WO2023124870A1 - Procédé et dispositif de traitement de lits de déblais de puits horizontaux - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de traitement de lits de déblais de puits horizontaux Download PDF

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WO2023124870A1
WO2023124870A1 PCT/CN2022/137444 CN2022137444W WO2023124870A1 WO 2023124870 A1 WO2023124870 A1 WO 2023124870A1 CN 2022137444 W CN2022137444 W CN 2022137444W WO 2023124870 A1 WO2023124870 A1 WO 2023124870A1
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Prior art keywords
cuttings
drilling
cuttings bed
bed
well section
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PCT/CN2022/137444
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
纪国栋
陈畅畅
武强
黄洪春
刘力
于璟
崔猛
张佳伟
毕文欣
周翠平
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中国石油天然气集团有限公司
中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2023124870A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023124870A1/fr

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/01—Arrangements for handling drilling fluids or cuttings outside the borehole, e.g. mud boxes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling, in particular to a method and a device for treating a cuttings bed of a horizontal well.
  • Horizontal well drilling technology is favored by the drilling industry for its high reservoir discovery rate, high production capacity and low "cost per ton of oil".
  • the proportion of wells completed using this method is increasing year by year, especially with the successful application in unconventional reservoirs such as fractured reservoirs, thin reservoirs and low permeability reservoirs, the production degree of these reservoirs has been greatly improved :
  • horizontal well technology also plays a decisive role in increasing production and improving recovery. Its stable production capacity is 2 to 5 times that of vertical wells. It has gradually become an important means of modern oil and gas exploration and development, and has become the main force of oilfield development.
  • the conventional cleaning methods include: short tripping drilling tools or long-distance backsliding holes; increasing drilling fluid displacement; adjusting drilling fluid rheology; increasing drill pipe speed, etc.
  • the use of these sand cleaning methods is mostly determined by the experience of on-site workers, and there is no complete cuttings bed cleaning plan.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating cuttings beds in horizontal wells, which is used to improve the accuracy and efficiency of cuttings beds in horizontal wells, effectively solve the accumulation problem of cuttings beds in horizontal wells, and improve the development efficiency of horizontal wells.
  • the method include:
  • the distribution of cuttings beds during the whole drilling process is used to describe the predicted accumulation and migration of cuttings beds in each section of the well Condition;
  • the predicted running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section is corrected to obtain the corrected data for the running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section;
  • the correction data of the running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for this well section and the cuttings bed removal plan associated with the cuttings bed height risk level for this well section are output.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a horizontal well cuttings bed treatment device, which is used to improve the accuracy and processing efficiency of the horizontal well cuttings bed treatment, effectively solve the accumulation problem of the horizontal well cuttings bed, and improve the development efficiency of the horizontal well.
  • Devices include:
  • the distribution shape prediction module of the cuttings bed is used to predict the distribution shape of the cuttings bed during the whole drilling process according to the horizontal well drilling engineering information; the distribution shape of the cuttings bed during the whole drilling process is used to describe each predicted well The accumulation and migration of cuttings in the cuttings bed of the section;
  • the cuttings cleaning tool running position prediction module is used to predict the cuttings cleaning tool running position in each well section according to the distribution of the cuttings bed during the whole drilling process;
  • the actual cuttings bed height calculation module is used to calculate the actual cuttings bed height of each well section according to the mud logging data in the drilling process;
  • the cuttings cleaning tool running position correction module is used to correct the predicted cuttings cleaning tool running position of each well section according to the actual cuttings bed height of each well section, and obtain the cuttings of each well section Correction data for the running position of the cleaning tool;
  • the cuttings bed height risk level determination module of the well section is used to determine the cuttings of each well section according to the percentage of cuttings returned during drilling, the degree of deviation of the particle size distribution of drilling cuttings and the change rate of the hook load suspension bed height risk class;
  • the cuttings bed removal program association module is used to associate different cuttings bed height risk levels with different cuttings bed removal programs
  • the data output module is used for outputting, for each well section, the correction data of the running position of the cuttings cleaning tool in the well section and the cuttings bed removal scheme associated with the risk level of the cuttings bed height in the well section.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the computer program, the above-mentioned processing of the cuttings bed of the horizontal well is realized. method.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for processing a cuttings bed in a horizontal well is realized.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for treating a cuttings bed in a horizontal well is realized.
