WO2023126375A1 - Marking composition for application on a sports projectile - Google Patents
Marking composition for application on a sports projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023126375A1 WO2023126375A1 PCT/EP2022/087826 EP2022087826W WO2023126375A1 WO 2023126375 A1 WO2023126375 A1 WO 2023126375A1 EP 2022087826 W EP2022087826 W EP 2022087826W WO 2023126375 A1 WO2023126375 A1 WO 2023126375A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- marking
- marking composition
- polysorbate
- sorbitan
- projectile
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004147 Sorbitan trioleate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N Sorbitan trioleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019337 sorbitan trioleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960000391 sorbitan trioleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- CUNWUEBNSZSNRX-RKGWDQTMSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5s)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol;(z)-octadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O CUNWUEBNSZSNRX-RKGWDQTMSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001219 Polysorbate 40 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002642 Polysorbate 65 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002651 Polysorbate 85 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N Sorbitan monopalmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJCWFDPJFXGQBN-RYNSOKOISA-N [(2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-octadecanoyloxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-octadecanoyloxyethyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IJCWFDPJFXGQBN-RYNSOKOISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000249 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010483 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001818 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010989 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001816 polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010988 polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940068977 polysorbate 20 Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940101027 polysorbate 40 Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940113124 polysorbate 60 Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940099511 polysorbate 65 Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940113171 polysorbate 85 Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940068965 polysorbates Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001590 sorbitan monolaureate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011067 sorbitan monolaureate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001570 sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011071 sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940031953 sorbitan monopalmitate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960005078 sorbitan sesquioleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001589 sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011078 sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004129 sorbitan tristearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- CNGYZEMWVAWWOB-VAWYXSNFSA-N 5-[[4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-[(e)-2-[4-[[4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-sulfophenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound N=1C(NC=2C=C(C(\C=C\C=3C(=CC(NC=4N=C(N=C(NC=5C=CC=CC=5)N=4)N(CCO)CCO)=CC=3)S(O)(=O)=O)=CC=2)S(O)(=O)=O)=NC(N(CCO)CCO)=NC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 CNGYZEMWVAWWOB-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- NSMMFSKPGXCMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-sulfophenyl)ethenyl]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O NSMMFSKPGXCMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- AFYCEAFSNDLKSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin 460 Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C21 AFYCEAFSNDLKSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ORACIQIJMCYPHQ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 2-[4-[(e)-2-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]ethenyl]phenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C3=CC=C(C=C3)/C=C/C=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3OC4=CC=CC=C4N=3)=NC2=C1 ORACIQIJMCYPHQ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UGFSLKRMHPGLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C3=CC=C(S3)C=3OC4=CC=CC=C4N=3)=NC2=C1 UGFSLKRMHPGLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- WFYSPVCBIJCZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2O1 WFYSPVCBIJCZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 4
- KIAAMJMIIHTGBH-KQQUZDAGSA-N 4-[(e)-2-[4-[(e)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)ethenyl]phenyl]ethenyl]benzonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1\C=C\C(C=C1)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 KIAAMJMIIHTGBH-KQQUZDAGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VKRZNAWSCAUDRQ-BQYQJAHWSA-N 5-methyl-2-[(e)-2-(5-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2OC(/C=C/C=3OC4=CC=C(C=C4N=3)C)=NC2=C1 VKRZNAWSCAUDRQ-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AIXZBGVLNVRQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-tert-butyl-2-[5-(5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C2OC(C3=CC=C(S3)C=3OC4=CC=C(C=C4N=3)C(C)(C)C)=NC2=C1 AIXZBGVLNVRQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- CPZFDTYTCMAAQX-MBCFVHIPSA-J tetrasodium;5-[[4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-(4-sulfonatoanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-[(e)-2-[4-[[4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-(4-sulfonatoanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-sulfonatophenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].N=1C(NC=2C=C(C(\C=C\C=3C(=CC(NC=4N=C(N=C(NC=5C=CC(=CC=5)S([O-])(=O)=O)N=4)N(CCO)CCO)=CC=3)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)=NC(N(CCO)CCO)=NC=1NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 CPZFDTYTCMAAQX-MBCFVHIPSA-J 0.000 description 4
- HZAWHDJKNZWAAR-YHARCJFQSA-N 1-methoxy-2-[(e)-2-[4-[4-[(e)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenyl]phenyl]ethenyl]benzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(\C=C\C=3C(=CC=CC=3)OC)=CC=2)C=C1 HZAWHDJKNZWAAR-YHARCJFQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SQAKQVFOMMLRPR-IWGRKNQJSA-N 2-[(e)-2-[4-[4-[(e)-2-(2-sulfophenyl)ethenyl]phenyl]phenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(\C=C\C=3C(=CC=CC=3)S(O)(=O)=O)=CC=2)C=C1 SQAKQVFOMMLRPR-IWGRKNQJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZTHUHAJEZPWNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC=C1N1N=C(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CC1 VZTHUHAJEZPWNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CNUWYNDMLFVRBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-2-methylbenzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)C2=CC=CC3=C2C1=CC=C3OC CNUWYNDMLFVRBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- PMPJQLCPEQFEJW-HPKCLRQXSA-L disodium;2-[(e)-2-[4-[4-[(e)-2-(2-sulfonatophenyl)ethenyl]phenyl]phenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(\C=C\C=3C(=CC=CC=3)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)C=C1 PMPJQLCPEQFEJW-HPKCLRQXSA-L 0.000 description 3
- HIMNALZNLAOESZ-YHPRVSEPSA-L disodium;5-[[4-anilino-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-[(e)-2-[4-[[4-anilino-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-sulfonatophenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].N=1C(NC=2C=C(C(\C=C\C=3C(=CC(NC=4N=C(NC=5C=CC=CC=5)N=C(NCCO)N=4)=CC=3)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)=NC(NCCO)=NC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 HIMNALZNLAOESZ-YHPRVSEPSA-L 0.000 description 3
- VCVLWUCCHFGCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;7-(diethylamino)-4-methylchromen-2-one;sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CC1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C21 VCVLWUCCHFGCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZECOZQHKQDLCBT-IRTUOLCXSA-H hexasodium;2-[[4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-[4-[(e)-2-[4-[[4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-(2,5-disulfonatoanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-sulfonatophenyl]ethenyl]-3-sulfonatoanilino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]benzene-1,4-disulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].N=1C(NC=2C(=CC=C(C=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=NC(N(CCO)CCO)=NC=1NC(C=C1S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C1\C=C\C(C(=C1)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C1NC(N=C(N=1)N(CCO)CCO)=NC=1NC1=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O ZECOZQHKQDLCBT-IRTUOLCXSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PCNRQYHSJVEIGH-ASTDGNLGSA-M sodium;5-benzo[e]benzotriazol-2-yl-2-[(e)-2-phenylethenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(N2N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=N2)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 PCNRQYHSJVEIGH-ASTDGNLGSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- FUFMEQTUGKXEQF-YZNHWISSSA-J tetrasodium 5-[[4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-(3-sulfonatoanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-[(E)-2-[4-[[4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-(3-sulfonatoanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-sulfonatophenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].N=1C(NC=2C=C(C(\C=C\C=3C(=CC(NC=4N=C(N=C(NC=5C=C(C=CC=5)S([O-])(=O)=O)N=4)N(CCO)CCO)=CC=3)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)=NC(N(CCO)CCO)=NC=1NC1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 FUFMEQTUGKXEQF-YZNHWISSSA-J 0.000 description 3
- UZBIRLJMURQVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrasulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 UZBIRLJMURQVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- RBABXJPJIHMBBP-WXUKJITCSA-N 2-[(e)-2-[4-[(e)-2-(2-cyanophenyl)ethenyl]phenyl]ethenyl]benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C(C=C1)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1C#N RBABXJPJIHMBBP-WXUKJITCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQVQNTRMZCGXIB-ICYHVJMASA-N 2-[(e)-2-[4-[(e)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)ethenyl]phenyl]ethenyl]benzonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1\C=C\C(C=C1)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1C#N OQVQNTRMZCGXIB-ICYHVJMASA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOTPOQQKAUOHRO-BQYQJAHWSA-N 2-[4-[(e)-2-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]ethenyl]phenyl]-5-methyl-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C3=CC=C(C=C3)/C=C/C3=CC=C(C=C3)C=3OC4=CC=C(C=C4N=3)C)=NC2=C1 SOTPOQQKAUOHRO-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKEZAUMKBWTTCR-AATRIKPKSA-N 5-methyl-2-[4-[(e)-2-[4-(5-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]ethenyl]phenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2OC(C3=CC=C(C=C3)/C=C/C3=CC=C(C=C3)C=3OC4=CC=C(C=C4N=3)C)=NC2=C1 OKEZAUMKBWTTCR-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- OATNQHYJXLHTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 OATNQHYJXLHTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NUZHPNDBIKHZOQ-MBCFVHIPSA-J tetrasodium;2-[3-sulfonato-4-[(e)-2-[2-sulfonato-4-(7-sulfonatobenzo[e]benzotriazol-2-yl)phenyl]ethenyl]phenyl]benzo[e]benzotriazole-7-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].N1=C2C=CC3=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C3C2=NN1C(C=C1S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C1/C=C/C(C(=C1)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C1N1N=C2C3=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])C=C3C=CC2=N1 NUZHPNDBIKHZOQ-MBCFVHIPSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical class S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- VNNLHYZDXIBHKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CS1 VNNLHYZDXIBHKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical class [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
- A63B71/0605—Decision makers and devices using detection means facilitating arbitration
- A63B71/0608—Decision makers and devices using detection means facilitating arbitration using mechanical, i.e. non-electrical means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B43/00—Balls with special arrangements
- A63B43/008—Balls with special arrangements with means for improving visibility, e.g. special markings or colours
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
- C09D11/033—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the solvent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
- C09D11/037—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
- A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
- A63B2024/0037—Tracking a path or terminating locations on a target surface or at impact on the ground
- A63B2024/0046—Mechanical means for locating the point of impact or entry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
- A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
- A63B2024/0037—Tracking a path or terminating locations on a target surface or at impact on the ground
- A63B2024/0046—Mechanical means for locating the point of impact or entry
- A63B2024/005—Keeping track of the point of impact or entry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
- A63B2102/02—Tennis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
- A63B2102/04—Badminton
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
- A63B2225/76—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment with means enabling use in the dark, other than powered illuminating means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2243/00—Specific ball sports not provided for in A63B2102/00 - A63B2102/38
- A63B2243/0095—Volleyball
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B45/00—Apparatus or methods for manufacturing balls
- A63B45/02—Marking of balls
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B67/00—Sporting games or accessories therefor, not provided for in groups A63B1/00 - A63B65/00
- A63B67/18—Badminton or similar games with feathered missiles
- A63B67/183—Feathered missiles
- A63B67/187—Shuttlecocks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B67/00—Sporting games or accessories therefor, not provided for in groups A63B1/00 - A63B65/00
- A63B67/18—Badminton or similar games with feathered missiles
- A63B67/183—Feathered missiles
- A63B67/197—Feathered missiles with special functions, e.g. light emission or sound generation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
- A63B69/0017—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for badminton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0041—Optical brightening agents, organic pigments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/45—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur in the ring
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a marking composition for determining an impact point of a sports projectile on a playing field.
