) in which the radiated wave and the reflected wave are combined.
  • the reflected wave has its phase inverted at the reflection point on the reflection path.
  • the radiated wave and the reflected wave in the transmission wave of the patch antenna element 104 have opposite phases due to the difference in path length between the radiated path and the reflected path and the above-described phase inversion. may cancel each other out.
  • partial attenuation occurs in the direction of a certain elevation angle, and that the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave of the antenna 100 partially falls.
  • the antenna module includes an antenna mounted on a mounting surface and a first unit cell arranged adjacent to the antenna and having a plurality of first unit cells arranged regularly.
  • a plate-shaped artificial magnetic conductor having a surface.
  • the artificial magnetic conductor has a base end adjacent to the antenna, and the first surface extends from the base end along the mounting surface.
  • An artificial magnetic conductor has reflection characteristics as a perfect magnetic conductor for incident waves within a specific frequency band. That is, if the frequency of the radio wave radiated from the antenna is within the specific frequency band, the phase of the reflected wave caused by the radio wave radiated from the antenna being reflected by the first surface of the artificial magnetic conductor is not reversed. In other words, the phase inversion at the reflection point on the reflection path is suppressed. Therefore, according to the above configuration, by providing an artificial magnetic conductor adjacent to the antenna, it is possible to suppress the reflected wave and the radiated wave from being in opposite phase by the reflection path having the point adjacent to the antenna as the reflection point. be able to. As a result, the partial attenuation of the radio wave radiated from the antenna is suppressed, and the partial drop occurring in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave in the antenna can be suppressed.
  • the artificial magnetic conductor is a first ground conductor layer and a first dielectric interposed between the plurality of first unit cells and the first ground conductor layer. and a dielectric layer, the electrical length from the boundary between the plurality of first unit cells and the first dielectric layer to the boundary between the first ground conductor layer and the first dielectric layer is 0. It is preferably 0.03 or more.
  • the plurality of first unit cells can be made smaller without changing the specific frequency band in which the artificial magnetic conductor has reflection characteristics as a perfect magnetic conductor, and the plurality of first unit cells can be arranged at a higher density. can be placed in
  • the artificial magnetic conductor has an outer end opposite to the base end, and the first surface extends from the base end
  • the ratio of the distance from the base end to the outer end to the vacuum wavelength of radio waves radiated from the antenna is 1 or more.
  • the distance from the base end to the outer end can be one wavelength or more of the radio waves radiated from the antenna.
  • the artificial magnetic conductor has an outer end opposite to the base end, and the first surface extends from the base end , When it extends to the outer end, it is preferable that the distance from the base end to the outer end is 10.7 mm or more.
  • the range of the artificial magnetic conductor can be appropriately set with respect to the reflection point of the reflection path when radio waves are radiated from the antenna, and the partial drop that occurs in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave can be reduced. can be effectively suppressed.
  • the antenna module when the antenna includes one or more patch antenna elements, when the first surface is viewed in plan, the one or more It is preferable that an imaginary vertical line extending from the radiation plane of the patch antenna element of (1) passes through the first plane.
  • the artificial magnetic conductor can be arranged at a position corresponding to the radiation direction of radio waves radiated by one or more patch antenna elements. Therefore, the position of an artificial magnetic conductor can be appropriately set with respect to the reflection point of a reflection path. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a partial drop in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave in the radiation direction.
  • the antenna includes a second ground conductor layer and a second dielectric layer interposed between the one or more patch antenna elements and the second ground conductor layer. and an electromagnetic bandgap structure surrounding the one or more patch antenna elements.
  • the shielding band of the electromagnetic bandgap structure so as to include the frequency of the radio wave emitted from the antenna, it is possible to further effectively suppress the partial drop that occurs in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave. can.
  • the frequency of radio waves transmitted and received by the antenna is 20 GHz or higher. In this case, the effect of suppressing phase reversal at the reflection point by the artificial magnetic conductor can be effectively obtained.
  • the mounting surface may be a roof surface of a vehicle.
  • Vehicle roofs are generally constructed of electrically conductive materials such as steel sheets. Therefore, by providing the artificial magnetic conductor so as to cover the roof, it is possible to suitably suppress the phase reversal at the reflection point in the reflection path. As a result, the partial attenuation of the radio wave radiated from the antenna is suppressed, and the partial drop occurring in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave in the antenna can be suppressed.
  • a vehicle which is an embodiment viewed from another point of view, includes a vehicle body, an antenna mounted on the upper surface of the vehicle body, an antenna mounted on the upper surface adjacent to the antenna, and a plurality of first unit cells.
