WO2023120909A1 - 반도체를 이용한 회로 차단기 및 그 제어 방법 - Google Patents
반도체를 이용한 회로 차단기 및 그 제어 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023120909A1 WO2023120909A1 PCT/KR2022/015407 KR2022015407W WO2023120909A1 WO 2023120909 A1 WO2023120909 A1 WO 2023120909A1 KR 2022015407 W KR2022015407 W KR 2022015407W WO 2023120909 A1 WO2023120909 A1 WO 2023120909A1
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- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor switch
- circuit breaker
- semiconductor
- turn
- load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/021—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/025—Disconnection after limiting, e.g. when limiting is not sufficient or for facilitating disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/093—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current with timing means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
- H02H9/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off limiting inrush current on switching on of inductive loads subjected to remanence, e.g. transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/28—Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a circuit breaker, and more particularly to a semiconductor circuit breaker (SSCB) using a power semiconductor switch.
- SSCB semiconductor circuit breaker
- abnormal current such as overcurrent or fault current
- a circuit breaker may be used to cut off the load from the power system in order to block the flow of current into the load.
- a semiconductor circuit breaker capable of high-speed current interruption is used, including a semiconductor switch made of a power semiconductor capable of conducting a large current and having a high-speed switching frequency.
- a conventional semiconductor circuit breaker prevents the circuit from being cut off by inrush current generated when the semiconductor circuit breaker is turned on in a no-load state and a circuit is formed between the power system and the load, that is, when the load is initially started. To do this, a separate initial charging circuit is included.
- the initial charging circuit may include an initial charging resistor and a switch that connects the circuit to either a circuit passing through the initial charging resistor or a detour bypassing the initial charging resistor. Accordingly, a conventional semiconductor circuit breaker has a problem in that the configuration of the circuit becomes complicated due to the initial charging circuit and the size increases due to the internal space for providing the initial charging circuit.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problem and other problems, and a semiconductor circuit breaker and control of the semiconductor circuit breaker do not cause circuit breakage due to inrush current generated at the initial start-up of a load without an initial charging circuit. Its purpose is to provide a method.
- the present invention is a semiconductor circuit breaker disposed between a power system and a load, according to the voltage applied to the gate terminal of the power system and a semiconductor switch including a semiconductor switch electrically connecting or disconnecting the load, and controlling the semiconductor switch to repeat turning on and off for a predetermined initial driving time when the semiconductor circuit breaker is turned on, It characterized in that it comprises a control unit for gradually mitigating the magnitude of the inrush current according to the initial connection of the power system and the load.
- control unit may, during the initial driving time, only when a current level in the semiconductor circuit breaker reaches a first current level at which a trip function built in a semiconductor switch is executed, hardware It is characterized in that only the trip function is executed.
- control unit may control the semiconductor switch such that the turn-on and turn-off are repeated at predetermined intervals during the initial driving time.
- the device further includes an input unit that receives a user's input, and the control unit determines a semiconductor switch duty cycle, which is a ratio between the preset time and the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch, and the initial It is characterized in that the initial driving information including the number of on/off repetitions of turning on and off of the semiconductor switch during the driving time and the information of the initial driving time is received through the input unit.
- control unit when the initial driving information is received, generates a duty signal to control the at least one semiconductor switch during the initial driving time according to the initial driving information, and
- the signal may be a gate voltage signal to be applied to the gate terminal of the at least one semiconductor switch according to the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch at the predetermined period of time.
- the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch is set differently for each cycle, and as the turn-on and turn-off of the semiconductor switch continue, the semiconductor switch turns on within one cycle. It is characterized in that it is formed so that the time to become longer.
- the device may further include a plurality of gate drivers for applying a gate voltage to each gate terminal of the semiconductor switch, and the controller may apply a gate voltage equal to or higher than a threshold voltage to the gate terminal of the semiconductor switch. , or turning on and off the semiconductor switch by controlling at least one gate driver respectively corresponding to the semiconductor switch to apply a gate voltage lower than the threshold voltage.
- a cut-off switch for physically connecting or disconnecting the semiconductor circuit breaker and a load from the power system is further included, and the control unit determines that, during the initial driving time, the current level in the semiconductor circuit breaker is soft.
- the control unit determines that, during the initial driving time, the current level in the semiconductor circuit breaker is soft.
- the second current level at which the trip function is executed is reached, the number of times the condition for executing the soft trip function is satisfied is counted, and the number of times the condition for executing the soft trip function is satisfied is equal to or greater than a predetermined number of times, or the semiconductor
- the cut-off switch is driven to physically separate the power system and the load, and the second current level is higher than the first current level. It is characterized by a low current level.
- the semiconductor switch duty cycle which is a ratio of the predetermined time period to the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch, and the number of on-off repetitions of turning on and off of the semiconductor switch during the initial driving time are included.
- the control unit may select among the semiconductor switch duty cycle and the number of on/off repetitions according to whether a condition for executing the soft trip function is satisfied while the semiconductor switch repeats turning on and off. It is characterized by increasing or decreasing at least one.
- the semiconductor switch duty cycle which is a ratio of the predetermined time period to the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch, and the number of on-off repetitions of turning on and off of the semiconductor switch during the initial driving time are included.
- the control unit calculates characteristics of an inrush current according to the initial connection of the power system and the load, and according to the characteristics of the calculated inrush current, at least one of the semiconductor switch duty cycle and the number of on-off repetitions It is characterized by increasing or decreasing one.
- the inrush current characteristic includes any one of a statistically calculated value of a current measurement value or an amount of change over time in the amount of current detected by the semiconductor circuit breaker when the load is initially connected to the power system. do.
- the power system and the load are characterized in that a DC power system and a DC power load.
- the present invention relates to the control method of the semiconductor circuit breaker, the step of initially connecting the power system and a load by turning on the semiconductor switch when the semiconductor circuit breaker is turned on, and during a preset initial driving time, and repeating turning off and turning on the semiconductor switch so that an inrush current according to an initial connection between the power system and the load is gradually alleviated.
- the preset initial driving time is a hardware trip only when the current level in the semiconductor circuit breaker reaches a first current level at which a trip function built into the semiconductor switch is executed. It is characterized by the time to execute only the function.
- the repeating of turning off and turning on the semiconductor switch is a step of repeating the turning off and turning on at predetermined intervals during the initial driving time, and during the initial driving time, and limiting execution of the soft trip function when the current level in the semiconductor circuit breaker reaches a second current level at which the soft trip function is executed.
- the turn-off and turn-on of the semiconductor switch may include a semiconductor switch duty cycle, which is a ratio of a turn-on time of the semiconductor switch during one period in which the semiconductor switch is turned-off and turned-on once;
- the step of initially connecting the system and the load is performed by a gate voltage signal to be applied to the gate terminal of the semiconductor switch according to the number of on/off repetitions of turning on and off of the switch,
- the method may further include generating the gate voltage signal based on a cycle, a period, and the initial driving time.
- the repeating of turning off and turning on the semiconductor switch may include checking whether a current level in the semiconductor circuit breaker satisfies an execution condition for a soft trip function, and the soft trip function.
- the method may further include reducing the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch when the execution condition of the soft trip function is satisfied, and increasing the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch when the execution condition of the soft trip function is not satisfied.
- the repeating of turning off and turning on the semiconductor switch may include checking whether a current level in the semiconductor circuit breaker satisfies an execution condition for a soft trip function, and the soft trip function. Further comprising increasing the number of on-off repetitions of the semiconductor switch when the execution condition of the soft trip function is satisfied, and decreasing the number of on-off repetitions of the semiconductor switch when the execution condition of the soft trip function is not satisfied.