  • the distribution form of the cuttings bed in the whole drilling process is predicted; the distribution form of the cuttings bed in the whole drilling process is used to describe the predicted cuttings bed of each well section Cuttings accumulation and migration; according to the distribution of cuttings beds during the whole drilling process, predict the cutting position of cuttings cleaning tools in each well section; according to the mud logging data during drilling, calculate the actual Cuttings bed height: according to the actual cuttings bed height of each well section, the predicted running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section is corrected to obtain the correction for the running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section data; according to the percentage of cuttings returned from drilling during drilling, the degree of slant front of the particle size distribution of drilling cuttings and the change rate of the hanging weight of the drilling hook, the risk level of cuttings bed height in each well section is determined; different cuttings bed heights Risk level, associated with different cuttings bed removal schemes; for each well section, output the correction data of the cuttings cleaning tool running position of the
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow sheet of a method for processing a cuttings bed in a horizontal well in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cuttings bed processing device for a horizontal well in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a specific illustration of a horizontal well cuttings bed processing device in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is the specific illustration figure of a kind of horizontal well cuttings bed processing method in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a specific example diagram of a cuttings bed treatment device for a horizontal well in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a specific example diagram of a cuttings bed treatment device for a horizontal well in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Horizontal well drilling technology is favored by the drilling industry for its high reservoir discovery rate, high productivity and low "cost per ton of oil".
  • the proportion of the number of completed wells increased year by year, especially with the successful application in unconventional reservoirs such as fractured reservoirs, thin reservoirs and low-permeability reservoirs, the production degree of these reservoirs has been greatly improved: at the same time
  • Horizontal well technology also plays a pivotal role in increasing production and improving recovery. Its stable production capacity is 2 to 5 times that of vertical wells. It has gradually become an important means of modern oil and gas exploration and development, and has become the main force of oilfield development.
  • the cuttings bed can easily lead to high friction and high torque of the drilling tool, and even the twisting of the drilling tool.
  • the cuttings bed can cause the ROP to decrease. Due to the loose arrangement structure among cuttings particles in the cuttings bed, it is easy to form key grooves to cause back pressure, so that the drilling pressure cannot fully act on the drill bit, and at the same time, the lifting and lowering resistance of the drilling tool increases, which reduces the drilling efficiency.
  • the cuttings bed is easy to cause accidents such as drill sticking, resulting in slow progress of the project and prolonging the drilling cycle.
  • the cuttings bed can also lead to problems such as difficulty in logging tools into the well, difficulty in running casing and cementing, and poor cementing quality.
  • the drilling tool is not centered in the horizontal well section, the cuttings are repeatedly rolled into finer particles by the drilling tool, which increases the solid content of the annular drilling fluid, and at the same time reduces the annular space, forming an elliptical wellbore. It is easy to cause the pump to hold the pressure.
  • the cuttings bed is easy to cause mud pockets on the lower drilling tool, resulting in drilling suffocation.
  • the cuttings will sink to form a sand bridge after the pump is stopped, causing sand plugging. If drilling continues, there will be safety hazards.
  • Conventional cleaning methods include: short tripping or long-distance backsliding holes; increasing drilling fluid displacement; adjusting drilling fluid rheology; increasing drill pipe speed, etc.
  • the use of these sand cleaning methods is mostly determined by the experience of on-site workers, and there is no complete cuttings bed cleaning plan. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a complete set of cuttings bed judgment and analysis, and a systematic solution for cleaning and removal to ensure on-site drilling production.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating cuttings beds in horizontal wells, which is used to improve the accuracy and efficiency of cuttings beds in horizontal wells, effectively solve the problem of accumulation of cuttings beds in horizontal wells, and improve water quality.