  • a plate-shaped artificial magnetic conductor having a first surface arranged in a regular pattern, the artificial magnetic conductor having a base end adjacent to the antenna, the first surface extending from the base end extending along the top surface. Also in the above configuration, it is possible to suppress a partial drop in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave in the antenna.
  • the artificial magnetic conductor may be a separate body separated from the antenna. Also in this case, it is possible to suppress a partial drop occurring in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave in the antenna.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an antenna module according to a first embodiment;
  • the antenna module 1 is, for example, an antenna module used in mobile terminals of the fifth generation mobile communication system.
  • the Z direction is parallel to the vertical direction. Therefore, the XY plane is a horizontal plane.
  • the antenna module 1 is used by being mounted on the upper surface of a vehicle (body).
  • the upper surface of the vehicle includes the roof surface (ceiling surface), the upper surface of the trunk, the upper surface of the bonnet, and the like.
  • the antenna module 1 is shown mounted on the roof surface R of the vehicle.
  • the antenna module 1 has a function of transmitting and receiving radio waves from a base station outside the vehicle.
  • the antenna module 1 is used for communication connection between a communication device mounted on a vehicle and a mobile terminal in the vehicle and a base station.
  • Vehicles on which the antenna module 1 is mounted include passenger cars, buses, railway vehicles, and the like.
  • An antenna module 1 includes a base substrate 2 , an antenna 4 and a plurality of artificial magnetic conductors 6 .
  • the base substrate 2 is a rectangular substrate mounted on the roof surface R of the vehicle, and has an antenna 4 and a plurality of artificial magnetic conductors 6 attached thereto.
  • the base substrate 2 is a mounting member for mounting the antenna 4 upright on the roof surface R of the vehicle.
  • Antenna 4 is erected on roof surface R, which is a mounting surface.
  • the antenna 4 includes a plurality of (four in the illustrated example) antenna substrates 10 .
  • the four antenna substrates 10 have a plurality of (four in the illustrated example) patch antenna elements 12 .
  • the four antenna boards 10 are erected and fixed to the base board 2 along the four sides of the base board 2 .
  • the four antenna substrates 10 are provided so that each of the four patch antenna elements 12 faces outward.
  • the outward means a direction away from the center S of the base substrate 2
  • the inward means a direction approaching the center S of the base substrate 2 .
  • each antenna substrate 10 is capable of horizontal beam forming toward the outside.
  • each antenna substrate 10 can change the beam direction within a range of about 100 degrees in the azimuth direction.
  • Each antenna substrate 10 divides the entire circumference in the azimuth direction into four equal parts for beam formation. This allows the antenna 4 to direct the beam all around in the azimuth direction.
  • each antenna substrate 10 is inclined with respect to the base substrate 2 so that the front direction of the plurality of patch antenna elements 12 is directed obliquely upward.
  • the azimuth direction is the direction of rotation about an axis parallel to the Z direction (vertical direction).
  • radio waves in the frequency band of 3 to 10 GHz, quasi-millimeter waves in the frequency band of 27 to 30 GHz, or millimeter waves in the higher frequency band are used. More specifically, the radio wave emitted from the antenna substrate 10 is preferably 3 GHz or higher. It is more preferably 5 GHz or higher, and still more preferably 20 GHz or higher.
  • the upper limit of the frequency of radio waves emitted from the antenna substrate 10 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 300 GHz, preferably 200 GHz, more preferably 100 GHz, and even more preferably 50 GHz.
  • a plurality of (four in the example of the figure) artificial magnetic conductors 6 are rectangular plate-shaped members. Four artificial magnetic conductors 6 are provided along four sides of the base substrate 2 . Therefore, the four artificial magnetic conductors 6 are provided around the antenna 4 from the base end 4a of the antenna 4 . Four artificial magnetic conductors 6 are arranged adjacent to the antenna 4 . The four artificial magnetic conductors 6 extend away from the antenna 4 . More specifically, the four artificial magnetic conductors 6 extend outward from the base ends 10a of the four antenna substrates 10 . A base end portion 10 a of the antenna substrate 10 constitutes a base end portion 4 a of the antenna 4 .
  • the base end portions 6a of the four artificial magnetic conductors 6 and the base end portions 10a of the four antenna substrates 10 are connected. Therefore, the four artificial magnetic conductors 6 and the four antenna substrates 10 are integrally provided. In addition, the four artificial magnetic conductors 6 and the four antenna substrates 10 may be integrated or separated.
  • Four artificial magnetic conductors 6 are mounted on the roof surface R. The four artificial magnetic conductors 6 are provided so as to cover the antenna 4 on the roof surface R. As shown in FIG. More specifically, the four artificial magnetic conductors 6 are provided so as to cover the outside of the base end portions 10a of the four antenna substrates 10 .
