WO2023124037A1 - Procédé et dispositif de formation d'un matériau composite à fibre continue par combinaison d'une fabrication additive et d'une fabrication soustractive - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de formation d'un matériau composite à fibre continue par combinaison d'une fabrication additive et d'une fabrication soustractive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023124037A1
WO2023124037A1 PCT/CN2022/107547 CN2022107547W WO2023124037A1 WO 2023124037 A1 WO2023124037 A1 WO 2023124037A1 CN 2022107547 W CN2022107547 W CN 2022107547W WO 2023124037 A1 WO2023124037 A1 WO 2023124037A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser
materials
continuous fiber
additive
forming
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PCT/CN2022/107547
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
单忠德
林初明
范聪泽
宋文哲
刘琳
张蕾
刘东榕
Original Assignee
南京航空航天大学
山东中康国创先进印染技术研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2023124037A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023124037A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of composite manufacturing of additive and subtractive materials, and in particular relates to a composite forming method of additive and subtractive materials of continuous fiber composite materials and a device used therefor.
  • FDM Fused deposition modeling
  • the compound manufacturing method of adding and subtracting materials can be adopted, but the traditional method of reducing materials such as turning and milling needs to design fixtures to fix the parts, which increases the complexity of the equipment, the structure of the working platform is complicated, and the parts fixed by the fixtures will also cause Parts are deformed by force, and different resin and fiber materials need to be researched and optimized for tool materials and cutting processes. The process is complex and time-consuming, and improper selection of cutting processes and tool materials may damage parts.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to research and design a new continuous fiber composite material forming method combined with addition and subtraction materials, so as to improve the forming accuracy of FDM process printing continuous fiber composite material parts.
  • the present invention proposes a continuous fiber composite material forming method of adding and subtracting materials, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the outline path is biased outward, so that the actual additive manufacturing part size is slightly larger than the ideal model size, leaving a margin for the subtractive manufacturing; the continuous fiber is carried out inside the layer slice outline Infill printing, outlines are printed in pure thermoplastic resin-based materials.
  • the continuous fibers include one or more of carbon fibers, Kevlar fibers, glass fibers, carbon nanotube fibers, basalt fibers, aramid fibers, ceramic fibers, and metal fibers.
  • thermoplastic resin includes polylactic acid material, ABS resin material, nylon material, polycarbonate material, polyether ether ketone material, polyarylether ketone material, polyamide sub-material, PPSU material, polyether imide One or more of amine materials and polyphenylene sulfone resin materials.
  • the present invention has the advantages of:
  • the additive and subtractive material composite manufacturing method is adopted for continuous fiber composite materials, which improves the forming accuracy of FDM process printing;
  • the laser subtractive material processing method is adopted to simplify the equipment structure, and there is no need for fixture design or special forming platform design;
  • the laser belongs to non-contact processing, which reduces the processing stress and mechanical deformation, can be completed instantaneously, and has high processing efficiency; the space control and time control of the laser are very good, and the freedom of the material and shape of the processing object is very good. Large, the process of process research is greatly simplified compared to tool cutting.
  • a non-contact binocular camera is used for part size measurement and material reduction path planning, without manual observation and addition of material reduction paths, which improves the degree of automation, avoids the interference of measurement on parts, and determines the The trajectory and position of the subtractive manufacturing are determined, which provides a basis for the subtractive manufacturing, and further improves the forming accuracy of the parts.
  • the present invention also provides the device used in the above-mentioned continuous fiber composite material forming method of adding and subtracting materials, adopting the following technical scheme: comprising a forming platform, a frame located on both sides of the forming platform, a first beam and a second beam located on the frame , a wire feeding mechanism and a printing nozzle located on the first beam, and a laser located on the second beam; the frames on both sides are provided with a first longitudinal beam and a second longitudinal beam extending perpendicularly to the first beam, and the The second longitudinal beam is located above the first longitudinal beam; the first transverse beam and the second transverse beam both straddle the first longitudinal beams on both sides and reciprocate along the extending direction of the first longitudinal beam; the printing nozzle extends along the first transverse beam
  • the laser moves back and forth in the extending direction of the second beam; the first longitudinal beams on both sides are respectively provided with a three-dimensional measuring device; the three-dimensional measuring device moves back and forth along the extending direction of the first longitudinal beam.
  • the three-dimensional measurement device is a camera-type structured light three-dimensional scanner.
  • the laser includes one of a femtosecond laser, a picosecond laser, and a nanosecond laser.
  • the printing nozzle is driven by the first beam to move according to the material-adding path, and the thermoplastic resin material is melted after entering the printing nozzle through the wire feeding mechanism, impregnated with continuous carbon fibers, and deposited on the forming platform together.
  • the current layer is completed to form the next layer, and the additive forming process is completed layer by layer.
  • thermoplastic resin is used for additive forming on the contour of the part, and thermoplastic resin and continuous fiber are used for additive forming inside the contour.
  • the laser includes one of a femtosecond laser, a picosecond laser, and a nanosecond laser.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the forming method of the continuous fiber composite material combined with the addition and subtraction materials implemented in the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of additive path planning.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a device used in the continuous fiber composite material forming method of adding and subtracting materials.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram of the additive manufacturing process for the device used.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic of the subtractive manufacturing process for the device used.
