WO2023120871A1 - 배터리 보호 회로에서의 스위치 손상 진단 장치 및 방법, 그리고 이를 포함하는 배터리 관리 장치 - Google Patents
배터리 보호 회로에서의 스위치 손상 진단 장치 및 방법, 그리고 이를 포함하는 배터리 관리 장치 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023120871A1 WO2023120871A1 PCT/KR2022/013773 KR2022013773W WO2023120871A1 WO 2023120871 A1 WO2023120871 A1 WO 2023120871A1 KR 2022013773 W KR2022013773 W KR 2022013773W WO 2023120871 A1 WO2023120871 A1 WO 2023120871A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- point
- voltage value
- battery
- voltage
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/333—Testing of the switching capacity of high-voltage circuit-breakers ; Testing of breaking capacity or related variables, e.g. post arc current or transient recovery voltage
- G01R31/3333—Apparatus, systems or circuits therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
- G01R31/2607—Circuits therefor
- G01R31/2621—Circuits therefor for testing field effect transistors, i.e. FET's
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for diagnosing damage to a switch in a battery protection circuit, and a battery management device including the same, and more specifically, to whether a switch is damaged in a battery protection circuit to prevent overcharging and overdischarging of a battery pack It relates to a switch damage diagnosis device and method for diagnosing, and a battery management device including the same.
- Batteries are being applied to various industrial fields such as mobile application devices, automobiles, robots, and energy storage devices as a countermeasure against environmental regulations and high oil price issues.
- a battery pack is provided as a rechargeable secondary battery, but such a battery is ignited when overcharged or deteriorated when overdischarged, resulting in a reduced lifespan.
- conventional battery management devices provide a battery protection circuit that blocks a charging or discharging circuit when overcharging or overdischarging occurs in order to protect a battery pack.
- a battery protection circuit blocks a charge/discharge circuit by controlling the operation of a switch connected to one or more battery packs.
- a switch applied to a battery protection circuit is provided as a power transistor whose drain terminal is grounded.
- An object of the present invention to solve the above problems is to provide a high stability, high precision and high reliability battery management device.
- Another object of the present invention to solve the above problems is to provide a method for diagnosing switch damage with high stability, high accuracy and high reliability.
- Another object of the present invention to solve the above problems is to provide a high stability, high precision and high reliability switch damage diagnosis device.
- a battery management device for achieving the above object is a battery protection circuit including a first switch and a second switch connected to a battery pack, and a first switch and a second switch provided by a power transistor. And a switch damage diagnosis device for diagnosing whether any one of the first switch and the second switch is damaged by measuring a voltage value at at least one point in the battery protection circuit, wherein the first switch The source (Source) terminal of the and the source (Source) terminal of the second switch includes a common ground (Common Source).
- the first switch may be a discharge control transistor that controls a discharge circuit when the battery pack is discharged
- the second switch may be a charge control transistor that controls a charge circuit when the battery pack is charged.
- a drain terminal of the first switch may be connected to a positive electrode of the battery cell, and a drain terminal of the second switch may be connected to a load.
- the battery may further include a voltage applying circuit connected to a point and the other end, bypassing the first switch and the second switch, and applying the voltage of the battery pack to the second point.
- the voltage application circuit may be a switching circuit composed of a P channel.
- the at least one point is a first point between the battery pack and the drain terminal of the first switch, a second point between the drain terminal of the second switch and the load, and the first point.
- a source of the switch and a source of the second switch may include a third point at a common ground.
- the switch damage diagnosis apparatus may determine that the first switch and the second switch operate normally when the voltage value at the third point is less than or equal to a threshold value.
- the apparatus for diagnosing damage to the switch may include the first switch And it can be determined that the second switch is normally operated.
- the switch damage diagnosis apparatus determines that one of the first switch and the second switch is damaged when the voltage value at the first point to the voltage value at the third point is greater than or equal to a threshold value. can do.
- a method for diagnosing whether the first switch and the second switch are damaged in a battery protection circuit including a first switch and a second switch connected to a battery pack is Measuring a voltage value at a specific point in the battery protection circuit and diagnosing whether the switch is damaged by comparing the voltage value with a threshold value, wherein the source terminal of the first switch and the A source terminal of the second switch includes a common ground.
- the first switch may be a discharge control transistor that controls a discharge circuit when the battery cell is discharged
- the second switch may be a charge control transistor that controls a charge circuit when the battery cell is charged.
- the battery protection circuit has a first point and one end connected between the battery pack and the drain terminal of the first switch, and a second point between the drain terminal of the second switch and the load.