  • the four artificial magnetic conductors 6 extend from the antenna 4 along the radiation direction of the antenna 4, as will be described later.
  • the base end portion 4a of the antenna 4 is the base end portion 4a of the antenna 4 when the antenna 4 is erected on the roof surface R, which is the installation surface, or a surface facing the same direction as the roof surface R. means the root part. More specifically, the base end portion 4a of the antenna 4 is the root portion of the antenna substrate 10 in the case where the antenna substrate 10 stands up against the upper surface of the artificial magnetic conductor 6 or the roof surface R, or the antenna substrate 10. It means the portion where the plane along the radiation surface of the patch antenna element 12 and the upper surface of the artificial magnetic conductor 6 or the roof surface R intersect.
  • the four artificial magnetic conductors 6 are members configured as so-called metamaterials.
  • a metamaterial is a structure in which a plurality of constituent elements are regularly arranged, and has electromagnetic properties that cannot be realized with conventional materials.
  • the AMC 6 has reflection characteristics as a perfect magnetic conductor with respect to radio waves incident on the AMC 6 from space. If the frequency of the incident wave is within a specific frequency band, the AMC 6 has the reflective properties of a substantially perfect magnetic conductor. Therefore, when radio waves within a specific frequency band are incident on the AMC 6, the phase of the incident wave and the phase of the reflected wave are substantially the same.
  • the specific frequency band refers to the frequency band of incident waves in which the AMC 6 functions substantially as a perfect magnetic conductor.
  • the AMC 6 shown in FIG. 1 is exposed to the outside, the AMC 6 may be covered with a cover made of resin or the like. In this case, AMC 6 is protected from the external environment.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the AMC 6, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. Note that FIG. 3 also shows a cross section of the antenna substrate 10 in addition to the cross section of the AMC 6 .
  • the AMC 6 includes a plurality of first unit cells 20, a first ground conductor layer 22, a first dielectric layer 24, and a plurality of first vias 26.
  • the first dielectric layer 24 is interposed between the plurality of first unit cells 20 and the first ground conductor layer 22 .
  • the first dielectric layer 24 is a rectangular dielectric substrate.
  • a plurality of first unit cells 20 are provided on the upper surface 24 a of the first dielectric layer 24 .
  • a first ground conductor layer 22 is provided on the lower surface 24 b of the first dielectric layer 24 .
  • the first ground conductor layer 22 is a plate-like member made of a conductor such as copper.
  • the first ground conductor layer 22 is provided over substantially the entire lower surface 24b.
  • the multiple first unit cells 20 are plate-shaped members made of a conductor such as copper.
  • the outer shape of the first unit cell 20 is hexagonal when viewed from the Z direction.
  • the plurality of first unit cells 20 are regularly arranged on the upper surface 24a.
  • the plurality of first unit cells 20 are arranged with gaps g1 between them. Gap g1 is preferably uniform.
  • the plurality of first unit cells 20 are provided over the entire upper surface 24a. Therefore, the first surface 6c of the AMC 6 includes the upper surface 24a of the first dielectric layer 24 and the plurality of first unit cells 20.
  • a plurality of first unit cells 20 are regularly arranged on the first surface 6c.
  • the AMC 6 is arranged on the roof surface R. Therefore, the first surface 6c is a surface facing upward in the same direction as the roof surface R.
  • the 1st surface 6c is extended along the roof surface R from the base end part 6a (base end part 10a of the antenna board 10) of the artificial magnetic conductor 6.
  • being regularly arranged means that there is regularity in the positional relationship and gaps of the plurality of first unit cells 20, and as described above, the state in which the first unit cells 20 are aligned and arranged with a certain gap.
  • the AMC 6 has the aforementioned base end 6a and an outer edge 6b (outer end).
  • the base end portion 6a is a side or edge adjacent to the antenna 4 (antenna substrate 10).
  • the outer edge 6b is the edge (or side) opposite to the base end 6a.
  • the base end portion 6a is connected to the base end portion 10a of the antenna substrate 10 as described above.
  • the first surface 6c extends from the base end 6a of the AMC 6 to the outer edge 6b. Note that the base end portion 6a is adjacent to the antenna 4, in addition to the case where the base end portion 6a is in direct contact with and connected to the antenna substrate 10, as will be described later, the base end portion 6a is between the antenna substrate 10 and the antenna substrate 10.
  • the outer shape of the first unit cell 20 is preferably a regular hexagon, but may be a square or other polygon.
  • the first unit cells 20 can be arranged with a higher density than in the case of a square shape.
  • the outer shape of the first unit cell 20 may include curved portions and uneven shapes.
  • the multiple first vias 26 are columnar members made of a conductor such as copper. Each of the multiple first vias 26 connects the first unit cell 20 and the first ground conductor layer 22 . Thus, the first via 26 penetrates between the upper surface 24a and the lower surface 24b of the first dielectric layer 24. As shown in FIG.