  • Flat well development benefits see Figure 1, the approach can include:
  • Step 101 According to the horizontal well drilling engineering information, predict the distribution form of the cuttings bed in the whole drilling process; the distribution form of the cuttings bed in the whole drilling process is used to describe the cuttings accumulation and transport situation;
  • Step 102 According to the distribution pattern of the cuttings bed during the whole drilling process, predict the running position of the cuttings cleaning tool in each well section;
  • Step 103 Calculate the actual cuttings bed height of each well section according to the mud logging data in the drilling process
  • Step 104 According to the actual cuttings bed height of each well section, correct the predicted running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section, and obtain the corrected data for the running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section;
  • Step 105 Determine the risk level of cuttings bed height for each well section according to the percentage of cuttings returned from drilling, the degree of deviation of particle size distribution of drilling cuttings, and the change rate of hanging weight of drilling hook during drilling;
  • Step 106 Associating different cuttings bed height risk levels with different cuttings bed removal schemes
  • Step 107 For each well section, output the corrected data of the running position of the cuttings cleaning tool in the well section, and the cuttings bed removal plan associated with the cuttings bed height risk level in the well section.
  • the distribution form of the cuttings bed during the whole drilling process is predicted; cuttings accumulation and migration; according to the distribution of cuttings beds in the whole drilling process, predict the cuttings cleaning tool running position in each well section; calculate the actual rock cuttings in each well section according to the mud logging data
  • Cuttings bed height according to the actual cuttings bed height of each well section, the predicted running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section is corrected to obtain the corrected data for the running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section ;
  • the cuttings bed removal scheme realizes the integrated cuttings bed treatment of horizontal wells integrating pre-drilling simulation prediction, drilling-time diagnosis and evaluation, and rock cleaning operation guidance. It no longer requires manual labor, and can automatically adjust the cutting position and generation of cuttings cleaning tools.
  • the cuttings bed cleaning solution solves the unavoidable error and omission problem in the existing technology based on manual work, improves the accuracy and efficiency of cuttings bed treatment in horizontal wells, and effectively solves the accumulation problem of cuttings beds in horizontal wells; at the same time , and also improved the development efficiency of horizontal wells.
  • the distribution form of the cuttings bed during the whole drilling process is predicted; the above distribution form of the cuttings bed during the whole drilling process is used to describe the cuttings bed of each well segment Accumulation and transport conditions.
  • the distribution form of the cuttings bed during the whole drilling process is predicted, including:
  • the drilling time axis is calculated and simulated to obtain the predicted distribution of cuttings beds during the whole drilling process.
  • the prediction and calculation of the distribution form of the cuttings bed during the whole drilling process can be performed based on the finite volume method as follows:
  • Step 1 Cuttings and drilling fluid satisfy the following mass conservation equation and momentum conservation equation:
  • Step 2 Take intermediate variables W l , W s , W P and matrix F, the expressions of which are respectively:
  • W l , W s , W P and F are intermediate variables; ⁇ l represents the integral fraction of drilling fluid, dimensionless; ⁇ s represents the volume fraction of cuttings, dimensionless; u l represents the flow rate of drilling fluid, unit is m/ s; u s represents the flow velocity of cuttings particles in m/s.
  • Step 3 The flux changes of the conserved variables of the liquid phase, solid phase and mixed momentum terms satisfy:
  • Step 4 After discretization, iterative equation form:
  • the subscripts i and old-i represent the parameter values of well section i and old-i respectively, and the superscripts j and j+1 represent the parameter values of well section at time t and t+ ⁇ t respectively;
  • old -li represents the value of the liquid-phase intermediate variable W l at the well section i at time j; old-si represents the value of the solid-phase intermediate variable W s at the well section i at time j; old-Pi represents the intermediate variable of pressure at the well section i at time j
  • the value of W p ; li represents the value of the liquid-phase intermediate variable W l at the well section i at j+1 time; si represents the value of the solid-phase intermediate variable W s at the i-well segment at j+1 time; Pi represents i at the j+1 time The value of the intermediate pressure variable W p at the well section.
  • liquid phase, solid phase and mixed phase respectively represent: the drilling fluid part, the cuttings part, and the mixed part of drilling fluid and cuttings in the well section.
  • Step 5 Update the flux (i.e. the intermediate variable F) in the drilling section of each horizontal annulus within the time interval ⁇ t, and then perform horizontal calculation and simulation on the time axis to obtain the distribution of cuttings beds during the whole drilling process
  • the shape of the cuttings bed in the whole drilling process can be used to describe the accumulation and migration of cuttings in the whole drilling process.
  • the design of the cuttings cleaning tool arrangement in the key well section (such as the horizontal well section and the highly deviated well section) of the cuttings deposition can be carried out, Such as predicting the running position of cuttings cleaning tools for each well section.