- the battery may further include a voltage applying circuit connected to a point and the other end, bypassing the first switch and the second switch, and applying the voltage of the battery pack to the second point.
- the voltage application circuit may be a switching circuit composed of a P channel.
- measuring a voltage value at a specific point in the battery protection circuit may include measuring a voltage value at a first point between the battery pack and a drain terminal of the first switch, the second Measuring a voltage value at a second point between a drain terminal of a switch and the load, and a source of the first switch and a source of the second switch are connected to a common ground It may include measuring the voltage value at the third point.
- the step of diagnosing whether the switch is damaged by comparing the voltage value with a threshold value indicates that the first switch and the second switch operate normally when the voltage value at the third point is less than or equal to the threshold value. It may include a decision-making step.
- the step of diagnosing whether or not the switch is damaged by comparing the voltage value with a threshold value includes the voltage value at the first point and the voltage value at the second point greater than or equal to the threshold value, and at the third point When the voltage value of is less than or equal to a threshold value, determining that the first switch and the second switch are normally operated may be included.
- the step of diagnosing whether the switch is damaged by comparing the voltage value with a threshold value may include, when the voltage value at the first point to the voltage value at the third point is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the first switch and It may include determining that any one of the second switches is damaged.
- first switch and the second switch may be high side type power transistors positioned close to the battery pack relative to the load.
- an apparatus for diagnosing damage to the first switch and the second switch in a battery protection circuit including a first switch and a second switch connected to a battery pack includes a memory and a processor that executes at least one command of the memory, wherein the at least one command includes a command to measure a voltage value at at least one point in the battery protection circuit and a voltage value as a threshold A command for diagnosing whether the switch is damaged by comparing the value with a value, wherein a source terminal of the first switch and a source terminal of the second switch are connected to a common source.
- the first switch may be a discharge control transistor that controls a discharge circuit when the battery cell is discharged
- the second switch may be a charge control transistor that controls a charge circuit when the battery cell is charged.
- the battery protection circuit has a first point and one end connected between the battery pack and the drain terminal of the first switch, and a second point between the drain terminal of the second switch and the load.
- the battery may further include a voltage applying circuit connected to a point and the other end, bypassing the first switch and the second switch, and applying the voltage of the battery pack to the second point.
- the voltage application circuit may be a switching circuit composed of a P channel.
- the command to measure a voltage value at at least one point in the battery protection circuit includes a command to measure a voltage value at a first point between the battery pack and the drain terminal of the first switch.
- a command for measuring a voltage value at a second point between the drain terminal of the second switch and the load, and the source of the first switch and the source of the second switch are common It may include a command to measure a voltage value at a third grounded point (common source).
- the first switch and the second switch operate normally.
- the command for diagnosing whether the switch is damaged by comparing the voltage value with a threshold value is, when the voltage value at the first point to the voltage value at the third point is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the first switch And it can be determined that any one of the second switch is damaged.
- first switch and the second switch may be high side type power transistors positioned close to the battery pack relative to the load.
- An apparatus and method for diagnosing damage to a switch in a battery protection circuit and a battery management apparatus including the same include one or more battery packs and a switch connected to a positive electrode of the battery pack to detect overdischarge of the battery pack and a first switch and a second switch provided by a battery protection circuit and a power transistor to protect against overcharging, wherein a voltage value at at least one point in the battery protection circuit is measured to determine the first switch and the second switch and a switch damage diagnosis device for diagnosing whether any one of the switches is damaged, and a source terminal of the first switch and a source terminal of the second switch are connected to a common ground, thereby measuring current.
- FIG. 1 shows the structure of a battery system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 2 is a part of a battery protection circuit diagram in a general battery management device.
- FIG. 3 is a part of a battery protection circuit diagram in a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an apparatus for diagnosing damage to a switch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for diagnosing damage to a switch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a table summarizing switch states according to voltage measurement values at first to third points in a battery protection circuit according to an experimental example of the present invention.
- switch S1 first switch (DFET)
- first, second, A, and B may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, a first element may be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element may be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the term “and/or” includes any combination of a plurality of related listed items or any of a plurality of related listed items.
- FIG. 1 shows the structure of a battery system to which the present invention can be applied.
- a battery pack or battery module may include a plurality of connected battery cells.
- a battery cell or module may be charged/discharged by being connected to a load through a positive terminal and a negative terminal.
- the most commonly used battery cell is a lithium-ion (Li-Ion) battery cell.