  • the first via 26 may be provided as a through hole.
  • a structure having a plurality of first unit cells 20 and a plurality of first vias 26 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is called a mushroom structure.
  • the AMC 6 functions as a perfect magnetic conductor when the frequency of the incident wave incident on the first surface 6c is within a specific frequency band. Therefore, in this case, if the frequency of the radio wave radiated from the antenna substrate 10 (antenna 4) is within the specific frequency band, the phase of the reflected wave caused by the radio wave radiated from the patch antenna element 12 being reflected by the artificial magnetic conductor is not reversed. Therefore, the specific frequency band of the AMC 6 of this embodiment is set so as to include the frequency of radio waves radiated from the antenna substrate 10 .
  • the antenna substrate 10 includes four patch antenna elements 12 as well as a second ground conductor layer 30 and a second dielectric layer 32 .
  • a second dielectric layer 32 is interposed between the four patch antenna elements 12 and the second ground conductor layer 30 .
  • the second dielectric layer 32 is a rectangular dielectric substrate.
  • Four patch antenna elements 12 are provided on the second surface 32 a of the second dielectric layer 32 .
  • a second ground conductor layer 30 is provided on the third surface 32 b of the second dielectric layer 32 .
  • the third surface 32b is the opposite surface of the second surface 32a.
  • the second ground conductor layer 30 is a plate-shaped member made of a conductor such as copper.
  • the second ground conductor layer 30 is provided over substantially the entire third surface 32b.
  • the patch antenna element 12 is a plate-shaped member made of a conductor such as copper. That is, patch antenna element 12 is a planar antenna element.
  • the patch antenna element 12 has a feeding point (not shown) for horizontal polarization and a feeding point (not shown) for vertical polarization. Signals are applied to both feeding points from the outside through vias (not shown) penetrating the second dielectric layer 32 and the second ground conductor layer 30, for example.
  • the patch antenna element 12 radiates a radio wave having vertical polarization.
  • the patch antenna element 12 radiates radio waves having horizontal polarization.
  • the antenna substrate 10 is provided on the base substrate 2 in a state inclined with respect to the Z direction so that the patch antenna element 12 faces obliquely upward.
  • An imaginary vertical line B extending from the radiation surface 12a of the patch antenna element 12 passes over the AMC6.
  • Each of imaginary vertical lines B extending from the radiation planes of the four patch antenna elements 12 passes over the AMC 6 . That is, as shown in FIG. 2, when the first surface 6c of the AMC 6 is viewed from above, the imaginary vertical line B passes through the first surface 6c.
  • a virtual vertical line B indicates the radiation direction of radio waves emitted from the radiation surface 12a. Therefore, AMC 6 extends along the radiation direction of patch antenna element 12 .
  • a virtual vertical line B extending in the radial direction from the radiation surface 12a of the patch antenna element 12 is inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the horizontal plane.
  • the angle ⁇ indicates the elevation angle (angle with respect to the horizontal plane) of the radiation direction of the patch antenna element 12 .
  • the antenna module 1 of the present embodiment transmits and receives radio waves to and from a base station positioned within an elevation angle range of 3 to 60 degrees. Therefore, the angle ⁇ is preferably 15 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less, more preferably 25 degrees or more and 35 degrees or less.
  • the angle ⁇ in the patch antenna element 12 of this embodiment is, for example, 30 degrees.
  • the antenna substrate 10 and the AMC 6 are connected via the bent portion 16 .
  • the bent portion 16 connects the base end portion 10 a of the antenna substrate 10 and the base end portion 6 a of the artificial magnetic conductor 6 .
  • the first dielectric layer 24, the first ground conductor layer 22, the second dielectric layer 32, and the second ground conductor layer 30 are formed by folding one dielectric substrate on which the ground conductor layer is formed. is formed. Therefore, the first dielectric layer 24 and the second dielectric layer 32 are connected. Also, the first ground conductor layer 22 and the second ground conductor layer 30 are connected.
  • the artificial magnetic conductor 6 and the antenna substrate 10 can be formed using a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate.
  • the flexibility of the artificial magnetic conductor 6 and the antenna substrate 10 can be enhanced.
  • the formation of the bent portion 16 is facilitated.
  • the first dielectric layer 24 and the second dielectric layer 32 are formed using polyimide, liquid crystal polymer, PPE resin, fluorine resin, or the like.
  • a component (reflected wave) due to a reflected path is generated in addition to a component (radiated wave) due to the radiation path, as described above.
  • a radio wave radiated into space and received by a base station becomes a component (composite wave) in which the radiated wave and the reflected wave are combined.