- the step of checking whether the current level in the semiconductor circuit breaker satisfies the execution condition of the soft trip function may include executing the soft trip function while turning off and turning on the semiconductor switch repeatedly. Checking the number of times a condition is satisfied, and when the execution condition of the soft trip function is satisfied more than a predetermined number of times, driving a cut-off switch to physically separate the power system and the load to be
- the step of initially connecting the system and the load includes calculating characteristics of an inrush current according to the initial connection of the power system and the load, and the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch according to the characteristics of the calculated inrush current. and increasing or decreasing at least one of the number of on/off repetitions.
- the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch is set differently for each cycle, and as the turn-on and turn-off of the semiconductor switch continue, the semiconductor switch turns on within one cycle. It is characterized in that it is formed so that the time to become longer.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker according to the present invention when a circuit is formed between a power system and a load in a no-load state and inrush current is generated, switches the semiconductor switch before hardware-cutting the load from the system. It is turned off to drop the current flowing into the load, and when the current in the semiconductor circuit breaker is sufficiently low, the semiconductor switch is turned on again so that current can flow into the load.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker according to the present invention does not require an initial charging circuit to eliminate the inrush current due to initial startup, the internal structure of the semiconductor circuit breaker can be further simplified and the size can be further reduced.
- At least one of a turn-on/turn-off ratio of the semiconductor switch (hereinafter referred to as semiconductor switch duty cycle) and the number of on/off repetitions of the semiconductor switch for mitigating the inrush current is determined according to a user or an operating state of the semiconductor switch. Let it be set automatically.
- the semiconductor switch duty cycle and/or the number of on/off repetitions can be set regardless of the pulse width or pulse period of the alternating current, it can be applied to direct current (DC) power systems and direct current loads. It has the effect of shortening the time required for relief.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram illustrating an example in which a semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention relieves an inrush current flowing into a load by controlling a semiconductor switch when a load is initially started.
- 3 and 4 show examples of semiconductor switch duty cycles that can be set in a semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process of dynamically changing the duty cycle of a semiconductor switch based on an operating state of the semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process of dynamically changing the number of repetitions of on/off of a semiconductor switch based on an operating state of the semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process of physically disconnecting a load from a system when a semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention meets a predetermined condition.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a process of generating inrush current mitigation setting information based on an increase rate of an incoming current by a semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention and controlling a semiconductor switch according to the generated setting information. .
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the structure of a semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a semiconductor circuit breaker is capable of being turned on/turned off between an A system and a B system, and first semiconductors connected in series to each other.
- a semiconductor switch unit 110 including a switch 111 and a second semiconductor switch 112, a cut-off switch 150, a current sensor 160, first and second gate drivers 141 and 142, and an overvoltage suppression unit 130, and may be configured to include the control unit 100.
- it may include an input unit 170 connected to the control unit 100 and a memory 180.
- system A may be a power system and system B may be a load.
- current flow may be formed from system A to system B.
- system A is a load and system B is a power system
- current flow from system B to system A may be formed.
- the flow of current from system A to system B or from system B to system A may be blocked by the semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- both system A and system B may be power systems.
- system A and system B may be different micro grids.
- bidirectional current flow may be formed from system A to system B as well as from system B to system A.
- the current flow from the A system to the B system, the current flow from the B system to the A system, and the bidirectional current flow between the A system and the B system can be blocked by the semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention. there is.
- the first semiconductor switch 111 and the second semiconductor switch 112 block the circuit not only when current flows from A system to B system, but also when current flows from B system to A system. It can be formed to make this possible.
- the first semiconductor switch 111 and the second semiconductor switch 112 may be semiconductor switches made of N-channel MOSFET devices in which a source and a drain are disposed in opposite directions.
- the first semiconductor switch 111 and the second semiconductor switch 112 are first and second diodes disposed in opposite directions to the flow of current to prevent damage to the MOSFET device due to reverse voltage when the circuit is cut off by the fault current ( 121, 122) may be further included.
- the anode and cathode of each of the first and second diodes 121 and 122 may be connected to the source terminal and the drain terminal of each of the MOSFET devices 111 and 112 .
- the first diode 121 is connected in parallel with the MOSFET device of the first semiconductor switch 111 and can be disposed in the opposite direction to the current flowing from the A system to the B system.
- the second diode 122 may be connected in parallel with the MOSFET device of the second semiconductor switch 112 and disposed in a reverse direction to the current flowing from the B system to the A system.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker includes the first semiconductor switch 111 and the second semiconductor switch 112 configured in a complementary symmetrical form, and is formed to block all fault currents flowing in both directions.
- system A is a power system and system B is a load.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker according to the embodiment of the present invention is formed to block all fault currents flowing in both directions, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the cut-off switch 150 can cut off the connection of the semiconductor circuit breaker and the load or other systems from any one system.
- the cut-off switch 150 may be a mechanical switch, and may physically insulate a semiconductor circuit breaker to separate it from a power system in which an accident occurs.
- the blocking switch 150 may be disposed between the system A and the semiconductor switch unit 110 .
- the location of the blocking switch 150 is not limited thereto, and may be disposed at any other location (for example, between the B system and the semiconductor switch unit 110).
- the overvoltage suppression unit 130 may prevent an overvoltage from being formed across the semiconductor switch unit 110 due to residual current when the semiconductor circuit breaker cuts off the circuit.
- the overvoltage suppressor 130 may include a snubber circuit or an element for suppressing overvoltage, for example, a Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) element.
- the overvoltage suppression unit 130 may include free wheeling circuits formed of at least one diode and a resistor and connected to both ends of the semiconductor switch unit 110 , respectively.
- the first and second gate drivers 141 and 142 respectively apply gate voltages to the first and second semiconductor switches 111 and 112 constituting the semiconductor switch unit 110 under the control of the control unit 100. can do.
- the output terminal resistance of the first and second semiconductor switches 111 and 112 is It can be equal to or greater than the input resistance. Accordingly, the input terminals and the output terminals of the first and second semiconductor switches 111 and 112 may not conduct. Therefore, A system and B system are electrically separated (insulated) and circuit connection can be cut off.
- a case in which a voltage less than the threshold voltage is applied to the gate terminal of each semiconductor switch or no voltage is applied to the gate terminal of the semiconductor switch so that the input terminal and the output terminal of the first and second semiconductor switches 111 and 112 are not conducted is a semiconductor. It will be described that the switch is turned off.
- the semiconductor switch may have a DESAT (Desaturation) function.
- the DESAT function is to prevent overcurrent from flowing through the semiconductor switch when the semiconductor switch is in an unsaturated state, and detects overcurrent and short circuit by measuring the voltage between the drain terminal and the source terminal when the semiconductor switch is turned on, It may refer to a function of turning off the semiconductor switch to protect other systems and semiconductor circuit breakers from overcurrent when overcurrent is detected.
- the semiconductor switch is turned off by the DESAT function, the interruption of the connection between system A and system B will be referred to as a hardware trip, that is, a hardware trip. That is, the hardware trip may be a trip function performed by itself according to a function built into the semiconductor switch without control of the control unit 100 .
- the control unit 100 may perform a trip function by controlling the first and second semiconductor switches 111 and 112 when an overcurrent is detected.
- the controller 100 performs the trip function by controlling the first and second gate drivers 141 and 142 so that a voltage higher than the threshold voltage is not applied to the first and second semiconductor switches 111 and 112. can do.