- a battery management system may be installed in the battery module or battery pack.
- a battery management system may monitor the current, voltage, and temperature of each battery pack under its control, calculate a status of charge (SOC) based on the monitoring result, and control charging and discharging.
- SOC State of Charge
- SOH State of Health; State of Battery Life
- the battery management system monitors the battery cells and can read the cell voltage and transmit it to other systems connected to the battery.
- BMS battery management system
- a battery management system may include various components such as a fuse, a current sensing element, a thermistor, a switch, and a balancer. (Battery Monitoring Integrated Chip) is included in most cases.
- the BMIC may be an IC type component that is located inside a battery management system (BMS) and measures information such as voltage, temperature, and current of a battery cell/module.
- the battery management system may include a battery protection circuit for blocking a charge/discharge circuit.
- a battery management system also monitors battery cells and can read cell voltages and communicate them to other systems connected to the battery.
- the battery management system (BMS) may include a communication module for communicating with other systems in the device including the battery system.
- the communication module of the battery management unit (BMS) can communicate with other systems within the device using a Controller Area Network (CAN).
- CAN Controller Area Network
- parts, modules, or systems within the battery management system (BMS) are connected to each other through the CAN bus.
- CAN communication Controller Area Network
- CAN communication is a standard communication specification designed to allow microcontrollers or devices to communicate with each other without a host computer in a vehicle.
- CAN communication may be a non-host bus type message-based network protocol mainly used for communication between controllers.
- FIG. 2 is a part of a battery protection circuit diagram in a general battery management device.
- a battery protection circuit in a battery management device may be a circuit for blocking a charging/discharging circuit.
- the battery protection circuit is a circuit composed of one or more battery packs and a switch, and can block the charging/discharging circuit by controlling the operation of the switch when an abnormal current occurs in the circuit due to an external environment. Accordingly, the battery protection circuit may prevent overcharging or overdischarging of the battery pack due to an abnormal current.
- the switch may be provided with power transistors (Power FETs) that perform charge control and discharge control.
- Power FETs power transistors
- a switch in a general battery protection circuit may include a charge control transistor (CFET) and a discharge control transistor (DFET).
- CFET charge control transistor
- DFET discharge control transistor
- a source terminal is connected to an anode of a battery cell, and a drain terminal is connected to a drain terminal of a discharge control transistor (DFET).
- DFET discharge control transistor
- the conventional charge control transistor (CFET) and discharge control transistor (DFET) are provided in the form of a common drain in which a drain is commonly grounded.
- the source terminal of the conventional discharge control transistor is provided connected to an external input/output terminal, that is, a load.
- the operation of the switch may be controlled by high voltage sensing (HV sensing) measured at the first point and the second point in the battery protection circuit.
- HV sensing high voltage sensing
- the voltage value measured at the first point may be a voltage value (V B+ ) between the connected battery pack and the charge control transistor (CFET), and the voltage value measured at the second point may be the connected discharge control transistor (DFET) and It may be a voltage value (V P+ ) between the external input and output terminals.
- the conventional device for diagnosing switch damage can measure current only in a state in which the battery pack is being charged or discharged, it is difficult to prevent damage to the battery pack when an abnormal current is applied.
- a high-stability, high-accuracy and high-reliability switch damage diagnosis device and method capable of diagnosing damage to a switch only by measuring voltage even in a state where charging and discharging current does not flow, and a battery management device including the same will explain
- FIG. 3 is a part of a battery protection circuit diagram in a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a battery management system may include a battery protection circuit and a switch damage diagnosis device.
- the battery protection circuit may be configured by connecting one or more battery packs (B) and a switch (S). Accordingly, in the battery protection circuit, the flow of charge/discharge current of the battery pack B may be controlled by the operation of the switch S.
- the switch S may include a first switch S1 and a second switch S2.
- first switch S1 and the second switch S may be provided as high-side type power transistors.
- first switch S1 and the second switch S2 may be located close to the battery pack side compared to the load.
- the first switch S1 may be a discharge control transistor (DFET) that controls battery discharge.
- DFET discharge control transistor
- a drain terminal of the first switch S1 may be connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, and a source terminal may be connected to a source terminal of the second switch S2 to be described later.
- the second switch S2 may be a charge control transistor (CFET) for controlling battery charge.
- CFET charge control transistor
- drain terminal of the second switch S2 may be connected to an external input/output terminal, and as described above, the source terminal of the second switch S2 may be connected to the first switch S1. It can be connected to the source terminal of
- the battery protection circuit in the battery management device may be provided by sequentially connecting one or more battery packs, the first switch S1 and the second switch S2, and the switch S may be provided in a form in which the source terminal of the first switch S1 and the source terminal of the second switch S2 are connected to a common ground.
