WO2023120404A1 - Système de chaudière à combustible à l'ammoniac - Google Patents

Système de chaudière à combustible à l'ammoniac Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023120404A1
WO2023120404A1 PCT/JP2022/046357 JP2022046357W WO2023120404A1 WO 2023120404 A1 WO2023120404 A1 WO 2023120404A1 JP 2022046357 W JP2022046357 W JP 2022046357W WO 2023120404 A1 WO2023120404 A1 WO 2023120404A1
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Prior art keywords
burner
ammonia
amount
air
air supply
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PCT/JP2022/046357
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
幸洋 冨永
明正 ▲高▼山
聡彦 嶺
康弘 山内
康裕 竹井
猛 甘利
裕基 芳川
Original Assignee
三菱重工業株式会社
三菱パワー株式会社
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Publication of WO2023120404A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023120404A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F23C1/12—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air gaseous and pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to ammonia-fueled boiler systems.
  • This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-210701 filed with the Japan Patent Office on December 24, 2021, the content of which is incorporated herein.
  • an ammonia-fueled boiler in which ammonia is supplied as fuel to the furnace is known.
  • an ammonia-fueled boiler disclosed in Patent Document 1 both pulverized coal and ammonia are supplied to a burner provided in a furnace body.
  • mixed combustion of ammonia and pulverized coal is performed in the combustion chamber of the furnace body.
  • the amount of NOx emissions is reduced by devising an arrangement pattern of burners.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide an ammonia-fueled boiler system capable of suppressing NOx emissions.
  • An ammonia-fueled boiler system includes: a furnace having a burner arrangement area and an additional air injection area located downstream of the burner arrangement area; an ammonia burner provided in the burner arrangement area for burning a first fuel containing ammonia fuel; Based on a characteristic value correlated with the amount of residual ammonia in the combustion of the first fuel, a target burner air supply amount to the burner arrangement region that reduces the NOx emission amount to a specified value or less is specified, and the specified target burner is a controller configured to control a burner air supply to the burner placement area such that the air supply is achieved.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an ammonia-fueled boiler system according to one embodiment
  • FIG. It is a conceptual diagram showing a boiler according to one embodiment.
  • 4 is a graph conceptually showing experimental results of verifying the relationship between the concentration of residual ammonia and the amount of NOx emissions in a boiler according to one embodiment.
  • 4 is a graph conceptually showing experimental results of verifying the relationship between the burner part air ratio and the residual ammonia concentration by changing the co-firing ratio (burner part temperature 1600° C.).
  • 4 is a graph conceptually showing experimental results of verifying the relationship between the burner part air ratio and the residual ammonia concentration by changing the co-firing ratio (burner part temperature 1400° C.).
  • FIG. 4 is a graph conceptually showing experimental results of verifying the relationship between the burner part air ratio and the residual ammonia concentration by changing the co-firing ratio (burner part temperature 1300° C.).
  • 4 is a flowchart showing a burner air supply amount according to the first embodiment; It is a flow chart which shows the amount of burner air supply concerning a 2nd embodiment.
  • 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the electrical configuration of a controller according to one embodiment;
  • FIG. It is a flow chart which shows the control processing of the amount of burner air supply concerning a 3rd embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of an additional air port viewed from the furnace side according to one embodiment;
  • FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 9A.
  • expressions denoting relative or absolute arrangements such as “in a direction”, “along a direction”, “parallel”, “perpendicular”, “center”, “concentric” or “coaxial” are strictly not only represents such an arrangement, but also represents a state of relative displacement with a tolerance or an angle or distance to the extent that the same function can be obtained.
  • expressions such as “identical”, “equal”, and “homogeneous”, which express that things are in the same state not only express the state of being strictly equal, but also have tolerances or differences to the extent that the same function can be obtained. It shall also represent the existing state.
  • expressions that express shapes such as squares and cylinders do not only represent shapes such as squares and cylinders in a geometrically strict sense, but also include irregularities and chamfers to the extent that the same effect can be obtained. Shapes including parts etc. shall also be represented.
  • the expressions “comprising”, “including”, or “having” one component are not exclusive expressions excluding the presence of other components.
  • symbol may be attached
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an ammonia-fueled boiler system 1 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the ammonia fuel boiler system 1 of this example is incorporated in a thermal power plant.
  • the boiler 10 constituting the ammonia fuel boiler system 1 burns a first fuel containing ammonia fuel and a second fuel other than ammonia fuel, and heats the heat generated by the combustion with feed water and steam to produce superheated steam. It is possible to generate
  • the ammonia fuel can be either liquid ammonia or ammonia gas.
  • the liquid ammonia may be liquid-phase ammonia as a pure substance, or may be a mixture of liquid-phase ammonia and water in a very small proportion.
  • the second fuel may be any fuel other than ammonia fuel, and may be solid fuel, liquid fuel, or gaseous fuel.
  • the following illustrates embodiments in which the second fuel includes coal.
  • Coal as fuel is pulverized coal. In the boiler 10, any of single burning of coal, mixed burning of coal and ammonia fuel, or single burning of ammonia fuel may be performed.
  • the boiler 10 has a furnace 11, a combustion device 12, and a combustion gas passage 13, as shown in FIG.
  • the furnace 11 has a hollow rectangular shape and is installed along the vertical direction.
  • the furnace wall 101 that constitutes the furnace 11 is composed of a plurality of heat transfer tubes and fins that connect them. It exchanges heat with steam to suppress the temperature rise of the furnace wall 101 .
  • the combustion device 12 is provided on the lower side of the furnace wall 101 that constitutes the furnace 11 .
  • the combustion device 12 has a plurality of burners (eg 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) mounted on the furnace wall 101.