- the impact point of a sports projectile is often of key importance for the game. For example, in volleyball and racket sports the impact point of the projectile determines which team or player wins the rally and finally also the game.
- WO 01/41884 Al describes video processor systems for ball tracking in ball games comprising the recording of the game by a plurality of high-speed cameras and then the modeling of the flight-path of the ball with the help of a video processing system, allowing the impact point of the ball to be determined by means of a computer simulation.
- thermochromic sensors comprising thermochromic liquid crystals are disclosed that are placed along the boundary lines of a tennis court. The impact of a tennis ball then induces a color change of the thermochromic liquid crystals hit, so that the impact point can be determined.
- US 4,538,811 describes a modification of the playing field including a combination of superimposed color chambers which give a change of color upon the impact of a tennis ball.
- US 2007/0249435 Al describes a method for the determination of the impact point of a tennis ball on the playing surface compri sing a striking composition applied to the tennis ball and a receiving composition appl ied to the playing field . Once the striking composition and the receiving composition make contact during play, a chemical reaction inducing a color change is initiated .
- US 7 , 241 , 237 B2 describes a game ball comprising a marking agent that is encapsulated or otherwise sealed against exposure to the air .
- the impact of the ball on the playing field releases the marking agent , creating a visible imprint on the playing field .
- the ink used as marking agent is unstable, causing the imprint to disappear .
- the present invention is based on the obj ective of providing a means that allows making an obj ective decision about the impact point of a sports proj ectile that is affordable, easy to use and not only applicable to recreational and competitive sports , but also meets the high demands of professional athletes .
- the present invention relates to the use of a marking composition comprising a marking agent and a carrier for determining an impact point of a sports proj ectile on a playing field, wherein the marking composition is applied on the surface of the sports proj ectile .
- a marking composition according to the present invention leaves an imprint on the playing field, when a proj ectile equipped with the marking composition makes contact with the playing field .
- the impact point of the proj ec- tile can then be determined based on the imprint. This is surprisingly the case even after a plurality of contacts of the projectile with another object, such as a bat, a hand or the strings of a racket.
- the intensity and quality of the imprints were found to allow the impact point to be determined with a very high degree of accuracy.
- the general playing experience with a projectile equipped with a marking composition according to the present invention such as the flight characteristics and the touch of hitting the projectile, is not perceptibly different from the general playing experience using conventional commercial projectiles without marking composition.
- a marking composition according to the present invention provides a cost-efficient method for determining the impact point of a sports projectile which does not require expensive equipment and is attractive for players of any level due to its easy handling. This even includes the possibility to modify commercially available projectiles, thus allowing players to determine the point of impact of such modified commercial projectiles.
- the term "sports projectile” relates to an object that is made to fly through the air as a part of a sports activity.
- the sports projectile may, for example, be a ball of any shape or a shuttlecock.
- impact point refers to the place or site where the projectile hits after flying through the air.
- the impact point may be of any shape.
- the term "playing field” relates to the surface, on which the respective sports is played and includes both the playing field itself, which usually has a specific dimension and may be marked by boundary lines , and the areas adj acent to it .
- the surface is an outdoor hardcourt , the floor of an indoor sports facility or a special playing surface , such as a court mat .
- the marking composition comprises a marking agent and a carrier and is suitable for determining an impact point of the sports proj ectile .
- the marking composition is suitable to be applied on the surface of the sports proj ectile .
- the proj ectile comprises the marking composition on its surface , i . e . at least a part of the surface of the sports proj ectile is covered by the marking composition .
- a wrinklecarrier is a substance which, during the intended use of the proj ectile in the respective sport , serves to disperse the marking agent and binds the marking composition to the proj ectile .
- the carrier is selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols , fatty acid esters , ethoxylated fatty acid esters , natural waxes, synthetic waxes , microcrystalline waxes, lipids , oils, glycerol and mixtures thereof, and preferably is selected from the group consisting of polyols having a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol or higher, saturated polyester polyols, glycerol fatty acid esters , sorbitan fatty acid esters , polysorbates , polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol , glycerol , and mixtures thereof , and particularly preferably from the group consisting of sorbitan monolaureate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan tristearate,
- the carrier can be water-soluble.
- the carrier has a solubility in water at 25°C of at least 1 wt.-%, particularly at least 5 wt.-%, and particularly preferably at least 10 wt.-%. It was found that marking compositions comprising a water-soluble carrier have particularly advantageous properties with regard to cleaning. For example, contaminants or residues of the marking composition on the players' bodies, in the players' sportswear or on the playing field can be easily removed using water or soapy water.
- the marking composition comprises at least two carriers, at least one of which has a solubility in water at 25°C of at least 1 wt.-%, particularly at least 5 wt.-%, and particularly preferably at least 10 wt.-%. Accordingly, it may be beneficial to use a carrier that has the above-mentioned high solubility in water in combination with a carrier that is less soluble in water. This may e.g. be desired if the less water-soluble carrier has particularly advantageous properties in terms of providing an imprint on the playing field.
- the carrier of the marking composition comprises a combination of an ethoxylated fatty acid ester and a sorbitan fatty acid ester, wherein preferably the ethoxylated fatty acid ester has a solubility in water at 25°C of at least 1 wt.-%, particularly at least 5 wt.-%, and particularly preferably at least 10 wt.-% and the sorbitan fatty acid ester that is less water-soluble than the ethoxylated fatty acid ester .
- the marking agent is selected from pigments and dyes for use under natural and/or arti ficial ambient light and pigments and dyes for use under arti ficial ultraviolet light .
- Pigments and dyes for use under natural and/or arti ficial ambient light are typically visible in the presence of sunlight , arti ficial light sources or combinations thereof . It may also be advantageous to use a marking agent that is visible in the presence of arti ficial ultraviolet (UV) light , in particular in the presence of UV-A light with a wavelength of 315 to 380 nm . This may have the advantage that even after a long period of play, there are no imprints visible on the playing field which could be distracting during the players ' rally . An examination of the playing field with a UV light source may then be carried out by referees , linesmen or players in game situations when the impact point of the proj ectile is of particular importance . Suitable UV light sources are , for example , portable and non-portable UV light sources , such as UV flashlights and permanently installed UV spotlights .
- the marking agent may be a dye , wherein the selection of the dye is not restricted .
- Suitable dyes are , for example , uranine , fluorescein, cobalamines , quinine , rhodamines , flavonoids , porphyrins , aesculin, and mixtures thereof .
- the marking agent is an inorganic or organic pigment .
- the selection of inorganic or organic pigments is not restricted . Suitable inorganic pigments are, for example, zinc sulfides, ultramarine, titanium dioxide, iron oxides , nickel or chromium antimony titanium dioxide, cobalt blue, chromium oxides and chromate pigments .
- Suitable organic pigments are, for example, those from the azo, anthraquinone and thioindigo series , furthermore other polycyclic pigments , for example from the phthalocyanine, quinacridone, dioxazine, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, perylene tetracarboxylic acid or isoindoline series , and also metal complex pigments and carbon black .
- the pigment comprises a dye, such as a dye that is visible under visible and/or UV light, in a polymeric resin .
- the polymeric resin may, for example, be a copolymer of melamine, toluenesulfonamide and paraformaldehyde (MDF resin) , melamine-formaldehyde, melamine-urea- formaldehyde, benzoguanamine -formaldehyde, benzoguanamine-urea-formaldehyde melamine -benzoguanamine- formaldehyde, sulphonamide-me 1 amine - paraformaldehyde and/or an acrylate-based resin .
- the dye can be excited to fluorescence by the UV component of daylight .
- the pigment is a formaldehyde- free daylight fluorescent pigment or a f ormaldehyde-containing daylight fluorescent pigment , particularly preferably a formaldehyde- free daylight fluorescent pigment .
- daylight fluorescent pigment refers to a dye in a polymeric resin, wherein the dye can be excited to fluorescence by the UV component of the daylight .
- the dye or the inorganic or organic pigment is an optical brightener , wherein optical brighteners selected from the group consisting of naphthalimides , optical brighteners based on stilbene , ethylene , styrene , thiophene or 1 , 3-diphenyl-2-pyrazoline , and compounds having a condensed aromatic moiety directly linked to a heteroaromatic moiety, such as thiazoles , pyrazoles , oxadiazoles or triazines , are further preferred .
