WO2023123921A1 - 光传输结构和头戴显示设备 - Google Patents

光传输结构和头戴显示设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023123921A1
WO2023123921A1 PCT/CN2022/100338 CN2022100338W WO2023123921A1 WO 2023123921 A1 WO2023123921 A1 WO 2023123921A1 CN 2022100338 W CN2022100338 W CN 2022100338W WO 2023123921 A1 WO2023123921 A1 WO 2023123921A1
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grating
coupling
gratings
pupil
pupil expansion
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PCT/CN2022/100338
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English (en)
French (fr)
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程鑫
吾晓
饶轶
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歌尔光学科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023123921A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023123921A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of diffractive optical devices, in particular to a light transmission structure and a head-mounted display device.
  • AR Augmented Reality, Augmented Reality
  • display is a technology that calculates the position and angle of camera images in real time and adds corresponding images, videos, and 3D models.
  • the goal of this technology is to put the virtual world on the screen in reality. world and interact with it.
  • AR display generally emits incident light from the image source, passes through the optical waveguide, and then enters the human eye for viewing.
  • an optical waveguide usually has three or more grating regions, such as functional regions such as light in-coupling, light pupil expansion, and light out-coupling, and is a device capable of expanding the pupil.
  • the size of the pupil dilation is relatively large, and it needs to be close to the light coupling area, so that the area occupied by the imaging area is small, and it will also have a great impact on the external light. Conducive to the user's viewing experience.
  • the optical transmission structure proposed by the present invention includes:
  • the coupling-in grating is arranged on the surface of the substrate;
  • Two pupil expansion gratings are arranged between the in-coupling grating and the out-coupling grating, and are arranged side by side in a direction perpendicular to the in-coupling grating to the out-coupling grating;
  • the light coupled out from the in-coupling grating is directed to the two pupil-expanding gratings, and the two pupil-expanding gratings expand the pupils of the light respectively and shoot to the out-coupling grating, and the light in the out-coupling grating is expanded Retropupillary ejection imaging.
  • the two pupil expansion gratings are one-dimensional gratings and are arranged on the same surface of the substrate, and the two opposing edges of the two pupil expansion gratings are arranged in abutment.
  • the pupil expansion grating is a one-dimensional grating
  • the two pupil expansion gratings are respectively arranged on two surfaces of the substrate, and the projections of the two pupil expansion gratings on the substrate overlap.
  • the coupling-in grating is located on a perpendicular line in the arrangement direction of the two pupil expansion gratings.
  • the grating vector directions of the coupling-in grating and the coupling-out grating are the same, and the period lengths of the two are the same, and the grating vectors of the two pupil-expanding gratings and the coupling-in grating have the same vector direction space The sum of the vectors is 0;
  • the sum of the grating vectors of the two pupil expansion gratings and the outcoupling grating in the vector direction space is 0.
  • the period lengths of the two pupil expansion gratings are the same, the grating vector directions of the two outcoupling gratings are arranged symmetrically with respect to the abutting edge of the two, and both the pupil expansion gratings have Pupil expansion, wherein one pupil expansion grating has a pupil expansion in a second direction, and the other pupil expansion has a pupil expansion in a direction away from the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction form an included angle.
  • the period length of the coupling-in grating and the pupil expansion grating is different, and the period length of the coupling-in grating and the coupling-out grating is T1, then T1 is greater than or equal to 200nm and less than or equal to 600nm;
  • the period length of the pupil expansion grating is T2, then T2 is greater than or equal to 200 nm and less than or equal to 600 nm.
  • the included angle between the pupil expansion grating and the vector direction of the coupling-in grating ranges from 30° to 70°.
  • the two pupil expansion gratings are two two-dimensional gratings, arranged symmetrically along the central axis of the base, and the period lengths of the two pupil expansion gratings are the same;
  • the coupling-in grating is a surface relief grating, a liquid crystal polarization grating or a polymer bulk grating;
  • the outcoupling grating is a surface relief grating, a liquid crystal polarization grating or a polymer bulk grating;
  • the pupil expanding grating is a surface relief grating, a liquid crystal polarization grating or a polymer bulk grating.
  • the present invention further proposes a head-mounted display device, the head-mounted display device includes an image source and the above-mentioned light transmission structure, and the light transmission structure is located on the light output side of the image source.
  • the light transmission structure includes a base and an in-coupling grating arranged on the base, two pupil expansion gratings and an out-coupling grating, and the two pupil expansion gratings are arranged side by side on the light-out side of the in-coupling grating, so that both Both can accept light coupled in from the in-coupling grating, and the two pupil-expanding gratings directly shoot to the out-coupling grating on the rear side after the pupil is expanded, and the out-coupling grating can couple out the light after the pupil is expanded.
  • the structure can increase the distance between the pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating, thereby making it easy to hide the incoupling grating and the pupil expansion grating, reserve the area of the outcoupling grating for viewing, and increase the area occupied by the outcoupling area; and
  • the pupil dilation grating When external light enters the light transmission structure, it is not affected by the pupil dilation grating, which reduces interference to the display surface and improves viewing experience.
  • Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional view of an embodiment of the light transmission structure of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a light propagation route diagram of the light transmission structure shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the light transmission structure of the present invention.
  • connection and “fixation” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, “fixation” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • fixation can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • a light transmission structure 100 includes a base 10, an in-coupling grating 20, an out-coupling grating 30 and two pupil expanding gratings 40, and the in-coupling grating 20 is set on the surface of the substrate 10; the outcoupling grating 30 is arranged on the surface of the substrate 10; the two pupil expansion gratings 40 are arranged between the incoupling grating 20 and the outcoupling grating 30, and are perpendicular to The in-coupling grating 20 is arranged side by side in the direction from the out-coupling grating 30;
  • the light coupled out from the in-coupling grating 20 all shoots to the two pupil expansion gratings 40, and the two pupil expansion gratings 40 respectively expand the pupils of the light to the out-coupling grating 30, and the out-coupling grating 30
  • the light in the pupil is dilated and then emitted into the image.