  • FIG. A boiler 10 according to one embodiment is a swirling combustion boiler, and a plurality of burners provided in each stage are arranged at regular intervals along the circumferential direction of the furnace 11 .
  • the burners 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the furnace 11 as one set, and a plurality of stages (for example, five stages in FIG. 1) are arranged along the vertical direction. are placed.
  • the shape of the furnace, the number of burners in one stage, the number of stages, the arrangement, etc. are not limited to this embodiment.
  • a boiler 10 according to another embodiment is a facing combustion type boiler. In this case, at least one pair of burners in each stage are provided at positions facing each other.
  • An ammonia fuel supply unit 60 for supplying ammonia fuel to the boiler 10 is connected to the burners 21 , 22 , 23 via an ammonia supply pipe 69 .
  • the ammonia supply pipe 69 is connected to a tank that stores ammonia.
  • the burners 21, 22, and 23 may be referred to as a first burner 81 in some cases.
  • the ammonia supply pipe 69 supplies high-pressure liquid ammonia to the first burner 81 .
  • a heat insulating material may be provided in the ammonia supply pipe 69 to prevent vaporization of liquid ammonia.
  • the ammonia supply pipe 69 is provided with at least one ammonia vaporizer for vaporizing liquid ammonia. good too.
  • the ammonia vaporizer may be configured to vaporize liquid ammonia using steam generated in the boiler 10, combustion gas in the boiler 10, or seawater outside the boiler system as a direct or indirect heat source. good.
  • the first burner 81 may be configured to inject another fuel in addition to the ammonia fuel. That is, it is understood that the first burner 81 is a burner configured to burn a first fuel containing ammonia fuel.
  • the burners 24, 25 are connected to a plurality of pulverizers (mills) 34, 35 via pulverized coal supply pipes 29, 33 (in the following description, the burners 24, 25 are collectively referred to as the second burner 82).
  • the pulverizers 34 and 35 may be collectively referred to as the pulverizer 3, and the pulverized coal supply pipes 29 and 33 may be collectively referred to as the pulverized coal supply pipe 38).
  • the second burner 82 is understood to be a burner configured to burn a second fuel other than ammonia fuel (pulverized coal in this example).
  • a crushing table (not shown) is rotatably supported in a housing, and a plurality of crushing rollers (not shown) are supported above the crushing table so as to be rotatable in conjunction with the rotation of the crushing table.
  • Pulverized coal fuel transported to a classifier (not shown) and classified within a predetermined particle size range is supplied to burners 24 and 25 (second burner 82) from pulverized coal supply pipes 29 and 33 (38). be able to.
  • the carrier gas also plays a role of drying the pulverized coal fuel.
  • the carrier gas described above is sent to the pulverizer 3 through an air pipe 30 from a primary air fan (PAF) 31 that takes in outside air.
  • the air pipe 30 consists of a hot air guide pipe 30A through which hot air out of the air sent from the primary air fan 31 and heated by the air heater 42 flows, and an air heater 42 out of the air sent out from the primary air fan 31.
  • a cold air guiding pipe 30B through which cold air at room temperature flows without passing through the air, and a carrier gas channel 30C through which the hot air and the cold air flow together.
  • a hot air damper 30D and a cold air damper 30E are provided in the hot air guide tube 30A and the cold air guide tube 30B, respectively.
  • the furnace 11 is provided with a wind box 36 at the mounting positions of the burners 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25, and one end of an air duct (airway) 37 is connected to the wind box 36.
  • the air duct 37 is provided with a forced draft fan (FDF) 32 at the other end.
  • the air duct 37 is also provided with a wind box damper 28 for adjusting the amount of air supplied to the wind box 36 .
  • the degree of opening of the wind box damper 28 is controlled by a controller 90 (see FIG. 2), which will be described later.
  • a plurality of additional air ports (AA ports) 17 are provided above the installation position of the burner 21 of the furnace 11 (above the wind box 36).
  • An end of an additional air duct (AA duct) 27 branched from the air duct 37 is connected to the additional air port 17, and part of the air supplied from the forced draft fan 32 is used as additional air for combustion. , can be supplied to the additional air port 17 via the additional air duct 27 .
  • the additional air port 17 is provided with an additional air adjustment damper 26 .
  • the degree of opening of the additional air adjustment damper 26 is controlled by a later-described controller 90 (see FIG. 2).
  • the combustion gas passage 13 is connected to the upper portion of the furnace 11 in the vertical direction, as shown in FIG.
  • the combustion gas passage 13 is provided with superheaters 102, 103, 104, reheaters 105, 106, and an economizer 107 as heat exchangers for recovering the heat of the combustion gas. Heat is exchanged between the combustion gas and feed water or steam flowing through each heat exchanger.
  • Furnace 11 of one embodiment includes a nose 11A projecting into furnace 11 .
  • the nose 11A is designed so that gases (for example, combustion gas and unburned gas) generated in the main combustion zone 15 (see FIG. 2) and the complete combustion zone 16 (see FIG. It is configured to properly flow onto the road 14 .
  • the nose 11A according to one embodiment is provided with a gas thermometer 6 for measuring the nose temperature, which is the temperature of the inner wall surface of the nose 11A.
  • the nose temperature may be treated as the temperature of the combustion gas within the furnace 11 .
  • the combustion gas passage 13 is connected to a flue 14 through which combustion gas that has undergone heat exchange is discharged.
  • the flue 14 is provided with an air heater 42 for heating air flowing through each of the air duct 37 and the air pipe 30 .
  • the air heater 42 heat is exchanged between the outside air flowing through the air duct 37 and the combustion gas flowing through the flue 14 to raise the temperature of the combustion air supplied to the burners 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. can be done.