- a trip made by the control unit 100 will be referred to as a soft trip in order to distinguish it from the hard trip.
- the first and second semiconductor switches 111 are controlled only by the control of the first and second gate drivers 141 and 142 of the controller 100. , The input terminal and the output terminal of 112) may be electrically conducted again. Therefore, the time required for reconnection between the system and the load and supply of current to the load is resumed, compared to a hardware trip.
- the hard trip is a trip function built into the semiconductor switch and may be a trip function performed regardless of the control of the controller 100 . Therefore, in order to prevent the hard trip from being indiscriminately and frequently executed, the current level at which the hard trip function is executed (the first current level) is the current level at which the trip function under the control of the controller 100 is executed (the second current level). ) can be formed higher.
- inrush current means a very large current flowing into the load when current starts to be supplied to the load through circuit connection in a no-load state, and is several times larger than the rated current.
- a branch may mean a current.
- This inrush current is caused by the capacitance component of the load. As the load is in a no-load state, the load's capacitor, which was in a completely discharged state, converts to the load's capacitor as the current supplied from the grid as the circuit is formed. may occur during the charging process.
- the magnitude of the inrush current generated may vary depending on the capacitance of the capacitor of the load connected to the system and the state of charge of the capacitor of the load. Therefore, when the capacitor of the load is charged due to the current supplied from the grid (eg, inrush current), the inrush current gradually decreases, and when the capacitor of the load is fully charged, the inrush current disappears and only the rated current can be supplied to the load.
- inrush current the current supplied from the grid
- inrush current may occur again.
- the current level inside the semiconductor circuit breaker may increase due to the occurrence of the inrush current.
- the capacitor of the load may be partially charged by the current supplied before the cutoff. Therefore, when the blocked circuit is reconnected, the magnitude of the inrush current can be reduced.
- control unit 100 of the semiconductor circuit breaker generates an inrush current when the load and the system are connected in a no-load state and current supply to the load starts, so that the current inside the semiconductor circuit breaker causes the hardware trip.
- the generated current level (second current level) is exceeded, the circuit connection between the load and the system can be cut off. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a hardware trip from occurring due to an inrush current.
- the circuit between the load and the grid is connected again so that the supply of current to the load is resumed. And, by repeating the process of disconnecting the circuit between the load and the system before exceeding the first current level, the capacitor of the load can be gradually charged, and accordingly, the magnitude of the inrush current generated when the circuit connection is resumed is reduced. make it progressively smaller.
- the semiconductor switch is controlled to cut off the connection between the load and the circuit, so that the current flowing through the semiconductor circuit breaker reaches the current level (second current level) at which the semiconductor switch soft trip occurs. It can be done even if you haven't.
- the semiconductor switch of the semiconductor circuit breaker can be turned off, and a predetermined time elapses. In this case, even when the current inside the semiconductor circuit breaker is equal to or higher than the current level at which the trip (soft trip) is made, the system and the load may be connected by turning on the semiconductor switch again.
- the semiconductor switch is turned on for a preset time regardless of the current level while the load is initially connected to the system and the initial drive for mitigating the inrush current is performed.
- the soft trip may not be performed even when the current inside the semiconductor circuit breaker reaches the second current level at which the soft trip occurs so that turning on and off can be repeated.
- the control unit 100 may check only whether or not the current inside the semiconductor circuit breaker reaches the second current level at which the soft trip occurs during the initial driving period, and may count the number of checks.
- the control unit 100 of the semiconductor circuit breaker when a load is initially connected to the system, turns on/off the semiconductor switch during a preset initial driving time, regardless of whether the trip function of the semiconductor switch is executed or not. It can be done repeatedly. After the initial driving time has elapsed, the soft trip function may be normalized. Accordingly, the soft trip may be performed when a current equal to or higher than the second current level is detected inside the semiconductor circuit breaker after the initial driving time has elapsed.
- the trip function limited to the initial driving time may be limited to the soft trip. Therefore, the hard trip function of the semiconductor switch can be performed at the hardware level as it is, and accordingly, when a current equal to or higher than the first current level at which the hard trip is performed is detected, the semiconductor switches according to the hard trip even when the initial driving time has not elapsed. Turn off can be made. Accordingly, even during the initial driving time, it is possible to protect other systems, loads, or internal elements of the semiconductor circuit breaker from overcurrent exceeding a predetermined level.
- turn-on and turn-off of the semiconductor switches 111 and 112 may be controlled through a gate voltage applied to each of the semiconductor switches 111 and 112 . That is, when the control unit 100 controls the gate driver to apply a gate voltage lower than the threshold voltage or not to apply the gate voltage to the gate terminal, each semiconductor switch is turned off to block the connection between the load and the grid. Conversely, when the control unit 100 controls the gate driver to apply a gate voltage higher than the threshold voltage to the gate terminal, each semiconductor switch is turned on to connect the load and the system.
- FIG. 2 is an example showing an example in which the control unit 100 of the semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention controls the voltage applied to the gate terminal in this way when the load is initially started, thereby mitigating the inrush current flowing into the load. It is also
- FIG. 2 shows the amount of current detected by the semiconductor circuit breaker when the system and the load are connected.
- (b) of FIG. 2 it is assumed that the turn-on and turn-off of each of the semiconductor switches 111 and 112 are repeated 10 times under the control of the controller 100 .
- gate on (U gate_ON , that is, the semiconductor switch is turned on in FIG. can be supplied with
- the capacitor of the load is in a completely discharged state, as shown in (a) of FIG. 2 , the amount of current 200 introduced from the system to charge the capacitor of the load may greatly increase. That is, inrush current may occur.
- control unit 100 applies a voltage less than the threshold voltage to the gate terminal before the amount of current 200 flowing in exceeds the hardware trip level (I H/W Trip ) (first current level) (that is, the semiconductor switch turn off) to control the gate driver. Therefore, the connection between the grid and the load may be cut off, and as shown in FIG. can
- the control unit 100 adjusts the increased amount of current 200 during the time 250 when the first semiconductor switch is turned on to the preset soft trip level (I S / W Trip ) (second current level) or higher can be detected.
- the execution of the soft trip is limited even when the soft trip level current is detected during the initial driving time. Therefore, regardless of the detected current amount, when the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch elapses after a predetermined time 250, the controller 100 may control the gate driver to apply a voltage lower than the threshold voltage to the gate terminal. Therefore, the semiconductor switch can be turned off when the predetermined time 250 elapses regardless of the amount of current inside the semiconductor circuit breaker.
- the controller 100 may control the gate driver to apply a voltage equal to or higher than the threshold voltage to the gate terminal regardless of whether the current level is restored. . Accordingly, the semiconductor switch can be turned on again, and thus the system and the load can be reconnected. And the system current can be supplied to the load again.
- the control unit 100 of the semiconductor circuit breaker controls the gate driver to repeatedly turn on and off the semiconductor switches, thereby gradually mitigating the magnitude of the incoming inrush current. Therefore, as shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 2, when the turn-on and turn-off of the semiconductor switches are repeated a predetermined number of times (10 times), the inrush current gradually decreases and eventually disappears, Only the current corresponding to the current (I load ) level can be supplied from the grid to the load. In this case, the control unit 100 may maintain a state in which current is supplied from the system to the load by continuously maintaining the turn-on state of the semiconductor switches.