  • the reflected wave undergoes a phase inversion at the reflection point on the reflection path. Therefore, the radiated wave and the reflected wave in the transmission wave radiated from the patch antenna element 12 may cancel each other out.
  • partial attenuation occurs in the direction of a certain elevation angle, causing a partial drop in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave on the antenna substrate 10 .
  • the phase of the reflected wave caused by the radio waves radiated from the antenna substrate 10 being reflected by the first surface 6c of the AMC 6 is not reversed. In other words, the phase inversion at the reflection point on the reflection path is suppressed. Therefore, according to the above configuration, by providing the AMC 6 adjacently around the antenna 4, it is possible to prevent the phases of the reflected wave and the radiated wave from being opposite to each other due to the reflected path whose reflection point is the point around the antenna 4. can be suppressed. As a result, the partial attenuation of the radio wave (transmission wave) radiated from the antenna substrate 10 is suppressed, and the partial dip occurring in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave on the antenna substrate 10 can be suppressed.
  • the virtual vertical line B extending in the radial direction from the radiation surface 12a of the patch antenna element 12 is aligned with the first surface 6c of the AMC 6. is passing through Therefore, the AMC 6 can be arranged at a position corresponding to the radiation direction of radio waves radiated by the patch antenna element 12 . Therefore, the position of the AMC 6 can be appropriately set with respect to the reflection point of the reflection path. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a partial drop in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave in the radiation direction.
  • the dimension from the base end portion 6a to the outer edge 6b of the AMC 6 should be appropriately set so that the position of the reflection point of the reflection path when radio waves are radiated from the antenna substrate 10 is included in the range of the AMC. is preferred.
  • the outer edge 6b of the AMC 6 is also the outer edge of the first surface 6c.
  • the ratio P of the distance L from the base end portion 6a of the AMC 6 (the base end portion 10a of the antenna substrate 10) to the outer edge 6b of the AMC 6 (first surface 6c) with respect to the vacuum wavelength ⁇ 0 is 1 or more.
  • the ratio P of the distance L from the base end portion 6a of the AMC 6 (the base end portion 10a of the antenna substrate 10) to the outer edge 6b of the AMC 6 (first surface 6c) with respect to the vacuum wavelength ⁇ 0 is 1 or more.
  • the distance L from the base end portion 6a to the outer edge 6b can be made equal to or greater than one wavelength of the radio waves radiated from the antenna substrate 10.
  • FIG. 1 the range of the AMC 6 can be appropriately set with respect to the reflection point of the reflection path when radio waves are radiated from the antenna substrate 10, and the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave in the patch antenna element 12 The resulting partial depression can be more effectively suppressed.
  • the ratio P is more preferably 1.5 or more, and even more preferably 1.8 or more. This makes it possible to more effectively suppress a partial drop in the directivity of patch antenna element 12 .
  • the ratio P is represented by the following formula (1).
  • the distance L is the distance from the base end portion 6a of the AMC 6 (the base end portion 10a of the antenna substrate 10) to the outer edge 6b of the AMC 6.
  • the vacuum wavelength ⁇ 0 is determined according to the wavelength of radio waves radiated from the antenna substrate 10 (antenna 4). For example, when the frequency of radio waves radiated from the antenna substrate 10 is 28 GHz, the vacuum wavelength ⁇ 0 is 10.7 mm, and the distance L is 10.7 mm, the ratio P is 1. Therefore, when the frequency of radio waves radiated from the antenna substrate 10 is 28 GHz, the distance L is preferably 10.7 mm or more.
  • the distance L is more preferably 16 mm or more, and even more preferably 19 mm or more.
  • the upper limit of the ratio P is not particularly limited, it is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 10 or less, for example.
  • the upper limit of the distance L is preferably 214 mm or less, more preferably 107 mm or less.
  • the electrical length between is preferably 0.03 or more.
  • the plurality of first unit cells 20 can be made smaller without changing the specific frequency band of the AMC 6, and the plurality of first unit cells 20 can be arranged at a higher density.
  • the lower limit of the electrical length between the first unit cells 20 and the first ground conductor layer 22 is preferably 0.05, more preferably 0.1, and more preferably 0.15. is more preferred.
  • the upper limit of the electrical length between the plurality of first unit cells 20 and the first ground conductor layer 22 is preferably 1, more preferably 0.7, and further preferably 0.5. It is preferably 0.3, more preferably 0.2.
  • the electrical length is preferably selected in a range that is equal to or less than one upper limit selected from the plurality of upper limits described above and equal to or greater than one lower limit selected from the plurality of lower limits described above.
  • the electrical length is defined by the thickness (physical length) t1 of the first dielectric layer 24, the vacuum wavelength ⁇ 0, and the dielectric constant ⁇ r.