  • heat is exchanged between the outside air flowing toward the hot air guide pipe 30A and the combustion gas flowing through the flue 14, so that the outside air can be changed into hot air. Therefore, it is understood that the air heater 42 is configured to use exhaust heat from the boiler 10 to heat the outside air.
  • the flue 14 is provided with a denitrification device 43 at a position upstream of the air heater 42 .
  • the denitrification device 43 supplies a reducing agent such as ammonia or urea water, which has an effect of reducing nitrogen oxides, into the flue 14, and causes a reaction between the nitrogen oxides in the combustion gas to which the reducing agent is supplied and the reducing agent. is accelerated by the catalytic action of the denitration catalyst installed in the denitration device 43, thereby removing and reducing nitrogen oxides in the combustion gas.
  • the gas duct 41 connected to the flue 14 is provided with a dust collector 44 such as an electric dust collector, an induced draft fan (IDF) 45, a desulfurization device 46, etc. at a position downstream of the air heater 42.
  • a chimney 50 is provided at the end.
  • the pulverized coal fuel produced together with the carrier gas (primary air, oxidizing gas, combustion air, carrier air) is fed into the pulverized coal supply pipe 29, 33 (38) to burners 24, 25 (second burner 82).
  • the heated combustion air (primary air, secondary air, oxidizing gas) is transferred from the air duct 37 through the wind box 36. is supplied to the burners 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.
  • the burners 24 and 25 blow into the furnace 11 a pulverized coal fuel mixture in which pulverized coal fuel and a carrier gas are mixed, and also blow combustion air into the furnace 11. At this time, the pulverized coal fuel is mixed.
  • a flame can be formed by igniting air. A flame is generated in the lower part of the furnace 11 , and high-temperature combustion gas rises inside the furnace 11 and is discharged to the combustion gas passage 13 . Simultaneously with the start of blowing of the pulverized coal fuel mixture (or after the pulverized coal fuel mixture is ignited), the burners 21, 22, 23 (first burner 81) blow the first fuel containing ammonia fuel into the furnace 11.
  • Air is used as the oxidizing gas in this embodiment.
  • the oxygen ratio may be higher or lower than that of air, and can be used by optimizing the fuel flow rate.
  • the combustion gas is transferred to the second superheater 103, the third superheater 104, and the first superheater 102 (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as superheaters) arranged in the combustion gas passage 13. ), the second reheater 106, the first reheater 105 (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a reheater), and the economizer 107.
  • nitrogen oxides are reduced and removed by the denitrification device 43.
  • the dust collector 44 and the sulfur oxides are removed by the desulfurization device 46 the dust is discharged from the stack 50 into the atmosphere.
  • the heat exchangers do not necessarily have to be arranged in the order described above with respect to the combustion gas flow.
  • FIG. 1 does not precisely show the positions of the heat exchangers (superheaters 102, 103, 104, reheaters 105, 106, economizer 107) in the combustion gas passage 13.
  • the arrangement order of the exchangers relative to the burnt gas flow is also not limited to that shown in FIG.
  • the second fuel injected by the second burner 82 may be solid fuel such as biomass fuel, PC (petroleum coke) fuel generated during petroleum refining, and petroleum residue.
  • the fuel is not limited to solid fuels, and petroleum oils such as heavy oil, light oil, and heavy oil, and liquid fuels such as factory waste liquids can also be used.Gaseous fuels (natural gas, by-product gas, etc.) ) can also be used. Furthermore, it can also be applied to a mixed firing boiler that uses a combination of these fuels.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing details of the boiler 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the furnace 11 of the boiler 10 has a burner arrangement area 4 and an additional air injection area 5 positioned downstream of the burner arrangement area 4 .
  • a first burner 81 and a second burner 82 are provided in the burner arrangement area 4
  • an additional air port 17 is provided in the additional air injection area 5 .
  • the burner arrangement area 4 is provided with an air nozzle 8 configured to inject combustion air supplied from an air duct 37 .
  • the combustion air injected from the air nozzle 8 according to this embodiment is secondary air. 2 or at least one of the air nozzles 8 shown in FIG. 2 may be incorporated in the first burner 81 or the second burner 82.
  • the air nozzle 8 may be arranged to surround a first nozzle (described later) of the first burner 81 or may be arranged to surround a second nozzle (described later) of the second burner 82 .
  • the combustion air injected by the air nozzle 8 may be primary air or secondary air.
  • the arrangement patterns of the first burners 81, the second burners 82, and the air nozzles 8 in the burner arrangement area 4 are illustrated below.
  • an air nozzle 8, a second burner 82, an air nozzle 8, a first burner 81, an air nozzle 8, a second burner 82, and an air nozzle 8 are provided in this order from the upper side in the vertical direction.
  • the air nozzles 8 are each connected to an air supply pipe 19 provided with an air damper 18 .
  • Each of the air supply tubes 19 is configured to provide communication between the air duct 37 and the air nozzle 8 .
  • the amount of combustion air supplied to each air nozzle 8 is adjusted by changing the opening degree of the air damper 18 corresponding to each air nozzle 8 .
  • the air damper 18 of this embodiment is connected to the controller 90 via, for example, an IP converter for angle adjustment (not shown).
  • the opening degree of each air damper 18 is adjusted according to a command sent from the controller 90 .
  • a plurality of air nozzles 8 are vertically arranged between the first burner 81 and the second burner 82 .
  • the first burner 81 includes a first nozzle for injecting a first fuel containing ammonia fuel, and an ammonia supply passage 181 for supplying the ammonia fuel to the first nozzle.
  • the ammonia supply path 181 is connected to the ammonia supply pipe 69 described above.
  • the ammonia supply pipe 69 is provided with an adjustment section for adjusting the amount of ammonia fuel supplied to the first burner 81 .