- the battery protection circuit may further include a voltage applying circuit C connecting the first point P1 and the second point P2.
- the voltage value measured at the first point P1 may be the voltage value (V B+ ) measured at any one point between the battery pack B and the first switch S1, and the second point P2
- the voltage value measured at may be a voltage value (V P+ ) measured at any one point between the second switch S2 and the load.
- the voltage applying circuit C may be a basic switching circuit composed of a P channel and not having a separate driving drive.
- the voltage applying circuit (C) may be a circuit for applying a battery voltage to the second switch (S2) when diagnosing the second switch (S2) by a switch damage diagnosis device to be described later.
- the voltage application circuit C may be a circuit that transfers the battery voltage from the first point P1 to the second point P2 in order to diagnose whether the second switch S2 is damaged. A method for diagnosing whether the second switch S2 is damaged using the voltage applying circuit C will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 below.
- the switch damage diagnosis device may diagnose whether the switch is damaged by measuring voltage values (High Voltage Sensing; HV Sensing) at first to third points P1 to P3 in the battery protection circuit.
- voltage values High Voltage Sensing; HV Sensing
- the device for diagnosing damage to the switch may measure the voltage value (HV Sensing) measured at the first to third points P1 to P3.
- the voltage value measured at the first point P1 may be the voltage value (V B+ ) measured at any one point between the battery pack B and the first switch S1, and the second point P2
- the voltage value measured at may be a voltage value (V P+ ) measured at any one point between the second switch S2 and the load.
- the voltage value measured at the third point P3 may be a voltage value (V FET ) measured at any one point between the connected first and second switches S1 and S2.
- the switch damage diagnosis apparatus may diagnose whether at least one of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 is damaged based on the measured at least one voltage value.
- the switch damage diagnosis apparatus is a voltage value (V B+ ) measured at a first point (P1) and a voltage value (V P+ ) at the second point (P2) are greater than or equal to a threshold value, and the When the voltage value (V FET ) at point 3 (P3) is less than or equal to the threshold value, it may be determined that the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are normally operated.
- the device for diagnosing damage to a switch is configured to detect voltage values (V B+ , V P+ , V FET ) from a first point to a third point P1 to P3 greater than or equal to a threshold value. It may be determined that any one of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 is damaged.
- the device for diagnosing damage to a switch in a battery management device can prevent damage to a battery pack by a parasitic diode by diagnosing whether a switch in a battery protection circuit is damaged without a separate current measurement.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an apparatus for diagnosing damage to a switch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the device for diagnosing damage to a switch may be provided in the form of a micro controller unit (MCU) within a battery management system (BMS).
- MCU micro controller unit
- BMS battery management system
- the switch damage diagnosis device may include a memory 100 and a processor 200 .
- the memory 100 is a space for storing at least one piece of data and may be composed of at least one of a volatile storage medium and a non-volatile storage medium.
- the memory 100 may include at least one of a read only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM).
- the memory 100 may include at least one command executed by the processor 200 to diagnose damage to the switch in the battery protection circuit.
- the at least one command includes a command to measure a voltage value at at least one point in the battery protection circuit and a command to compare the measured voltage value with a threshold value to diagnose damage to the switch.
- the processor 200 may mean a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or a dedicated processor on which methods according to embodiments of the present invention are performed.
- CPU central processing unit
- GPU graphics processing unit
- dedicated processor on which methods according to embodiments of the present invention are performed.
- the processor 200 may repeatedly execute at least one program command stored in the memory 100 .
- a battery management device including a battery protection circuit and a device for diagnosing damage to a switch according to an embodiment of the present invention has been described above.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for diagnosing damage to a switch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the processor 200 may measure (HV Sensing) a voltage value at at least one point in the battery protection circuit device (S1000).
- the processor 200 may measure voltage values V B+ , V P+ , and V FET at the first to third points P1 to P3 .
- the processor 200 may determine whether or not the switch in the battery protection circuit device is damaged according to the magnitudes of the measured voltage values (V B+ , V P+ , and V FET ) (S2000).
- the measured voltage values (V B+ , V P+ , V FET ) are individually compared with the threshold value, and any one of the voltage values (V B+ , V P+ , V FET ) is determined as the threshold value. If the value is less than (Low), the processor 200 may determine that both the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 operate normally.