  • the light transmission structure 100 is applied in the field of AR display, for example, the light transmission structure 100 is applied in AR glasses, and the light transmission structure 100 may be an optical waveguide or other components that realize light transmission.
  • the substrate 10 is also called a dielectric optical waveguide, which is generally planar and has an in-coupling area for receiving incident light and an out-coupling area for projecting the light out. Shot out of zone.
  • one surface of the substrate 10 is set as the first surface, and the other surface is set as the second surface.
  • the base 10 can also be configured as a cylinder, which can be designed according to the desired product.
  • the material of the substrate 10 may be epoxy resin or other organic materials, or inorganic materials such as heavy flint glass, which is not limited here.
  • the transmission of incident light in the substrate 10 needs to meet two conditions.
  • One is that the light is emitted from the optically denser medium to the optically rarer medium, and the refractive index of the medium inside the substrate 10 is greater than that of the external medium, that is, the refractive index of the substrate 10
  • the rate must be greater than 1 (the refractive index of air is 1); the other is that the incident angle of light must be greater than the critical angle.
  • the optical substrate 10 further includes an in-coupling grating 20 disposed on the surface of the substrate 10 and located in an in-coupling region for coupling light into the substrate 10 .
  • the coupling grating 20 can change the incident angle of the incident light entering the substrate 10 , so that the incident angle is greater than or equal to the critical angle, and then the light can be totally reflected in the substrate 10 to complete the light transmission.
  • the coupling-in grating 20 can be embossed in the coupling-in area as a separate optical element, or the structure of the coupling-in grating 20 can be formed in the coupling-in area of the substrate 10 .
  • the outcoupling grating 30 is located in the outcoupling area.
  • the outcoupling grating 30 increases the area of the outcoupling image.
  • the outcoupling grating 30 and the pupil expansion grating 40 can be pasted on the substrate 10 as separate optical elements, or can be directly processed and formed on the substrate 10 .
  • the incident angle is deflected again. For example, if the incident angle is smaller than the critical angle of total reflection, the incident light is transmitted through the substrate 10, so that it exits to form a display image and is captured by the human eye. .
  • two pupil expansion gratings 40 are set, and the two pupil expansion gratings 40 are arranged side by side, and the direction of the side by side is perpendicular to the direction from coupling-in grating 20 to coupling-out grating 30, then can simultaneously The light transmitted by the in-coupling grating 20 is received, and the light after the pupil expansion is made to enter the out-coupling grating 30 .
  • the two pupil dilation gratings 40 may be located on the same surface of the substrate 10, or may be located on two opposite surfaces of the substrate 10, that is, respectively located on the first surface and the second surface.
  • the two pupil dilation gratings 40 are arranged side by side, and the projections of the two pupil dilation gratings 40 on the substrate 10 may be arranged at intervals, arranged in contact with each other, or arranged in an overlapping manner, which is not limited here.
  • the pupil expansion grating 40 is a one-dimensional grating, and the two pupil expansion gratings 40 are respectively arranged on the two surfaces of the substrate 10, and the projections of the two pupil expansion gratings 40 on the substrate 10 overlap. .
  • two pupil expansion gratings 40 are arranged overlappingly, they can be respectively arranged on the first surface and the second surface, so that both are one-dimensional gratings, which is convenient for processing.
  • the two pupil expansion gratings 40 are located on the same straight line along the direction from the in-coupling area to the out-coupling area.
  • the two pupil expansion gratings 40 can also be arranged in a misalignment along the direction from the coupling-in area to the out-coupling area, and the distance between the two pupil expansion gratings 40 should not exceed 0.5mm.
  • the overlapping portion can be set as a two-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional photonic crystal.
  • the shape of the outcoupling grating 30 is not limited, and its cross-sectional shape can be a cuboid or a cube, etc.
  • a microstructure for changing the incident angle of light will be provided on the surface of the outcoupling grating 30, such as the arrangement of the grating lines in the figure , which will not be described here.
  • the shape of the coupling-in grating 20 is also not limited, and its cross-sectional shape may be circular, rectangular, or irregular.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the coupling-in grating 20 can be set to be circular, which matches the shape of the output tube of the optical machine, so as to better receive light.
  • the coupling-in grating 20 is composed of a plurality of micro-optical structures arranged in an array, such as the coupling-in grating 20 line in the figure, so as to deflect the incident angle of the incident light.
  • the diffracted light 1001 is transmitted through the total reflection of the substrate 10 to the two pupil expansion gratings 40, after the grating directions of the two pupil expansion gratings 40 are designed , that is, the direction of the grating vector is perpendicular to the direction of the grating lines.
  • light 1001 enters one of the pupil dilation gratings 40 it will produce diffracted light 1002 that propagates upward and light that continues to propagate along the original direction, and light 1002 is incident on the pupil dilation grating again At 40, diffracted light 1003 will be generated, the diffracted direction is the same as that of diffracted ray 1001, and 1002 will continue to propagate along the original direction, thereby completing the pupil dilation in the upper half.
  • the outcoupled diffracted light 1004 is generated and continues to propagate forward. All outcoupling light will cover the upper half area of the outcoupling grating 30 .