  • the adjustment unit according to this embodiment is a flow rate adjustment valve for adjusting the flow rate of liquid ammonia.
  • the adjustment unit according to another embodiment may be an ammonia pump for feeding liquid ammonia, and the supply amount of ammonia fuel may be adjusted by changing the driving amount of the ammonia pump.
  • the regulator is a component of the ammonia fuel supply unit 60 and the controller 90 controls the regulator.
  • each of the plurality of second burners 82 includes a second nozzle for injecting coal and a coal supply path 182 for supplying coal (pulverized coal) using carrier air.
  • the coal supply path 182 is connected to the pulverized coal supply pipe 38 described above. That is, the coal supply path 182 is configured to supply pulverized coal fuel to the second nozzle using carrier air.
  • the amount of pulverized coal fuel supplied is adjusted by changing the driving amount of the pulverizer 3 .
  • the driving amount of the crusher 3 is controlled by the controller 90 .
  • the amount of combustion air supplied to the burner arrangement area 4 may be referred to as the burner air supply amount (or burner air amount).
  • a controller 90 as a component of the boiler 10 controls the burner section air ratio defined by the formula (A) to be equal to or higher than the lower limit. This is because if the burner air ratio falls below the lower limit, there is a risk of misfire or the like occurring in the furnace 11. It may be specified based on the flow meter 39 and the ammonia flow meter 68 provided in the ammonia supply pipe 69 . In addition, the burner air supply amount (Q a1 +Q a2 +Q a2f ) in Equation (A) is determined by an air flow meter (not shown) provided in each of the air duct 37, the additional air duct 27, and the air pipe 30, and each You may specify based on the opening degree of the air damper 18. FIG.
  • the above control of the burner section air ratio includes control of the opening of the wind box damper 28, control of the opening of each air damper 18, control of the opening of the additional air adjustment damper 26, control of the driving amount of the crusher 3, or control of the adjustment section. at least one of controls.
  • the driving amount of a device that supplies another fuel may be controlled. .
  • FIG. 3 is a graph conceptually showing experimental results of verifying the relationship between the concentration of residual ammonia in the boiler 10 and the amount of NOx emissions.
  • the residual ammonia is ammonia remaining in the burner arrangement area 4 as the first fuel containing ammonia fuel is burned.
  • Residual ammonia includes ammonia gas that remains without burning in the main combustion zone 15 of the furnace 11 and is not necessarily limited to ammonia that contacts the burner arrangement zone 4 that constitutes the furnace 11 .
  • the burner temperature which is the temperature in the main combustion zone 15
  • the amount of NOx emissions tends to increase when the residual ammonia concentration exceeds the specified concentration of about 100 ppm. It is in.
  • FIG. 4A to 4C are graphs conceptually showing experimental results of verifying the relationship between the burner air ratio and the residual ammonia concentration by changing the co-firing rate of ammonia fuel and coal.
  • FIG. 4A shows the results of an experiment conducted under the condition that the burner temperature is 1600° C.
  • FIGS. 4B and 4C show the results of the experiments conducted under the conditions that the burner temperature is 1400° C. and 1300° C., respectively. show.
  • the amount of residual ammonia decreases as the burner air ratio increases (however, according to the knowledge of the inventors, a burner air ratio of 0.9 or less indicates NOx emissions). It is preferable from the viewpoint of avoiding a rapid increase in the amount.).
  • the amount of residual ammonia can be controlled by adjusting the burner section air ratio. Further, as shown by the formula (A), the burner section air ratio changes according to the theoretical air amounts (Q th ) of the first fuel and the second fuel. Determined by the amount of fuel supplied. However, since the fuel supply amount is determined according to the load (that is, demand) of the ammonia fuel boiler system 1, it may be difficult to change. Therefore, it can be seen that it is preferable to control the burner section air ratio by adjusting the burner air amounts (Q a1 , Q a2 , and Q a2f in equation (A)), which are the remaining parameters that contribute to the burner section air ratio.
  • the inventors found that it is preferable to adjust the amount of residual ammonia, which needs to be the optimum value for suppressing NOx emissions, through control of the burner air supply amount.
  • the burner air supply amount is controlled based on a characteristic value correlated with the amount of residual ammonia (hereinafter also referred to as residual ammonia characteristic value).
  • the residual ammonia characteristic value may be the output value of the ammonia measuring instrument 9 for measuring the ammonia concentration in the burner arrangement area 4 .
  • the residual ammonia characteristic value may be an estimated value estimated from the burner section air ratio.
  • the burner section air ratio and the residual ammonia concentration are correlated with each other to a certain extent, so the relationship between the two parameters is stored in the form of a function or data table in the memory 91B, which will be described later. If so, the amount of residual ammonia can be estimated. Alternatively, even if the relationship between both parameters is learned by the learning model, the residual ammonia amount can be estimated.
  • a controller 90 which is a component of the boiler 10, specifies a target burner air supply amount (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a target burner air supply amount) that reduces NOx emissions to a specified value or less based on the residual ammonia characteristic value. configured to Additionally, the controller 90 is configured to control the burner air supply such that the identified target burner air supply is achieved. According to the above configuration, for example, when the amount of residual ammonia is relatively large, the burner air supply amount increases. As a result, the burner section air ratio is increased, so that the NOx emission amount can be reduced to the specified value or less.
  • the ammonia fuel boiler system 1 capable of suppressing NOx emissions is realized.
  • the controller 90 controls the burner air supply by controlling the distribution (AA ratio) between the burner air supply and the additional air supply supplied to the additional air input region 5. .
  • the controller 90 is configured to control the distribution of the burner air supply amount and the additional air supply amount based on the residual ammonia characteristic value so that the NOx emission amount is equal to or less than a specified value. Therefore, as the burner air supply increases or decreases, the additional air supply decreases or increases.