  • the logging data during the above drilling process may include: well depth, penetration rate, drilling fluid density, pump pressure, displacement, well structure, wellbore trajectory, drilling tool assembly, percentage of cuttings returned, cuttings Particle size distribution, change of hook load suspension weight.
  • well depth, drilling speed, drilling fluid density, displacement, well body structure and other parameters are used as calculation input parameters to calculate the actual cuttings bed height of each well section; , Hook load suspension weight changes, the model of the distribution of the cuttings bed in the above drilling process is corrected, and the corrected data of the cuttings cleaning tool running position in each well section is obtained.
  • the predicted running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section is corrected to obtain the correction for the running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section
  • the risk level of the cuttings bed height of each well section is determined according to the percentage of cuttings returned during drilling, the degree of deviation of the particle size distribution of drilling cuttings, and the change rate of the hanging weight of the drilling hook.
  • the risk level of the cuttings bed height of each well section is determined according to the percentage of cuttings returned from drilling, the degree of deviation of the particle size distribution of drilling cuttings and the change rate of the hanging weight of the drilling hook during the drilling process, including:
  • the cuttings bed height risk matrix is pre-established; the cuttings bed height risk matrix is based on the initial drilling hook load suspension weight change rate as the abscissa, the initial drilling cuttings particle size distribution deviation front as the ordinate, and the initial return cuttings percentage as the matrix size;
  • the percentage of drilling cuttings returned during drilling, the degree of slant front of drilling cuttings particle size distribution and the change rate of drilling hook load suspended weight are matched with each divided cuttings bed height risk matrix to obtain the Debris bed height risk class.
  • the percentage of cuttings returned can be defined as the ratio of the quality of cuttings produced by drilling to the quality of cuttings returned from the wellhead:
  • the percentage of returned cuttings reaches a preset value (such as 80%) as a safe drilling mark, and no additional sand cleaning operation is required for drilling operations at this time;
  • the particle size distribution of cuttings in the solid phase of the drilling fluid (that is, the degree of slant of the particle size distribution of drilling cuttings) is the statistics of the diameter of cuttings particles returning to the wellhead. Facies debris particle size distribution map.
  • the particle size distribution diagram of drilling fluid solid phase cuttings presents a normal distribution during normal drilling.
  • the particle size distribution of cuttings is in the shape of left slant front; when the degree of cleanliness of cuttings is high, the particle size distribution of cuttings is in the shape of right slant front.
  • the cuttings cleaning effect can be characterized by the degree of slant front, the higher the degree of left slant front, the lower the cuttings cleaning efficiency, and the higher the degree of right slant front, the higher the cuttings cleaning efficiency.
  • ⁇ is the degree of slant front
  • L is the distance of slant front
  • d 2 is the diameter of the largest cuttings particle
  • d 1 is the diameter of the smallest cuttings particle.
  • the change of hook load suspension weight comes from the increase of solid microparticles in drilling, which is the result of repeated crushing of cuttings.
  • G 1 Mg- ⁇ 1 gV (11)
  • ⁇ is the change rate of the hook load suspended weight
  • G 1 is the theoretical suspended weight
  • M is the total mass of the drilling tool
  • ⁇ 1 is the drilling fluid density
  • V is the total volume of the drilling tool
  • G real is the actual suspended weight.
  • the risk matrix for the height of the cuttings bed is established above.
  • the abscissa can be the change rate of the hook load suspension weight, and the ordinate can be the degree of deviation of the particle size distribution of cuttings.
  • the size of the matrix can be determined by the percentage of cuttings returned. The percentage of rock cuttings becomes lower and shrinks continuously to the upper right (as shown in Figure 6). The reduction ratio is as follows
  • ⁇ is the reduction ratio
  • ⁇ 1 is the actual percentage of rock debris returned.
  • the different Debris bed height risk classes associated with different cuttings bed removal options.