- the semiconductor switch since the semiconductor switch is turned on and off by adjusting the gate voltage applied through the gate driver, it can be performed at a very high speed. Therefore, even when repetition is performed by a predetermined number of times (10 times in the case of FIG. 2), it can be completed within a very short time (several milliseconds). That is, it is possible to alleviate the inrush current according to the initial startup of the load within a very short time.
- the ratio of the turn-on and turn-off repetitions of the semiconductor switch and the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch during one cycle of turning on and off is various. It can be set according to the method. For example, the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch and the number of on/off repetitions of the semiconductor switch may be set by a user.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker may include an input unit 170 capable of receiving a user's input.
- the input unit 170 may include at least one of at least one button or switch and a touch input means.
- the touch input unit may include a virtual key, a soft key, or a visual key displayed on a touch screen.
- the input unit 170 may further include a communication unit 171 capable of establishing a communication connection with a preset external terminal.
- the communication unit 171 is a short-range communication technology such as BluetoothTM, Infrared Data Association (IrDA), UWi-Fi (Wireless-Fidelity), WLAN (Wireless LAN), Wi-Fi, LTE (Long Wireless communication with the external terminal may be performed through a wireless communication technology such as term evolution (term evolution) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A).
- the external terminal is a remote controller 190 capable of remotely inputting data to the input unit 170, and includes a user's mobile phone, smart phone, notebook computer, PDA (personal digital assistants), slate PC ( slate PC), tablet PC (tablet PC), ultrabook (ultrabook) and the like.
- PDA personal digital assistants
- slate PC slate PC
- tablet PC tablet PC
- ultrabook ultrabook
- the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch and the number of on/off repetitions of the semiconductor switch set according to a user input through the input unit 170 or the remote control unit 190 may be stored in the memory 180 .
- the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch and the number of on-off repetitions of the semiconductor switch set to mitigate the inrush current may be dynamically set according to the operating state of the semiconductor circuit breaker or the current flowing into the semiconductor circuit breaker.
- control unit 100 dynamically changes at least one of the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch and the number of on-off repetitions of the semiconductor switch according to whether or not a soft trip condition is satisfied as a result of detecting the operating state of the semiconductor circuit breaker.
- the condition in which the soft trip is performed may mean a case in which a current inside the semiconductor circuit breaker reaches the second current level.
- control unit 100 may detect current characteristics of the semiconductor circuit breaker and set at least one of the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch and the number of on/off repetitions of the semiconductor switch based on the detected current characteristics.
- the operation process of the semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention which sets the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch and the number of on-off repetitions of the semiconductor switch, is described with reference to FIG. 9 below. let's take a look
- the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch and the number of on/off repetitions of the semiconductor switch may be variously set based on a user's input, an operating state of the semiconductor circuit breaker, or detected current characteristics.
- 3 and 4 illustrate examples of semiconductor switch on/off repetition counts and semiconductor switch duty cycles that can be set in the semiconductor circuit breaker according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- (a) to (c) of FIG. 3 show an example in which the number of repetitions 320 of on/off of the semiconductor switch is set to 5 times at a predetermined time period.
- the ratio of the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch during one period, that is, the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch may be set differently.
- (a) of FIG. 3 shows an example in which the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch is set to 50%.
- the duty cycle is 50%
- the semiconductor switch remains turned on for 50% of a cycle and remains turned off for the remaining 50%, so the ratio of the turn-on time to the turn-off time is As shown in (a) of FIG. 3, it may be equal to 1:1.
- the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch may be set shorter than the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch. For example, when the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch is 25%, as shown in (b) of FIG. 3, the semiconductor switch remains turned on for 25% of a period and turns off for the remaining 75% of the time. status can be maintained. In this way, when the turn-on time, that is, the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch is low, the amount of current supplied from the grid during one period may be smaller.
- the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch may be set longer than the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch. For example, when the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch is 75%, as shown in (c) of FIG. 3, the semiconductor switch remains turned on for 75% of a period and turns off for the remaining 25% of the time. status can be maintained. In this way, when the turn-on time, that is, the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch is high, the amount of current supplied from the system during one period can be increased.
- the semiconductor switch duty cycle according to an embodiment of the present invention may be set in various ways.
- the user may arbitrarily set the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch to adjust the amount of current that can be supplied to the load during one period.
- the turn-on and turn-off cycle of the semiconductor switch may be variously set.
- the user can set the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on and off for a preset time to 5 times, and in (d) of FIG. As shown, it can be set to 7 times by increasing the number of times. In this case, since the number of on-off repetitions is increased during the same time period, the on-off time during which the semiconductor switch is turned on and off once can be shortened.
- the control unit 100 may present the minimum and maximum values of the number of on-off repetitions of the semiconductor switch to the user as a guideline.
- the guideline is displayed through the input unit or transmitted to the remote control unit 190 through the communication unit 171 and displayed on the display unit of the remote control unit 190.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker further includes a display unit (not shown), it may be displayed through the display unit.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker further includes an audio output unit (not shown), audio information may be provided.
- the preset time for repeating the on/off of the semiconductor switch may also be arbitrarily determined by the user.
- the controller 100 may present minimum and maximum values for the preset time as guidelines so that too long or too short time is not set.
- the turn-on time for each cycle that is, the duty cycle, may be set differently.
- the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch may be set to maintain the same duty cycle during the same on-off period of the semiconductor switch, and in (b) of FIG. As shown, the semiconductor switch duty cycle, that is, the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch may be set to gradually increase.
- the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch may increase as the semiconductor switch continues to be turned on and off. That is, initially, as the duty cycle is small, the system and the load are connected only for a short time, but as time goes by, the duty cycle gradually increases and the system and the load can be connected for a longer time.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are only examples to help explain the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Accordingly, unlike those shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch and the number of on/off repetitions may be set in various ways.
- At least one of the A system and the B system may be a DC power system using Direct Current (DC) power.
- the other may be a DC load driven by receiving the DC current supplied from the DC power supply system.
- both the A system and the B system may be DC power systems.
- 5A and 5B show a process of generating inrush current mitigation setting information based on information input from a user by a semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention, and initial startup of a load according to the set inrush current mitigation setting information. It is a flow chart showing an operation process for mitigating the inrush current introduced during the operation.
- the controller 100 of the semiconductor circuit breaker may receive a user's input through the input unit 170 before turning on a semiconductor switch to connect a system and a load. It can (S500).
- the user's input may be directly input through the input unit 170 or input through the remote control unit 190 .
- the user's input received through the input unit 170 is setting information of the semiconductor switch for alleviating the inrush current generated when the load is connected to the grid, the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on and off, and as long as the semiconductor switch is turned on and off. It may include information about the ratio of the time the semiconductor switch is turned on and the time it is turned off during the period, that is, the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch.
- the control unit 100 may generate a duty signal for controlling the semiconductor switch according to the input information (S502).
- the duty signal may be a signal having a plurality of cycles according to the number of on-off times included in the inrush current mitigation setting information, and each cycle means a time at which the semiconductor switch is turned on and off according to the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch. can do.
- the duty signal may be a voltage signal applied to the gate terminal of each semiconductor switch.
- the voltage when the duty signal is turned on eg, ON 300 in FIGS. 3 and 4
- the voltage when the duty signal is turned off eg, OFF 310 of FIGS. 3 and 4
- the voltage when the duty signal is turned off may be a voltage lower than the threshold voltage of each semiconductor switch.
- a duty signal similar to that of FIG. 3 (a) to (c) or FIG. 4 may be formed according to the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch.
- a duty signal similar to (d) of FIG. 3 may be generated.