  • the additional air supply amount (AA ratio) increases, sufficient air is supplied to the combustion completion zone 16 in the furnace 11, and unburned fuel is generated. can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the generation of unburned fuel (in this example, unburned carbon) while suppressing NOx emissions.
  • the controller 90 specifies the target burner air supply amount based on the temperature of the gas (unburned gas and combustion gas) heading for the additional air input region 5 in the furnace 11 and the residual ammonia characteristic value.
  • the temperature of the gas is, for example, the burner section temperature or the nose temperature.
  • the burner section temperature has a specific relationship with the residual ammonia concentration.
  • the nose temperature has a specific relationship with the burner section temperature.
  • the relationship between the residual ammonia amount and the burner temperature (or nose temperature) may be stored in advance in a memory 91B described later in the form of a function or data table, or the relationship between the two parameters may be pre-learned in the learning model.
  • the target burner air supply amount for optimizing the amount of residual ammonia can be determined more accurately based on the residual ammonia characteristic value and the gas temperature. Therefore, NOx emissions can be suppressed more reliably.
  • the controller 90 determines the co-firing rate of the first fuel including ammonia fuel and the second fuel including coal (hereinafter simply referred to as co-firing rate ) may be further referred to. That is, the controller 90 may specify the target burner air supply amount based on the temperature of the gas going to the additional air input region 5, the co-firing rate, and the residual ammonia characteristic value. As can be seen from the graphs shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C, the amount of residual ammonia correlates not only with the burner temperature but also with the co-firing rate.
  • This correlation may be pre-stored in a memory 91B described later in the form of a function or data table, or may be pre-learned by a learning model. According to the above configuration, the target burner air supply amount can be determined more accurately based on the gas temperature, mixed combustion rate, and residual ammonia characteristic value. Therefore, NOx emissions can be suppressed more reliably.
  • the controller 90 is configured to control the burner arrangement region 4 so that the amount of unburned carbon generated in the furnace 11 is equal to or less than the specified amount of carbon. That is, the controller 90 is configured to control the burner air supply amount so that the NOx emission amount becomes equal to or less than the specified value and the unburned carbon amount becomes equal to or less than the specified carbon amount.
  • the amount of unburned carbon generated in the furnace 11 changes according to the burner air supply amount. According to the above configuration, it is possible to suppress the generation of both NOx and the amount of unburned carbon through control of the burner air supply amount.
  • the amount of unburned carbon (UBC) depends on the temperature in the furnace 11, the amount of pulverized coal supplied, and the combustion air (primary air and secondary air) supplied to the second burner 82. air).
  • the controller 90 includes a processor and memory.
  • the memory has ROM, RAM, and flash memory.
  • the processor is configured to read a boiler operating program stored in ROM, load it into RAM, and execute the instructions contained in the boiler operating program.
  • the boiler operation program includes a burner air amount control program for executing burner air amount control processing, which will be described later.
  • a processor is a CPU, GPU, MPU, DSP, various arithmetic devices other than these, or a combination thereof. Processors may be implemented by integrated circuits such as PLDs, ASICs, FPGAs, and MCUs.
  • a flash memory included in the memory stores various data as the boiler operation program is executed. A specific configuration example of the controller 90 will be described later with reference to FIG.
  • step may be abbreviated as "S".
  • the controller 90 determines whether or not the NOx emission amount is equal to or less than a specified value (S5).
  • the controller 90 determines whether or not the NOx emission amount is equal to or less than a specified value based on the output result of a NOx measuring device (not shown) that may be provided at the inlet of the desulfurization device 46, for example.
  • controller 90 estimates NOx emissions based on values such as burner section air ratio, furnace temperature, burner air supply, first fuel and second fuel supply, and calculates estimated NOx emissions. It may be determined whether the amount is equal to or less than a specified value.
  • the target burner air supply amount for reducing the NOx emissions is specified.
  • a simulation process in which the amount of air supplied to the burner is virtually changed and the amount of NOx emissions resulting from the change is calculated is repeated at least once (S11 to S19). .
  • a proper target burner air supply is searched for by repeating the simulation process. Then, a process for realizing the target burner air supply amount specified by the search is executed (S51, S53).
  • the controller 90 virtually gives a deviation to the current burner air supply amount (S11). Then, the combustion temperature, which is the gas temperature in the main combustion zone 15 of the furnace 11, and the amount of UBC are acquired as virtual results produced by this (S13). As a specific example, the controller 90 controls the burner air supply amount to which the deviation is given, the combustion heat amount of the first fuel containing ammonia fuel, the fuel heat amount of the second fuel containing coal, and the heat balance in the furnace 11. Combustion temperature is calculated based on the relational expression. Further, the UBC amount is specified by calculation based on the burner air supply amount to which the deviation is given, the calculated combustion temperature, and the pulverized coal supply amount. In calculating the UBC amount, a prescribed formula for predicting the UBC amount may be utilized.
  • the controller 90 acquires the residual ammonia characteristic value (S15). As an example, the controller 90 acquires the output result of the ammonia measuring instrument 9 and acquires the residual ammonia concentration inside the furnace 11 . As another example, the controller 90 may specify the residual ammonia amount by calculation based on the result obtained in S13.
  • the controller 90 acquires the NOx emission amount by calculation based on the processing results of S11, S13, and S15 (S17). For example, the controller 90 acquires the NOx emission amount by calculation based on the virtual burner air supply amount acquired in S11, the combustion temperature acquired in S13, and the residual ammonia characteristic value acquired in S15.
  • the co-firing ratio in the boiler 10 and the in-furnace residence time of the first fuel and the second fuel may be referred to. In this case, more accurate NOx emissions can be obtained.