  • the light that enters another pupil expansion grating 40 through the in-coupling grating 20 is similar to the behavior of entering the above-mentioned pupil expansion grating 40 , presenting a symmetrical state, and the out-coupling light will cover the lower half area of the out-coupling grating 30 . Finally, through the two-dimension pupil dilation of the two pupil dilation gratings 40, the light will cover the outcoupling area watched by human eyes, improving the display effect.
  • the light transmission structure 100 includes a substrate 10 and an in-coupling grating 20 disposed on the substrate 10, two pupil expansion gratings 40 and an out-coupling grating 30, and the two pupil expansion gratings 40 are arranged side by side on the in-coupling grating 20, so that both of them can accept the light coupled in by the in-coupling grating 20, and the two pupil expansion gratings 40 directly shoot to the out-coupling grating 30 on the rear side after pupil expansion, and the out-coupling grating 30 can pass through the pupil expansion outcoupling light.
  • this structure can increase the distance between the pupil expansion grating 40 and the outcoupling grating 30, and then can conveniently hide the coupling in grating 20 and the pupil expansion grating 40, for example, wrap the coupling in grating 20 and the pupil expansion grating 40 with temples, Reserve the area of the outcoupling grating 30 for viewing, and increase the area occupied by the outcoupling area in the lens; interference and enhance the viewing experience.
  • the two pupil dilation gratings 40 are one-dimensional gratings, and are disposed on the same surface of the substrate 10 , and the two opposite edges of the pupil dilation gratings 40 are arranged in contact with each other.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the pupil expansion grating 40 can be set to be rectangular, which is convenient for processing.
  • the two pupil expansion gratings 40 are both one-dimensional gratings, and are distributed on the same surface of the substrate 10, and the edges of the two are in contact with each other. In this way, the structure of the one-dimensional gratings is simpler and easier to process. , can further reduce the occupation of the surface area of the substrate 10 , reduce the size of the light transmission structure 100 , and improve the surface utilization rate of the substrate 10 .
  • the two pupil expansion gratings 40 can also be two two-dimensional gratings, which are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the substrate 10, and have the same period length;
  • the pupil expansion grating 40 can also be a two-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional photonic crystal with an integrated structure, so as to improve the stability of the structure.
  • the coupling-in grating 20 is located on a perpendicular line in the direction in which the two pupil expansion gratings 40 are arranged.
  • the coupling-in grating 20 is arranged on the perpendicular line in the arrangement direction of the two pupil-expanding gratings 40, so that the probability that the light coupled by the coupling-in-grating 20 is incident on the two pupil-expanding gratings 40 is equal , so that the number and brightness of the pupil-expanding light emitted from each pupil-expanding grating 40 are roughly the same, so that more uniform outcoupling light can be obtained, so that the brightness of the image observed by the human eye is distributed symmetrically, and the display effect is effectively improved.
  • the grating vector directions of the coupling-in grating 20 and the coupling-out grating 30 are the same, and the period lengths of the two are the same.
  • the sum of the vectors in the direction space is 0;
  • the sum of the grating vectors of the two pupil expansion gratings 40 and the outcoupling grating 30 in the vector direction space is 0.
  • the sum of the vector directions of the coupled-in grating 20 and the vector directions of the two pupil dilating gratings 40 in the vector direction space must be 0, and
  • the vector sum of the vector directions of the two pupil expansion gratings 40 and the vector direction of the coupling-out grating 30 on the vector direction space is also 0, that is, the vector coupled into the grating 20 and the vectors of the two pupil expansion gratings 40 can form A closed triangle, and the vector of the outcoupling grating 30 and the vectors of the two pupil expansion gratings 40 can form a closed triangle, which is convenient for designing the display direction of the image for users to watch.
  • the cycle lengths of the two pupil expansion gratings 40 are the same, and the grating vector directions of the two outcoupling gratings 30 are arranged symmetrically with the edges where the two abut against each other, and the two pupil expansion gratings
  • the gratings 40 each have a pupil expansion in a first direction, wherein one pupil expansion grating 40 has a pupil expansion in a second direction, and the other pupil expansion has a pupil expansion in a direction away from the second direction, and the first direction is the same as the first direction.
  • the two directions form an angle.
  • the period length of each pupil expansion grating 40 is set to be the same, and the grating vector directions of the two pupil expansion gratings 40 are symmetrically arranged with the edges where the two abut against each other, so that the processing can be facilitated on the one hand, Improve the processing efficiency; on the other hand, it can make the direction and quantity of the two pupil dilated and emitted light roughly the same, so as to ensure the brightness uniformity of the output image.
  • each pupil expansion grating 40 is gradually set away from another pupil expansion grating 40 in the direction from the coupling-in grating 20 to the coupling-out grating 30, so that the light entering a pupil expansion grating 40 is directed toward the second direction
  • Perform pupil expansion that is, deviate from the direction of another pupil expansion grating 40, and simultaneously perform pupil expansion in the first direction, that is, in the direction from the in-coupling grating 20 to the out-coupling grating 30, so as to achieve the effect of two-dimensional pupil expansion, And make the raster vectors of the two set symmetrically.
  • the pupil expansion grating 40 of this structure has a larger space for propagation to the right and pupil expansion, and realizes a larger outcoupling image area, thereby realizing a more compact light transmission structure 100 .
  • the period lengths of the incoupling grating 20 and the pupil expansion grating 40 are different, and the period lengths of the incoupling grating 20 and the outcoupling grating 30 are T1, then T1 is greater than or equal to 200 nm and less than or equal to 600 nm;
  • the period length of the pupil expansion grating 40 is T2, then T2 is greater than or equal to 200 nm and less than or equal to 600 nm.