- control unit 100 may store the generated duty signal as setting information for inrush current relief (S504). Then, the inrush current mitigation setting information may be stored in the memory 180, and may be set to be automatically executed when the system and the load are initially connected.
- control unit 100 of the semiconductor circuit breaker may automatically start controlling the semiconductor switch according to the inrush current mitigation setting information when the semiconductor circuit breaker is turned on from the turned off state.
- driving of the semiconductor circuit breaker according to the inrush current mitigation setting information when the load is connected to the grid in a state in which no load is connected to the grid (no-load state) will be referred to as initial driving of the semiconductor circuit breaker.
- the control unit 100 of the semiconductor circuit breaker may not execute the soft trip function even when the conditions for performing the soft trip are satisfied as described above. Accordingly, the initial driving time of the semiconductor circuit breaker may be a time during which the soft trip function of the semiconductor switch is limited.
- FIG. 5B illustrates an operation process of the control unit 100 when the semiconductor circuit breaker is initially driven according to the inrush current mitigation setting information set in FIG. 5A.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker is turned on in a turned off state.
- the controller 100 may control the gate driver to apply a gate voltage equal to or higher than a threshold voltage to the semiconductor switch. Accordingly, the semiconductor switch may be turned on, and the grid and the load may be connected to supply current from the grid to the load.
- control unit 100 may start the initial driving and check the elapsed time after the semiconductor switch is turned on according to the initial driving (S550). .
- control unit 100 may detect whether the time checked in step S550 has passed the turn-on time of the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch according to the preset inrush current mitigation setting information (S552).
- the gate driver may be controlled so that a gate voltage less than the threshold voltage is applied to the semiconductor switch (S554). Accordingly, the semiconductor switch may be turned off, and the connection between the load and the grid may be cut off. Therefore, the current supply from the grid may be cut off.
- the control unit 100 may detect whether the turn-off time of the semiconductor switch has passed the turn-off time of the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch according to the inrush current mitigation setting information (S556).
- the gate driver may be controlled so that a gate voltage equal to or higher than the threshold voltage is applied to the semiconductor switch (S558). Accordingly, the semiconductor switch can be turned on again, and the load and grid can be reconnected. Therefore, the current supply from the grid can be resumed.
- the control unit 100 determines that the semiconductor switch is turned on and off. The number of times can be checked (S560).
- control unit 100 may detect whether the number of turns on and off of the semiconductor switch checked in step S560 reaches the number of repetitions of turning on and off the semiconductor switch set by the user's input (S562). .
- step S562 if the number of times checked in step S560 does not reach the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on and off, the control unit 100 proceeds to step S552 to determine the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch. It is possible to detect whether the turn-on time according to the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch has elapsed. Further, subsequent processes may be performed again according to the detection result.
- step S562 if the number of times checked in step S560 reaches the preset number of on-off repetitions of the semiconductor switch, the controller 100 may end the initial driving of the semiconductor circuit breaker. Accordingly, the initial driving may be terminated while the semiconductor switch is turned on, and accordingly, the turned-on state of the semiconductor switch may be maintained after the initial driving is terminated.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker has been described assuming a turned-on state in a turned-off state, but the present invention provides current supply in a state in which the connection between the grid and the load is completely cut off and the current supply to the load is completely cut off.
- the present invention provides current supply in a state in which the connection between the grid and the load is completely cut off and the current supply to the load is completely cut off.
- it can be applied to other cases that are resumed.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker after the semiconductor circuit breaker physically cuts off the connection between the system and the load due to a hardware trip, when the system or load accident is restored and the connection between the system and the load is physically restored ( Example: It can also be applied to blocking switch 150 off).
- At least one of the duty cycle and the number of on/off repetitions of the semiconductor switch may be determined based on a state of the semiconductor circuit breaker in addition to a user's input.
- the state of the semiconductor circuit breaker for determining the duty cycle and the number of on-off repetitions of the semiconductor switch may be a state in which the condition for generating the soft trip is satisfied. That is, the controller 100 of the semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention may automatically determine the duty cycle and the number of on/off repetitions of the semiconductor switch based on whether a condition for generating a soft trip is satisfied.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process in which a semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention dynamically changes the duty cycle of a semiconductor switch based on a state of the semiconductor circuit breaker.
- the controller 100 may control the gate driver to apply a gate voltage equal to or higher than a threshold voltage to the semiconductor switch (S600). Accordingly, the semiconductor switch may be turned on, and the grid and the load may be connected so that the grid current may be supplied to the load.
- control unit 100 may check whether the semiconductor circuit breaker satisfies the conditions for generating a soft trip (S602).
- the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch may be increased or decreased according to whether a soft trip generation condition is satisfied (S604).
- the soft trip may be performed when the current in the semiconductor circuit breaker increases to a predetermined current level (second current level) or higher. Therefore, the step S602 may be a step of checking whether the current inside the semiconductor circuit breaker has increased to the second current level or higher.
- the controller 100 may increase the duty cycle value of the semiconductor switch in step S604.
- the duty cycle when the duty cycle is increased, since the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch is increased in the same signal period, the turn-off time may be shortened. Therefore, more current can flow from the grid during one cycle of the duty signal.
- the controller 100 may decrease the duty cycle value of the semiconductor switch in step S604.
- the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch is shortened in the same signal period, so the turn-off time may be increased. Therefore, less current can flow from the grid during one cycle of the duty signal.
- the controller 100 may detect whether the turn-on time according to the changed duty cycle has elapsed (S606).
- the gate driver may be controlled so that a gate voltage less than the threshold voltage is applied to the semiconductor switch (S608). Accordingly, the semiconductor switch may be turned off, and the connection between the grid and the load may be cut off, thereby stopping the supply of current from the grid.
- the control unit 100 can detect whether the turn-off time of the semiconductor switch has passed the turn-off time of the duty cycle changed in step S604 (S610).
- the gate driver may be controlled so that a gate voltage equal to or higher than the threshold voltage is applied to the semiconductor switch (S612). Accordingly, the semiconductor switch can be turned on again, and the load and grid can be reconnected. Therefore, the current supply from the grid can be resumed.
- the control unit 100 controls the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on and off. It is possible to detect whether turn-on and turn-off have been made (S614). In this case, the number of on/off times of the semiconductor switch may be preset by a user or the like.
- step S614 if the turn-on and turn-off of the semiconductor switch are not performed as many times as the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on and off, the control unit 100 resets the semiconductor switch in the state in which the semiconductor switch is turned on through step S612. Proceeding to step S602, it may be checked whether the soft trip generation condition is satisfied due to the current flowing inside the semiconductor circuit breaker. Then, proceeding to step S604, the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch may be increased or decreased again according to whether a soft trip generation condition is satisfied.
- step S604 the controller 100 may again perform the process from step S606 to step S612 according to the changed duty cycle. Then, step S614 may be entered again.
- the control unit 100 may terminate the initial driving of the semiconductor circuit breaker for alleviating the inrush current.
- the initial driving may be ended in a state in which the semiconductor switch is turned on (step S612), and accordingly, the turned-on state of the semiconductor switch may be maintained after the initial driving is finished.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process in which a semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention dynamically changes the number of on-off times of a semiconductor switch based on a state of the semiconductor circuit breaker.
- the control unit 100 may turn on the semiconductor switch by controlling the gate driver (S700). Therefore, the grid and the load are connected so that the grid current can be supplied to the load. Also, the controller 100 may check whether a condition for generating a soft trip is satisfied (S702).