  • the residence time in the furnace is the time from when the first fuel and the second fuel are put into the furnace 11 until they reach the nose 11A.
  • the residence time in the furnace is determined by the flow rate of the combustion air supplied to the burner arrangement region 4, the flow rate of the first fuel and the second fuel, the cross-sectional area of the furnace 11 (constant value), and the height of the furnace 11 (constant value). can be calculated based on
  • the controller 90 determines whether the NOx emission amount acquired in S17 is equal to or less than the specified value and the UBC amount acquired in S13 is equal to or less than the specified carbon amount (S19). If these conditions (hereinafter also referred to as termination conditions) are not satisfied (S19: NO), the deviation of the burner air supply amount virtually given in S11 is considered inappropriate.
  • the controller 90 returns the process to S11 and repeats S11 to S19.
  • the deviation (S11) again applied to the burner air supply may be determined by application of the gradient method.
  • the termination condition is satisfied (S19: YES). Deviations in the burner air supply amount that satisfy the termination condition are treated as appropriate solutions obtained by the search, and the controller 90 shifts the process to S51.
  • the controller 90 identifies the target burner air supply amount (S51). As a specific example, the controller 90 specifies the target burner air supply amount based on the burner air supply amount deviation (S11) that satisfies the end condition and the current burner air supply amount.
  • the controller 90 controls various dampers so that the target burner air supply amount specified in S51 is achieved. As a more specific example, the opening degree control of the wind box damper 28, the opening degree control of each air damper 18, and the opening degree control of the additional air adjustment damper 26 are controlled, and the target burner air supply amount is set in the burner arrangement area 4. supplied.
  • the controller 90 After executing S53, the controller 90 returns the process to S5. If the NOx emission amount is equal to or less than the specified value (S5: YES), the controller 90 terminates the burner air amount control process.
  • a virtual deviation may also be given to the additional air supply amount in S11. That is, the total amount of air supplied may be kept constant and a virtual deviation may be imparted to the distribution (AA ratio) between the burner air supply amount and the additional air supply amount.
  • the opening degrees of various dampers are controlled so that the specified AA rate is realized.
  • the UBC amount may not be acquired in S13, and the termination condition in S19 may not include the UBC amount being equal to or less than the specified carbon amount.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing burner air amount control processing according to the second embodiment.
  • the same step number is given to the same step as the flowchart shown in FIG. 5 in the flowchart of FIG.
  • the burner air supply amount is controlled based on the residual ammonia characteristic value.
  • S21 to S27 are executed instead of S11 to S19 (see FIG. 5), which are simulation processes.
  • S21 to S27 the adjustment amount of the burner air supply amount is specified according to the amount of residual ammonia. The details are described below.
  • the controller 90 determines that the NOx emission amount exceeds the specified value (S5: NO), it acquires a predetermined value that is a threshold for determining the amount of residual ammonia (S21).
  • This predetermined value is obtained based on the type of coal contained in the second fuel, the furnace temperature, and the residence time of the first and second fuels in the furnace, for example, by referring to a function formula or a data table. Details of S21 will be described later.
  • the controller 90 determines whether or not the residual ammonia amount is equal to or less than the predetermined value obtained in S21 (S23).
  • the residual ammonia amount may be obtained based on the output result of the ammonia measuring instrument 9, or may be obtained based on the burner section air ratio or the like.
  • the controller 90 specifies the amount of decrease in the amount of burner air supply so that the amount of residual ammonia exceeds a predetermined value (S25).
  • the controller 90 identifies the target burner air supply amount based on the identification result in S25 and the current burner air supply amount (S51), and executes S53 as in the first embodiment. This increases the target burner air supply amount and reduces the residual ammonia amount. After executing S53, the controller 90 returns the process to S5.
  • the controller 90 specifies the increase amount of the burner air supply amount so that the amount of residual ammonia becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value (S27).
  • the controller 90 identifies the target burner air supply amount based on the identification result in S27 and the current burner air supply amount (S51), and executes S53 as in the first embodiment. This increases the target burner air supply amount and reduces the residual ammonia amount.
  • the burner air supply amount is controlled according to the amount of residual ammonia inside the furnace 11, so the NOx emission amount can be suppressed more reliably.
  • the burner air amount control process is continuously executed while the boiler 10 is in operation. While the boiler 10 is being operated, combustion conditions such as coal type, furnace temperature, and residence time of the first and second fuels in the furnace are changed. In this case, the amount of residual ammonia that minimizes the amount of NOx emissions can also change (see FIG. 3), so in S21 the controller 90 changes the setting of the predetermined value that serves as a criterion for determining the amount of residual ammonia. As a more specific example, when the coal type is changed during operation of the boiler 10, data indicating the coal type change is input to the controller 90, and the predetermined value is acquired based on the data.
  • the data indicating the coal type change corresponds to the change instruction of the predetermined value.
  • the setting of the predetermined value may be changed according to the change.
  • the demand for changing the boiler load corresponds to an instruction to change the predetermined value.
  • the setting of the predetermined value may be changed according to the change.
  • Example of burner air amount control process according to the third embodiment > 7 and 8, the burner air amount control process according to the third embodiment is illustrated.
  • a learning model 95 is used to identify a target burner air supply.
  • FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of the controller 90 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the controller 90 includes a control device 91 and an arithmetic device 92 .
  • the arithmetic device 92 performs arithmetic processing using the learning model 95 and the control device 91 performs the remaining control processing for operating the boiler 10 .
  • the control device 91 includes a processor 91A (hereinafter also referred to as a control processor 91A) and a memory 91B that stores a boiler operation program.
  • the control processor 91A executes control processing for operating the boiler 10 based on the boiler operating program.
  • Arithmetic device 92 includes processor 92A (hereinafter also referred to as arithmetic processor 92A), which may be, for example, GPU, CPU, or FPGA, and memory 92B that stores learning model 95 .