  • the electrical length is represented by the following formula (2).
  • the vacuum wavelength ⁇ 0 is 10.7 mm
  • the thickness t1 of the first dielectric layer 24 is 0.5 mm
  • the thickness t1 of the first dielectric layer 24 is 0.5 mm.
  • the electrical length from the plurality of first unit cells 20 to the first ground conductor layer 22 is 0.899. In this case, the electrical length is 0.03 or more.
  • the thickness t1 of the first dielectric layer 24 is 0.17 mm. It is preferable that it is above. In this case, the electrical length is 0.03 or more.
  • the specific frequency band is determined by the structure of AMC6.
  • the length of the diagonal of the first unit cell 20 (the diameter of the circumscribed circle), the gap g1, the diameter of the first via 26, etc. are determined in consideration of the thickness t1 of the first dielectric layer 24 and the dielectric constant.
  • the specific frequency band is appropriately adjusted so as to include the frequency of radio waves radiated from the antenna substrate 10 .
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the antenna substrate 10 according to the second embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV in FIG.
  • the antenna module 1 of this embodiment differs from that of the first embodiment in that an antenna substrate 10 is provided with an electromagnetic bandgap structure 40 .
  • An Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure (hereinafter also referred to as an EBG structure 40 ) includes a plurality of second unit cells 42 and a plurality of second vias 44 .
  • a plurality of second unit cells 42 are provided on the second surface 32 a of the second dielectric layer 32 .
  • the multiple second unit cells 42 are plate-shaped members made of a conductor such as copper.
  • the outer shape of the second unit cell 42 is hexagonal when viewed from the front.
  • the plurality of first unit cells 20 are regularly arranged on the second surface 32a.
  • the plurality of second unit cells 42 are arranged with gaps g2 between them. Gap g2 is preferably uniform.
  • the outer shape of the second unit cell 42 is preferably a regular hexagon, but may be a square or other polygon.
  • the outer shape of the second unit cells 42 is a regular hexagon, the second unit cells 42 can be arranged with a higher density than in the case of a square shape.
  • the outer shape of the second unit cell 42 may include a curved portion or an uneven shape.
  • the plurality of second vias 44 are columnar members made of a conductor such as copper. Each of the plurality of second vias 44 connects the second unit cell 42 and the second ground conductor layer 30 . Therefore, the second via 44 penetrates between the second surface 32 a and the third surface 32 b of the second dielectric layer 32 .
  • the plurality of second vias 44 may be provided as through holes.
  • This EBG structure 40 also has a mushroom structure like AMC6.
  • the EBG structure 40 has the property of shielding radio waves in a certain frequency band. That is, the EBG structure 40 has a frequency band (blocking band) that can block radio waves.
  • the shielding band of the EBG structure 40 of this embodiment is set so as to include the frequency of radio waves radiated from the antenna substrate 10 . Therefore, both the specific frequency band of the AMC 6 and the shielding band of the EBG structure 40 include the frequency of radio waves radiated from the antenna substrate 10 .
  • the antenna surface 10 b of the antenna substrate 10 is provided with non-placement regions 46 for the plurality of second unit cells 42 .
  • the non-arrangement area 46 refers to an area provided by not arranging the second unit cell 42 in a place where the second unit cell 42 is to be arranged in the antenna surface 10b.
  • a non-arrangement region 46 in FIG. 4 is provided by not arranging seven unit cells 42 . Therefore, the non-arrangement area 46 is outside the arrangement range of the EBG structure 40 on the antenna surface 10b.
  • the four patch antenna elements 12 are arranged in the non-arrangement area 46 .
  • the EBG structure 40 surrounds the entire perimeter of each of the four patch antenna elements 12 .
  • the EBG structure 40 is provided between four patch antenna elements 12 .
  • the surface wave mode is a mode in which radio waves radiated from the patch antenna element 12 propagate through the ground.
  • the EBG structure 40 suppresses the propagation of the surface waves radiated from the four patch antenna elements 12 because the shielding band of the EBG structure 40 includes the frequencies of the radio waves radiated from the antenna 4 .
  • the antenna substrate 10 since the antenna substrate 10 has the EBG structure 40 , it is possible to more effectively suppress a partial drop occurring in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave in the patch antenna element 12 .
  • the thickness t2 of the second dielectric layer 32 that is, the electrical length from the plurality of first unit cells 20 to the first ground conductor layer 22 is preferably 0.03 or more.
  • the plurality of second unit cells 42 can be made smaller without changing the shielding band of the EBG structure 40, and the plurality of second unit cells 42 can be arranged at a higher density.
  • the case where four rectangular plate-shaped AMCs 6 are used is exemplified.