  • the period ranges of the coupling-in grating 20 and the coupling-out grating 30 are set to be greater than or equal to 200nm and less than or equal to 600nm, for example, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, etc., to ensure the processing technology and improve the image display at the same time.
  • the cycle lengths of the coupling-in grating 20 and the pupil expansion grating 40 are set to be different.
  • the perimeter lengths of the coupling-in grating 20 and the output coupling grating 30 are set to be the same and smaller than the period of the pupil expansion grating 40, thereby improving the pupil expansion and display effect .
  • the included angle between the pupil expansion grating 40 and the vector direction of the coupling-in grating 20 ranges from 30° to 70°.
  • the vector direction of the incoupling grating 20 and the outcoupling grating 30 are the same, so the angle between the pupil expanding grating 40 and the vector direction of the incoupling grating 20 is also the angle between the pupil expanding grating 40 and the outcoupling grating 30 .
  • the included angle between the outcoupling grating 30 and the vector direction of a coupled-in grating 20 is too small, there will be reflection of light, which is unfavorable for pupil expansion and outcoupling;
  • the vector of the grating 30 forms a closed shape, which is not conducive to the adjustment of the light angle.
  • the angle range between the vector direction of the outcoupling grating 30 and a coupling in grating 20 is set to be 30° ⁇ 70°, for example, 30°, 40°, 50° °, 60°, 70°, etc., to ensure the smooth pupil expansion and coupling of light, and make the incident angle of light the same as the exit angle.
  • the coupling-in grating 20 is a surface relief grating, a liquid crystal polarization grating or a polymer bulk grating;
  • the outcoupling grating 30 is a surface relief grating, a liquid crystal polarization grating or a polymer bulk grating;
  • the pupil expanding grating 40 is a surface relief grating, a liquid crystal polarization grating or a polymer body grating.
  • the in-coupling grating 20 may be a surface relief grating, which has a larger refractive index difference compared to air, which enables the light to obtain a larger deflection angle, thereby making it easier to design the incident light transmission structure 100 angle.
  • the coupling-in grating 20 may also be set as a liquid crystal polarization grating or a polymer grating.
  • the pupil expansion grating 40 can also be one of surface relief grating, liquid crystal polarization grating and polymer body grating, and the coupling-out grating 30 can be a surface relief grating
  • the outcoupled light angle can be adjusted conveniently, and the image display area can be designed more conveniently.
  • the outcoupling grating 30 can also be set as a liquid crystal polarization grating or a polymer grating, and the grating forms of the three can be combined in various possible combinations among the above grating types.
  • the present invention further proposes a head-mounted display device (not shown), the head-mounted display device includes an image source and the above-mentioned light transmission structure 100, the light transmission structure 100 is located in the image The light emitting side of the source. Since the light transmission structure 100 of the head-mounted display device of the present invention refers to the structure of the light transmission structure 100 of the above-mentioned embodiment, the beneficial effects brought by the above-mentioned embodiment will not be repeated again.
  • the head-mounted display device may be AR glasses or MR glasses, which include an image source that provides incident light for the light transmission structure 100.
  • the incident light enters the light transmission structure 100 from the air medium, it first passes through Diffraction coupled into the grating 20 enters the substrate 10, is transmitted through total reflection, passes through the outcoupling grating 30, and enters the human eye.
  • the head-mounted display device may also be a near-eye display (NED), a head-mounted display (HMD), or a head-up display (HUD).
  • the in-coupling grating 20 is arranged opposite to the image source, that is, the image source coincides with the projection of the in-coupling grating 20 on the substrate 10, so as to ensure that all incident light is coupled into The light received by the grating 20 improves the light transmission efficiency.
  • the image source includes a light source and a display panel.
  • the light source may be an LED light source, which provides a light source for the display panel, forms incident light after passing through the display panel, and irradiates to the light transmission structure 100 .
  • the display panel can be a liquid crystal display module on silicon (Liquid Crystal on Silicon, LCOS), a transmissive liquid crystal display module (LCD), a digital light processing display module (digital Light Processing, DLP) and a laser scanning (Laser Beam Scanning, LBS) A sort of.