- optical brighteners selected from the group consisting of naphthalimides , optical brighteners based on stilbene , ethylene , styrene , thiophene or 1 , 3-diphenyl-2-pyrazoline , and compounds having a condensed aromatic moiety directly linked to a heteroaromatic moiety, such as thiazoles , pyrazoles , oxadiazoles or triazines
- Optical brighteners typically absorb ultraviolet or violet light, in particular ultraviolet light, and re-emit light with a lower wavelength, such as blue light, wherein it is particularly preferred that the re-emitted light has a wavelength in the visible range, most preferably in the range of 380 to 700 nm.
- OWAs optical brightening agents
- FBAs fluorescent brightening agents
- FB fluorescent brightener
- FWAs fluorescent whitening agents
- optical brighteners are, for example, optical brightener OB (2, 5-bis- (5-tert . -butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl) -thiophen; CAS: 7128- 64-5) , optical brightener OB-1 (4, 4 '-bis (2-benzoxazolyl) stilbene; CAS: 1533-45-5) , optical brightener KCB (4, 4 '-bis (2- benzoxazolyl) stilbene; CAS: 5089-22-5) , optical brightener KSN (4- (2-benzoxazolyl) -4 ' - (5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl) stilbene; CAS : 5242-49-9) , optical brightener Bright FP-127 (4, 4 '-bis (2- methoxystyryl ) -1 , 1 ' -biphenyl ; CAS: 40470-68-6) , optical brightener Bright SWN ( 7-diethylamino
- fluorescent brightener 135 1 (2, 2 (IE) -1, 2- ethenediylbis [5-methylbenzoxazole] ; CAS: 17233-65-7)
- fluorescent brightener 140 (7- (diethylamino) -4-methylchromen-2-one; CAS:
- fluorescent brightener 151 VBL (CAS : 12224-16-7 )
- fluorescent brightener 162 (6-methoxy-2-methyl-lH- benzo [de] isoquinoline-1 , 3 (2H) -dione; CAS: 3271-05-4)
- fluorescent brightener 179 (2, 4-dimethoxy-6-pyren-l-yl-l, 3, 5-triazine; CAS:
- fluorescent brightener 181 (CAS: 12224-37-2)
- fluorescent brightener 185 (2, 5-bis (2-benzoxazolyl) thiophene; CAS:
- fluorescent brightener 190 (2, 5-bis (2- benzoxazolyl) thiophene; CAS: 12224-46-3) , fluorescent brightener 199 ( 1, 4-bis ( 4-cyanostyryl ) benzene; CAS: 13001-40-6) , fluorescent brightener 199:1 (1- (2-cyanostyryl) -4- (4-cyanostyryl) benzene;
- fluorescent brightener 200 (CAS: 61968-72-7) , fluorescent brightener 204 (CAS: 76482-77-4) , fluorescent brightener 206 (CAS: 12642-93-2) , fluorescent brightener 208 (CAS: 24565-13-7) , fluorescent brightener 210 (benzenesulfonic ac- id, 2, 2 ' - (1, 2-ethenediyl) bis [5- [ [4- (4-morpholinyl) -6- [ (4- sulfophenyl) amino] -1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl ] mino] - , sodium salt (1:4) ; CAS: 28950-61-0) , fluorescent brightener 213 (disodium 4,4'- bis [ (4-anilino-6-methoxy-l, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl ) amino] stilbene-2, 2 ' - disulfonate; CAS: 3426-43-5)
- the marking agent is a pigment or dye, in particular an optical brightener, for use in waterbased formulations and particularly preferably fluorescent brightener 220 (tetrasodium 4 , 4 ' -bis [ [ 4- [bis ( 2- hydroxyethyl ) amino] -6- (4-sulfonatoanilino) -1, 3, 5-triazin-2- yl] amino] stilbene-2, 2 ' -disulfonate] ; CAS: 16470-24-9) or tetrasodium pyrene-1, 3, 6, 8-tetrasulphonate .
- these marking agents impart a combination of particularly advantageous properties to the marking composition. Imprints are formed particularly well and allow an easy determination of impact points and, in addition, these marking agents have a good usability, e.g. because it is particularly easy to remove imprints of marking compositions which contain these marking agents from the playing field.
- Inorganic and organic pigments may be treated to break down agglomerates or to comminute pigments before being added to the marking composition, for example by means of a bead mill, a three-roll mill or a disperser. After treatment, pigments typically exhibit increased stability and/or enhanced luminosity.
- the marking agent is essentially homogenously dispersed in the marking composition.
- the concentration of marking agent is essentially the same at each location in the marking composition according to this embodiment.
- marking agents present in nonmicroencapsulated forms are considered essentially homogeneously dispersed.
- projectiles comprising different marking agents with different emission properties, such as different colors. If there are multiple imprints next to each other on a playing field, the emission property can be used to clearly assign an imprint to a projectile.
- the marking composition comprises the marking agent and the carrier in a weight ratio ranging from about 1:10000 to 10:1, in particular 1:1000 to 5:1, preferably 1:10 to about 5:1, more preferably from about 1:4 to about 3:1, particularly preferably from about 2:1 to about 1:2.5.
- the marking composition can comprise one or more additives selected from the group consisting of diluents, fillers, dispersants, identification agents, preservatives and thickeners.
- the marking agent, the carrier and the additives comprised in the marking composition are non-hazardous to the users' health.
- the marking composition comprises a filler that is preferably selected from the group consisting of talc, calcium carbonate, kaolin, barium sulfate, aluminum stearate, magnesiums stearate, diatomaceous earth, wollastonite, and mixtures thereof.
- Fillers may improve the stability of the marking composition by altering the sedimentation properties, flocculation properties and/or chemical stability of the composition.
- the marking composition can further comprise a dispersant to improve separation of particles, particularly of pigments, and to prevent their settling and clumping.
- Suitable dispersants include, for example, polyacrylate dispersants provided by BASF under the name Dispex®.
- the marking composition can comprise a thickener that is preferably selected from the group consisting of fumed silica, phyllosilicates, thickeners based on modified urea, such as RHEOBYK 410 (BYK Additives and Instruments GmbH, Wesel) and mixtures thereof.
- a thickener that is preferably selected from the group consisting of fumed silica, phyllosilicates, thickeners based on modified urea, such as RHEOBYK 410 (BYK Additives and Instruments GmbH, Wesel) and mixtures thereof.
- the marking composition comprises 0.001 to 10 wt.-%, in particular 0.01 to 5 wt.-% and particularly preferably 0.25 to 3 wt.-% thickener, which is in particular fumed silica. It was found that the use of thickener in these preferred amounts facilitates the application of the marking composition on the projectile.
- the marking composition can further comprise an identification agent.
- Suitable identification agents are, for example, inorganic luminescent pigments that can be identified using an optical spectrometer, such inorganic luminescent pigments comprising doped yttrium oxides or doped aluminum oxides. If there are multiple imprints next to each other on a playing field, the identification agent can be used to clearly assign an imprint to a projectile.
- the marking composition can comprise a preservative.
- the preservative may extend the shelf life of the marking composition.
- the preservative is selected from the group consisting of biocides, natural preservatives and mixtures thereof.
- the marking composition comprises one or more diluents.
- the one or more diluents reduce the concentration of the components of the marking composition in order to facilitate its application on the surface of the sports projectile, e.g. by reducing the viscosity of the marking composition.
- the diluent may be an inorganic solvent or an organic solvent and is preferably selected from the group consisting of water, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
- the solvent may dissolve the carrier and, if applicable, a dye used as marking agent.
- the marking composition on the surface of the projectile comprises 0.01 to 95 wt.-% marking agent and 2 to 95 wt.-% carrier, in particular 5 to 95 wt.-% marking agent and 5 to 95 wt.-% carrier, particularly preferably 20 to 60 wt.-% marking agent and 40 to 80 wt.-% carrier, and most preferably 30 to 50 wt.-% marking agent and 50 to 70 wt.-% carrier.
- the marking composition comprises, when applying on the projectile, at least 0.0001, preferably 0.001, in particular 0.5, particularly preferably at least 2 and most preferably at least 4 wt.-% marking agent and at least 1, particularly preferably at least 4, and most preferably at least 6 wt.-% carrier.
- the marking composition comprises, when applying on the projectile, 0.0001 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 0.001 to 95 wt.-%, in particular 0.5 to 95 wt.-%, particularly preferably 2 to 40 wt.-%, and most preferably 4 to 25 wt.-% marking agent and 1 to 95 wt.-%, particularly preferably 4 to 50 wt.-% and most preferably 6 to 30 wt.-% carrier.
- the marking composition comprises, when applying on the projectile, 0.0001 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 0.001 to 50 wt.-% and particularly preferably 0.05 to 30 wt.-% marking agent.
- the marking composition comprises, when applying on the projectile, 0 to 98 wt.-%, particu- larly preferably 40 to 90 wt.-%, and most preferably 70 to 85 wt.-% of one or more diluents.
- the marking composition comprises when applying on the projectile a) 0.5 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 2 to 40 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 4 to 25 wt.-% marking agent, b) 1 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 4 to 50 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 6 to 30 wt.-% carrier, c) 0 to 40 wt.-%, preferably 0 to 15 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 0 to 7 wt.-% thickener, and d) 0 to 98 wt.-%, preferably 40 to 90 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 50 to 85 wt.-% of one or more diluents.
- the marking composition comprises when applying on the projectile a) 0.0001 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 0.001 to 50 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 30 wt.-% marking agent, b) 1 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 4 to 50 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 6 to 30 wt.-% carrier, c) 0 to 40 wt.-%, preferably 0 to 15 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 0 to 7 wt.-% thickener, and d) 0 to 98 wt.-%, preferably 40 to 90 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 50 to 85 wt.-% of one or more diluents.