  • the AMC 6 is provided partially around the antenna 4 so as to correspond to the element 12
  • the AMC 6 need not be provided around the entire circumference of the antenna 4.
  • the antenna 4 may be provided on the upper surface 50a of the disk-shaped substrate 50, and one AMC 6 may be provided around the antenna 4 on the upper surface 50a.
  • the AMC 6 includes the plurality of first unit cells 20, the first ground conductor layer 22, the first dielectric layer 24, and the plurality of first vias 26 is exemplified.
  • the AMC 6 can also have a structure in which the plurality of first unit cells 20 are regularly arranged in the first dielectric layer 24 without providing the plurality of first vias 26 .
  • each antenna substrate 10 is provided with a plurality of patch antenna elements 12 , but each antenna substrate 10 may be provided with at least one patch antenna element 12 .
  • the antenna 4 includes four antenna substrates 10. However, for example, five or more antenna substrates 10 may be arranged facing outward. Also, the antenna 4 may include at least one antenna substrate 10 .
  • the antenna 4 includes the patch antenna element 12, which is a planar antenna (patch antenna), but the antenna 4 may include other types of antennas such as dipoles. good too. Furthermore, the antenna 4 may be a columnar antenna.
  • the case where the antenna substrate 10 and the AMC 6 are connected by the bent portion 16 is illustrated, but the antenna substrate 10 and the AMC 6 may be separated.
  • the AMC 6 can be configured separately from the antenna 4 without including the AMC 6 and the antenna 4 in one module.
  • the vehicle includes an antenna 4 mounted on the roof surface R and an AMC 6 mounted on the roof surface R adjacent to the antenna 4.
  • the AMC 6 is configured as a separate body separated from the antenna 4 without configuring a module with the antenna 4 .
  • FIG. 7A is a perspective view showing the model used in the verification test.
  • the directivity pattern of the horizontal polarization and the vertical polarization when radio waves are radiated from the patch antenna element 12 The directivity pattern was obtained by simulation.
  • the AMC 6 is arranged on a ground plane G parallel to the XY plane and having an infinite width.
  • the width dimension W of the side of the AMC 6 parallel to the Y direction was set to 50 mm.
  • Five values were set for the distance L between the sides of the AMC 6 parallel to the X direction by moving the position of the outer edge 6b along the X direction.
  • the center position of the antenna substrate 10 (patch antenna element 12) in the Y direction coincides with the center position of the AMC 6 in the Y direction.
  • FIG. 7B is a diagram of the model used in the verification test viewed along the Y direction.
  • the antenna substrate 10 is arranged above the ground plane G while being inclined with respect to the Z direction.
  • the antenna substrate 10 is arranged along a straight line P2 inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the straight line P1.
  • the straight line P1 and the straight line P2 pass through the point C on the ground plane G.
  • Point C coincides with the base end portion 6a of the AMC6.
  • the point C where the ground plane G intersects the straight line P2 was used as the base end portion of the antenna substrate 10 .
  • the straight line P1 is parallel to the Z direction.
  • the angle ⁇ was set to 30 degrees.
  • the elevation angle of the radiation direction of the patch antenna element 12 is set to 30 degrees.
  • the height H from the ground plane G to the center of the patch antenna element 12 in the Z direction was set to 8.1 mm.
  • the shape of the patch antenna element 12 was a square with a side of 2.5 mm. Further, the frequency of radio waves radiated from the patch antenna element 12 was set to 28 GHz.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the first surface 6c of the AMC6.
  • the specific frequency band of AMC6 used for the model was a frequency band including 28 GHz. More specifically, the diameter D1 of the circumscribed circle of the first unit cell 20 of the AMC 6 was set to 1.65 mm, the gap g1 was set to 0.2 mm, and the diameter D2 of the first via 26 was set to 0.3 mm. Also, the dielectric constant ⁇ r of the first dielectric layer 24 of the AMC 6 was set to 3.7, the dielectric loss tangent was set to 0.005, and the thickness t1 of the first dielectric layer 24 was set to 0.5 mm. Also, the thickness of the first unit cell 20 and the first ground conductor layer 22 was set to 30 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 9 a model in which an EBG structure 40 is provided around the patch antenna element 12 was also used.
  • the model shown in FIG. 9 is the same as the model described above except that the EBG structure 40 is provided around the patch antenna element 12 .
  • the shielding band of the EBG structure 40 is a band including 28 GHz, and the setting of the second unit cell, the second via, the second dielectric layer, etc. of the EBG structure 40 is the same as that of the AMC6.
  • Example 1 Seven rows of first unit cells 20 were arranged in the X direction from the base end portion 6a. In this case, the distance L is 10.1 mm (proportion P0.94).