  • Arithmetic processor 92A is configured to input prescribed data to learning model 95 and to output output data of learning model 95 to control device 91 in response to a command from control processor 91A.
  • the control processor 91A sends the input data of the learning model 95 to the arithmetic processor 92A, and the output data of the learning model 95 is sent from the arithmetic processor 92A to the control processor 91A.
  • the learning model 95 is configured to output a NOx emission amount that is equal to or less than a specified value and other process values when characteristic values indicating combustion conditions in the furnace 11 are input.
  • the characteristic values indicating the combustion conditions which are the input data for the learning model 95, are the numerical value indicating the type of coal contained in the second fuel, the burner air supply amount, the AA ratio, and the supply amounts of the first and second fuels. include.
  • the process values that become the output data of the learning model 95 include the UBC amount, the temperature of the heat transfer surface, and the steam temperature.
  • the teacher data in which the input data and the output data are associated with each other are acquired based on various measurement results while the operator operates the ammonia fuel boiler system 1, for example.
  • the weighting coefficients of the neural networks that make up the learning model 95 may be adjusted with the input of teacher data.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing burner air amount control processing according to the third embodiment.
  • the same step numbers are assigned to processes similar to the burner air amount control process of FIG.
  • S31 to S39 are executed instead of S11 to S19 (see FIG. 5).
  • the controller 90 determines that the NOx emission amount exceeds the specified value (S5: NO), it acquires an evaluation function and an evaluation reference value (S31). Both the evaluation function and the evaluation reference value are used to determine whether the output data of the learning model 95 are appropriate.
  • the evaluation function is configured to weight various parameters included in the output data from the learning model 95 and score the output data.
  • a plurality of types of evaluation functions are stored in the memory 91B of the control device 91, and scoring logic differs for each evaluation function (that is, weighting patterns for various parameters differ).
  • Each evaluation function reflects a weighting pattern based on properties that should be prioritized according to operating conditions such as environmental performance, economic efficiency, stability, and balance in the ammonia fuel boiler system 1 .
  • the operator selects an evaluation function from among these according to desired properties.
  • the evaluation reference value includes a defined carbon content for determining whether the UBC amount is appropriate and an evaluation threshold for determining whether the score output from the evaluation function is appropriate.
  • the evaluation reference value may be determined by the controller 90 based on process values obtained by instrumentation, such as furnace temperature.
  • the controller 90 virtually gives a deviation to the above characteristic value indicating the combustion condition of the current ammonia fuel boiler system 1 (S33).
  • the controller 90 inputs the characteristic value to which the deviation is given in S33 to the learning model 95, and acquires various parameters (NOx emission amount and process value) output from the learning model 95 (S35). At this time, the NOx emission amount included in the various parameters is below the specified value. This is because the learning model 95 is machine-learned so that it becomes so.
  • the controller 90 inputs various parameters obtained in S35 to the evaluation function obtained in S31 (S37).
  • the controller 90 determines whether the output data of the learning model 95 obtained in S35 and the score obtained from the evaluation function in S37 satisfy prescribed conditions (S39).
  • the defined conditions are conditions under which the UBC content obtained in S35 is equal to or less than the defined carbon content, and the score obtained from the evaluation function in S37 is equal to or greater than the evaluation reference value obtained in S31. If the specified condition is not satisfied (S39: NO), the controller 90 returns the process to S33. If the specified condition is satisfied (S39: YES), the deviation virtually given in S33 is deemed appropriate, and the deviation of the appropriate burner air supply amount is obtained.
  • the controller 90 identifies the target burner air supply amount based on the deviation and the current burner air supply amount (S51). After that, the controller 90 advances the process to S53. According to the above configuration, by using the learning model 95, an appropriate target burner air supply amount can be specified.
  • the additional air port 17 includes a primary additional air nozzle 205 and a secondary additional air nozzle 214 surrounding the primary additional air nozzle 205 .
  • a primary rectifier 204 made of a porous plate is provided inside the primary additional air nozzle 205, and the primary additional air passes through the primary rectifier 204 to be straightened. and is supplied to the combustion completion zone 16 of the furnace 11. Further, the amount of primary additional air supplied is adjusted by changing the opening degree of the primary damper 203 located upstream of the primary rectifier 204 by the controller 90 .
  • a secondary damper 212 is provided in the secondary additional air nozzle 214 , and a secondary rectifier 213 made of a porous plate material is provided downstream of the secondary damper 212 .
  • a guide vane 215 is provided at the outlet of the secondary additional air nozzle 214 .
  • the guide vanes 215 extend into the furnace 11 and extend horizontally outward away from the primary additional air nozzles 205 .
  • the secondary additional air passing through the secondary damper 212 whose opening degree is adjusted by the controller 90 is rectified via the secondary rectifier 213, spreads horizontally by the guide vanes 215, and is supplied to the complete combustion zone 16. be.
  • the opening degrees of the primary damper 203 and the secondary damper 212 may be controlled as S53 is executed.
  • Primary damper 203 and secondary damper 212 are examples of additional air conditioning damper 26 shown in FIG.
  • the controller 90 changes the respective opening degrees of the primary damper 203 and the secondary damper 212 so that the straight primary additional air and the horizontally spreading secondary air. Each supply of additional air is then adjusted. As a result, the additional air port 17 can uniformly supply the additional air to the combustion completion zone 16, thereby suppressing NOx emissions.
  • a tilt mechanism for vertically changing the angle of the additional air blown out from the additional air port 17 is provided.
  • the tilt mechanism is driven and controlled by the controller 90 .