  • different cuttings bed height risk levels are associated with different cuttings bed removal schemes, including:
  • the cuttings bed height risk matrix is divided, and the cuttings bed height risk level associated with each divided cuttings bed height risk matrix is determined, which may specifically be:
  • the distribution form of the cuttings bed during the whole drilling process is predicted; cuttings accumulation and migration; according to the distribution of cuttings beds in the whole drilling process, predict the cuttings cleaning tool running position in each well section; calculate the actual rock cuttings in each well section according to the mud logging data
  • Cuttings bed height according to the actual cuttings bed height of each well section, the predicted running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section is corrected to obtain the corrected data for the running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section ;
  • the cuttings bed removal scheme realizes the integrated cuttings bed treatment of horizontal wells integrating pre-drilling simulation prediction, drilling-time diagnosis and evaluation, and rock cleaning operation guidance. It no longer requires manual labor, and can automatically adjust the cutting position and generation of cuttings cleaning tools.
  • the cuttings bed cleaning solution solves the unavoidable error and omission problem in the existing technology based on manual work, improves the accuracy and efficiency of cuttings bed treatment in horizontal wells, and effectively solves the accumulation problem of cuttings beds in horizontal wells; at the same time , and also improved the development efficiency of horizontal wells.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides an integrated solution of pre-drilling prediction of cuttings bed height, monitoring during drilling and removal during drilling in horizontal wells, which can be used to accurately predict the height of cuttings bed before drilling, formulate cuttings removal plan, and Real-time connection of mud logging tool information, real-time analysis of cuttings bed height, optimization of combined cuttings removal methods, and solution to the accumulation of cuttings beds in horizontal wells.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a cuttings bed processing device for a horizontal well, as described in the following embodiments. Since the problem-solving principle of the device is similar to that of the horizontal well cuttings bed treatment method, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the horizontal well cuttings bed treatment method, and the repetition will not be repeated.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a horizontal well cuttings bed treatment device, which is used to improve the accuracy and processing efficiency of the horizontal well cuttings bed treatment, effectively solve the accumulation problem of the horizontal well cuttings bed, and improve the development efficiency of the horizontal well, such as As shown in Figure 2, the device includes:
  • the distribution shape prediction module 201 of the cuttings bed is used to predict the distribution shape of the cuttings bed during the whole drilling process according to the horizontal well drilling engineering information; the above distribution shape of the cuttings bed during the whole drilling process is used to describe each predicted well The accumulation and migration of cuttings in the cuttings bed of the section;
  • the cuttings cleaning tool running position prediction module 202 is used to predict the cuttings cleaning tool running position of each well section according to the distribution pattern of the cuttings bed in the whole drilling process;
  • the actual cuttings bed height calculation module 203 is used to calculate the actual cuttings bed height of each well section according to the mud logging data in the drilling process;
  • the cuttings cleaning tool running position correction module 204 is used to correct the predicted cuttings cleaning tool running position of each well section according to the actual cuttings bed height of each well section, and obtain the cuttings cleaning tool running position of each well section. Correction data for the running position of the swarf cleaning tool;
  • the cuttings bed height risk level determination module 205 of the well section is used to determine the cuttings bed height risk level of each well section according to the percentage of cuttings returned from drilling, the degree of deviation of the particle size distribution of drilling cuttings, and the change rate of the suspended weight of the drilling hook. dust bed height risk level;
  • the cuttings bed removal plan association module 206 is used to associate different cuttings bed height risk levels with different cuttings bed removal plans
  • the data output module 207 is configured to, for each well section, output the correction data of the running position of the cuttings cleaning tool in the well section and the cuttings bed removal plan associated with the cuttings bed height risk level of the well section.
  • the distribution pattern prediction module of cuttings bed is specifically used for:
  • the drilling time axis is calculated and simulated to obtain the predicted distribution of cuttings beds during the whole drilling process.
  • the risk level determination module of the cuttings bed height of the well section is specifically used for:
  • the cuttings bed height risk matrix is pre-established; the cuttings bed height risk matrix is based on the initial drilling hook load suspension weight change rate as the abscissa, the initial drilling cuttings particle size distribution deviation front as the ordinate, and the initial return cuttings percentage as the matrix size;
  • the percentage of drilling cuttings returned during drilling, the degree of slant front of drilling cuttings particle size distribution and the change rate of drilling hook load suspended weight are matched with each divided cuttings bed height risk matrix to obtain the Debris bed height risk class.