- the controller 100 may increase or decrease the number of repetitions of turning on/off the semiconductor switch according to whether the soft trip generation condition is satisfied (S704). In this case, if the soft trip generation condition is not satisfied, the control unit 100 may decrease the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on and off. For example, the controller 100 may decrease the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on or off by a preset value (eg, once) or according to a preset ratio (eg, 1/2 times). As such, if the number of on-off times of the semiconductor switch is reduced, the initial driving time of the semiconductor circuit breaker for alleviating the inrush current may be further shortened.
- a preset value eg, once
- a preset ratio eg, 1/2 times
- the controller 100 may increase the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on and off in step S704. For example, the controller 100 may increase the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on or off by a preset value (eg, once) or according to a preset ratio (eg, twice). In this case, if the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on and off is increased, the initial driving time of the semiconductor circuit breaker for alleviating the inrush current may be further extended.
- a preset value eg, once
- a preset ratio eg, twice
- the control unit 100 may detect whether the turn-on time according to the preset duty cycle of the semiconductor switch has elapsed (S706).
- the gate driver may be controlled to turn off the semiconductor switch (S708).
- the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch may be preset by a user or the like.
- the controller 100 may detect whether the turn-off time of the semiconductor switch has passed the turn-off time of the preset semiconductor switch duty cycle (S710). When the turn-off time has elapsed, the gate driver may be controlled so that the semiconductor switch is turned on again (S712).
- the control unit 100 controls the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on and off changed in step S704. It is possible to detect whether turn-on and turn-off have been made (S714).
- step S714 if the turn-on and turn-off of the semiconductor switch are not performed as many times as the number of on-off times set in step S704, the controller 100 determines that the semiconductor switch is turned on through step S712. , it may proceed to step S702 again to check whether the soft trip generation condition is satisfied due to the current flowing inside the semiconductor circuit breaker. Then, proceeding to step S704, the number of on/off times of the semiconductor switch may be set again according to whether the soft trip generation condition is satisfied. Accordingly, the number of on-off times of the semiconductor switch may be changed again.
- controller 100 may perform the process from step S706 to step S712 again. Then, step S714 may be entered again.
- step S714 if the turn-on and turn-off of the semiconductor switch have been performed as many times as the number of turns on and off of the semiconductor switch set in step S704, the control unit 100 sets the initial stage of the semiconductor circuit breaker for alleviating the inrush current. drive can be terminated. Accordingly, the initial driving may be terminated in a state in which the semiconductor switch is turned on (step S712), and accordingly, the turned-on state of the semiconductor switch may be maintained after the initial driving is terminated.
- the control unit 100 of the semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention may determine whether physical blocking using a cut-off switch is necessary in the process of detecting whether the soft trip generation condition is satisfied, and according to the determination result Accordingly, the system and the load may be physically separated by controlling the cut-off switch 150. Accordingly, the semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention protects other systems or loads or internal elements of the semiconductor circuit breaker from overcurrent caused by an accident in a system or load even during the initial driving for mitigating the inrush current. can protect
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process of physically disconnecting a load from a system in a process of checking whether a soft trip generation condition is satisfied by a semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the control unit 100 of the semiconductor circuit breaker detects the current level supplied from the system to the load as the semiconductor switch is turned on when step S602 of FIG. 6 or step S702 of FIG. 7 is entered. can do.
- step S800 If the current level detected in step S800 is less than the soft trip level, the controller 100 may not execute the hard trip. Accordingly, the process may proceed to step S604 of FIG. 6 or step S704 of FIG. 7 . In this case, since the soft trip generation condition is not satisfied, the control unit 100 may increase the semiconductor switch duty cycle when proceeding to step S604 of FIG. 6 . In addition, when proceeding to step S704 of FIG. 7 , the control unit 100 may decrease the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on and off.
- the semiconductor switch may detect whether the currently detected current is greater than or equal to the hardware trip level (first current level) that causes a hardware trip ( S802).
- the first current level may be a current level having a greater value than the second current level.
- the current level at which the hardware trip occurs (the first current level) and the current level at which the cut-off switch is driven are equal to each other.
- both blocking by the blocking switch 150 and hardware tripping may be performed.
- step S802 if the current level detected by the semiconductor circuit breaker has a value greater than or equal to the first current level, the control unit 100 determines that a current of a magnitude that may cause damage to the system or load due to an accident, etc. It can be judged by flowing. Accordingly, the control unit 100 may turn on the cut-off switch 150 to physically separate the load from the system (S808). In this case, as a current higher than the current level at which the hardware trip occurs is detected, the hardware trip may be performed by the semiconductor switch itself.
- step S802 if the current level detected in the semiconductor circuit breaker has a value less than the first current level, the controller 100 may increase the count value of the number of times the soft trip occurrence condition is satisfied. (S804).
- step S804 the controller 100 may check whether the number of times the soft trip condition has been met reaches a preset number (S806). In addition, when the number of times the soft trip condition is satisfied reaches a preset number of times, the controller 100 may determine that the overcurrent is continuously introduced.
- the controller 100 may proceed to step S808 to turn on the cut-off switch 150. Accordingly, even in a state in which a current sufficient to cause a hardware trip is not introduced, when a predetermined condition is satisfied, elements inside the semiconductor circuit breaker may be protected from overcurrent through physical separation.
- step S806 when the number of times the soft trip condition is satisfied does not reach the preset number, the controller 100 may proceed to step S604 of FIG. 6 or step S704 of FIG. 7 .
- the control unit 100 since the soft trip condition is satisfied according to the detection result of step S800 of FIG. 8 , the control unit 100 may decrease the semiconductor switch duty cycle when proceeding to step S604 of FIG. 6 .
- the controller 100 when proceeding to step S704 of FIG. 7 , the controller 100 may increase the number of times the semiconductor switch is turned on and off.
- the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, the first current level at which the hardware trip level occurs and the current level at which the cut-off switch is driven may be different from each other.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention can set the duty cycle and the number of on-off repetitions of the semiconductor switch based on the characteristics of the current flowing therein.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a process in which a semiconductor circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention generates inrush current mitigation setting information based on the characteristics of an incoming current and performs initial driving to alleviate inrush current according to the generated setting information. It is the flow chart shown.
- the control unit 100 of the semiconductor circuit breaker may start initial driving to relieve inrush current.
- the control unit 100 may measure the amount of current flowing between the power system and the load at predetermined time intervals from the current sensor 160 (S900). In addition, it may be determined whether the measured current level is greater than or equal to the current level that causes the hardware trip (S902).
- step S902 if the measured current level is equal to or greater than the current level that causes the hardware trip, the control unit 100 turns on the hardware switch breaker switch 150 to physically separate the semiconductor circuit breaker. Internal elements can be protected (S912). In this case, as a current higher than the current level at which the hardware trip occurs is detected, the hardware trip may be performed by the semiconductor switch itself.
- the controller 100 may calculate the current characteristics from the current values measured for a certain period of time (S904).
- the current characteristic may include an increase or decrease of the current level over time, that is, a current level change over time (eg, a slope of the current level change over time). It may also include statistical information such as minimum current level, maximum current level, and average current level.
- the controller 100 may generate setting information for inrush current mitigation, that is, inrush current mitigation setting information, based on the extracted current characteristics (S906).
- control unit 100 may set at least one of the duty cycle and the number of on/off repetitions of the semiconductor switch based on the amount of current increase over time.