  • the time required for the gas flowing from the main combustion zone 15 to the combustion completion zone 16 to mix with the additional air from the additional air port 17 is appropriately adjusted by driving the tilt mechanism by the controller 90 .
  • the rapid mixing of the gas and the additional air is suppressed, and the local generation of high-temperature gas in the furnace 11 can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of an excessively rich flame and suppress the amount of NOx emissions.
  • An ammonia-fueled boiler system (1) according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a furnace (11) having a burner placement area (4) and an additional air injection area (5) located downstream of the burner placement area; an ammonia burner (first burner 81) provided in the burner arrangement area for burning a first fuel containing ammonia fuel; Based on a characteristic value correlated with the amount of residual ammonia in the combustion of the first fuel, a target burner air supply amount to the burner arrangement region that reduces the NOx emission amount to a specified value or less is specified, and the specified target burner is a controller (90) configured to control a burner air supply to said burner placement area such that the air supply is achieved; Prepare.
  • the controller specifies the target burner air supply amount so that the NOx emission amount is equal to or less than the specified value. The controller then controls the burner air supply so that the identified target burner air supply is achieved.
  • the burner air supply is increased, for example, when the residual ammonia content is relatively high. Since the burner section air ratio increases, the NOx emission amount can be kept below the set value. Conversely, if there is too little residual ammonia and not enough ammonia as a reducing agent, and the amount of NOx emissions can be too great, the amount of air supplied to the burner will be reduced. Since the burner section air ratio is reduced, the NOx emission amount can be reduced to the specified value or less. As described above, an ammonia fuel boiler system capable of suppressing Nox emissions is realized.
  • the ammonia-fueled boiler system of 1) above comprising: The controller controls the distribution of the burner air supply amount and the additional air supply amount supplied to the additional air injection area based on the characteristic value so that the NOx emission amount is equal to or less than the specified value. configured to
  • the ammonia-fueled boiler system of 1) or 2) above, wherein The controller is controlling the amount of air supplied to the burner to decrease when the amount of residual ammonia is equal to or less than a predetermined value; When the residual ammonia amount exceeds the predetermined value, the burner air supply amount is controlled to increase.
  • the burner air supply amount is controlled according to the amount of residual ammonia in the furnace, so NOx emissions can be suppressed more reliably.
  • the ammonia-fueled boiler system of 3) above The controller is configured to change the setting of the predetermined value in accordance with a change instruction.
  • the amount of residual ammonia can be controlled according to the operating conditions of the ammonia boiler system, so the amount of NOx emissions can be suppressed more reliably.
  • the ammonia-fueled boiler system of any one of 1) to 4) above The controller is configured to determine the target burner air supply based on the temperature of gas within the furnace directed to the additional air input region and the characteristic value correlated with the residual ammonia content.
  • the amount of residual ammonia correlates not only with the amount of burner air supply, but also with the temperature of the gas heading to the additional air injection area.
  • the target burner air supply amount for optimizing the residual ammonia amount can be determined more accurately based on the characteristic value correlated with the residual ammonia amount and the gas temperature. Therefore, NOx emissions can be suppressed more reliably.
  • the ammonia-fueled boiler system of any one of 1) to 5) above including a coal burner (second burner 82) provided in the burner arrangement area for burning a second fuel containing coal;
  • the controller controls the burner air supply amount to the burner arrangement area so that the NOx emission amount is equal to or less than the specified value and the unburned carbon amount generated in the furnace is equal to or less than the specified carbon amount.
  • the amount of unburned carbon generated changes according to the amount of air supplied to the burner. According to the configuration 6) above, it is possible to suppress the generation of both NOx and the amount of unburned carbon through control of the amount of air supplied to the burner.
  • An ammonia-fueled boiler system (1) according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a furnace (11) having a burner placement area (4) and an additional air injection area (5) located downstream of the burner placement area; an ammonia burner (first burner 81) provided in the burner arrangement area for burning fuel containing ammonia;
  • the target burner air supply amount is specified using the learning model (95) for outputting the NOx emission amount below the specified value and other process values.
  • a controller (90) configured to control the burner air supply to the burner placement area such that the identified target burner air supply is achieved; Ammonia fueled boiler system.
  • Ammonia fuel boiler system 4 Burner arrangement area 5: Additional air injection area 10: Boiler 11: Furnace 81: First burner (ammonia burner) 82: Second burner (coal burner) 90: Controller 95: Learning model

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de chaudière à combustible à l'ammoniac comprenant : un four ayant une zone d'agencement de brûleur et une zone d'introduction d'air supplémentaire positionnée en aval de la zone d'agencement de brûleur ; un brûleur d'ammoniac qui est disposé sur la zone d'agencement de brûleur et brûle un premier combustible contenant un combustible à l'ammoniac ; et un dispositif de commande conçu pour spécifier une quantité d'alimentation en air de brûleur cible à la zone d'agencement de brûleur sur la base d'une valeur caractéristique corrélée à la quantité d'ammoniac résiduel dans la combustion de combustible de telle sorte que les émissions de NOx sont égales ou inférieures à une valeur prescrite, et commander la quantité d'alimentation en air de brûleur à la zone d'agencement de brûleur de telle sorte que la quantité d'alimentation en air de brûleur cible spécifiée est obtenue.
PCT/JP2022/046357 2021-12-24 2022-12-16 Système de chaudière à combustible à l'ammoniac WO2023120404A1 (fr)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55112913A (en) * 1979-02-26 1980-09-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Low nox combustion system
JP2008241220A (ja) * 2007-03-29 2008-10-09 Hitachi Ltd ボイラの制御装置、及び制御方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55112913A (en) * 1979-02-26 1980-09-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Low nox combustion system
JP2008241220A (ja) * 2007-03-29 2008-10-09 Hitachi Ltd ボイラの制御装置、及び制御方法

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