  • LCOS Liquid Crystal on Silicon
  • LCD transmissive liquid crystal display module
  • DLP digital Light Processing
  • LBS laser scanning

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Abstract

一种光传输结构（100）和头戴显示设备，光传输结构（100）包括基底（10）、耦入光栅（20）、耦出光栅（30）及两扩瞳光栅（40），耦入光栅（20）设于基底（10）的表面；耦出光栅（30）设于基底（10）的表面；两扩瞳光栅（40）设于耦入光栅（20）和耦出光栅（30）之间，并在垂直于耦入光栅（20）至耦出光栅（30）的方向上并排设置；从耦入光栅（20）耦出的光线均射向两扩瞳光栅（40），两扩瞳光栅（40）将光线分别扩瞳后射向耦出光栅（30），耦出光栅（30）内的光线经扩瞳后射出。光传输结构（100）提供一种新的扩瞳方式，能够方便隐藏扩瞳光栅（40），保证图像显示区域，提升观看体验。

Description

光传输结构和头戴显示设备 技术领域
本发明涉及衍射光学器件技术领域，尤其涉及一种光传输结构和头戴显示设备。
背景技术
AR(Augmented Reality，增强现实)显示是一种实时地计算摄影机影像的位置及角度并加上相应的图像、视频、3d模型的技术，这种技术的目标是在屏幕上把虚拟世界套在现实世界并进行互动。
AR显示一般是从图像源发出入射光，经光波导之后进入人眼观看。可知的，光波导通常具有三个或三个以上光栅区域，如光耦入、光扩瞳、光耦出等功能区域，是能够将光瞳进行扩展的器件。然而现有的光传输结构中，光扩瞳的尺寸较大，且需要与光耦出区域距离较近，从而使得成像区域所占面积少，也会对外界的光线造成较大的影响，不利于用户的观看体验。
发明内容
基于此，有必要提供一种光传输结构和头戴显示设备，旨在提供一种全新的扩瞳方式，从而更好地隐藏扩瞳区域，减少对入射光线的干扰，提升用户的观看体验。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出的光传输结构包括：
基底；
耦入光栅，所述耦入光栅设于所述基底的表面；
耦出光栅，所述耦出光栅设于所述基底的表面；及
两扩瞳光栅，两所述扩瞳光栅设于所述耦入光栅和耦出光栅之间，并在垂直于所述耦入光栅至耦出光栅的方向上并排设置；
从所述耦入光栅耦出的光线均射向两所述扩瞳光栅，两所述扩瞳光栅将光线分别扩瞳后射向所述耦出光栅，所述耦出光栅内的光线经扩瞳后射出成 像。
可选地，两所述扩瞳光栅为一维光栅，且设于所述基底的同一表面，两所述扩瞳光栅相向的两边缘相抵接设置。
可选地，所述扩瞳光栅为一维光栅，两所述扩瞳光栅分别设于所述基底的两表面，两所述扩瞳光栅在所述基底上的投影部分重合。
可选地，所述耦入光栅位于两所述扩瞳光栅排布方向上的中垂线上。
可选地，所述耦入光栅和所述耦出光栅的光栅矢量方向相同，且两者的周期长度相同，两所述扩瞳光栅与所述耦入光栅的光栅矢量在矢量方向空间上的矢量之和为0；
和/或，两所述扩瞳光栅与所述耦出光栅的光栅矢量在矢量方向空间上的矢量之和为0。
可选地，两所述扩瞳光栅的周期长度相同，两所述耦出光栅的光栅矢量方向以两者相抵接的边缘为轴线对称设置，两所述扩瞳光栅均具有第一方向上的扩瞳，其中一扩瞳光栅具有第二方向上的扩瞳，另一扩瞳具有与第二方向相背离方向的扩瞳，所述第一方向与第二方向成夹角。
可选地，所述耦入光栅与所述扩瞳光栅的周期长度不同，所述耦入光栅和耦出光栅的周期长度为T1，则T1大于等于200nm小于等于600nm；
和/或，所述扩瞳光栅的周期长度为T2，则T2大于等于200nm小于等于600nm。
可选地，所述扩瞳光栅与所述耦入光栅的矢量方向夹角范围为30°～70°。
可选地，两所述扩瞳光栅为两二维光栅，沿所述基底的中轴线对称设置，两所述扩瞳光栅的周期长度相同；
或者两所述扩瞳光栅为一体结构的二维光栅或二维光子晶体。
可选地，所述耦入光栅为表面浮雕光栅、液晶偏振光栅或聚合物体光栅；
和/或，所述耦出光栅为表面浮雕光栅、液晶偏振光栅或聚合物体光栅；
和/或，所述扩瞳光栅为表面浮雕光栅、液晶偏振光栅或聚合物体光栅。
为了实现上述目的，本发明又提出一种头戴显示设备，所述头戴显示设备包括图像源和如上所述的光传输结构，所述光传输结构位于所述图像源的出光侧。
本发明提出的技术方案中，光传输结构包括基底和设于基底的耦入光栅、 两个扩瞳光栅及耦出光栅，两个扩瞳光栅并排设于耦入光栅的出光侧，使得两者均能接受耦入光栅耦入的光线，且两个扩瞳光栅在扩瞳后直接射向后侧的耦出光栅，耦出光栅能够经过扩瞳后耦出光线。该结构中，由于两个扩瞳光栅同时进行扩瞳，可增强扩瞳效果，并实现在排布方向上和后侧方向上的二维扩瞳效果，增大显示图像区域。同时，该结构可以增大扩瞳光栅与耦出光栅的距离，进而能够方便隐藏耦入光栅和扩瞳光栅，保留用于观看的耦出光栅的区域，提升耦出区域所占的面积；且在外界光线进入光传输结构时，也可以不受扩瞳光栅的影响，减少对显示面的干扰，提升观看体验。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明光传输结构一实施例的横向剖视图；
图2为图1所示光传输结构的光线传播路线图；
图3为本发明光传输结构另一实施例的横向剖视图。
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
100 光传输结构 30 耦出光栅
10 基底 40 扩瞳光栅
20 耦入光栅    