- the marking composition comprises after application on the sports projectile and drying a) 5 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 20 to 60 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 30 to 50 wt.-% marking agent, b) 5 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 40 to 80 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 50 to 70 wt.-% carrier, and c) 0 to 40 wt.-%, preferably 0 to 20 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 0 to 15 wt.-% thickener.
- the sports projectile can be a projectile for use in volleyball or racket sports, preferably in badminton or tennis, particularly preferably in badminton.
- the marking composition may be a liquid, a paste or a waxy solid depending on the components used and their respective amounts .
- Marking compositions in the form of a waxy solid may be applied directly on the projectile. It may also be advantageous to apply the waxy solid to the projectile using an applicator similar to a lipstick.
- Liquid marking composition can be applied on the projectile by any common liquid application method. Suitable methods for applying the liquid marking composition to the projectile include immersing the projectile in the marking composition, applying the marking composition with an applicator, such as a brush or a sponge, or spraying the marking composition on the projectile.
- an applicator such as a brush or a sponge
- Marking compositions in the form of a paste may, for example, be applied to the projectile using an applicator, such as a brush or sponge.
- the marking composition is allowed to dry subsequent to the application on the surface of the projectile. It is particularly preferred that diluents, if present in the marking composition during application on the projectile, have partially evaporated after drying. Most preferably, all diluents that have been present during application on the projectile have substantially completely evaporated after drying. Drying may be performed at ambient conditions or at enhanced drying conditions, such as elevated tem- peratures or in presence of an air flow. It may be advantageous to use fast evaporating solvents and/or diluents to keep the duration of the drying process low. Therefore, for example, fast evaporating organic solvents may provide an advantage over water in this regard.
- the marking composition is allowed to dry subsequent to the application on the surface of the projectile and before use of the projectile for at least about 5 s, in particular at a temperature of about 5°C to about 200°C.
- the marking composition may be allowed to dry for about 5 s to about 24 h at about 5°C to about 200°C before the projectile is used.
- the application and drying is repeated once or repeatedly. In this manner, particular high amounts of marking composition may be applied on the surface of the projectile.
- the marking composition may be applied on the surface of a projectile, such as a commercially available projectile, just before using the projectile.
- the marking composition may also be applied on the projectile as part of the manufacturing process of the projectile.
- the weight of the shuttlecock may be increased by 0.2 g or less, preferably 0.05 g or less, particularly preferably 0.02 g or less after application and, if diluent is present, drying.
- the present invention relates to a marking composition for determining an impact point of a sports projectile on a playing field, wherein the marking composition is applied on the surface of a sports projectile, and wherein the marking composition comprises a marking agent and a carrier selected from the group consisting of polyester polyols, fatty acid esters, ethoxylated fatty acid esters, natural waxes, synthetic waxes, microcrystalline waxes, lipids, oils, glycerol, and mixtures thereof, preferably the carrier is selected from the group consisting of polyester polyols having a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol or higher, saturated polyester polyols, glycerol fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polysorbates, glycerol, and mixtures thereof and particularly preferably from the group consisting of sorbitan monolaureate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan
- the marking agent is selected from pigments and dyes for use under natural or artificial ambient light and pigments and dyes for use under ultraviolet light.
- Dye and pigments of the marking composition according to the second aspect of the invention may be as defined above in the context of the first aspect of the invention. Accordingly, it is preferred that the marking agent is an inorganic or organic pigment that particularly preferably is an optical brightener.
- the marking composition can comprise one or more additives selected from the group consisting of diluents, fillers, dispersants , identification agents , preservatives and thickeners .
- Suitable and preferred additives are as defined above .
- the marking agent is essentially homogeneously dispersed in the marking composition .
- the present invention relates to a sports proj ectile comprising a marking composition according to the second aspect of the invention on its surface .
- compositions and material definitions in each case including all preferred embodiments , which are described above for the marking composition according to the first and second aspect of the invention, are also suitable for marking composition on the surface of the proj ectile according to the third aspect of the invention .
- the sports proj ecti le further contains a layer compri sing a pressure-sensitive adhesive , upon which the marking composition according to the second aspect of the invention is layered .
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive is selected from the group consisting of natural rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives , synthetic rubber based pressure-sensitive adhesives , acrylic and modi f ied-acrylic based pressure-sensitive adhesives , and silicone-based pressure sensitive adhesives .
- a kit of parts comprising a marking composition according to the second aspect of the invention, an applicator and optionally a light source and optionally one or more proj ectiles .
- the applicator may e . g . be a sponge , a brush, or a spray can .
- Suitable light sources are , for example , portable and non-portable light sources , such as flashlights emitting UV- or visible light and permanently installed UV spotlights .
- the proj ectile may, for example , be a ball or a badminton shuttlecock .
- compositions and material definitions in each case including all preferred embodiments that are described above for the use of a marking composition according to the first aspect of the invention and for the marking composition according to the second aspect of the invention, are also suitable for the marking composition comprised in the kit of parts disclosed herein .
- marking compositions according to the present invention were prepared as shown in Table 1 by mixing optical brighteners OB ( 2 , 5-Bis- ( 5-tert . -butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl ) -thiophen; CAS 7128- 64-5 ) or OB- 1 ( 4 , 4 ' -Bis ( 2-benzoxazolyl ) stilbene ; CAS 1533-45-5 ) as marking agent and polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate ( CAS 9005-70-3 ; SABO® FOG TOE ; Sabo ) as carrier .
- Shuttlecocks that had been immersed into one of the aqueous marking composition of Examples 4 and 5 were allowed to dry for about 4 h at ambient conditions .
- Shuttlecocks that had been immersed into one of the marking composition of Examples 1 to 3 comprising ethanol were allowed to dry for about 10 min at ambient conditions .
- the shuttlecocks comprising the marking composition on the surface were used in a badminton game .
- Impact points of the shuttlecocks on the playing field were determined using a UV light source from the imprints left by the marking composition upon impact on the playing field .
- a photo of an exemplary imprint , irradiated by means of a UV- f lashlight is shown as Figure 1 .
- Marking compositions with the chemical compositions given in Table 2 were prepared .
- Skywhite® Optical brightener UVT7 . 1 (Hangzhou Tiankun Chem Co . Ltd, 2 , 5-Bis- ( 5-tert . -butyl- benzoxazol-2-yl ) -thiophen ; CAS 7128- 64-5 ) was used as marking agent .
- Polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate ( CAS 9005-70-3 ; SABO® FOG TOE ; Sabo ) was used as carrier .
- Table 2 The marking compositions were provided to badminton players . Before using the marking agents , the badminton players added 50 ml of 77 . 4 wt . -% ethanol to 10 ml of marking agent and then immersed badminton shuttlecocks into the composition . Shuttlecocks were allowed to dry for about 10 min before use .
- the shuttlecocks comprising the mark- ing compositions of Examples 6 and 7 were used in a badminton game and equally allowed the determination of impact points on the playing field .
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the use of a marking composition for determining an impact point of a sports projectile, which comprises the marking agent on its surface, on a playing field. The invention is further directed to a marking composition and a sports projectile comprising the marking composition.
Description
UEXKULL & STOLBERG HAMBURG
PATENTAN WALTE
BESELERSTRASSE 4 EUROPEAN PATENT ATTORNEYS D-22607 HAMBURG EUROPEAN TRADEMARK ATTORNEYS
DR. PETER FRANCK
DR. ULRICH-MARIA GROSS
DR. HELMUT van HEESCH
DR. JOHANNES AHME
DR. HEINZ-PETER MUTH, LL.M.
DR. BERND JANSSEN, LL.M.
DR. ALBRECHT von MENGES
DR. MARTIN NOHLEN
DR. ANDRE GUDER
DR. FABIAN MULLER
DIPL.-CHEM. ALEXANDER EISENFUHR
DIPL. -ING. PHILIPP KUHN
DIPL. -WI. -ING. MARTIN JACOB
DR. HANNA PIEPER
DR. JOHANNES HEIDEMANN
RECHTSAN WALTE
DR. FRANK DETTMANN
DR. ALEXANDER THUNKEN, LL.M.
MUNCHEN
PATENTAN WALTE
EUROPEAN PATENT ATTORNEYS
EUROPEAN TRADEMARK ATTORNEYS
DIPL. -ING. LARS MANKE
DR. ANATOL SPORK
DR. NILS LINDENMAIER
PARTNERSCHAFT VON PATENT- UND RECHTSAN WALTEN mbB
P 115017 Mue/Hei
December 23, 2022
Marking composition for application on a sports projectile
The present invention relates to a marking composition for determining an impact point of a sports projectile on a playing field.
Various different sports use projectiles that travel through the air at high speed. Not only can it be difficult to track the projectile across the trajectory with the eyes, it is also often a great challenge to determine the exact impact point of the projectile on a surface.
But the impact point of a sports projectile is often of key importance for the game. For example, in volleyball and racket sports the impact point of the projectile determines which team or player wins the rally and finally also the game.
Whether the ball has hit the ground inside or outside of the dimensions of the court is often a matter of centimeters or
millimeters which makes it difficult to correctly decide on the impact point, especially at high projectile velocities.
Moreover, the high level of ambition often makes it difficult for the players involved to make an objective decision about the impact point.
In competitions, referees or linesmen are regularly assigned to decide the impact point to the best of their knowledge. However, referees and linesmen occasionally make wrong decisions despite their best efforts. Various technical approaches have been developed to allow accurate and objective decisions on the impact point of sports projectiles to be made.
WO 01/41884 Al describes video processor systems for ball tracking in ball games comprising the recording of the game by a plurality of high-speed cameras and then the modeling of the flight-path of the ball with the help of a video processing system, allowing the impact point of the ball to be determined by means of a computer simulation.
Other approaches include the modification of the playing field. For example, in US 5,394,824 thermochromic sensors comprising thermochromic liquid crystals are disclosed that are placed along the boundary lines of a tennis court. The impact of a tennis ball then induces a color change of the thermochromic liquid crystals hit, so that the impact point can be determined.