- control unit 100 may set the duty cycle to decrease as the amount of current increase over time increases. That is, since the inrush current increases rapidly as the amount of current increase over time increases, the control unit 100 may set the duty cycle to be small, thereby preventing current exceeding the hardware trip level from flowing in during the turn-on time of the semiconductor switch. In this case, when the duty cycle is reduced, the time during which the semiconductor switch is turned off within one period of the duty signal increases, so that the current level in the semiconductor circuit breaker can drop sufficiently.
- control unit 100 may increase the number of repetitions of turning on/off the semiconductor switch as the amount of current increase over time increases. That is, since it is disproved that the larger the current size increase over time, the larger the inrush current, the controller 100 may increase the number of repetitions of turning on/off the semiconductor switch so that the inrush current can be sufficiently resolved.
- the memory 180 may include a plurality of inrush current mitigation setting information in which at least one of the duty cycle and the number of on-off repetitions of the semiconductor switch is different from each other, and based on the current characteristics calculated in step S904, any one Inrush current mitigation setting information can be detected and set.
- the memory 180 may include inrush current mitigation setting information including the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch and the number of on/off repetitions.
- the control unit 100 may change at least one of the duty cycle of the semiconductor switch and the number of on/off repetitions of the inrush current mitigation setting information stored in the memory 180 according to the current characteristics calculated in step S904.
- the control unit 100 may determine the time required for the initial drive (ie, the total time required to repeatedly turn on and off the semiconductor switch), the time for turning on and off the semiconductor switch once, and the time corresponding to one cycle. The length of may be changed according to the calculated current characteristics.
- the controller 100 may turn on and off the semiconductor switch according to the set information (S908). In addition, it may be checked whether turning on and off of the semiconductor switch has been repeated as many times as the number of on-off repetitions according to the set inrush current mitigation setting information (S910).
- step S910 if the semiconductor switch is not turned on and off as many times as the number of on-off repetitions according to the inrush current mitigation setting information, the semiconductor switch proceeds to step S908 according to the set information (eg, duty cycle). The switch can be turned on and turned off again.
- the control unit 100 maintains the semiconductor switch in the turned-on state. The initial driving process of 9 may be terminated.
- the first and second semiconductor switches 111 and 112 include N-channel MOSFET devices as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the first and second semiconductor switches 111 and 112 include all devices that can be turned on/off by a gate drive voltage applied by the controller 100, such as IGBT, GTO, and IGCT.
- a gate drive voltage applied by the controller 100 such as IGBT, GTO, and IGCT.
- IGBT IGBT, GTO, and IGCT.
- IGCT IGCT
- the semiconductor circuit breaker according to the embodiment of the present invention is used for a DC power system and a DC power load
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the semiconductor switch duty cycle or the number of semiconductor switch on-off repetitions can be dynamically changed according to the operating state of the semiconductor circuit breaker or the current state inside the semiconductor circuit breaker. . Therefore, it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied not only to a DC power system and a DC power load but also to an AC power system and an AC power load.
- the control method of the control unit for controlling the semiconductor circuit breaker related to the present invention described above can be implemented as computer readable code on a program recording medium.
- a computer-readable medium includes all types of recording devices in which data readable by a computer system is stored. Examples of computer-readable media include Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Solid State Disk (SSD), Silicon Disk Drive (SDD), ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage device, etc. , and also includes those implemented in the form of a carrier wave (eg, transmission over the Internet).
- the computer may include a control unit of the semiconductor circuit breaker.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (21)
- 전력 계통과 부하 사이에 배치되는 반도체 회로 차단기(Solid State Circuit Breaker)에 있어서,게이트 단자에 인가되는 전압에 따라 상기 전력 계통과 상기 부하를 전기적으로 연결하거나 차단하는 반도체 스위치를 포함하는 반도체 스위치부; 및,상기 반도체 회로 차단기가 턴 온 되면, 기 설정된 초기 구동 시간 동안 턴 온 및 턴 오프를 반복하도록 상기 반도체 스위치를 제어하여, 상기 전력 계통과 부하의 초기 연결에 따른 돌입전류의 크기를 점차적으로 완화시키는 제어부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제어부는,상기 초기 구동 시간 동안, 상기 반도체 회로 차단기 내의 전류 레벨이, 반도체 스위치에 내장된 트립(trip) 기능이 실행되는 제1 전류 레벨에 도달하는 경우에 한하여, 하드웨어 트립 기능만을 실행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제어부는,상기 초기 구동 시간 동안에 상기 턴 온 및 턴 오프가 기 설정된 시간을 주기로 반복되도록 상기 반도체 스위치를 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기.
- 제3항에 있어서,사용자의 입력을 입력받는 입력부를 더 포함하며,상기 제어부는,상기 기 설정된 시간과 상기 반도체 스위치가 턴 온되는 시간의 비율인 반도체 스위치 듀티 사이클(duty cycle)과, 상기 초기 구동 시간 동안에 상기 반도체 스위치의 턴 온 및 턴 오프가 반복되는 온오프 반복 횟수 및, 상기 초기 구동 시간의 정보를 포함하는 초기 구동 정보를 상기 입력부를 통해 수신하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 제어부는,상기 초기 구동 정보가 수신되면, 상기 초기 구동 정보에 따라 상기 초기 구동 시간 동안 상기 적어도 하나의 반도체 스위치를 제어할 듀티 시그널(duty signal)을 생성하고,상기 듀티 시그널은,상기 기 설정된 시간을 주기로, 상기 반도체 스위치 듀티 사이클에 따라 상기 적어도 하나의 반도체 스위치의 게이트 단자에 인가될 게이트 전압 시그널임을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 반도체 스위치 듀티 사이클은,각 주기 별로 반도체 스위치가 턴 온 된 시간이 각각 다르게 설정되며,반도체 스위치의 턴 온 및 턴 오프가 지속될수록, 한 주기 내에서 반도체 스위치가 턴 온되는 시간이 길어지도록 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 반도체 스위치의 각 게이트 단자에, 게이트 전압을 인가는 복수의 게이트 드라이버를 더 포함하며,상기 제어부는,상기 반도체 스위치의 게이트 단자에, 문턱 전압 이상의 게이트 전압이 인가되도록 하거나, 또는 상기 문턱 전압 미만의 게이트 전압이 인가되도록 상기 반도체 스위치에 각각 대응하는 적어도 하나의 게이트 드라이버를 제어하여, 상기 반도체 스위치를 턴 온 및 턴 오프하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 전력 계통으로부터 상기 반도체 회로 차단기 및 부하를 물리적으로 연결하거나 차단하는 차단 스위치를 더 포함하며,상기 제어부는,상기 초기 구동 시간 동안, 상기 반도체 회로 차단기 내의 전류 레벨이, 소프트 트립 기능이 실행되는 제2 전류 레벨에 도달하는 경우 상기 소프트 트립 기능이 실행되는 조건이 충족된 횟수를 카운트하고,상기 소프트 트립 기능이 실행되는 조건이 충족된 횟수가 기 설정된 횟수 이상이거나, 상기 반도체 회로 차단기 내부의 전류가 상기 차단 스위치가 동작하는 기 설정된 전류 레벨 이상인 경우, 상기 차단 스위치를 구동하여 상기 전력 계통과 상기 부하를 물리적으로 분리시키며,상기 제2 전류 레벨은,상기 제1 전류 레벨보다 낮은 전류 레벨임을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 기 설정된 시간과 상기 반도체 스위치가 턴 온되는 시간의 비율인 반도체 스위치 듀티 사이클, 상기 초기 구동 시간 동안에 상기 반도체 스위치의 턴 온 및 턴 오프가 반복되는 온오프 반복 횟수를 포함하는 메모리를 더 구비하며,상기 제어부는,상기 반도체 스위치가 턴 온 및 턴 오프를 반복하는 동안, 소프트 트립 기능이 실행되는 조건의 충족 여부에 따라 상기 반도체 스위치 듀티 사이클 및 상기 온오프 반복 횟수 중 적어도 하나를 증가시키거나 감소시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 기 설정된 시간과 상기 반도체 스위치가 턴 온되는 시간의 비율인 반도체 스위치 듀티 사이클, 상기 초기 구동 시간 동안에 상기 반도체 스위치의 턴 온 및 턴 오프가 반복되는 온오프 반복 횟수를 포함하는 메모리를 더 구비하며,상기 제어부는,상기 전력 계통과 부하의 초기 연결에 따른 돌입전류의 특성을 산출하고, 산출된 돌입 전류의 특성에 따라 상기 반도체 스위치 듀티 사이클 및 상기 온오프 반복 횟수 중 적어도 하나를 증가시키거나 감소시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 돌입전류 특성은,상기 전력 계통과 부하의 초기 연결 시 상기 반도체 회로 차단기에서 검출되는 전류 크기의 시간별 변화량 또는 전류 계측값의 통계적 산출값 중 어느 하나를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전력 계통과 상기 부하는,직류 전원 계통 및 직류 전원 부하임을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기.