  • the debris bed removal program association module is specifically used for:
  • this embodiment provides an integrated predictive diagnosis and removal scheme applicable to cuttings beds in horizontal wells, which can be used to accurately predict the height of cuttings beds before drilling and formulate a cuttings removal plan . It can be connected to the logging tool information during drilling, analyze the cuttings bed height in real time, optimize the combined cuttings removal method, and solve the problem of cuttings bed accumulation in horizontal wells.
  • 1 is the cuttings bed prediction module
  • 2 is the mud logging tool
  • 3 is the connecting device of the mud logging tool
  • 4 is the central processing computer
  • 5 is the client computer
  • 6 is the normal particle size distribution curve
  • 7 is high cuttings cleaning Efficiency particle size distribution curve
  • 8 is the particle size distribution curve of low cuttings cleaning efficiency
  • 9 is the slant front
  • 10 is the initial cuttings bed height risk matrix
  • 11 is the cuttings back 70% cuttings bed height risk matrix
  • 12 is sand cleaning
  • the low risk area 13 is the medium risk area for sand cleaning
  • the 14 is the high risk area for sand cleaning
  • the 15 is the emergency risk area for sand cleaning.
  • the device in this embodiment can work in conjunction with the mud logging instrument, the mud logging instrument connecting device, the central processing computer, and the client computer, and can further form an integrated cuttings bed of a horizontal well
  • Predictive diagnosis clears the device, specifically as follows:
  • the integrated prediction, diagnosis, and removal equipment for the cuttings bed of the horizontal well can be composed of the cuttings bed prediction module 1 (that is, the above-mentioned cuttings bed distribution pattern prediction module and cuttings cleaning tool lowering position prediction module), Mud logging instrument 2, mud logging instrument connecting device 3, central processing computer 4 (may include the above-mentioned cuttings cleaning tool lowering position correction module, cuttings bed height risk level determination module of well section, and cuttings bed removal scheme association Module and data output module), client computer 5 is formed.
  • the cuttings bed prediction module 1 that is, the above-mentioned cuttings bed distribution pattern prediction module and cuttings cleaning tool lowering position prediction module
  • Mud logging instrument 2 Mud logging instrument 2
  • mud logging instrument connecting device 3 central processing computer 4 (may include the above-mentioned cuttings cleaning tool lowering position correction module, cuttings bed height risk level determination module of well section, and cuttings bed removal scheme association Module and data output module)
  • client computer 5 is formed.
  • the cuttings bed prediction module 1 can be composed of computers with numerical calculation capabilities, and can be based on the finite volume method, combined with drilling engineering design data (that is, the above-mentioned horizontal well drilling engineering information, such as well depth, borehole diameter, row Quantity, properties of drilling fluid, ROP, drill tool assembly, inclination angle, cuttings density), before drilling, calculate the distribution of cuttings bed during the whole drilling process, and guide the design of the running position of the wellbore cleaning tool.
  • drilling engineering design data that is, the above-mentioned horizontal well drilling engineering information, such as well depth, borehole diameter, row Quantity, properties of drilling fluid, ROP, drill tool assembly, inclination angle, cuttings density
  • the cuttings bed prediction module 1 in the cuttings bed integrated prediction, diagnosis and removal device for horizontal wells, cuttings and drilling fluid satisfy the mass conservation equation and the momentum conservation equation:
  • Step 4 After discretization, the form of the iterative equation is shown in the above formulas (5)-(7).
  • the subscripts i and old-i represent the parameter values of well section i and old-i respectively, and the superscripts j and j+1 represent the parameter values of well section at time t and t+ ⁇ t respectively;
  • old -li represents the value of the liquid-phase intermediate variable W l at the well section i at time j; old-si represents the value of the solid-phase intermediate variable W s at the well section i at time j; old-Pi represents the intermediate variable of pressure at the well section i at time j
  • the value of W p ; li represents the value of the liquid-phase intermediate variable W l at the well section i at j+1 time; si represents the value of the solid-phase intermediate variable W s at the i-well segment at j+1 time; Pi represents i at the j+1 time The value of the intermediate pressure variable W p at the well section.
  • liquid phase, solid phase and mixed phase respectively represent: the drilling fluid part, the cuttings part, and the mixed part of drilling fluid and cuttings in the well section.
  • the flux F in each grid is updated within the time interval ⁇ t, and then calculated and simulated horizontally by the time axis, the accumulation and migration of cuttings in the whole drilling process can be obtained.