US 4,538,811 describes a modification of the playing field including a combination of superimposed color chambers which give a change of color upon the impact of a tennis ball.
Another approach involves the chemical modification of the used projectile. For example, US 2007/0249435 Al describes a
method for the determination of the impact point of a tennis ball on the playing surface compri sing a striking composition applied to the tennis ball and a receiving composition appl ied to the playing field . Once the striking composition and the receiving composition make contact during play, a chemical reaction inducing a color change is initiated .
Moreover, US 7 , 241 , 237 B2 describes a game ball comprising a marking agent that is encapsulated or otherwise sealed against exposure to the air . The impact of the ball on the playing field releases the marking agent , creating a visible imprint on the playing field . Under the influence of ambient air, the ink used as marking agent is unstable, causing the imprint to disappear .
Thus , the present invention is based on the obj ective of providing a means that allows making an obj ective decision about the impact point of a sports proj ectile that is affordable, easy to use and not only applicable to recreational and competitive sports , but also meets the high demands of professional athletes .
These obj ects are achieved by the use of a marking composition according to claims 1 to 9 . The invention also relates to the marking composition according to claims 10 to 14 and the sports proj ectile according to claim 15 .
In a first aspect , the present invention relates to the use of a marking composition comprising a marking agent and a carrier for determining an impact point of a sports proj ectile on a playing field, wherein the marking composition is applied on the surface of the sports proj ectile .
It has been found that a marking composition according to the present invention leaves an imprint on the playing field, when a proj ectile equipped with the marking composition makes contact with the playing field . The impact point of the proj ec-
tile can then be determined based on the imprint. This is surprisingly the case even after a plurality of contacts of the projectile with another object, such as a bat, a hand or the strings of a racket. In addition, the intensity and quality of the imprints were found to allow the impact point to be determined with a very high degree of accuracy.
Moreover, it has surprisingly been found that the general playing experience with a projectile equipped with a marking composition according to the present invention, such as the flight characteristics and the touch of hitting the projectile, is not perceptibly different from the general playing experience using conventional commercial projectiles without marking composition.
It was further found that the use of a marking composition according to the present invention provides a cost-efficient method for determining the impact point of a sports projectile which does not require expensive equipment and is attractive for players of any level due to its easy handling. This even includes the possibility to modify commercially available projectiles, thus allowing players to determine the point of impact of such modified commercial projectiles.
According to the present invention, the term "sports projectile" relates to an object that is made to fly through the air as a part of a sports activity. The sports projectile may, for example, be a ball of any shape or a shuttlecock.
The term "impact point" refers to the place or site where the projectile hits after flying through the air. The impact point may be of any shape.
Moreover, the term "playing field" relates to the surface, on which the respective sports is played and includes both the playing field itself, which usually has a specific dimension
and may be marked by boundary lines , and the areas adj acent to it . Typically, the surface is an outdoor hardcourt , the floor of an indoor sports facility or a special playing surface , such as a court mat .
The marking composition comprises a marking agent and a carrier and is suitable for determining an impact point of the sports proj ectile . For this purpose the marking composition is suitable to be applied on the surface of the sports proj ectile . Hence , according to the use of the present invention, the proj ectile comprises the marking composition on its surface , i . e . at least a part of the surface of the sports proj ectile is covered by the marking composition .
According to the present invention, a „carrier" is a substance which, during the intended use of the proj ectile in the respective sport , serves to disperse the marking agent and binds the marking composition to the proj ectile .
In a preferred embodiment of the use of the marking composition, the carrier is selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols , fatty acid esters , ethoxylated fatty acid esters , natural waxes, synthetic waxes , microcrystalline waxes, lipids , oils, glycerol and mixtures thereof, and preferably is selected from the group consisting of polyols having a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol or higher, saturated polyester polyols, glycerol fatty acid esters , sorbitan fatty acid esters , polysorbates , polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol , glycerol , and mixtures thereof , and particularly preferably from the group consisting of sorbitan monolaureate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan tristearate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40 , polysorbate 60 , polysorbate 65, polysorbate 80 , polysorbate 81 , polysorbate 85, polysorbate 120 , polysorbate 21 , polysorbate 61 , polyethylene glycol 32 to 600, polyethylene glycol having an aver-
age molecular weight of 600 g/mol or higher, polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 2000 g/mol or lower, glycerol and mixtures thereof.
Moreover, the carrier preferably has an evaporation number, determined according to ISO 53170 (diethyl ether = 1) , of 100 or higher, particularly preferably of 500 or higher, most preferably of 1000 or higher.
The carrier can be water-soluble. Preferably, the carrier has a solubility in water at 25°C of at least 1 wt.-%, particularly at least 5 wt.-%, and particularly preferably at least 10 wt.-%. It was found that marking compositions comprising a water-soluble carrier have particularly advantageous properties with regard to cleaning. For example, contaminants or residues of the marking composition on the players' bodies, in the players' sportswear or on the playing field can be easily removed using water or soapy water.
In another preferred embodiment the marking composition comprises at least two carriers, at least one of which has a solubility in water at 25°C of at least 1 wt.-%, particularly at least 5 wt.-%, and particularly preferably at least 10 wt.-%. Accordingly, it may be beneficial to use a carrier that has the above-mentioned high solubility in water in combination with a carrier that is less soluble in water. This may e.g. be desired if the less water-soluble carrier has particularly advantageous properties in terms of providing an imprint on the playing field. For example, it is preferred that the carrier of the marking composition comprises a combination of an ethoxylated fatty acid ester and a sorbitan fatty acid ester, wherein preferably the ethoxylated fatty acid ester has a solubility in water at 25°C of at least 1 wt.-%, particularly at least 5 wt.-%, and particularly preferably at least 10 wt.-%
and the sorbitan fatty acid ester that is less water-soluble than the ethoxylated fatty acid ester .
Furthermore , it is preferred that the marking agent is selected from pigments and dyes for use under natural and/or arti ficial ambient light and pigments and dyes for use under arti ficial ultraviolet light .
Pigments and dyes for use under natural and/or arti ficial ambient light are typically visible in the presence of sunlight , arti ficial light sources or combinations thereof . It may also be advantageous to use a marking agent that is visible in the presence of arti ficial ultraviolet (UV) light , in particular in the presence of UV-A light with a wavelength of 315 to 380 nm . This may have the advantage that even after a long period of play, there are no imprints visible on the playing field which could be distracting during the players ' rally . An examination of the playing field with a UV light source may then be carried out by referees , linesmen or players in game situations when the impact point of the proj ectile is of particular importance . Suitable UV light sources are , for example , portable and non-portable UV light sources , such as UV flashlights and permanently installed UV spotlights .
The marking agent may be a dye , wherein the selection of the dye is not restricted . Suitable dyes are , for example , uranine , fluorescein, cobalamines , quinine , rhodamines , flavonoids , porphyrins , aesculin, and mixtures thereof .
In a preferred embodiment the marking agent is an inorganic or organic pigment . The selection of inorganic or organic pigments is not restricted . Suitable inorganic pigments are, for example, zinc sulfides, ultramarine, titanium dioxide, iron oxides , nickel or chromium antimony titanium dioxide, cobalt blue, chromium oxides and chromate pigments . Suitable organic pigments are, for example,
those from the azo, anthraquinone and thioindigo series , furthermore other polycyclic pigments , for example from the phthalocyanine, quinacridone, dioxazine, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, perylene tetracarboxylic acid or isoindoline series , and also metal complex pigments and carbon black .
In a preferred embodiment, the pigment comprises a dye, such as a dye that is visible under visible and/or UV light, in a polymeric resin . The polymeric resin may, for example, be a copolymer of melamine, toluenesulfonamide and paraformaldehyde (MDF resin) , melamine-formaldehyde, melamine-urea- formaldehyde, benzoguanamine -formaldehyde, benzoguanamine-urea-formaldehyde melamine -benzoguanamine- formaldehyde, sulphonamide-me 1 amine - paraformaldehyde and/or an acrylate-based resin . In this embodiment, it is particularly preferred that the dye can be excited to fluorescence by the UV component of daylight .
In a preferred embodiment , the pigment is a formaldehyde- free daylight fluorescent pigment or a f ormaldehyde-containing daylight fluorescent pigment , particularly preferably a formaldehyde- free daylight fluorescent pigment . Herein, the term "daylight fluorescent pigment" refers to a dye in a polymeric resin, wherein the dye can be excited to fluorescence by the UV component of the daylight .
Particularly preferably, the dye or the inorganic or organic pigment is an optical brightener , wherein optical brighteners selected from the group consisting of naphthalimides , optical brighteners based on stilbene , ethylene , styrene , thiophene or 1 , 3-diphenyl-2-pyrazoline , and compounds having a condensed aromatic moiety directly linked to a heteroaromatic moiety, such as thiazoles , pyrazoles , oxadiazoles or triazines , are further preferred . Even further preferred are stilbenetriazines , stilbene-naphthalene-triazoles and diphenylethylene bistriazines , and particularly preferred are sul fonated
stilbene-triazines . Optical brighteners typically absorb ultraviolet or violet light, in particular ultraviolet light, and re-emit light with a lower wavelength, such as blue light, wherein it is particularly preferred that the re-emitted light has a wavelength in the visible range, most preferably in the range of 380 to 700 nm. Herein, the term "optical brightener" also refers to agents known as optical brightening agents (OBAs) , fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs) , fluorescent brightener (FB) or fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) .