- the measured voltage values (V B+ , V P+ , V FET ) are individually compared with the threshold value, and the voltage values (V B+ , V P+ , V FET ) are higher than the threshold value (High) ,
- the processor 200 may determine that damage has occurred to at least one of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2.
- FIG. 6 is a table summarizing switch states according to voltage measurement values at first to third points in a battery protection circuit according to an experimental example of the present invention.
- the apparatus for diagnosing damage to a switch measures voltages (V B+ , V P+ , V FET ) at first to third points in order to prevent a control error caused by a parasitic diode of a switch provided to a power transistor. This can be used to diagnose switch damage.
- the first switch S1 As a result of measuring the voltage values at the first to third points P1-P3 according to whether the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are damaged, the first switch S1 And when the second switch S2 opens the circuit in a normal state, the voltage value V B+ at the first point P1 and the voltage value V P+ at the second point P2 are It was measured as higher than a specific threshold voltage (High), and the voltage measurement value (V FET ) at the third point (P3) was measured as less than a specific threshold voltage (Low).
- the first to third points (The voltage values (V B+ , V P+ , V FET ) at P1-P3) were measured to be higher than a specific threshold voltage value (High).
- the first to third points (The voltage values (V B+ , V P+ , V FET ) at P1-P3) were measured to be higher than a specific threshold voltage value (High).
- the voltage values (V) at the first to third points P1 to P3 B+ , V P+ , V FET ) were measured above a certain threshold voltage value (High).
- the device for diagnosing damage to a switch operates the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 only when the voltage measurement value V FET at the third point is below the threshold voltage (Low). It can be seen that all are working normally.
- the apparatus for diagnosing damage to a switch measures only the voltage value (V FET ) at the third point and compares it with the threshold voltage, thereby measuring the first switch S1 and the second switch It may be determined whether or not (S2) is damaged.
- the battery protection circuit device in order to diagnose damage to a switch in a battery protection circuit device, charging or discharging of a battery cell was necessarily performed, but the battery protection circuit device according to an embodiment of the present invention measures voltage at at least one point Since it is possible to diagnose whether or not the switch is damaged using only the switch, the battery cell can be charged and discharged after checking whether the switch is damaged, and thus the battery pack can be protected from abnormal current generation due to overcharging or overdischarging.
- An apparatus and method for diagnosing damage to a switch in a battery protection circuit and a battery management apparatus including the same include one or more battery packs and a switch connected to a positive electrode of the battery pack to detect overdischarge of the battery pack and a first switch and a second switch provided by a battery protection circuit and a power transistor to protect against overcharging, wherein a voltage value at at least one point in the battery protection circuit is measured to determine the first switch and the second switch and a switch damage diagnosis device for diagnosing whether any one of the switches is damaged, and a source terminal of the first switch and a source terminal of the second switch are connected to a common ground, thereby measuring current.
- a computer-readable recording medium includes all types of recording devices in which data that can be read by a computer system is stored.
- computer-readable recording media may be distributed to computer systems connected through a network to store and execute computer-readable programs or codes in a distributed manner.
- the computer-readable recording medium may include hardware devices specially configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, and flash memory.
- the program command may include high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like as well as machine code generated by a compiler.
- a block or apparatus corresponds to a method step or feature of a method step.
- aspects described in the context of a method may also be represented by a corresponding block or item or a corresponding feature of a device.