- 전력 계통과 부하 사이에 배치되며, 반도체 스위치를 포함하는 반도체 회로 차단기(Solid State Circuit Breaker)의 제어 방법에 있어서,상기 반도체 회로 차단기가 턴 온 되는 경우, 상기 반도체 스위치를 턴 온하여 상기 전력 계통과 부하를 초기 연결하는 단계; 및,기 설정된 초기 구동 시간 동안, 상기 전력 계통과 부하의 초기 연결에 따른 돌입전류의 크기가 점차적으로 완화되도록 상기 반도체 스위치의 턴 오프 및 턴 온을 반복하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기의 제어 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 상기 기 설정된 초기 구동 시간은,상기 반도체 회로 차단기 내의 전류 레벨이, 상기 반도체 스위치에 내장된 트립(trip) 기능이 실행되는 제1 전류 레벨에 도달하는 경우에 한하여, 하드웨어 트립 기능만을 실행하는 시간임을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기의 제어 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 반도체 스위치의 턴 오프 및 턴 온을 반복하는 단계는,상기 초기 구동 시간 동안, 상기 턴 오프 및 턴 온이 기 설정된 시간을 주기로 반복되는 단계이며,상기 초기 구동 시간 동안, 상기 반도체 회로 차단기 내의 전류 레벨이, 소프트 트립 기능이 실행되는 제2 전류 레벨에 도달하는 경우 상기 소프트 트립 기능의 실행을 제한하는 단계임을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기의 제어 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서,상기 반도체 스위치의 턴 오프 및 턴 온은,반도체 스위치가 1회 턴 오프 및 턴 온되는 한 주기 동안에 상기 반도체 스위치가 턴 온되는 시간의 비율인 반도체 스위치 듀티 사이클 및, 상기 반도체 스위치의 턴 온 및 턴 오프가 반복되는 온오프 반복 횟수에 따라, 상기 반도체 스위치의 게이트 단자에 인가될 게이트 전압 시그널에 의해 이루어지며,상기 계통과 부하를 초기 연결하는 단계는,기 설정된 상기 반도체 듀티 사이클과 주기 및, 상기 초기 구동 시간에 근거하여 상기 게이트 전압 시그널을 생성하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기의 제어 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 반도체 스위치의 턴 오프 및 턴 온을 반복하는 단계는,상기 반도체 회로 차단기 내의 전류 레벨이, 소프트 트립 기능의 실행 조건을 충족하였는지 여부를 체크하는 단계;상기 소프트 트립 기능의 실행 조건이 충족된 경우 상기 반도체 스위치 듀티 사이클을 감소시키는 단계; 및,상기 소프트 트립 기능의 실행 조건이 충족되지 않은 경우 상기 반도체 스위치 듀티 사이클을 증가시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기의 제어 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 반도체 스위치의 턴 오프 및 턴 온을 반복하는 단계는,상기 반도체 회로 차단기 내의 전류 레벨이, 소프트 트립 기능의 실행 조건을 충족하였는지 여부를 체크하는 단계;상기 소프트 트립 기능의 실행 조건이 충족된 경우 상기 반도체 스위치의 온오프 반복 횟수를 증가시키는 단계; 및,상기 소프트 트립 기능의 실행 조건이 충족되지 않은 경우 상기 반도체 스위치의 온오프 반복 횟수를 감소시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기의 제어 방법.
- 제17항 또는 제18항에 있어서,상기 반도체 회로 차단기 내의 전류 레벨이, 소프트 트립 기능의 실행 조건을 충족하였는지 여부를 체크하는 단계는,상기 반도체 스위치의 턴 오프 및 턴 온이 반복되는 동안 상기 소프트 트립 기능의 실행 조건이 충족된 횟수를 체크하는 단계; 및,상기 소프트 트립 기능의 실행 조건이 기 설정된 횟수 이상 충족된 경우, 차단 스위치를 구동하여 상기 전력 계통과 상기 부하를 물리적으로 분리시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기의 제어 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서, 상기 계통과 부하를 초기 연결하는 단계는,상기 전력 계통과 부하의 초기 연결에 따른 돌입전류의 특성을 산출하는 단계;산출된 돌입 전류의 특성에 따라 상기 반도체 스위치 듀티 사이클 및 상기 온오프 반복 횟수 중 적어도 하나를 증가시키거나 감소시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기의 제어 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서, 상기 반도체 스위치 듀티 사이클은,각 주기 별로 반도체 스위치가 턴 온 된 시간이 각각 다르게 설정되며,반도체 스위치의 턴 온 및 턴 오프가 지속될수록, 한 주기 내에서 반도체 스위치가 턴 온되는 시간이 길어지도록 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 회로 차단기의 제어 방법.
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2021
- 2021-12-23 KR KR1020210186357A patent/KR102751077B1/ko active Active
-
2022
- 2022-10-12 US US18/691,963 patent/US12609525B2/en active Active
- 2022-10-12 WO PCT/KR2022/015407 patent/WO2023120909A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-12 CN CN202280051526.5A patent/CN117730462A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101057958B1 (ko) * | 2010-07-30 | 2011-08-18 | 김병호 | 돌입전류 충격방지 및 대기전력 차단을 위한 스위치 |
| JP2013172603A (ja) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-09-02 | Ntt Facilities Inc | 半導体遮断器、及び直流給電システム |
| KR20170108140A (ko) * | 2015-01-30 | 2017-09-26 | 제네럴 일렉트릭 테크놀러지 게엠베하 | 역전류 발생을 구비한 dc 회로 차단기 |
| KR101600015B1 (ko) * | 2015-06-29 | 2016-03-04 | 주식회사 이피에스 | 반도체 스위치 및 릴레이를 사용하는 dc 배전용 차단기 |
| US10541530B2 (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2020-01-21 | Atom Power, Inc. | Hybrid air-gap / solid-state circuit breaker |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR102751077B1 (ko) | 2025-01-09 |
| KR20230096655A (ko) | 2023-06-30 |
| CN117730462A (zh) | 2024-03-19 |
| US12609525B2 (en) | 2026-04-21 |
| US20240388080A1 (en) | 2024-11-21 |
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