Suitable optical brighteners are, for example, optical brightener OB (2, 5-bis- (5-tert . -butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl) -thiophen; CAS: 7128- 64-5) , optical brightener OB-1 (4, 4 '-bis (2-benzoxazolyl) stilbene; CAS: 1533-45-5) , optical brightener KCB (4, 4 '-bis (2- benzoxazolyl) stilbene; CAS: 5089-22-5) , optical brightener KSN (4- (2-benzoxazolyl) -4 ' - (5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl) stilbene; CAS : 5242-49-9) , optical brightener Bright FP-127 (4, 4 '-bis (2- methoxystyryl ) -1 , 1 ' -biphenyl ; CAS: 40470-68-6) , optical brightener Bright SWN ( 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin; CAS: 91-44-1) , fluorescent brightener BAC-L ( 5- ( ( 3-chloro-5-
(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-yl) sulfonyl) thiophene2sulfonyl chloride; CAS: 175203-00-6) , fluorescent brightener 1 (CAS: 15339-39- 6) , fluorescent brightener 9 (disodium, 5- [ (4, 6-dianilino-l, 3, 5- triazin-2-yl ) amino] -2- [ (E) -2- [4- [ (4, 6-dianilino-l, 3, 5-triazin-2- yl) amino] -2-sulfonatophenyl] ethenyl ] benzenesulfonate; CAS: 133- 66-4) , fluorescent brightener 12/24 (4, 4 ' -Bis [4- (3-sulfoanilino) - 6- [bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino] -1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl ] aminostilbene- 2 , 2 ' -disulfonic acid tetrasodium salt ; CAS: 12224-02-1) , fluorescent brightener 28 Base (4, 4 ' -bis ( { 4-anilino-6- [bis (2- hydroxyethyl) amino] -1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl }amino) stilbene-2, 2 ' - disulfonic acid; CAS: 4404-43-7) , fluorescent brightener 28 (disodium 4,4' -bis [ 6-anilino- [4- [bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino] -1, 3, 5- triazin-2-yl] amino] stilbene-2, 2 ' -disulfonate; CAS: 4193-55-9) , fluorescent brightener 30 (disodium, 5- (phenylcarbamoylamino) -2- [ (E) -2- [4- (phenylcarbamoylamino) -2-
sulfonatophenyl] ethenyl] benzenesulfonate; CAS: 2606-93-1) , fluorescent brightener 33 (CAS: 61902-19-0) , fluorescent brightener 46 (sodium 4- (2H-naphtho [1, 2-d] triazol-2-yl ) stilbene-2-sulfonate; CAS: 6416-68-8) , fluorescent brightener 47 (CAS: 34078-70-2) , fluorescent brightener 52 (CAS: 12224-3-2) , fluorescent brightener 54 (CAS: 12768-89-7) , fluorescent brightener 56 (sodium sulfate 7- (diethylamino) -4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (2:1:1) ; CAS: 8066-05-5) , fluorescent brightener 61 (12224-3-2) , fluorescent brightener 71/244/250/260 (disodium 4, 4 ' -bis [ (4-anilino-6- morpholino-1 , 3, 5-triazin-2-yl ) amino] stilbene-2, 2 ' -disulfonate; CAS: 16090-02-1) , fluorescent brightener 84 (CAS: 12224-05-4) , fluorescent brightener 85 (disodium 4, 4 ' -bis [ [4-anilino-6- [ (2- hydroxyethyl) amino] -1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl ] amino] stilbene-2, 2 ' - disulfonate ; CAS: 17958-73-5) , fluorescent brightener 87 (CAS: 12768-91-1) , fluorescent brightener 113 (CAS: 12768-92-2) , fluorescent brightener 121 (4- [3- (4-chlorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-lH- pyrazol-l-yl]benzenesulfonamide; CAS: 2744-49-2) , fluorescent brightener 135 (2, 2 ' -vinylenbis [5-methylbenzoxazol] ; CAS: 1041-
00-5, 12224-12-3) , fluorescent brightener 135:1 (2, 2 (IE) -1, 2- ethenediylbis [5-methylbenzoxazole] ; CAS: 17233-65-7) , fluorescent brightener 140 (7- (diethylamino) -4-methylchromen-2-one; CAS:
61968-71-6) , fluorescent brightener 151, VBL (CAS : 12224-16-7 ) , fluorescent brightener 162 (6-methoxy-2-methyl-lH- benzo [de] isoquinoline-1 , 3 (2H) -dione; CAS: 3271-05-4) , fluorescent brightener 179 (2, 4-dimethoxy-6-pyren-l-yl-l, 3, 5-triazine; CAS:
12224-35-0) , fluorescent brightener 181 (CAS: 12224-37-2) , fluorescent brightener 185 (2, 5-bis (2-benzoxazolyl) thiophene; CAS:
2866-43-5, 12224-41-8) , fluorescent brightener 190 (2, 5-bis (2- benzoxazolyl) thiophene; CAS: 12224-46-3) , fluorescent brightener 199 ( 1, 4-bis ( 4-cyanostyryl ) benzene; CAS: 13001-40-6) , fluorescent brightener 199:1 (1- (2-cyanostyryl) -4- (4-cyanostyryl) benzene;
CAS: 13001-38-2) , fluorescent brightener 200 (CAS: 61968-72-7) , fluorescent brightener 204 (CAS: 76482-77-4) , fluorescent brightener 206 (CAS: 12642-93-2) , fluorescent brightener 208 (CAS: 24565-13-7) , fluorescent brightener 210 (benzenesulfonic ac-
id, 2, 2 ' - (1, 2-ethenediyl) bis [5- [ [4- (4-morpholinyl) -6- [ (4- sulfophenyl) amino] -1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl ] mino] - , sodium salt (1:4) ; CAS: 28950-61-0) , fluorescent brightener 213 (disodium 4,4'- bis [ (4-anilino-6-methoxy-l, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl ) amino] stilbene-2, 2 ' - disulfonate; CAS: 3426-43-5) , fluorescent brightener 220 (tetrasodium 4,4' -bis [ [4- [bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino] -6- (4- sulfonatoanilino) -1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl ] amino] stilbene-2, 2 ' - disulfonate] ; CAS: 16470-24-9) , fluorescent brightener 225 (disodium 4, 4 '-bis [ (4-morpholino-6-o-toluidino-l,3,5-triazin-2- yl) amino] stilbene-2, 2 ' -disulfonate; CAS: 24019-80-5) , fluorescent brightener 264 (hexasodium 2- [ [4- (bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino) -6- [ [4- [ (E) -2- [4- [ [4- (bis (2 -hydroxyethyl) amino) -6- [ (2, 5-disulfo- natophenyl) amino] -1, 3, 5-triazin-2- yl] amino] -2-sulfonato- phenyl] ethenyl] -3-sulfonato-phenyl ] amino] -1, 3, 5- triazin-2- yl ] amino] benzene-1 , 4-disulfonate; CAS: 76482-78-5, 68971-49-3) , fluorescent brightener 351 (4, 4 ' -bis (2-disulfonic acid styryl) biphenyl; CAS: 54351-85-8, and disodium salt thereof: sodium 2, 2 ' - ( [1, 1 ' -biphenyl] -4,4' -diylbis (ethene-2, 1-diyl) ) dibenzenesulfonate; CAS: 27344-41-8) , fluorescent brightener 351 Base (4, 4 ' -bis [2- (2-sulfophenyl) ethenyl] biphenyl; CAS: 38775-22-3) , fluorescent brightener 362 (2, 5-di (5-tert-butylbenzoxazol-2- yl) thiophene; CAS: 52232-33-4) ; fluorescent brightener 367 (1,4- bis (2-benzoxazolyl) naphthalene; CAS: 5089-22-5) , fluorescent brightener 396, optical brightener ER-I (1, 4-bis (2-cyano styryl) benzene; CAS: 13001-39-3) , optical brightener OB-3 (4,4'— bis ( 5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl ) stilbene; CAS: 2397-00-4) , optical brightener KSB (1, -bis (5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl) naphthalene; CAS: 7128-54-5) , optical brighteners ST-1, ST-2 and ST-3, (E) -
4,4' -bis ( (4-anilino-6-morpholino-s-triazin-2yl) amino) 2,2'- stilbenedisulfonic acid (CAS: 32466-46-9) , fluorescent brightener 357 (hexasodium 2 , 2 ' - [ vinylenebis [ ( 3-sulphonato-4 , 1- phenylene) imino [ 6- (diethylamino) -1,3, 5-triazine-4 , 2- diyl] imino] ]bis (benzene-1, 4-disulphonate; CAS: 41098-56-0) , and tetrasodium pyrene-1, 3, 6, 8-tetrasulphonate (CAS: 59572-10-0) .
In a preferred embodiment, the marking agent is a pigment or dye, in particular an optical brightener, for use in waterbased formulations and particularly preferably fluorescent brightener 220 (tetrasodium 4 , 4 ' -bis [ [ 4- [bis ( 2- hydroxyethyl ) amino] -6- (4-sulfonatoanilino) -1, 3, 5-triazin-2- yl] amino] stilbene-2, 2 ' -disulfonate] ; CAS: 16470-24-9) or tetrasodium pyrene-1, 3, 6, 8-tetrasulphonate . It was found that these marking agents impart a combination of particularly advantageous properties to the marking composition. Imprints are formed particularly well and allow an easy determination of impact points and, in addition, these marking agents have a good usability, e.g. because it is particularly easy to remove imprints of marking compositions which contain these marking agents from the playing field.
Inorganic and organic pigments may be treated to break down agglomerates or to comminute pigments before being added to the marking composition, for example by means of a bead mill, a three-roll mill or a disperser. After treatment, pigments typically exhibit increased stability and/or enhanced luminosity.
In a preferred embodiment of the use of the marking composition of the present invention the marking agent is essentially homogenously dispersed in the marking composition. Hence, the concentration of marking agent is essentially the same at each location in the marking composition according to this embodiment. In particular, marking agents present in nonmicroencapsulated forms are considered essentially homogeneously dispersed.
During a game or a match and in consecutive games or matches, it may be beneficial to successively use projectiles comprising different marking agents with different emission properties, such as different colors. If there are multiple imprints
next to each other on a playing field, the emission property can be used to clearly assign an imprint to a projectile.