- Some or all of the method steps may be performed by (or using) a hardware device such as, for example, a microprocessor, programmable computer, or electronic circuitry. In some embodiments, one or more of the most important method steps may be performed by such an apparatus.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (27)
- 배터리 팩과 연결되는 제1 스위치 및 제2 스위치를 포함하는 배터리 보호 회로; 및상기 배터리 보호 회로 내 적어도 하나의 지점에서의 전압 값을 측정하여 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치 중 어느 하나의 손상 여부를 진단하는 스위치 손상 진단 장치를 포함하되,상기 제1 스위치의 소스(Source) 단자 및 상기 제2 스위치의 소스(Source) 단자는 공통 접지(Common Source)되는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 스위치는 상기 배터리 팩의 방전 시 방전 회로를 제어하는 방전 제어용 트랜지스터이고,상기 제2 스위치는 상기 배터리 팩의 충전 시 충전 회로를 제어하는 충전 제어용 트랜지스터인, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 배터리 보호 회로는상기 제1 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자는 상기 배터리 셀의 양극과 연결되고,상기 제2 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자는 부하와 연결되는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 배터리 보호 회로는,상기 배터리 팩 및 상기 제1 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자 사이의 제1 지점과 일단이 연결되고, 상기 제2 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자 및 상기 부하 사이의 제2 지점과 타단이 연결되어,상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치를 우회하여, 상기 배터리 팩의 전압을 상기 제2 지점에 인가하는 전압 인가 회로를 더 포함하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 전압 인가 회로는 P 채널(Channel)로 구성된 스위칭 회로인, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나의 지점은상기 배터리 팩 및 상기 제1 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자 사이의 상기 제1 지점;상기 제2 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자 및 상기 부하 사이에 상기 제2 지점; 및상기 제1 스위치의 소스(Source) 및 상기 제2 스위치의 소스(Source)가 공통 접지(Common Source)된 제3 지점을 포함하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 스위치 손상 진단 장치는,상기 제3 지점에서의 전압 값이 임계 값 이하인 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치가 정상 동작함을 판단하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 스위치 손상 진단 장치는,상기 제1 지점에서의 전압 값 및 상기 제2 지점에서의 전압 값이 임계 값 이상이고, 상기 제3 지점에서의 전압 값이 임계 값 이하인 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치가 정상 동작함을 판단하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 스위치 손상 진단 장치는,상기 제1 지점에서의 전압 값 내지 상기 제3 지점에서의 전압 값이 임계 값 이상인 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치 중 어느 하나에 손상이 있음을 판단하는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 배터리 팩과 연결되는 제1 스위치 및 제2 스위치를 포함하는 배터리 보호 회로 내 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치의 손상 여부를 진단하는 방법에 있어서,상기 배터리 보호 회로 내 특정 지점에서의 전압 값을 측정하는 단계; 및상기 전압 값을 임계 값과 비교하여 상기 스위치의 손상 여부를 진단하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 제1 스위치의 소스(Source) 단자 및 상기 제2 스위치의 소스(Source) 단자는 공통 접지(Common Source)되는, 스위치 손상 진단 방법.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 제1 스위치는 상기 배터리 셀의 방전 시 방전 회로를 제어하는 방전 제어용 트랜지스터이고,상기 제2 스위치는 상기 배터리 셀의 충전 시 충전 회로를 제어하는 충전 제어용 트랜지스터인, 스위치 손상 진단 방법.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 배터리 보호 회로는,상기 배터리 팩 및 상기 제1 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자 사이의 제1 지점과 일단이 연결되고, 상기 제2 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자 및 부하 사이의 제2 지점과 타단이 연결되어,상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치를 우회하여, 상기 배터리 팩의 전압을 상기 제2 지점에 인가하는 전압 인가 회로를 더 포함하는, 스위치 손상 진단 방법.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 전압 인가 회로는 P 채널(Channel)로 구성된 스위칭 회로인, 스위치 손상 진단 방법.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 배터리 보호 회로 내 특정 지점에서의 전압 값을 측정하는 단계는,상기 배터리 팩 및 상기 제1 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자 사이의 상기 제1 지점에서의 전압 값을 측정하는 단계;상기 제2 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자 및 상기 부하 사이의 상기 제2 지점에서의 전압 값을 측정하는 단계; 및상기 제1 스위치의 소스(Source) 및 상기 제2 스위치의 소스(Source)가 공통 접지(Common Source)된 제3 지점에서의 전압 값을 측정하는 단계를 포함하는, 스위치 손상 진단 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,상기 전압 값을 임계 값과 비교하여 상기 스위치의 손상 여부를 진단하는 단계는,상기 제3 지점에서의 전압 값이 임계 값 이하인 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치가 정상 동작함을 판단하는 단계를 포함하는, 스위치 손상 진단 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,상기 전압 값을 임계 값과 비교하여 상기 스위치의 손상 여부를 진단하는 단계는,상기 제1 지점에서의 전압 값 및 상기 제2 지점에서의 전압 값이 임계 값 이상이고, 상기 제3 지점에서의 전압 값이 임계 값 이하인 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치가 정상 동작함을 판단하는 단계를 포함하는, 스위치 손상 진단 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,상기 전압 값을 임계 값과 비교하여 상기 스위치의 손상 여부를 진단하는 단계는,상기 제1 지점에서의 전압 값 내지 상기 제3 지점에서의 전압 값이 임계 값 이상인 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치 중 어느 하나에 손상이 있음을 판단하는 단계를 포함하는, 스위치 손상 진단 방법.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치는,상기 부하 대비 상기 배터리 팩에 가깝게 위치되는 하이 사이드 형태(High Side Type)의 전력 트랜지스터인, 스위치 손상 진단 방법.