  • the real-time mud logging data of the mud logging tool 2 in the cuttings bed integrated predictive diagnosis and removal device of this horizontal well may include: well depth, drilling speed, drilling fluid density, pump pressure, displacement, well structure , wellbore trajectory, drilling tool assembly, percentage of cuttings returned, particle size distribution of cuttings.
  • the mud logging tool 2 in the horizontal well cuttings bed integrated predictive diagnosis and removal device can transmit the collected data to the central processing computer 4 in real time through the mud logging tool connection device 3 for calculation and processing.
  • the real-time monitoring of the cuttings bed height in the horizontal well cuttings bed integrated prediction diagnosis and removal device can include three parts, the percentage of returned cuttings, and the granularity of cuttings in the solid phase of drilling fluid. Distribution, change of hook load suspension weight.
  • the percentage of cuttings returned is defined as the ratio of the quality of cuttings produced by drilling to the quality of cuttings returned from the wellhead.
  • the percentage of cuttings returned reaches 80%, it is a sign of safe drilling, and no additional sand cleaning operation is required for drilling operations at this time.
  • the diameter of cuttings particles in the particle size distribution diagram of cuttings is taken as the average diameter of the three axes, and the particle size distribution diagram of cuttings in the solid phase of drilling fluid presents a normal distribution during normal drilling6.
  • the particle size distribution of cuttings is in the shape of left slant front8, and when the degree of cleanliness of cuttings is high, the particle size distribution of cuttings is in the shape of right slant7.
  • the particle size distribution diagram of cuttings characterizes the cleaning effect of cuttings by the degree of slant front, and the degree of slant front is defined as the ratio of the distance of slant front 9 to the span of particle size of cuttings.
  • ⁇ is the degree of slant front
  • L is the distance of slant front
  • d 2 is the diameter of the largest cuttings particle
  • d 1 is the diameter of the smallest cuttings particle.
  • the change of hook load suspension weight comes from the increase of solid microparticles in drilling, which is the result of repeated crushing of cuttings.
  • G 1 Mg- ⁇ 1 gV (11)
  • ⁇ is the change rate of the hook load suspended weight
  • G 1 is the theoretical suspended weight
  • M is the total mass of the drilling tool
  • ⁇ 1 is the drilling fluid density
  • V is the total volume of the drilling tool
  • G real is the actual suspended weight.
  • the abscissa is the change rate of the hook load suspension, and the ordinate is the slant front degree of the particle size distribution of cuttings.
  • the size of the matrix is determined by the percentage of returned cuttings.
  • a risk matrix 10 for the height of the cuttings bed is established. The percentage of debris becomes lower and shrinks to the upper right.
  • risk matrix 11 scales down as follows
  • ⁇ is the reduction ratio
  • ⁇ 1 is the actual percentage of rock debris returned.
  • the cuttings bed height risk matrix of the embodiment of the present invention can be based on the risk level division method proposed in the American Petroleum Institute (American Petroleum Institute, API) API 581 "Risk-Based Inspection-Basic Resource Document", to build.
  • the dividing line is the value of A.
  • the division of the cuttings bed height risk matrix is based on the value obtained through a large number of engineering practices, and this value can be freely set by the staff according to the actual drilling situation.
  • the debris bed height risk matrix can be divided into 4 parts, and the dividing lines of the 4 parts are 0.4, 1, and 1.6. Facing different risks: sand cleaning low risk area (i.e. the above-mentioned low cuttings bed height risk level area) 12 chooses the sand cleaning method to increase the drilling fluid displacement; sand cleaning medium risk area (i.e.
  • the sand cleaning method is selected to adjust the rheological properties of the drilling fluid and increase the rock-carrying ability of the drilling fluid.
  • the central processing computer 4 evaluates the cuttings bed height and drilling risk in real time, compares it with the predicted cuttings bed height curve, and optimizes the lowering position of the cuttings cleaning tool.
  • the risk matrix calculation is completed in the central processing computer 4, and the cuttings cleaning program design is completed, and the cuttings generated by the central processing computer 4 are processed
  • the scheme is transmitted to the client computer 5 for guiding on-site cuttings cleaning operations.