Furthermore, it is preferred that the marking composition comprises the marking agent and the carrier in a weight ratio ranging from about 1:10000 to 10:1, in particular 1:1000 to 5:1, preferably 1:10 to about 5:1, more preferably from about 1:4 to about 3:1, particularly preferably from about 2:1 to about 1:2.5.
Moreover, the marking composition can comprise one or more additives selected from the group consisting of diluents, fillers, dispersants, identification agents, preservatives and thickeners. In general, it may be preferred that the marking agent, the carrier and the additives comprised in the marking composition are non-hazardous to the users' health.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the marking composition comprises a filler that is preferably selected from the group consisting of talc, calcium carbonate, kaolin, barium sulfate, aluminum stearate, magnesiums stearate, diatomaceous earth, wollastonite, and mixtures thereof.
Fillers may improve the stability of the marking composition by altering the sedimentation properties, flocculation properties and/or chemical stability of the composition.
The marking composition can further comprise a dispersant to improve separation of particles, particularly of pigments, and to prevent their settling and clumping. Suitable dispersants include, for example, polyacrylate dispersants provided by BASF under the name Dispex®.
Moreover, the marking composition can comprise a thickener that is preferably selected from the group consisting of fumed
silica, phyllosilicates, thickeners based on modified urea, such as RHEOBYK 410 (BYK Additives and Instruments GmbH, Wesel) and mixtures thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the marking composition comprises 0.001 to 10 wt.-%, in particular 0.01 to 5 wt.-% and particularly preferably 0.25 to 3 wt.-% thickener, which is in particular fumed silica. It was found that the use of thickener in these preferred amounts facilitates the application of the marking composition on the projectile.
The marking composition can further comprise an identification agent. Suitable identification agents are, for example, inorganic luminescent pigments that can be identified using an optical spectrometer, such inorganic luminescent pigments comprising doped yttrium oxides or doped aluminum oxides. If there are multiple imprints next to each other on a playing field, the identification agent can be used to clearly assign an imprint to a projectile.
In addition, the marking composition can comprise a preservative. The preservative may extend the shelf life of the marking composition. Preferably, the preservative is selected from the group consisting of biocides, natural preservatives and mixtures thereof.
Moreover, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention the marking composition comprises one or more diluents. The one or more diluents reduce the concentration of the components of the marking composition in order to facilitate its application on the surface of the sports projectile, e.g. by reducing the viscosity of the marking composition.
The diluent may be an inorganic solvent or an organic solvent and is preferably selected from the group consisting of water,
dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. According to one embodiment, it is preferred that the marking composition comprises one or more organic solvents as diluents having an evaporation number, determined according to ISO 53170 (diethyl ether = 1) , below 100, particularly preferably of 50 or lower. The solvent may dissolve the carrier and, if applicable, a dye used as marking agent.
Preferably, the marking composition on the surface of the projectile comprises 0.01 to 95 wt.-% marking agent and 2 to 95 wt.-% carrier, in particular 5 to 95 wt.-% marking agent and 5 to 95 wt.-% carrier, particularly preferably 20 to 60 wt.-% marking agent and 40 to 80 wt.-% carrier, and most preferably 30 to 50 wt.-% marking agent and 50 to 70 wt.-% carrier.
Moreover, it is preferred that the marking composition comprises, when applying on the projectile, at least 0.0001, preferably 0.001, in particular 0.5, particularly preferably at least 2 and most preferably at least 4 wt.-% marking agent and at least 1, particularly preferably at least 4, and most preferably at least 6 wt.-% carrier. For example, it may be preferred that the marking composition comprises, when applying on the projectile, 0.0001 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 0.001 to 95 wt.-%, in particular 0.5 to 95 wt.-%, particularly preferably 2 to 40 wt.-%, and most preferably 4 to 25 wt.-% marking agent and 1 to 95 wt.-%, particularly preferably 4 to 50 wt.-% and most preferably 6 to 30 wt.-% carrier.
In another embodiment, the marking composition comprises, when applying on the projectile, 0.0001 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 0.001 to 50 wt.-% and particularly preferably 0.05 to 30 wt.-% marking agent.
It is further preferred that the marking composition comprises, when applying on the projectile, 0 to 98 wt.-%, particu-
larly preferably 40 to 90 wt.-%, and most preferably 70 to 85 wt.-% of one or more diluents.
In one embodiment, the marking composition comprises when applying on the projectile a) 0.5 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 2 to 40 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 4 to 25 wt.-% marking agent, b) 1 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 4 to 50 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 6 to 30 wt.-% carrier, c) 0 to 40 wt.-%, preferably 0 to 15 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 0 to 7 wt.-% thickener, and d) 0 to 98 wt.-%, preferably 40 to 90 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 50 to 85 wt.-% of one or more diluents.
In another embodiment, the marking composition comprises when applying on the projectile a) 0.0001 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 0.001 to 50 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 30 wt.-% marking agent, b) 1 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 4 to 50 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 6 to 30 wt.-% carrier, c) 0 to 40 wt.-%, preferably 0 to 15 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 0 to 7 wt.-% thickener, and d) 0 to 98 wt.-%, preferably 40 to 90 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 50 to 85 wt.-% of one or more diluents.
In another embodiment, the marking composition comprises after application on the sports projectile and drying a) 5 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 20 to 60 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 30 to 50 wt.-% marking agent, b) 5 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 40 to 80 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 50 to 70 wt.-% carrier, and
c) 0 to 40 wt.-%, preferably 0 to 20 wt.-%, and particularly preferably 0 to 15 wt.-% thickener.
In general, the sports projectile can be a projectile for use in volleyball or racket sports, preferably in badminton or tennis, particularly preferably in badminton.
The marking composition may be a liquid, a paste or a waxy solid depending on the components used and their respective amounts .
Marking compositions in the form of a waxy solid may be applied directly on the projectile. It may also be advantageous to apply the waxy solid to the projectile using an applicator similar to a lipstick.
Liquid marking composition can be applied on the projectile by any common liquid application method. Suitable methods for applying the liquid marking composition to the projectile include immersing the projectile in the marking composition, applying the marking composition with an applicator, such as a brush or a sponge, or spraying the marking composition on the projectile.
Marking compositions in the form of a paste may, for example, be applied to the projectile using an applicator, such as a brush or sponge.
According to a preferred embodiment, the marking composition is allowed to dry subsequent to the application on the surface of the projectile. It is particularly preferred that diluents, if present in the marking composition during application on the projectile, have partially evaporated after drying. Most preferably, all diluents that have been present during application on the projectile have substantially completely evaporated after drying. Drying may be performed at ambient conditions or at enhanced drying conditions, such as elevated tem-
peratures or in presence of an air flow. It may be advantageous to use fast evaporating solvents and/or diluents to keep the duration of the drying process low. Therefore, for example, fast evaporating organic solvents may provide an advantage over water in this regard. In particular, the marking composition is allowed to dry subsequent to the application on the surface of the projectile and before use of the projectile for at least about 5 s, in particular at a temperature of about 5°C to about 200°C. For example, the marking composition may be allowed to dry for about 5 s to about 24 h at about 5°C to about 200°C before the projectile is used.
According to another preferred embodiment, after the marking composition has been applied on the projectile and dried, the application and drying is repeated once or repeatedly. In this manner, particular high amounts of marking composition may be applied on the surface of the projectile.
The marking composition may be applied on the surface of a projectile, such as a commercially available projectile, just before using the projectile. The marking composition may also be applied on the projectile as part of the manufacturing process of the projectile.
However, it may be advantageous to apply only small amounts of marking composition on the projectile to avoid impairing the flight characteristics of the projectile. In the case of using a badminton shuttlecock it may be advantageous for the weight of the shuttlecock to be increased by 0.2 g or less, preferably 0.05 g or less, particularly preferably 0.02 g or less after application and, if diluent is present, drying.
In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a marking composition for determining an impact point of a sports projectile on a playing field, wherein the marking composition
is applied on the surface of a sports projectile, and wherein the marking composition comprises a marking agent and a carrier selected from the group consisting of polyester polyols, fatty acid esters, ethoxylated fatty acid esters, natural waxes, synthetic waxes, microcrystalline waxes, lipids, oils, glycerol, and mixtures thereof, preferably the carrier is selected from the group consisting of polyester polyols having a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol or higher, saturated polyester polyols, glycerol fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polysorbates, glycerol, and mixtures thereof and particularly preferably from the group consisting of sorbitan monolaureate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan tristearate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 21, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 61, polysorbate 65, polysorbate 80, polysorbate 81, polysorbate 85, polysorbate 120, glycerol and mixtures thereof.
All composition and material definitions, in each case including all preferred embodiments, which are described above for the use of the marking composition according to the first aspect of the invention, are also suitable for the marking composition as such according to the second aspect of the invention.
Accordingly, it is preferred that the marking agent is selected from pigments and dyes for use under natural or artificial ambient light and pigments and dyes for use under ultraviolet light. Dye and pigments of the marking composition according to the second aspect of the invention may be as defined above in the context of the first aspect of the invention. Accordingly, it is preferred that the marking agent is an inorganic or organic pigment that particularly preferably is an optical brightener.
Furthermore, the marking composition can comprise one or more additives selected from the group consisting of diluents, fillers,
dispersants , identification agents , preservatives and thickeners . Suitable and preferred additives are as defined above .
It is furthermore preferred that the marking agent is essentially homogeneously dispersed in the marking composition .
In a third aspect , the present invention relates to a sports proj ectile comprising a marking composition according to the second aspect of the invention on its surface .
All compositions and material definitions , in each case including all preferred embodiments , which are described above for the marking composition according to the first and second aspect of the invention, are also suitable for marking composition on the surface of the proj ectile according to the third aspect of the invention .