- 배터리 팩과 연결되는 제1 스위치 및 제2 스위치를 포함하는 배터리 보호 회로 내 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치의 손상 여부를 진단하는 장치에 있어서,메모리; 및상기 메모리의 적어도 하나의 명령을 수행하는 프로세서를 포함하고,상기 적어도 하나의 명령은,상기 배터리 보호 회로 내 적어도 하나의 지점에서의 전압 값을 측정하도록 하는 명령 및상기 전압 값을 임계 값과 비교하여 상기 스위치의 손상 여부를 진단하도록 하는 명령을 포함하되,상기 제1 스위치의 소스(Source) 단자 및 상기 제2 스위치의 소스(Source) 단자는 공통 접지(Common Source)되는, 스위치 손상 진단 장치.
- 청구항 19에 있어서,상기 제1 스위치는 상기 배터리 셀의 방전 시 방전 회로를 제어하는 방전 제어용 트랜지스터이고,상기 제2 스위치는 상기 배터리 셀의 충전 시 충전 회로를 제어하는 충전 제어용 트랜지스터인, 스위치 손상 진단 장치.
- 청구항 19에 있어서,상기 배터리 보호 회로는,상기 배터리 팩 및 상기 제1 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자 사이의 제1 지점과 일단이 연결되고, 상기 제2 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자 및 부하 사이의 제2 지점과 타단이 연결되어,상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치를 우회하여, 상기 배터리 팩의 전압을 상기 제2 지점에 인가하는 전압 인가 회로를 더 포함하는, 스위치 손상 진단 장치.
- 청구항 21에 있어서,상기 전압 인가 회로는 P 채널(Channel)로 구성된 스위칭 회로인, 스위치 손상 진단 장치.
- 청구항 21에 있어서,상기 배터리 보호 회로 내 적어도 하나의 지점에서의 전압 값을 측정하도록 하는 명령은,상기 배터리 팩 및 상기 제1 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자 사이의 제1 지점에서의 전압 값을 측정하도록 하는 명령;상기 제2 스위치의 드레인(Drain) 단자 및 상기 부하 사이에 제2 지점에서의 전압 값을 측정하도록 하는 명령; 및상기 제1 스위치의 소스(Source) 및 상기 제2 스위치의 소스(Source)가 공통 접지(Common Source)된 제3 지점에서의 전압 값을 측정하도록 하는 명령을 포함하는, 스위치 손상 진단 장치.
- 청구항 23에 있어서,상기 전압 값을 임계 값과 비교하여 상기 스위치의 손상 여부를 진단하도록 하는 명령은,상기 제1 지점에서의 전압 값 및 상기 제2 지점에서의 전압 값이 임계 값 이상이고, 상기 제3 지점에서의 전압 값이 임계 값 이하인 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치가 정상 동작함을 판단하는, 스위치 손상 진단 장치.
- 청구항 23에 있어서,상기 전압 값을 임계 값과 비교하여 상기 스위치의 손상 여부를 진단하도록 하는 명령은,상기 제3 지점에서의 전압 값이 임계 값 이하인 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치가 정상 동작함을 판단하는, 스위치 손상 진단 장치.
- 청구항 23에 있어서,상기 전압 값을 임계 값과 비교하여 상기 스위치의 손상 여부를 진단하도록 하는 명령은,상기 제1 지점에서의 전압 값 내지 상기 제3 지점에서의 전압 값이 임계 값 이상인 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치 중 어느 하나에 손상이 있음을 판단하는, 스위치 손상 진단 장치.