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例， 而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本发明中如涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”等应做广义理解，例如，“固定”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
另外，本发明各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
请参阅图1和图2所示，在本发明的一实施例中，光传输结构100包括基底10、耦入光栅20、耦出光栅30及两扩瞳光栅40，所述耦入光栅20设于所述基底10的表面；所述耦出光栅30设于所述基底10的表面；两所述扩瞳光栅40设于所述耦入光栅20和耦出光栅30之间，并在垂直于所述耦入光栅20至耦出光栅30的方向上并排设置；
从所述耦入光栅20耦出的光线均射向两所述扩瞳光栅40，两所述扩瞳光栅40将光线分别扩瞳后射向所述耦出光栅30，所述耦出光栅30内的光线经扩瞳后射出成像。
本实施例中，光传输结构100应用于AR显示领域，例如，光传输结构100应用于AR眼镜中，光传输结构100可以是光波导或者其他实现光传导的部件。基底10也称介质光波导，其一般为平面状，具有接收入射光线的耦入区和将光线投影出射的耦出区，入射光线经过耦入区射入，在基底10内传输，并从耦出区射出。具体地，设置基底10的一表面为第一表面，另一表面为第二表面。当然，于其他实施例中，基底10也可以设置为圆柱形，可以根据所应有的产品进行设计。基底10的材料可以是环氧树脂或其他有机材料，也可以是重火石玻璃等无机材料，在此不做限定。
可知的，入射光线在基底10内传输需要满足两个条件，一是光线由光密介质射向光疏介质，基底10内部的介质折射率大于外部介质的折射率，也即，基底10的折射率需大于1(空气的折射率为1)；另一个是光线的入射角度要大于临界角度。
为此，光基底10还包括耦入光栅20，耦入光栅20设于基底10的表面，并位于耦入区，用于将光线耦合进入基底10内。耦入光栅20能够改变入射光线射入基底10内部的入射角度，从而使得入射角度大于或等于临界角度，进而使得光线能够在基底10内发生全反射，完成光线的传输。耦入光栅20可以作为单独的光学元件压印在耦入区，也可以在基底10的耦入区加工成型耦入光栅20的结构。
同时，还包括有扩瞳光栅40和耦出光栅30，耦出光栅30位于耦出区，该扩瞳光栅40用于将耦入的光线进行扩瞳，从而实现较大范围的输出光线射向耦出光栅30，提升耦出图像的面积。同理，该耦出光栅30和扩瞳光栅40可作为单独的光学元件贴覆在基底10上，也可以在基底10上直接加工成型。由扩瞳光栅40扩瞳后的光线射向耦出光栅30时，入射角度再次发生偏转，例如，入射角度小于全反射临界角，入射光线透射于基底10，从而出射形成显示画面被人眼获取。
请结合图1和图3，此处，设置两个扩瞳光栅40，两个扩瞳光栅40并排设置，且该并排的方向垂直于耦入光栅20至耦出光栅30的方向，则可以同时接收到耦入光栅20传输过来的光线，并使得扩瞳后的光线均射入耦出光栅30内。两个扩瞳光栅40可以位于基底10的同一表面，也可以位于基底10相对的两表面，即分别位于第一表面和第二表面。两扩瞳光栅40并排设置，可以是两个 扩瞳光栅40在基底10的投影相间隔排布，或相抵接排布，也可以是相重叠排布，在此不做限定。可选地，所述扩瞳光栅40为一维光栅，两所述扩瞳光栅40分别设于所述基底10的两表面，两所述扩瞳光栅40在所述基底10上的投影部分重合。在两个扩瞳光栅40相重叠设置时，可以将两者分别设置在第一表面和第二表面，使得两者为一维光栅，方便加工。且两个扩瞳光栅40在沿耦入区至耦出区的方向上位于同一直线上。当然，两个扩瞳光栅40在沿耦入区至耦出区的方向上也可以错位设置，且错位设置时的间距不宜超过0.5mm。可选的，当两个扩瞳光栅40均在第一表面或第二表面时，且两者有部分重叠时，可以将该重叠部分设置为二维光栅或二维光子晶体。
耦出光栅30的形状并不限定，其横截面形状可以是长方体或正方体等，当然，在耦出光栅30的表面会设有用于改变光线入射角度的微观结构，如图中的光栅线的设置，在此不做赘述。耦入光栅20的形状也不限定，其横截面的形状可以是圆形或矩形或不规则形状等。当然，当耦入光栅20距离光机的距离较近时，可以设定耦入光栅20的横截面形状为圆形，这与光机出筒的形状相匹配，从而能够更好地接收光线。当然，耦入光栅20是由多个呈阵列排布的微光结构组成的，如图中的耦入光栅20线，以实现对入射光线的入射角度的偏转。
请结合图2，入射光线由耦入光栅20耦合进入基底10后，经过基底10的全反射传输出衍射光线1001至两扩瞳光栅40处，在两个扩瞳光栅40的光栅方向经过设计后，即光栅矢量方向垂直于光栅线的方向，1001光线在进入其中一扩瞳光栅40时，会产生向上传播的衍射光线1002以及继续沿原先方向传播的光线，1002光线再次入射至该扩瞳光栅40时会产生衍射光1003，其衍射方向与衍射光线1001相同，并且1002继续沿着原先方向传播，以此完成了在上半部分的扩瞳。1001和1003等光线入射至耦出光栅30时，产生耦出的衍射光线1004，同时继续向前传播。所有耦出光线将覆盖耦出光栅30的上半部分区域。经耦入光栅20进入另一扩瞳光栅40的光线与进入上述扩瞳光栅40的行为类似，呈现对称状态，耦出光线将覆盖耦出光栅30的下半区域。最终，经两个扩瞳光栅40两个维度的扩瞳，光线将铺满人眼观看的耦出区域，提高显示效果。