  • the supporting scheme for the integrated prediction, diagnosis and removal of cuttings beds in horizontal wells is as follows:
  • the computer enters the drilling engineering information, calculates the distribution of the cuttings bed in the whole well section, designs the cuttings cleaning tool loading position, and transmits it to the central processing computer;
  • the mud logging instrument is connected to the central processing computer to carry out real-time risk assessment of cuttings bed, designate the sand cleaning plan, compare with the predicted distribution of cuttings bed, and optimize the entry position of cuttings cleaning tools;
  • the central processing computer transmits the generated cuttings removal plan and the tool running plan to the client computer in real time, and the drilling site tool construction plan is used for sand removal operations.
  • the integrated horizontal well cuttings bed prediction, diagnosis and removal scheme has been realized. Its biggest advantage is that it integrates pre-drilling simulation prediction, drilling-time diagnosis and evaluation, rock cleaning operation tools, and rock cleaning operation guidance to solve the problem of horizontal well cuttings bed.
  • the problem of cuttings migration in the section can reduce the drilling risk caused by the accumulation of cuttings bed during horizontal well drilling; cuttings bed prediction is used to accurately predict the height and position of cuttings bed before drilling, and carry out cuttings cleaning tool for cuttings deposition Layout design; the above-mentioned mud logging device connection device collects and transmits data in real time, and the central processing computer calculates and analyzes the distribution of cuttings beds in real time and outputs them to the client computer, and the calculation results are output in real time. Realize the effect of reducing the frictional torque and pipe sticking risk in the horizontal section, increasing the ROP, and further improving the development efficiency of horizontal wells.
  • the present invention also proposes a computer device 500, including a memory 510, a processor 520, and a computer program 530 stored in the memory 510 and operable on the processor 520.
  • the processor 520 executes the computer program 530, the above method for treating the cuttings bed of the horizontal well is realized.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for processing a cuttings bed in a horizontal well is realized.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for treating a cuttings bed in a horizontal well is realized.
  • the distribution form of the cuttings bed in the whole drilling process is predicted; the distribution form of the cuttings bed in the whole drilling process is used to describe the predicted cuttings bed of each well section Cuttings accumulation and migration; according to the distribution of cuttings beds during the whole drilling process, predict the cutting position of cuttings cleaning tools in each well section; according to the mud logging data during drilling, calculate the actual Cuttings bed height: according to the actual cuttings bed height of each well section, the predicted running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section is corrected to obtain the correction for the running position of the cuttings cleaning tool for each well section data; according to the percentage of cuttings returned from drilling during drilling, the degree of slant front of the particle size distribution of drilling cuttings and the change rate of the hanging weight of the drilling hook, the risk level of cuttings bed height in each well section is determined; different cuttings bed heights Risk level, associated with different cuttings bed removal schemes; for each well section, output the correction data of the cuttings cleaning tool running position of the
  • the cuttings bed removal scheme realizes the integrated cuttings bed treatment of horizontal wells that integrates pre-drilling simulation prediction, drilling-time diagnosis and evaluation, and rock cleaning operation guidance. It no longer requires manual labor, and can automatically adjust the cutting position and location of cuttings cleaning tools. Generate a cuttings bed cleaning plan, which solves the unavoidable error and omission problem based on manual work in the existing technology, improves the accuracy and efficiency of cuttings bed processing in horizontal wells, and effectively solves the accumulation problem of cuttings beds in horizontal wells; At the same time, it also improves the development efficiency of horizontal wells.
  • the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present invention can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
  • computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions
  • the device realizes the function specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.

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Abstract

Sont divulgués un procédé et un dispositif de traitement de lits de déblais de puits horizontaux. Le procédé consiste : à prédire, en fonction d'informations d'ingénierie de forage de puits horizontaux, des modèles de distribution de lits de déblais dans l'ensemble du processus de forage ; à déterminer un niveau de risque de hauteur de lit de déblais pour chaque section de puits ; et à fournir en sortie une solution de retrait de lit de déblais associée pour la section de puits. La présente invention peut améliorer la précision et l'efficacité de traitement de lits de déblais de puits horizontaux, et résout efficacement le problème d'accumulation de lits de déblais pour des puits horizontaux.
PCT/CN2022/137444 2021-12-31 2022-12-08 Procédé et dispositif de traitement de lits de déblais de puits horizontaux WO2023124870A1 (fr)

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