- 청구항 21에 있어서,상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치는,상기 부하 대비 상기 배터리 팩에 가깝게 위치되는 하이 사이드 형태(High Side Type)의 전력 트랜지스터인, 스위치 손상 진단 장치.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202280031476.4A CN117242357A (zh) | 2021-12-22 | 2022-09-15 | 用于诊断电池保护电路中的开关损坏的装置和方法以及包括其的电池管理装置 |
JP2023563872A JP2024516589A (ja) | 2021-12-22 | 2022-09-15 | 電池保護回路でのスイッチ損傷診断装置及び方法、並びにこれを含む電池管理装置 |
EP22911510.0A EP4321885A1 (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2022-09-15 | Device and method for diagnosing damage to switch in battery protection circuit, and battery management device comprising same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2021-0184661 | 2021-12-22 | ||
KR1020210184661A KR20230095314A (ko) | 2021-12-22 | 2021-12-22 | 배터리 보호 회로에서의 스위치 손상 진단 장치 및 방법, 그리고 이를 포함하는 배터리 관리 장치 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023120871A1 true WO2023120871A1 (ko) | 2023-06-29 |
Family
ID=86902751
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2022/013773 WO2023120871A1 (ko) | 2021-12-22 | 2022-09-15 | 배터리 보호 회로에서의 스위치 손상 진단 장치 및 방법, 그리고 이를 포함하는 배터리 관리 장치 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4321885A1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2024516589A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20230095314A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN117242357A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2023120871A1 (ko) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11178224A (ja) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-07-02 | Nec Kansai Ltd | 電池パック |
WO2008035523A1 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-03-27 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Back-gate voltage generator circuit, four-terminal back gate switching fet, and charge and discharge protection circuit using same |
KR101344251B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-12-23 | 주식회사 아이티엠반도체 | 검출 신호 편차 저감 기능의 보호회로 시스템 및 이를 구성하는 보호회로 |
US20140301005A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-10-09 | Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. | Low Side NMOS Protection Circuit for Battery Pack Application |
JP6614388B1 (ja) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-12-04 | ミツミ電機株式会社 | 二次電池保護回路、二次電池保護装置、電池パック及び二次電池保護回路の制御方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100873016B1 (ko) | 2007-06-26 | 2008-12-09 | 천창열 | 복수의 셀로 이루어진 배터리 팩의 배터리보호회로 |
-
2021
- 2021-12-22 KR KR1020210184661A patent/KR20230095314A/ko unknown
-
2022
- 2022-09-15 WO PCT/KR2022/013773 patent/WO2023120871A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2022-09-15 JP JP2023563872A patent/JP2024516589A/ja active Pending
- 2022-09-15 EP EP22911510.0A patent/EP4321885A1/en active Pending
- 2022-09-15 CN CN202280031476.4A patent/CN117242357A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11178224A (ja) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-07-02 | Nec Kansai Ltd | 電池パック |
WO2008035523A1 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-03-27 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Back-gate voltage generator circuit, four-terminal back gate switching fet, and charge and discharge protection circuit using same |
KR101344251B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-12-23 | 주식회사 아이티엠반도체 | 검출 신호 편차 저감 기능의 보호회로 시스템 및 이를 구성하는 보호회로 |
US20140301005A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-10-09 | Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. | Low Side NMOS Protection Circuit for Battery Pack Application |
JP6614388B1 (ja) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-12-04 | ミツミ電機株式会社 | 二次電池保護回路、二次電池保護装置、電池パック及び二次電池保護回路の制御方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4321885A1 (en) | 2024-02-14 |
CN117242357A (zh) | 2023-12-15 |
JP2024516589A (ja) | 2024-04-16 |
KR20230095314A (ko) | 2023-06-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2019027190A1 (ko) | 배터리 관리 장치 및 이를 포함하는 배터리 팩 | |
WO2019151779A1 (ko) | 프리차지 저항 보호 장치 | |
WO2020017817A1 (ko) | 스위치 진단 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2022098096A1 (ko) | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2022154354A1 (ko) | 배터리 시스템 진단 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2022103213A1 (ko) | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2020145768A1 (ko) | 배터리 팩 진단 장치 | |
WO2023106592A1 (ko) | 배터리 상태 모니터링 장치 및 방법, 그리고 배터리 보호 장치 | |
WO2023120871A1 (ko) | 배터리 보호 회로에서의 스위치 손상 진단 장치 및 방법, 그리고 이를 포함하는 배터리 관리 장치 | |
WO2022250390A1 (ko) | 배터리 모니터링 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2020111899A1 (ko) | 스위치 제어 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2020149557A1 (ko) | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2022124773A1 (ko) | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2022114873A1 (ko) | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2022215962A1 (ko) | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2022075712A1 (ko) | 배터리 팩, 배터리 시스템 및 프리차지 방법 | |
WO2021157920A1 (ko) | 배터리 랙의 개별 방전 시스템 및 방법 | |
WO2024128727A1 (ko) | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2024053881A1 (ko) | 배터리 보호 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2022145998A1 (ko) | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2024128769A1 (ko) | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2024063577A1 (ko) | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2024029754A1 (ko) | 배터리 시스템의 진단 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2024014850A1 (ko) | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2023149673A1 (ko) | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22911510 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18287259 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 2023563872 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280031476.4 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022911510 Country of ref document: EP Ref document number: 22911510.0 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022911510 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20231107 |