本发明提出的技术方案中，光传输结构100包括基底10和设于基底10的耦入光栅20、两个扩瞳光栅40及耦出光栅30，两个扩瞳光栅40并排设于耦入光 栅20的出光侧，使得两者均能接受耦入光栅20耦入的光线，且两个扩瞳光栅40在扩瞳后直接射向后侧的耦出光栅30，耦出光栅30能够经过扩瞳后耦出光线。该结构中，由于两个扩瞳光栅40同时进行扩瞳，可增强扩瞳效果，并实现在排布方向上和后侧方向上的二维扩瞳效果，增大显示图像区域。同时，该结构可以增大扩瞳光栅40与耦出光栅30的距离，进而能够方便隐藏耦入光栅20和扩瞳光栅40，例如，使用镜腿包裹该耦入光栅20和扩瞳光栅40，保留用于观看的耦出光栅30的区域，提升耦出区域在镜片中所占的面积；且在外界光线进入光传输结构100时，也可以不受扩瞳光栅40的影响，减少对显示面的干扰，提升观看体验。
请继续参照图1，可选地，两所述扩瞳光栅40为一维光栅，且设于所述基底10的同一表面，两所述扩瞳光栅40相向的两边缘相抵接设置。
此处，可以设定扩瞳光栅40的横截面形状为矩形，方便加工。具体地，两扩瞳光栅40均为一维光栅，且分布在基底10的同一表面上，两者的边缘相抵接，如此，一维光栅结构更加简单，方便加工，且通过两者相邻设置，能够进一步减少对基底10的表面积占用，减小光传输结构100的尺寸，提升基底10的表面利用率。
当然，于其他实施例中，为了提高耦出效率，两所述扩瞳光栅40也可以为两二维光栅，沿所述基底10的中轴线对称设置，且周期长度相同；或者，两所述扩瞳光栅40也可以为一体结构的二维光栅或二维光子晶体，以提升结构的稳定性。
可选地，所述耦入光栅20位于两所述扩瞳光栅40排布方向上的中垂线上。
本实施例中，将耦入光栅20设置在两个扩瞳光栅40排布方向上的中垂线上，如此，可以使得耦入光栅20耦合的光线射向两个扩瞳光栅40的几率相等，进而使得从每个扩瞳光栅40射出的扩瞳光线的数量和亮度大致相同，从而能够得到更加均匀的耦出光线，使得人眼观察到的图像亮度对称分布，有效提高显示效果。
可选地，所述耦入光栅20和所述耦出光栅30的光栅矢量方向相同，且两者的周期长度相同，两所述扩瞳光栅40与所述耦入光栅20的光栅矢量在矢量方向空间上的矢量之和为0；
和/或，两所述扩瞳光栅40与所述耦出光栅30的光栅矢量在矢量方向空间 上的矢量之和为0。
可以理解的，为了使得入射角度与耦出的光线的出射角度相同，需要将耦入光栅20的矢量方向与两个扩瞳光栅40的矢量方向在矢量方向空间上的矢量之和为0，且两个扩瞳光栅40的矢量方向与耦出光栅30的矢量方向在矢量方向空间上的矢量之和也为0，也即，耦入光栅20的矢量与两个扩瞳光栅40的矢量能够组成一个闭合的三角形，且耦出光栅30的矢量与两个扩瞳光栅40的矢量能够组成一个闭合的三角形，进而方便设计图像显示方向，供用户观看。
请再次参照图1，可选地，两所述扩瞳光栅40的周期长度相同，两所述耦出光栅30的光栅矢量方向以两者相抵接的边缘为轴线对称设置，两所述扩瞳光栅40均具有第一方向上的扩瞳，其中一扩瞳光栅40具有第二方向上的扩瞳，另一扩瞳具有与第二方向相背离方向的扩瞳，所述第一方向与第二方向成夹角。
本实施例中，设定每一扩瞳光栅40的周期长度均相同，且两个扩瞳光栅40的光栅矢量方向以两者相抵接的边缘为轴线对称设置，如此，一方面可以方便加工，提高加工效率；另一方面可以使得两者进行扩瞳和射出的光线方向和量大致相同，从而保证输出的图像亮度均匀性。此处，每一扩瞳光栅40的光栅线为在耦入光栅20至耦出光栅30的方向上逐渐远离另一扩瞳光栅40设置，从而实现进入一扩瞳光栅40的光线朝向第二方向进行扩瞳，也即背离另一扩瞳光栅40的方向，同时朝向第一方向进行扩瞳，也即在耦入光栅20至耦出光栅30的方向上，从而达到二维扩瞳的效果，并使得两者的光栅矢量呈对称设置。该结构的扩瞳光栅40，可以向右进行传播和扩瞳的空间较大，实现更大尺寸的耦出图像区域，进而实现更加紧凑的光传输结构100。
可选地，所述耦入光栅20与所述扩瞳光栅40的周期长度不同，所述耦入光栅20和耦出光栅30的周期长度为T1，则T1大于等于200nm小于等于600nm；
和/或，所述扩瞳光栅40的周期长度为T2，则T2大于等于200nm小于等于600nm。
可以理解的，当光栅的周期过小时，不利于工艺加工，当然，当周期过大时，会使得耦出光线的密度较小，不利于图像的显示。故而此处将耦入光栅20和耦出光栅30的周期范围均设置为大于等于200nm小于等于600nm，例如，200nm、300nm、400nm、500nm、600nm等，保证加工工艺，同时提升图像显 示。设定耦入光栅20与扩瞳光栅40的周期长度不同，一般设定耦入光栅20和耦出光栅30的周长长度相同，且小于扩瞳光栅40的周期，从而提升扩瞳和显示效果。
可选地，所述扩瞳光栅40与所述耦入光栅20的矢量方向夹角范围为30°～70°。
其中，耦入光栅20与耦出光栅30的矢量方向相同，故扩瞳光栅40与耦入光栅20的矢量方向夹角也即扩瞳光栅40与耦出光栅30的矢量方向夹角。耦出光栅30与一耦入光栅20的矢量方向夹角过小时，会出现光线的反射，不利于扩瞳耦出；而当该夹角过大时，不能使得耦入光栅20与两耦出光栅30的矢量形成闭合形状，不利于光线角度的调节，故而设定耦出光栅30与一耦入光栅20的矢量方向夹角范围为30°～70°，例如，30°、40°、50°、60°、70°等，以保证光线的顺利扩瞳和耦出，且使得光线的入射角度与射出角度相同。
可选地，所述耦入光栅20为表面浮雕光栅、液晶偏振光栅或聚合物体光栅；
和/或，所述耦出光栅30为表面浮雕光栅、液晶偏振光栅或聚合物体光栅；
和/或，所述扩瞳光栅40为表面浮雕光栅、液晶偏振光栅或聚合物体光栅。
本实施例中，耦入光栅20可以是表面浮雕光栅，表面浮雕光栅相比于空气具有较大的折射率差异，能够使得光线获得更大的偏转角度，从而更加便于设计光传输结构100的入射角度。当然，于其他实施例中，也可以设置耦入光栅20为液晶偏振光栅或聚合物体光栅等。