  • the process flow of the continuous fiber composite material forming method of additive and subtractive materials is shown in Figure 1.
  • the continuous fiber is selected from carbon fiber, and the thermoplastic resin matrix material is selected from polylactic acid material.
  • the additive and subtractive materials are combined according to the following steps.
  • the continuous carbon fiber and polylactic acid filament enter the printing nozzle under the action of the wire feeding mechanism, the printing nozzle is heated above the melting point of polylactic acid, the polylactic acid is heated to impregnate the continuous carbon fiber, and is extruded and deposited on the forming platform.
  • the nozzle first prints the continuous fiber internal filling path according to the designed additive path, and then prints the pure resin outline part. After the printing is completed, the forming platform is lowered by a height, and the next layer of additive printing is performed. material manufacturing.
  • the photo-type structured light 3D scanner detects the actual size of the part, constructs the actual 3D part model, and compares it with the ideal model size of the part, and at the same time collects the appearance and shape data information of the part through image recognition and other programs to obtain the part surface Defect forms and defect positions such as polylactic acid protrusions and wire drawing, and the material reduction path is planned according to the obtained size difference data and appearance data.
  • this embodiment is the device used in the continuous fiber composite material forming method using the addition and subtraction materials in the first embodiment.
  • the device includes a forming platform 12, a frame 3 located on both sides of the forming platform, a first beam 8 and a second beam 9 located on the frame 3, a second wire feeding mechanism 6 and a printing nozzle 7 located on the first beam 8, and a
  • the forming platform 12 and the print head 7 can be preheated.
  • the frames on both sides are provided with a first longitudinal beam 13 and a second longitudinal beam 14 extending perpendicular to the first cross beam 8 .
  • the second longitudinal beam 14 is located above the first longitudinal beam 13 .
  • Both the first beam 8 and the second beam 9 straddle the first longitudinal beams 13 on both sides and reciprocate along the extending direction of the first longitudinal beams 13 .
  • the print head 7 reciprocates along the extending direction of the first beam 8 .
  • the laser 10 moves back and forth in the extending direction of the second beam 9 .
  • a three-dimensional measuring device is respectively provided on the first longitudinal beams 13 on both sides; the three-dimensional measuring device moves back and forth along the extending direction of the first longitudinal beams 13 .
  • the three-dimensional measuring devices on both sides are the first binocular camera 1 and the second binocular camera 11 respectively.
  • the polylactic acid resin filament is drawn out from the wire tray 4, passed through the first wire feeding mechanism 5, and introduced into the printing nozzle 7, and the continuous carbon fiber is drawn out from the fiber take-up and release shaft 2, and passed through the first wire feeding mechanism 5.
  • the second wire feeding mechanism 6 is introduced into the print head 7 .
  • the printing nozzle 7 is driven by the first movement mechanism 8 to move according to the material-adding path, the first wire feeding mechanism 5 and the second wire feeding mechanism 6 perform wire feeding, and the polylactic acid filament enters the printing nozzle 7 and is melted and impregnated Continuous carbon fibers are deposited on the forming platform 12 together to complete the current layer and form the next layer, and the additive forming process is completed layer by layer.
  • the part outline is only made of thermoplastic resin for additive forming, and the inside of the outline is made of thermoplastic resin and fiber.
  • the second wire feeding mechanism 6 can realize the functions of fiber tensioning and shearing, and can shear the fibers to realize the pure resin additive molding of the outline part of the part.
  • the first binocular camera 1 and the second binocular camera 11 detect the actual size of the part, establish the actual three-dimensional model size of the part and compare it with the ideal model size of the part, and at the same time collect the appearance and shape data information of the part, and obtain the surface protrusions of the part, For defects such as wire drawing, the material reduction path is planned according to the obtained size difference data and appearance data, and the process parameters of the material reduction process are set;
  • the laser 10 Driven by the second motion mechanism 9 , the laser 10 performs rough laser material reduction on the pure resin material at the contour of the part according to the planned material reduction path, and then conducts a contour refinement after the rough material reduction is completed.
  • the material reduction process is shown in FIG. 5 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de formation d'un matériau composite à fibre continue par combinaison d'une fabrication additive et d'une fabrication soustractive. Selon la présente invention, un filament de résine et une fibre continue sont introduits dans une tête d'impression et sont fondus et déposés, pour former d'abord un matériau composite renforcé par une fibre continue par fabrication additive par formation par dépôt de matière fondue ; et, une fois la formation achevée, une acquisition de données de taille et de morphologie est effectuée pour obtenir la taille réelle d'une pièce ; un trajet soustractif est planifié, et une formation soustractive est mise en œuvre par un laser. Selon la présente invention, une formation additive et une formation soustractive sont utilisées pour le matériau composite à fibre continue, une formation additive est effectuée par dépôt de matière fondue, puis un usinage soustractif au laser est effectué, de telle sorte qu'une structure de dispositif est simplifiée, les contraintes d'usinage et la déformation mécanique sont réduites, une mesure tridimensionnelle et une planification soustractive sont effectuées sur la pièce, le degré d'automatisation est amélioré, et la précision de formation de la pièce constituée du matériau composite à fibre continue est améliorée de manière globale.
PCT/CN2022/107547 2021-12-28 2022-07-23 Procédé et dispositif de formation d'un matériau composite à fibre continue par combinaison d'une fabrication additive et d'une fabrication soustractive WO2023124037A1 (fr)

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CN202111628723.2 2021-12-28
CN202111628723.2A CN114683534A (zh) 2021-12-28 2021-12-28 一种增减材复合的连续纤维复合材料成形方法及所用装置

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CN115320093B (zh) * 2022-09-02 2024-05-28 西安交通大学 一种面向复合材料稀疏结构的高效3d打印装置及方法
CN115889973B (zh) * 2022-12-26 2024-02-20 广东省科学院智能制造研究所 一种陶瓷模具模芯激光增减材制造方法
CN117400002A (zh) * 2023-12-15 2024-01-16 中科德迈(沈阳)智能装备有限公司 增等减材复合制造装置及质量监控与智能控制方法

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CN117930416A (zh) * 2024-03-14 2024-04-26 香港科技大学(广州) 一种基于碳纤维复合材料的太赫兹偏振片

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