According to a preferred embodiment , the sports proj ecti le further contains a layer compri sing a pressure-sensitive adhesive , upon which the marking composition according to the second aspect of the invention is layered . Particularly preferably, the pressure-sensitive adhesive is selected from the group consisting of natural rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives , synthetic rubber based pressure-sensitive adhesives , acrylic and modi f ied-acrylic based pressure-sensitive adhesives , and silicone-based pressure sensitive adhesives .
Furthermore , a kit of parts is disclosed comprising a marking composition according to the second aspect of the invention, an applicator and optionally a light source and optionally one or more proj ectiles . The applicator may e . g . be a sponge , a brush, or a spray can . Suitable light sources are , for example , portable and non-portable light sources , such as flashlights emitting UV- or visible light and permanently installed
UV spotlights . The proj ectile may, for example , be a ball or a badminton shuttlecock .
All compositions and material definitions , in each case including all preferred embodiments that are described above for the use of a marking composition according to the first aspect of the invention and for the marking composition according to the second aspect of the invention, are also suitable for the marking composition comprised in the kit of parts disclosed herein .
Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing a sports proj ectile , wherein a marking composition according to the first or second aspect of the invention is applied on the surface of the proj ectile .
All processes for preparation including all preferred embodiments that are described above for the use of a marking composition according to the first aspect of the invention and for the marking composition according to the second aspect of the invention are also suitable for the method of manufacturing a sports proj ectile disclosed herein .
The invention disclosed herein is exempli fied by the following examples which should not be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure . Alternative processes of preparation and analogous components will be apparent to those skilled in the art .
Examples
Examples 1 to 5
Five marking compositions according to the present invention were prepared as shown in Table 1 by mixing optical brighteners OB ( 2 , 5-Bis- ( 5-tert . -butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl ) -thiophen; CAS 7128- 64-5 ) or OB- 1 ( 4 , 4 ' -Bis ( 2-benzoxazolyl ) stilbene ; CAS 1533-45-5 ) as marking agent and polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate ( CAS 9005-70-3 ; SABO® FOG TOE ; Sabo ) as carrier . Water or ethanol and optionally fumed silica ( CAS 112945-52-5 ; CAB-O-S IL® M-5 ; Cabot Corporation) were added and then the heads of badminton shuttlecocks were immersed into the marking compositions .
Table 1
Shuttlecocks that had been immersed into one of the aqueous marking composition of Examples 4 and 5 were allowed to dry for about 4 h at ambient conditions . Shuttlecocks that had been immersed into one of the marking composition of Examples 1 to 3 comprising ethanol were allowed to dry for about 10 min at ambient conditions .
The shuttlecocks comprising the marking composition on the surface were used in a badminton game . Impact points of the shuttlecocks on the playing field were determined using a UV light source from the imprints left by the marking composition upon impact on the playing field . A photo of an exemplary imprint , irradiated by means of a UV- f lashlight , is shown as Figure 1 .
Even after 200 racket contacts and more , the impact point on the playing field could still be determined, regardless of whether the contacts were registered in one or several rallies . Moreover, it was possible to determine multiple impact points successively, such as 15 impact points and more , without reapplying the marking composition on the shuttlecock . A survey among amateur and professional players revealed that the handling of the shuttlecocks comprising the marking composition was no di f ferent from the handling of conventional shuttlecocks .
Examples 6 and 7
Marking compositions with the chemical compositions given in Table 2 were prepared . Skywhite® Optical brightener UVT7 . 1 (Hangzhou Tiankun Chem Co . Ltd, 2 , 5-Bis- ( 5-tert . -butyl- benzoxazol-2-yl ) -thiophen ; CAS 7128- 64-5 ) was used as marking agent . Polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate ( CAS 9005-70-3 ; SABO® FOG TOE ; Sabo ) was used as carrier .
Table 2
The marking compositions were provided to badminton players . Before using the marking agents , the badminton players added 50 ml of 77 . 4 wt . -% ethanol to 10 ml of marking agent and then immersed badminton shuttlecocks into the composition . Shuttlecocks were allowed to dry for about 10 min before use .
As for examples 1 to 5 , the shuttlecocks comprising the mark- ing compositions of Examples 6 and 7 were used in a badminton game and equally allowed the determination of impact points on the playing field .
Claims
- 25 -
Claims Use of a marking composition comprising a marking agent and a carrier for determining an impact point of a sports projectile on a playing field, wherein the marking composition is applied on the surface of the sports projectile. Use of a marking composition according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols, fatty acid esters, ethoxylated fatty acid esters, natural waxes, synthetic waxes, microcrystalline waxes, lipids, oils, glycerol and mixtures thereof, and preferably is selected from the group consisting of polyols having a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol or higher, glycerol fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polysorbates, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycerol and mixtures thereof, and particularly preferably from the group consisting of sorbitan monolaureate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan tristearate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 65, polysorbate 80, polysorbate 81, polysorbate 85, polysorbate 120, polysorbate 21, polysorbate 61, polyethylene glycol 32 to 600, polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol or higher, polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 2000 g/mol or lower, glycerol and mixtures thereof. Use of a marking composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the marking composition on the surface of the projectile comprises 5 to 95 wt.-% marking agent and 5 to 95 wt.-% carrier, preferably 20 to 60 wt.-% marking agent
and 40 to 80 wt.-% carrier, and particularly preferably 30 to 50 wt.-% marking agent and 50 to 70 wt.-% carrier. Use of a marking composition according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the marking agent is selected from pigments and dyes for use under natural and/or artificial ambient light and pigments and dyes for use under artificial ultraviolet light. Use of a marking composition according to claim 4, wherein the marking agent is an inorganic or organic pigment that preferably is an optical brightener. Use of a marking composition according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the marking agent is essentially homogeneously dispersed in the marking composition. Use of a marking composition according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the marking composition comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of diluents, fillers, dispersants, identification agents, preservatives, and thickeners. Use of a marking composition according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the sports projectile is a projectile for use in volleyball or racket sports, preferably in badminton or tennis, and particularly preferably in badminton. Use of a marking composition according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the marking composition is allowed to dry subsequent to the application on the surface of the projectile.
Marking composition for determining an impact point of a sports projectile on a playing field, wherein the marking composition is applied on the surface of the sports projectile and wherein the marking composition comprises a marking agent and a carrier selected from the group consisting of polyester polyols, fatty acid esters, ethoxylated fatty acid esters, natural waxes, synthetic waxes, microcrystalline waxes, lipids, oils, glycerol and mixtures thereof, preferably the carrier is selected from the group consisting of polyester polyols having a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol or higher, glycerol fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polysorbates, glycerol and mixtures thereof and particularly preferably from the group consisting of sorbitan monolaureate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan tristearate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 21, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 61, polysorbate 65, polysorbate 80, polysorbate 81, polysorbate 85, polysorbate 120, glycerol and mixtures thereof . Marking composition according to claim 10, wherein the marking agent is selected from pigments and dyes for use under natural or artificial ambient light and pigments and dyes for use under ultraviolet light. Marking composition according to claim 10, wherein the marking agent is an inorganic or organic pigment that preferably is an optical brightener. Marking composition according to any one of claims 10 to 12 comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of diluents, fillers, dispersants, identification agents, preservatives, and thickeners.
- 28 - arking composition according to any one of claims 10 to
13 , wherein the marking agent is essentially homogeneously dispersed in the marking composition . Sports proj ectile comprising a marking composition according to any one of claims 10 to 14 on its surface .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280087192.7A CN118510853A (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2022-12-23 | Marking composition for application to a sporting projectile |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21218416.2 | 2021-12-30 | ||
| EP21218416 | 2021-12-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023126375A1 true WO2023126375A1 (en) | 2023-07-06 |
Family
ID=79230902
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/087826 WO2023126375A1 (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2022-12-23 | Marking composition for application on a sports projectile |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN118510853A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023126375A1 (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4538811A (en) | 1983-03-07 | 1985-09-03 | Wigoda Luis T | Arbitration of tennis by change of colors |
| DE3904458A1 (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1990-08-23 | Helmut Datz | Method for the reversible marking of points of impact |
| US5394824A (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1995-03-07 | Johnson, Jr.; Lawrence F. | Thermochromic sensor for locating an area of contact |
| WO2001041884A1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-14 | Roke Manor Research Limited | Video processor systems for ball tracking in ball games |
| US7241237B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2007-07-10 | Jerry Iggulden | Method and apparatus for temporarily marking a point of contact |
| US20070249435A1 (en) | 2006-04-21 | 2007-10-25 | Rodengen Jeffrey L | System for confirming hit locations on tennis court boundaries |
| US20200299513A1 (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-09-24 | Nike, Inc. | Colorant Solvent System, Methods of Use, and Articles |
-
2022
- 2022-12-23 WO PCT/EP2022/087826 patent/WO2023126375A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-12-23 CN CN202280087192.7A patent/CN118510853A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4538811A (en) | 1983-03-07 | 1985-09-03 | Wigoda Luis T | Arbitration of tennis by change of colors |
| DE3904458A1 (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1990-08-23 | Helmut Datz | Method for the reversible marking of points of impact |
| US5394824A (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1995-03-07 | Johnson, Jr.; Lawrence F. | Thermochromic sensor for locating an area of contact |
| WO2001041884A1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-14 | Roke Manor Research Limited | Video processor systems for ball tracking in ball games |
| US7241237B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2007-07-10 | Jerry Iggulden | Method and apparatus for temporarily marking a point of contact |
| US20070249435A1 (en) | 2006-04-21 | 2007-10-25 | Rodengen Jeffrey L | System for confirming hit locations on tennis court boundaries |
| US20200299513A1 (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-09-24 | Nike, Inc. | Colorant Solvent System, Methods of Use, and Articles |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| CAS , no. 9005-70-3 |
| CAS, no. 112945-52-5 |
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| CN118510853A (en) | 2024-08-16 |
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