  • Example 2 Nine rows of first unit cells 20 were arranged in the X direction from the base end portion 6a. In this case, the distance L is 12.9 mm (proportion P1.2).
  • Example 3 Eleven rows of first unit cells 20 were arranged in the X direction from the base end portion 6a. In this case, the distance L is 15.8 mm (proportion P1.48).
  • Example 4 13 rows of first unit cells 20 were arranged in the X direction from the base end portion 6a.
  • the distance L is 18.6 mm (proportion P1.73).
  • Example 5 33 rows of first unit cells 20 were arranged in the X direction from the base end portion 6a. In this case, the distance L is 47.4 mm (ratio P4.43).
  • Example 6 33 rows of first unit cells 20 were arranged in the X direction from the base end portion 6a. In this case, the distance L is 47.4 mm (ratio P4.43).
  • an EBG structure 40 is provided around the patch antenna element 12 . Comparative example: AMC6 was not placed.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing directivity patterns of Examples 1, 2, and 3.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing directivity patterns of Examples 4, 5, and 6.
  • FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a directivity pattern of a comparative example.
  • the direction of 0 degrees is the X direction (the direction indicated by the arrow in the X direction in FIG. 7), and the directions of 90 degrees and ⁇ 90 degrees are the Y direction. is the direction.
  • the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave shows the directivity pattern in the XZ plane passing through the center of the radiation surface of the patch antenna element 12.
  • FIG. That is, the directivity pattern of this vertical polarization indicates the directivity pattern of the vertical polarization in the radiation direction.
  • the direction of 0 degrees is the Z direction (the direction indicated by the arrow in the Z direction in FIG. 7)
  • the direction of 90 degrees is the X direction (the arrow in the X direction in FIG. direction).
  • the maximum gain is obtained near an angle of about 60 degrees. This is because the elevation angle of the patch antenna element 12 is set to 30 degrees.
  • a depression occurs in a portion where the elevation angle is lower than the maximum gain portion.
  • the drop portion is a portion where the gain is remarkably lowered even though it is in the vicinity of the maximum gain portion.
  • Examples 1 to 5 Looking at the directivity patterns of the vertically polarized waves in Examples 1 to 5 (FIGS. 10 and 11), it can be seen that the maximum gain and It's becoming The depressions in the directivity patterns of the vertically polarized waves of Examples 1 to 5 are smaller in degree than the depressions of the comparative example, and an improvement can be seen. Remarkable improvement is observed in Examples 2 to 5. Also, as the distance L increases (as the number of rows increases), the degree of depression of the depressed portion decreases. In particular, it can be seen that the depressed portion of Example 5 is only slightly depressed, and there is no great difference from the maximum gain portion. Note that there is no significant difference between the horizontal polarization directivity patterns of Examples 1 to 5 and the horizontal polarization directivity pattern of the comparative example.
  • Example 6 the directivity pattern of the vertical polarization of Example 5 and the directivity pattern of the vertical polarization of Example 6 were compared.
  • the directivity pattern of the vertical polarization of Example 5 a slight depression is observed, while in the directivity pattern of the vertical polarization of Example 6, almost no depression is observed. From this, it can be seen that by arranging the EBG structure 40 around the patch antenna element 12, it is possible to further effectively suppress the partial drop occurring in the directivity pattern of the vertically polarized wave.
  • Example 6 only the surface where the AMC 6 included in the model is arranged and is in contact with the AMC 6 is the ground plane G, and the space around the AMC 6 is used, so the gain wraparound occurs on the lower surface side of the AMC 6.
  • antenna module 2 base substrate 4 antenna 4a base end 6 artificial magnetic conductor 6a base end 6b outer edge (outer end) 6c First surface 10
  • Electromagnetic bandgap structure 42 Second unit cell 44 Second via 46 Non-layout region 50
  • Patch antenna Element B Virtual vertical line D1 Diameter D2 Diameter G Ground plane H Height L Distance P1 Straight line P2 Straight line R Roof S Center W Width g1 Gap g2 Gap t1 Thickness t2 Thickness ⁇ Angle ⁇ Angle

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
PCT/JP2022/039126 2022-01-06 2022-10-20 アンテナモジュール及び車両 Ceased WO2023132113A1 (ja)

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CN202280087015.9A CN118476125A (zh) 2022-01-06 2022-10-20 天线模块和车辆
US18/725,825 US20250105528A1 (en) 2022-01-06 2022-10-20 Antenna module and vehicle
JP2023572354A JP7775897B2 (ja) 2022-01-06 2022-10-20 アンテナモジュール及び車両
DE112022006324.6T DE112022006324T5 (de) 2022-01-06 2022-10-20 Antennenmodul und Fahrzeug

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CN118476125A (zh) 2024-08-09

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