可选的，在耦入光栅20为上述任意一光栅时，扩瞳光栅40也可以为表面浮雕光栅、液晶偏振光栅和聚合物体光栅中的一种，且耦出光栅30可以为表面浮雕光栅，能够方便调节耦出的光线角度，更加方便设计图像显示区域。当然，于其他实施例中，也可以设置耦出光栅30为液晶偏振光栅或聚合物光栅，三者的光栅形式可以在上述光栅类型中进行各种可能的组合。
为了实现上述目的，本发明又提出一种头戴显示设备(未图示)，所述头戴显示设备包括图像源和如上所述的光传输结构100，所述光传输结构100位于所述图像源的出光侧。由于本发明的头戴显示设备的光传输结构100参照了上述实施例的光传输结构100的结构，因此，由上述实施例所带来的有益效 果再次不做赘述。
本实施例中，头戴显示设备可以是AR眼镜或MR眼镜，其包括图像源，该图像源为光传输结构100提供入射光，当入射光由空气介质入射至光传输结构100时，首先通过耦入光栅20的衍射，再进入基底10中，通过全反射传输，再从耦出光栅30穿出，射入人眼中。当然，头戴显示设备还可以是近眼显示器(NED)、头戴显示器(HMD)或抬头显示器(HUD)等。
在一实施例中，为了尽可能接收图像源，耦入光栅20与图像源正对设置，也即图像源与耦入光栅20在基底10的投影相重合，从而能够保证入射光均被耦入光栅20所接收，提高光传输效率。
可选的，图像源包括光源和显示面板，光源可选的为LED光源，为显示面板提供光源，经显示面板后形成入射光，射向光传输结构100。显示面板可以是硅基液晶显示模块(Liquid Crystal on Silicon，LCOS)、透射液晶显示模块(LCD)、数字光处理显示模块(digital Light Processing，DLP)和激光扫描(Laser Beam Scanning，LBS)中的一种。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种光传输结构，其特征在于，所述光传输结构包括：
    基底；
    耦入光栅，所述耦入光栅设于所述基底的表面；
    耦出光栅，所述耦出光栅设于所述基底的表面；及
    两扩瞳光栅，两所述扩瞳光栅设于所述耦入光栅和耦出光栅之间，并在垂直于所述耦入光栅至耦出光栅的方向上并排设置；
    从所述耦入光栅耦出的光线均射向两所述扩瞳光栅，两所述扩瞳光栅将光线分别扩瞳后射向所述耦出光栅，所述耦出光栅内的光线经扩瞳后射出。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光传输结构，其特征在于，两所述扩瞳光栅为一维光栅，且设于所述基底的同一表面，两所述扩瞳光栅相向的两边缘相抵接设置。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的光传输结构，其特征在于，所述扩瞳光栅为一维光栅，两所述扩瞳光栅分别设于所述基底的两表面，两所述扩瞳光栅在所述基底上的投影部分重合。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的光传输结构，其特征在于，所述耦入光栅位于两所述扩瞳光栅排布方向上的中垂线上。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的光传输结构，其特征在于，所述耦入光栅和所述耦出光栅的光栅矢量方向相同，且两者的周期长度相同，两所述扩瞳光栅与所述耦入光栅的光栅矢量在矢量方向空间上的矢量之和为0；
    和/或，两所述扩瞳光栅与所述耦出光栅的光栅矢量在矢量方向空间上的矢量之和为0。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的光传输结构，其特征在于，两所述扩瞳光栅的周期长度相同，两所述耦出光栅的光栅矢量方向以两者相抵接的边缘为轴线对 称设置，两所述扩瞳光栅均具有第一方向上的扩瞳，其中一扩瞳光栅具有第二方向上的扩瞳，另一扩瞳具有与第二方向相背离方向的扩瞳，所述第一方向与第二方向成夹角。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的光传输结构，其特征在于，所述耦入光栅与所述扩瞳光栅的周期长度不同，所述耦入光栅和耦出光栅的周期长度为T1，则T1大于等于200nm小于等于600nm；
    和/或，所述扩瞳光栅的周期长度为T2，则T2大于等于200nm小于等于600nm。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的光传输结构，其特征在于，所述扩瞳光栅与所述耦入光栅的矢量方向夹角范围为30°～70°。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的光传输结构，其特征在于，两所述扩瞳光栅为两二维光栅，沿所述基底的中轴线对称设置，两所述扩瞳光栅的周期长度相同；
    或者，
    两所述扩瞳光栅为一体结构的二维光栅或二维光子晶体。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的光传输结构，其特征在于，所述耦入光栅为表面浮雕光栅、液晶偏振光栅或聚合物体光栅；
    和/或，所述耦出光栅为表面浮雕光栅、液晶偏振光栅或聚合物体光栅；
    和/或，所述扩瞳光栅为表面浮雕光栅、液晶偏振光栅或聚合物体光栅。
  11. 一种头戴显示设备，其特征在于，所述头戴显示设备包括图像源和如权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的光传输结构，所述光传输结构位于所述图像源的出光侧。
PCT/CN2022/100338 2021-12-27 2022-06-22 光传输结构和头戴显示设备 WO2023123921A1 (zh)

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